Cell-Off_NN1 :_: Induced_JJ Pluripotent_JJ Stem_NN1 Cells_NN2 Fall_VV0 Short_NP1 of_IO Potential_NN1 Found_VVN in_II Embryonic_JJ Version_NN1 It_PPH1 was_VBDZ hoped_VVN using_VVG reprogrammed_JJ mature_JJ cells_NN2 would_VM be_VBI a_AT1 noncontroversial_JJ alternative_NN1 to_II embryo-derived_JJ stem_NN1 cells_NN2 ._. 
But_CCB problems_NN2 like_II low_JJ replication_NN1 rates_NN2 and_CC early_JJ senescence_NN1 have_VH0 impeded_VVN their_APPGE efficacy_NN1 in_II generating_VVG differentiated_JJ cells_NN2 STEM_VV0 CELL_NN1 UPDATE_NN1 :_: It_PPH1 was_VBDZ hoped_VVN that_CST iPS_VVZ cells_NN2 could_VM get_VVI around_RP some_DD ethical_JJ concerns_NN2 regarding_II the_AT use_NN1 of_IO embryonic_JJ stem_NN1 cells_NN2 ,_, but_CCB new_JJ research_NN1 suggests_VVZ iPS_NN2 cells_NN2 are_VBR not_XX a_AT1 good_JJ substitute_NN1 ._. 
The_AT act_NN1 of_IO reprogramming_VVG cells_NN2 to_TO make_VVI them_PPHO2 as_RG capable_JJ as_CSA ones_NN2 from_II embryos_NN2 apparently_RR can_VM result_VVI in_II aberrant_JJ cells_NN2 that_CST age_NN1 and_CC die_VV0 abnormally_RR ,_, suggesting_VVG there_EX is_VBZ a_AT1 long_JJ way_NN1 to_TO go_VVI to_TO prove_VVI such_DA cells_NN2 are_VBR really_RR like_II embryonic_JJ stem_NN1 cells_NN2 and_CC can_VM find_VVI use_NN1 in_II therapies_NN2 ._. 
Embryonic_JJ stem_NN1 cells_NN2 are_VBR pluripotent_JJ ,_, able_JK to_TO create_VVI all_DB cell_NN1 types_NN2 ,_, save_VV0 more_RGR embryonic_JJ tissue_NN1 ._. 
To_TO avoid_VVI the_AT controversy_NN1 surrounding_VVG these_DD2 cells_NN2 ,_, scientists_NN2 around_II the_AT world_NN1 have_VH0 explored_VVN reprogramming_VVG mature_JJ cells_NN2 to_TO make_VVI them_PPHO2 just_RR as_RG potent_JJ ,_, with_IW the_AT hope_NN1 being_VBG that_DD1 such_DA induced_JJ pluripotent_JJ stem_NN1 (_( iPS_VVZ )_) cells_NN2 might_VM one_MC1 day_NNT1 help_VVI replace_VVI diseased_JJ or_CC damaged_JJ tissue_NN1 ._. 
Rapid_JJ progress_NN1 is_VBZ being_VBG made_VVN toward_II controlled_JJ differentiation_NN1 of_IO human_NN1 iPS_VVZ cells_NN2 into_II specific_JJ tissue_NN1 types_NN2 ,_, such_II21 as_II22 heart_NN1 ,_, neuron_NN1 ,_, liver_NN1 ,_, pancreas_NN1 and_CC eye_NN1 ._. 
"_" You_PPY hear_VV0 all_DB this_DD1 dialogue_NN1 in_II the_AT media_NN and_CC scientific_JJ community_NN1 about_II how_RRQ iPS_VVZ cells_NN2 are_VBR just_RR the_AT same_DA as_CSA embryonic_JJ stem_NN1 cells_NN2 ,_, how_RRQ they_PPHS2 can_VM solve_VVI the_AT whole_JJ controversy_NN1 by_II removing_VVG the_AT need_NN1 for_IF embryos_NN2 ,_, "_" says_VVZ stem_NN1 cell_NN1 scientist_NN1 Robert_NP1 Lanza_NP1 ,_, chief_JJ scientific_JJ officer_NN1 at_II Advanced_JJ Cell_NN1 Technology_NN1 in_II Worcester_NP1 ,_, Mass_NP1 ._. 
"_" There_EX 's_VBZ a_AT1 lot_NN1 of_IO excitement_NN1 about_II iPS_NN2 cells_NN2 ,_, but_CCB no_PN121 one_PN122 wants_VVZ to_TO hear_VVI about_II the_AT problems_NN2 ._. "_" 
Lanza_NN1 and_CC his_APPGE colleagues_NN2 investigated_VVD a_AT1 range_NN1 of_IO cell_NN1 types_NN2 derived_VVN from_II eight_MC human_JJ iPS_NN2 cell_NN1 lines_NN2 and_CC 25_MC embryonic_JJ stem_NN1 cell_NN1 lines_NN2 ._. 
At_RR21 first_RR22 they_PPHS2 found_VVD that_DD1 human_NN1 iPS_VVZ cells_NN2 could_VM indeed_RR generate_VVI blood_NN1 vessel_NN1 ,_, blood_NN1 precursor_NN1 and_CC retinal_JJ cells_NN2 with_IW characteristics_NN2 similar_JJ to_II ones_NN2 derived_VVN from_II embryonic_JJ stem_NN1 cells_NN2 ,_, albeit_CS with_IW significantly_RR reduced_VVN efficiency_NN1 ._. 
Further_JJR study_NN1 ,_, however_RR ,_, revealed_VVD cells_NN2 derived_VVN from_II iPS_NN2 cells_NN2 had_VHD significantly_RR higher_JJR rates_NN2 of_IO cell_NN1 death_NN1 ,_, or_CC apoptosis_NN1 ,_, than_CSN ones_NN2 from_II embryonic_JJ stem_NN1 cells_NN2 ._. 
Moreover_RR ,_, whereas_CS the_AT blood_NN1 vessel_NN1 cells_NN2 that_CST resulted_VVD could_VM also_RR form_VVI capillarylike_JJ structures_NN2 ,_, they_PPHS2 and_CC the_AT retinal_JJ cells_NN2 aged_VVN prematurely_RR ,_, losing_VVG their_APPGE ability_NN1 to_TO divide_VVI ._. 
In_RR21 addition_RR22 ,_, where_CS cells_NN2 derived_VVN from_II embryonic_JJ stem_NN1 cells_NN2 are_VBR great_JJ at_II proliferating_JJ --_NN1 a_AT1 potentially_RR critical_JJ feature_NN1 if_CS one_PN1 wants_VVZ to_TO grow_VVI sufficient_JJ numbers_NN2 of_IO cells_NN2 for_IF clinical_JJ use_NN1 --_NN1 ones_NN2 from_II the_AT iPS_NN2 lines_NN2 were_VBDR much_RR feebler_JJR ._. 
"_" It_PPH1 's_VBZ not_XX just_RR a_AT1 little_JJ difference_NN1 ,_, but_CCB up_II21 to_II22 1,000-_FO to_II 5,000-fold_FO less_RRR activity_NN1 ,_, the_AT difference_NN1 between_II not_XX having_VHG enough_DD to_TO coat_VVI the_AT tip_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 pen_NN1 to_II enough_DD to_TO fill_VVI a_AT1 whole_JJ test_NN1 tube_NN1 ,_, "_" Lanza_NP1 says_VVZ ._. 
"_" We_PPIS2 were_VBDR devastated_VVN to_TO find_VVI this_DD1 out_RP ,_, "_" Lanza_NP1 adds_VVZ ._. 
He_PPHS1 notes_VVZ his_APPGE company_NN1 had_VHD planned_VVN this_DD1 year_NNT1 to_TO apply_VVI to_II the_AT U.S._NP1 Food_NN1 and_CC Drug_NN1 Administration_NN1 to_TO use_VVI red_JJ blood_NN1 cells_NN2 and_CC platelets_NN2 derived_VVN from_II iPS_NN2 cells_NN2 in_II clinical_JJ trials_NN2 ,_, but_CCB "_" at_II this_DD1 point_NN1 ,_, therapies_NN2 with_IW these_DD2 cells_NN2 are_VBR years_NNT2 off_RP ._. "_" 
There_EX were_VBDR already_RR concerns_VVZ surrounding_VVG the_AT use_NN1 of_IO iPS_NN2 cells_NN2 in_II therapies_NN2 because_CS prior_JJ studies_NN2 suggested_VVD they_PPHS2 were_VBDR prone_JJ to_II forming_VVG cancers_NN2 ._. 
"_" What_DDQ our_APPGE findings_NN2 show_VV0 is_VBZ that_CST the_AT problems_NN2 with_IW iPS_NN2 cells_NN2 do_VD0 n't_XX just_RR involve_VVI one_MC1 or_CC two_MC or_CC a_AT1 few_DA2 abnormal_JJ iPS_NN2 cells_NN2 escaping_VVG into_II the_AT body_NN1 and_CC forming_VVG tumors_NN2 ,_, but_CCB that_CST the_AT whole_JJ population_NN1 of_IO cells_NN2 is_VBZ screwed_VVN up_RP ,_, "_" Lanza_NP1 says_VVZ ._. 
Although_CS no_AT clinical_JJ trials_NN2 involving_VVG therapies_NN2 derived_VVN from_II iPS_NN2 cells_NN2 are_VBR on_II the_AT books_NN2 ,_, researchers_NN2 are_VBR currently_RR testing_VVG drugs_NN2 on_II them_PPHO2 ._. 
"_" Our_APPGE results_NN2 are_VBR saying_VVG that_CST if_CS cells_NN2 in_II these_DD2 experiments_NN2 are_VBR senescing_VVG and_CC undergoing_VVG apoptosis_NN1 ,_, any_DD conclusions_NN2 we_PPIS2 draw_VV0 from_II that_DD1 might_VM not_XX apply_VVI to_II what_DDQ drugs_NN2 are_VBR being_VBG tested_VVN on_II them_PPHO2 ,_, but_CCB from_II how_RRQ the_AT cells_NN2 were_VBDR derived_VVN ,_, "_" Lanza_NP1 says_VVZ ._. 
The_AT abnormalities_NN2 seen_VVN with_IW the_AT iPS_NN2 cells_NN2 may_VM be_VBI related_VVN to_II viruses_NN2 used_VMK to_TO create_VVI them_PPHO2 ._. 
Unpublished_JJ results_NN2 from_II the_AT researchers_NN2 hint_VV0 that_CST significantly_RR fewer_DAR anomalies_NN2 are_VBR seen_VVN in_II iPS_NN2 cells_NN2 created_VVN via_II virus-free_JJ reprogramming_JJ strategies_NN2 ,_, such_II21 as_II22 ones_NN2 that_CST use_VV0 proteins_NN2 or_CC small-molecule_JJ drugs_NN2 ._. 
"_" The_AT most_RGT obvious_JJ explanation_NN1 there_EX is_VBZ that_CST one_PN1 can_VM not_XX slice_VVI up_RP DNA_NN1 with_IW viruses_NN2 and_CC not_XX expect_VV0 consequences_NN2 ,_, "_" Lanza_NP1 says_VVZ ._. 
He_PPHS1 and_CC his_APPGE colleagues_NN2 detailed_VVD their_APPGE findings_NN2 online_JJ February_NPM1 11_MC in_II the_AT journal_NN1 Stem_NN1 Cells_NN2 ._. 
"_" This_DD1 shows_VVZ iPS_NN2 cells_NN2 have_VH0 a_AT1 lot_NN1 of_IO problems_NN2 ,_, but_CCB that_DD1 does_VDZ n't_XX mean_VVI they_PPHS2 do_VD0 n't_XX have_VHI potential_JJ --_NN1 just_RR not_XX with_IW the_AT established_JJ methodologies_NN2 used_VMK to_TO create_VVI them_PPHO2 ,_, "_" says_VVZ tissue_NN1 engineer_NN1 Anthony_NP1 Atala_NP1 ,_, director_NN1 of_IO Wake_NN1 Forest_NN1 University_NN1 Baptist_JJ Medical_JJ Center_NN1 's_GE Institute_NN1 for_IF Regenerative_JJ Medicine_NN1 in_II Winston-Salem_NP1 ,_, N.C._NP1 "_" It_PPH1 's_VBZ a_AT1 solvable_JJ problem_NN1 ,_, but_CCB it_PPH1 looks_VVZ as_CS21 if_CS22 one_PN1 should_VM look_VVI away_II21 from_II22 methods_NN2 that_CST do_VD0 n't_XX genetically_RR modify_VVI the_AT cell_NN1 ._. "_" 
Future_JJ research_NN1 should_VM not_XX only_RR compare_VVI how_RGQ embryonic_JJ stem_NN1 cells_NN2 ,_, iPS_VVZ cells_NN2 and_CC adult_NN1 stem_NN1 cells_NN2 differentiate_VV0 ,_, but_CCB focus_VV0 on_II what_DDQ effects_VVZ the_AT niche_NN1 in_II which_DDQ these_DD2 cells_NN2 will_VM reside_VVI ,_, when_CS transplanted_VVN ,_, will_VM have_VHI on_II their_APPGE characteristics_NN2 ,_, including_II tendencies_NN2 to_TO mutate_VVI into_II cancer_NN1 cells_NN2 ,_, notes_VVZ cell_NN1 and_CC stem_VV0 cell_NN1 biologist_NN1 Olga_NP1 Genbacev_NP1 at_II the_AT University_NN1 of_IO California_NP1 ,_, San_NP1 Francisco_NP1 ,_, (_( U.C.S.F._NP1 )_) School_NN1 of_IO Medicine_NN1 ._. 
"_" The_AT major_JJ obstacle_NN1 for_IF this_DD1 research_NN1 is_VBZ time_NNT1 :_: We_PPIS2 need_VV0 time_NNT1 and_CC coordinated_JJ international_JJ efforts_NN2 ,_, "_" she_PPHS1 says_VVZ ._. 
"_" Rather_II21 than_II22 being_VBG gloom_NN1 and_CC doom_NN1 with_IW these_DD2 results_NN2 ,_, we_PPIS2 should_VM think_VVI of_IO them_PPHO2 pointing_VVG us_PPIO2 toward_II things_NN2 that_CST are_VBR going_VVGK to_TO have_VHI to_TO be_VBI fixed_VVN ,_, "_" commented_VVD developmental_JJ and_CC stem_VV0 cell_NN1 biologist_NN1 Susan_NP1 Fisher_NP1 at_II U.C.S.F._NP1 "_" For_REX21 instance_REX22 ,_, these_DD2 undergo_VV0 senescence_NN1 early_RR ._. 
Well_RR ,_, there_EX are_VBR major_JJ pathways_NN2 known_VVN to_TO control_VVI senescence_NN1 ._. 
We_PPIS2 'll_VM want_VVI to_TO look_VVI at_II those_DD2 pathways_NN2 to_TO understand_VVI what_DDQ 's_VBZ going_VVG on_RP in_II these_DD2 iPS_NN2 cells_NN2 and_CC see_VV0 if_CS we_PPIS2 can_VM repair_VVI them_PPHO2 ._. "_" 
