Reading_NP1 and_CC Writing_VVG the_AT Electronic_JJ Book_NN1 Publishers_NN2 and_CC technologists_NN2 have_VH0 been_VBN promising_VVG us_PPIO2 electronic_JJ books_NN2 of_IO one_MC1 sort_NN1 or_CC another_DD1 for_IF well_RR over_RG two_MC decades_NNT2 ._. 
Indeed_RR ,_, many_DA2 of_IO them_PPHO2 delivered_VVD products_NN2 in_II the_AT marketplace_NN1 in_II what_DDQ amounted_VVD to_II at_RR21 least_RR22 three_MC distinct_JJ waves_NN2 of_IO technology_NN1 and_CC content_NN1 ._. 
Each_DD1 wave_NN1 was_VBDZ heralded_VVN by_II hyperbolic_JJ claims_NN2 about_II the_AT disappearance_NN1 of_IO the_AT print_NN1 book_NN1 ,_, the_AT death_NN1 of_IO text_NN1 ,_, and_CC other_JJ ways_NN2 in_II which_DDQ literacy_NN1 would_VM be_VBI forever_RT changed_VVN --_JJ claims_NN2 that_CST excited_JJ critics_NN2 '_GE wrath_NN1 and_CC sometimes_RT their_APPGE derision_NN1 in_II the_AT wake_NN1 of_IO the_AT products_NN2 '_GE disappointing_JJ showings_NN2 in_II the_AT marketplace_NN1 ._. 
Not_XX only_RR did_VDD the_AT products_NN2 fall_VVI short_JJ of_IO readers_NN2 '_GE expectations_NN2 ,_, but_CCB also_RR the_AT changes_NN2 were_VBDR slower_JJR to_TO arrive_VVI than_CSN the_AT more_RGR optimistic_JJ forecasts_NN2 predicted_VVN and_CC the_AT products_NN2 themselves_PPX2 demonstrated_VVD limited_JJ economic_JJ viability_NN1 ._. 
For_IF those_DD2 of_IO us_PPIO2 whose_DDQGE lives_NN2 have_VH0 been_VBN inexorably_RR intertwined_VVN with_IW electronic_JJ texts_NN2 all_DB along_RP ,_, the_AT immediate_JJ source_NN1 of_IO the_AT disappointment_NN1 has_VHZ varied_VVN :_: reading_VVG on_II the_AT screen_NN1 just_RR was_VBDZ not_XX engaging_VVG enough_RR ;_; there_EX were_VBDR not_XX enough_DD titles_NN2 in_II enough_DD genres_NN2 to_TO satisfy_VVI our_APPGE most_RGT immediate_JJ and_CC fundamental_JJ textual_JJ desires_NN2 ;_; and_CC beyond-the-book_JJ functionality_NN1 was_VBDZ inadequate_JJ ._. 
More_RGR importantly_RR ,_, the_AT hardware_NN1 was_VBDZ too_RG clunky_JJ and_CC battery_NN1 life_NN1 was_VBDZ too_RG short_JJ to_TO make_VVI electronic_JJ books_NN2 any_DD more_DAR than_CSN a_AT1 novelty_NN1 purchased_VVN by_II early_JJ adopters_NN2 ,_, then_RT stored_VVD unused_JJ in_II a_AT1 drawer_NN1 or_CC forgotten_VVN in_II a_AT1 hotel_NN1 room_NN1 ._. 
Yet_RR --_JJ like_II Charlie_NP1 Brown_NP1 running_VVG at_II the_AT football_NN1 one_MC1 last_MD time_NNT1 ,_, hoping_VVG to_TO pull_VVI off_RP one_MC1 solid_JJ kick_NN1 at_II the_AT goalposts_NN2 --_NN1 we_PPIS2 kept_VVD on_RP trying_VVG to_TO read_VVI and_CC write_VVI the_AT electronic_JJ book_NN1 ._. 
Each_DD1 wave_NN1 of_IO electronic_JJ books_NN2 was_VBDZ spurred_VVN by_II somewhat_RR different_JJ social_JJ and_CC technical_JJ forces_NN2 ._. 
Each_DD1 anticipated_JJ different_JJ changes_NN2 and_CC each_DD1 foundered_VVD on_II a_AT1 new_JJ set_NN1 of_IO challenges_NN2 that_CST the_AT products_NN2 quickly_RR revealed_VVN ._. 
It_PPH1 is_VBZ instructive_JJ to_TO look_VVI at_II the_AT waves_NN2 one_MC1 by_II one_MC1 if_CS we_PPIS2 are_VBR to_TO understand_VVI the_AT separate_JJ (_( but_CCB not_XX separable_JJ )_) facets_NN2 of_IO the_AT new_JJ medium._NNU 1.1_MC GENERATION_NN1 1_MC1 :_: A_ZZ1 NEW_JJ WORLD_NN1 OF_IO HY_NP1 PERMEDIA_NP1 The_AT first_MD wave_NN1 of_IO electronic_JJ publishing_NN1 focused_VVN on_II what_DDQ we_PPIS2 could_VM do_VDI with_IW the_AT new_JJ medium_NN1 using_VVG pixels_NN2 and_CC fonts_NN2 instead_II21 of_II22 ink_NN1 and_CC moveable_JJ type_NN1 ,_, screens_NN2 in_II31 lieu_II32 of_II33 paper_NN1 ,_, and_CC hypertext_NN1 links_VVZ in_II31 place_II32 of_II33 page_NN1 flips_VVZ ._. 
Companies_NN2 like_II Voyager_NP1 and_CC Eastgate_NP1 Systems_NN2 not_XX only_RR developed_VVN electronic_JJ book_NN1 software_NN1 and_CC figured_VVN out_RP a_AT1 way_NN1 to_TO distribute_VVI titles_NN2 and_CC sell_VVI them_PPHO2 like_II most_DAT publishers_NN2 would_VM ;_; they_PPHS2 also_RR worked_VVN through_II an_AT1 initial_JJ economic_JJ model_NN1 for_IF the_AT endeavor_NN1 and_CC nurtured_VVD a_AT1 stable_JJ of_IO writers_NN2 and_CC content_JJ preparation_NN1 technologies_NN2 ._. 
A_AT1 small_JJ number_NN1 of_IO first-wave_JJ titles_NN2 emerged_VVD ._. 
Writers_NN2 learned_VVD how_RRQ to_TO create_VVI in_II the_AT new_JJ medium_NN1 ._. 
Dissemination_NN1 depended_VVN on_II (_( relatively_RR )_) inexpensive_JJ digital_JJ media_NN such_II21 as_II22 laser_NN1 disks_NN2 (_( for_IF high-end_JJ multimedia_NN titles_NN2 )_) or_CC floppy_JJ disks_NN2 (_( for_IF experimental_JJ electronic_JJ literature_NN1 ,_, hypertext_NN1 fiction_NN1 ,_, or_CC documentary_NN1 projects_NN2 )_) ._. 
Multimedia_NN was_VBDZ Voyager_NP1 's_GE strong_JJ suit_NN1 as_II an_AT1 early_JJ publisher_NN1 of_IO electronic_JJ content_NN1 ;_; the_AT company_NN1 initially_RR adopted_VVD the_AT laser_NN1 disk_NN1 as_II a_AT1 primary_JJ means_NN of_IO distributing_VVG content_JJ and_CC developed_VVD a_AT1 series_NN of_IO titles_NN2 that_CST were_VBDR well_RR suited_VVN to_II multimedia_NN ._. 
Consumer-friendly_JJ titles_NN2 included_VVD history_NN1 books_NN2 such_II21 as_II22 Who_PNQS Built_VVD America_NP1 ?_? ;_; the_AT work_NN1 of_IO more_RGR accessible_JJ performance_NN1 artists_NN2 such_II21 as_II22 Laurie_NP1 Anderson_NP1 ;_; an_AT1 electronic_JJ version_NN1 of_IO Art_NP1 Spiegelman_NP1 's_GE graphic_JJ novel_NN1 about_II the_AT Holocaust_NP1 ,_, Maus_NP2 ;_; and_CC A_ZZ1 Hard_JJ Day_NNT1 's_GE Night_NNT1 ,_, which_DDQ drew_VVD on_II the_AT Beatles_NP2 '_GE music_NN1 ._. 
Laser_NN1 disks_NN2 were_VBDR quickly_RR replaced_VVN by_II CD-ROMs_NP2 ,_, but_CCB the_AT focus_NN1 of_IO these_DD2 companies_NN2 remained_VVN on_II multimedia_NN ._. 
The_AT ability_NN1 to_TO transcend_VVI other_JJ intellectual_JJ limitations_NN2 of_IO linear_JJ text_NN1 --_NN1 limitations_NN2 initially_RR explored_VVN in_II Gedanken_JJ experiments_NN2 by_II writers_NN2 like_II Jorge_NP1 Luis_NP1 Borges_NP1 (_( Garden_NN1 of_IO Forking_VVG Paths_NN2 )_) and_CC Julio_NP1 Cortazar_NP1 (_( Hopscotch_NP1 )_) --_NN1 appealed_VVN to_II a_AT1 small_JJ set_NN1 of_IO literary_JJ pioneers_NN2 ,_, and_CC hypertext_NN1 fiction_NN1 publisher_NN1 Eastgate_NP1 Systems_NN2 was_VBDZ born_VVN ._. 
Research_NN1 prototypes_NN2 like_II Bellcore_NP1 's_GE SuperBook_NN1 System_NN1 transformed_VVD marked-up_JJ files_NN2 into_II hypertext_NN1 that_CST included_VVD a_AT1 dynamically_RR generated_VVN table_NN1 of_IO contents_NN2 and_CC index_NN1 to_TO facilitate_VVI what_DDQ were_VBDR then_RT new_JJ kinds_NN2 of_IO reader_NN1 navigation_NN1 ._. 
Thus_RR ,_, the_AT initial_JJ wave_NN1 of_IO electronic_JJ books_NN2 produced_VVD a_AT1 highly_RR diverse_JJ (_( but_CCB sparse_JJ )_) selection_NN1 of_IO titles_NN2 and_CC a_AT1 handful_NN1 of_IO research_NN1 systems_NN2 developed_VVN to_TO explore_VVI issues_NN2 associated_VVN with_IW reading_VVG on_II the_AT screen_NN1 ._. 
In_II some_DD sense_NN1 ,_, if_CS you_PPY wanted_VVD to_TO read_VVI an_AT1 electronic_JJ book_NN1 ,_, you_PPY would_VM have_VHI to_TO adjust_VVI your_APPGE reading_NN1 preferences_NN2 to_II what_DDQ was_VBDZ available_JJ ._. 
Availability_NN1 was_VBDZ further_RRR constrained_VVN by_II hardware_NN1 platforms_NN2 (_( some_DD electronic_JJ titles_NN2 were_VBDR only_RR available_JJ for_IF Macs_NP2 ;_; others_NN2 were_VBDR only_RR available_JJ for_IF PCs_NN2 )_) ,_, by_II limitations_NN2 in_II how_RRQ the_AT titles_NN2 were_VBDR delivered_VVN (_( just_RR how_RGQ much_DA1 content_NN1 fits_VVZ on_II a_AT1 floppy_JJ ?_? )_) ,_, and_CC by_II primitive_JJ reading_NN1 hardware_NN1 (_( color_NN1 monitors_NN2 were_VBDR new_JJ ,_, heavy_JJ ,_, and_CC expensive_JJ ,_, and_CC their_APPGE resolution_NN1 seems_VVZ so_RG low_JJ by_II today_RT 's_GE standards_NN2 as_CSA to_TO be_VBI utterly_RR unusable_JJ )_) ._. 
Furthermore_RR ,_, readers_NN2 were_VBDR tethered_VVN to_II their_APPGE desktop_NN1 computers_NN2 ;_; laptops_NN2 ,_, although_CS available_JJ ,_, were_VBDR far_RG21 from_RG22 ubiquitous_JJ and_CC were_VBDR only_RR portable_JJ if_CS your_APPGE arms_NN2 were_VBDR strong_JJ ._. 
I_PPIS1 began_VVD Chapter_NN1 2_MC ,_, the_AT chapter_NN1 about_II reading_NN1 ,_, by_II calling_VVG into_II question_NN1 the_AT assumption_NN1 that_CST reading_NN1 is_VBZ a_AT1 solitary_JJ activity_NN1 ._. 
It_PPH1 is_VBZ n't_XX :_: I_PPIS1 invoked_VVD document_NN1 scholar_NN1 David_NP1 Levy_NP1 to_TO assert_VVI that_DD1 reading_NN1 is_VBZ inherently_RR social_JJ ._. 
This_DD1 is_VBZ not_XX to_TO say_VVI that_CST people_NN do_VD0 n't_XX read_VVI alone_RR ;_; of_RR21 course_RR22 they_PPHS2 do_VD0 ._. 
They_PPHS2 may_VM even_RR go_VVI to_II some_DD lengths_NN2 to_TO separate_VVI themselves_PPX2 from_II other_JJ people_NN in_II the_AT name_NN1 of_IO quiet_JJ and_CC to_TO prevent_VVI unwanted_JJ interruptions_NN2 ._. 
But_CCB reading_NN1 is_VBZ social_JJ in_II a_AT1 way_NN1 that_CST crosses_VVZ several_DA2 dimensions_NN2 beyond_II the_AT immediate_JJ stereotype_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 scholar_NN1 deep_RR in_II thought_NN1 in_II a_AT1 library_NN1 carrel_NN1 or_CC a_AT1 child_NN1 curled_VVD up_RP with_IW A_AT1 Wrinkle_NN1 in_II Time_NNT1 in_II a_AT1 picture_NN1 window_NN1 ._. 
To_TO tease_VVI out_RP these_DD2 social_JJ dimensions_NN2 ,_, let_VM21 's_VM22 call_VVI to_TO mind_VVI the_AT old_JJ but_CCB serviceable_JJ computersupported_JJ cooperative_JJ work_NN1 (_( CSCW_NP1 )_) two-by-two_MC matrix_NN1 that_CST divides_VVZ up_RP the_AT world_NN1 (_( albeit_CS somewhat_RR artificially_RR )_) according_II21 to_II22 place_NN1 and_CC time_NNT1 ._. 
These_DD2 dimensions_NN2 will_VM give_VVI us_PPIO2 four_MC quadrants_NN2 characterized_VVN by_II events_NN2 happening_VVG in_II the_AT same_DA place_NN1 versus_II events_NN2 happening_VVG in_II distant_JJ places_NN2 and_CC events_NN2 happening_VVG at_II the_AT same_DA time_NNT1 versus_II events_NN2 happening_VVG at_II different_JJ times_NNT2 ._. 
Figure_NN1 4.1_MC sketches_NN2 out_RP this_DD1 matrix_NN1 ,_, styled_VVN after_II ._. 
This_DD1 matrix_NN1 gives_VVZ us_PPIO2 a_AT1 simple_JJ framework_NN1 to_TO examine_VVI the_AT social_JJ side_NN1 of_IO eBook_NN1 use_NN1 ._. 
Use_VV0 that_CST occurs_VVZ in_II the_AT same_DA place_NN1 at_II the_AT same_DA time_NNT1 implies_VVZ that_CST people_NN are_VBR reading_VVG together_RL ._. 
Reading_VVG together_RL may_VM mean_VVI that_CST the_AT situation_NN1 has_VHZ been_VBN deliberately_RR organized_VVN as_II an_AT1 opportunity_NN1 to_TO read_VVI together_RL :_: reading_VVG groups_NN2 or_CC classroom_NN1 discussions_NN2 are_VBR both_DB2 examples_NN2 of_IO such_DA a_AT1 situation_NN1 ._. 
It_PPH1 may_VM also_RR mean_VVI that_CST people_NN have_VH0 contrived_VVN informally_RR to_TO read_VVI together_RL :_: two_MC students_NN2 push_VV0 their_APPGE chairs_NN2 together_RL to_TO share_VVI a_AT1 computer_NN1 display_NN1 or_CC two_MC friends_NN2 talking_VVG on_II the_AT phone_NN1 browse_VV0 the_AT same_DA Web_NN1 pages_NN2 together_RL ._. 
The_AT second_MD variant_NN1 ,_, reading_VVG together_RL over_II the_AT phone_NN1 ,_, represents_VVZ use_NN1 that_CST occurs_VVZ at_II the_AT same_DA time_NNT1 ,_, but_CCB in_II a_AT1 different_JJ place_NN1 ._. 
Activity_NN1 in_II this_DD1 quadrant_NN1 of_IO the_AT collaboration_NN1 matrix_NN1 is_VBZ usually_RR intentional_JJ because_CS it_PPH1 involves_VVZ a_AT1 communications_NN2 technology_NN1 ;_; that_REX21 is_REX22 ,_, the_AT distance_NN1 must_VM be_VBI bridged_VVN by_II some_DD kind_NN1 of_IO connection_NN1 ._. 
Once_RR people_NN are_VBR reading_VVG at_II different_JJ times_NNT2 ,_, some_DD sort_NN1 of_IO persistent_JJ artifact_NN1 of_IO their_APPGE reading_NN1 activity_NN1 must_VM be_VBI involved_VVN :_: annotations_NN2 ,_, clippings_NN2 ,_, bookmarks_NN2 ,_, recommendations_NN2 ,_, page_NN1 views_NN2 ,_, or_CC the_AT books_NN2 themselves_PPX2 may_VM be_VBI used_VVN as_II a_AT1 record_NN1 of_IO the_AT activity_NN1 ;_; otherwise_RR ,_, collaboration_NN1 or_CC some_DD other_JJ kind_NN1 of_IO reading-related_JJ social_JJ interaction_NN1 would_VM be_VBI difficult_JJ ._. 
Hence_RR ,_, this_DD1 aspect_NN1 of_IO sociality_NN1 involves_VVZ sharing_VVG records_NN2 of_IO reading_NN1 ._. 
These_DD2 records_NN2 can_VM be_VBI explicit_JJ ,_, such_II21 as_II22 annotations_NN2 ,_, or_CC implicit_JJ ,_, such_II21 as_II22 page_NN1 views_NN2 recorded_VVN in_II a_AT1 log_NN1 ._. 
Asynchronous_JJ sharing_NN1 can_VM likewise_RR be_VBI something_PN1 intentional_JJ and_CC planned_VVD ,_, such_II21 as_II22 a_AT1 discussion_NN1 of_IO assigned_JJ reading_NN1 conducted_VVN in_II an_AT1 online_JJ annotation_NN1 system_NN1 or_CC the_AT recommendations_NN2 of_IO books_NN2 or_CC authors_NN2 that_CST we_PPIS2 might_VM see_VVI in_II a_AT1 social_JJ cataloging_JJ Web_NN1 application_NN1 like_II LibraryThing_NP1 ,_, or_CC the_AT sharing_NN1 may_VM be_VBI serendipitous_JJ and_CC may_VM take_VVI advantage_NN1 of_IO large-scale_JJ collective_JJ effects_NN2 such_II21 as_II22 an_AT1 online_JJ newspaper_NN1 's_GE most_RGT emailed_JJ story_NN1 ._. 
In_II the_AT end_NN1 ,_, it_PPH1 seems_VVZ that_CST we_PPIS2 have_VH0 posed_VVN two_MC basic_JJ distinctions_NN2 that_CST make_VV0 very_RG different_JJ demands_NN2 on_II eBooks_NN2 and_CC their_APPGE users_NN2 ._. 
First_MD ,_, there_EX are_VBR synchronous_JJ activities_NN2 that_CST involve_VV0 reading_VVG together_RL ,_, i.e._REX ,_, either_RR in_II a_AT1 way_NN1 that_CST is_VBZ co-located_VVN (_( e.g._REX ,_, reading_VVG together_RL in_II a_AT1 classroom_NN1 )_) or_CC remote_JJ (_( e.g._REX ,_, browsing_VVG the_AT Web_NN1 together_RL over_II the_AT phone_NN1 )_) ._. 
Then_RT there_EX are_VBR asynchronous_JJ activities_NN2 that_CST involve_VV0 sharing_VVG records_NN2 of_IO reading_NN1 ._. 
These_DD2 asynchronous_JJ activities_NN2 can_VM be_VBI further_RRR divided_VVN into_II those_DD2 in_II which_DDQ the_AT records_NN2 of_IO reading_NN1 are_VBR intentionally_RR shared_VVN (_( e.g._REX ,_, clipping_VVG a_AT1 story_NN1 from_II the_AT local_JJ newspaper_NN1 and_CC mailing_VVG it_PPH1 to_II a_AT1 friend_NN1 )_) versus_II those_DD2 in_II which_DDQ the_AT records_NN2 of_IO reading_NN1 are_VBR aggregated_VVN and_CC shared_VVN in_II a_AT1 way_NN1 that_CST represents_VVZ collective_JJ intelligence_NN1 or_CC the_AT wisdom_NN1 of_IO crowds_NN2 (_( e.g._REX ,_, assembling_VVG a_AT1 bestseller_NN1 list_NN1 or_CC a_AT1 citation_NN1 index_NN1 )_) ._. 
Taken_VVN together_RL ,_, these_DD2 variations_NN2 give_VV0 us_PPIO2 an_AT1 interesting_JJ way_NN1 to_TO explore_VVI the_AT diverse_JJ social_JJ side_NN1 of_IO eBooks_NN2 ._. 
This_DD1 lecture_NN1 has_VHZ covered_VVN eBooks_NN2 from_II a_AT1 number_NN1 of_IO different_JJ perspectives_NN2 :_: how_RRQ people_NN read_VV0 and_CC interact_VV0 with_IW eBooks_NN2 ;_; how_RRQ readers_NN2 use_VV0 eBooks_NN2 socially_RR ;_; how_RRQ writers_NN2 and_CC publishers_NN2 prepare_VV0 content_NN1 ;_; how_RRQ print_NN1 genres_NN2 are_VBR realized_VVN as_CSA digital_JJ forms_NN2 and_CC how_RGQ digital_JJ genres_NN2 emerge_VV0 ;_; how_RRQ eBook_NN1 functionality_NN1 can_VM go_VVI beyond_II the_AT print_NN1 book_NN1 ;_; and_CC finally_RR ,_, how_RRQ eBooks_NN2 and_CC records_NN2 of_IO their_APPGE use_NN1 can_VM grow_VVI into_II personal_JJ digital_JJ libraries_NN2 ._. 
We_PPIS2 have_VH0 also_RR explored_VVN types_NN2 of_IO studies_NN2 that_CST researchers_NN2 might_VM do_VDI ,_, given_VVN what_DDQ we_PPIS2 know_VV0 and_CC do_VD0 n't_XX know_VVI about_II eBooks_NN2 ._. 
In_II the_AT end_NN1 ,_, it_PPH1 is_VBZ important_JJ to_TO remember_VVI that_CST there_EX is_VBZ no_AT single_JJ way_NN1 that_CST people_NN will_VM read_VVI ;_; there_EX is_VBZ no_AT single_JJ device_NN1 that_CST people_NN will_VM use_VVI for_IF reading_VVG ;_; there_EX is_VBZ no_AT single_JJ format_NN1 that_CST will_VM make_VVI content_JJ universally_RR accessible_JJ ;_; and_CC there_EX is_VBZ no_AT single_JJ role_NN1 for_IF eBooks_NN2 in_II our_APPGE social_JJ affairs_NN2 ._. 
Instead_II21 of_II22 putting_VVG all_DB our_APPGE eggs_NN2 --_NN1 or_CC our_APPGE eBooks_NN2 --_NN1 in_II one_MC1 basket_NN1 ,_, it_PPH1 is_VBZ more_RGR realistic_JJ to_TO consider_VVI how_RRQ reading_NN1 will_VM grow_VVI to_TO encompass_VVI constellations_NN2 of_IO reading_VVG technologies_NN2 ._. 
While_CS this_DD1 lecture_NN1 strives_VVZ to_TO point_VVI out_RP some_DD universals_NN2 --_NN1 that_CST it_PPH1 is_VBZ important_JJ to_TO support_VVI reading_VVG comfort_NN1 ;_; that_CST it_PPH1 isimportant_JJ to_TO provide_VVI access_NN1 to_II external_JJ resources_NN2 such_II21 as_II22 catalogs_NN2 ,_, search_NN1 engines_NN2 ,_, document_NN1 repositories_NN2 ,_, and_CC digital_JJ libraries_NN2 ;_; that_DD1 mobile_JJ devices_NN2 are_VBR a_AT1 significant_JJ enabler_NN1 to_II reading_VVG when_RRQ and_CC where_CS we_PPIS2 choose_VV0 --_NN1 I_PPIS1 am_VBM also_RR convinced_JJ that_CST there_EX is_VBZ no_AT single_JJ reading_NN1 solution_NN1 for_IF the_AT mobile_JJ worker_NN1 in_II the_AT digital_JJ or_CC physical_JJ library_NN1 ._. 
An_AT1 eBook_NN1 can_VM be_VBI the_AT principal_JJ venue_NN1 for_IF reading_VVG a_AT1 novel_NN1 ;_; it_PPH1 may_VM also_RR serve_VVI as_II an_AT1 auxiliary_JJ display_NN1 ,_, almost_RR like_II a_AT1 sheet_NN1 of_IO paper_NN1 ,_, or_CC as_II a_AT1 reference_NN1 while_CS the_AT reader_NN1 writes_VVZ using_VVG a_AT1 different_JJ computer_NN1 ._. 
As_CSA we_PPIS2 look_VV0 at_II the_AT people_NN around_II us_PPIO2 ,_, we_PPIS2 might_VM see_VVI them_PPHO2 reading_VVG on_II the_AT small_JJ screen_NN1 at_II hand_NN1 (_( e.g._REX ,_, an_AT1 iPhone_NN1 )_) because_CS that_DD1 's_VBZ what_DDQ they_PPHS2 have_VH0 and_CC it_PPH1 can_VM be_VBI used_VVN on_II a_AT1 crowded_JJ subway_NN1 with_IW little_DA1 ado_NN1 ._. 
On_II the_AT other_JJ hand_NN1 ,_, the_AT future_NN1 of_IO reading_NN1 may_VM not_XX be_VBI so_RG closely_RR tied_VVN to_II a_AT1 single_JJ platform_NN1 ._. 
Figure_NN1 7.6_MC shows_VVZ a_AT1 typical_JJ work_NN1 area_NN1 with_IW many_DA2 screens_NN2 that_CST represent_VV0 diverse_JJ form_NN1 factors_NN2 ._. 
Readily_RR visible_JJ are_VBR two_MC landscape-oriented_JJ displays_NN2 and_CC one_MC1 portrait-mode_JJ display_NN1 ._. 
But_CCB wait_VV0 !_! 
Look_VV0 more_RGR closely_RR ._. 
There_EX are_VBR two_MC smaller_JJR screens_NN2 all_RR21 but_RR22 hidden_VVN on_II the_AT desktop_NN1 :_: one_PN1 on_II her_APPGE mobile_JJ phone_NN1 and_CC one_PN1 on_II a_AT1 controller_NN1 for_IF some_DD communications_NN2 hardware_NN1 ._. 
Because_CS I_PPIS1 'm_VBM familiar_JJ with_IW this_DD1 office_NN1 ,_, I_PPIS1 also_RR know_VV0 there_EX are_VBR several_DA2 other_JJ displays_NN2 that_CST are_VBR just_RR off-camera_JJ and_CC a_AT1 laptop_NN1 that_CST is_VBZ blocked_VVN from_II view_NN1 ._. 
It_PPH1 's_VBZ not_XX difficult_JJ to_TO envision_VVI a_AT1 Kindle_VV0 in_II this_DD1 picture_NN1 nor_CC it_PPH1 is_VBZ difficult_JJ to_TO imagine_VVI the_AT study_NN1 participant_NN1 reading_VVG on_II any_DD of_IO the_AT screens_NN2 she_PPHS1 already_RR has_VHZ on_II her_APPGE desk_NN1 ._. 
Perhaps_RR she_PPHS1 will_VM even_RR carryone_VVI of_IO them_PPHO2 with_IW her_PPHO1 to_II a_AT1 quieter_JJR place_NN1 to_TO read_VVI ._. 
Yes_UH ,_, it_PPH1 does_VDZ have_VHI implications_NN2 ._. 
For_IF some_DD ,_, the_AT seams_NN2 between_II the_AT genres_NN2 have_VH0 meaning_NN1 ;_; others_NN2 wish_VV0 the_AT seams_NN2 would_VM simply_RR disappear_VVI ._. 
It_PPH1 seems_VVZ impossible_JJ (_( or_CC at_RR21 least_RR22 inadvisable_JJ )_) to_TO predict_VVI the_AT future_NN1 of_IO reading_NN1 ._. 
What_DDQ it_PPH1 is_VBZ possible_JJ to_TO say_VVI from_II all_DB of_IO this_DD1 is_VBZ that_DD1 reading_NN1 is_VBZ a_AT1 hybrid_NN1 ._. 
It_PPH1 is_VBZ neither_RR the_AT little_JJ girl_NN1 curled_VVD up_RP in_II a_AT1 window_NN1 seat_NN1 in_II the_AT sun_NN1 with_IW her_APPGE copy_NN1 of_IO Harry_NP1 Potter_NP1 and_CC the_AT Half-Blood_NN1 Prince_NN1 nor_CC is_VBZ it_PPH1 the_AT graduate_NN1 student_NN1 sequestered_VVD in_II her_APPGE library_NN1 carrel_NN1 ,_, surrounded_VVN with_IW the_AT source_NN1 materials_NN2 for_IF her_APPGE dissertation_NN1 ._. 
It_PPH1 is_VBZ both_DB2 ._. 
Readers_NN2 do_VD0 focus_VVI on_II a_AT1 single_JJ reading_NN1 surface_NN1 or_CC display_VV0 at_II times_NNT2 ,_, but_CCB then_RT they_PPHS2 bring_VV0 it_PPH1 into_II a_AT1 broader_JJR context_NN1 ._. 
Reading_NP1 is_VBZ an_AT1 unselfconscious_JJ orchestration_NN1 of_IO many_DA2 things_NN2 ;_; the_AT success_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 next_MD generation_NN1 of_IO eBooks_NN2 relies_VVZ on_II our_APPGE ability_NN1 to_TO see_VVI them_PPHO2 as_II part_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 larger_JJR system_NN1 of_IO diverse_JJ genres_NN2 ,_, technologies_NN2 ,_, and_CC activities_NN2 ._. 
