The_AT Goals_NN2 of_IO Color_NN1 Correction_NN1 There_EX are_VBR two_MC primary_JJ objectives_NN2 in_II basic_JJ color_NN1 correction_NN1 :_: spread_VV0 your_APPGE tonal_JJ range_NN1 and_CC balance_VV0 the_AT colors_NN2 ._. 
There_EX are_VBR a_AT1 lot_NN1 of_IO other_JJ important_JJ goals_NN2 ,_, including_II matching_JJ shots_NN2 from_II one_PN1 to_II another_DD1 ,_, helping_VVG to_TO tell_VVI the_AT story_NN1 ,_, and_CC making_VVG the_AT images_NN2 "_" pop_VV0 "_" or_CC "_" read_VVD ._. "_" 
But_CCB we_PPIS2 'll_VM focus_VVI on_II spreading_VVG the_AT tonal_JJ range_NN1 and_CC balancing_VVG colors_NN2 in_II this_DD1 initial_JJ chapter_NN1 ._. 
Spreading_VVG the_AT tonal_JJ range_NN1 means_VVZ that_CST you_PPY take_VV0 full_JJ advantage_NN1 of_IO the_AT tonal_JJ range_NN1 of_IO your_APPGE display_NN1 medium_NN1 ._. 
In_II most_DAT cases_NN2 this_DD1 means_VVZ maximizing_VVG the_AT number_NN1 of_IO levels_NN2 of_IO gray_JJ between_II the_AT deepest_JJT black_JJ and_CC the_AT brightest_JJT white_JJ that_CST your_APPGE display_NN1 or_CC broad-cast_VV0 specifications_NN2 can_VM reproduce_VVI ._. 
For_IF most_DAT people_NN reading_VVG this_DD1 book_NN1 ,_, that_DD1 means_VVZ a_AT1 TV_NN1 screen_NN1 or_CC maybe_RR a_AT1 computer_NN1 display_NN1 ._. 
It_PPH1 can_VM also_RR mean_VVI prepping_VVG the_AT image_NN1 for_IF a_AT1 digital_JJ intermediate_JJ transfer_NN1 to_II film_NN1 ._. 
Tonal_JJ range_NN1 corrections_NN2 do_VD0 not_XX always_RR have_VHI to_TO spread_VVI completely_RR from_II 0%_NNU black_JJ to_II 100%_NNU white_JJ ,_, but_CCB oftentimes_RR they_PPHS2 do_VD0 ._. 
The_AT tonal_JJ range_NN1 is_VBZ the_AT difference_NN1 between_II the_AT brightest_JJT and_CC darkest_JJT areas_NN2 of_IO the_AT image_NN1 ._. 
The_AT tonal_JJ range_NN1 of_IO the_AT image_NN1 --_NN1 and_CC how_RRQ those_DD2 tones_NN2 are_VBR spread_VVN throughout_II the_AT tonal_JJ range_NN1 --_NN1 defines_VVZ its_APPGE contrast_NN1 ._. 
For_IF some_DD applications_NN2 of_IO this_DD1 phrase_NN1 ,_, tonal_JJ range_NN1 indicates_VVZ the_AT actual_JJ number_NN1 of_IO levels_NN2 of_IO tones_NN2 that_CST a_AT1 recording_NN1 medium_NN1 can_VM record_VVI (_( 256_MC per_II channel_NN1 in_II the_AT case_NN1 of_IO RGB_NP1 8_MC bit_NN1 ,_, or_CC 1025_MC per_II channel_NN1 in_II the_AT case_NN1 of_IO RGB_NP1 10_MC bit_NN1 )_) ._. 
For_IF our_APPGE purposes_NN2 ,_, we_PPIS2 will_VM refer_VVI to_II tonal_JJ range_NN1 (_( singular_NN1 )_) as_II the_AT range_NN1 of_IO tones_NN2 between_II brightest_JJT and_CC darkest_JJT ._. 
Ansel_VV0 Adams_NP1 and_CC other_JJ proponents_NN2 of_IO the_AT Zone_NN1 System_NN1 break_VV0 the_AT tonal_JJ range_NN1 of_IO an_AT1 image_NN1 into_II 11_MC distinct_JJ tonal_JJ ranges_NN2 ._. 
Balancing_VVG the_AT colors_NN2 means_VVZ that_CST any_DD unwanted_JJ color_NN1 casts_NN2 are_VBR eliminated_VVN ._. 
The_AT reason_NN1 for_IF the_AT term_NN1 "_" balancing_NN1 "_" will_VM become_VVI more_RGR obvious_JJ as_CSA we_PPIS2 start_VV0 to_TO examine_VVI and_CC analyze_VVI our_APPGE images_NN2 with_IW a_AT1 number_NN1 of_IO different_JJ tools_NN2 ._. 
Color_NN1 casts_VVZ in_II images_NN2 are_VBR sometimes_RT desired_VVN ,_, for_REX21 example_REX22 ,_, the_AT warm_JJ ,_, red_JJ tones_NN2 of_IO a_AT1 sunset_NN1 or_CC the_AT sad_JJ ,_, blue_JJ ,_, coolness_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 rainy_JJ day_NNT1 ._. 
These_DD2 are_VBR color_NN1 casts_VVZ that_CST often_RR serve_VV0 the_AT story_NN1 ,_, so_CS we_PPIS2 need_VV0 to_TO be_VBI careful_JJ not_XX to_TO eliminate_VVI them_PPHO2 ._. 
Examples_NN2 of_IO color_NN1 casts_VVZ that_CST are_VBR undesirable_JJ are_VBR usually_RR caused_VVN by_II video_NN1 cameras_NN2 that_CST have_VH0 n't_XX been_VBN white_JJ balanced_JJ properly_RR or_CC film_NN1 footage_NN1 shot_VVN with_IW the_AT wrong_JJ filter_NN1 for_IF the_AT combination_NN1 of_IO film_NN1 stock_NN1 and_CC light_JJ temperature_NN1 ._. 
Much_DA1 of_IO the_AT information_NN1 that_CST viewers_NN2 use_VV0 to_TO understand_VVI and_CC interpret_VVI the_AT image_NN1 is_VBZ based_VVN on_II the_AT tonal_JJ range_NN1 or_CC contrast_NN1 between_II brights_JJ and_CC darks_NN2 ._. 
In_II most_DAT cases_NN2 we_PPIS2 want_VV0 to_TO give_VVI viewers_NN2 as_RG much_DA1 information_NN1 as_CSA possible_JJ ,_, but_CCB sometimes_RT you_PPY do_VD0 n't_XX ,_, like_II the_AT case_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 thriller_NN1 or_CC horror_NN1 movie_NN1 where_CS you_PPY may_VM be_VBI trying_VVG to_TO hide_VVI things_NN2 in_II the_AT shadows_NN2 ._. 
The_AT first_MD step_NN1 in_II determining_VVG the_AT proper_JJ tonal_JJ range_NN1 where_CS your_APPGE image_NN1 should_VM "_" live_RR "_" is_VBZ setting_VVG the_AT proper_JJ level_NN1 for_IF blacks_NN2 or_CC shadows_NN2 ._. 
The_AT first_MD step_NN1 in_II determining_VVG the_AT proper_JJ tonal_JJ range_NN1 where_CS your_APPGE "_" live_JJ "_" is_VBZ setting_VVG the_AT proper_JJ level_NN1 for_IF blacks_NN2 or_CC shadows_NN2 ._. 
Setting_VVG the_AT black_JJ level_NN1 is_VBZ almost_RR always_RR the_AT place_NN1 where_RRQ any_DD experienced_JJ colorist_NN1 starts_VVZ a_AT1 correction_NN1 ._. 
So_RR the_AT question_NN1 for_IF a_AT1 beginner_NN1 is_VBZ ,_, "_" Where_RRQ do_VD0 I_PPIS1 set_VVI the_AT proper_JJ black_JJ level_NN1 ,_, and_CC how_RRQ do_VD0 I_PPIS1 know_VVI what_DDQ I_PPIS1 should_VM set_VVI it_PPH1 to_II ?_? "_" 
This_DD1 book_NN1 is_VBZ product_NN1 and_CC platform_NN1 agnostic_NN1 ._. 
In_II other_JJ words_NN2 ,_, this_DD1 book_NN1 is_VBZ less_RRR about_II what_DDQ buttons_VVZ to_TO push_VVI on_II specific_JJ pieces_NN2 of_IO hardware_NN1 or_CC software_NN1 and_CC more_RRR about_II understanding_VVG the_AT process_NN1 so_CS21 that_CS22 you_PPY can_VM feel_VVI comfortable_JJ color_NN1 correcting_VVG on_RP almost_RR any_DD application_NN1 that_CST exists_VVZ now_RT or_CC in_II the_AT future_NN1 ._. 
Because_II21 of_II22 that_DD1 ,_, I_PPIS1 'll_VM show_VVI you_PPY the_AT right_JJ buttons_NN2 in_II a_AT1 few_DA2 applications_NN2 ._. 
Hopefully_RR you_PPY 're_VBR using_VVG one_MC1 of_IO the_AT apps_NN2 that_CST I_PPIS1 used_VVD as_II an_AT1 example_NN1 ._. 
Otherwise_RR ,_, look_VV0 for_IF similar_JJ parameters_NN2 in_II the_AT software_NN1 or_CC hardware_NN1 that_CST you_PPY use_VV0 ._. 
Blacks_NN2 are_VBR also_RR known_VVN as_II shadows_NN2 ,_, pedestal_NN1 ,_, set-up_NN1 ,_, or_CC lift_NN1 ,_, depending_II21 on_II22 the_AT application_NN1 ._. 
Setting_VVG the_AT black_JJ level_NN1 usually_RR involves_VVZ adjusting_VVG a_AT1 slider_NN1 called_VVN either_RR "_" blacks_NN2 ,_, "_" "_" shadows_NN2 ,_, "_" "_" set-up_NN1 ,_, "_" "_" lift_VV0 ,_, "_" or_CC "_" pedestal_NN1 ,_, "_" such_II21 as_II22 the_AT controls_NN2 in_II the_AT screen_NN1 shots_NN2 that_CST are_VBR shown_VVN here_RL from_II several_DA2 of_IO the_AT most_RGT widely_RR distributed_VVN applications_NN2 with_IW color_NN1 correction_NN1 capabilities_NN2 ._. 
A_AT1 waveform_NN1 monitor_NN1 displays_VVZ the_AT amplitude_NN1 level_JJ --_JJ brightness_NN1 and_CC darkness_NN1 --_NN1 along_II the_AT vertical_JJ axis_NN1 with_IW the_AT dark_JJ parts_NN2 of_IO the_AT image_NN1 near_II the_AT bottom_NN1 and_CC the_AT brighter_JJR parts_NN2 of_IO the_AT signal_NN1 near_II the_AT top_NN1 ._. 
Technically_RR ,_, the_AT horizontal_JJ axis_NN1 of_IO the_AT waveform_NN1 displays_VVZ time_NNT1 ,_, but_CCB practically_RR speaking_VVG ,_, the_AT horizontal_JJ axis_NN1 of_IO the_AT waveform_NN1 corresponds_VVZ to_II the_AT horizontal_JJ placement_NN1 of_IO picture_NN1 elements_NN2 across_II the_AT image_NN1 with_IW no_AT regard_NN1 to_II the_AT vertical_JJ placement_NN1 of_IO elements_NN2 in_II the_AT image_NN1 ._. 
The_AT waveform_NN1 monitor_NN1 also_RR displays_VVZ chroma_NN1 levels_NN2 ,_, but_CCB these_DD2 are_VBR easier_RRR judged_VVN on_II a_AT1 vectorscope_NN1 ._. 
How_RRQ to_TO determine_VVI the_AT Proper_JJ Black_JJ level_NN1 When_CS I_PPIS1 started_VVD to_TO learn_VVI color_NN1 correction_NN1 ,_, the_AT biggest_JJT mystery_NN1 to_II me_PPIO1 was_VBDZ simply_RR "_" How_RRQ do_VD0 you_PPY know_VVI what_DDQ 's_VBZ right_JJ ?_? "_" 
To_TO set_VVI black_JJ levels_NN2 you_PPY need_VV0 some_DD tools_NN2 for_IF proper_JJ analysis_NN1 of_IO the_AT black_JJ level_NN1 ._. 
Basically_RR that_DD1 means_VVZ a_AT1 waveform_NN1 monitor_NN1 ,_, though_CS there_EX are_VBR other_JJ tools_NN2 that_CST would_VM work_VVI ._. 
We_PPIS2 'll_VM get_VVI into_II the_AT full_JJ range_NN1 of_IO analytical_JJ tools_NN2 later_RRR in_II the_AT book_NN1 ._. 
For_IF now_RT ,_, a_AT1 simple_JJ waveform_NN1 monitor_NN1 will_VM do_VDI ._. 
Do_VD0 n't_XX panic_VVI ._. 
You_PPY do_VD0 n't_XX need_VVI to_TO be_VBI an_AT1 A/V_ZZ1 geek_NN1 or_CC slide_VV0 rule_NN1 engineer_NN1 to_TO understand_VVI this_DD1 display_NN1 ._. 
We_PPIS2 just_RR need_VV0 to_TO know_VVI how_RGQ low_RR we_PPIS2 can_VM go_VVI legally_RR ,_, and_CC that_DD1 's_VBZ pretty_RG simple_JJ ._. 
Firstly_RR ,_, you_PPY need_VV0 to_TO know_VVI what_DDQ "_" legal_JJ black_NN1 "_" is_VBZ on_II your_APPGE system_NN1 or_CC waveform_NN1 monitor_NN1 ._. 
For_IF most_DAT waveform_NN1 monitors_NN2 ,_, black_NN1 is_VBZ at_II 0_MC IRE_NN1 or_CC 0%_NNU or_CC 0_MC millivolts_NN2 ._. 
In_II the_AT United_NP1 States_NP1 ,_, which_DDQ defines_VVZ black_JJ as_CSA 7.5_MC IRE_NN1 for_IF composite_JJ analog_NN1 NTSC_NP1 signals_NN2 ,_, black_NN1 can_VM mean_VVI 7.5_MC IRE_NN1 or_CC 0_MC IRE_NN1 depending_II21 on_II22 the_AT type_NN1 of_IO video_NN1 signal_NN1 ._. 
The_AT easiest_JJT way_NN1 to_TO tell_VVI which_DDQ is_VBZ right_JJ for_IF your_APPGE system_NN1 is_VBZ to_TO feed_VVI "_" filler_NN1 "_" (_( the_AT black_JJ signal_NN1 your_APPGE system_NN1 generates_VVZ whenever_RRQV it_PPH1 does_VDZ n't_XX have_VHI real_JJ video_NN1 to_TO send_VVI )_) to_II the_AT waveform_NN1 monitor_NN1 ._. 
The_AT easiest_JJT way_NN1 to_TO tell_VVI which_DDQ is_VBZ right_JJ for_IF your_APPGE system_NN1 is_VBZ to_TO feed_VVI "_" filler_NN1 "_" (_( the_AT black_JJ signal_NN1 your_APPGE system_NN1 generates_VVZ when-ever_RRQV it_PPH1 does_VDZ n't_XX have_VHI real_JJ video_NN1 to_TO send_VVI )_) to_II the_AT waveform_NN1 monitor_NN1 ._. 
If_CS "_" filler_NN1 "_" is_VBZ 0_MC IRE_NN1 ,_, then_RT your_APPGE goal_NN1 in_II most_DAT color_NN1 correction_NN1 shots_NN2 is_VBZ to_TO get_VVI at_RR21 least_RR22 some_DD portion_NN1 of_IO the_AT picture_NN1 down_RP to_II 0_MC IRE_NN1 ._. 
If_CS you_PPY get_VV0 black_JJ lower_JJR than_CSN 0_MC IRE_NN1 ,_, your_APPGE program_NN1 may_VM not_XX pass_VVI quality_NN1 control_NN1 (_( QC_NN1 )_) if_CS you_PPY are_VBR sending_VVG it_PPH1 for_IF broadcast_NN1 or_CC mass_JJ duplication_NN1 ._. 
I_PPIS1 always_RR suggest_VV0 that_DD1 color_NN1 correction_NN1 be_VBI done_VDN with_IW external_JJ scopes_NN2 ,_, such_II21 as_II22 those_DD2 by_II tektronix_NN1 ,_, leader_NN1 ,_, videotek_VV0 ,_, omnitek_VV0 ,_, and_CC others_NN2 ._. 
These_DD2 scopes_NN2 generally_RR have_VH0 more_DAR power_NN1 and_CC information_NN1 than_CSN internal_JJ scopes_NN2 and_CC give_VV0 you_PPY a_AT1 true_JJ sense_NN1 of_IO the_AT levels_NN2 coming_VVG out_II21 of_II22 your_APPGE system_NN1 because_CS they_PPHS2 are_VBR downstream_RL from_II the_AT video_NN1 card_NN1 ._. 
All_DB internal_JJ monitoring_NN1 ,_, such_II21 as_II22 the_AT scopes_NN2 in_II Color_NN1 or_CC final_JJ Cut_NN1 or_CC avid_JJ ,_, do_VD0 not_XX represent_VVI the_AT actual_JJ video_NN1 signal_NN1 as_CSA it_PPH1 has_VHZ left_VVN your_APPGE system_NN1 ,_, and_CC software_NN1 scopes_NN2 usually_RR do_VD0 not_XX represent_VVI the_AT entire_JJ signal_NN1 ._. 
Due_II21 to_II22 limitations_NN2 in_II the_AT amount_NN1 of_IO computational_JJ power_NN1 required_VVN for_IF these_DD2 displays_NN2 ,_, software_NN1 companies_NN2 often_RR only_RR display_VV0 every_AT1 other_JJ line_NN1 or_CC only_RR every_AT1 fourth_MD line_NN1 of_IO video_NN1 ._. 
Sometimes_RT ,_, having_VHG real_JJ time_NNT1 scopes_NN2 enabled_VVN on_II your_APPGE chosen_JJ Nle_NP1 (_( non_FU linear_JJ editing_NN1 system_NN1 )_) can_VM actually_RR impede_VVI the_AT performance_NN1 of_IO the_AT Nle_NP1 itself_PPX1 as_CSA it_PPH1 tries_VVZ to_TO do_VDI the_AT important_JJ tasks_NN2 that_CST it_PPH1 is_VBZ actually_RR designed_VVN for_IF ._. 
So_RR you_PPY can_VM make_VVI your_APPGE editor_NN1 or_CC compositing_VVG software_NN1 run_VVN better_RRR by_II turning_VVG off_II the_AT internal_JJ scopes_NN2 and_CC running_VVG with_IW a_AT1 good_JJ external_JJ scope_NN1 ._. 
A_AT1 vectorscope_NN1 displays_VVZ chrominance_NN1 and_CC hue_NN1 ._. 
The_AT saturation_NN1 (_( or_CC gain_NN1 )_) of_IO the_AT chroma_NN1 (_( or_CC color_NN1 )_) is_VBZ measured_VVN by_II how_RGQ far_RR it_PPH1 extends_VVZ from_II the_AT center_NN1 of_IO the_AT scope_NN1 ._. 
Neutral_JJ images_NN2 (_( black_JJ ,_, white_JJ ,_, and_CC all_DB levels_NN2 of_IO gray_JJ )_) register_VV0 as_II a_AT1 dot_NN1 in_II the_AT middle_NN1 of_IO the_AT vectorscope_NN1 ._. 
Hue_NN1 is_VBZ indicated_VVN by_II the_AT position_NN1 of_IO the_AT trace_NN1 around_II the_AT perimeter_NN1 of_IO the_AT circle_NN1 ._. 
Vectorscopes_NN2 have_VH0 graticules_NN2 that_CST show_VV0 each_DD1 of_IO six_MC different_JJ colors_NN2 (_( red_NN1 ,_, green_JJ ,_, blue_JJ ,_, magenta_NN1 ,_, cyan_NN1 ,_, and_CC yellow_JJ )_) in_II a_AT1 different_JJ ,_, fixed_JJ vector_NN1 (_( position_NN1 )_) around_II the_AT vectorscope_NN1 ._. 
Color_NN1 includes_VVZ a_AT1 cool_JJ 3D_NNU vectorscope_NN1 that_CST allows_VVZ you_PPY to_TO rotate_VVI the_AT vectorscope_NN1 in_II 3D_NNU space_NN1 to_TO see_VVI luminance_NN1 displayed_VVD as_RR21 well_RR22 ._. 
2D_NNU vectorscopes_NN2 can_VM not_XX display_VVI luminance_NN1 information_NN1 ._. 
Watch_VV0 the_AT video_NN1 tutorial_NN1 "_" Spreading_VVG the_AT tonal_JJ range_NN1 "_" on_II the_AT DVD_NP1 ._. 
The_AT Tektronix_NP1 WFM7120_FO that_CST I_PPIS1 use_VV0 is_VBZ configurable_JJ ,_, and_CC I_PPIS1 have_VH0 it_PPH1 set_VVN to_TO display_VVI blacks_NN2 at_II 0_MC IRE_NN1 ._. 
This_DD1 is_VBZ how_RRQ I_PPIS1 will_VM display_VVI black_JJ throughout_II the_AT book_NN1 unless_CS otherwise_RR noted_VVN ._. 
If_CS your_APPGE black_JJ levels_NN2 are_VBR generally_RR higher_JJR than_CSN 0_MC IRE_NN1 ,_, then_RT your_APPGE picture_NN1 may_VM look_VVI washed_VVN out_RP and_CC flat_NN1 ._. 
We_PPIS2 'll_VM get_VVI more_RRR into_II the_AT complexities_NN2 of_IO the_AT waveform_NN1 monitor_NN1 later_RRR in_II the_AT book_NN1 ._. 
Using_VVG your_APPGE waveform_NN1 monitor_NN1 in_II luma_NNU only_JJ mode_NN1 ,_, and_CC knowing_VVG where_RRQ your_APPGE black_JJ level_NN1 should_VM be_VBI by_II looking_VVG at_II filler_NN1 ,_, you_PPY can_VM use_VVI one_MC1 of_IO the_AT tools_NN2 in_II Figures_NN2 1-1_MCMC to_II 1-5_MCMC to_TO set_VVI your_APPGE black_JJ level_NN1 to_II the_AT proper_JJ position_NN1 on_II some_DD real_JJ video_NN1 ._. 
You_PPY can_VM use_VVI your_APPGE own_DA video_NN1 footage_NN1 for_IF this_DD1 exercise_NN1 ,_, or_CC load_VV0 one_MC1 of_IO the_AT video_NN1 examples_NN2 from_II the_AT DVD_NP1 ._. 
For_IF the_AT purpose_NN1 of_IO this_DD1 tutorial_NN1 ,_, we_PPIS2 'll_VM use_VVI the_AT FCP_NP1 Color_NN1 Corrector_NN1 filter_NN1 and_CC the_AT file_NN1 from_II the_AT DVD_NP1 called_VVD "_" ChromaDuMondeoverbal.mov_NP1 ._. "_" 
I_PPIS1 suggest_VV0 you_PPY drag_VV0 all_DB of_IO the_AT tutorial_NN1 video_NN1 files_NN2 to_II your_APPGE internal_JJ hard_JJ drive_NN1 or_CC a_AT1 media_NN drive_VV0 from_II the_AT DVD_NP1 now._NNU 1_MC1 ._. 
Launch_VV0 Final_JJ Cut_NN1 Pro_NN1 (_( or_CC whatever_DDQV application_NN1 you_PPY want_VV0 to_TO use_VVI to_TO follow_VVI along_II21 with_II22 the_AT tutorial_NN1 )_) 2_MC ._. 
Import_VV0 the_AT "_" ChromaDuMondeoverbal.mov_NP1 "_" file_NN1 ,_, dropping_VVG it_PPH1 into_II a_AT1 sequence._NNU 3_MC ._. 
Then_RT go_VV0 to_II EffectsVideo_NP1 FiltersColor_NP1 CorrectionColor_NP1 Corrector._NP1 4_MC ._. 
Go_VV0 to_II ToolsVideoScopes_NP1 to_TO call_VVI up_RP your_APPGE internal_JJ scopes_NN2 if_CS you_PPY do_VD0 not_XX have_VHI external_JJ scopes._NNU 5_MC ._. 
In_II the_AT Viewer_NN1 ,_, switch_VV0 to_II the_AT Filters_NN2 tab_VV0 to_TO see_VVI the_AT controls_NN2 for_IF the_AT effect_NN1 ._. 
You_PPY can_VM view_VVI this_DD1 filter_NN1 in_II either_RR Numeric_JJ mode_NN1 or_CC Visual_JJ mode_NN1 ._. 
There_EX are_VBR "_" legal_JJ "_" limits_NN2 for_IF black_JJ levels_NN2 ,_, white_JJ levels_NN2 ,_, and_CC the_AT strength_NN1 of_IO colors_NN2 (_( saturation_NN1 )_) ._. 
These_DD2 limits_NN2 are_VBR determined_VVN by_II international_JJ committees_NN2 and_CC national_JJ governing_JJ bodies_NN2 ,_, such_II21 as_II22 the_AT FCC_NP1 ._. 
They_PPHS2 can_VM be_VBI further_RRR stipulated_VVN by_II specific_JJ broadcasters_NN2 ,_, such_II21 as_II22 PBS_NP1 or_CC the_AT Discovery_NN1 Channel_NN1 ._. 
If_CS you_PPY are_VBR creating_VVG a_AT1 program_NN1 for_IF broadcast_NN1 ,_, check_VV0 with_IW your_APPGE outlet_NN1 for_IF specifics_NN2 ._. 
Some_DD replicators_NN2 or_CC duplicators_NN2 also_RR have_VH0 legal_JJ levels_NN2 that_CST videotape_VV0 masters_NN2 must_VM adhere_VVI to_II ._. 
This_DD1 is_VBZ a_AT1 unit_NN1 of_IO measure_NN1 for_IF waveform_NN1 monitors_NN2 ._. 
It_PPH1 is_VBZ named_VVN for_IF the_AT Institute_NN1 of_IO Radio_NN1 Engineers_NN2 ,_, which_DDQ defined_VVD the_AT unit_NN1 ._. 
The_AT scale_NN1 starts_VVZ in_II negative_JJ numbers_NN2 and_CC goes_VVZ beyond_II 100_MC IRE_NN1 ._. 
Millivolts_VVZ This_DD1 is_VBZ another_DD1 unit_NN1 of_IO measure_NN1 for_IF waveform_NN1 monitors_NN2 ._. 
It_PPH1 is_VBZ not_XX as_RG easy_JJ to_TO use_VVI as_II the_AT simple_JJ IRE_NN1 scale_NN1 or_CC a_AT1 simple_JJ percentage_NN1 scale_NN1 ,_, so_CS we_PPIS2 will_VM not_XX use_VVI this_DD1 scale_NN1 to_TO describe_VVI video_NN1 levels_NN2 ._. 
Trace_VV0 The_AT trace_NN1 is_VBZ the_AT portion_NN1 of_IO the_AT waveform_NN1 or_CC vectorscope_NN1 that_CST indicates_VVZ the_AT levels_NN2 of_IO the_AT video_NN1 signal_NN1 ._. 
It_PPH1 is_VBZ the_AT portion_NN1 that_CST responds_VVZ to_TO level_VVI adjustments_NN2 ._. 
On_II most_DAT scopes_NN2 ,_, the_AT trace_NN1 tends_VVZ to_TO be_VBI green_JJ or_CC sometimes_RT white_JJ ._. 
Sometimes_RT the_AT trace_NN1 is_VBZ actually_RR referred_VVN to_II as_II the_AT "_" waveform_NN1 ,_, "_" while_CS the_AT actual_JJ device_NN1 that_CST displays_VVZ it_PPH1 is_VBZ referred_VVN to_II as_II the_AT "_" waveform_NN1 monitor_NN1 ._. "_" 
The_AT traditional_JJ color_NN1 for_IF the_AT trace_NN1 is_VBZ green_JJ ._. 
More_DAR colorists_NN2 do_VD0 n't_XX like_VVI the_AT green_JJ trace_NN1 ,_, so_RR on_II many_DA2 monitors_NN2 the_AT color_NN1 of_IO the_AT trace_NN1 is_VBZ user_NN1 selectable_JJ ._. 
Many_DA2 colorists_NN2 choose_VV0 a_AT1 neutral_JJ gray_JJ or_CC white_JJ color_NN1 for_IF the_AT trace_NN1 ._. 
The_AT graticule_NN1 is_VBZ the_AT fixed_JJ lines_NN2 on_II the_AT waveform_NN1 and_CC vectorscope_NN1 that_CST provide_VV0 scale_NN1 and_CC positioning_VVG information_NN1 ,_, for_REX21 example_REX22 ,_, the_AT IRE_NN1 lines_NN2 on_II the_AT waveform_NN1 monitor_NN1 or_CC the_AT color_NN1 targets_NN2 on_II the_AT vectorscope_NN1 ._. 
The_AT graticule_NN1 is_VBZ often_RR orange_JJ as_II a_AT1 contrast_NN1 to_II the_AT green_NN1 of_IO the_AT trace_NN1 ._. 
This_DD1 word_NN1 is_VBZ not_XX limited_VVN to_TO video_VVI ._. 
Graticule_VV0 also_RR defines_VVZ the_AT network_NN1 of_IO longitude_NN1 and_CC latitude_NN1 lines_NN2 on_II a_AT1 map._NNU 6_MC ._. 
Adjust_VV0 the_AT "_" Blacks_NN2 "_" slider_NN1 down_RP until_CS the_AT shape_NN1 at_II the_AT bottom_NN1 of_IO the_AT center_NN1 of_IO the_AT waveform_NN1 monitor_NN1 reaches_VVZ the_AT bottom_JJ orange_JJ line_NN1 labeled_VVD "_" Black_JJ "_" or_CC 0%_NNU ._. 
Figure_NN1 1-16_MCMC this_DD1 figure_NN1 represents_VVZ the_AT image_NN1 when_CS the_AT black_JJ level_NN1 has_VHZ been_VBN brought_VVN down_RP too_RG low_JJ ._. 
the_AT flattening_NN1 of_IO the_AT shape_NN1 at_II the_AT arrow_NN1 indicates_VVZ clipping_NN1 or_CC crushing_JJ of_IO the_AT signal_NN1 ,_, which_DDQ results_VVZ in_II a_AT1 lack_NN1 of_IO detail_NN1 in_II the_AT shadows_NN2 ._. 
