Ecocriticism_NP1 's_GE Genesis_NN1 ALTHOUGH_CS WILLIAM_NP1 RUECKERT_NP1 is_VBZ usually_RR cited_VVN as_II the_AT only_JJ true_JJ begetter_NN1 of_IO the_AT term_NN1 "_" ecocriticism_NN1 "_" in_II his_APPGE 1978_MC essay_NN1 "_" Literature_NN1 and_CC Ecology_NN1 :_: An_AT1 Experiment_NN1 in_II Ecocriticism_NN1 ,_, "_" like_II just_RR21 about_RR22 everyone_PN1 else_RR I_PPIS1 did_VDD not_XX come_VVI across_II the_AT term_NN1 until_CS much_RR later_RRR ._. 
For_IF me_PPIO1 personally_RR the_AT only_JJ true_JJ begetter_NN1 was_VBDZ Cheryll_NP1 Glotfelty_NP1 (_( formerly_RR Burgess_NP1 )_) ,_, from_II whom_PNQO I_PPIS1 received_VVD --_JJ retrospectively_RR considered_VVN --_NN1 a_AT1 stunning_JJ letter_NN1 in_II May_NPM1 of_IO 1989_MC ,_, a_AT1 form_NN1 letter_NN1 in_II fact_NN1 that_CST had_VHD also_RR been_VBN sent_VVN out_RP to_II two_MC hundred_NNO other_JJ authors_NN2 ._. 
It_PPH1 began_VVD ,_, I_PPIS1 'm_VBM a_AT1 PhD_NN1 candidate_NN1 in_II American_JJ literature_NN1 at_II Cornell_NP1 University_NN1 ,_, purportedly_RR finishing_VVG up_RP my_APPGE dissertation_NN1 on_II representations_NN2 of_IO nature_NN1 in_II the_AT American_JJ women_NN2 's_GE literary_JJ tradition_NN1 ._. 
The_AT question_NN1 that_CST fires_VVZ me_PPIO1 incessantly_RR is_VBZ this_DD1 :_: how_RRQ can_VM one_PN1 ,_, as_CSA a_AT1 literary_JJ critic_NN1 and_CC teacher_NN1 ,_, contribute_VV0 to_II the_AT ecological_JJ health_NN1 of_IO the_AT planet_NN1 ?_? 
It_PPH1 seems_VVZ to_II me_PPIO1 that_DD1 ecological_JJ concerns_NN2 are_VBR so_RG pressing_JJ that_CST they_PPHS2 ought_VMK to_TO eclipse_VVI every_AT1 other_JJ concern_NN1 ._. 
If_CS I_PPIS1 ca_VM n't_XX find_VVI a_AT1 way_NN1 to_TO approach_VVI literature_NN1 ecologically_RR ,_, then_RT I_PPIS1 will_VM have_VHI to_TO abandon_VVI this_DD1 profession_NN1 as_CSA frivolous_JJ ._. 
Cheryll_NP1 realized_VVD literary-environmental_JJ writings_NN2 were_VBDR scattered_VVN far_RR and_CC wide_JJ ,_, as_CSA were_VBDR the_AT practitioners_NN2 of_IO such_DA writing_NN1 ,_, most_DAT of_IO whom_PNQO probably_RR felt_VVN like_II solo_NN1 voices_NN2 crying_VVG in_II the_AT wilderness_NN1 ._. 
To_TO support_VVI this_DD1 claim_NN1 ,_, Cheryll_NP1 attached_VVD an_AT1 amazing_JJ bibliography_NN1 that_CST she_PPHS1 had_VHD compiled_VVN of_IO what_DDQ would_VM come_VVI to_TO be_VBI called_VVN "_" ecocritical_JJ "_" writings_NN2 --_NN1 it_PPH1 was_VBDZ to_II the_AT authors_NN2 of_IO these_DD2 that_CST she_PPHS1 mailed_VVD her_APPGE letter_NN1 as_II a_AT1 twofold_JJ plea_NN1 for_IF help_NN1 :_: to_TO add_VVI to_II the_AT bibliography_NN1 and_CC to_TO help_VVI her_PPHO1 to_TO produce_VVI an_AT1 anthology_NN1 of_IO the_AT best_JJT of_IO it_PPH1 ._. 
Her_APPGE goal_NN1 after_II accomplishing_VVG this_DD1 ,_, she_PPHS1 concluded_VVD ,_, was_VBDZ "_" to_TO be_VBI the_AT first_MD professor_NN1 of_IO Literature_NN1 and_CC the_AT Environment_NN1 "_" once_CS she_PPHS1 finished_VVD her_APPGE degree_NN1 at_II Cornell_NP1 and_CC entered_VVD the_AT job_NN1 market_NN1 (_( which_DDQ in_II those_DD2 days_NNT2 had_VHD not_XX yet_RR become_VV0 bleak_JJ for_IF the_AT humanities_NN2 )_) ._. 
At_II the_AT bottom_NN1 of_IO her_APPGE form_NN1 letter_NN1 she_PPHS1 appended_VVD a_AT1 handwritten_JJ note_NN1 ,_, alluding_VVG to_II her_APPGE enthusiasm_NN1 for_IF "_" From_II Transcendence_NN1 to_II Obsolescence_NN1 "_" and_CC psyching_VVG me_PPIO1 up_RP for_IF the_AT sequels_NN2 that_CST were_VBDR to_TO follow_VVI ._. 
I_PPIS1 marveled_VVD that_CST Cheryll_NP1 had_VHD discovered_VVN all_DB three_MC of_IO the_AT essays_NN2 that_CST precede_VV0 this_DD1 chapter_NN1 ,_, since_CS in_II those_DD2 days_NNT2 there_EX was_VBDZ no_AT category_NN1 in_II which_DDQ to_TO fit_VVI them_PPHO2 and_CC ,_, as_CS31 far_CS32 as_CS33 I_PPIS1 knew_VVD ,_, they_PPHS2 had_VHD not_XX been_VBN picked_VVN up_RP in_II any_DD bibliography_NN1 or_CC citation_NN1 index_NN1 ._. 
When_CS I_PPIS1 asked_VVD about_II this_DD1 later_RRR on_RP she_PPHS1 reported_VVD that_CST a_AT1 professor_NN1 friend_NN1 of_IO hers_PPGE was_VBDZ using_VVG as_II text_NN1 the_AT Norton_NP1 Reader_NN1 ,_, which_DDQ had_VHD anthologized_VVN the_AT "_" Transcendence_NP1 "_" essay_NN1 ,_, appropriately_RR positioned_VVN (_( in_II31 keeping_II32 with_II33 my_APPGE primordial_JJ neuronal_JJ mix_NN1 )_) between_II Plato_NP1 and_CC Woody_NP1 Allen_NP1 ._. 
Somehow_RR ,_, after_II reading_VVG it_PPH1 ,_, she_PPHS1 pressed_VVD on_RP to_TO find_VVI the_AT other_JJ two_MC ._. 
When_CS I_PPIS1 responded_VVD to_II her_APPGE letter_NN1 with_IW enthusiasm_NN1 ,_, I_PPIS1 received_VVD powerful_JJ encouragement_NN1 ._. 
After_CS extremely_RR high_JJ praise_NN1 of_IO my_APPGE essay_NN1 ,_, she_PPHS1 added_VVD a_AT1 postscript_NN1 in_II which_DDQ she_PPHS1 reproduced_VVD for_IF me_PPIO1 the_AT note_NN1 she_PPHS1 had_VHD written_VVN to_II herself_PPX1 after_II reading_VVG it_PPH1 :_: "_" Although_CS acutely_RR aware_JJ of_IO ecological_JJ balance_NN1 ,_, this_DD1 essay_NN1 is_VBZ inveterately_RR anthropocentric_JJ still_RR ,_, showing_VVG little_JJ regard_NN1 or_CC concern_NN1 for_IF how_RGQ human_JJ activities_NN2 affect_VV0 other_JJ species_NN ,_, focusing_VVG instead_RR on_II how_RGQ human_JJ activities_NN2 ,_, given_VVN biological_JJ realities_NN2 ,_, backfire_VV0 to_TO affect_VVI humans_NN2 ._. 
I_PPIS1 think_VV0 even_RR Fromm_NP1 's_GE worldview_NN1 stands_VVZ to_TO be_VBI enlarged_VVN ._. "_" 
How_RRQ could_VM I_PPIS1 have_VHI resisted_VVN such_DA a_AT1 consciousness-raising_JJ challenge_NN1 ?_? 
The_AT letters_NN2 that_CST followed_VVD sprung_VVD more_DAR surprises_NN2 ,_, such_II21 as_II22 the_AT invitation_NN1 to_TO be_VBI coeditor_NN1 of_IO the_AT purported_JJ anthology_NN1 ._. 
I_PPIS1 agreed_VVD to_II the_AT editorial_JJ job_NN1 if_CS I_PPIS1 could_VM give_VVI her_APPGE most_RRT of_IO the_AT credit_NN1 for_IF the_AT book_NN1 (_( which_DDQ I_PPIS1 did_VDD )_) ,_, and_CC in_II the_AT winter_NNT1 of_IO 1990_MC I_PPIS1 came_VVD up_RP with_IW the_AT idea_NN1 of_IO proposing_VVG the_AT very_RG first_MD ecocritical_JJ session_NNT1 to_TO be_VBI held_VVN at_II the_AT Modern_JJ Language_NN1 Association_NN1 convention_NN1 ._. 
With_IW a_AT1 call_NN1 for_IF papers_NN2 in_II the_AT MLA_NN1 Newsletter_NN1 for_IF a_AT1 session_NNT1 on_II the_AT greening_NN1 of_IO literary_JJ studies_NN2 ,_, we_PPIS2 were_VBDR launched_VVN into_II the_AT unknown_JJ ._. 
The_AT response_NN1 was_VBDZ encouraging_JJ :_: many_DA2 more_DAR potential_JJ papers_NN2 were_VBDR offered_VVN than_CSN could_VM be_VBI accommodated_VVN ._. 
I_PPIS1 chose_VVD the_AT most_RGT promising_JJ ,_, wrote_VVD a_AT1 formal_JJ proposal_NN1 --_NN1 and_CC MLA_NP1 turned_VVD it_PPH1 down_RP ._. 
Some_DD of_IO us_PPIO2 sent_VVD angry_JJ complaints_NN2 to_II the_AT MLA_NN1 office_NN1 ,_, asked_VVD to_TO see_VVI the_AT judges_NN2 '_GE reports_NN2 ,_, and_CC were_VBDR incensed_VVN even_RR further_RRR by_II the_AT reports_NN2 '_GE flimsiness_NN1 ._. 
(_( This_DD1 happened_VVD once_RR21 again_RR22 when_CS I_PPIS1 more_RRR recently_RR proposed_VVN a_AT1 session_NNT1 on_II Darwinian_JJ literary_JJ theory_NN1 --_NN1 and_CC the_AT excuses_NN2 were_VBDR even_RR flimsier_JJR ._. )_) 
Undaunted_JJ ,_, we_PPIS2 tried_VVD again_RT the_AT following_JJ year_NNT1 with_IW an_AT1 almost_RR identical_JJ proposal_NN1 and_CC the_AT very_RG same_DA panelists_NN2 ,_, this_DD1 time_NNT1 with_IW mysterious_JJ success_NN1 ._. 
Not_XX knowing_VVG what_DDQ to_TO expect_VVI ,_, I_PPIS1 asked_VVD for_IF a_AT1 meeting_NN1 room_NN1 to_TO accommodate_VVI an_AT1 audience_NN1 of_IO twenty-five_MC ._. 
On_II the_AT 29th_MD of_IO December_NPM1 ,_, however_RR ,_, I_PPIS1 was_VBDZ astonished_VVN to_TO see_VVI that_CST our_APPGE meeting_NN1 room_NN1 at_II the_AT San_NP1 Francisco_NP1 Marriott_NP1 was_VBDZ filling_VVG up_RP rapidly_RR and_CC would_VM probably_RR be_VBI too_RG small_JJ to_TO accommodate_VVI the_AT rapid_JJ influx_NN1 of_IO attendees_NN2 ._. 
Managing_VVG to_TO negotiate_VVI a_AT1 room_NN1 switch_NN1 even_RR as_CSA the_AT crowd_NN1 was_VBDZ pressing_VVG in_RP ,_, we_PPIS2 ended_VVD up_RP with_IW more_DAR than_CSN a_AT1 hundred_NNO enthusiastic_JJ auditors_NN2 ._. 
Cheryll_VV0 ,_, as_CSA first_MD speaker_NN1 ,_, introduced_VVD the_AT subject_NN1 of_IO ecocriticism_NN1 --_NN1 and_CC the_AT movement_NN1 already_RR under_RR21 way_RR22 began_VVD to_TO take_VVI on_RP the_AT look_NN1 of_IO an_AT1 institutionally_RR sanctioned_VVN discipline_NN1 ._. 
Not_XX wanting_VVG to_TO lose_VVI these_DD2 mostly_RR newfound_JJ allies_NN2 ,_, we_PPIS2 passed_VVD around_RP a_AT1 sign-up_NN1 sheet_NN1 so_CS21 that_CS22 we_PPIS2 could_VM keep_VVI in_II touch_NN1 ._. 
Not_XX long_RR afterward_RL ,_, the_AT Western_JJ Literature_NN1 Association_NN1 ,_, which_DDQ had_VHD been_VBN in_II existence_NN1 since_II 1966_MC with_IW particular_JJ literary_JJ emphasis_NN1 on_II what_DDQ had_VHD come_VVN to_TO be_VBI called_VVN "_" nature_NN1 writing_NN1 ,_, "_" held_VVD their_APPGE October_NPM1 1992_MC conference_NN1 in_II Reno_NP1 ._. 
A_AT1 special_JJ meeting_NN1 took_VVD place_NN1 to_TO plant_VVI the_AT seeds_NN2 for_IF a_AT1 new_JJ organization_NN1 to_TO be_VBI devoted_VVN to_II nature_NN1 writing_NN1 ._. 
Ecocriticism_NN1 is_VBZ today_RT a_AT1 bona_JJ21 fide_JJ22 field_NN1 of_IO study_NN1 with_IW unofficial_JJ headquarters_NN at_II the_AT University_NN1 of_IO Nevada_NP1 ,_, Reno_NP1 ,_, where_CS Cheryll_NP1 ,_, Michael_NP1 Branch_NN1 ,_, and_CC Scott_NP1 Slovic_NN1 have_VH0 pioneered_VVN a_AT1 program_NN1 ._. 
And_CC in_II 1990_MC ,_, Cheryll_NP1 indeed_RR became_VVD the_AT first_MD official_JJ Assistant_JJ Professor_NN1 of_IO Literature_NN1 and_CC the_AT Environment_NN1 ._. 
For_IF me_PPIO1 ,_, learning_VVG from_II Cheryll_NP1 's_GE introductory_JJ letter_NN1 of_IO 1989_MC that_CST I_PPIS1 was_VBDZ an_AT1 ecocritic_NN1 was_VBDZ an_AT1 event_NN1 much_RR like_II the_AT famous_JJ case_NN1 of_IO Moliere_NN1 's_VBZ Mon_NPD1 ._. 
Jourdain_NP1 ,_, who_PNQS was_VBDZ astonished_VVN to_TO discover_VVI he_PPHS1 had_VHD been_VBN speaking_VVG prose_NN1 all_DB his_APPGE life_NN1 ._. 
But_CCB of_IO my_APPGE first_MD three_MC ventures_NN2 into_II ecological_JJ writing_NN1 (_( the_AT three_MC preceding_JJ chapters_NN2 )_) the_AT only_JJ one_PN1 of_IO the_AT group_NN1 that_CST can_VM be_VBI considered_VVN eco-criticism_NN1 is_VBZ "_" From_II Transcendence_NN1 to_II Obsolescence_NN1 ,_, "_" which_DDQ treats_VVZ ecological_JJ themes_NN2 as_CSA variants_NN2 of_IO classical_JJ literary_JJ preoccupations_NN2 ._. 
"_" On_II Being_VBG Polluted_VVN "_" was_VBDZ essentially_RR ecology_NN1 from_II a_AT1 humanist_NN1 's_GE sensibility_NN1 ,_, but_CCB insofar_CS21 as_CS22 its_APPGE hidden_JJ real_JJ theme_NN1 was_VBDZ the_AT effect_NN1 of_IO air_NN1 pollution_NN1 on_II the_AT body_NN1 and_CC thence_RR on_II consciousness_NN1 ,_, it_PPH1 marked_VVD the_AT unwitting_JJ germination_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 consciousness-oriented_JJ subtext_NN1 to_II everything_PN1 ecological_JJ that_CST followed_VVD in_II my_APPGE thinking_NN1 ._. 
"_" Air_NN1 and_CC Being_VBG "_" was_VBDZ a_AT1 much_RR more_RGR explicit_JJ account_NN1 of_IO the_AT environment/body/mind_NN1 interrelation_NN1 that_CST became_VVD increasingly_RR dominant_JJ each_DD1 time_NNT1 I_PPIS1 returned_VVD to_II seemingly_RR "_" environmental_JJ "_" issues_NN2 ._. 
Thus_RR ,_, most_DAT of_IO what_DDQ follows_VVZ in_II this_DD1 book_NN1 shows_VVZ ecology_NN1 morphing_VVG bit_NN1 by_II bit_NN1 via_II Darwinian_JJ themes_NN2 into_II consciousness_NN1 studies_NN2 ._. 
"_" After_CS Darwin_NP1 ,_, Marx_NP1 ,_, and_CC Freud_NP1 ,_, "_" I_PPIS1 had_VHD written_VVN in_II 1983_MC ,_, "_" the_AT arena_NN1 of_IO human_JJ freedom_NN1 has_VHZ come_VVN to_TO seem_VVI painfully_RR shrunken_JJ ._. 
And_CC after_CS contemporary_JJ environmental_JJ studies_NN2 ,_, even_RR less_RRR remains_VVZ ._. 
But_CCB recognition_NN1 of_IO environmental_JJ constraints_NN2 upon_II our_APPGE behavior_NN1 can_VM at_RR21 least_RR22 inform_VVI our_APPGE options_NN2 ,_, as_CSA we_PPIS2 come_VV0 to_TO see_VVI how_RGQ many_DA2 'choices_NN2 '_GE are_VBR actually_RR made_VVN for_IF us_PPIO2 by_II the_AT nature_NN1 of_IO things_NN2 ._. "_" 
(_( Compare_VV0 that_CST rather_RG bland_JJ statement_NN1 with_IW the_AT final_JJ chapter_NN1 of_IO this_DD1 book_NN1 ._. )_) 
Writing_VVG about_II the_AT environment_NN1 hardly_RR constituted_VVN a_AT1 new_JJ genre_NN1 ._. 
One_PN1 could_VM trace_VVI it_PPH1 back_RP at_RR21 least_RR22 as_CS31 far_CS32 as_CS33 Theocritus_NP1 ,_, through_II the_AT Romans_NN2 ,_, the_AT Medievals_NN2 ,_, the_AT European_JJ Enlightenment_NN1 ,_, the_AT Romantics_NN2 ,_, the_AT American_JJ Transcendentalists_NN2 ,_, and_RR31 so_RR32 forth_RR33 ,_, not_XX to_TO mention_VVI the_AT literature_NN1 of_IO the_AT East_ND1 ._. 
But_CCB the_AT literary_JJ mode_NN1 is_VBZ almost_RR always_RR that_DD1 of_IO "_" nature_NN1 writing_NN1 ,_, "_" as_CSA it_PPH1 came_VVD to_TO be_VBI called_VVN later_RRR on_RP ._. 
When_CS the_AT activities_NN2 now_RT subsumed_VVN by_II ecocriticism_NN1 generated_VVD ASLE_NP1 ,_, ISLE_NN1 ,_, and_CC the_AT various_JJ meetings_NN2 held_VVN by_II the_AT Western_JJ Literature_NN1 and_CC Modern_JJ Language_NN1 Associations_NN2 ,_, the_AT emphasis_NN1 was_VBDZ still_RR mostly_RR on_II nature_NN1 writing_NN1 ._. 
Once_CS ASLE_NP1 was_VBDZ established_VVN ,_, in_II the_AT early_JJ 1990s_MC2 ,_, and_CC once_RR ISLE_NN1 appeared_VVD in_II 1993_MC and_CC The_AT Ecocriticism_NN1 Reader_NN1 in_II 1996_MC ,_, the_AT situation_NN1 rapidly_RR changed_VVN ._. 
The_AT kind_NN1 of_IO writing_NN1 we_PPIS2 associate_VV0 with_IW Thoreau_NP1 and_CC Annie_NP1 Dillard_NP1 was_VBDZ quickly_RR complemented_VVN by_II critical_JJ writings_NN2 that_CST were_VBDR more_RGR self-conscious_JJ about_II their_APPGE own_DA genres_NN2 ._. 
In_II The_AT Ecocriticism_NN1 Reader_NN1 itself_PPX1 ,_, some_DD of_IO the_AT most_RGT influential_JJ selections_NN2 dealt_VVN with_IW religion_NN1 ,_, with_IW toxic_JJ consciousness_NN1 in_II the_AT American_JJ novel_NN1 ,_, with_IW eco-feminism_NN1 ,_, Native_JJ Americans_NN2 ,_, technology_NN1 ,_, and_CC psychology_NN1 ._. 
Environmental_JJ justice_NN1 ,_, the_AT "_" nature_NN1 "_" of_IO cities_NN2 ,_, environmental_JJ law_NN1 ,_, evolution_NN1 ,_, biology_NN1 ,_, and_CC sociobiology_NN1 produced_VVD further_JJR expansions_NN2 ._. 
Although_CS one_PN1 hears_VVZ occasional_JJ complaints_NN2 from_II critics_NN2 such_II21 as_II22 the_AT above-quoted_JJ editor_NN1 from_II Cambridge_NP1 about_II the_AT insufficient_JJ theorization_NN1 of_IO ecocriticism_NN1 and_CC its_APPGE failure_NN1 to_TO nail_VVI itself_PPX1 down_RP into_II a_AT1 well-defined_JJ theory_NN1 of_IO critique_NN1 ,_, this_DD1 weakness_NN1 ,_, if_CS it_PPH1 is_VBZ a_AT1 weakness_NN1 ,_, has_VHZ a_AT1 compensatory_JJ strength_NN1 ._. 
Ecocriticism_NN1 covers_VVZ a_AT1 broad_JJ spectrum_NN1 ._. 
It_PPH1 serves_VVZ as_II an_AT1 umbrella_NN1 term_NN1 for_IF very_RG diverse_JJ activities_NN2 ,_, and_CC it_PPH1 is_VBZ unwilling_JJ to_TO be_VBI hijacked_VVN by_II a_AT1 single_JJ ,_, theoretical_JJ ,_, fetishistic_JJ perspective_NN1 ._. 
My_APPGE own_DA view_NN1 is_VBZ that_DD1 unlike_JJ literary_JJ Marxism_NN1 ,_, feminism_NN1 ,_, and_CC queer_JJ theory_NN1 ,_, ecocriticism_NN1 will_VM be_VBI around_RP for_IF a_AT1 long_JJ time_NNT1 ,_, able_JK to_TO shape_VVI itself_PPX1 to_II unanticipated_JJ developments_NN2 in_II the_AT arts_NN2 ,_, society_NN1 ,_, and_CC even_RR international_JJ relations_NN2 in_II an_AT1 age_NN1 of_IO global_JJ warming_NN1 ._. 
As_CSA Lawrence_NP1 Buell_NP1 put_VVD it_PPH1 in_II The_AT Future_NN1 of_IO Environmental_JJ Criticism_NN1 ,_, "_" A_ZZ1 telltale_NN1 index_NN1 is_VBZ the_AT growth_NN1 within_II the_AT last_MD decade_NNT1 of_IO the_AT Association_NN1 for_IF the_AT Study_NN1 of_IO Literature_NN1 and_CC Environment_NN1 (_( ASLE_NP1 )_) from_II a_AT1 localized_JJ North_NP1 American_JJ ferment_NN1 into_II a_AT1 thousand-member_JJ organization_NN1 with_IW chapters_NN2 worldwide_RL from_II the_AT UK_NP1 to_II Japan_NP1 and_CC Korea_NP1 to_II Australia-New_JJ Zealand_NP1 ._. 
The_AT 'Who_NN1 's_GE listening_NN1 ?_? '_GE question_NN1 which_DDQ nagged_VVD me_PPIO1 when_RRQ I_PPIS1 first_MD entered_VVD the_AT arena_NN1 of_IO environmental_JJ criticism_NN1 has_VHZ given_VVN way_NN1 to_TO 'How_VVI can_VM I_PPIS1 keep_VVI pace_NN1 with_IW all_DB this_DD1 new_JJ work_NN1 ?_? '_" "_" 
The_AT essays_NN2 and_CC articles_NN2 that_CST I_PPIS1 produced_VVD after_II the_AT initial_JJ eco-trio_NN1 reveal_VV0 some_DD of_IO the_AT enlargements_NN2 of_IO ecocriticism_NN1 I_PPIS1 have_VH0 pointed_VVN toward_II ._. 
They_PPHS2 were_VBDR not_XX teased_VVN out_RP by_II any_DD theories_NN2 but_CCB arose_VVD from_II an_AT1 intuitive_JJ sense_NN1 of_IO the_AT complexity_NN1 of_IO environmental_JJ matters_NN2 in_II their_APPGE social_JJ ,_, philosophical_JJ ,_, scientific_JJ ,_, and_CC political_JJ aspects_NN2 ._. 
Like_II so_RG much_DA1 religious_JJ piety_NN1 that_CST is_VBZ in_II fact_NN1 a_AT1 form_NN1 of_IO higher_JJR narcissism_NN1 (_( e.g._REX ,_, the_AT Big_JJ Bang_NN1 took_VVD place_NN1 14_MC billion_NNO years_NNT2 ago_RA in_II order_NN1 to_TO "_" save_VVI "_" my_APPGE precious_RG little_DA1 "_" soul_NN1 "_" today_RT )_) ,_, "_" deep_JJ ecology_NN1 "_" struck_VVD me_PPIO1 as_II a_AT1 painfully_RR self-deceptive_JJ form_NN1 of_IO anthropocentrism_NN1 ._. 
In_II the_AT conflict_NN1 between_II Dave_NP1 Foreman_NP1 and_CC Murray_NP1 Bookchin_NP1 in_II chapter_NN1 6_MC ,_, my_APPGE sympathies_NN2 are_VBR clearly_RR with_IW Bookchin_NP1 's_GE attack_NN1 on_II Foreman_NP1 's_GE over-the-top_JJ biocentrism_NN1 ._. 
And_CC Foreman_NP1 himself_PPX1 began_VVD to_TO moderate_VVI his_APPGE positions_NN2 as_CSA time_NNT1 went_VVD by_RP ,_, toning_VVG down_RP the_AT misanthropy_NN1 ._. 
In_II dealing_VVG with_IW Aldo_NP1 Leopold_NP1 (_( in_II chapter_NN1 7_MC )_) ,_, I_PPIS1 wanted_VVD both_RR to_TO represent_VVI him_PPHO1 as_II an_AT1 eco-saint_NN1 while_CS also_RR pointing_VVG out_RP his_APPGE feet_NN2 of_IO clay_NN1 :_: his_APPGE biocentrism_NN1 was_VBDZ not_XX exactly_RR what_DDQ he_PPHS1 thought_VVD it_PPH1 was_VBDZ ,_, nor_CC what_DDQ many_DA2 of_IO his_APPGE readers_NN2 supposed_VVD ._. 
About_II Lawrence_NP1 Buell_NP1 's_GE Environmental_JJ Imagination_NN1 I_PPIS1 had_VHD decidedly_RR mixed_VVN feelings_NN2 ,_, as_CSA indeed_RR Buell_VV0 himself_PPX1 now_RT does_VDZ when_RRQ he_PPHS1 refers_VVZ to_II it_PPH1 in_II The_AT Future_NN1 of_IO Environmental_JJ Criticism_NN1 ._. 
And_CC in_II "_" The_AT 'Environment'_NN1 Is_VBZ Us_NP1 "_" (_( chapter_NN1 9_MC )_) the_AT quotes_NN2 around_II "_" environment_NN1 "_" are_VBR an_AT1 early_JJ giveaway_NN1 of_IO my_APPGE growing_JJ sense_NN1 that_CST there_EX really_RR is_VBZ no_AT environment_NN1 ,_, but_CCB that_DD1 idea_NN1 is_VBZ not_XX developed_VVN until_CS much_RR later_RRR (_( see_VV0 chapter_NN1 17_MC ,_, "_" Ecocriticism_NN1 's_GE Big_JJ Bang_NN1 "_" )_) ._. 
In_II what_DDQ is_VBZ to_II date_NN1 my_APPGE favorite_JJ ecocritical_JJ insight_NN1 ,_, "_" Ecology_NN1 and_CC Ecstasy_NN1 on_II Interstate_NN1 80_MC "_" (_( chapter_NN1 10_MC )_) turned_VVD out_RP to_TO be_VBI a_AT1 contrapuntal_JJ weaving_NN1 of_IO environment_NN1 ,_, esthetics_NN2 ,_, and_CC technology_NN1 ._. 
Far_RR from_II being_VBG a_AT1 Luddite_NN1 or_CC indulging_VVG in_II Heideggerian_JJ moonshine_NN1 ,_, I_PPIS1 acknowledge_VV0 the_AT ineluctable_JJ fact_NN1 that_CST even_RR the_AT most_RGT rarefied_JJ "_" spirituality_NN1 "_" is_VBZ beholden_JJ to_II technology_NN1 and_CC that_CST almost_RR everything_PN1 human_JJ is_VBZ enabled_VVN by_II what_DDQ the_AT Greeks_NN2 called_VVN techne_NN1 ._. 
Aldo_NP1 Leopold_NP1 is_VBZ again_RT a_AT1 begetter_NN1 in_II "_" Full_JJ Stomach_NN1 Wilderness_NN1 and_CC the_AT Suburban_JJ Esthetic_NN1 "_" (_( chapter_NN1 11_MC )_) ,_, where_CS I_PPIS1 use_VV0 his_APPGE full-stomach_JJ remark_NN1 as_II an_AT1 epigraph_NN1 for_IF another_DD1 specimen_NN1 of_IO heterodoxy_NN1 in_II which_DDQ I_PPIS1 acknowledge_VV0 that_CST even_RR suburban_JJ expansion_NN1 and_CC destruction_NN1 of_IO the_AT "_" wilderness_NN1 "_" provide_VV0 access_NN1 to_II and_CC appreciation_NN1 of_IO the_AT very_JJ wilderness_NN1 it_PPH1 partially_RR destroys_VVZ ._. 
And_CC finally_RR ,_, for_IF the_AT present_JJ book_NN1 at_RR21 least_RR22 ,_, I_PPIS1 try_VV0 to_TO unravel_VVI the_AT ambiguities_NN2 of_IO J._NP1 M._NN1 Coetzee_NP1 's_GE ecological_JJ fictions_NN2 ._. 
Inevitably_RR ,_, however_RR ,_, ecology_NN1 has_VHZ to_TO be_VBI seen_VVN as_II a_AT1 component_NN1 of_IO Darwinian_JJ evolution_NN1 and_CC selection_NN1 ,_, the_AT focus_NN1 of_IO part_NN1 2_MC ,_, and_CC equally_RR inevitable_JJ is_VBZ the_AT movement_NN1 into_II consciousness_NN1 studies_NN2 in_RR21 part_RR22 3_MC ._. 
If_CS there_EX really_RR is_VBZ no_AT environment_NN1 ,_, just_RR morphing_VVG materiality_NN1 ,_, then_RT natural_JJ selection_NN1 goes_VVZ a_AT1 long_JJ way_NN1 toward_II producing_VVG the_AT sought-after_JJ Grand_JJ Theory_NN1 ,_, and_CC consciousness_NN1 ,_, like_II trees_NN2 and_CC pollution_NN1 ,_, is_VBZ just_RR another_DD1 one_MC1 of_IO its_APPGE material_NN1 products_NN2 ._. 
