Is_VBZ Happiness_NN1 Still_RR That_DD1 New_JJ Car_NN1 Smell_NN1 ?_? 
DETROIT_NP1 FOR_IF generations_NN2 ,_, American_JJ car_NN1 buying_NN1 has_VHZ been_VBN guided_VVN by_II one_MC1 grand_JJ philosophy_NN1 :_: which_DDQ one_PN1 do_VD0 I_PPIS1 want_VVI ?_? 
But_CCB now_RT ,_, another_DD1 question_NN1 has_VHZ begun_VVN to_TO percolate_VVI :_: do_VD0 I_PPIS1 need_VVI a_AT1 car_NN1 at_RR21 all_RR22 ?_? 
The_AT recession_NN1 and_CC a_AT1 growing_JJ awareness_NN1 of_IO the_AT environment_NN1 are_VBR causing_VVG many_DA2 people_NN to_TO reassess_VVI their_APPGE automobile_NN1 ownership_NN1 ._. 
After_CS more_DAR than_CSN a_AT1 century_NNT1 in_II which_DDQ an_AT1 automobile_NN1 represented_VVD the_AT American_JJ dream_NN1 ,_, car_NN1 enthusiasm_NN1 may_VM no_RR21 longer_RR22 be_VBI a_AT1 part_NN1 of_IO Americans_NN2 '_GE DNA_NN1 ._. 
At_II one_MC1 extreme_NN1 lies_VVZ a_AT1 fledgling_JJ car-free_JJ movement_NN1 emerging_VVG in_II big_JJ cities_NN2 like_II New_NP1 York_NP1 ,_, Boston_NP1 and_CC San_NP1 Francisco_NP1 that_CST echoes_VVZ a_AT1 much_RR broader_JJR campaign_NN1 in_II Europe_NP1 and_CC Asia_NP1 ._. 
Whether_CSW because_II21 of_II22 cost_NN1 ,_, convenience_NN1 or_CC environmental_JJ awareness_NN1 ,_, a_AT1 small_JJ but_CCB growing_JJ number_NN1 of_IO people_NN are_VBR making_VVG individual_JJ decisions_NN2 to_TO get_VVI rid_VVN of_IO their_APPGE automobiles_NN2 and_CC rely_VV0 on_II public_JJ transportation_NN1 ,_, car-sharing_JJ programs_NN2 and_CC rental_NN1 cars_NN2 ._. 
"_" There_EX 's_VBZ a_AT1 cultural_JJ change_NN1 taking_VVG place_NN1 ,_, "_" said_VVD John_NP1 Casesa_NP1 ,_, a_AT1 veteran_JJ auto_NN1 industry_NN1 analyst_NN1 and_CC partner_NN1 in_II the_AT Casesa_NP1 Shapiro_NP1 Group_NN1 ._. 
"_" It_PPH1 's_VBZ partly_RR because_II21 of_II22 the_AT severe_JJ economic_JJ contraction_NN1 ._. 
But_CCB younger_JJR consumers_NN2 are_VBR viewing_VVG an_AT1 automobile_NN1 with_IW a_AT1 jaundiced_JJ eye_NN1 ._. 
They_PPHS2 do_VD0 n't_XX view_VVI the_AT car_NN1 the_AT way_NN1 their_APPGE parents_NN2 did_VDD ,_, and_CC they_PPHS2 do_VD0 n't_XX have_VHI the_AT money_NN1 that_CST their_APPGE parents_NN2 did_VDD ._. "_" 
Jessica_NP1 Gitner_NP1 ,_, a_AT1 California_NP1 native_JJ ,_, inherited_VVD her_APPGE parents_NN2 '_GE used_JJ 1987_MC Nissan_NP1 Maxima_NN2 station_NN1 wagon_NN1 when_CS she_PPHS1 turned_VVD 16_MC and_CC drove_VVD it_PPH1 44_MC miles_NNU2 a_AT1 day_NNT1 round-trip_NN1 to_II high_JJ school_NN1 ._. 
But_CCB when_CS she_PPHS1 moved_VVD to_II Washington_NP1 ,_, D.C._NP1 ,_, Ms._NNB Gitner_NP1 ,_, a_AT1 music_NN1 intern_NN1 at_II National_JJ Public_JJ Radio_NN1 ,_, vowed_VVD to_TO get_VVI along_RP without_IW a_AT1 car_NN1 ._. 
She_PPHS1 now_RT rides_VVZ her_APPGE bike_NN1 as_II31 well_II32 as_II33 the_AT Metro_NP1 ._. 
"_" I_PPIS1 'm_VBM a_AT1 recent_JJ college_NN1 graduate_NN1 ,_, and_CC like_II many_DA2 who_PNQS are_VBR in_II the_AT same_DA boat_NN1 ,_, I_PPIS1 'm_VBM struggling_VVG to_TO earn_VVI enough_DD for_IF rent_NN1 and_CC living_JJ expenses_NN2 ,_, "_" said_VVD Ms._NNB Gitner_NP1 ,_, 22_MC ._. 
"_" I_PPIS1 do_VD0 n't_XX have_VHI health_NN1 insurance_NN1 ._. 
I_PPIS1 'd_VM rather_RR spend_VVI money_NN1 on_II that_DD1 than_CSN a_AT1 car_NN1 ._. "_" 
Yet_RR Ms._NNB Gitner_NP1 says_VVZ it_PPH1 is_VBZ impractical_JJ to_TO expect_VVI Americans_NN2 without_IW access_NN1 to_II public_JJ transportation_NN1 to_TO get_VVI along_RP without_IW automobiles_NN2 ,_, and_CC experts_NN2 agree_VV0 ._. 
Millions_NNO2 of_IO people_NN face_VV0 long_RR commutes_VVZ ,_, along_II21 with_II22 ferrying_VVG kids_NN2 to_II school_NN1 and_CC activities_NN2 ,_, and_CC countless_JJ errands_NN2 that_CST can_VM not_XX be_VBI conducted_VVN via_II bus_NN1 or_CC streetcar_NN1 ._. 
Beyond_II that_DD1 ,_, there_EX will_VM always_RR be_VBI a_AT1 group_NN1 of_IO customers_NN2 who_PNQS want_VV0 the_AT latest_JJT ,_, hottest_JJT ,_, sexiest_JJT car_NN1 that_CST automakers_NN2 put_VVN on_II the_AT market_NN1 ._. 
Lust_NN1 for_IF sports_NN2 cars_NN2 endures_VVZ among_II auto_NN1 enthusiasts_NN2 ,_, as_CSA the_AT strong_JJ early_JJ response_NN1 for_IF the_AT Chevrolet_NP1 Camaro_NP1 proved_VVD last_MD summer_NNT1 ,_, and_CC automakers_NN2 are_VBR hoping_VVG that_CST the_AT burst_NN1 of_IO sales_NN that_CST accompanied_VVD the_AT government_NN1 's_GE cash-for-clunkers_NN2 program_NN1 may_VM linger_VVI into_II the_AT early_JJ part_NN1 of_IO the_AT 2010_MC model_NN1 year_NNT1 ._. 
But_CCB between_II the_AT two_MC extremes_NN2 lies_VVZ a_AT1 growing_JJ middle_JJ ground_NN1 of_IO people_NN who_PNQS have_VH0 reassessed_VVN their_APPGE transportation_NN1 needs_VVZ because_II21 of_II22 both_DB2 the_AT financial_JJ crisis_NN1 that_CST rocked_VVD their_APPGE budgets_NN2 and_CC their_APPGE desire_NN1 to_TO help_VVI the_AT planet_NN1 ._. 
"_" People_NN are_VBR questioning_JJ car_NN1 purchases_VVZ more_DAR than_CSN we_PPIS2 've_VH0 ever_RR seen_VVN in_II recent_JJ history_NN1 ,_, "_" said_VVD Jesse_NP1 Toprak_NP1 ,_, vice_JJ president_NN1 of_IO industry_NN1 trends_NN2 and_CC insights_NN2 for_IF TrueCar_NP1 ,_, a_AT1 company_NN1 that_CST tracks_VVZ car-buying_JJ habits_NN2 ._. 
Young_NP1 ,_, cash-strapped_JJ consumers_NN2 are_VBR delaying_VVG their_APPGE first_MD purchases_NN2 longer_RRR ,_, he_PPHS1 said_VVD ,_, robbing_VVG automakers_NN2 of_IO the_AT chance_NN1 to_TO attract_VVI them_PPHO2 early_JJ and_CC keep_VVI their_APPGE business_NN1 as_CSA they_PPHS2 move_VV0 up_RP in_II life_NN1 ._. 
Across_II the_AT country_NN1 ,_, empty_JJ nesters_NN2 are_VBR moving_VVG back_RP into_II cities_NN2 and_CC shedding_VVG their_APPGE cars_NN2 ._. 
Toyota_NP1 has_VHZ identified_VVN 60_MC locales_NN2 where_CS it_PPH1 has_VHZ seen_VVN this_DD1 occur_VV0 ,_, according_II21 to_II22 James_NP1 E._NP1 Lentz_NP1 ,_, the_AT president_NN1 of_IO Toyota_NP1 Motor_NN1 Sales_NN U.S.A._NP1 ,_, and_CC it_PPH1 has_VHZ begun_VVN thinking_VVG about_II whether_CSW it_PPH1 needs_VVZ to_TO open_VVI satellite_NN1 offices_NN2 to_TO serve_VVI customers_NN2 who_PNQS 've_VH0 moved_VVN away_II21 from_II22 suburban_JJ dealerships_NN2 ._. 
Meanwhile_RR ,_, Mr._NNB Toprak_NP1 said_VVD he_PPHS1 was_VBDZ seeing_VVG data_NN that_CST suggested_VVD car_NN1 owners_NN2 who_PNQS remained_VVD in_II the_AT suburbs_NN2 were_VBDR downsizing_VVG from_II three_MC cars_NN2 or_CC more_RRR to_II one_MC1 or_CC two_MC ._. 
Further_RRR ,_, there_EX is_VBZ a_AT1 significant_JJ move_NN1 toward_II smaller_JJR vehicles_NN2 ,_, whether_CSW buyers_NN2 are_VBR purchasing_VVG S.U.V._NP1 's_GE or_CC cars_NN2 ,_, he_PPHS1 said_VVD ._. 
The_AT shift_NN1 shows_VVZ up_RP in_II the_AT average_JJ price_NN1 paid_VVN for_IF a_AT1 car_NN1 ._. 
According_II21 to_II22 TrueCar_NP1 's_GE data_NN ,_, it_PPH1 hovered_VVD at_II around_RG $28,000_NNU for_IF months_NNT2 ,_, but_CCB plummeted_VVD this_DD1 summer_NNT1 to_II about_RG $25,000_NNU ,_, the_AT biggest_JJT drop_VV0 the_AT company_NN1 had_VHD seen_VVN since_CS it_PPH1 began_VVD tracking_JJ car_NN1 prices_NN2 in_II 2000_MC ._. 
The_AT decline_NN1 was_VBDZ a_AT1 direct_JJ result_NN1 of_IO cash_NN1 for_IF clunkers_NN2 ,_, which_DDQ offered_VVD incentives_NN2 of_IO up_RG21 to_RG22 $4,500_NNU for_IF people_NN who_PNQS traded_VVD gas-guzzlers_NN2 for_IF more_RGR efficient_JJ models_NN2 ._. 
Atop_II the_AT list_NN1 of_IO the_AT most_RGT popular_JJ replacements_NN2 was_VBDZ the_AT compact_JJ Toyota_NP1 Corolla_NP1 ,_, which_DDQ starts_VVZ at_II just_RR above_II $15,000_NNU ._. 
"_" The_AT fundamental_JJ difference_NN1 in_II car_NN1 buying_NN1 now_RT is_VBZ that_CST it_PPH1 's_VBZ a_RR21 lot_RR22 more_RGR practical_JJ ,_, rather_II21 than_II22 emotional_JJ ,_, "_" Mr._NNB Toprak_NP1 said_VVD ._. 
"_" That_DD1 will_VM continue_VVI to_TO be_VBI the_AT case_NN1 until_CS we_PPIS2 have_VH0 a_AT1 full_JJ recovery_NN1 in_II the_AT marketplace_NN1 ._. "_" 
This_DD1 new_JJ atmosphere_NN1 poses_VVZ a_AT1 challenge_NN1 for_IF the_AT automakers_NN2 ,_, which_DDQ can_VM no_RR21 longer_RR22 draw_VVI from_II their_APPGE experience_NN1 of_IO the_AT past_JJ to_TO predict_VVI the_AT future_NN1 ._. 
"_" They_PPHS2 're_VBR having_VHG a_AT1 very_RG hard_JJ time_NNT1 grappling_VVG with_IW these_DD2 trends_NN2 ,_, "_" Mr._NNB Casesa_NP1 said_VVD ._. 
What_DDQ ,_, exactly_RR ,_, should_VM they_PPHS2 be_VBI designing_VVG and_CC selling_VVG ?_? 
If_CS gas_NN1 prices_NN2 spike_VV0 again_RT ,_, are_VBR they_PPHS2 ready_VV0 with_IW smaller_JJR automobiles_NN2 that_CST were_VBDR in_II hot_JJ demand_NN1 during_II 2008_MC ?_? 
Should_VM they_PPHS2 shy_VVI away_II21 from_II22 luxury_JJ cars_NN2 and_CC big_JJ sport_NN1 utilities_NN2 for_IF fear_NN1 that_CST consumers_NN2 will_VM no_RR longer_RRR be_VBI willing_JJ to_TO spend_VVI the_AT money_NN1 ?_? 
And_CC what_DDQ if_CS the_AT world_NN1 reaches_VVZ a_AT1 point_NN1 where_RRQ people_NN do_VD0 n't_XX want_VVI cars_NN2 ,_, period_NN1 ,_, but_CCB still_RR need_VV0 something_PN1 to_TO transport_VVI them_PPHO2 ?_? 
How_RGQ much_DA1 time_NNT1 and_CC money_NN1 do_VD0 they_PPHS2 spend_VVI on_II developing_VVG alternative_JJ modes_NN2 of_IO transportation_NN1 --_NN1 and_CC given_CS21 that_CS22 smaller_JJR cars_NN2 yield_VV0 much_DA1 less_DAR in_II profits_NN2 than_CSN big_JJ ones_NN2 ,_, how_RGQ much_DA1 will_VM they_PPHS2 even_RR have_VHI available_JJ to_TO spend_VVI ?_? 
"_" The_AT behavior_NN1 that_CST changed_VVD in_II the_AT past_JJ year_NNT1 is_VBZ going_VVGK to_TO take_VVI a_AT1 while_NNT1 to_TO change_VVI back_RP ,_, "_" Mr._NNB Toprak_NP1 said_VVD ._. 
"_" It_PPH1 's_VBZ engrained_VVN in_II our_APPGE memories_NN2 now_CS21 that_CS22 we_PPIS2 should_VM n't_XX splurge_VVI on_II car_NN1 purchases_NN2 because_CS we_PPIS2 do_VD0 n't_XX know_VVI what_DDQ 's_VBZ going_VVGK to_TO happen_VVI next_MD year_NNT1 ._. 
It_PPH1 is_VBZ not_XX a_AT1 massive_JJ exodus_NN1 from_II car_NN1 ownership_NN1 ,_, but_CCB it_PPH1 is_VBZ a_AT1 trend_NN1 that_CST will_VM be_VBI with_IW us_PPIO2 in_II the_AT future_NN1 ._. "_" 
In_II an_AT1 earlier_JJR time_NNT1 ,_, automakers_NN2 might_VM have_VHI turned_VVN a_AT1 blind_JJ eye_NN1 to_II all_DB these_DD2 developments_NN2 ,_, writing_VVG the_AT period_NN1 off_RP simply_RR as_CSA the_AT latest_JJT cyclical_JJ downturn_NN1 ._. 
But_CCB with_IW Chrysler_NP1 and_CC General_JJ Motors_NN2 making_VVG trips_NN2 through_II bankruptcy_NN1 this_DD1 past_JJ year_NNT1 ,_, at_II a_AT1 cost_NN1 of_IO $55_NNU billion_NNO in_II taxpayer_NN1 money_NN1 ,_, and_CC with_IW President_NNB Obama_NP1 an_AT1 avid_JJ proponent_NN1 of_IO higher_JJR fuel_NN1 economy_NN1 ,_, carmakers_NN2 can_VM not_XX afford_VVI to_TO follow_VVI their_APPGE old_JJ instincts_NN2 ._. 
Indeed_RR ,_, no_PN121 one_PN122 in_II Detroit_NP1 ,_, at_RR21 least_RR22 ,_, thinks_VVZ record_NN1 sales_NN will_VM come_VVI back_RP any_DD time_NNT1 soon_RR ,_, if_CS at_RR21 all_RR22 ._. 
In_II a_AT1 chat_NN1 last_MD month_NNT1 on_II Twitter_NN1 ,_, G.M._NP1 's_GE executive_NN1 vice_II president_NN1 ,_, Robert_NP1 A._NP1 Lutz_NP1 ,_, said_VVD the_AT automaker_NN1 expected_VVD the_AT market_NN1 to_TO peak_VVI at_II 13_MC million_NNO to_II 14_MC million_NNO sales_NN a_AT1 year_NNT1 ,_, but_CCB not_XX in_II the_AT near_JJ future_NN1 ._. 
TrueCar_NN1 forecasts_VVZ it_PPH1 could_VM take_VVI three_MC to_II five_MC years_NNT2 to_TO climb_VVI to_II those_DD2 levels_NN2 ._. 
Few_DA2 experts_NN2 are_VBR willing_JJ to_TO predict_VVI when_RRQ the_AT industry_NN1 might_VM return_VVI to_TO record_VVI levels_NN2 above_II 17_MC million_NNO ,_, last_MD seen_VVN in_II the_AT middle_NN1 of_IO this_DD1 decade_NNT1 ._. 
The_AT tough_JJ economy_NN1 and_CC interest_NN1 in_II the_AT environment_NN1 mean_VV0 a_AT1 whole_JJ new_JJ language_NN1 for_IF companies_NN2 that_CST previously_RR boasted_VVD about_II engine_NN1 displacements_NN2 and_CC torque_NN1 ._. 
Now_RT ,_, their_APPGE vocabularies_NN2 have_VH0 to_TO include_VVI words_NN2 like_II "_" sustainability_NN1 "_" and_CC "_" battery_NN1 range_NN1 ._. "_" 
Most_DAT important_JJ ,_, they_PPHS2 can_VM no_RR21 longer_RR22 assume_VVI that_CST simply_RR selling_VVG the_AT sizzle_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 new_JJ car_NN1 will_VM be_VBI enough_DD to_TO satisfy_VVI a_AT1 newly_RR aware_JJ group_NN1 of_IO consumers_NN2 ._. 
So_RR companies_NN2 that_CST previously_RR pushed_VVN horsepower_NN1 are_VBR devoting_VVG resources_NN2 to_II developing_VVG "_" personal_JJ mobility_NN1 devices_NN2 ,_, "_" a_AT1 category_NN1 meant_VVD to_TO fill_VVI the_AT space_NN1 between_II car_NN1 and_CC carless_JJ ._. 
Initial_JJ efforts_NN2 have_VH0 led_VVN to_II some_DD offerings_NN2 that_CST look_VV0 like_II unicycles_NN2 ,_, such_II21 as_II22 the_AT U3-X_NP1 ,_, an_AT1 experimental_JJ electric-powered_JJ device_NN1 that_CST Honda_NP1 introduced_VVD in_II September_NPM1 ._. 
Thanks_II21 to_II22 a_AT1 special_JJ balance_NN1 device_NN1 ,_, the_AT U3-X_NP1 remains_VVZ permanently_RR upright_RL and_CC sets_VVZ off_RP when_CS the_AT driver_NN1 leans_VVZ backward_RL or_CC forward_RL ._. 
G.M._NP1 has_VHZ a_AT1 device_NN1 called_VVN P.U.M.A._NP1 ,_, for_IF personal_JJ urban_JJ mobility_NN1 and_CC accessibility_NN1 ,_, which_DDQ it_PPH1 developed_VVD with_IW Segway_NP1 ._. 
Some_DD have_VH0 likened_VVN it_PPH1 to_II a_AT1 covered_JJ scooter_NN1 or_CC even_RR a_AT1 baby_NN1 carriage_NN1 ,_, but_CCB such_DA devices_NN2 show_VV0 that_CST even_CS21 if_CS22 car_NN1 companies_NN2 ca_VM n't_XX sell_VVI cars_NN2 ,_, they_PPHS2 want_VV0 to_TO stay_VVI in_II the_AT transportation_NN1 business_NN1 ._. 
For_IF now_RT ,_, the_AT devices_NN2 most_RGT likely_JJ are_VBR headed_VVN for_IF emerging_JJ markets_NN2 like_II India_NP1 and_CC China_NP1 ,_, where_CS car_NN1 ownership_NN1 can_VM be_VBI impractical_JJ because_II21 of_II22 both_RR cost_VV0 and_CC congestion_NN1 ,_, said_VVD Christopher_NP1 E._NP1 Borroni-Bird_NP1 ,_, G.M._NP1 's_GE director_NN1 of_IO Advanced_JJ Technology_NN1 Vehicle_NN1 Concepts_NN2 ._. 
Even_CS21 if_CS22 someone_PN1 can_VM afford_VVI a_AT1 car_NN1 ,_, he_PPHS1 said_VVD ,_, dense_JJ traffic_NN1 might_VM defeat_VVI the_AT purpose_NN1 ._. 
"_" Car-free_RR might_VM not_XX be_VBI what_DDQ these_DD2 people_NN are_VBR looking_VVG for_IF ,_, but_CCB they_PPHS2 need_VV0 some_DD sort_NN1 of_IO transportation_NN1 ,_, "_" he_PPHS1 said_VVD ._. 
Yet_RR to_II some_DD consumers_NN2 ,_, cars_NN2 simply_RR are_VBR not_XX as_CSA necessary_JJ --_NN1 or_CC meaningful_JJ --_NN1 as_CSA they_PPHS2 were_VBDR in_II the_AT past_NN1 ._. 
Ian_NP1 Deason_NP1 ,_, a_AT1 Detroit-area_JJ native_NN1 who_PNQS is_VBZ the_AT director_NN1 of_IO partnerships_NN2 and_CC alliances_NN2 at_II JetBlue_NP1 Airways_NN2 ,_, got_VVD his_APPGE driver_NN1 's_GE license_NN1 the_AT day_NNT1 he_PPHS1 turned_VVD 16_MC and_CC owned_VVD a_AT1 succession_NN1 of_IO cars_NN2 even_RR after_CS he_PPHS1 moved_VVD to_II the_AT Upper_JJ West_ND1 Side_NN1 of_IO Manhattan_NP1 ._. 
In_II a_AT1 previous_JJ assignment_NN1 ,_, Mr._NNB Deason_NP1 drove_VVD his_APPGE Saab_NP1 to_TO work_VVI at_II Kennedy_NP1 Airport_NN1 each_DD1 morning_NNT1 ,_, a_AT1 commute_VV0 of_IO about_RG 35_MC minutes_NNT2 ,_, half_DB the_AT time_NNT1 he_PPHS1 would_VM have_VHI spent_VVN on_II public_JJ transit_NN1 ._. 
"_" The_AT extra_JJ hour_NNT1 to_II an_AT1 hour_NNT1 and_CC a_AT1 half_DB that_CST I_PPIS1 got_VVD every_AT1 day_NNT1 was_VBDZ worth_II the_AT money_NN1 ,_, "_" which_DDQ included_VVD $400_NNU a_AT1 month_NNT1 for_IF parking_NN1 ,_, he_PPHS1 said_VVD ._. 
But_CCB when_CS Mr._NNB Deason_NP1 moved_VVD his_APPGE office_NN1 to_II JetBlue_NP1 's_GE headquarters_NN in_II Queens_NP1 ,_, he_PPHS1 gained_VVD a_AT1 faster_JJR subway_NN1 ride_NN1 and_CC decided_VVD to_TO get_VVI rid_VVN of_IO the_AT car_NN1 ._. 
"_" I_PPIS1 'd_VM love_VVI to_TO say_VVI it_PPH1 was_VBDZ environmental_JJ ,_, but_CCB it_PPH1 was_VBDZ convenience_NN1 ,_, "_" he_PPHS1 said_VVD ._. 
Karla_NP1 Vallance_NP1 ,_, an_AT1 Internet_NN1 consultant_NN1 based_VVN in_II Jamaica_NP1 Plain_NN1 ,_, Mass._NP1 ,_, had_VHD a_AT1 1988_MC BMW_NP1 325ic_FO convertible_NN1 that_CST she_PPHS1 bought_VVD used_JJ while_CS working_VVG for_IF CNN_NP1 in_II Atlanta_NP1 for_IF 17_MC years_NNT2 until_CS this_DD1 summer_NNT1 ,_, when_CS she_PPHS1 finally_RR sold_VVN it_PPH1 ._. 
That_DD1 step_NN1 culminated_VVD a_AT1 yearlong_NN1 process_NN1 in_II which_DDQ Ms._NNB Vallance_NP1 prepared_VVD herself_PPX1 to_TO give_VVI up_RP her_APPGE car_NN1 ,_, commuting_VVG about_RG five_MC miles_NNU2 into_II downtown_JJ Boston_NP1 by_II public_JJ transportation_NN1 ,_, bicycle_NN1 and_CC occasionally_RR on_II foot_NN1 ._. 
Her_APPGE final_JJ decision_NN1 to_TO sell_VVI came_VVD when_RRQ she_PPHS1 faced_VVD spending_VVG $1,000_NNU in_II repairs_NN2 on_II the_AT car_NN1 ,_, for_IF which_DDQ she_PPHS1 had_VHD recently_RR purchased_VVN four_MC new_JJ tires_VVZ ._. 
"_" It_PPH1 just_RR seemed_VVD insane_JJ to_TO keep_VVI it_PPH1 when_CS I_PPIS1 used_VVD it_PPH1 so_RG little_DA1 ,_, "_" she_PPHS1 said_VVD ._. 
Even_RR21 so_RR22 ,_, her_APPGE separation_NN1 anxiety_NN1 was_VBDZ palpable_JJ ._. 
"_" It_PPH1 's_VBZ a_AT1 huge_JJ psychological_JJ step_NN1 ._. 
I_PPIS1 so_RR loved_VVD my_APPGE car_NN1 --_NN1 those_DD2 old_JJ Beemers_NP2 are_VBR fabulous_JJ ._. "_" 
Ms._NNB Vallance_NP1 is_VBZ is_VBZ vowing_VVG to_TO live_VVI car-free_JJ as_CS31 long_CS32 as_CS33 she_PPHS1 can_VM ._. 
"_" It_PPH1 feels_VVZ good_JJ ,_, "_" she_PPHS1 said_VVD ,_, "_" and_CC as_CS31 long_CS32 as_CS33 I_PPIS1 live_VV0 in_II a_AT1 city_NN1 with_IW such_DA easy_JJ access_NN1 to_II excellent_JJ public_JJ transportation_NN1 ,_, it_PPH1 's_VBZ kind_RR21 of_RR22 a_AT1 no-brainer_NN1 ._. "_" 
Those_DD2 twin_JJ factors_NN2 of_IO need_NN1 and_CC desire_NN1 eventually_RR may_VM work_VVI to_II the_AT automakers_NN2 '_GE favor_NN1 ,_, Mr._NNB Toprak_NP1 of_IO TrueCar_NP1 said_VVD ,_, especially_RR as_CSA the_AT companies_NN2 tout_VV0 their_APPGE vehicles_NN2 '_GE improved_JJ fuel_NN1 economy_NN1 and_CC environmental_JJ friendliness_NN1 ._. 
An_AT1 emphasis_NN1 on_II the_AT environment_NN1 has_VHZ been_VBN an_AT1 important_JJ focus_NN1 for_IF the_AT Ford_NP1 Motor_NN1 Company_NN1 ,_, which_DDQ did_VDD not_XX join_VVI G.M._NP1 and_CC Chrysler_NP1 in_II accepting_VVG federal_JJ assistance_NN1 ,_, and_CC whose_DDQGE executive_NN1 chairman_NN1 ,_, William_NP1 Clay_NP1 Ford_NP1 Jr._NNA ,_, has_VHZ espoused_VVN environmental_JJ causes_NN2 for_IF much_DA1 of_IO his_APPGE adult_NN1 life_NN1 ._. 
Mr._NNB Ford_NP1 ,_, who_PNQS served_VVD as_RG chief_JJ executive_NN1 at_II Ford_NP1 from_II 2001-6_MCMC ,_, backtracked_VVD on_II several_DA2 promises_NN2 made_VVN while_CS he_PPHS1 was_VBDZ in_II the_AT job_NN1 ,_, to_TO improve_VVI the_AT fuel_NN1 economy_NN1 of_IO sport_NN1 utility_NN1 vehicles_NN2 by_II 25_MC percent_NNU and_CC to_TO introduce_VVI more_RGR hybrid_JJ electric_JJ vehicles_NN2 ._. 
But_CCB since_II naming_VVG Alan_NP1 R._NP1 Mulally_NP1 as_CSA his_APPGE successor_NN1 three_MC years_NNT2 ago_RA ,_, Ford_NP1 seems_VVZ to_TO have_VHI again_RT embraced_VVN the_AT need_NN1 to_TO go_VVI green_JJ ._. 
It_PPH1 is_VBZ introducing_VVG smaller_JJR vehicles_NN2 based_VVN on_II fuel-efficient_JJ models_NN2 from_II Ford_NP1 's_GE lineup_NN1 in_II Europe_NP1 ._. 
Other_JJ companies_NN2 also_RR are_VBR emphasizing_VVG the_AT environment_NN1 with_IW their_APPGE new_JJ models_NN2 ,_, particularly_RR Toyota_NP1 and_CC Honda_NP1 ,_, which_DDQ each_DD1 introduced_VVD redesigned_JJ versions_NN2 of_IO their_APPGE hybrid-electric_JJ cars_NN2 this_DD1 year_NNT1 ._. 
Toyota_NP1 also_RR has_VHZ brought_VVN out_RP the_AT luxury_JJ market_NN1 's_GE first_MD car_NN1 expressly_RR designed_VVN as_II a_AT1 hybrid_NN1 ,_, the_AT Lexus_NP1 HS_NP2 ._. 
More_RGR alternative_JJ fuel_NN1 vehicles_NN2 are_VBR on_II the_AT way_NN1 ,_, led_VVN by_II the_AT Chevrolet_NP1 Volt_NNU1 ,_, a_AT1 plug-in_JJ hybrid_NN1 that_CST is_VBZ expected_VVN to_TO debut_NN1 in_II late_JJ 2010_MC ._. 
Each_DD1 model_NN1 moves_VVZ the_AT industry_NN1 farther_RRR away_II21 from_II22 sole_JJ reliance_NN1 on_II internal_JJ combustion_NN1 engines_NN2 ._. 
"_" We_PPIS2 've_VH0 taken_VVN the_AT lap_NN1 ,_, "_" Mr._NNB Borroni-Bird_NP1 said_VVD ._. 
At_RR21 least_RR22 in_II the_AT short_JJ term_NN1 ,_, automakers_NN2 face_VV0 an_AT1 imperative_JJ to_TO make_VVI sure_JJ that_CST the_AT fundamental_JJ basis_NN1 of_IO their_APPGE business_NN1 --_NN1 selling_VVG cars_NN2 --_NN1 remains_VVZ intact_JJ ._. 
Despite_II selling_VVG her_APPGE BMW_NP1 ,_, Ms._NNB Vallance_NP1 said_VVD she_PPHS1 could_VM consider_VVI purchasing_VVG a_AT1 car_NN1 again_RT if_CS she_PPHS1 moves_VVZ to_II a_AT1 less_RGR pedestrian-friendly_JJ locale_NN1 ._. 
Added_VVD Mr._NNB Deason_NP1 ,_, "_" Call_VV0 me_PPIO1 a_AT1 Detroit_NP1 kid_NN1 at_II heart_NN1 ,_, but_CCB I_PPIS1 miss_VV0 driving_JJ ._. "_" 
