The_AT engaged_JJ geographer_NN1 :_: Research_NN1 in_II the_AT wider_JJR community_NN1 Introduction_NN1 After_II 55_MC years_NNT2 in_II geography_NN1 ,_, it_PPH1 might_VM be_VBI useful_JJ to_TO look_VVI back_RP at_II the_AT why_RRQ ,_, how_RRQ ,_, what_DDQ and_CC where_RRQ of_IO my_APPGE public_JJ involvement_NN1 ,_, as_CSA a_AT1 suggestive_JJ guide_NN1 to_II younger_JJR geographers_NN2 ,_, in_II and_CC out_II21 of_II22 academia_NN1 who_PNQS may_VM be_VBI interested_JJ in_II putting_VVG their_APPGE geographic_JJ knowledge_NN1 and_CC skills_NN2 to_TO use_VVI in_II the_AT wider_JJR community_NN1 ._. 
Although_CS my_APPGE motivations_NN2 may_VM usually_RR have_VHI been_VBN altruistic_JJ ,_, there_EX have_VH0 often_RR been_VBN substantial_JJ benefits_NN2 ,_, for_REX21 example_REX22 ,_, in_II the_AT form_NN1 of_IO recognition_NN1 ,_, supplementary_JJ income_NN1 ,_, positions_NN2 for_IF students_NN2 ,_, and_CC publications_NN2 ._. 
Projects_NN2 will_VM be_VBI divided_VVN into_II three_MC sets_NN2 :_: more_DAR 'pure'_JJ non-reimbursed_JJ service_NN1 activities_NN2 ;_; often_RR in_II the_AT local_JJ community_NN1 contractual_JJ public_JJ sector_NN1 projects_NN2 ,_, and_CC court_NN1 case_NN1 participation_NN1 ._. 
Keys_NN2 to_II involvement_NN1 include_VV0 motivation_NN1 ,_, appropriate_JJ skills_NN2 and_CC interests_NN2 ,_, opportunity_NN1 and_CC ,_, yes_UH ,_, aggressiveness_NN1 ._. 
My_APPGE personal_JJ motivation_NN1 came_VVD naturally_RR from_II my_APPGE idealism_NN1 and_CC radicalism_NN1 ._. 
During_II graduate_NN1 work_NN1 at_II the_AT University_NN1 of_IO Washington_NP1 ,_, I_PPIS1 joined_VVD the_AT Students_NN2 for_IF a_AT1 Democratic_JJ Society_NN1 and_CC the_AT American_JJ Friends_NN2 Service_VV0 Committee_NN1 ,_, and_CC began_VVD to_TO create_VVI a_AT1 network_NN1 of_IO friends_NN2 ._. 
The_AT very_JJ nature_NN1 of_IO geography_NN1 greatly_RR encouraged_VVN these_DD2 efforts_NN2 for_IF public_JJ involvement_NN1 --_NN1 all_DB that_DD1 information_NN1 about_II people_NN and_CC places_NN2 ,_, developing_VVG skills_NN2 with_IW maps_NN2 and_CC map_NN1 communication_NN1 ,_, the_AT high_JJ likelihood_NN1 of_IO class_NN1 discussions_NN2 of_IO local_JJ issues_NN2 (_( housing_NN1 ,_, education_NN1 ,_, transportation_NN1 ,_, land_NN1 use_NN1 ,_, environment_NN1 ,_, poverty_NN1 and_CC racism_NN1 )_) and_CC its_APPGE inherent_JJ eclecticism_NN1 and_CC inter-disciplinarity_NN1 ._. 
The_AT development_NN1 of_IO statistical_JJ and_CC modeling_VVG skills_NN2 ,_, including_II the_AT assessment_NN1 of_IO proposed_JJ private_JJ and_CC public_JJ proposals_NN2 was_VBDZ valuable_JJ ,_, as_CSA was_VBDZ the_AT deliberate_JJ pursuit_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 broad_JJ human_JJ geography_NN1 --_NN1 economics_NN1 ,_, transportation_NN1 ,_, social_JJ ,_, population_NN1 ,_, political_JJ and_CC medical_JJ ,_, but_CCB tied_VVD together_RL by_II the_AT concept_NN1 of_IO understanding_NN1 how_RRQ people_NN and_CC institutions_NN2 act_VV0 in_II space_NN1 and_CC create_VV0 and_CC change_VV0 places_NN2 ._. 
Opportunities_NN2 are_VBR legion_NN1 ,_, from_II responding_VVG to_II local_JJ community_NN1 needs_VVZ to_II working_VVG with_IW state_NN1 ,_, regional_JJ or_CC national_JJ communities_NN2 of_IO interest_NN1 ,_, with_IW citizens_NN2 who_PNQS welcome_VV0 collaboration_NN1 with_IW academic_JJ researchers_NN2 ._. 
Motivation_NN1 was_VBDZ not_XX enough_RR ._. 
It_PPH1 was_VBDZ necessary_JJ to_TO be_VBI a_RR21 little_RR22 aggressive_JJ through_II participation_NN1 in_II interest_NN1 groups_NN2 ,_, volunteering_VVG to_TO take_VVI on_RP research_NN1 (_( often_RR simple_JJ mapping_NN1 )_) ,_, and_CC in_II responding_VVG to_II RFPS_NP1 (_( requests_NN2 for_IF proposals_NN2 )_) ,_, even_RR at_II the_AT risk_NN1 of_IO rejection_NN1 ._. 
Absolutely_RR critical_JJ was_VBDZ the_AT building_NN1 of_IO and_CC maintenance_NN1 of_IO networks_NN2 with_IW other_JJ people_NN ,_, certainly_RR including_II political_JJ representatives_NN2 and_CC bureaucrats_NN2 at_II all_DB levels_NN2 ,_, but_CCB especially_RR with_IW community_NN1 leaders_NN2 and_CC activists_NN2 ._. 
Non-reimbursed_JJ service_NN1 involvements_NN2 These_DD2 have_VH0 been_VBN frequent_JJ ,_, smaller_JJR in_II scope_NN1 ,_, but_CCB were_VBDR critical_JJ to_II gaining_VVG a_AT1 local_JJ reputation_NN1 ,_, paving_VVG the_AT way_NN1 to_II larger_JJR contractual_JJ projects_NN2 and_CC court_NN1 cases_NN2 ,_, described_VVN below_RL ._. 
My_APPGE earliest_JJT involvements_NN2 were_VBDR as_II a_AT1 member_NN1 of_IO CORE_NN1 (_( Congress_NN1 of_IO Racial_JJ Equality_NN1 )_) and_CC of_IO the_AT AFSC_NP1 (_( American_JJ Friends_NN2 Service_VV0 Committee_NN1 )_) ._. 
For_IF CORE_NN1 I_PPIS1 helped_VVD in_II a_AT1 campaign_NN1 to_TO end_VVI housing_NN1 discrimination_NN1 (_( see_VV0 court_NN1 case_NN1 below_RL )_) and_CC helped_VVD design_NN1 a_AT1 Triad_NN1 plan_NN1 to_TO desegregate_VVI the_AT Seattle_NP1 schools_NN2 (_( see_VV0 contractual_JJ projects_NN2 below_RL )_) ._. 
The_AT AFSC_NN1 work_NN1 involved_VVD deinstitutionalization_NN1 (_( not_XX an_AT1 unvarnished_JJ success_NN1 )_) ._. 
I_PPIS1 volunteered_VVD with_IW King_NNB County_NP1 to_TO develop_VVI their_APPGE first_MD comprehensive_JJ plan_NN1 ._. 
I_PPIS1 began_VVD work_NN1 with_IW the_AT Census_NN1 Statistical_JJ Area_NN1 Committee_NN1 to_TO do_VDI work_NN1 on_II the_AT 1970_MC census_NN1 (_( driving_JJ roads_NN2 ,_, finding_VVG addresses_NN2 !_! )_) ,_, chairing_VVG the_AT committee_NN1 since_II 1976_MC ,_, and_CC did_VDD much_DA1 of_IO the_AT work_NN1 in_II revising_VVG census_NN1 geography_NN1 for_IF the_AT 1980_MC ,_, 1990_MC ,_, 2000_MC and_CC now_RT the_AT 2010_MC census_NN1 ._. 
This_DD1 early_JJ involvement_NN1 was_VBDZ absolutely_RR critical_JJ to_II my_APPGE appointment_NN1 to_II and_CC success_NN1 with_IW many_DA2 major_JJ projects_NN2 discussed_VVN in_II the_AT following_JJ sections_NN2 ,_, and_CC to_II such_DA local_JJ committees_NN2 as_CSA the_AT Regional_JJ Technical_JJ Committee_NN1 (_( data_NN ,_, models_NN2 )_) for_IF our_APPGE MPO_NN1 (_( Puget_NP1 Sound_NN1 Regional_JJ Council_NN1 )_) and_CC to_II my_APPGE position_NN1 as_CSA demographer_NN1 for_IF the_AT Central_JJ Puget_NN1 Sound_NN1 Real_JJ Estate_NN1 Research_NN1 Committee_NN1 since_II 1986_MC ,_, producing_VVG twice-yearly_JJ reports_NN2 on_II population_NN1 and_CC planning_NN1 ._. 
In_II the_AT area_NN1 of_IO political_JJ districting_NN1 ,_, I_PPIS1 prepared_VVD plans_NN2 in_II31 connection_II32 with_II33 Seattle_NP1 ,_, King_NN1 and_CC Pierce_NP1 county_NN1 charter_NN1 review_NN1 projects_NN2 ,_, working_VVG with_IW local_JJ reformers_NN2 ._. 
Fig._NN1 1_MC1 is_VBZ a_AT1 map_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 system_NN1 of_IO districts_NN2 for_IF election_NN1 of_IO the_AT Seattle_NP1 City_NN1 council_NN1 in_II31 support_II32 of_II33 a_AT1 citizen_NN1 effort_NN1 to_TO elect_VVI the_AT council_NN1 by_II districts_NN2 rather_RR than_CSN at_RR21 large_RR22 (_( we_PPIS2 lost_VVD )_) ._. 
In_II the_AT broader_JJR area_NN1 of_IO urban_JJ governance_NN1 ,_, I_PPIS1 worked_VVD on_II two_MC major_JJ efforts_NN2 (_( unsuccessful_JJ !_! )_) to_TO achieve_VVI some_DD form_NN1 of_IO metropolitan_JJ government_NN1 ._. 
In_II the_AT areas_NN2 of_IO health_NN1 and_CC poverty_NN1 ,_, I_PPIS1 helped_VVD in_II a_AT1 United_JJ Way_NN1 project_NN1 on_II the_AT geography_NN1 of_IO service_NN1 needs_NN2 ,_, on_II a_AT1 Council_NN1 of_IO Churches_NN2 ,_, "_" Decency_NP1 Project_NP1 "_" ,_, and_CC served_VVD on_II the_AT Planning_NN1 committee_NN1 for_IF the_AT large_JJ Group_NN1 Health_NN1 Cooperative_NN1 ._. 
My_APPGE mapping_NN1 skills_NN2 were_VBDR helpful_JJ in_II working_VVG with_IW neighborhood_NN1 community_NN1 development_NN1 efforts_NN2 ._. 
I_PPIS1 enjoyed_VVD serving_VVG on_II the_AT State_NN1 Board_NN1 for_IF Geographic_JJ Names_NN2 for_IF a_AT1 decade_NNT1 ,_, but_CCB my_APPGE most_RGT exciting_JJ and_CC responsible_JJ position_NN1 was_VBDZ on_II the_AT Washington_NP1 state_NN1 Boundary_NN1 Review_NN1 Board_NN1 for_IF King_NN1 county_NN1 ,_, a_AT1 quasi-judicial_JJ body_NN1 dealing_VVG with_IW annexation_NN1 ,_, incorporation_NN1 and_CC special_JJ districts_NN2 ._. 
Recently_RR I_PPIS1 served_VVD on_II the_AT review_NN1 board_NN1 for_IF King_NNB County_NP1 's_GE huge_JJ sewer_NN1 expansion_NN1 ._. 
I_PPIS1 participated_VVD in_II the_AT Washington_NP1 state_NN1 Growth_NN1 Strategies_NN2 Commission_NN1 ,_, which_DDQ led_VVD to_II the_AT adoption_NN1 of_IO the_AT Growth_NN1 Management_NN1 Act_NN1 ,_, 1990_MC ._. 
Opposition_NN1 to_II the_AT geographic_JJ tool_NN1 of_IO the_AT urban_JJ growth_NN1 boundary_NN1 led_VVN to_II my_APPGE marginalization_NN1 from_II some_DD levels_NN2 of_IO government_NN1 ._. 
Instead_RR I_PPIS1 find_VV0 myself_PPX1 working_VVG with_IW neighborhood_NN1 councils_NN2 ,_, often_RR in_II opposition_NN1 to_II the_AT grandiose_JJ plans_NN2 of_IO local_JJ government_NN1 ._. 
Of_RR21 course_RR22 ,_, this_DD1 extended_VVD to_II doing_VDG a_AT1 little_JJ research_NN1 for_IF local_JJ candidates_NN2 I_PPIS1 supported_VVD !_! 
I_PPIS1 have_VH0 been_VBN engaged_VVN in_II a_AT1 number_NN1 of_IO environmental_JJ projects_NN2 over_II the_AT years_NNT2 ,_, for_REX21 example_REX22 the_AT creation_NN1 of_IO the_AT North_ND1 Cascades_VVZ National_JJ Park_NN1 ,_, several_DA2 Wilderness_NN1 Areas_NN2 ,_, policies_NN2 on_II off-road_JJ use_NN1 ,_, and_CC preservation_NN1 of_IO hot_JJ springs_NN2 ,_, all_DB as_II a_AT1 member_NN1 of_IO community_NN1 interest_NN1 groups_NN2 created_VVN for_IF the_AT purpose_NN1 ._. 
A_AT1 final_JJ part_NN1 of_IO general_JJ public_JJ involvement_NN1 has_VHZ been_VBN the_AT dozens_NNO2 of_IO talks_NN2 to_II many_DA2 governmental_JJ and_CC non-governmental_JJ groups_NN2 over_II the_AT years_NNT2 ,_, usually_RR on_II some_DD aspect_NN1 of_IO urban_JJ and_CC regional_JJ planning_NN1 ._. 
Consultant_NN1 type_NN1 public_NN1 involvements_NN2 After_II achieving_VVG some_DD reputation_NN1 in_II urban_JJ geography/demography_NN1 and_CC political_JJ geography_NN1 ,_, I_PPIS1 was_VBDZ occasionally_RR invited_VVN to_TO participate_VVI in_II studies_NN2 and_CC analyses_NN2 for_IF charities_NN2 ,_, service_NN1 providers_NN2 ,_, governments_NN2 ,_, or_CC public_JJ authorities_NN2 ._. 
The_AT first_MD large_JJ project_NN1 was_VBDZ as_CSA Director_NN1 of_IO the_AT Chicago_NP1 Regional_JJ Hospital_NN1 Study_NN1 ,_, 1966-1967_MCMC ,_, a_AT1 large_JJ scale_NN1 evaluation_NN1 of_IO access_NN1 to_II and_CC utilization_NN1 of_IO the_AT hospitals_NN2 of_IO greater_JJR Chicago_NP1 ,_, leading_VVG me_PPIO1 and_CC students_NN2 to_II a_AT1 substantial_JJ specialization_NN1 in_II health_NN1 services_NN2 or_CC medical_JJ geography_NN1 ,_, dissertations_NN2 for_IF students_NN2 at_II Washington_NP1 and_CC Chicago_NP1 ,_, and_CC certainly_RR ,_, some_DD appreciation_NN1 for_IF the_AT diverse_JJ political_JJ interests_NN2 in_II the_AT topic_NN1 ._. 
Back_NN1 at_II the_AT University_NN1 of_IO Washington_NP1 ,_, I_PPIS1 participated_VVD in_II the_AT Puget_NN1 Sound_NN1 Transportation_NN1 Study_NN1 ,_, a_AT1 device_NN1 for_IF local_JJ leaders_NN2 to_TO push_VVI for_IF rail_NN1 rapid_JJ transit_NN1 --_NN1 another_DD1 endlessly_RR controversial_JJ topic_NN1 ._. 
My_APPGE dissertation_NN1 was_VBDZ in_II transportation_NN1 geography_NN1 ,_, and_CC I_PPIS1 came_VVD to_TO oppose_VVI the_AT proposed_JJ rail_NN1 plan_NN1 on_II cost-benefit_JJ grounds_NN2 ,_, triggering_VVG almost_RR 40_MC years_NNT2 ago_RA my_APPGE lasting_JJ disfavor_NN1 with_IW part_NN1 of_IO the_AT political_JJ establishment_NN1 ._. 
Yes_UH ,_, there_EX is_VBZ a_AT1 cost_NN1 for_IF taking_VVG the_AT "_" wrong_JJ "_" position_NN1 ._. 
In_II the_AT 1970s_MC2 I_PPIS1 carried_VVD out_RP many_DA2 small_JJ scale_NN1 studies_NN2 for_IF a_AT1 number_NN1 of_IO school_NN1 districts_NN2 and_CC public_JJ hospital_NN1 districts_NN2 ,_, with_II31 respect_II32 to_II33 future_JJ enrollment_NN1 or_CC patient_JJ demand_NN1 ,_, the_AT need_NN1 for_IF closing_VVG or_CC new_JJ schools_NN2 and_CC the_AT delimitation_NN1 of_IO director_NN1 and_CC enrollment_NN1 districts_NN2 ._. 
Many_DA2 were_VBDR unpopular_JJ but_CCB necessary_JJ ,_, such_II21 as_II22 the_AT Seattle_NP1 school_NN1 closure_NN1 impact_NN1 study_NN1 ,_, followed_VVN by_II the_AT even_RR more_RGR unpopular_JJ and_CC difficult_JJ study_NN1 for_IF the_AT State_NN1 Superintendent_NN1 of_IO Public_JJ Instruction_NN1 on_II consolidation_NN1 of_IO school_NN1 districts_NN2 themselves_PPX2 ._. 
While_CS Associate_JJ Director_NN1 of_IO the_AT Institute_NN1 for_IF Environmental_JJ Studies_NN2 ,_, I_PPIS1 conducted_VVD an_AT1 evaluation_NN1 for_IF the_AT state_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 public_JJ future_NN1 "_" visioning_VVG "_" exercise_NN1 called_VVN "_" Alternatives_NN2 for_IF Washington_NP1 "_" ,_, the_AT first_MD of_IO several_DA2 such_DA reviews_NN2 ,_, and_CC again_RT ,_, one_PN1 which_DDQ inescapably_RR made_VVN enemies_NN2 as_II31 well_II32 as_II33 friends_NN2 ._. 
In_II the_AT 1980s_MC2 came_VVD several_DA2 more_DAR education-related_JJ projects_NN2 ,_, most_RRT quite_RG satisfying_JJ ,_, but_CCB again_RT controversial_JJ ._. 
Again_RT for_IF the_AT state_NN1 of_IO Washington_NP1 ,_, I_PPIS1 undertook_VVD an_AT1 assessment_NN1 of_IO the_AT distribution_NN1 of_IO "_" special_JJ needs_NN2 "_" students_NN2 (_( disability_NN1 ,_, poverty_NN1 ,_, language_NN1 ,_, etc_RA )_) ._. 
In_II the_AT late_JJ 1980s_MC2 ,_, after_CS a_AT1 decade_NNT1 of_IO mandatory_JJ bussing_VVG for_IF desegregation_NN1 ,_, I_PPIS1 analyzed_VVD the_AT demographic_JJ impact_NN1 of_IO such_DA bussing_VVG ,_, discovering_VVG quite_RG severe_JJ costs_NN2 (_( 2/3_MF of_IO children_NN2 born_VVN in_II Seattle_NP1 left_VVD the_AT city_NN1 schools_NN2 )_) ._. 
I_PPIS1 then_RT advised_VVD the_AT abandonment_NN1 of_IO bussing_VVG as_II a_AT1 failed_JJ social_JJ experiment_NN1 ,_, but_CCB the_AT district_NN1 asked_VVD instead_RR for_IF a_AT1 less_RGR unpopular_JJ revised_JJ plan_NN1 ._. 
Perhaps_RR the_AT most_RGT satisfying_JJ project_NN1 of_IO my_APPGE career_NN1 was_VBDZ a_AT1 study_NN1 (_( with_IW W._NP1 Byers_NP1 )_) for_IF the_AT state_NN1 's_GE university_NN1 presidents_NN2 and_CC Higher_JJR Education_NN1 Board_NN1 on_II unmet_JJ need_NN1 and_CC the_AT possibility_NN1 of_IO branch_NN1 campuses_NN2 ._. 
We_PPIS2 demonstrated_VVD the_AT need_NN1 ,_, and_CC the_AT legislature_NN1 voted_VVD to_TO create_VVI branch_NN1 campuses_NN2 and_CC adopted_VVD my_APPGE plan_NN1 for_IF two_MC branch_NN1 campuses_NN2 for_IF the_AT University_NN1 of_IO Washington_NP1 ,_, based_VVN on_II a_AT1 geographic_JJ location_NN1 analysis_NN1 algorithm._NNU !_! 
A_AT1 large_JJ and_CC long-running_JJ project_NN1 (_( 10_MC years_NNT2 )_) was_VBDZ my_APPGE appointment_NN1 as_CSA demographer_NN1 to_II the_AT Hanford_NP1 Environmental_JJ Dose_NN1 Reconstruction_NN1 project_NN1 ,_, to_TO assess_VVI the_AT health_NN1 problems_NN2 from_II 30_MC years_NNT2 of_IO radioactive_JJ releases_NN2 from_II Hanford_NP1 nuclear_JJ site_NN1 operations_NN2 ._. 
My_APPGE role_NN1 was_VBDZ to_TO recreate_VVI the_AT locations_NN2 and_CC characteristics_NN2 of_IO the_AT populations_NN2 downwind_RL during_II the_AT years_NNT2 of_IO significant_JJ releases_NN2 ._. 
This_DD1 was_VBDZ followed_VVN by_II a_AT1 project_NN1 on_II future_JJ land_NN1 uses_NN2 of_IO the_AT eventually_RR cleaned_VVN up_RP site_NN1 ,_, working_VVG with_IW local_JJ stakeholders_NN2 ._. 
The_AT longest_RRT running_VVG collaborative_JJ project_NN1 for_IF the_AT Office_NN1 of_IO Rural_JJ Health_NN1 Policy_NN1 of_IO the_AT Department_NN1 of_IO Agriculture_NN1 grew_VVD out_II21 of_II22 a_AT1 Census_NN1 Bureau_NN1 Conference_NN1 on_II Metropolitan_JJ Areas_NN2 ,_, and_CC led_VVN to_II the_AT creation_NN1 of_IO RUCAs_NP2 ,_, or_CC Rural-Urban_JJ Commuting_NN1 areas_NN2 ,_, defining_VVG commuter_NN1 sheds_NN2 at_II the_AT level_NN1 of_IO census_NN1 tracts_NN2 rather_II21 than_II22 counties_NN2 and_CC for_IF all_DB urban_JJ places_NN2 in_II the_AT United_NP1 States_NP1 for_IF 1990_MC ._. 
These_DD2 probed_VVN very_RG popular_JJ ,_, was_VBDZ repeated_VVN for_IF the_AT 2000_MC census_NN1 and_CC is_VBZ now_RT planned_VVN for_IF 2010_MC ._. 
Fig._NN1 2_MC is_VBZ an_AT1 example_NN1 of_IO the_AT defined_JJ commuting_NN1 areas_NN2 for_IF Washington_NP1 State_NN1 ._. 
Court_NN1 cases_NN2 Almost_RR as_CSA important_JJ to_II my_APPGE career_NN1 ,_, and_CC future_JJ research_NN1 direction_NN1 and_CC society_NN1 involvements_NN2 ,_, was_VBDZ my_APPGE appointment_NN1 as_CSA Special_JJ Master_NN1 for_IF the_AT US_NP1 Federal_JJ District_NN1 Court_NN1 to_TO redistrict_VVI the_AT congressional_JJ and_CC legislative_JJ districts_NN2 for_IF the_AT state_NN1 of_IO Washington_NP1 ,_, after_CS the_AT state_NN1 failed_VVD to_TO do_VDI so_RR ,_, after_CS the_AT 1970_MC census_NN1 ._. 
The_AT reason_NN1 for_IF my_APPGE selection_NN1 was_VBDZ the_AT local_JJ and_CC regional_JJ demographic_JJ work_NN1 I_PPIS1 had_VHD become_VVN known_VVN for_IF ._. 
The_AT effect_NN1 of_IO having_VHG been_VBN chosen_VVN was_VBDZ to_TO launch_VVI a_AT1 major_JJ component_NN1 of_IO my_APPGE subsequent_JJ professional_JJ career_NN1 ,_, including_II additional_JJ court_NN1 cases_NN2 ._. 
As_II a_AT1 result_NN1 of_IO this_DD1 successful_JJ experience_NN1 ,_, I_PPIS1 was_VBDZ invited_VVN to_TO participate_VVI in_II several_DA2 other_JJ court_NN1 cases_NN2 and_CC court-ordered_JJ redistricting_JJ efforts_NN2 ._. 
The_AT most_RGT important_JJ involved_JJ reapportionment_NN1 following_VVG the_AT 1970_MC census_NN1 ._. 
In_II Connors_NP2 vs_II Johnson_NP1 ,_, 1971_MC and_CC Connors_NP2 vs_II ._. 
Williams_NP1 ,_, 1972_MC I_PPIS1 spent_VVD a_AT1 considerable_JJ time_NNT1 in_II Jackson_NP1 ,_, MS_NN1 to_TO work_VVI with_IW the_AT legislature_NN1 to_TO redistrict_VVI congressional_JJ and_CC legislative_JJ districts_NN2 to_TO meet_VVI Voting_NN1 Rights_NN2 Act_VV0 requirements_NN2 ._. 
In_II Badham_NP1 vs_II Eu_NP1 ,_, 1984_MC ,_, I_PPIS1 worked_VVD with_IW Republican_NN1 plaintiffs_NN2 to_TO analyze_VVI and_CC testify_VVI against_II the_AT extreme_JJ Democratic_JJ gerrymander_NN1 (_( truly_RR masterful_JJ )_) of_IO California_NP1 congressional_JJ and_CC legislative_JJ districts_NN2 ,_, and_CC in_II Bandemer_NP1 vs_II Davis_NP1 ,_, worked_VVN with_IW Democratic_JJ plaintiffs_NN2 to_TO analyze_VVI and_CC testify_VVI concerning_II the_AT gross_JJ Republican_NN1 gerrymander_NN1 in_II Indiana_NP1 ._. 
Both_DB2 cases_NN2 were_VBDR lost_VVN and_CC there_EX has_VHZ been_VBN no_AT progress_NN1 on_II political_JJ gerrymandering_NN1 since_RR ._. 
My_APPGE role_NN1 in_II the_AT famous_JJ Boldt_NN1 decision_NN1 (_( United_NP1 States_NP1 vs_II Washington_NP1 which_DDQ recognized_VVD areas_NN2 with_IW customary_JJ rights_NN2 to_II salmon_NN fishing_NN1 in_II Washington_NP1 's_GE Puget_NN1 Sound_NN1 (_( and_CC rivers_NN2 )_) was_VBDZ minor_JJ but_CCB satisfying_JJ ,_, involving_VVG interpreting_VVG language_NN1 and_CC maps_NN2 from_II the_AT 1872_MC Stevens_NP1 treaty_NN1 between_II the_AT US_NP1 ,_, Washington_NP1 territory_NN1 and_CC the_AT Native_JJ American_JJ Indian_JJ nations_NN2 ._. 
There_EX have_VH0 been_VBN a_AT1 few_DA2 follow-up_JJ cases_NN2 ,_, actually_RR involving_VVG disputes_NN2 between_II tribes_NN2 on_II details_NN2 of_IO early_JJ treaty_NN1 landscape_NN1 descriptions_NN2 ._. 
Conclusion_NN1 Fortunately_RR ,_, geography_NN1 journals_NN2 do_VD0 fairly_RR frequently_RR publish_VVI articles_NN2 which_DDQ deal_VV0 with_IW issues_NN2 of_IO public_JJ significance_NN1 ,_, most_RGT commonly_RR reporting_VVG on_II contractual_JJ or_CC grant_VV0 supported_JJ research_NN1 for_IF public_JJ entities_NN2 ._. 
For_REX21 example_REX22 ,_, just_RR in_II very_RG recent_JJ issues_NN2 of_IO the_AT Journal_NN1 of_IO Applied_JJ Geography_NN1 ,_, there_EX appeared_VVD papers_NN2 on_II GIS_NN2 and_CC ATV_NP1 trail_NN1 planning_NN1 ,_, public_JJ policies_NN2 for_IF housing_VVG needs_NN2 ,_, and_CC accessibility_NN1 to_II heart_NN1 services_NN2 in_II Kentucky_NP1 ._. 
In_II Professional_JJ Geographer_NN1 we_PPIS2 find_VV0 papers_NN2 on_II public_JJ involvement_NN1 in_II wildlife_NN1 planning_NN1 management_NN1 ,_, and_CC measuring_VVG poverty_NN1 in_II Los_NP1 Angeles_NP1 ._. 
The_AT moral_NN1 of_IO the_AT story_NN1 is_VBZ that_CST the_AT university_NN1 need_VM not_XX be_VBI just_RR an_AT1 ivory_NN1 tower_NN1 ,_, but_CCB a_AT1 rather_RG visible_JJ institution_NN1 to_II which_DDQ private_JJ and_CC public_JJ entities_NN2 really_RR do_VD0 look_VVI for_IF advice_NN1 and_CC research_NN1 ._. 
And_CC in_II a_AT1 tradition_NN1 of_IO at_RR21 least_RR22 one_MC1 thousand_NNO years_NNT2 ,_, university_NN1 professors_NN2 and_CC students_NN2 have_VH0 the_AT vital_JJ role_NN1 of_IO critiquing_VVG society_NN1 and_CC its_APPGE leaders_NN2 ,_, whether_CSW they_PPHS2 like_VV0 it_PPH1 or_CC not_XX ._. 
But_CCB the_AT world_NN1 outside_RL also_RR provides_VVZ a_AT1 myriad_NN1 of_IO opportunities_NN2 for_IF collaborative_JJ research_NN1 in_II the_AT community_NN1 ._. 
Not_XX all_DB projects_NN2 turn_VV0 out_RP as_CSA one_PN1 might_VM wish_VVI ,_, but_CCB most_DAT do_VD0 provide_VVI a_AT1 sense_NN1 of_IO public_JJ service_NN1 ,_, at_RR21 best_RR22 leading_VVG to_II better_JJR public_NN1 outcomes_NN2 ,_, and_CC thus_RR an_AT1 enhanced_JJ degree_NN1 of_IO satisfaction_NN1 with_IW the_AT role_NN1 of_IO the_AT university_NN1 professor_NN1 ._. 
