The_AT Man_NN1 Who_PNQS Made_VVD Oz_NP1 In_II 1900_MC ,_, a_AT1 44-year-old_JJ L._NP1 Frank_NP1 Baum_NP1 published_VVD The_AT Wonderful_JJ Wizard_NN1 of_IO Oz_NP1 and_CC became_VVD the_AT father_NN1 of_IO the_AT American_JJ fairy_NN1 tale_NN1 ._. 
The_AT book_NN1 was_VBDZ a_AT1 commercial_JJ and_CC critical_JJ success_NN1 ._. 
The_AT story_NN1 of_IO the_AT orphaned_JJ Dorothy_NP1 Gale_NP1 ,_, whisked_VVN by_II a_AT1 tornado_NN1 away_II21 from_II22 gray_JJ ,_, impoverished_JJ Kansas_NP1 to_II the_AT magical_JJ land_NN1 of_IO Oz_NP1 ,_, captured_VVD the_AT hearts_NN2 of_IO children_NN2 and_CC adults_NN2 who_PNQS had_VHD lived_VVN through_II an_AT1 economic_JJ crisis_NN1 but_CCB saw_VVD all_DB around_II them_PPHO2 the_AT thrum_NN1 of_IO invention_NN1 and_CC change_NN1 ._. 
As_II a_AT1 young_JJ country_NN1 abuzz_NN1 with_IW "_" progress_NN1 ,_, "_" the_AT United_NP1 States_NP1 needed_VVD a_AT1 different_JJ kind_NN1 of_IO fairy_NN1 tale_NN1 ._. 
A_AT1 truly_RR American_JJ myth_NN1 could_VM not_XX merely_RR invoke_VVI Celtic_JJ wraiths_NN2 or_CC Bavarian_JJ dark_JJ forest_NN1 goblins_NN2 ._. 
It_PPH1 would_VM have_VHI to_TO include_VVI the_AT drive_NN1 to_TO innovate_VVI that_CST launched_VVD the_AT Gilded_JJ Age_NN1 and_CC made_VVD America_NP1 the_AT archetypal_JJ modern_JJ industrial_JJ nation_NN1 during_II the_AT very_JJ decades_NNT2 when_RRQ Baum_NP1 's_GE imagination_NN1 was_VBDZ formed_VVN ._. 
Two_MC new_JJ biographies_NN2 ,_, Evan_NP1 I._NP1 Schwartz_NP1 's_GE Finding_NN1 Oz_NP1 and_CC Rebecca_NP1 Loncraine_NP1 's_GE The_AT Real_JJ Wizard_NN1 of_IO Oz_NP1 --_NN1 released_VVN in_II31 conjunction_II32 with_II33 the_AT 70th_MD anniversary_NN1 of_IO the_AT iconic_JJ MGM_NP1 film_NN1 --_NN1 show_VV0 that_CST Baum_NP1 was_VBDZ uniquely_RR suited_VVN for_IF this_DD1 task_NN1 ._. 
He_PPHS1 was_VBDZ poised_VVN at_II the_AT crossroads_NN1 of_IO his_APPGE era_NN1 --_NN1 swept_VVD up_RP in_II burgeoning_JJ feminism_NN1 ,_, the_AT acceleration_NN1 of_IO new_JJ technologies_NN2 ,_, and_CC the_AT rise_NN1 of_IO huckster_NN1 salesmanship_NN1 ._. 
Born_VVN in_II 1856_MC ,_, he_PPHS1 grew_VVD up_RP in_II the_AT bustling_JJ canal_NN1 town_NN1 of_IO Syracuse_NP1 ,_, N.Y._NP1 ,_, after_CS his_APPGE father_NN1 made_VVD money_NN1 in_II the_AT oil_NN1 fields_NN2 ._. 
A_AT1 dreamy_JJ ,_, sickly_JJ child_NN1 ,_, Baum_NP1 devoured_VVD the_AT Brothers_NN2 Grimm_NP1 and_CC Hans_NP1 Christian_NP1 Andersen_NP1 ._. 
He_PPHS1 told_VVD his_APPGE sisters_NN2 he_PPHS1 would_VM write_VVI "_" a_AT1 great_JJ novel_NN1 that_CST should_VM bring_VVI me_PPIO1 fame_NN1 ._. "_" 
But_CCB he_PPHS1 also_RR reveled_VVD in_II newfangled_JJ inventions_NN2 like_II the_AT printing_NN1 press_NN1 (_( which_DDQ ,_, as_CSA a_AT1 teenager_NN1 ,_, he_PPHS1 used_VMK to_TO put_VVI out_RP a_AT1 literary_JJ journal_NN1 )_) and_CC ,_, later_RRR ,_, bicycles_NN2 ,_, Model_NN1 Ts_ZZ2 ,_, and_CC movies_NN2 ._. 
As_II a_AT1 young_JJ man_NN1 ,_, he_PPHS1 opened_VVD a_AT1 bazaar_NN1 ,_, sold_VVD china_NN1 door-to-door_JJ ,_, helped_VVN manage_VVI his_APPGE father_NN1 's_GE company_NN1 ,_, and_CC edited_VVD The_AT Show_NN1 Window_NN1 ,_, a_AT1 trade_NN1 journal_NN1 instructing_VVG storeowners_NN2 in_II the_AT art_NN1 of_IO luring_VVG customers_NN2 with_IW "_" window_NN1 dressing_VVG ._. "_" 
The_AT Baum_NP1 family_NN1 home_RL ,_, an_AT1 idyllic_JJ spot_NN1 known_VVN as_II "_" Rose_NP1 Lawn_NN1 ,_, "_" was_VBDZ bounded_VVN by_II a_AT1 plank_NN1 road_NN1 that_CST led_VVD merchants_NN2 to_II the_AT Erie_NP1 Canal_NN1 ._. 
In_II Baum_NP1 's_GE formative_JJ years_NNT2 ,_, both_DB2 biographers_NN2 remind_VV0 us_PPIO2 ,_, the_AT author_NN1 would_VM have_VHI heard_VVN much_DA1 debate_NN1 about_II the_AT rise_NN1 of_IO robber_NN1 barons_NN2 (_( Carnegie_NP1 ,_, Mellon_NP1 ,_, Rockefeller_NP1 )_) ,_, Reconstruction_NN1 ,_, the_AT new_JJ energies_NN2 of_IO spiritualists_NN2 ,_, and_CC the_AT Manifest_JJ Destiny_NN1 by_II which_DDQ the_AT U.S._NP1 Army_NN1 justified_VVN its_APPGE genocidal_JJ attitudes_NN2 toward_II many_DA2 remaining_JJ Native_JJ American_JJ tribes_NN2 ._. 
The_AT Wonderful_JJ Wizard_NN1 of_IO Oz_NP1 is_VBZ a_AT1 traditional_JJ fairy_NN1 tale_NN1 to_II which_DDQ Baum_NP1 added_VVD a_AT1 peculiarly_RR American_JJ twist:the_FO humbug_NN1 ._. 
In_II31 addition_II32 to_II33 the_AT usual_JJ talking_NN1 animals_NN2 ,_, evil_JJ witches_NN2 ,_, scary_JJ forest_NN1 ,_, and_CC challenges_NN2 to_TO be_VBI overcome_VVN ,_, Oz_NP1 has_VHZ at_II its_APPGE core_NN1 a_AT1 fraud_NN1 ._. 
The_AT Wizard_NN1 is_VBZ not_XX a_AT1 real_JJ wizard_NN1 ,_, but_CCB a_AT1 lost_JJ American_JJ balloonist_NN1 who_PNQS uses_VVZ stage_NN1 tricks_VVZ --_NN1 hanging_VVG a_AT1 disembodied_JJ head_NN1 by_II a_AT1 wire_NN1 ,_, for_REX21 example_REX22 --_JJ to_TO fool_VVI people_NN into_II thinking_VVG he_PPHS1 is_VBZ powerful_JJ ._. 
Deploying_VVG spectacle_NN1 to_TO impress_VVI his_APPGE guests_NN2 ,_, he_PPHS1 sends_VVZ Dorothy_NP1 and_CC her_APPGE companions_NN2 to_TO kill_VVI the_AT Wicked_JJ Witch_NN1 of_IO the_AT West_ND1 (_( who_PNQS has_VHZ real_JJ magic_JJ powers_NN2 )_) ._. 
When_CS they_PPHS2 return_VV0 ,_, successful_JJ ,_, they_PPHS2 discover_VV0 the_AT truth_NN1 :_: Toto_NP1 ,_, scared_VVN by_II Oz_NP1 's_GE roar_NN1 ,_, tips_VVZ over_RP a_AT1 screen_NN1 the_AT Wizard_NN1 hides_VVZ behind_RL ._. 
There_EX stands_VVZ "_" a_RR21 little_RR22 old_JJ man_NN1 ,_, with_IW a_AT1 bald_JJ head_NN1 and_CC a_AT1 wrinkled_JJ face_NN1 ._. "_" 
He_PPHS1 pleads_VVZ ,_, "_" ..._... do_VD0 n't_XX strike_VVI me_PPIO1 --_JJ please_RR do_VD0 n't_XX ...._... 
I_PPIS1 'll_VM do_VDI anything_PN1 you_PPY want_VV0 me_PPIO1 to_TO ...._... 
I_PPIS1 'm_VBM just_RR a_AT1 common_JJ man_NN1 ._. "_" 
"_" You_PPY 're_VBR more_DAR than_CSN that_DD1 ,_, "_" retorts_VVZ the_AT Scarecrow_NN1 ._. 
"_" You_PPY 're_VBR a_AT1 humbug_NN1 ._. "_" 
Soon_RR enough_RR ,_, the_AT Wizard_NN1 recovers_VVZ from_II his_APPGE mortification_NN1 ;_; he_PPHS1 is_VBZ proud_JJ to_TO show_VVI off_RP how_RRQ he_PPHS1 duped_VVD his_APPGE guests_NN2 ._. 
"_" Barnum_NN1 was_VBDZ right_RR when_CS he_PPHS1 declared_VVD that_CST the_AT American_JJ people_NN love_VV0 to_TO be_VBI deceived_VVN ,_, "_" Baum_NP1 once_RR wrote_VVD of_IO one_MC1 of_IO his_APPGE heroes_NN2 ._. 
Strikingly_RR ,_, even_RR after_II the_AT Wizard_NN1 reveals_VVZ his_APPGE con_NN1 ,_, the_AT Lion_NN1 ,_, the_AT Tin_NN1 Man_NN1 ,_, and_CC the_AT Scarecrow_NN1 still_RR ask_VV0 for_IF his_APPGE aid_NN1 ._. 
Like_II the_AT quack_NN1 he_PPHS1 is_VBZ ,_, he_PPHS1 obliges_VVZ ,_, stuffing_VVG the_AT Scarecrow_NP1 's_GE head_NN1 with_IW pins_NN2 ._. 
The_AT Wizard_NN1 ,_, you_PPY might_VM say_VVI ,_, is_VBZ America_NP1 's_GE first_MD celebrity_NN1 guru_NN1 :_: an_AT1 ur-Dr_NNB ._. 
Phil_NP1 ,_, using_VVG charisma_NN1 and_CC a_AT1 screen_NN1 to_TO project_VVI authority_NN1 and_CC wisdom_NN1 he_PPHS1 does_VDZ n't_XX truly_RR have_VHI ._. 
If_CS Oz_NP1 and_CC its_APPGE sequels_NN2 are_VBR shaped_VVN by_II Baum_NP1 's_GE sharp_JJ eye_NN1 for_IF the_AT theater_NN1 of_IO commerce_NN1 ,_, they_PPHS2 are_VBR also_RR shaped_VVN by_II his_APPGE wishful_JJ revisions_NN2 of_IO social_JJ conflict_NN1 ._. 
Notably_RR ,_, The_AT Wonderful_JJ Wizard_NN1 of_IO Oz_NP1 offered_VVD a_AT1 paean_NN1 to_II strong_JJ women_NN2 at_II a_AT1 moment_NN1 when_RRQ suffragettes_NN2 were_VBDR agitating_VVG for_IF the_AT vote_NN1 ._. 
The_AT book_NN1 's_GE hero-protagonist_NN1 ,_, obviously_RR ,_, is_VBZ a_AT1 girl_NN1 ._. 
In_II Kansas_NP1 ,_, her_APPGE lively_JJ laugh_NN1 repeatedly_RR startles_VVZ her_APPGE worn-down_JJ aunt_NN1 ._. 
In_II Oz_NP1 ,_, she_PPHS1 effortlessly_RR (_( and_CC intuitively_RR )_) kills_VVZ the_AT evil_JJ witches_NN2 subjugating_VVG the_AT natives_NN2 ._. 
Indeed_RR ,_, all_DB of_IO Oz_NP1 's_GE strongest_JJT figures_NN2 are_VBR women_NN2 --_JJ Glinda_NP1 ,_, the_AT Good_JJ Witch_NN1 of_IO the_AT South_ND1 ;_; the_AT Good_JJ Witch_NN1 of_IO the_AT North_ND1 (_( not_XX in_II the_AT film_NN1 )_) ;_; and_CC the_AT two_MC Wicked_JJ Witches_NN2 ._. 
Baum_NP1 ,_, who_PNQS publicly_RR supported_VVN women_NN2 's_GE right_JJ to_TO vote_NN1 ,_, was_VBDZ deeply_RR affected_VVN by_II his_APPGE beloved_JJ ,_, spirited_JJ wife_NN1 ,_, Maud_NP1 ,_, and_CC her_APPGE mother_NN1 ,_, Matilda_NP1 ,_, an_AT1 eminent_JJ feminist_NN1 who_PNQS collaborated_VVD with_IW Susan_NP1 B._NP1 Anthony_NP1 and_CC publicized_VVD the_AT idea_NN1 that_CST many_DA2 "_" witches_NN2 "_" were_VBDR really_RR freethinking_VVG women_NN2 ahead_II21 of_II22 their_APPGE time_NNT1 ._. 
In_II Oz_NP1 ,_, Baum_NP1 offers_VVZ a_AT1 similarly_RR corrective_JJ vision_NN1 :_: When_RRQ Dorothy_NP1 first_MD meets_VVZ a_AT1 witch_NN1 ,_, the_AT Witch_NN1 of_IO the_AT North_ND1 ,_, she_PPHS1 says_VVZ ,_, "_" I_PPIS1 thought_VVD all_DB witches_NN2 were_VBDR wicked_JJ ._. "_" 
"_" Oh_UH ,_, no_UH ,_, that_DD1 is_VBZ a_AT1 great_JJ mistake_NN1 ,_, "_" replies_VVZ the_AT Witch_NN1 of_IO the_AT North_ND1 ._. 
In_II sequels_NN2 ,_, Oz_NP1 's_GE true_JJ ruler_NN1 is_VBZ discovered_VVN ;_; it_PPH1 turns_VVZ out_RP to_TO be_VBI a_AT1 girl_NN1 named_VVN Ozma_NP1 ,_, who_PNQS spent_VVD her_APPGE youth_NN1 under_II a_AT1 spell_NN1 --_JJ one_PN1 that_CST turned_VVD her_PPHO1 into_II a_AT1 hapless_JJ boy_NN1 ._. 
One_PN1 can_VM imagine_VVI Baum_NP1 winking_VVG on_II the_AT page_NN1 at_II his_APPGE wife_NN1 and_CC mother-in-law_NN1 ._. 
In_II his_APPGE own_DA life_NN1 ,_, Maud_NP1 was_VBDZ the_AT strong_JJ ,_, practical_JJ one_PN1 who_PNQS kept_VVD things_NN2 running_VVG ._. 
By_II comparison_NN1 ,_, he_PPHS1 must_VM have_VHI seemed_VVN the_AT feckless_JJ humbug_NN1 ,_, trying_VVG one_MC1 endeavor_NN1 after_II another_DD1 before_II succeeding_VVG as_II an_AT1 author_NN1 ._. 
Or_CC so_RR Baum_NP1 at_II times_NNT2 viewed_VVD himself_PPX1 ,_, his_APPGE biographers_NN2 suggest_VV0 ._. 
His_APPGE career_NN1 --_NN1 he_PPHS1 began_VVD as_II a_AT1 salesman_NN1 of_IO the_AT family_NN1 axle_NN1 oil_NN1 (_( "_" so_RR smooth_VV0 it_PPH1 will_VM make_VVI your_APPGE horse_NN1 talk_NN1 ,_, "_" he_PPHS1 would_VM say_VVI )_) and_CC ended_VVD broke_JJ --_NN1 indeed_RR lacked_VVD a_AT1 steady_JJ literary_JJ trajectory_NN1 ._. 
But_CCB he_PPHS1 was_VBDZ not_XX a_AT1 mere_JJ hack_NN1 ,_, though_CS he_PPHS1 wrote_VVD scores_NN2 of_IO schlocky_JJ books_NN2 for_IF children_NN2 under_II pseudonyms_NN2 to_TO make_VVI money_NN1 ._. 
At_II his_APPGE core_NN1 ,_, Baum_NP1 was_VBDZ an_AT1 impresario_NN1 of_IO illusion_NN1 ,_, fascinated_VVN by_II the_AT allure_NN1 of_IO utopian_JJ possibility_NN1 ,_, however_RGQV implausible_JJ ._. 
Often_RR read_VVN as_II a_AT1 political_JJ allegory_NN1 about_II the_AT move_NN1 away_II21 from_II22 the_AT gold_NN1 standard_NN1 (_( you_PPY can_VM learn_VVI more_RRR about_II that_DD1 interpretation_NN1 here_RL )_) ,_, The_AT Wonderful_JJ Wizard_NN1 of_IO Oz_NP1 is_VBZ more_RGR broadly_RR a_AT1 portrait_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 country_NN1 America_NP1 promised_VVD to_TO be_VBI but_CCB never_RR became_VVD ._. 
The_AT book_NN1 and_CC its_APPGE sequels_NN2 offer_VV0 a_AT1 recuperative_JJ vision_NN1 ,_, born_VVN of_IO intense_JJ hopes_NN2 and_CC disappointments_NN2 that_CST did_VDD not_XX add_VVI up_RP in_II life_NN1 ._. 
And_CC if_CS the_AT tensions_NN2 show_VV0 through_RP ,_, that_DD1 is_VBZ part_NN1 of_IO the_AT works_NN '_GE power_NN1 ._. 
Thus_RR in_II Oz_NP1 ,_, different_JJ races_NN2 (_( the_AT Munchkins_NP1 in_II the_AT East_ND1 ,_, the_AT Winkies_NP1 in_II the_AT West_ND1 ,_, and_CC the_AT Quadlings_NN2 in_II the_AT South_ND1 )_) mingle_VV0 democratically_RR ,_, and_CC war_NN1 is_VBZ the_AT ultimate_JJ ill_JJ ._. 
In_II one_MC1 way_NN1 ,_, Baum_NP1 was_VBDZ writing_VVG here_RL against_II himself_PPX1 and_CC demonstrating_VVG his_APPGE own_DA deep_JJ ambivalences_NN2 ._. 
While_CS he_PPHS1 lived_VVD in_II the_AT Dakota_NP1 Territory_NN1 ,_, shortly_RR before_II the_AT Battle_NN1 of_IO Wounded_JJ Knee_NN1 ,_, he_PPHS1 published_VVD two_MC militant_JJ editorials_NN2 calling_VVG for_IF the_AT extermination_NN1 of_IO the_AT remaining_JJ Sioux_NN on_II the_AT grounds_NN2 that_CST the_AT men_NN2 of_IO the_AT tribe_NN1 had_VHD lost_VVN their_APPGE authentic_JJ strength_NN1 ,_, becoming_VVG little_DA1 more_DAR than_CSN "_" whining_VVG curs_NN2 ._. "_" 
Here_RL is_VBZ the_AT flip_NN1 side_NN1 ,_, perhaps_RR ,_, of_IO his_APPGE dreams_NN2 of_IO female_JJ power_NN1 --_NN1 a_AT1 profound_JJ sense_NN1 of_IO disappointment_NN1 in_II male_JJ potential_NN1 ,_, not_XX just_RR among_II tribal_JJ warriors_NN2 ._. 
For_IF Baum_NP1 ,_, the_AT lure_NN1 of_IO progress_NN1 was_VBDZ similarly_RR double-edged_JJ ._. 
"_" There_EX 's_VBZ no_AT place_NN1 like_II home_NN1 ,_, "_" a_AT1 feel-good_JJ refrain_NN1 in_II the_AT movie_NN1 ,_, is_VBZ a_AT1 far_RG more_RGR complex_JJ statement_NN1 in_II the_AT book_NN1 ._. 
On_II the_AT one_MC1 hand_NN1 ,_, the_AT old_JJ familiar_JJ world_NN1 seems_VVZ better_JJR to_TO Dorothy_NP1 than_CSN this_DD1 bright_JJ new_JJ one_MC1 (_( to_II the_AT bafflement_NN1 of_IO the_AT Scarecrow_NN1 ,_, who_PNQS attributes_VVZ his_APPGE confusion_NN1 to_II his_APPGE lack_NN1 of_IO brains_NN2 )_) ._. 
On_II the_AT other_JJ ,_, Oz_NP1 is_VBZ clearly_RR the_AT more_RGR beneficent_JJ land_NN1 ,_, and_CC later_RRR in_II the_AT series_NN Dorothy_NP1 and_CC her_APPGE family_NN1 end_VV0 up_RP living_VVG there_RL ._. 
For_IF friends_NN2 they_PPHS2 have_VH0 companions_NN2 like_II the_AT Tin_NN1 Man_NN1 ,_, a_AT1 woodsman_NN1 who_PNQS has_VHZ replaced_VVN his_APPGE flesh_NN1 limbs_NN2 with_IW metal_NN1 ones_NN2 --_NN1 at_RR21 once_RR22 a_AT1 chilling_JJ and_CC a_AT1 curative_JJ vision_NN1 in_II an_AT1 era_NN1 haunted_VVN by_II amputated_JJ Civil_JJ War_NN1 veterans_NN2 ._. 
Baum_NP1 ,_, like_II many_DA2 of_IO his_APPGE peers_NN2 ,_, was_VBDZ at_RR21 once_RR22 enthralled_VVN and_CC unnerved_VVN by_II mechanization_NN1 ._. 
After_CS the_AT publication_NN1 of_IO The_AT Wonderful_JJ Wizard_NN1 of_IO Oz_NP1 ,_, it_PPH1 looked_VVD as_CS21 though_CS22 Baum_NP1 were_VBDR on_II track_NN1 to_II a_AT1 fairy-tale_NN1 ending_VVG himself_PPX1 ,_, as_CSA a_AT1 wizard_NN1 supplying_VVG just_RR the_AT fantasies_NN2 Americans_NN2 wanted_VVD ._. 
He_PPHS1 helped_VVD fashion_NN1 a_AT1 popular_JJ musical_NN1 based_VVN on_II the_AT play_NN1 ._. 
Later_RRR ,_, he_PPHS1 moved_VVD to_II Hollywood_NP1 and_CC started_VVD a_AT1 film_NN1 production_NN1 company_NN1 ,_, exploring_VVG ,_, ahead_II21 of_II22 his_APPGE time_NNT1 ,_, the_AT possibilities_NN2 of_IO special_JJ effects_NN2 ._. 
But_CCB in_II the_AT end_NN1 ,_, Baum_NP1 's_GE profligacy_NN1 and_CC grand_JJ movie_NN1 ambitions_NN2 ruined_VVD him_PPHO1 financially_RR ._. 
He_PPHS1 ended_VVD up_RP a_AT1 cautionary_JJ figure_NN1 for_IF an_AT1 era_NN1 of_IO speculative_JJ overreaching_NN1 ,_, and_CC a_AT1 victim_NN1 of_IO overwork_NN1 --_NN1 a_AT1 man_NN1 ,_, in_II other_JJ words_NN2 ,_, for_IF our_APPGE own_DA economic_JJ season_NNT1 ._. 
Eventually_RR ,_, Baum_NP1 sold_VVD the_AT copyright_NN1 to_II The_AT Wonderful_JJ Wizard_NN1 and_CC died_VVD of_IO exhaustion_NN1 in_II 1919_MC ,_, 20_MC years_NNT2 before_II the_AT MGM_NP1 film_NN1 was_VBDZ made_VVN ._. 
It_PPH1 seems_VVZ fitting_NN1 ,_, in_II retrospect_NN1 ,_, that_DD1 while_NNT1 in_II Baum_NP1 's_GE book_NN1 Oz_NP1 is_VBZ a_AT1 real_JJ place_NN1 ,_, in_II the_AT film_NN1 it_PPH1 is_VBZ just_RR a_AT1 dream_NN1 ._. 
Fairy_NN1 tales_NN2 ,_, after_II all_DB ,_, are_VBR not_XX reality_NN1 ._. 
