Geology_NN1 and_CC the_AT Art_NN1 of_IO Birger_NP1 Sandzen_NP1 Birger_NP1 Sandzen_NP1 (_( 1871-1954_MCMC )_) ,_, a_AT1 Swedish-born_JJ artist_NN1 who_PNQS spent_VVD his_APPGE whole_JJ career_NN1 in_II Lindsborg_NP1 ,_, Kansas_NP1 ,_, to_II which_DDQ he_PPHS1 emigrated_VVD in_II 1894_MC ,_, is_VBZ known_VVN for_IF his_APPGE images_NN2 of_IO Kansas_NP1 and_CC areas_NN2 farther_RRR west_ND1 such_II21 as_II22 Colorado_NP1 and_CC New_NP1 Mexico_NP1 ._. 
Although_CS he_PPHS1 painted_VVD portraits_NN2 occasionally_RR and_CC was_VBDZ also_RR fond_JJ of_IO still_JJ lifes_NN2 ,_, especially_RR floral_JJ ones_NN2 of_IO the_AT Kansas_NP1 sunflower_NN1 ,_, the_AT large_JJ majority_NN1 of_IO his_APPGE many_DA2 works_NN were_VBDR landscapes_NN2 that_CST ,_, devoid_JJ of_IO much_DA1 or_CC any_DD human_JJ presence_NN1 ,_, concentrated_VVN on_II the_AT natural_JJ formations_NN2 of_IO the_AT Midwestern_JJ and_CC Western_JJ topography_NN1 ._. 
Sandzen_NN1 was_VBDZ highly_RR prolific_JJ ,_, producing_VVG 330_MC different_JJ prints_NN2 of_IO various_JJ media_NN ,_, hundreds_NNO2 of_IO watercolors_NN2 ,_, countless_JJ drawings_NN2 ,_, including_II 500_MC large_JJ ones_NN2 he_PPHS1 destroyed_VVD when_CS they_PPHS2 were_VBDR no_RR21 longer_RR22 useful_JJ and_CC 5655_MC sketches_NN2 in_II the_AT 83_MC sketchbooks_NN2 he_PPHS1 left_VVD behind_RL ,_, and_CC at_RR21 least_RR22 2890_MC oil_NN1 paintings_NN2 ._. 
Many_DA2 of_IO those_DD2 works_NN depict_VV0 scenery_NN1 from_II the_AT artist_NN1 's_VBZ adopted_VVN state_NN1 ,_, including_II the_AT Hillstrom_NN1 Museum_NN1 of_IO Art_NN1 's_GE 1912_MC oil_NN1 painting_NN1 Dry_JJ Creek_NN1 Bed_NN1 ,_, Kansas_NP1 ,_, the_AT subject_NN1 of_IO this_DD1 FOCUS_NN1 IN/ON_II project_NN1 ._. 
Perhaps_RR as_RG many_DA2 as_CSA fifty-five_MC percent_NNU of_IO Sandzen_NP1 's_GE landscapes_NN2 are_VBR Kansas_NP1 imagery_NN1 ,_, and_CC it_PPH1 is_VBZ clear_JJ that_CST he_PPHS1 developed_VVD a_AT1 deep_JJ fondness_NN1 for_IF the_AT gentle_JJ plains_NN2 ,_, rolling_VVG hills_NN2 ,_, low_JJ bluffs_NN2 ,_, and_CC stream_NN1 beds_NN2 of_IO the_AT state_NN1 ,_, even_RR after_CS he_PPHS1 began_VVD summering_VVG in_II Colorado_NP1 and_CC painting_VVG more_RGR dramatic_JJ scenes_NN2 like_II the_AT Rocky_NP1 Mountains_NNL2 or_CC ,_, occasionally_RR ,_, the_AT Grand_JJ Canyon_NN1 ._. 
He_PPHS1 had_VHD been_VBN born_VVN in_II Blidsberg_NP1 ,_, in_II Vstergtland_NP1 ,_, a_AT1 province_NN1 in_II southwestern_JJ Sweden_NP1 ._. 
His_APPGE father_NN1 Johan_NP1 ,_, a_AT1 theologian_NN1 and_CC pastor_NN1 in_II the_AT church_NN1 ,_, was_VBDZ talented_JJ as_II a_AT1 violinist_NN1 and_CC poet_NN1 ._. 
His_APPGE mother_NN1 Clara_NP1 had_VHD been_VBN interested_VVN from_II her_APPGE youth_NN1 in_II drawing_NN1 and_CC painting_NN1 ._. 
The_AT Sandzens_NP1 provided_VVD a_AT1 cultured_JJ household_NN1 ,_, and_CC their_APPGE son_NN1 ,_, the_AT youngest_JJT of_IO three_MC ,_, had_VHD his_APPGE first_MD formal_JJ art_NN1 instruction_NN1 when_CS he_PPHS1 was_VBDZ nine_MC years_NNT2 old_JJ ._. 
This_DD1 was_VBDZ with_IW Gustaf_NP1 Lundblad_NP1 ,_, an_AT1 artist_NN1 and_CC assistant_JJ minister_NN1 working_VVG with_IW Johan_NP1 in_II the_AT parish_NN1 of_IO Jrps_NP1 ,_, to_II which_DDQ the_AT family_NN1 transferred_VVN in_II 1877_MC ._. 
When_CS Sandzen_NP1 was_VBDZ ten_MC ,_, he_PPHS1 enrolled_VVD in_II the_AT Skara_NP1 Lroverk_NP1 ,_, a_AT1 residential_JJ school_NN1 in_II the_AT nearby_JJ cathedral_NN1 town_NN1 of_IO Skara_NP1 ,_, where_CS his_APPGE older_JJR brothers_NN2 Carl_NP1 and_CC Gustaf_NP1 were_VBDR already_RR studying_VVG ._. 
There_RL his_APPGE artistic_JJ development_NN1 continued_VVD under_II Olof_NP1 Erlandsson_NP1 (_( 1845-1916_MCMC )_) ,_, a_AT1 dedicated_JJ instructor_NN1 who_PNQS instilled_VVD in_II Sandzen_NP1 the_AT importance_NN1 of_IO drawing_VVG as_II a_AT1 basis_NN1 for_IF other_JJ forms_NN2 of_IO art_NN1 ._. 
After_CS several_DA2 years_NNT2 working_VVG together_RL ,_, Erlandsson_NP1 suggested_VVD that_CST Sandzen_NP1 also_RR study_VV0 painting_NN1 ,_, which_DDQ he_PPHS1 eagerly_RR began_VVD in_II 1887_MC ._. 
It_PPH1 is_VBZ not_XX surprising_JJ ,_, therefore_RR ,_, that_DD1 Sandzen_NN1 was_VBDZ from_II early_JJ on_II interested_JJ in_II understanding_VVG the_AT geology_NN1 of_IO the_AT landscapes_NN2 that_CST would_VM typify_VVI his_APPGE maturity_NN1 as_II an_AT1 artist_NN1 ,_, even_CS21 though_CS22 he_PPHS1 abhorred_VVD the_AT thought_NN1 that_CST artworks_NN2 should_VM serve_VVI as_RG topographical_JJ illustrations_NN2 of_IO particular_JJ places_NN2 ._. 
In_II one_MC1 of_IO his_APPGE many_DA2 writings_NN2 about_II art_NN1 ,_, a_AT1 1915_MC article_NN1 titled_VVN "_" The_AT Southwest_ND1 as_II a_AT1 Sketching_NN1 Ground_NN1 ,_, "_" he_PPHS1 warned_VVD ,_, "_" I_PPIS1 hope_VV0 nobody_PN1 will_VM suspect_VVI me_PPIO1 of_IO recommending_VVG view-painting_NN1 ,_, since_CS we_PPIS2 have_VH0 already_RR had_VHN an_AT1 overdose_NN1 of_IO advanced_JJ geography_NN1 in_II our_APPGE art_NN1 ...._... "_" 
Sandzen_NP1 believed_VVD that_DD1 art_NN1 was_VBDZ to_TO be_VBI an_AT1 inspired_JJ and_CC personal_JJ response_NN1 of_IO the_AT artist_NN1 to_II his_APPGE subject_NN1 matter_NN1 ,_, not_XX a_AT1 transcription_NN1 of_IO nature_NN1 ._. 
He_PPHS1 felt_VVD that_CST while_CS it_PPH1 was_VBDZ essential_JJ for_IF the_AT landscape_NN1 artist_NN1 to_TO grasp_VVI the_AT structure_NN1 of_IO the_AT topography_NN1 that_CST inspired_VVD him_PPHO1 ,_, that_DD1 was_VBDZ not_XX the_AT most_RGT important_JJ aspect_NN1 of_IO his_APPGE work_NN1 ._. 
The_AT artist_NN1 had_VHD the_AT right_NN1 and_CC duty_NN1 to_TO speak_VVI in_II his_APPGE own_DA aesthetic_JJ language_NN1 ,_, and_CC did_VDD not_XX necessarily_RR need_VVI to_TO adhere_VVI to_II the_AT scientific_JJ truth_NN1 of_IO the_AT subject_NN1 at_II hand_NN1 ._. 
After_CS he_PPHS1 finished_VVD at_II Skara_NP1 in_II 1890_MC ,_, Sandzen_NP1 's_GE formal_JJ education_NN1 continued_VVD at_II the_AT acclaimed_JJ Lund_NP1 University_NN1 ,_, where_CS he_PPHS1 attended_VVD lectures_NN2 in_II the_AT history_NN1 of_IO art_NN1 and_CC studied_JJ French_NN1 ,_, another_DD1 subject_NN1 at_II which_DDQ he_PPHS1 excelled_VVD ._. 
He_PPHS1 seems_VVZ to_TO have_VHI enrolled_VVN at_II the_AT University_NN1 intending_VVG to_TO pursue_VVI an_AT1 academic_JJ career_NN1 in_II a_AT1 subject_NN1 other_II21 than_II22 art_NN1 ,_, but_CCB recognizing_VVG his_APPGE strong_JJ desire_NN1 to_TO become_VVI an_AT1 artist_NN1 ,_, he_PPHS1 quit_VVD Lund_NP1 after_II a_AT1 single_JJ semester_NN1 and_CC headed_VVN to_II Stockholm_NP1 with_IW the_AT goal_NN1 of_IO earning_VVG admission_NN1 to_II the_AT Royal_JJ Academy_NN1 of_IO Art_NN1 ._. 
Since_CS there_EX was_VBDZ a_AT1 long_JJ waiting_NN1 list_NN1 for_IF entrance_NN1 to_II the_AT Academy_NN1 ,_, Sandzen_NP1 's_GE strategy_NN1 was_VBDZ to_II first_MD study_NN1 at_II the_AT Tekniska_NP1 Skolan_NP1 ,_, or_CC Technical_JJ School_NN1 ,_, which_DDQ often_RR served_VVN as_II a_AT1 stepping-stone_NN1 to_II the_AT more_RGR prestigious_JJ Academy_NN1 ._. 
Before_CS any_DD openings_NN2 at_II the_AT Academy_NN1 occurred_VVD ,_, Sandzen_NP1 learned_VVD that_CST famous_JJ Swedish_JJ artist_NN1 Anders_NP1 Zorn_NP1 (_( 1862-1920_MCMC )_) was_VBDZ planning_VVG to_TO start_VVI an_AT1 alternative_JJ art_NN1 school_NN1 ._. 
In_II 1891_MC ,_, he_PPHS1 began_VVD study_NN1 at_II Zorn_NP1 's_GE new_JJ institution_NN1 ,_, one_MC1 of_IO eight_MC initial_JJ pupils_NN2 at_II what_DDQ later_RRR became_VVD the_AT anti-academic_JJ Konstnrsfrbundet_NN1 (_( Artists_NN2 '_GE League_NN1 )_) of_IO Stockholm_NP1 ._. 
He_PPHS1 often_RR painted_VVD five_MC hours_NNT2 each_DD1 day_NNT1 in_II Zorn_NP1 's_GE atelier_NN1 ,_, learning_VVG important_JJ lessons_NN2 that_CST included_VVD the_AT master_NN1 's_GE loose_JJ handling_NN1 of_IO paint_NN1 ,_, an_AT1 approach_NN1 that_CST Sandzen_NP1 soon_RR adopted_VVN ._. 
He_PPHS1 considered_VVD Zorn_NP1 to_TO be_VBI brilliant_JJ and_CC ,_, although_CS Sandzen_NP1 's_GE palette_NN1 developed_VVN into_II a_AT1 much_RR lighter-colored_JJR ,_, higher-keyed_JJR tonality_NN1 ,_, Zorn_NP1 's_GE emphasis_NN1 on_II the_AT significance_NN1 of_IO color_NN1 was_VBDZ crucial_JJ for_IF him_PPHO1 ._. 
It_PPH1 must_VM have_VHI pleased_VVN him_PPHO1 a_RR31 great_RR32 deal_RR33 when_CS his_APPGE teacher_NN1 expressed_VVD admiration_NN1 for_IF his_APPGE handling_NN1 and_CC understanding_NN1 of_IO color_NN1 ._. 
Following_VVG his_APPGE studies_NN2 at_II Zorn_NP1 's_GE school_NN1 ,_, Sandzen_NP1 left_VVD Stockholm_NP1 to_TO study_VVI in_II Paris_NP1 ,_, then_RT the_AT most_RGT vital_JJ art_NN1 center_NN1 of_IO the_AT world_NN1 ._. 
He_PPHS1 studied_VVD with_IW Edmond-Franois_NP1 Aman-Jean_NP1 (_( 1860-1935_MCMC )_) ,_, a_AT1 painter_NN1 connected_VVN with_IW Impressionism_NN1 who_PNQS had_VHD for_IF a_AT1 time_NNT1 shared_VVD a_AT1 studio_NN1 with_IW Pointillist_JJ painter_NN1 Georges_NP1 Seurat_NP1 (_( 1859-1891_MCMC )_) ._. 
The_AT association_NN1 with_IW Aman-Jean_NP1 had_VHD a_AT1 lasting_JJ impact_NN1 on_II Sandzen_NP1 's_GE style_NN1 and_CC handling_NN1 of_IO color_NN1 ,_, especially_RR during_II a_AT1 period_NN1 in_II the_AT first_MD decade_NNT1 of_IO the_AT twentieth_MD century_NNT1 when_RRQ he_PPHS1 worked_VVD in_II a_AT1 distinctly_RR pointillist_JJ manner_NN1 ,_, applying_VVG his_APPGE paint_NN1 in_II small_JJ points_NN2 or_CC blobs_NN2 that_CST the_AT viewer_NN1 's_GE eye_NN1 blended_VVD together_RL to_TO form_VVI a_AT1 vibrant_JJ image_NN1 ._. 
Sandzen_NP1 came_VVD to_II America_NP1 expecting_VVG to_TO stay_VVI for_IF only_RR two_MC years_NNT2 ,_, but_CCB his_APPGE residency_NN1 in_II Lindsborg_NP1 extended_VVD for_IF the_AT remainder_NN1 of_IO his_APPGE life_NN1 ,_, and_CC he_PPHS1 served_VVD on_II the_AT Bethany_NN1 faculty_NN1 until_CS his_APPGE retirement_NN1 in_II 1946_MC ._. 
This_DD1 longevity_NN1 had_VHD much_DA1 to_TO do_VDI with_IW the_AT artist_NN1 's_GE sense_NN1 of_IO loyalty_NN1 to_II his_APPGE new_JJ institution_NN1 ,_, and_CC was_VBDZ also_RR related_VVN to_II the_AT presence_NN1 in_II Kansas_NP1 of_IO Alfrida_NP1 Leksell_NP1 ,_, whom_PNQO he_PPHS1 met_VVD at_II Bethany_NP1 only_RR a_AT1 few_DA2 days_NNT2 after_II his_APPGE arrival_NN1 and_CC whom_PNQO he_PPHS1 married_VVD in_II 1900_MC ._. 
Sandzen_NP1 returned_VVD to_II Sweden_NP1 three_MC times_NNT2 for_IF visits_NN2 ,_, but_CCB never_RR moved_VVN back_RP to_II his_APPGE native_JJ country_NN1 ._. 
He_PPHS1 also_RR never_RR accepted_JJ offers_NN2 of_IO teaching_VVG positions_NN2 from_II the_AT numerous_JJ other_JJ schools_NN2 that_CST tried_VVD to_TO tempt_VVI him_PPHO1 away_II21 from_II22 Bethany_NP1 ._. 
One_MC1 of_IO these_DD2 was_VBDZ Gustavus_NP1 Adolphus_NP1 College_NN1 ,_, in_II 1902_MC or_CC 1903_MC ,_, and_CC while_CS Sandzen_NP1 never_RR taught_VVN at_II Gustavus_NP1 ,_, he_PPHS1 had_VHD a_AT1 direct_JJ impact_NN1 on_II its_APPGE art_NN1 program_NN1 because_CS one_MC1 of_IO his_APPGE pupils_NN2 ,_, Lorena_NP1 Daeschner_NP1 Hall_NN1 ,_, in_II 1938_MC became_VVD the_AT College_NN1 's_GE first_MD art_NN1 instructor_NN1 ._. 
In_II 1941_MC ,_, Hall_NP1 brought_VVD her_APPGE former_DA mentor_NN1 to_II campus_NN1 for_IF a_AT1 lecture_NN1 and_CC exhibition_NN1 ,_, and_CC a_AT1 number_NN1 of_IO other_JJ works_NN by_II Sandzen_NP1 in_II the_AT Museum_NN1 's_GE collection_NN1 came_VVD to_II Gustavus_NP1 as_II a_AT1 result_NN1 of_IO that_DD1 visit_NN1 ,_, including_II two_MC additional_JJ oil_NN1 paintings_NN2 besides_II Dry_JJ Creek_NN1 Bed_NN1 ,_, Kansas_NP1 ._. 
Soon_RR after_II arriving_VVG from_II Sweden_NP1 in_II 1894_MC ,_, Sandzen_NP1 began_VVD traversing_VVG the_AT countryside_NN1 around_II Lindsborg_NP1 on_II sketching_VVG trips_NN2 ,_, which_DDQ became_VVD the_AT inspiration_NN1 for_IF many_DA2 of_IO his_APPGE paintings_NN2 and_CC prints_NN2 ._. 
Sandzen_NN1 was_VBDZ devoted_JJ to_II the_AT state_NN1 's_GE scenery_NN1 ,_, both_RR near_II Lindsborg_NP1 and_CC farther_RRR west_ND1 in_II Graham_NP1 County_NN1 ,_, around_II the_AT farm_NN1 acquired_VVN in_II 1906_MC by_II his_APPGE in-laws_NN2 ,_, Erik_NP1 and_CC Charlotte_NP1 Leksell_NP1 ._. 
His_APPGE interest_NN1 in_II Kansas_NP1 '_GE relatively_RR gentle_JJ topography_NN1 did_VDD not_XX diminish_VVI after_CS he_PPHS1 became_VVD acquainted_VVN with_IW more_RGR spectacular_JJ locations_NN2 like_II the_AT Rockies_NP2 ,_, and_CC it_PPH1 should_VM not_XX be_VBI thought_VVN that_CST his_APPGE preference_NN1 was_VBDZ for_IF other_JJ states_NN2 like_II Colorado_NP1 ._. 
In_II his_APPGE 1915_MC article_NN1 "_" The_AT Southwest_ND1 as_II a_AT1 Sketching_NN1 Ground_NN1 ,_, "_" he_PPHS1 praised_VVD the_AT picturesque_JJ qualities_NN2 of_IO the_AT rolling_JJ prairies_NN2 ,_, shallow_JJ ravines_NN2 ,_, and_CC creek_NN1 beds_NN2 of_IO Kansas_NP1 ,_, writing_VVG that_CST he_PPHS1 considered_VVD such_DA features_NN2 to_TO be_VBI "_" an_AT1 ideal_JJ sketching_NN1 ground_NN1 ._. "_" 
Sandzen_NN1 ,_, furthermore_RR ,_, felt_VVD that_DD1 color_NN1 was_VBDZ crucial_JJ in_II the_AT artist_NN1 's_GE creation_NN1 of_IO structure_NN1 ,_, which_DDQ he_PPHS1 thought_VVD needed_VVN to_TO be_VBI built_VVN up_RP from_II the_AT start_NN1 with_IW color_NN1 ,_, instead_II21 of_II22 the_AT frequent_JJ practice_NN1 of_IO shaping_JJ forms_NN2 monochromatically_RR and_CC adding_VVG hues_NN2 over_II top_NN1 ._. 
Many_DA2 of_IO his_APPGE pencil_NN1 sketches_NN2 were_VBDR annotated_VVN with_IW color_NN1 indications_NN2 for_IF guidance_NN1 in_II the_AT paintings_NN2 derived_VVN from_II them_PPHO2 ._. 
In_II his_APPGE 1915_MC article_NN1 "_" The_AT Technique_NN1 of_IO Painting_NN1 ,_, "_" Sandzen_NP1 stated_VVD his_APPGE belief_NN1 that_CST the_AT weak_JJ point_NN1 in_II Western_JJ art_NN1 of_IO his_APPGE period_NN1 was_VBDZ its_APPGE color_NN1 treatment_NN1 ,_, later_RRR pleading_VVG ,_, "_" ..._... let_VV0 us_PPIO2 experiment_NN1 and_CC learn_VVI to_TO know_VVI the_AT joy_NN1 of_IO orchestral_JJ color_NN1 ._. "_" 
His_APPGE daughter_NN1 ,_, noting_VVG that_DD1 other_JJ painters_NN2 of_IO his_APPGE era_NN1 such_II21 as_II22 Regionalists_NN2 worked_VVN with_IW colors_NN2 that_CST were_VBDR less_RGR brilliant_JJ ,_, once_RR asked_VVD if_CS he_PPHS1 might_VM consider_VVI toning_VVG down_RP his_APPGE works_NN and_CC letting_VVG the_AT dust_NN1 of_IO the_AT landscape_NN1 be_VBI seen_VVN ._. 
Sandzen_NP1 's_GE reply_NN1 was_VBDZ that_CST it_PPH1 would_VM soon_RR rain_VVI and_CC the_AT colors_NN2 would_VM again_RT return_VVI to_II their_APPGE brilliance_NN1 ._. 
He_PPHS1 also_RR told_VVD Margaret_NP1 ,_, "_" Painting_NN1 is_VBZ mainly_RR color_VV0 expression_NN1 ,_, although_CS other_JJ elements_NN2 are_VBR necessary_JJ ,_, such_II21 as_II22 form_NN1 and_CC composition_NN1 ,_, harmony_NN1 and_CC contrast_NN1 ._. "_" 
And_CC he_PPHS1 told_VVD her_PPHO1 that_CST if_CS he_PPHS1 were_VBDR to_TO choose_VVI just_RR one_MC1 painter_NN1 from_II recent_JJ times_NNT2 who_PNQS could_VM rank_VVI with_IW the_AT great_JJ masters_NN2 of_IO the_AT past_NN1 ,_, it_PPH1 would_VM be_VBI French_JJ Impressionist_JJ Pierre-Auguste_NP1 Renoir_NP1 (_( 1841-1919_MCMC )_) --_NN1 an_AT1 artist_NN1 known_VVN especially_RR for_IF his_APPGE bright_JJ and_CC cheerful_JJ colors_NN2 ._. 
Although_CS Sandzen_NP1 did_VDD not_XX formally_RR study_VVI geology_NN1 ,_, it_PPH1 was_VBDZ of_IO interest_NN1 to_II him_PPHO1 ,_, and_CC it_PPH1 was_VBDZ a_AT1 subject_NN1 that_CST was_VBDZ emphasized_VVN at_II Bethany_NP1 in_II its_APPGE early_JJ years_NNT2 ._. 
The_AT first_MD teacher_NN1 at_II the_AT College_NN1 ,_, Johan_NP1 A._NP1 Udden_NP1 ,_, was_VBDZ a_AT1 geologist_NN1 who_PNQS became_VVD prominent_JJ in_II the_AT field_NN1 ._. 
He_PPHS1 left_VVD Bethany_NP1 before_II Sandzen_NP1 's_GE arrival_NN1 ,_, however_RR ,_, teaching_VVG for_IF many_DA2 years_NNT2 thereafter_RT at_II Augustana_NP1 College_NN1 in_II Rock_NP1 Island_NNL1 ,_, Illinois_NP1 ,_, but_CCB prior_II21 to_II22 his_APPGE departure_NN1 ,_, he_PPHS1 worked_VVD on_II geological_JJ field_NN1 studies_NN2 in_II the_AT area_NN1 ._. 
A_AT1 colleague_NN1 who_PNQS had_VHD collaborated_VVN with_IW Udden_NP1 ,_, John_NP1 E._NP1 Welin_NP1 ,_, was_VBDZ Professor_NN1 of_IO Natural_JJ History_NN1 and_CC Geology_NN1 at_II Bethany_NP1 when_RRQ Sandzen_NP1 arrived_VVD in_II 1894_MC ._. 
At_II that_DD1 time_NNT1 ,_, Bethany_NP1 students_NN2 studied_VVD mineralogy_NN1 in_II their_APPGE junior_JJ year_NNT1 and_CC geology_NN1 in_II their_APPGE senior_JJ year_NNT1 ._. 
Sandzen_NN1 was_VBDZ on_II friendly_JJ terms_NN2 with_IW Welin_NP1 ,_, and_CC must_VM have_VHI had_VHN many_DA2 opportunities_NN2 to_TO discuss_VVI geology_NN1 and_CC his_APPGE interest_NN1 in_II rocks_NN2 with_IW him_PPHO1 ._. 
Sandzen_NN1 also_RR developed_VVN a_AT1 friendship_NN1 with_IW prominent_JJ geologist_NN1 Fritioff_NN1 M._NN1 Fryxell_NP1 ,_, a_AT1 noted_JJ expert_NN1 on_II the_AT Grand_NP1 Teton_NP1 Mountains_NNL2 who_PNQS taught_VVD at_II Augustana_NP1 College_NN1 ._. 
He_PPHS1 and_CC the_AT artist_NN1 made_VVD hiking_VVG trips_NN2 into_II the_AT Rocky_NP1 Mountains_NNL2 around_II Estes_NP1 Park_NN1 ,_, Colorado_NP1 ,_, where_CS Sandzen_NP1 spent_VVD many_DA2 of_IO his_APPGE summers_NNT2 in_II the_AT late_JJ 1920s_MC2 and_CC 1930s_MC2 ,_, and_CC they_PPHS2 doubtless_RR discussed_VVN at_II some_DD length_NN1 the_AT geology_NN1 of_IO the_AT area_NN1 ._. 
Fryxell_NN1 was_VBDZ an_AT1 advocate_NN1 for_IF landscape_NN1 painters_NN2 and_CC ,_, as_II a_AT1 result_NN1 of_IO his_APPGE promotion_NN1 of_IO Sandzen_NP1 ,_, there_EX are_VBR several_DA2 works_NN by_II the_AT artist_NN1 in_II the_AT collection_NN1 of_IO the_AT Augustana_NP1 College_NN1 Art_NN1 Museum_NN1 ._. 
Water_NN1 is_VBZ ,_, of_RR21 course_RR22 ,_, of_IO fundamental_JJ importance_NN1 not_XX only_RR in_II shaping_VVG the_AT land_NN1 but_CCB also_RR in_II sustaining_VVG life_NN1 on_II earth_NN1 ,_, and_CC the_AT current_JJ state_NN1 of_IO world_NN1 water_NN1 resources_NN2 is_VBZ under_II consideration_NN1 at_II the_AT 2010_MC annual_JJ Nobel_NP1 Conference_NN1 of_IO Gustavus_NP1 Adolphus_NP1 College_NN1 ,_, titled_VVN "_" H2O_FO :_: Uncertain_JJ Resource_NN1 ._. "_" 
In_II31 conjunction_II32 with_II33 this_DD1 theme_NN1 ,_, two_MC important_JJ points_NN2 of_IO geological_JJ interest_NN1 can_VM be_VBI made_VVN about_II Dry_JJ Creek_NN1 Bed_NN1 ,_, Kansas_NP1 ._. 
The_AT exposed_JJ rock_NN1 formations_NN2 lining_VVG the_AT valley_NN1 walls_NN2 of_IO the_AT creek_NN1 bed_NN1 ,_, indicated_VVN with_IW the_AT pinks_NN2 and_CC creams_NN2 of_IO Sandzen_NP1 's_GE palette_NN1 ,_, are_VBR suggestive_JJ of_IO the_AT Ogallala_NP1 Formation_NN1 ,_, a_AT1 fluvial_JJ sedimentary_JJ deposit_NN1 derived_VVN from_II ancestral_JJ streams_NN2 flowing_VVG off_II the_AT emerging_JJ Rocky_NP1 Mountains_NNL2 during_II the_AT period_NN1 from_II about_RG ten_MC to_II two_MC million_NNO years_NNT2 ago_RA (_( the_AT late_JJ Miocene_JJ to_II Pliocene_NP1 periods_NN2 )_) ._. 
The_AT state_NN1 geologic_JJ map_NN1 verifies_VVZ that_CST the_AT Ogallala_NP1 Formation_NN1 is_VBZ indeed_RR present_JJ in_II the_AT headward_JJ areas_NN2 of_IO Wild_JJ Horse_NN1 Creek_NN1 in_II Graham_NP1 County_NN1 ._. 
The_AT Ogallala_NP1 Formation_NN1 is_VBZ an_AT1 extensive_JJ unit_NN1 underlying_VVG much_DA1 of_IO the_AT High_JJ Plains_NN2 ,_, ranging_VVG from_II South_NP1 Dakota_NP1 into_II Texas_NP1 and_CC eastern_JJ New_NP1 Mexico_NP1 ,_, covering_VVG over_RG 111.4_MC million_NNO acres_NNU2 (_( 174,000_MC square_JJ miles_NNU2 )_) ._. 
While_CS relatively_RR thin_JJ in_II the_AT area_NN1 depicted_VVN in_II the_AT painting_NN1 by_II Sandzen_NP1 ,_, the_AT Ogallala_NP1 Formation_NN1 in_II some_DD locations_NN2 reaches_VVZ thicknesses_NN2 of_IO over_RG 1000_MC feet_NN2 ._. 
It_PPH1 consists_VVZ mostly_RR of_IO sands_NN2 ,_, silts_NN2 ,_, and_CC gravels_NN2 ,_, much_DA1 of_IO it_PPH1 relatively_RR unconsolidated_JJ ,_, allowing_VVG for_IF good_JJ porosity_NN1 and_CC permeability_NN1 and_CC making_VVG it_PPH1 able_JK to_TO hold_VVI large_JJ amounts_NN2 of_IO groundwater_NN1 ._. 
Also_RR called_VVN the_AT High_JJ Plains_NN2 Aquifer_VV0 ,_, the_AT Ogallala_NP1 Formation_NN1 is_VBZ the_AT principal_JJ source_NN1 of_IO water_NN1 supplying_VVG the_AT Great_JJ Plains_NN2 region_NN1 ,_, with_IW water_NN1 from_II it_PPH1 irrigating_JJ one-fifth_MF of_IO all_DB U.S._NP1 cropland_NN1 ._. 
Although_CS these_DD2 crucial_JJ considerations_NN2 of_IO the_AT water_NN1 resources_NN2 in_II the_AT area_NN1 around_II Wild_JJ Horse_NN1 Creek_NN1 would_VM no_RR21 doubt_RR22 have_VHI been_VBN deeply_RR interesting_JJ and_CC disturbing_JJ to_II Sandzen_NP1 ,_, it_PPH1 is_VBZ unlikely_JJ that_CST in_II 1912_MC ,_, when_RRQ he_PPHS1 painted_VVD Dry_JJ Creek_NN1 Bed_NN1 ,_, Kansas_NP1 ,_, anybody_PN1 was_VBDZ concerned_JJ about_II the_AT availability_NN1 or_CC quality_NN1 of_IO water_NN1 in_II the_AT region_NN1 ._. 
