Religion_NN1 and_CC Citizenship_NN1 As_CSA stressed_VVN several_DA2 times_NNT2 ,_, well-functioning_JJ democracies_NN2 require_VV0 citizens_NN2 who_PNQS take_VV0 their_APPGE civic_JJ duties_NN2 seriously_RR ,_, become_VV0 well-informed_NN1 about_II public_JJ issues_NN2 ,_, and_CC vote_VV0 for_IF parties_NN2 or_CC policies_NN2 that_CST are_VBR most_RGT likely_JJ to_TO increase_VVI community_NN1 welfare_NN1 ._. 
Implicit_JJ in_II the_AT notion_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 good_JJ citizen_NN1 is_VBZ a_AT1 certain_JJ community_NN1 loyalty-patriotism_NN1 if_CS you_PPY will_VM that_DD1 leads_VVZ the_AT citizen_NN1 to_TO associate_VVI her_APPGE interests_NN2 with_IW the_AT community_NN1 's_GE ._. 
With-luck_NN1 ,_, citizens_NN2 will_VM think_VVI of_IO the_AT polity_NN1 as_CSA "_" their_APPGE group_NN1 "_" and_CC some_DD of_IO their_APPGE instinctive_JJ group_NN1 loyalties_NN2 will_VM transfer_VVI over_RP to_II the_AT political_JJ community_NN1 ._. 
Religion_NN1 can_VM undermine_VVI the_AT democratic_JJ process_NN1 if_CS loyalty_NN1 to_II the_AT religious_JJ group_NN1 displaces_VVZ loyalty_NN1 to_II the_AT political_JJ community_NN1 ._. 
In_II the_AT extreme_JJ case_NN1 ,_, religious_JJ loyalty_NN1 can_VM lead_VVI to_II actions_NN2 that_CST harm_VV0 the_AT community_NN1 ._. 
Islam_NN1 and_CC the_AT Islamic_JJ state_NN1 --_NN1 the_AT Caliphate_NN1 --_NN1 came_VVD into_II existence_NN1 at_II the_AT same_DA time_NNT1 and_CC thus_RR ,_, in_II the_AT Muslim_JJ world_NN1 ,_, the_AT distinction_NN1 between_II religion_NN1 and_CC state_NN1 has_VHZ never_RR been_VBN as_RG sharp_JJ as_CSA in_II Christian_JJ countries_NN2 since_CS at_RR21 least_RR22 the_AT end_NN1 of_IO the_AT eighteenth_MD century_NNT1 ._. 
Territorial_JJ states_NN2 existed_VVD ,_, of_RR21 course_RR22 ,_, but_CCB the_AT good_JJ Muslim_NN1 did_VDD not_XX identify_VVI with_IW them_PPHO2 in_II the_AT same_DA way_NN1 that_CST the_AT good_JJ Frenchman_NN1 or_CC Swede_NN1 identifies_VVZ with_IW his_APPGE state_NN1 ._. 
Ask_VV0 someone_PN1 in_II Paris_NP1 or_CC Stockholm_NP1 "_" What_DDQ are_VBR you_PPY ?_? "_" and_CC his_APPGE most_RGT likely_JJ answer_NN1 would_VM be_VBI a_AT1 Frenchman_NN1 or_CC a_AT1 Swede_NN1 unless_CS he_PPHS1 happened_VVD to_TO be_VBI a_AT1 Muslim_JJ ,_, in_II which_DDQ case_NN1 he_PPHS1 would_VM most_RGT likely_RR say_VVI a_AT1 Muslim_JJ ._. 
"_" About_RG a_AT1 third_MD of_IO French_JJ schoolchildren_NN2 of_IO Muslim_JJ origin_NN1 see_VV0 their_APPGE faith_NN1 rather_II21 than_II22 a_AT1 passport_NN1 or_CC skin_NN1 colour_NN1 as_II the_AT main_JJ thing_NN1 that_CST defines_VVZ them_PPHO2 ._. "_" 
"_" A_AT1 Pew_NN1 poll_NN1 of_IO Muslims_NN2 worldwide_RL found_VVD that_CST 81_MC percent_NNU of_IO British_JJ Muslims_NN2 said_VVD they_PPHS2 thought_VVD of_IO themselves_PPX2 as_CSA Muslims_NN2 first_MD and_CC a_AT1 citizen_NN1 of_IO Britain_NP1 second_NNT1 ._. 
In_II the_AT survey_NN1 that_CST proportion_NN1 was_VBDZ exceeded_VVN only_RR by_II that_DD1 in_II Pakistan_NP1 ._. "_" 
Thinking_NN1 of_IO oneself_PNX1 as_II a_AT1 Muslim_JJ first_MD and_CC a_AT1 British_JJ citizen_NN1 second_MD does_VDZ no_AT harm_NN1 to_II democracy_NN1 if_CS being_VBG a_AT1 Muslim_JJ means_NN praying_VVG on_II Friday_NPD1 and_CC being_VBG a_AT1 British_JJ citizen_NN1 means_VVZ voting_VVG on_II Sunday_NPD1 ,_, and_CC when_CS one_PN1 votes_VVZ one_PN1 has_VHZ in_II mind_NN1 Britain_NP1 's_GE welfare_NN1 ._. 
If_CS ,_, on_II the_AT other_JJ hand_NN1 ,_, identifying_VVG first_MD with_IW Islam_NN1 means_VVZ identifying_VVG more_RGR closely_RR with_IW fellow_JJ Muslims_NN2 in_II other_JJ countries_NN2 than_CSN with_IW fellow_JJ Britains_NN2 when_RRQ the_AT two_MC perceptions_NN2 of_IO identity_NN1 conflict_NN1 ,_, then_RT a_AT1 good_JJ Muslim_NN1 will_VM sacrifice_VVI the_AT welfare_NN1 of_IO fellow_JJ Britains_NN2 for_IF that_DD1 of_IO fellow_JJ Muslims_NN2 ._. 
Many_DA2 Americans_NN2 ,_, including_II its_APPGE political_JJ leaders_NN2 ,_, see_VV0 themselves_PPX2 at_II war_NN1 with_IW terrorism_NN1 ._. 
Some_DD Muslims_NN2 see_VV0 America_NP1 's_GE occupation_NN1 of_IO Afghanistan_NP1 and_CC Iraq_NP1 and_CC its_APPGE unwavering_JJ support_NN1 for_IF Israel_NP1 as_CSA implying_VVG that_CST it_PPH1 is_VBZ really_RR at_II war_NN1 with_IW Islam_NN1 and_CC thus_RR an_AT1 enemy_NN1 of_IO all_DB Muslims_NN2 ._. 
European_JJ countries_NN2 like_II Spain_NP1 ,_, Great_NP1 Britain_NP1 ,_, Germany_NP1 ,_, Denmark_NP1 ,_, and_CC still_JJ others_NN2 that_CST have_VH0 sent_VVN troops_NN2 to_II Afghanistan_NP1 or_CC Iraq_NP1 ,_, or_CC that_CST seem_VV0 too_RG sympathetic_JJ to_II Israel_NP1 ,_, become_VV0 fellow_JJ enemies_NN2 of_IO loyal_JJ Muslims_NN2 ._. 
The_AT fervent_JJ patriot_NN1 is_VBZ willing_JJ to_TO kill_VVI and_CC if_CS need_VM be_VBI die_NN1 for_IF his_APPGE country_NN1 ._. 
In_II the_AT past_NN1 ,_, many_DA2 fervent_JJ Christians_NN2 have_VH0 been_VBN willing_JJ to_TO kill_VVI and_CC die_VVI for_IF their_APPGE religion_NN1 ,_, and_CC a_AT1 few_DA2 remain_VV0 willing_JJ to_TO do_VDI so_RR today_RT ._. 
Although_CS the_AT terrorist_JJ attacks_NN2 of_IO September_NPM1 11_MC ,_, 2001_MC ,_, were_VBDR carried_VVN out_RP by_II Muslims_NN2 who_PNQS were_VBDR not_XX American_JJ citizens_NN2 ,_, the_AT attacks_NN2 of_IO March_NPM1 11_MC ,_, 2003_MC ,_, in_II Madrid_NP1 ,_, of_IO July_NPM1 2005_MC in_II London_NP1 ,_, and_CC the_AT thwarted_JJ attack_NN1 on_II airplanes_NN2 from_II London_NP1 to_II the_AT United_NP1 States_NP1 in_II August_NPM1 2006_MC involved_VVD Muslim_JJ citizens_NN2 of_IO Spain_NP1 and_CC Great_NP1 Britain_NP1 ._. 
They_PPHS2 provide_VV0 vivid_JJ illustrations_NN2 of_IO how_RGQ religious_JJ and_CC democratic_JJ loyalties_NN2 can_VM conflict_VVI to_II the_AT detriment_NN1 of_IO democracy_NN1 ._. 
Religion_NN1 and_CC Morality_NN1 The_AT argument_NN1 is_VBZ often_RR made_VVN that_CST religious_JJ beliefs_NN2 underpin_VV0 morality_NN1 ,_, and_CC thus_RR provide_VV0 a_AT1 form_NN1 of_IO public_JJ good_JJ by_II making_VVG people_NN better_NN1 behaved_VVD ._. 
Christian_JJ opposition_NN1 to_II birth-control_JJ evices_NN2 and_CC abortions_NN2 is_VBZ based_VVN on_II their_APPGE religious_JJ beliefs_NN2 ._. 
Christian_JJ citizens_NN2 who_PNQS hold_VV0 these_DD2 beliefs_NN2 are_VBR effectively_RR saying_VVG that_CST the_AT United_NP1 States_NP1 and_CC Africa_NP1 would_VM be_VBI better_JJR places_NN2 if_CS abortions_NN2 and_CC birth-control_JJ devices_NN2 were_VBDR banned_VVN ._. 
Pope_NNB Paul_NP1 VI_MC 's_GE 1968_MC encyclical_JJ Humanae_NP1 Vitae_NP1 made_VVD it_PPH1 clear_JJ that_CST any_DD attempt_NN1 to_TO have_VHI sexual_JJ intercourse_NN1 and_CC prevent_VV0 an_AT1 ensuing_JJ birth_NN1 was_VBDZ a_AT1 mortal_JJ sin_NN1 ._. 
Good_JJ Catholics_NN2 who_PNQS wish_VV0 to_TO have_VHI sexual_JJ intercourse_NN1 but_CCB do_VD0 not_XX want_VVI to_TO have_VHI a_AT1 child_NN1 or_CC contact_NN1 AIDS_NN1 must_VM thus_RR choose_VVI between_II committing_VVG a_AT1 mortal_JJ sin_NN1 or_CC risking_VVG the_AT birth_NN1 of_IO an_AT1 unwanted_JJ child_NN1 or_CC AIDS_NN1 ._. 
The_AT Catholic_JJ Church_NN1 's_GE stance_NN1 on_II birth-control_JJ devices_NN2 has_VHZ thwarted_VVN economic_JJ development_NN1 in_II the_AT poor_JJ ,_, Catholic_JJ countries_NN2 of_IO the_AT world_NN1 by_II hampering_VVG programs_NN2 to_TO reduce_VVI population_NN1 growth_NN1 and_CC has_VHZ contributed_VVN to_II the_AT spread_NN1 of_IO AIDS_NN1 ._. 
It_PPH1 is_VBZ difficult_JJ to_TO see_VVI how_RRQ the_AT Church_NN1 's_GE position_NN1 on_II contraceptives_NN2 conforms_VVZ to_II any_DD moral_JJ system_NN1 that_CST seeks_VVZ to_TO promote_VVI human_JJ welfare_NN1 in_II the_AT present_JJ life_NN1 ._. 
The_AT same_DA can_VM be_VBI said_VVN for_IF the_AT unnecessary_JJ uffering_NN1 and_CC death_NN1 that_CST the_AT United_NP1 States_NP1 's_GE ABC_NP1 model_NN1 caused_VVN in_II Africa_NP1 ._. 
Terrorist_JJ attacks_NN2 in_II the_AT name_NN1 of_IO Islam_NN1 would_VM also_RR seem_VVI to_TO run_VVI against_II most_DAT commonsense_JJ notions_NN2 of_IO morality_NN1 ._. 
Nevertheless_RR ,_, the_AT view_NN1 that_CST religion_NN1 underpins_VVZ morality_NN1 is_VBZ so_RG widely_RR held_VVN that_CST it_PPH1 warrants_VVZ a_AT1 closer_JJR look_NN1 ._. 
Religion_NN1 and_CC War_NN1 Local_NN1 religions_NN2 have_VH0 their_APPGE own_DA myths_NN2 ,_, spirits_NN2 ,_, and_CC gods_NN2 ._. 
One_MC1 tribe_NN1 finds_VVZ it_PPH1 unsurprising_VVG ,_, therefore_RR ,_, if_CS its_APPGE religious_JJ practices_NN2 differ_VV0 from_II those_DD2 of_IO a_AT1 neighboring_JJ tribe_NN1 ._. 
Each_DD1 has_VHZ its_APPGE own_DA ancestors_NN2 ,_, shamans_NN2 ,_, and_CC history_NN1 ,_, and_CC thus_RR there_EX is_VBZ no_AT reason_NN1 to_TO expect_VVI them_PPHO2 to_TO share_VVI religious_JJ beliefs_NN2 ,_, nor_CC does_VDZ it_PPH1 matter_VVI that_CST their_APPGE religious_JJ beliefs_NN2 differ_VV0 ._. 
Each_DD1 tribe_NN1 is_VBZ concerned_JJ with_IW making_VVG its_APPGE own_DA members_NN2 better_RRR off_RP ,_, and_CC prays_VVZ to_II and_CC engages_VVZ in_II trade_NN1 with_IW its_APPGE own_DA ancestors_NN2 and_CC spirits_NN2 ._. 
In_II the_AT past_NN1 ,_, tribes_NN2 fought_VVN over_II cattle_NN2 ,_, women_NN2 ,_, or_CC territory_NN1 but_CCB not_XX over_II religion_NN1 ._. 
As_CSA urban_JJ societies_NN2 replaced_VVD tribal_JJ societies_NN2 and_CC the_AT state_NN1 appeared_VVD ,_, a_AT1 single_JJ state_NN1 religion_NN1 replaced_VVD the_AT many_DA2 local_JJ religions_NN2 ._. 
The_AT earliest_JJT state_NN1 religionsshared_VVD many_DA2 characteristics_NN2 of_IO local_JJ religions_NN2 ,_, however_RR ,_, as_CSA ,_, for_REX21 example_REX22 ,_, pantheism_NN1 and_CC animal_NN1 and_CC other_JJ food_NN1 sacrifices_VVZ to_II gods_NN2 ._. 
As_CSA with_IW local_JJ religions_NN2 ,_, sacrificed_VVD animals_NN2 or_CC humans_NN2 in_II religious_JJ ceremonies_NN2 were_VBDR consumed_VVN by_II the_AT population_NN1 ,_, and_CC these_DD2 ceremonies_NN2 with_IW their_APPGE accompanying_JJ rewards_NN2 of_IO food_NN1 and_CC drink_VV0 helped_JJ leaders_NN2 of_IO early_JJ states_NN2 to_TO maintain_VVI their_APPGE subjects_NN2 's_GE loyalty_NN1 ._. 
These_DD2 killing_VVG religions_NN2 ,_, as_CSA practiced_VVN by_II the_AT Sumerians_NN2 ,_, Egyptians_NN2 ,_, Persians_NN2 ,_, and_CC Greeks_NN2 ,_, were_VBDR eventually_RR replaced_VVN by_II the_AT great_JJ nonkilling_NN1 or_CC universal_JJ religions_NN2 ,_, which_DDQ forbade_VVD killing_VVG humans_NN2 and_CC animal_NN1 and_CC human_JJ sacrifices_NN2 ._. 
Because_CS they_PPHS2 forbade_VVD killing_NN1 ,_, one_PN1 might_VM have_VHI expected_VVN the_AT nonkilling_JJ religions_NN2 to_TO have_VHI brought_VVN an_AT1 end_NN1 to_II interstate_JJ warfare_NN1 ._. 
Yet_RR they_PPHS2 were_VBDR soon_RR co-opted_VVN by_II the_AT state_NN1 ._. 
They_PPHS2 benefited_VVD the_AT ruling_JJ classes_NN2 by_II substituting_VVG rewards_NN2 in_II Heaven_NN1 for_IF comfort_NN1 and_CC sustenance_NN1 on_II Earth_NN1 and_CC thus_RR did_VDD away_RL with_IW the_AT need_NN1 for_IF great_JJ festivals_NN2 that_CST provided_CS food_NN1 to_II the_AT people_NN ._. 
Although_CS nonkilling_VVG religions_NN2 forbade_VVD killing_NN1 ,_, they_PPHS2 allowed_VVD exceptions_NN2 for_IF just_JJ wars_NN2 ._. 
Militant_JJ Buddhist_JJ kings_NN2 appear_VV0 as_RG early_RR as_CSA the_AT second-century_JJ bce_NN1 ._. 
Wen_NP1 ,_, founder_NN1 of_IO the_AT first_MD Buddhist_JJ empire_NN1 in_II China_NP1 ,_, the_AT Sui_JJ Dynasty_NN1 (_( 589-618_MCMC ce_NN1 )_) ,_, remarked_VVD that_CST "_" Buddhists_NN2 made_VVD excellent_JJ soldiers_NN2 ,_, because_II21 of_II22 their_APPGE faith_NN1 that_CST death_NN1 in_II battle_NN1 would_VM only_RR draw_VVI them_PPHO2 closer_RRR to_II paradise_NN1 ._. "_" 
Much_RR the_AT same_DA can_VM be_VBI said_VVN for_IF Islam_NN1 ._. 
Mohammed_NP1 urged_VVD his_APPGE followers_NN2 to_TO spread_VVI Islam_NN1 ,_, and_CC martyrdom_NN1 in_II31 pursuit_II32 of_II33 this_DD1 cause_NN1 was_VBDZ supposed_JJ to_TO lead_VVI to_II Heaven_NN1 ._. 
This_DD1 belief_NN1 ,_, along_II21 with_II22 the_AT belief_NN1 that_CST the_AT Day_NNT1 of_IO Judgment_NN1 was_VBDZ immanent_JJ ,_, played_VVD an_AT1 important_JJ role_NN1 in_II getting_VVG Islamic_JJ fighters_NN2 to_TO kill_VVI and_CC die_VVI for_IF Islam_NN1 (_( Chapter_NN1 Six_MC )_) ._. 
Thus_RR ,_, the_AT nonkilling_JJ religions_NN2 actually_RR intensified_JJ warfare_NN1 by_II producing_VVG better_JJR warriors_NN2 because_II21 of_II22 the_AT reduced_JJ fear_NN1 of_IO death_NN1 and_CC the_AT promise_NN1 of_IO Heaven_NN1 if_CS one_PN1 died_VVD in_II battle_NN1 :_: "_" Indeed_RR ,_, were_VBDR it_PPH1 not_XX for_IF their_APPGE ability_NN1 to_TO sponsor_VVI and_CC encourage_VVI militarism_NN1 and_CC harsh_JJ measures_NN2 of_IO state_NN1 control_NN1 ,_, there_EX would_VM be_VBI no_AT world_NN1 religions_NN2 in_II the_AT world_NN1 today_RT ._. "_" 
Thus_RR ,_, instead_II21 of_II22 bringing_VVG wars_NN2 to_II an_AT1 end_NN1 ,_, nonkilling_VVG religions_NN2 introduced_VVD a_AT1 new_JJ kind_NN1 of_IO war_NN1 --_NN1 the_AT religious_JJ war_NN1 ._. 
As_CSA Hobbes_NP1 noted_VVD when_CS reflecting_VVG on_II the_AT English_JJ civil_JJ war_NN1 ,_, no_AT such_DA war_NN1 existed_VVD in_II the_AT ancient_JJ world_NN1 ._. 
One_PN1 needed_VVD Christianity_NN1 and_CC the_AT goading_NN1 of_IO Presbyterian_JJ preachers_NN2 to_TO produce_VVI a_AT1 civil_JJ war_NN1 over_II religion_NN1 ._. 
However_RR ,_, Christianity_NN1 is_VBZ not_XX alone_JJ in_II this_DD1 respect_NN1 ._. 
Islam_NN1 has_VHZ had_VHN its_APPGE religious_JJ wars_NN2 ,_, and_CC Hindus_NN2 killHindus_NN1 "_" Over_II whether_CSW Shiva_NP1 or_CC Vishnu_NN1 is_VBZ the_AT higher_JJR Lord_NN1 ._. "_" 
More_RGR generally_RR ,_, universal_JJ religions_NN2 ,_, with_IW their_APPGE claims_NN2 that_CST only_RR their_APPGE followers_NN2 can_VM have_VHI access_NN1 to_II Heaven_NN1 ,_, have_VH0 proved_VVN to_TO be_VBI effective_JJ means_NN for_IF identifying_VVG the_AT members_NN2 of_IO one_PN1 's_GE tribe_NN1 and_CC stirring_VVG the_AT instinctive_JJ loyalties_NN2 and_CC hatreds_NN2 that_CST such_DA tribal_JJ associations_NN2 engender_VV0 ._. 
Much_DA1 of_IO the_AT second_MD millennium_NNT1 in_II Europe_NP1 was_VBDZ devoted_JJ to_II wars_NN2 over_II religion_NN1 ._. 
They_PPHS2 began_VVD at_II the_AT end_NN1 of_IO the_AT eleventh_MD century_NNT1 with_IW the_AT First_MD Crusade_NN1 ._. 
The_AT Crusades_NN2 ,_, it_PPH1 should_VM be_VBI emphasized_VVN ,_, were_VBDR an_AT1 attack_NN1 by_II practitioners_NN2 of_IO the_AT supposedly_RR pacific_JJ Christian_JJ faith_NN1 on_II the_AT supposedly_RR more_RGR warlike_JJ Muslims_NN2 ._. 
Moreover_RR ,_, the_AT catalyst_NN1 for_IF the_AT First_MD Crusade_NN1 was_VBDZ Pope_NNB Urban_NP1 II_MC who_PNQS agitated_VVD energetically_RR and_CC effectively_RR for_IF the_AT re-conquest_NN1 of_IO the_AT Holy_JJ Lands_NN2 ._. 
The_AT Crusades_NN2 were_VBDR then_RT followed_VVN by_II further_JJR battles_NN2 between_II Muslims_NN2 and_CC Christians_NN2 as_II the_AT Ottoman_JJ Turks_NN2 extended_VVD their_APPGE empire_NN1 into_II Europe_NP1 ._. 
The_AT Reformation_NN1 gave_VVD European_JJ Christians_NN2 an_AT1 excuse_NN1 to_TO fight_VVI among_II themselves_PPX2 ,_, which_DDQ they_PPHS2 did_VDD with_IW great_JJ zeal_NN1 for_IF a_AT1 century_NNT1 and_CC a_AT1 half_NN1 ._. 
The_AT major_JJ fighting_NN1 came_VVD to_II an_AT1 end_NN1 in_II 1648_MC with_IW the_AT signing_NN1 of_IO the_AT treaty_NN1 known_VVN as_II the_AT Peace_NN1 of_IO Westphalia_NP1 ._. 
One_PN1 might_VM have_VHI expected_VVN that_CST the_AT Prince_NN1 of_IO Peace_NN1 's_GE emissary_NN1 on_II Earth_NN1 would_VM have_VHI welcomed_VVN this_DD1 end_NN1 to_II hostilities_NN2 ,_, but_CCB no_UH ;_; Pope_NNB Innocent_NP1 X_ZZ1 vigorously_RR opposed_VVD it_PPH1 ._. 
Although_CS it_PPH1 is_VBZ perhaps_RR understandable_JJ that_CST contradictory_JJ claims_NN2 about_II the_AT nature_NN1 of_IO God_NP1 would_VM lead_VVI to_II wars_NN2 ,_, one_PN1 might_VM expect_VVI that_DD1 universal_JJ religions_NN2 aversion_NN1 to_II violence_NN1 would_VM make_VVI their_APPGE practitioners_NN2 avid_JJ and_CC effective_JJ opponents_NN2 of_IO wars_NN2 that_CST were_VBDR not_XX religiously_RR motivated_VVN ._. 
Such_DA ,_, however_RR ,_, has_VHZ not_XX generally_RR been_VBN the_AT case_NN1 ._. 
Probably_RR no_AT war_NN1 in_II history_NN1 has_VHZ had_VHN less_DAR justification_NN1 than_CSN "_" the_AT war_NN1 to_TO end_VVI all_DB wars_NN2 "_" precipitated_VVN by_II a_AT1 deranged_JJ assassin_NN1 in_II Sarajevo_NP1 ._. 
National_JJ honor_NN1 and_CC a_AT1 desire_NN1 for_IF more_DAR territory_NN1 in_II the_AT Balkans_NP1 appear_VV0 to_TO have_VHI been_VBN behind_II Austria-Hungary_NP1 's_GE declaration_NN1 of_IO war_NN1 on_II Serbia_NP1 ._. 
The_AT other_JJ protagonists_NN2 joined_VVD in_RP to_TO honor_VVI their_APPGE treaty_NN1 commitments_NN2 ._. 
Such_DA justifications_NN2 should_VM not_XX have_VHI sufficed_VVN to_TO convince_VVI clergy_NN2 that_CST killing_VVG in_II the_AT name_NN1 of_IO country_NN1 was_VBDZ morally_RR justified_VVN ._. 
Yet_RR this_DD1 was_VBDZ not_XX the_AT case_NN1 ._. 
Leading_JJ clergy_NN2 in_II all_DB countries_NN2 became_VVD ardent_JJ supporters_NN2 of_IO the_AT war_NN1 ._. 
Just_RR as_CSA victory_NN1 in_II battle_NN1 had_VHD convinced_VVN the_AT followers_NN2 of_IO Mohammed_NP1 that_CST God_NP1 was_VBDZ on_II their_APPGE side_NN1 ,_, Prussia_NP1 's_GE victory_NN1 over_II France_NP1 in_II the_AT war_NN1 of_IO 1870-1_MCMC convinced_JJ Protestant_JJ Germans_NN2 that_CST God_NP1 was_VBDZ on_II their_APPGE side_NN1 ,_, and_CC in_RR21 particular_RR22 ,_, that_CST God_NP1 favored_VVD Protestantism_NN1 over_II the_AT Catholicism_NN1 of_IO "_" Godless_NP1 France_NP1 ._. "_" 
Early_JJ victories_NN2 in_II World_NN1 War_NN1 I_PPIS1 reinforced_VVD the_AT view_NN1 in_II Germany_NP1 that_CST God_NP1 was_VBDZ on_II its_APPGE side_NN1 ._. 
As_II the_AT theologian_NN1 Alfred_NP1 Uckley_NP1 put_VVD it_PPH1 ,_, "_" God_NP1 is_VBZ the_AT God_NN1 of_IO the_AT Germans_NN2 ._. 
Our_APPGE battles_NN2 are_VBR God_NP1 's_GE battles_NN2 ._. 
Our_APPGE cause_NN1 is_VBZ sacred_JJ ,_, a_AT1 wholly_RR sacred_JJ matter_NN1 ._. 
We_PPIS2 are_VBR God_NP1 's_VBZ chosen_VVN among_II the_AT nations_NN2 ._. 
That_CST our_APPGE prayers_NN2 for_IF victory_NN1 will_VM be_VBI heard_VVN is_VBZ entirely_RR to_TO be_VBI expected_VVN ,_, according_II21 to_II22 the_AT religious_JJ and_CC moral_JJ order_NN1 of_IO the_AT world_NN1 ._. "_" 
Given_VVN the_AT popular_JJ view_NN1 in_II Germany_NP1 that_CST the_AT Franco-Prussian_JJ War_NN1 was_VBDZ a_AT1 war_NN1 of_IO Protestantism_NN1 against_II Catholicism_NN1 ,_, it_PPH1 is_VBZ not_XX surprising_JJ that_CST Germany_NP1 's_GE Catholic_JJ clergy_NN2 were_VBDR rather_RG reticent_JJ about_II the_AT war_NN1 's_GE merits_NN2 ._. 
They_PPHS2 were_VBDR ininhibited_VVN in_II praising_VVG the_AT German_JJ cause_NN1 in_II World_NN1 War_NN1 I_ZZ1 ,_, however_RR :_: "_" As_II a_AT1 Catholic_JJ field_NN1 chaplain_NN1 explained_VVN in_II April_NPM1 1915_MC ,_, German_JJ patriotic_JJ idealism_NN1 was_VBDZ at_II war_NN1 with_IW the_AT 'barbarism_NN1 of_IO the_AT Russians_NN2 ,_, the_AT atheism_NN1 of_IO the_AT French_NN1 ,_, and_CC the_AT insatiable_JJ cupidity_NN1 and_CC mercantile_JJ spirit_NN1 of_IO the_AT English_NN1 ._. "_" 
For_IF the_AT French_NN1 ,_, on_II the_AT other_JJ hand_NN1 ,_, the_AT war_NN1 was_VBDZ a_AT1 crusade_NN1 to_TO save_VVI Christian_JJ civilization_NN1 from_II German_JJ barbarism_NN1 ._. 
British_JJ clergy_NN2 were_VBDR also_RR forthright_JJ in_II supporting_VVG the_AT war_NN1 ._. 
In_II a_AT1 sermon_NN1 delivered_VVN in_II September_NPM1 1914_MC ,_, Arthur_NP1 Winnington-Ingram_NP1 ,_, bishop_NN1 of_IO London_NP1 ,_, urged_VVD the_AT soldiers_NN2 before_II him_PPHO1 onward_RL with_IW the_AT following_JJ stirring_JJ words_NN2 :_: But_CCB when_CS we_PPIS2 have_VH0 said_VVN all_DB that_DD1 ,_, this_DD1 is_VBZ a_AT1 Holy_JJ War_NN1 ._. 
We_PPIS2 are_VBR on_II the_AT side_NN1 of_IO Christianity_NN1 against_II anti-Christ_JJ ._. 
We_PPIS2 are_VBR on_II the_AT side_NN1 of_IO the_AT New_JJ Testament_NN1 which_DDQ respects_VVZ the_AT weak_JJ ,_, and_CC honours_NN2 treaties_NN2 ,_, and_CC dies_VVZ for_IF its_APPGE friends_NN2 ,_, and_CC looks_VVZ upon_II war_NN1 as_II a_AT1 regrettable_JJ necessity_NN1 ..._... 
It_PPH1 is_VBZ a_AT1 Holy_JJ War_NN1 ,_, and_CC to_TO fight_VVI in_II a_AT1 holy_JJ war_NN1 is_VBZ an_AT1 honour_NN1 ..._... 
Already_RR I_PPIS1 have_VH0 seen_VVN the_AT light_NN1 in_II men_NN2 's_GE eyes_NN2 which_DDQ I_PPIS1 have_VH0 never_RR seen_VVN before_RT ._. 
