Stand_VV0 with_IW the_AT Iranian_JJ People_NN Act_VV0 To_TO enhance_VVI United_NP1 States_NP1 sanctions_NN2 against_II Iran_NP1 by_II targeting_VVG Iranian_JJ govern-mental_JJ officials_NN2 ,_, prohibiting_VVG Federal_JJ procurement_NN1 contracts_NN2 with_IW persons_NN2 that_CST provide_VV0 censorship_NN1 or_CC surveillance_NN1 technology_NN1 to_II the_AT Government_NN1 of_IO Iran_NP1 ,_, providing_VVG humanitarian_JJ and_CC people-to-people_JJ assistance_NN1 to_II the_AT Iranian_JJ people_NN ,_, and_CC for_IF other_JJ purposes_NN2 ._. 
Mr._NNB E_NP1 LLISON_NP1 (_( for_IF himself_PPX1 and_CC Mr._NNB D_NP1 ELAHUNT_NP1 )_) introduced_VVD the_AT following_JJ bill_NN1 ;_; which_DDQ was_VBDZ referred_VVN to_II the_AT Committee_NN1 on_II Foreign_JJ Affairs_NN2 ,_, and_CC in_II31 addition_II32 to_II33 the_AT Committees_NN2 on_II the_AT Judiciary_NN1 ,_, Oversight_NP1 and_CC Government_NN1 Reform_NN1 ,_, and_CC Financial_JJ Services_NN2 ,_, for_IF a_AT1 period_NN1 to_TO be_VBI subsequently_RR determined_VVN by_II the_AT Speaker_NN1 ,_, in_II each_DD1 case_NN1 for_IF consideration_NN1 of_IO such_DA provisions_NN2 as_CSA fall_NN1 within_II the_AT jurisdiction_NN1 of_IO the_AT committee_NN1 concerned_JJ A_ZZ1 BILL_NP1 To_TO enhance_VVI United_NP1 States_NP1 sanctions_NN2 against_II Iran_NP1 by_II targeting_VVG Iranian_JJ governmental_JJ officials_NN2 ,_, prohibiting_VVG Federal_JJ procurement_NN1 contracts_NN2 with_IW persons_NN2 that_CST provide_VV0 censor-_JJ ship_NN1 or_CC surveillance_NN1 technology_NN1 to_II the_AT Government_NN1 of_IO Iran_NP1 ,_, providing_VVG humanitarian_JJ and_CC people-to-people_JJ assistance_NN1 to_II the_AT Iranian_JJ people_NN ,_, and_CC for_IF other_JJ purposes_NN2 ._. 
Be_VB0 it_PPH1 enacted_VVN by_II the_AT Senate_NN1 and_CC House_NN1 of_IO Representatives_NN2 of_IO the_AT United_NP1 States_NP1 of_IO America_NP1 in_II Congress_NN1 assembled_VVN SEC.2_FO ._. 
FINDINGS_NN2 ;_; SENSE_NN1 OF_IO CONGRESS_NN1 ;_; STATEMENT_NN1 OF_IO POLICY_NN1 ._. 
FINDINGS_NN2 ._. 
Congress_NN1 finds_VVZ the_AT following_JJ :_: (_( 1_MC1 )_) The_AT Government_NN1 of_IO Iran_NP1 has_VHZ engaged_VVN in_II a_AT1 brutal_JJ crackdown_NN1 on_II the_AT Iranian_JJ people_NN in_II the_AT aftermath_NN1 of_IO the_AT disputed_JJ presidential_JJ election_NN1 of_IO June_NPM1 12_MC ,_, 2009_MC ,_, stifling_VVG freedom_NN1 of_IO speech_NN1 ,_, press_VV0 ,_, and_CC assembly_NN1 and_CC violating_VVG fundamental_JJ human_NN1 rights._NNU (_( 2_MC )_) On_II June_NPM1 23_MC ,_, 2009_MC ,_, President_NNB Obama_NP1 denounced_VVD the_AT crackdown_NN1 on_II the_AT Iranian_JJ people_NN ,_, saying_VVG "_" The_AT United_NP1 States_NP1 respects_VVZ the_AT sovereignty_NN1 of_IO the_AT Islamic_JJ Republic_NN1 of_IO Iran_NP1 ,_, and_CC is_VBZ not_XX at_II all_DB interfering_VVG in_II Iran_NP1 's_GE affairs_NN2 ._. 
But_CCB we_PPIS2 must_VM also_RR bear_VVI witness_NN1 to_II the_AT courage_NN1 and_CC dignity_NN1 of_IO the_AT Iranian_JJ people_NN ,_, and_CC to_II a_AT1 remarkable_JJ opening_NN1 within_II Iranian_JJ society_NN1 "_" ._. 
(_( 3_MC )_) On_II June_NPM1 19_MC ,_, 2009_MC ,_, the_AT House_NN1 of_IO Representatives_NN2 adopted_VVD H._NP1 Res._NN1 560_MC by_II a_AT1 vote_NN1 of_IO 405_MC -_- 1_MC1 ,_, "_" expressing_VVG support_NN1 for_IF all_DB Iranian_JJ citizens_NN2 who_PNQS struggle_VV0 for_IF freedom_NN1 ,_, human_JJ rights_NN2 ,_, civil_JJ liberties_NN2 ,_, and_CC the_AT protection_NN1 of_IO the_AT rule_NN1 of_IO law_NN1 "_" ._. 
(_( 4_MC )_) Iran_NP1 's_GE security_NN1 forces_NN2 ,_, particularly_RR the_AT Iranian_JJ Revolutionary_JJ Guard_NN1 Corps_NN (_( IRGC_NP1 )_) and_CC the_AT Basij_JJ volunteer_NN1 militia_NN ,_, have_VH0 been_VBN largely_RR responsible_JJ for_IF the_AT violence_NN1 and_CC brutality_NN1 committed_VVN against_II the_AT Iranian_JJ people_NN in_II the_AT recent_JJ unrest._NNU (_( 5_MC )_) Thousands_NNO2 of_IO Iranian_JJ protesters_NN2 have_VH0 been_VBN arrested_VVN and_CC detained_VVN for_IF taking_VVG part_NN1 in_II public_JJ demonstrations_NN2 ,_, with_IW many_DA2 being_VBG raped_VVN and_CC tortured_VVN to_TO extract_VVI false_JJ confessions_NN2 to_TO be_VBI used_VVN against_II them_PPHO2 and_CC others_NN2 as_II part_NN1 of_IO government-run_JJ "_" show_NN1 trials_NN2 "_" ._. 
(_( 6_MC )_) On_II June_NPM1 20_MC ,_, 2009_MC ,_, twenty-six_MC year_NNT1 old_JJ Neda_NP1 Agha_NP1 Soltan_NP1 was_VBDZ shot_VVN and_CC killed_VVN by_II a_AT1 member_NN1 of_IO the_AT Basij_JJ militia_NN ,_, symbolizing_VVG for_IF Iranians_NN2 and_CC people_NN all_RR over_II the_AT world_NN1 the_AT government_NN1 's_GE brutal_JJ crackdown_NN1 against_II peaceful_JJ demonstrators._NNU (_( b_ZZ1 )_) SENSE_NN1 OF_IO THE_AT CONGRESS_NN1 ._. 
--_NN1 It_PPH1 is_VBZ the_AT sense_NN1 of_IO Congress_NN1 that_CST the_AT United_NP1 States_NP1 --_NN1 (_( 1_MC1 )_) respects_VVZ the_AT sovereignty_NN1 ,_, proud_JJ history_NN1 ,_, and_CC rich_JJ culture_NN1 of_IO the_AT Iranian_JJ people_NN ;_; (_( 2_MC )_) respects_VVZ the_AT universal_JJ values_NN2 of_IO freedom_NN1 of_IO speech_NN1 ,_, freedom_NN1 of_IO the_AT press_NN1 ,_, and_CC the_AT freedom_NN1 to_TO assemble_VVI ;_; (_( 3_MC )_) respects_NN2 and_CC admires_VVZ the_AT Iranian_JJ people_NN as_CSA they_PPHS2 take_VV0 steps_NN2 to_TO peacefully_RR express_VVI their_APPGE voices_NN2 ,_, opinions_NN2 ,_, and_CC aspirations_NN2 ;_; (_( 4_MC )_) deplores_VVZ and_CC condemns_VVZ the_AT use_NN1 of_IO coerced_JJ confessions_NN2 and_CC "_" show_VV0 trials_NN2 "_" as_CSA tools_NN2 of_IO political_JJ repression_NN1 in_II Iran_NP1 ;_; (_( 5_MC )_) urges_VVZ the_AT Government_NN1 of_IO Iran_NP1 to_TO intensify_VVI its_APPGE cooperation_NN1 on_II the_AT case_NN1 of_IO Robert_NP1 Levinson_NP1 with_IW the_AT Embassy_NN1 of_IO Switzerland_NP1 in_II Tehran_NP1 and_CC to_TO share_VVI the_AT results_NN2 of_IO its_APPGE investigation_NN1 into_II the_AT disappearance_NN1 of_IO Robert_NP1 Levinson_NP1 with_IW the_AT Federal_JJ Bureau_NN1 of_IO Investigation_NN1 ;_; and_CC (_( 6_MC )_) recognizes_VVZ the_AT importance_NN1 of_IO diplomacy_NN1 with_IW Iran_NP1 in_BCL21 order_BCL22 to_TO advance_VVI the_AT national_JJ security_NN1 interests_NN2 of_IO the_AT United_NP1 States_NP1 ,_, but_CCB such_DA diplomacy_NN1 should_VM not_XX be_VBI construed_VVN as_CSA official_JJ recognition_NN1 of_IO the_AT declared_JJ results_NN2 from_II the_AT June_NPM1 12_MC ,_, 2009_MC ,_, Iranian_JJ presidential_JJ election._NNU (_( c_ZZ1 )_) STATEMENT_NN1 OF_IO POLICY_NN1 ._. 
--_NN1 It_PPH1 should_VM be_VBI the_AT policy_NN1 of_IO the_AT United_NP1 States_NP1 to_II (_( 1_MC1 )_) work_VV0 to_TO ensure_VVI that_CST sanctions_NN2 are_VBR clearly_RR targeted_VVN at_II the_AT Government_NN1 of_IO Iran_NP1 and_CC individuals_NN2 within_II the_AT Government_NN1 of_IO Iran_NP1 ,_, rather_II21 than_II22 the_AT Iranian_JJ society_NN1 as_II a_AT1 whole_NN1 ,_, in_BCL21 order_BCL22 to_TO avoid_VVI creating_VVG hardship_NN1 and_CC inflicting_VVG harm_NN1 on_II the_AT Iranian_JJ people_NN ;_; (_( 2_MC )_) encourage_VV0 United_NP1 States_NP1 allies_VVZ to_TO freeze_VVI bank_NN1 accounts_NN2 held_VVN or_CC controlled_VVN by_II Iranian_JJ Government_NN1 officials_NN2 who_PNQS have_VH0 carried_VVN out_RP human_JJ rights_NN2 1_MC1 abuses_VVZ against_II the_AT people_NN of_IO Iran_NP1 ;_; (_( 3_MC )_) encourage_VV0 United_NP1 States_NP1 allies_VVZ to_TO deny_VVI entrance_NN1 visas_NN2 for_IF non-official_JJ business_NN1 to_II Iranian_JJ Government_NN1 officials_NN2 who_PNQS have_VH0 carried_VVN out_RP human_JJ rights_NN2 abuses_VVZ against_II the_AT people_NN of_IO Iran_NP1 ;_; (_( 4_MC )_) work_VV0 in_II the_AT United_JJ Nations_NN2 Security_NN1 Council_NN1 to_TO impose_VVI multilateral_JJ political_JJ and_CC financial_JJ sanctions_NN2 against_II Iranian_JJ Governmental_JJ officials_NN2 ,_, including_II officials_NN2 of_IO the_AT IRGC_NN1 and_CC Basij_NP1 militia_NN ,_, who_PNQS have_VH0 carried_VVN out_RP human_JJ rights_NN2 abuses_VVZ against_II the_AT people_NN of_IO Iran_NP1 ;_; (_( 5_MC )_) work_VV0 within_II the_AT United_JJ Nations_NN2 to_TO focus_VVI international_JJ attention_NN1 on_II and_CC investigate_VVI human_JJ rights_NN2 abuses_VVZ in_II Iran_NP1 ,_, and_CC to_TO secure_VVI the_AT release_NN1 of_IO prisoners_NN2 of_IO conscience_NN1 ;_; (_( 6_MC )_) apply_VV0 targeted_VVN political_JJ and_CC financial_JJ sanctions_NN2 against_II a_AT1 foreign_JJ person_NN1 or_CC foreign_JJ entity_NN1 that_CST provides_VVZ illicit_JJ support_NN1 to_II the_AT IRGC_NN1 and_CC Basij_NP1 militia_NN ;_; (_( 7_MC )_) encourage_VV0 cooperation_NN1 between_II United_NP1 States_NP1 and_CC Iranian_JJ nongovernmental_JJ organizations_NN2 ,_, particularly_RR with_II31 regard_II32 to_II33 facilitating_VVG people-to-people_JJ exchanges_NN2 ;_; (_( 8_MC )_) expedite_VV0 admission_NN1 to_II the_AT United_NP1 States_NP1 of_IO any_DD national_JJ of_IO Iran_NP1 who_PNQS is_VBZ under_II threat_NN1 of_IO severe_JJ penalty_NN1 as_II a_AT1 result_NN1 of_IO participating_VVG in_RP or_CC reporting_VVG on_II pro-democracy_JJ activities_NN2 inside_II Iran_NP1 ,_, and_CC should_VM encourage_VVI other_JJ governments_NN2 to_TO accept_VVI such_DA Iranian_JJ refugees_NN2 for_IF resettlement_NN1 ,_, provided_CS applicants_NN2 have_VH0 not_XX engaged_VVN in_RP or_CC provided_VVD support_NN1 for_IF acts_NN2 of_IO terrorism_NN1 and_CC satisfy_VV0 all_DB criteria_NN2 for_IF acquiring_VVG refugee_NN1 status_NN1 ._. 
SEC.3_FO ._. 
IMPOSING_JJ TRAVEL_NN1 RESTRICTIONS_NN2 AGAINST_II IRAN_NP1 'S_GE HUMAN_JJ RIGHTS_NN2 ABUSERS._NP1 (_( a_ZZ1 )_) IN_RR21 GENERAL_RR22 --_JJ The_AT Secretary_NN1 of_IO State_NN1 shall_VM deny_VVI the_AT issuance_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 visa_NN1 and_CC the_AT Secretary_NN1 of_IO Homeland_NN1 Security_NN1 shall_VM deny_VVI admission_NN1 to_II the_AT United_NP1 States_NP1 to_II any_DD official_NN1 of_IO the_AT Government_NN1 of_IO Iran_NP1 who_PNQS is_VBZ credibly_RR alleged_VVN to_TO have_VHI ordered_VVN ,_, acquiesced_VVN to_II ,_, or_CC participated_VVD in_II human_JJ rights_NN2 abuses_VVZ against_II the_AT people_NN of_IO Iran_NP1 (_( b_ZZ1 )_) WAIVER_NN1 --_NN1 The_AT ban_NN1 described_VVN in_II subparagraph_NN1 (_( a_ZZ1 )_) may_VM be_VBI waived_VVN if_CS the_AT Secretary_NN1 of_IO State_NN1 certifies_VVZ to_II Congress_NN1 that_CST such_DA a_AT1 waiver_NN1 is_VBZ in_II the_AT national_JJ interests_NN2 of_IO the_AT United_NP1 States._NP1 (_( a_ZZ1 )_) PROHIBITION_NN1 --_NN1 Notwithstanding_II any_DD other_JJ provision_NN1 of_IO law_NN1 ,_, the_AT head_NN1 of_IO an_AT1 executive_NN1 agency_NN1 may_VM not_XX enter_VVI into_II or_CC renew_VV0 a_AT1 contract_NN1 for_IF the_AT procurement_NN1 of_IO goods_NN2 or_CC services_NN2 with_IW a_AT1 person_NN1 or_CC entity_NN1 that_CST provides_VVZ censorship_NN1 or_CC surveillance_NN1 technology_NN1 to_II the_AT Government_NN1 of_IO Iran._NP1 (_( b_ZZ1 )_) WAIVER_NN1 PROVISION_NN1 --_NN1 The_AT Secretary_NN1 concerned_JJ may_VM waive_VVI the_AT application_NN1 of_IO the_AT prohibition_NN1 under_II subsection_NN1 (_( a_ZZ1 )_) with_II31 respect_II32 to_II33 a_AT1 person_NN1 or_CC entity_NN1 if_CS the_AT Secretary_NN1 certifies_VVZ to_II Congress_NN1 that_CST such_DA a_AT1 waiver_NN1 is_VBZ in_II the_AT national_JJ interest_NN1 of_IO the_AT United_NP1 States._NP1 (_( c_ZZ1 )_) DEFINITIONS-_NN1 In_II this_DD1 section_NN1 --_NN1 (_( 1_MC1 )_) the_AT term_NN1 "_" censorship_NN1 or_CC surveillance_NN1 technology_NN1 "_" means_VVZ hardware_NN1 ,_, software_NN1 ,_, telecommunications_NN2 equipment_NN1 ,_, or_CC any_DD other_JJ technology_NN1 that_CST the_AT President_NN1 determines_VVZ is_VBZ designed_VVN to_TO provide_VVI a_AT1 substantial_JJ capability_NN1 --_NN1 (_( A_ZZ1 )_) to_TO restrict_VVI the_AT free_JJ flow_NN1 of_IO information_NN1 ;_; or_CC (_( B_ZZ1 )_) to_TO disrupt_VVI ,_, monitor_VV0 ,_, or_CC otherwise_RR restrict_VV0 speech_NN1 (_( 2_MC )_) the_AT term_NN1 "_" executive_NN1 agency_NN1 "_" has_VHZ the_AT meaning_NN1 given_CS21 that_CS22 term_NN1 in_II section_NN1 4_MC of_IO the_AT Office_NN1 of_IO Federal_JJ Procurement_NN1 Policy_NN1 Act_NN1 (_( 41_MC U.S.C._NP1 403_MC )_) ;_; and_CC (_( 3_MC )_) the_AT term_NN1 "_" Government_NN1 of_IO Iran_NP1 "_" means_VVZ any_DD agency_NN1 or_CC instrumentality_NN1 of_IO the_AT Government_NN1 of_IO Iran_NP1 ,_, including_II any_DD entity_NN1 that_CST is_VBZ controlled_VVN by_II the_AT Government_NN1 of_IO Iran_NP1 ._. 
(_( d_ZZ1 )_) EFFECTIVE_JJ DATE_NN1 (_( 1_MC1 )_) IN_RR21 GENERAL_RR22 --_JJ Except_CS as_CSA provided_VVN in_II paragraph_NN1 (_( 2_MC )_) ,_, this_DD1 section_NN1 shall_VM apply_VVI to_II contracts_NN2 entered_VVN into_II on_II or_CC after_CS the_AT date_NN1 that_CST is_VBZ 90_MC days_NNT2 after_II the_AT date_NN1 of_IO the_AT enactment_NN1 of_IO this_DD1 Act._NP1 (_( 2_MC )_) EXCEPTION_NN1 --_NN1 With_II31 respect_II32 to_II33 a_AT1 renewal_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 contract_NN1 ,_, this_DD1 section_NN1 shall_VM apply_VVI to_II a_AT1 contract_NN1 renewed_VVD on_RP or_CC after_CS the_AT date_NN1 of_IO the_AT enactment_NN1 of_IO this_DD1 Act._NP1 (_( a_ZZ1 )_) A_ZZ1 UTHORIZATION_NP1 --_NN1 Notwithstanding_II any_DD other_JJ provision_NN1 of_IO law_NN1 ,_, the_AT establishment_NN1 and_CC carrying_VVG out_II21 of_II22 operations_NN2 in_II Iran_NP1 for_IF the_AT direct_JJ provision_NN1 of_IO humanitarian_JJ and_CC people-to-people_JJ assistance_NN1 described_VVN in_II subsection_NN1 (_( b_ZZ1 )_) by_II any_DD organization_NN1 described_VVN in_II section_NN1 501(c)_FO (_( 3_MC )_) of_IO the_AT Internal_JJ Revenue_NN1 Code_NN1 of_IO 1986_MC may_VM not_XX be_VBI prohibited_VVN or_CC otherwise_RR restricted._NNU (_( b_ZZ1 )_) ASSISTANCE_NN1 DESCRIBED_VVD --_NN1 The_AT humanitarian_JJ and_CC people-to-people_JJ assistance_NN1 referred_VVN to_II in_II subsection_NN1 (_( a_ZZ1 )_) is_VBZ assistance_NN1 to_II --_NN1 (_( 1_MC1 )_) promote_VV0 adequate_JJ and_CC reliable_JJ nutrition_NN1 ;_; (_( 2_MC )_) advance_VV0 child_NN1 survival_NN1 and_CC maternal_JJ health_NN1 ;_; (_( 3_MC )_) improve_VV0 access_NN1 to_II safe_JJ water_NN1 ,_, sanitation_NN1 ,_, and_CC shelter_NN1 ;_; (_( 4_MC )_) prepare_VV0 for_IF and_CC respond_VV0 to_II natural_JJ disasters_NN2 ;_; improve_VV0 access_NN1 to_II basic_JJ health_NN1 care_NN1 ;_; (_( 6_MC )_) prevent_VV0 and_CC treat_VV0 drug_NN1 addiction_NN1 ;_; (_( 7_MC )_) strengthen_VV0 education_NN1 and_CC literacy_NN1 ;_; (_( 8_MC )_) promote_VV0 equal_JJ rights_NN2 for_IF women_NN2 and_CC minorities_NNU ;_; (_( 9_MC )_) support_VV0 human_JJ rights_NN2 and_CC representative_JJ governance_NN1 ;_; (_( 10_MC )_) foster_VV0 international_JJ and_CC religious_JJ understanding_NN1 and_CC tolerance_NN1 ;_; and_CC (_( 11_MC )_) facilitate_VV0 international_JJ people-to-people_NN ex-21_JJ changes._NNU (_( c_ZZ1 )_) EXCEPTION_NN1 --_NN1 Subsection_NN1 (_( a_ZZ1 )_) shall_VM not_XX apply_VVI with_II31 respect_II32 to_II33 an_AT1 organization_NN1 described_VVN in_II subsection_NN1 (_( a_ZZ1 )_) if_CS such_DA organization_NN1 provides_VVZ services_NN2 or_CC conducts_VVZ transactions_NN2 with_IW any_DD organization_NN1 or_CC entity_NN1 that_CST appears_VVZ on_II the_AT Department_NN1 of_IO the_AT Treasury_NN1 's_GE Specially_RR Designated_JJ Nationals_NN2 List._NP1 (_( d_ZZ1 )_) NOTIFICATION_NN1 AND_CC WAIVER_NN1 --_NN1 The_AT Secretary_NN1 of_IO the_AT Treasury_NN1 may_VM require_VVI organizations_NN2 authorized_VVN under_II subsection_NN1 (_( a_ZZ1 )_) to_TO notify_VVI the_AT Department_NN1 of_IO the_AT Treasury_NN1 up_RG21 to_RG22 14_MC days_NNT2 in_II advance_NN1 of_IO commencing_VVG operations_NN2 in_II Iran_NP1 ._. 
The_AT Secretary_NN1 of_IO the_AT Treasury_NN1 may_VM waive_VVI the_AT application_NN1 of_IO subsection_NN1 (_( a_ZZ1 )_) if_CS the_AT Secretary_NN1 determines_VVZ that_CST it_PPH1 is_VBZ in_II the_AT national_JJ security_NN1 interests_NN2 of_IO the_AT United_NP1 States_NP1 to_TO do_VDI so._NNU (_( e_ZZ1 )_) EFFECTIVE_JJ DATE_NN1 --_NN1 This_DD1 section_NN1 shall_VM apply_VVI with_II31 respect_II32 to_II33 the_AT establishment_NN1 and_CC carrying_VVG out_II21 of_II22 operations_NN2 described_VVN in_II subsection_NN1 (_( a_ZZ1 )_) on_RP or_CC after_CS the_AT date_NN1 of_IO the_AT enactment_NN1 of_IO this_DD1 Act_NN1 ._. 
First_MD ,_, a_AT1 provision_NN1 of_IO the_AT Medicare_NP1 Act_NN1 ,_, allows_VVZ a_AT1 provider_NN1 to_TO appeal_VVI ,_, within_II 180_MC days_NNT2 ,_, to_II the_AT Provider_NN1 Reimbursement_NN1 Review_NN1 Board_NN1 (_( Board_NN1 )_) an_AT1 administrative_JJ review_NN1 panel_NN1 that_CST has_VHZ the_AT power_NN1 to_TO conduct_VVI an_AT1 evidentiary_JJ hearing_NN1 and_CC affirm_NN1 ,_, modify_VV0 ,_, or_CC reverse_VV0 the_AT intermediary_NN1 's_GE NPR_NP1 determination_NN1 ._. 
The_AT Board_NN1 's_GE decision_NN1 is_VBZ subject_II21 to_II22 judicial_JJ review_NN1 infederal_NN1 district_NN1 court_NN1 ._. 
Second_MD ,_, one_MC1 of_IO the_AT Secretary_NN1 's_GE regulations_NN2 ,_, 42_MC CFR_NP1 ,_, permits_VVZ a_AT1 provider_NN1 to_TO request_VVI the_AT intermediary_NN1 ,_, within_II three_MC years_NNT2 ,_, to_TO reopen_VVI the_AT reimbursement_NN1 determination_NN1 ._. 
Petitioner_NN1 Your_APPGE Home_NN1 Visiting_NN1 Nurse_NN1 Services_NN2 ,_, Inc._JJ ,_, owns_VVZ and_CC operates_VVZ several_DA2 entities_NN2 that_CST provide_VV0 home_NN1 health_NN1 care_NN1 services_NN2 to_II Medicare_NP1 beneficiaries_NN2 ._. 
Petitioner_NN1 submitted_VVD cost_NN1 reports_NN2 for_IF the_AT year_NNT1 1989_MC to_II its_APPGE fiscal_JJ intermediary_NN1 ,_, and_CC did_VDD not_XX seek_VVI administrative_JJ review_NN1 of_IO the_AT resulting_JJ NPRs_NP1 within_II 180_MC days_NNT2 ._. 
Within_II three_MC years_NNT2 ,_, however_RR ,_, it_PPH1 did_VDD ask_VVI the_AT intermediary_NN1 to_TO reopen_VVI its_APPGE 1989_MC reimbursement_NN1 determination_NN1 on_II the_AT ground_NN1 that_CST "_" new_JJ and_CC material_NN1 "_" evidence_NN1 demonstrated_VVD entitlement_NN1 to_II additional_JJ compensation_NN1 ._. 
Under_II the_AT Medicare_NP1 Act_NN1 ,_, Title_NN1 XVIII_MC of_IO the_AT Social_JJ Security_NN1 Act_NN1 ,_, 79_MC Stat._NP1 290_MC ,_, as_CSA amended_VVN ,_, 42_MC U.S.C._NP1 &sect;_FO 1395_MC (_( 1994_MC ed._NN1 and_CC Sup_VV0 ._. 
II_MC )_) ,_, et_NP1 seq._NNU ,_, the_AT Secretary_NN1 of_IO Health_NN1 and_CC Human_JJ Services_NN2 reimburses_VVZ the_AT providers_NN2 of_IO covered_JJ health_NN1 services_NN2 to_II Medicare_NP1 beneficiaries_NN2 ,_, see_VV0 &sect;&sect;1395f(b)_FO (_( 1_MC1 )_) ,_, 1395h_FO ,_, 1395x(v)_FO (_( 1_MC1 )_) (_( A_ZZ1 )_) ._. 
A_AT1 provider_NN1 seeking_VVG such_DA reimbursement_NN1 submits_VVZ a_AT1 yearly_JJ cost_NN1 report_NN1 to_II a_AT1 fiscal_JJ intermediary_NN1 (_( generally_RR a_AT1 private_JJ insurance_NN1 company_NN1 )_) that_CST acts_VVZ as_II the_AT Secretary_NN1 's_GE agent_NN1 ._. 
See_VV0 42_MC CFR_NP1 &sect;_FO 405.1801(b)_FO (_( 1997_MC )_) ._. 
The_AT intermediary_NN1 analyzes_VVZ the_AT cost_NN1 report_NN1 and_CC issues_VVZ a_AT1 Notice_NN1 of_IO Program_NN1 Reimbursement_NN1 (_( NPR_NP1 )_) determining_VVG the_AT amount_NN1 of_IO reimbursement_NN1 to_II which_DDQ the_AT provider_NN1 is_VBZ entitled_VVN for_IF the_AT year_NNT1 ._. 
See_VV0 &sect;405.1803_FO ._. 
As_CSA is_VBZ relevant_JJ here_RL ,_, a_AT1 dissatisfied_JJ provider_NN1 has_VHZ two_MC ways_NN2 to_TO get_VVI this_DD1 determination_NN1 revised_VVN ._. 
Under_II the_AT current_JJ draft_NN1 legislation_NN1 ,_, children_NN2 in_II families_NN2 with_IW incomes_NN2 above_II 133_MC percent_NNU of_IO the_AT FPL_NP1 may_VM transition_NN1 to_II equivalent_JJ ,_, federally-financed_JJ coverage_NN1 through_II the_AT national_JJ health_NN1 insurance_NN1 exchange_NN1 ,_, potentially_RR allowing_VVG states_NN2 to_TO save_VVI a_AT1 considerable_JJ amount_NN1 of_IO the_AT costs_NN2 of_IO this_DD1 program_NN1 ._. 
However_RR ,_, CEA_NP1 does_VDZ not_XX include_VVI savings_NN2 on_II CHIP_NN1 in_II the_AT bottom_JJ line_NN1 calculations_NN2 of_IO net_JJ savings_NN2 from_II health_NN1 insurance_NN1 reform_NN1 detailed_VVD below_RL ,_, because_CS transitioning_VVG children_NN2 from_II CHIP_NN1 to_II equivalent_NN1 federal_JJ coverage_NN1 would_VM be_VBI subject_II21 to_II22 approval_NN1 by_II the_AT Secretary_NN1 of_IO Health_NN1 and_CC Human_JJ Services_NN2 ,_, and_CC may_VM not_XX occur_VVI in_II all_DB states_NN2 ._. 
There_EX is_VBZ neither_RR a_AT1 unified_JJ police_NN2 force_NN1 in_II the_AT territory_NN1 to_TO enforce_VVI these_DD2 laws_NN2 ,_, nor_CC any_DD authoritative_JJ legal_JJ system_NN1 through_II which_DDQ trafficking_NN1 offenders_NN2 could_VM be_VBI prosecuted_VVN ._. 
There_EX were_VBDR no_AT known_JJ prosecutions_NN2 of_IO human_JJ trafficking_NN1 offenses_VVZ during_II the_AT reporting_NN1 period_NN1 ._. 
