Regional_JJ American_JJ Food_NN1 Culture_NN1 (_( Food_NN1 Cultures_NN2 in_II America_NP1 )_) FOOD_NN1 PROCUREMENT_NN1 Procuring_VVG or_CC obtaining_VVG foods_NN2 and_CC ingredients_NN2 can_VM differ_VVI between_II regions_NN2 as_II31 well_II32 as_II33 within_II a_AT1 region_NN1 ._. 
There_RL tend_VV0 to_TO be_VBI dramatic_JJ contrasts_NN2 between_II rural_JJ and_CC urban_JJ areas_NN2 over_II the_AT processes_NN2 of_IO procurement_NN1 ._. 
Grocery_NN1 Stores_NN2 A_ZZ1 variety_NN1 of_IO types_NN2 of_IO stores_NN2 carry_VV0 food_NN1 ,_, ranging_VVG from_II small_JJ corner_NN1 stores_NN2 to_II superstores_NN2 that_CST carry_VV0 every_AT1 item_NN1 imaginable_JJ along_II21 with_II22 food_NN1 ._. 
Most_DAT urban_JJ centers_NN2 along_II the_AT Mid-Atlantic_NP1 and_CC Northeast_ND1 still_RR have_VH0 neighborhood_NN1 delicatessens_NN2 ,_, bakeries_NN2 ,_, small_JJ green_JJ grocers_NN2 ,_, and_CC butchers_NN ._. 
These_DD2 tend_VV0 to_TO be_VBI most_RGT vibrant_JJ in_II ethnic_JJ enclaves_NN2 ,_, while_CS more_DAR artisan_NN1 stores_NN2 (_( cheese_NN1 ,_, baked_JJ goods_NN2 )_) and_CC specialty_NN1 food_NN1 stores_NN2 (_( coffee_NN1 ,_, tea_NN1 ,_, chocolate_NN1 )_) tend_VV0 to_TO be_VBI found_VVN in_II more_DAR upscale_NN1 neighborhoods_NN2 ._. 
Major_JJ midwestern_JJ cities_NN2 with_IW either_DD1 strong_JJ ethnic_JJ populations_NN2 (_( such_II21 as_II22 Cleveland_NP1 ,_, Ohio_NP1 ;_; Milwaukee_NP1 ,_, Wisconsin_NP1 ;_; and_CC St._NP1 Paul_NP1 ,_, Minnesota_NP1 )_) or_CC universities_NN2 (_( Ann_NP1 Arbor_NP1 ,_, Michigan_NP1 ;_; Madison_NP1 ,_, Wisconsin_NP1 )_) tend_VV0 to_TO have_VHI these_DD2 small_JJ neighborly_JJ types_NN2 of_IO food_NN1 stores_NN2 ._. 
On_II the_AT whole_NN1 ,_, however_RR ,_, American_JJ food_NN1 shopping_NN1 is_VBZ characterized_VVN by_II weekly_JJ trips_NN2 to_II a_AT1 grocery_NN1 store_NN1 or_CC supermarket_NN1 where_CS national_JJ brands_NN2 for_IF everything_PN1 needed_VVN can_VM be_VBI purchased_VVN under_RG one_MC1 roof_NN1 ._. 
Within_II this_DD1 national_JJ pattern_NN1 ,_, different_JJ chains_NN2 tend_VV0 to_TO be_VBI associated_VVN with_IW different_JJ regions_NN2 ._. 
The_AT most_RGT famous_JJ ,_, the_AT A_ZZ1 &P,;_NULL started_VVD in_II 1859_MC in_II New_NP1 York_NP1 City_NN1 as_II the_AT Great_JJ American_JJ Tea_NN1 Company_NN1 ,_, selling_VVG tea_NN1 ,_, coffee_NN1 ,_, and_CC spices_NN2 ._. 
The_AT A_ZZ1 &P;_NULL extended_VVN to_II the_AT West_ND1 Coast_NN1 in_II 1870_MC and_CC established_VVD its_APPGE own_DA brand-name_JJ products_NN2 ._. 
It_PPH1 also_RR originated_VVD programs_NN2 to_TO reward_VVI customer_NN1 loyalty_NN1 with_IW stamps_NN2 and_CC coupon_NN1 books_NN2 ._. 
Today_RT ,_, A_ZZ1 &Ps;_NULL are_VBR found_VVN along_II the_AT eastern_JJ Mid-Atlantic_NP1 and_CC in_II the_AT Northeast_ND1 (_( from_II Massachusetts_NP1 to_II Virginia_NP1 )_) ._. 
Another_DD1 national_JJ concept_NN1 for_IF food_NN1 shopping_NN1 is_VBZ self-serve_JJ ,_, pre-pricing_NN1 ._. 
Set_VV0 prices_NN2 started_VVD in_II the_AT early_JJ 1900s_MC2 ._. 
Housewives_NN2 loved_VVD them_PPHO2 because_CS they_PPHS2 took_VVD away_RL the_AT guesswork_NN1 and_CC personal_JJ agendas_NN2 of_IO bargaining_NN1 --_NN1 they_PPHS2 could_VM shop_VVI where_RRQ they_PPHS2 wanted_VVD for_IF the_AT best_JJT price_NN1 and_CC quality_NN1 rather_II21 than_II22 out_RP of_IO loyalty_NN1 to_II a_AT1 person_NN1 ._. 
Self-service_JJ food_NN1 stores_NN2 started_VVD in_II 1916_MC with_IW the_AT Piggly_NP1 Wiggly_NP1 in_II Memphis_NP1 ,_, Tennessee_NP1 ,_, which_DDQ allowed_VVD customers_NN2 to_TO choose_VVI their_APPGE own_DA merchandise_NN1 rather_II21 than_II22 waiting_VVG for_IF the_AT grocer_NN1 pick_VV0 it_PPH1 out_RP ._. 
The_AT concept_NN1 quickly_RR spread_VVN through_II the_AT country_NN1 ._. 
In_II the_AT 1930s_MC2 ,_, Kroger_VV0 stores_NN2 ,_, started_VVD in_II 1883_MC in_II Cincinnati_NP1 ,_, introduced_VVD the_AT idea_NN1 of_IO surrounding_VVG the_AT store_NN1 with_IW a_AT1 parking_NN1 lot_NN1 ,_, which_DDQ joined_VVD grocery_NN1 shopping_VVG with_IW the_AT emerging_JJ car_NN1 culture_NN1 of_IO the_AT contemporary_JJ United_NP1 States_NP1 ._. 
Kroger_VV0 stores_NN2 are_VBR now_RT found_VVN throughout_II the_AT eastern_JJ Midwest_NP1 and_CC the_AT Southeast_ND1 ._. 
There_EX are_VBR now_RT both_RR national_JJ chains_NN2 and_CC smaller_JJR regional_JJ grocery_NN1 stores_NN2 throughout_II the_AT nation_NN1 ,_, although_CS in_II some_DD areas_NN2 ,_, superstores_NN2 ,_, such_II21 as_II22 Wal-Mart_NP1 ,_, also_RR carry_VV0 food_NN1 ._. 
Critics_NN2 are_VBR concerned_JJ that_CST superstores_NN2 destroy_VV0 smaller_JJR and_CC more_RGR local_JJ businesses_NN2 ._. 
There_RL also_RR are_VBR more_RGR specialized_JJ supermarkets_NN2 that_CST tend_VV0 to_TO be_VBI found_VVN by_II region_NN1 ._. 
Asian_JJ supermarkets_NN2 flourish_VV0 on_II the_AT East_ND1 and_CC West_ND1 coasts_NN2 ,_, where_CS Asian_JJ populations_NN2 cluster_VV0 ,_, as_RG well_RR as_CSA in_II select_JJ Midwestern_JJ and_CC southern_JJ cities_NN2 ,_, Minneapolis_NP1 and_CC Atlanta_NP1 ,_, for_REX21 example_REX22 ._. 
Hispanic_JJ grocery_NN1 stores_NN2 can_VM be_VBI found_VVN in_II the_AT Southwest_ND1 and_CC south_ND1 Florida_NP1 as_II31 well_II32 as_II33 in_II areas_NN2 with_IW strong_JJ migrant_NN1 populations_NN2 ,_, such_II21 as_II22 Chicago_NP1 and_CC cities_NN2 in_II Indiana_NP1 and_CC North_ND1 Carolina_NP1 ._. 
Stores_NN2 specializing_VVG in_II natural_JJ and/or_CC organic_JJ foods_NN2 are_VBR found_VVN along_II the_AT coasts_NN2 and_CC in_II major_JJ cities_NN2 in_II Midwest_NP1 (_( Earthfare_NP1 ,_, Whole_JJ Foods_NN2 )_) ._. 
These_DD2 often_RR overlap_VV0 with_IW global_JJ foods_NN2 markets_NN2 (_( Trader_NN1 Joe_NP1 's_GE )_) ._. 
With_IW this_DD1 wealth_NN1 of_IO various_JJ shopping_NN1 experiences_NN2 ,_, regional_JJ stores_NN2 often_RR try_VV0 to_TO develop_VVI their_APPGE own_DA character_NN1 or_CC be_VBI innovative_JJ in_II their_APPGE services_NN2 ._. 
An_AT1 example_NN1 is_VBZ Wegman_NP1 's_VBZ in_II Rochester_NP1 ,_, New_NP1 York_NP1 ,_, which_DDQ offers_VVZ seating_VVG for_IF meals_NN2 selected_VVN from_II the_AT store_NN1 's_GE wide_JJ variety_NN1 of_IO world_NN1 cuisines_NN2 ._. 
These_DD2 options_NN2 are_VBR often_RR accessible_JJ only_RR to_II the_AT middle_NN1 and_CC upper_JJ classes_NN2 ,_, however_RR ,_, because_CS the_AT stores_NN2 are_VBR typically_RR in_II more_DAR upscale_NN1 neighborhoods_NN2 or_CC on_II the_AT outskirts_NN2 of_IO towns_NN2 and_CC suburbs_NN2 ,_, thereby_RR requiring_VVG private_JJ transportation_NN1 ._. 
One_MC1 alternative_JJ way_NN1 to_TO purchase_VVI food_NN1 that_CST personalizes_VVZ the_AT experience_NN1 somewhat_RR is_VBZ through_II co-ops_NN2 ._. 
These_DD2 are_VBR formed_VVN by_II groups_NN2 of_IO individuals_NN2 who_PNQS purchase_VV0 in_II bulk_NN1 in_BCL21 order_BCL22 to_TO take_VVI advantage_NN1 of_IO lower_JJR prices_NN2 ._. 
The_AT products_NN2 are_VBR then_RT divided_VVN among_II the_AT members_NN2 ._. 
Many_DA2 co-ops_NN2 started_VVD in_II the_AT 1960s_MC2 in_BCL21 order_BCL22 to_TO gain_VVI access_NN1 to_II vegetarian_JJ foods_NN2 and_CC bulk_VVI grains_NN2 ,_, and_CC most_DAT today_RT tend_VV0 to_TO emphasize_VVI organic_JJ and_CC vegetarian_JJ foods_NN2 ._. 
Co-ops_NN2 tend_VV0 to_TO survive_VVI primarily_RR in_II college_NN1 towns_NN2 and_CC in_II areas_NN2 where_RRQ other_JJ outlets_NN2 for_IF purchasing_VVG alternative_JJ foods_NN2 are_VBR not_XX available_JJ ._. 
They_PPHS2 also_RR frequently_RR form_VV0 a_AT1 social_JJ community_NN1 as_RR21 well_RR22 with_IW members_NN2 sharing_VVG other_JJ interests_NN2 and_CC values_NN2 ._. 
Some_DD co-ops_NN2 also_RR sponsor_VV0 classes_NN2 and_CC activities_NN2 ,_, particularly_RR related_VVN to_II food_NN1 ,_, such_II21 as_II22 beer_NN1 brewing_NN1 ._. 
Farming_NN1 and_CC Gardening_NN1 Although_CS most_DAT Americans_NN2 procure_VV0 their_APPGE food_NN1 from_II commercial_JJ outlets_NN2 ,_, many_DA2 still_RR either_RR grow_VV0 or_CC gather_VV0 from_II the_AT wild_JJ some_DD portion_NN1 of_IO their_APPGE diet_NN1 ._. 
This_DD1 self-reliance_NN1 is_VBZ due_RR more_RRR to_II region_NN1 and_CC family_NN1 tradition_NN1 than_CSN it_PPH1 is_VBZ to_II socioeconomic_JJ class_NN1 ._. 
Frequently_RR ,_, the_AT urban_JJ poor_JJ rely_VV0 heavily_RR on_II high-priced_JJ store-bought_JJ goods_NN2 ,_, whereas_CS the_AT rural_JJ poor_JJ ,_, particularly_RR in_II the_AT upland_NN1 South_ND1 ,_, the_AT Deep_JJ South_ND1 ,_, and_CC the_AT Pacific_NP1 Northwest_ND1 have_VH0 more_DAR of_IO a_AT1 tradition_NN1 of_IO self-sufficiency_NN1 ._. 
Ever_RR since_CS Thomas_NP1 Jefferson_NP1 proclaimed_VVD that_CST every_AT1 true_JJ citizen_NN1 worked_VVD the_AT soil_NN1 of_IO the_AT land_NN1 ,_, the_AT family_NN1 farm_NN1 has_VHZ been_VBN central_JJ to_II mythic_JJ America_NP1 ._. 
Family_NN1 farms_NN2 are_VBR ,_, by_II definition_NN1 ,_, family_NN1 owned_VVN and_CC operated_VVN ,_, usually_RR working_VVG on_II an_AT1 open-market_JJ system_NN1 and_CC with_IW an_AT1 annual_JJ income_NN1 of_IO less_DAR than_CSN $250,000_NNU ._. 
The_AT number_NN1 of_IO these_DD2 farms_NN2 has_VHZ decreased_VVN from_II 6.5_MC million_NNO in_II 1900_MC to_II 2_MC million_NNO in_II 1997_MC ,_, and_CC although_CS they_PPHS2 make_VV0 up_RP 90_MC percent_NNU of_IO all_DB U.S._NP1 farms_NN2 ,_, they_PPHS2 produce_VV0 less_DAR than_CSN 41_MC percent_NNU of_IO the_AT food_NN1 used_VVN in_II the_AT United_NP1 States_NP1 ._. 
Fewer_DAR than_CSN 1_MC1 percent_NNU of_IO farms_NN2 are_VBR organic_JJ ,_, and_CC only_RR 8,000_MC are_VBR officially_RR certified_VVN as_II such_DA ._. 
These_DD2 farms_NN2 often_RR supply_VV0 local_JJ grocers_NN2 ,_, but_CCB more_RGR frequently_RR must_VM rely_VVI on_II farmers_NN2 '_GE markets_NN2 to_TO sell_VVI their_APPGE produce_NN1 ._. 
A_AT1 growing_JJ trend_NN1 is_VBZ community-supported_JJ agriculture_NN1 ,_, or_CC CSA_NP1 ,_, a_AT1 concept_NN1 based_VVN on_II the_AT writings_NN2 of_IO the_AT European_JJ philosopher/theologian_NN1 Dr._NNB Rudolph_NP1 Steiner_NP1 ._. 
In_II CSA_NP1 ,_, a_AT1 group_NN1 of_IO individuals_NN2 agree_VV0 to_TO support_VVI a_AT1 local_JJ farm_NN1 ,_, usually_RR committing_VVG to_TO pay_VVI a_AT1 monthly_JJ fee_NN1 (_( or_CC "_" share_NN1 "_" )_) in_II31 return_II32 for_II33 a_AT1 portion_NN1 of_IO whatever_DDQV is_VBZ produced_VVN ._. 
The_AT supporters_NN2 agree_VV0 to_TO share_VVI in_II the_AT windfalls_NN2 of_IO the_AT farm_NN1 as_II31 well_II32 as_II33 the_AT losses_NN2 due_II21 to_II22 unexpected_JJ weather_NN1 or_CC other_JJ disasters_NN2 ._. 
The_AT first_MD CSA_NP1 group_NN1 was_VBDZ established_VVN in_II New_NP1 Hampshire_NP1 in_II 1986_MC (_( the_AT Temple-Wilton_NP1 Community_NN1 Farm_NN1 )_) ,_, and_CC the_AT concept_NN1 thrived_VVD in_II New_NP1 England_NP1 and_CC on_II the_AT West_ND1 Coast_NN1 ,_, particularly_RR in_II northern_JJ California_NP1 and_CC Oregon_NP1 ._. 
Although_CS CSA_NP1 was_VBDZ initially_RR popular_JJ among_II individuals_NN2 leaning_VVG toward_II progressive_JJ ,_, countercultural_JJ values_NN2 and_CC lifestyles_NN2 (_( the_AT stereotypical_JJ back-to-land_JJ communes_NN2 )_) ,_, and_CC CSA_NP1 groups_NN2 are_VBR still_RR found_VVN primarily_RR in_II those_DD2 regions_NN2 ,_, the_AT idea_NN1 has_VHZ become_VVN more_RGR mainstream_JJ and_CC is_VBZ being_VBG adapted_VVN throughout_II the_AT country_NN1 ._. 
The_AT rural_JJ Southeast_ND1 ,_, upland_NN1 South_ND1 ,_, Mid-Atlantic_NP1 ,_, and_CC Midwest_NP1 ,_, in_RR21 particular_RR22 ,_, are_VBR developing_VVG these_DD2 farms_NN2 ._. 
Another_DD1 trend_NN1 is_VBZ networks_NN2 connecting_VVG small_JJ farmers_NN2 with_IW local_JJ distributors_NN2 ,_, grocers_NN2 ,_, and_CC restaurants_NN2 ,_, attempting_VVG to_TO guarantee_VVI a_AT1 market_NN1 for_IF the_AT farmers_NN2 as_II31 well_II32 as_II33 a_AT1 dependable_JJ supply_NN1 for_IF the_AT outlets_NN2 ._. 
The_AT Midwest_NP1 seems_VVZ to_TO be_VBI leading_VVG the_AT way_NN1 in_II this_DD1 concept_NN1 ,_, which_DDQ acknowledges_VVZ the_AT role_NN1 of_IO market_NN1 forces_NN2 and_CC tries_VVZ to_TO work_VVI within_II the_AT system_NN1 ,_, rather_II21 than_II22 attempting_VVG more_RGR radical_JJ changes_NN2 in_II philosophy_NN1 ._. 
An_AT1 example_NN1 of_IO this_DD1 type_NN1 of_IO networking_NN1 is_VBZ Food_NN1 for_IF Thought_NN1 :_: A_ZZ1 Local_JJ Food_NN1 Initiative_NN1 ,_, directed_VVN by_II the_AT Rural_JJ Life_NN1 Center_NN1 at_II Kenyon_NP1 College_NN1 in_II central_JJ Ohio_NP1 ._. 
The_AT initiative_NN1 is_VBZ developing_VVG a_AT1 sustainable_JJ system_NN1 that_CST connects_VVZ local_JJ farms_NN2 and_CC local_JJ buyers_NN2 ._. 
Developed_VVN by_II sociologist_NN1 Dr._NNB Howard_NP1 Sachs_NP1 ,_, the_AT project_NN1 is_VBZ providing_VVG a_AT1 national_JJ and_CC international_JJ model_NN1 ._. 
Similarly_RR ,_, the_AT Leopold_NP1 Center_NN1 for_IF Sustainable_JJ Agriculture_NN1 ,_, connected_VVN to_II the_AT University_NN1 of_IO Iowa_NP1 in_II Ames_NP1 ,_, "_" explores_VVZ and_CC cultivates_VVZ alternatives_NN2 that_CST secure_VV0 healthier_JJR people_NN and_CC landscapes_NN2 in_II Iowa_NP1 ._. "_" 
Similar_JJ programs_NN2 are_VBR starting_VVG all_RR over_II the_AT country_NN1 ._. 
Yet_RR another_DD1 trend_NN1 is_VBZ community_NN1 gardens_NN2 and_CC school_NN1 gardens_NN2 ._. 
Similar_JJ to_II the_AT Victory_NN1 gardens_NN2 of_IO World_NN1 War_NN1 II_MC ,_, community_NN1 gardens_NN2 are_VBR being_VBG promoted_VVN not_XX only_RR as_II a_AT1 way_NN1 for_IF individuals_NN2 to_TO supply_VVI themselves_PPX2 with_IW fresh_JJ produce_NN1 but_CCB also_RR as_II a_AT1 way_NN1 to_TO create_VVI safer_JJR communities_NN2 ,_, preserve_VV0 natural_JJ areas_NN2 ,_, beautify_VV0 neighborhoods_NN2 ,_, and_CC create_VV0 positive_JJ relationships_NN2 among_II neighbors_NN2 ._. 
Oftentimes_RR ,_, master_NN1 gardeners_NN2 are_VBR on_II hand_NN1 to_TO offer_VVI advice_NN1 and_CC education_NN1 ._. 
Such_DA community_NN1 gardens_NN2 are_VBR frequently_RR found_VVN in_II urban_JJ areas_NN2 and_CC promote_VV0 diversity_NN1 within_II a_AT1 democratic_JJ ,_, inclusive_JJ public_JJ space_NN1 ._. 
The_AT earliest_JJT influential_JJ models_NN2 were_VBDR on_II the_AT coasts_NN2 --_JJ Peralta_NN1 Community_NN1 Garden_NN1 in_II Berkeley_NP1 ,_, California_NP1 ,_, and_CC Clinton_NP1 Street_NNL1 Garden_NN1 in_II New_NP1 York_NP1 City_NN1 ._. 
These_DD2 were_VBDR bottom-up_JJ organizations_NN2 cooperatively_RR owned_VVN and_CC run_VV0 ;_; however_RR ,_, numerous_JJ communities_NN2 are_VBR now_RT establishing_VVG community_NN1 gardens_NN2 through_II their_APPGE parks_NN2 departments_NN2 ._. 
The_AT Midwest_NP1 and_CC Southeast_ND1 ,_, particularly_RR in_II university_NN1 towns_NN2 ,_, are_VBR seeing_VVG a_AT1 number_NN1 of_IO these_DD2 ._. 
The_AT school_NN1 garden_NN1 movement_NN1 ,_, in_II which_DDQ gardens_NN2 are_VBR tended_VVN to_II by_II schoolchildren_NN2 and_CC the_AT produce_NN1 is_VBZ then_RT used_VVN for_IF school_NN1 meals_NN2 ,_, was_VBDZ started_VVN by_II chef_NN1 and_CC food_NN1 activist_NN1 Alice_NP1 Waters_NP1 ._. 
Owner_NN1 of_IO the_AT restaurants_NN2 Chez_II Panisse_NP1 and_CC Cafe_NN1 Fanny_NN1 in_II Berkeley_NP1 ,_, California_NP1 ,_, Waters_NP1 revolutionized_VVD American_JJ eating_NN1 and_CC approaches_VVZ to_II food_NN1 ._. 
She_PPHS1 promoted_VVD the_AT use_NN1 of_IO local_JJ ,_, fresh_JJ ,_, seasonal_JJ produce_NN1 from_II small_JJ farms_NN2 with_IW minimal_JJ but_CCB refined_JJ cooking_NN1 techniques_NN2 ._. 
Her_APPGE innovations_NN2 were_VBDR the_AT basis_NN1 for_IF what_DDQ is_VBZ known_VVN as_II California_NP1 cuisine_NN1 ._. 
Waters_NP1 also_RR developed_VVN the_AT "_" edible_JJ schoolyard_NN1 "_" at_II Martin_NP1 Luther_NP1 King_NP1 ,_, Jr._NNA ,_, Middle_JJ School_NN1 in_II Berkeley_NP1 ,_, a_AT1 program_NN1 that_CST ,_, through_II gardening_NN1 ,_, teaches_VVZ children_NN2 compassion_NN1 ,_, responsibility_NN1 ,_, and_CC a_AT1 sense_NN1 of_IO connection_NN1 to_II nature_NN1 and_CC other_JJ people_NN ._. 
The_AT program_NN1 has_VHZ been_VBN copied_VVN and_CC adapted_VVN in_II urban_JJ areas_NN2 throughout_II the_AT Northeast_ND1 ,_, Mid-Atlantic_NP1 ,_, and_CC Midwest_NP1 ._. 
Farmers_NN2 '_GE Markets_NN2 For_IF those_DD2 who_PNQS appreciate_VV0 fresh_JJ produce_NN1 ,_, there_EX is_VBZ the_AT possibility_NN1 of_IO farm_NN1 stands_NN2 and_CC farmers_NN2 '_GE markets_NN2 ._. 
Farm_NN1 stands_NN2 (_( also_RR called_VVN "_" produce_VV0 stands_NN2 "_" )_) are_VBR informal_JJ operations_NN2 offering_VVG fresh_JJ produce_NN1 at_II the_AT farm_NN1 or_CC field_NN1 itself_PPX1 ._. 
Ranging_VVG from_II a_AT1 simple_JJ table_NN1 set_VVN out_RP with_IW food_NN1 and_CC a_AT1 tin_NN1 can_VM for_IF self-serve_JJ purchase_NN1 on_II the_AT honor_NN1 system_NN1 to_II permanent_JJ structures_NN2 offering_VVG produce_NN1 and_CC other_JJ goods_NN2 (_( e.g._REX ,_, crafts_NN2 ,_, jams_NN2 ,_, and_CC preserves_VVZ )_) from_II local_JJ farmers_NN2 or_CC just_JJ backyard_NN1 gardeners_NN2 ,_, these_DD2 stands_NN2 are_VBR most_RGT common_JJ in_II small_JJ towns_NN2 and_CC communities_NN2 of_IO family_NN1 farms_NN2 ,_, particularly_RR in_II the_AT South_ND1 and_CC Midwest_NP1 ._. 
Farm_NN1 stands_NN2 offer_VV0 a_AT1 direct_JJ connection_NN1 between_II producer_NN1 and_CC consumer_NN1 in_II which_DDQ (_( in_II theory_NN1 )_) what_DDQ you_PPY see_VV0 is_VBZ what_DDQ you_PPY get_VV0 ,_, and_CC people_NN get_VV0 to_TO meet_VVI the_AT people_NN who_PNQS grew_VVD their_APPGE food_NN1 ._. 
Tailgate_VV0 markets_NN2 tend_VV0 to_TO be_VBI a_AT1 step_NN1 up_RP from_II the_AT farm_NN1 stands_NN2 ,_, usually_RR occurring_VVG on_II a_AT1 weekly_JJ basis_NN1 ._. 
Common_JJ throughout_II the_AT South_ND1 ,_, these_DD2 are_VBR gatherings_NN2 of_IO individuals_NN2 who_PNQS sell_VV0 their_APPGE produce_NN1 ,_, farm_NN1 goods_NN2 ,_, and_CC other_JJ homemade_JJ items_NN2 from_II the_AT back_NN1 of_IO their_APPGE truck_NN1 (_( the_AT tailgate_NN1 )_) ._. 
Farmers_NN2 '_GE markets_NN2 are_VBR similar_JJ but_CCB tend_VV0 to_TO be_VBI more_RGR formal_JJ institutions_NN2 ,_, often_RR with_IW permanent_JJ structures_NN2 housing_VVG the_AT market_NN1 and_CC open_VV0 throughout_II the_AT week_NNT1 ._. 
Such_DA markets_NN2 have_VH0 a_AT1 long_JJ history_NN1 in_II the_AT United_NP1 States_NP1 ._. 
The_AT oldest_JJT public_JJ market_NN1 is_VBZ the_AT French_JJ Market_NN1 in_II New_NP1 Orleans_NP1 ,_, which_DDQ started_VVD in_II 1791_MC as_II a_AT1 trading_NN1 post_NN1 ._. 
It_PPH1 now_RT is_VBZ a_AT1 daily_JJ flea_NN1 market_NN1 ,_, but_CCB offers_VVZ food_NN1 only_RR on_II Saturdays_NPD2 ._. 
The_AT oldest_JJT continuously_RR operating_VVG farmers_NN2 '_GE market_NN1 is_VBZ in_II Philadelphia_NP1 --_NN1 the_AT Reading_NP1 Terminal_JJ Market_NN1 ._. 
Started_VVD in_II 1892_MC ,_, it_PPH1 reflects_VVZ its_APPGE regional_JJ identity_NN1 ,_, offering_VVG ,_, among_II other_JJ things_NN2 ,_, cheesesteaks_NN2 ,_, seafood_NN1 ,_, and_CC Pennsylvania_NP1 Dutch_JJ and_CC Amish_JJ specialties_NN2 (_( scrapple_VV0 ,_, apple_NN1 dumplings_NN2 ,_, egg_NN1 sandwiches_NN2 ,_, soft_JJ pretzels_NN2 )_) ._. 
Portland_NP1 ,_, Oregon_NP1 ,_, is_VBZ also_RR famous_JJ for_IF its_APPGE market_NN1 ,_, which_DDQ reflects_VVZ the_AT area_NN1 's_GE history_NN1 of_IO back-to-the-land_JJ small_JJ farmers_NN2 ._. 
Farmers_NN2 '_GE markets_NN2 are_VBR currently_RR undergoing_VVG a_AT1 revitalization_NN1 ,_, and_CC many_DA2 newer_JJR ones_NN2 are_VBR being_VBG established_VVN ,_, particularly_RR in_II smaller_JJR cities_NN2 in_II the_AT Midwest_NP1 ,_, upland_NN1 South_ND1 ,_, and_CC Pacific_NP1 Northwest_ND1 ._. 
These_DD2 new_JJ markets_NN2 tend_VV0 to_TO serve_VVI as_II community_NN1 centers_NN2 featuring_VVG organic_JJ and_CC locally_RR produced_VVN (_( often_RR artisanal_JJ )_) foods_NN2 --_JJ breads_NN2 ,_, cheeses_NN2 ,_, preserves_VVZ and_CC jams_NN2 ,_, and_CC heirloom_VV0 produce_VV0 --_NN1 as_II31 well_II32 as_II33 entertainment_NN1 and_CC family_NN1 activities_NN2 ._. 
They_PPHS2 also_RR reflect_VV0 the_AT ethnic_JJ and_CC cultural_JJ history_NN1 of_IO each_DD1 region_NN1 ._. 
The_AT farmers_NN2 '_GE market_NN1 in_II Asheville_NP1 ,_, North_ND1 Carolina_NP1 ,_, for_REX21 example_REX22 ,_, has_VHZ been_VBN in_II operation_NN1 since_II 1977_MC ,_, offering_VVG local_JJ produce_NN1 ,_, along_II21 with_II22 honey_NN1 ,_, preserves_VVZ ,_, molasses_NN1 ,_, pies_NN2 ,_, cider_NN1 ,_, and_CC other_JJ homemade_JJ items_NN2 ._. 
Starting_VVG in_II the_AT 1990s_MC2 ,_, however_RR ,_, many_DA2 Mexican_JJ tenant_NN1 farmers_NN2 and_CC their_APPGE families_NN2 were_VBDR brought_VVN to_II the_AT mountains_NN2 to_TO run_VVI the_AT farms_NN2 while_CS the_AT owners_NN2 have_VH0 had_VHN to_TO find_VVI manufacturing_NN1 jobs_NN2 or_CC work_VV0 more_DAR farmland_NN1 ._. 
As_II a_AT1 result_NN1 ,_, the_AT Asheville_NP1 market_NN1 has_VHZ a_AT1 large_JJ Hispanic_JJ population_NN1 and_CC offers_NN2 boxes_NN2 of_IO salsa_NN1 ingredients_NN2 ranging_VVG from_II hot_JJ to_II mild_JJ ._. 
Meanwhile_RR ,_, the_AT bulk_NN1 of_IO American_JJ food_NN1 is_VBZ raised_VVN either_RR by_II industrial_JJ farms_NN2 or_CC imported_VVD ._. 
Industrial_JJ farms_NN2 make_VV0 more_DAR than_CSN $250,000_NNU per_II year_NNT1 but_CCB are_VBR also_RR defined_VVN as_CSA those_DD2 farms_NN2 using_VVG scientific_JJ farming_NN1 techniques_NN2 (_( i.e._REX ,_, heavy_JJ reliance_NN1 on_II technology_NN1 and_CC chemicals_NN2 ;_; adaptation_NN1 of_IO mass-production_NN1 processes_NN2 )_) ._. 
