Swine_NN flu_NN1 :_: crisis_NN1 communicator_NN1 Swine_NN flu_NN1 officially_RR became_VVD a_AT1 national_JJ emergency_NN1 in_II the_AT United_NP1 States_NP1 on_II a_AT1 Friday_NPD1 in_II late_JJ October_NPM1 ,_, when_CS US_NP1 President_NNB Barack_NP1 Obama_NP1 signed_VVD an_AT1 order_NN1 giving_VVG health_NN1 facilities_NN2 extra_JJ power_NN1 to_TO implement_VVI crisis_NN1 operations_NN2 ._. 
The_AT next_MD morning_NNT1 ,_, the_AT daily_JJ news_NN1 program_NN1 Good_JJ Morning_NNT1 America_NP1 turned_VVD for_IF analysis_NN1 to_II its_APPGE newest_JJT health_NN1 editor_NN1 ,_, Richard_NP1 Besser_NP1 ,_, whose_DDQGE two-meter_JJ frame_NN1 was_VBDZ folded_VVN uncomfortably_RR into_II a_AT1 swivel_NN1 chair_NN1 in_II the_AT studio_NN1 's_GE New_NP1 York_NP1 newsroom_NN1 ._. 
"_" This_DD1 is_VBZ an_AT1 extremely_RR challenging_JJ communication_NN1 issue_NN1 for_IF the_AT government_NN1 ,_, "_" Besser_NP1 was_VBDZ saying_VVG ,_, explaining_VVG why_RRQ the_AT White_NP1 House_NN1 was_VBDZ calling_VVG an_AT1 emergency_NN1 ,_, but_CCB trying_VVG not_XX to_TO sound_VVI too_RG alarmist_NN1 ._. 
"_" How_RRQ do_VD0 you_PPY convey_VVI the_AT fact_NN1 that_CST this_DD1 is_VBZ serious_JJ ..._... but_CCB it_PPH1 's_VBZ not_XX a_AT1 1918_MC pandemic_JJ ?_? "_" 
Few_DA2 people_NN are_VBR as_RG qualified_JJ to_TO comment_VVI on_II this_DD1 challenge_NN1 as_CSA Besser_NP1 ._. 
Nine_MC months_NNT2 earlier_RRR he_PPHS1 had_VHD been_VBN appointed_VVN acting_VVG director_NN1 of_IO the_AT US_NP1 Centers_NN2 for_IF Disease_NN1 Control_NN1 and_CC Prevention_NN1 (_( CDC_NP1 )_) in_II Atlanta_NP1 ,_, Georgia_NP1 ,_, widely_RR considered_VVN the_AT world_NN1 's_GE pre-eminent_JJ public-health_JJ agency_NN1 but_CCB one_PN1 beleaguered_JJ with_IW morale_NN1 issues_NN2 and_CC a_AT1 strained_JJ budget_NN1 ._. 
It_PPH1 and_CC the_AT broader_JJR international_JJ health_NN1 community_NN1 had_VHD been_VBN gearing_VVG up_RP for_IF a_AT1 potentially_RR apocalyptic_JJ flu_NN1 pandemic_JJ ,_, one_PN1 that_CST would_VM require_VVI a_AT1 rapid_JJ global_JJ health_NN1 response_NN1 and_CC candid_JJ communication_NN1 to_TO engender_VVI trust_NN1 ,_, not_XX panic_NN1 ._. 
In_II April_NPM1 ,_, when_CS reports_NN2 started_VVD rolling_VVG in_II that_DD1 a_AT1 new_JJ influenza_NN1 virus_NN1 was_VBDZ infecting_VVG people_NN in_II Mexico_NP1 and_CC the_AT United_NP1 States_NP1 ,_, that_DD1 pandemic_JJ seemed_VVD to_TO be_VBI emerging_VVG on_II the_AT CDC_NP1 's_GE doorstep_NN1 and_CC on_II Besser_NP1 's_GE watch_NN1 ,_, even_CS21 though_CS22 he_PPHS1 had_VHD been_VBN put_VVN in_II charge_NN1 largely_RR as_II a_AT1 stop-gap_NN1 in_II31 case_II32 of_II33 emergency_NN1 ._. 
Powers_NN2 of_IO persuasion_NN1 On_II Thursday_NPD1 ,_, he_PPHS1 asked_VVD Anne_NP1 Schuchat_NP1 ,_, director_NN1 of_IO the_AT National_JJ Center_NN1 for_IF Immunization_NN1 and_CC Respiratory_JJ Diseases_NN2 at_II the_AT CDC_NP1 ,_, and_CC Nancy_NP1 Cox_NP1 ,_, the_AT head_NN1 of_IO the_AT influenza_NN1 division_NN1 ,_, to_TO deliver_VVI a_AT1 press_NN1 briefing_VVG on_II what_DDQ were_VBDR now_RT seven_MC confirmed_JJ cases_NN2 in_II the_AT United_NP1 States_NP1 ,_, but_CCB no_AT deaths_NN2 ._. 
"_" So_RG far_RR this_DD1 is_VBZ not_XX looking_VVG like_II very_JJ ,_, very_RG severe_JJ influenza_NN1 ,_, "_" Schuchat_NP1 said_VVD at_II the_AT briefing_NN1 ._. 
But_CCB by_RT21 now_RT22 ,_, most_DAT signs_NN2 were_VBDR pointing_VVG to_II a_AT1 connection_NN1 between_II the_AT cases_NN2 in_II the_AT United_NP1 States_NP1 and_CC Mexico_NP1 ._. 
Besser_NP1 pushed_VVD the_AT Emergency_NN1 Operations_NN2 Center_NN1 up_RP to_TO level_VVI one_PN1 ,_, its_APPGE highest_JJT ._. 
He_PPHS1 also_RR e-mailed_JJ Dora_NP1 Hughes_NP1 ,_, his_APPGE contact_NN1 at_II the_AT Department_NN1 of_IO Health_NN1 and_CC Human_JJ Services_NN2 ,_, which_DDQ oversees_VVZ the_AT CDC_NP1 ._. 
He_PPHS1 needed_VVD to_TO get_VVI the_AT message_NN1 ,_, through_II her_PPHO1 ,_, to_II the_AT top_JJ layers_NN2 of_IO government_NN1 ._. 
"_" We_PPIS2 have_VH0 a_AT1 situation_NN1 that_CST I_PPIS1 'm_VBM very_RG concerned_JJ about_II ,_, "_" he_PPHS1 wrote_VVD ._. 
It_PPH1 took_VVD some_DD convincing_JJ ,_, Besser_NP1 says_VVZ ,_, but_CCB that_DD1 evening_NNT1 he_PPHS1 was_VBDZ on_II a_AT1 call_NN1 with_IW Hughes_NP1 and_CC Laura_NP1 Petrou_NP1 ,_, the_AT department_NN1 's_GE chief_NN1 of_IO staff_NN ._. 
From_II the_AT CDC_NP1 ,_, Schuchat_NP1 and_CC Phil_NP1 Navin_NP1 ,_, director_NN1 of_IO the_AT emergency-operations_NN2 division_NN1 ,_, were_VBDR on_II the_AT line_NN1 ._. 
As_II a_AT1 thunderstorm_NN1 raged_VVD in_II Atlanta_NP1 ,_, they_PPHS2 broke_VVD down_RP the_AT information_NN1 available_JJ ._. 
Besser_NP1 says_VVZ he_PPHS1 knew_VVD he_PPHS1 had_VHD to_TO be_VBI clear_JJ that_CST this_DD1 was_VBDZ scary_JJ ._. 
When_CS Petrou_NP1 asked_VVD him_PPHO1 to_TO tell_VVI her_PPHO1 how_RGQ concerned_JJ he_PPHS1 was_VBDZ ,_, Besser_NP1 remembers_VVZ saying_VVG ,_, "_" eight_MC "_" ._. 
"_" She_PPHS1 asked_VVD ,_, 'Eight_NN1 ?_? '_" 
I_PPIS1 said_VVD ,_, 'Yeah_UH ._. 
Eight_MC ._. '_" "_" 
After_CS the_AT call_NN1 was_VBDZ over_RP ,_, Navin_NP1 commented_VVD :_: "_" I_PPIS1 would_VM have_VHI said_VVN six_MC !_! "_" 
Navin_NN1 now_RT concedes_VVZ that_CST Besser_NP1 was_VBDZ probably_RR right_JJ ._. 
Even_RR as_CSA they_PPHS2 were_VBDR on_II the_AT call_NN1 ,_, Cox_NP1 was_VBDZ leaving_VVG a_AT1 message_NN1 on_II Schuchat_NP1 's_GE phone_NN1 ._. 
The_AT lab_NN1 results_NN2 were_VBDR in_RP ,_, confirming_VVG that_CST the_AT cases_NN2 in_II Mexico_NP1 were_VBDR caused_VVN by_II the_AT same_DA swine_NN flu_NN1 virus_NN1 as_CSA the_AT US_NP1 ones_NN2 ._. 
The_AT next_MD morning_NNT1 ,_, Friday_NPD1 24_MC April_NPM1 ,_, the_AT World_NN1 Health_NN1 Organization_NN1 activated_VVD its_APPGE emergency_NN1 response_NN1 room_NN1 and_CC Besser_NP1 prepared_VVD to_TO deliver_VVI a_AT1 briefing_NN1 from_II the_AT CDC_NP1 ._. 
Besser_NP1 has_VHZ had_VHN experience_NN1 in_II briefing_VVG people_NN in_II emergencies_NN2 ._. 
After_II receiving_VVG his_APPGE medical_JJ degree_NN1 from_II the_AT University_NN1 of_IO Pennsylvania_NP1 in_II 1986_MC ,_, he_PPHS1 trained_VVD as_II a_AT1 pediatrician_NN1 ,_, and_CC honed_VVD his_APPGE skill_NN1 at_II reassuring_VVG fraught_JJ parents_NN2 ._. 
An_AT1 interest_NN1 in_II public_JJ health_NN1 brought_VVD him_PPHO1 into_II the_AT CDC_NP1 's_GE Epidemic_NN1 Intelligence_NN1 Service_NN1 in_II 1991_MC and_CC ,_, except_II21 for_II22 a_AT1 brief_JJ period_NN1 doing_VDG pediatrics_NN1 at_II the_AT University_NN1 of_IO California_NP1 ,_, San_NP1 Diego_NP1 ,_, he_PPHS1 has_VHZ been_VBN at_II the_AT CDC_NP1 in_II various_JJ roles_NN2 ever_RR since_RR ._. 
In_II 2005_MC ,_, he_PPHS1 took_VVD over_RP as_II head_NN1 of_IO the_AT Coordinating_JJ Office_NN1 for_IF Terrorism_NN1 Preparedness_NN1 &;_NULL Emergency_NN1 Response_NN1 ._. 
It_PPH1 was_VBDZ a_AT1 time_NNT1 bookended_VVN by_II excitement_NN1 ._. 
He_PPHS1 arrived_VVD in_II the_AT office_NN1 the_AT day_NNT1 after_II Hurricane_NN1 Katrina_NP1 started_VVD pounding_VVG the_AT southeast_ND1 coast_NN1 of_IO the_AT United_NP1 States_NP1 ._. 
"_" He_PPHS1 had_VHD a_AT1 truly_RR unique_JJ leadership_NN1 style_NN1 ,_, "_" says_VVZ Navin_NP1 ,_, who_PNQS worked_VVD closely_RR with_IW him_PPHO1 during_II the_AT response_NN1 operation_NN1 ._. 
"_" People_NN had_VHD confidence_NN1 in_II him_PPHO1 and_CC he_PPHS1 had_VHD confidence_NN1 in_II them_PPHO2 ._. "_" 
And_CC in_II January_NPM1 2009_MC ,_, Besser_NP1 was_VBDZ in_II the_AT midst_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 ground_NN1 war_NN1 in_II Gaza_NP1 doing_VDG crisis_NN1 leadership_NN1 training_NN1 when_CS the_AT Obama_NP1 transition_NN1 team_NN1 called_VVN asking_VVG if_CSW he_PPHS1 would_VM consider_VVI running_VVG the_AT CDC_NP1 ._. 
He_PPHS1 was_VBDZ told_VVN that_CST he_PPHS1 would_VM not_XX be_VBI considered_VVN for_IF the_AT permanent_JJ job_NN1 ;_; the_AT administration_NN1 wanted_VVD someone_PN1 from_II outside_RL the_AT agency_NN1 ._. 
Even_RR21 so_RR22 ,_, Besser_NP1 agreed_VVD ._. 
"_" I_PPIS1 love_VV0 a_AT1 leadership_NN1 challenge_NN1 ,_, "_" he_PPHS1 says_VVZ ._. 
Part_NN1 of_IO the_AT test_NN1 was_VBDZ to_TO boost_VVI morale_NN1 in_II the_AT agency_NN1 after_II the_AT unpopular_JJ restructuring_NN1 instituted_VVN by_II Besser_NP1 's_GE predecessor_NN1 ,_, Julie_NP1 Gerberding_NP1 ._. 
"_" It_PPH1 was_VBDZ hard_JJ to_TO describe_VVI --_NN1 almost_RR a_AT1 sea_NN1 change_NN1 --_NN1 when_CS Rich_NP1 became_VVD acting_VVG director_NN1 ,_, "_" says_VVZ David_NP1 Sencer_NP1 ,_, who_PNQS headed_VVD the_AT CDC_NP1 from_II 1966_MC to_II 1977_MC ._. 
"_" People_NN were_VBDR much_RR more_RGR open_JJ and_CC willing_JJ to_TO question_VVI decisions_NN2 ,_, which_DDQ had_VHD not_XX been_VBN the_AT case_NN1 before_RT ._. "_" 
The_AT circumstances_NN2 change_VV0 In_II his_APPGE office_NN1 at_II ABC_NP1 News_NN1 in_II New_NP1 York_NP1 ,_, Besser_NP1 talks_NN2 about_II the_AT principles_NN2 he_PPHS1 looked_VVD to_TO when_CS talking_VVG about_II the_AT H1N1_FO pandemic_JJ ._. 
He_PPHS1 refers_VVZ to_II a_AT1 CDC_NP1 pamphlet_NN1 on_II crisis_NN1 and_CC emergency_NN1 risk_NN1 communication_NN1 with_IW the_AT subtitle_NN1 :_: 'Be_VV0 First_MD ,_, Be_VBI Right_JJ ,_, Be_VBI Credible'_JJ ._. 
Credibility_NN1 was_VBDZ provided_VVN in_II large_JJ measure_NN1 by_II Besser_NP1 's_GE relaxed_JJ and_CC telegenic_JJ persona_NN1 ._. 
But_CCB ,_, he_PPHS1 says_VVZ ,_, "_" there_EX 's_VBZ an_AT1 inherent_JJ challenge_NN1 between_II being_NN1 first_MD and_CC being_VBG right_RR "_" ._. 
The_AT agency_NN1 was_VBDZ working_VVG with_IW incomplete_JJ information_NN1 :_: in_RR21 particular_RR22 ,_, data_NN on_II the_AT severity_NN1 of_IO the_AT virus_NN1 were_VBDR changing_VVG rapidly_RR ._. 
When_CS the_AT virus_NN1 spread_NN1 ,_, would_VM it_PPH1 kill_VVI tens_MC2 --_NN1 or_CC millions_NNO2 ?_? 
Some_DD public-health_JJ experts_NN2 contrast_VV0 the_AT CDC_NP1 's_GE recent_JJ response_NN1 with_IW that_DD1 during_II the_AT last_MD swine-flu_JJ outbreak_NN1 ,_, which_DDQ started_VVD in_RP early_RR 1976_MC at_II Fort_NN1 Dix_MC ,_, a_AT1 military_JJ base_NN1 in_II New_NP1 Jersey_NP1 ._. 
Under_II Sencer_NP1 's_GE direction_NN1 ,_, the_AT CDC_NP1 launched_VVD a_AT1 vaccination_NN1 campaign_NN1 that_CST inoculated_VVD more_DAR than_CSN 40_MC million_NNO Americans_NN2 ,_, yet_RR the_AT virus_NN1 never_RR took_VVD hold_NN1 ,_, the_AT vaccine_NN1 was_VBDZ blamed_VVN for_IF hundreds_NNO2 of_IO cases_NN2 of_IO the_AT neurological_JJ condition_NN1 Guillain-Barre_NP1 syndrome_NN1 and_CC the_AT public-health_JJ establishment_NN1 was_VBDZ demoralized_VVN ._. 
Harvey_NP1 Fineberg_NP1 ,_, president_NN1 of_IO the_AT Institute_NN1 of_IO Medicine_NN1 and_CC co-author_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 book_NN1 about_II the_AT episode_NN1 ,_, says_VVZ that_CST it_PPH1 was_VBDZ a_AT1 lesson_NN1 in_II how_RRQ to_TO deal_VVI with_IW uncertainty_NN1 ._. 
"_" A_AT1 fundamental_JJ strategic_JJ lesson_NN1 was_VBDZ not_XX to_TO pre-decide_VVI what_DDQ you_PPY will_VM be_VBI able_JK to_TO decide_VVI with_IW more_DAR information_NN1 later_RRR ,_, "_" he_PPHS1 says_VVZ ._. 
"_" The_AT second_MD big_JJ problem_NN1 was_VBDZ a_AT1 failure_NN1 to_TO ask_VVI ,_, 'What_VV0 information_NN1 could_VM we_PPIS2 learn_VVI that_CST would_VM lead_VVI us_PPIO2 to_TO change_VVI course_NN1 ?_? '_" "_" 
The_AT third_MD lesson_NN1 ,_, he_PPHS1 says_VVZ ,_, was_VBDZ to_TO work_VVI with_IW the_AT media_NN ,_, to_TO maintain_VVI a_AT1 consistent_JJ ,_, honest_JJ message_NN1 ._. 
Besser_NP1 and_CC the_AT CDC_NP1 were_VBDR n't_XX the_AT only_JJ ones_NN2 practicing_VVG good_JJ communication_NN1 ._. 
The_AT day_NNT1 after_II Besser_NP1 's_GE briefing_NN1 ,_, the_AT World_NN1 Health_NN1 Organization_NN1 declared_VVD a_AT1 public-health_JJ emergency_NN1 ,_, and_CC gave_VVD the_AT first_MD of_IO what_DDQ were_VBDR to_TO become_VVI daily_JJ briefings_NN2 on_II the_AT virus_NN1 ._. 
Most_DAT health_NN1 officials_NN2 also_RR heap_VV0 credit_NN1 on_II Mexico_NP1 for_IF reporting_VVG its_APPGE first_MD cases_NN2 early_RR ,_, despite_II the_AT economic_JJ hit_VVD it_PPH1 took_VVD from_II closed_JJ businesses_NN2 and_CC lost_JJ tourism_NN1 ._. 
"_" It_PPH1 was_VBDZ a_AT1 level_NN1 of_IO transparency_NN1 and_CC communication_NN1 that_CST was_VBDZ exemplary_JJ ,_, "_" says_VVZ Cox_NP1 ._. 
Julio_NP1 Frenk_NP1 ,_, dean_NN1 of_IO the_AT Harvard_NP1 School_NN1 of_IO Public_JJ Health_NN1 in_II Boston_NP1 ,_, Massachusetts_NP1 ,_, and_CC former_DA health_NN1 minister_NN1 for_IF Mexico_NP1 ,_, credits_VVZ decades_NNT2 of_IO investment_NN1 in_II pandemic_JJ surveillance_NN1 and_CC communication_NN1 internationally_RR ._. 
"_" You_PPY do_VD0 n't_XX start_VVI building_NN1 communication_NN1 lines_NN2 and_CC trust_VVI once_RR the_AT outbreak_NN1 occurs_VVZ ,_, "_" he_PPHS1 says_VVZ ._. 
By_II 27_MC April_NPM1 more_DAR than_CSN 60_MC flu_NN1 cases_NN2 had_VHD been_VBN confirmed_VVN in_II the_AT United_NP1 States_NP1 and_CC Mexico_NP1 ._. 
By_II that_DD1 point_NN1 Besser_NP1 had_VHD been_VBN to_II Washington_NP1 DC_NP1 to_TO brief_VVI the_AT White_NP1 House_NN1 and_CC appeared_VVD on_II numerous_JJ television_NN1 news_NN1 programs_NN2 ._. 
One_MC1 step_NN1 at_II a_AT1 time_NNT1 Not_XX every_AT1 step_NN1 was_VBDZ sure-footed_JJ ._. 
On_II 28_MC April_NPM1 Besser_NP1 approved_VVD CDC_NP1 recommendations_NN2 that_CST schools_NN2 --_JJ hubs_NN2 of_IO flu_NN1 transmission_NN1 --_NN1 should_VM close_VVI if_CS one_MC1 student_NN1 or_CC staff_NN member_NN1 came_VVD down_RP with_IW confirmed_JJ flu_NN1 ,_, and_CC stay_VV0 closed_JJ for_IF 14_MC days_NNT2 ._. 
"_" Well_RR ,_, that_DD1 's_VBZ science_NN1 ._. 
You_PPY can_VM shed_VVI virus_NN1 for_IF a_AT1 week_NNT1 ._. 
If_CS you_PPY really_RR want_VV0 to_TO be_VBI certain_JJ ,_, two_MC weeks_NNT2 ,_, "_" he_PPHS1 says_VVZ ._. 
Although_CS the_AT costs_NN2 and_CC benefits_NN2 of_IO school_NN1 closures_NN2 had_VHD been_VBN actively_RR debated_VVN ,_, Besser_NP1 wanted_VVD to_TO take_VVI an_AT1 aggressive_JJ approach_NN1 ._. 
But_CCB he_PPHS1 did_VDD n't_XX fully_RR appreciate_VVI the_AT political_JJ ramifications_NN2 ._. 
People_NN at_II the_AT education_NN1 department_NN1 ,_, for_REX21 example_REX22 ,_, were_VBDR n't_XX happy_JJ that_CST they_PPHS2 had_VHD n't_XX been_VBN consulted_VVN ._. 
On_II 1_MC1 May_NPM1 the_AT issue_NN1 was_VBDZ discussed_VVN when_CS Besser_NP1 was_VBDZ called_VVN into_II White_NP1 House_NN1 Chief_NN1 of_IO Staff_NN Rahm_NP1 Emanuel_NP1 's_GE office_NN1 with_IW others_NN2 including_II Kathleen_NP1 Sebelius_NP1 ,_, just_RR confirmed_VVN as_II the_AT head_NN1 of_IO the_AT Department_NN1 of_IO Health_NN1 and_CC Human_JJ Services_NN2 ._. 
Emanuel_NP1 wanted_VVD to_TO redraft_VVI the_AT guidelines_NN2 ;_; Besser_NP1 was_VBDZ uncomfortable_JJ with_IW changing_VVG what_DDQ should_VM be_VBI science-based_JJ recommendations_NN2 ._. 
In_II the_AT end_NN1 ,_, Besser_NP1 was_VBDZ handed_VVN guidelines_NN2 with_IW a_AT1 modest_JJ revision_NN1 --_NN1 closure_NN1 for_IF one_MC1 week_NNT1 followed_VVN by_II reassessment_NN1 --_NN1 and_CC asked_VVD if_CS the_AT science_NN1 supported_VVD them_PPHO2 ._. 
From_II what_DDQ they_PPHS2 knew_VVD ,_, it_PPH1 did_VDD ._. 
"_" It_PPH1 was_VBDZ extremely_RR gratifying_JJ to_TO see_VVI that_CST they_PPHS2 wanted_VVD to_TO ensure_VVI that_DD1 science_NN1 was_VBDZ supporting_VVG the_AT policy_NN1 ,_, "_" Besser_NP1 says_VVZ ._. 
Over_II the_AT next_MD week_NNT1 ,_, as_CSA it_PPH1 became_VVD apparent_JJ the_AT flu_NN1 was_VBDZ milder_JJR than_CSN expected_JJ ,_, the_AT recommendations_NN2 were_VBDR revised_VVN ,_, and_CC local_JJ health_NN1 officials_NN2 struggled_VVD to_TO keep_VVI up_RP with_IW what_DDQ they_PPHS2 should_VM do_VDI ._. 
(_( Epidemiologists_NN2 have_VH0 yet_RR to_TO determine_VVI whether_CSW the_AT guidelines_NN2 affected_VVN the_AT virus_NN1 's_GE spread_NN1 ._. )_) 
Observers_NN2 also_RR cite_VV0 communication_NN1 missteps_VVZ around_II the_AT vaccine_NN1 ._. 
Health_NN1 officials_NN2 promised_VVD some_DD 160_MC million_NNO doses_NN2 in_II the_AT summer_NNT1 ,_, but_CCB only_RR a_AT1 fraction_NN1 of_IO those_DD2 had_VHD materialized_VVN by_II October_NPM1 ._. 
The_AT reason_NN1 was_VBDZ that_CST the_AT H1N1_FO virus_NN1 grew_VVD slowly_RR in_II the_AT chicken_NN1 eggs_NN2 required_VVN to_TO produce_VVI the_AT vaccine_NN1 --_NN1 exactly_RR the_AT type_NN1 of_IO uncertainties_NN2 that_CST Besser_NP1 and_CC others_NN2 had_VHD warned_VVN about_RP ._. 
Nevertheless_RR ,_, Mark_NP1 Nichter_NP1 ,_, a_AT1 medical_JJ anthropologist_NN1 at_II the_AT University_NN1 of_IO Arizona_NP1 in_II Tucson_NP1 who_PNQS looks_VVZ at_II responses_NN2 to_II pandemics_NN2 ,_, says_VVZ that_CST the_AT problem_NN1 dented_VVD public_JJ trust_NN1 in_II the_AT agency_NN1 and_CC made_VVD further_JJR advice_NN1 hard_RR to_TO swallow_VVI ._. 
"_" What_DDQ are_VBR these_DD2 elderly_JJ people_NN thinking_VVG ,_, or_CC mothers_NN2 with_IW kids_NN2 in_II daycare_NN1 ,_, with_IW the_AT CDC_NP1 telling_VVG us_PPIO2 how_RRQ important_JJ vaccines_NN2 are_VBR ,_, then_RT saying_VVG that_CST they_PPHS2 're_VBR not_XX available_JJ ?_? "_" 
As_CSA fears_VVZ about_II the_AT virus_NN1 abated_VVD ,_, the_AT frantic_JJ sprint_NN1 of_IO the_AT first_MD few_DA2 days_NNT2 stretched_VVD out_RP into_II the_AT marathon_NN1 that_CST Besser_NP1 had_VHD predicted_VVN ._. 
Case_NN1 counts_NN2 climbed_VVD ;_; contracts_NN2 for_IF vaccine_NN1 production_NN1 were_VBDR signed_VVN ;_; and_CC attention_NN1 turned_VVD to_II the_AT Southern_JJ Hemisphere_NN1 's_GE winter_NNT1 flu_NN1 season_NNT1 ._. 
Everything_PN1 seemed_VVD to_TO be_VBI going_VVG as_RG well_RR as_CSA could_VM be_VBI expected_VVN ,_, at_RR21 least_RR22 according_II21 to_II22 pandemic_JJ plans_NN2 ._. 
Many_DA2 people_NN were_VBDR shocked_VVN when_CS it_PPH1 was_VBDZ announced_VVN on_II 15_MC May_NPM1 that_CST Tom_NP1 Frieden_NP1 ,_, then_RT New_NP1 York_NP1 City_NN1 health_NN1 commissioner_NN1 ,_, would_VM replace_VVI Besser_NP1 the_AT following_JJ month_NNT1 ._. 
"_" It_PPH1 was_VBDZ something_PN1 like_II a_AT1 punch_NN1 in_II the_AT stomach_NN1 ,_, "_" says_VVZ Navin_NP1 ,_, who_PNQS had_VHD worked_VVN with_IW Besser_NP1 for_IF more_DAR than_CSN four_MC years_NNT2 ._. 
Besser_NP1 ,_, who_PNQS had_VHD known_VVN it_PPH1 was_VBDZ coming_VVG ,_, started_VVD casting_VVG about_RP for_IF other_JJ jobs_NN2 ._. 
The_AT long_JJ shots_NN2 ,_, he_PPHS1 says_VVZ ,_, were_VBDR the_AT two_MC television_NN1 networks_NN2 who_PNQS had_VHD contacted_VVN him_PPHO1 during_II the_AT outbreak_NN1 ,_, impressed_VVN by_II his_APPGE performance_NN1 on_II screen_NN1 ._. 
He_PPHS1 started_VVD at_II ABC_NP1 just_RR as_CSA the_AT number_NN1 of_IO autumn_NNT1 swine-flu_NN1 cases_NN2 was_VBDZ increasing_VVG in_II the_AT Northern_JJ Hemisphere_NN1 ._. 
Besser_NP1 's_GE audience_NN1 is_VBZ now_RT smaller_JJR :_: Good_JJ Morning_NNT1 America_NP1 reaches_VVZ five_MC million_NNO --_JJ during_II CDC_NP1 press_NN1 conferences_NN2 he_PPHS1 was_VBDZ playing_VVG on_II every_AT1 news_NN1 broadcast_VVN in_II the_AT country_NN1 ._. 
But_CCB the_AT atmosphere_NN1 suits_VVZ him_PPHO1 ._. 
"_" I_PPIS1 like_VV0 working_VVG on_II a_AT1 setting_NN1 of_IO crisis_NN1 ,_, "_" he_PPHS1 says_VVZ ._. 
"_" The_AT news_NN1 business_NN1 is_VBZ a_AT1 constant_JJ crisis_NN1 ._. "_" 
As_II21 for_II22 flu_NN1 ,_, Besser_NP1 still_RR projects_VVZ uncertainty_NN1 ._. 
At_II that_DD1 Saturday_NPD1 morning_NNT1 broadcast_VVN in_II October_NPM1 ,_, he_PPHS1 warned_VVD that_CST the_AT worst_JJT may_VM be_VBI yet_RR to_TO come_VVI ._. 
"_" With_IW a_AT1 pandemic_JJ they_PPHS2 come_VV0 in_II waves_NN2 ,_, "_" he_PPHS1 said_VVD ,_, adding_VVG that_CST "_" there_EX likely_RR will_VM be_VBI further_JJR waves_NN2 ,_, maybe_RR this_DD1 spring_NN1 ,_, maybe_RR into_II next_MD year_NNT1 "_" ._. 
But_CCB by_II that_DD1 point_NN1 in_II his_APPGE two-minute-long_JJ slot_NN1 ,_, Besser_NP1 had_VHD already_RR delivered_VVN his_APPGE message_NN1 ._. 
Get_VV0 the_AT vaccine_NN1 when_CS it_PPH1 arrives_VVZ ,_, he_PPHS1 said_VVD ._. 
"_" Do_VD0 those_DD2 things_NN2 to_TO protect_VVI your_APPGE health_NN1 that_CST you_PPY can_VM ._. 
But_CCB this_DD1 is_VBZ not_XX a_AT1 flu_NN1 like_II 1918_MC ._. 
This_DD1 is_VBZ --_JJ the_AT flu_NN1 ._. "_" 
They_PPHS2 limit_VV0 the_AT sophistication_NN1 of_IO neural_JJ prosthetics_NN2 because_CS they_PPHS2 do_VD0 n't_XX have_VHI a_AT1 very_RG good_JJ connection_NN1 to_II the_AT nervous_JJ system_NN1 at_II the_AT single-cell_JJ level_JJ --_NN1 the_AT level_NN1 at_II which_DDQ the_AT body_NN1 processes_NN2 information_NN1 ._. 
That_DD1 growth_NN1 rate_NN1 shows_VVZ no_AT signs_NN2 of_IO abating_VVG ,_, especially_RR as_CSA emerging_JJ countries_NN2 such_II21 as_II22 China_NP1 and_CC Brazil_NP1 continue_VV0 to_TO ratchet_VVI up_RP their_APPGE research_NN1 ._. 
