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Lafontaine_NP1 (_( 2004_MC )_) considers_VVZ Agrotis_NN1 coquimbensis_NN1 (_( Hampson_NP1 )_) (_( Feltia_NP1 coquimbensis_NN1 according_II21 to_II22 San_NP1 Blas_NP1 (_( 2014_MC )_) and_CC present_JJ work_NN1 )_) and_CC A.bistrigata_NP1 Maassen_NP1 as_CSA '_NULL primitive_JJ '_NULL Agrotis_NN1 ,_, because_CS they_PPHS2 lack_VV0 spined_JJ band_NN1 in_II vesica_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
However_RR ,_, most_DAT of_IO these_DD2 approaches_NN2 use_VV0 only_RR local_JJ network_NN1 information_NN1 in_II the_AT inference_NN1 process_NN1 and_CC are_VBR restricted_VVN to_II inferring_VVG single_JJ gene_NN1 associations_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Although_CS we_PPIS2 do_VD0 not_XX know_VVI the_AT actual_JJ range_NN1 of_IO visibilities_NN2 of_IO birds_NN2 in_II these_DD2 forests_NN2 ,_, it_PPH1 is_VBZ reasonable_JJ to_TO expect_VVI that_CST the_AT visual_JJ monitoring_NN1 of_IO associates_NN2 required_VVN to_TO obtain_VVI direct_RR foraging_VVG benefits_NN2 is_VBZ likely_JJ to_TO be_VBI possible_JJ only_RR at_II short_JJ distances_NN2 ._. 
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Juvenile_JJ chameleons_NN2 that_CST had_VHD been_VBN reared_VVN in_II isolation_NN1 were_VBDR less_RGR competent_JJ in_II their_APPGE interactions_NN2 with_IW conspecifics_NN2 ,_, fleeing_VVG and_CC curling_VVG into_II a_AT1 ball_NN1 during_II social_JJ trials_NN2 ._. 
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Only_RR two_MC studies_NN2 have_VH0 published_VVN EFs_NN2 ._. 
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Cells_NN2 were_VBDR then_RT fixed_VVN with_IW 4%_NNU PFA_NP1 ._. 
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By_II the_AT end_NN1 of_IO this_DD1 training_NN1 ,_, we_PPIS2 assumed_VVD that_CST the_AT bee_NN1 had_VHD learned_VVN to_TO associate_VVI each_DD1 feeder_NN1 type_NN1 to_II the_AT appropriate_JJ colour_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Silencing_NN1 of_IO PKM2_FO in_II rat_NN1 and_CC human_JJ glioma_NN1 spheroids_NN2 enhances_VVZ both_RR apoptosis_NN1 and_CC differentiation_NN1 ._. 
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The_AT Journal_NN1 of_IO Water_NN1 and_CC Health_NN1 contains_VVZ articles_NN2 originating_VVG from_II several_DA2 theoretical_JJ backgrounds_NN2 ,_, but_CCB they_PPHS2 tend_VV0 towards_II the_AT microbiologist_NN1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 view_NN1 that_CST if_CS bugs_NN2 are_VBR there_RL in_II the_AT water_NN1 ,_, then_RT this_DD1 must_VM be_VBI a_AT1 health_NN1 risk_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Diamond_NN1 (_( 1987_MC )_) proposed_VVD that_CST foraging_VVG in_II mixed-species_JJ flocks_NN2 allows_VVZ birds_NN2 to_TO overcome_VVI the_AT territorial_JJ defenses_NN2 of_IO conspecifics_NN2 ._. 
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Integration_NN1 of_IO unfolded_JJ protein_NN1 response_NN1 and_CC uORF/CPE_NN1 data_NN ._. 
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In_II the_AT case_NN1 of_IO the_AT attribute_NN1 name_NN1 ,_, the_AT selectable_JJ operators_NN2 are_VBR for_IF strings_NN2 ,_, since_CS the_AT type_NN1 of_IO the_AT attribute_NN1 name_NN1 is_VBZ string_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Moreover_RR ,_, a_AT1 low_JJ percentage_NN1 of_IO sallyer_NN1 species_NN among_II flock_NN1 participants_NN2 is_VBZ a_AT1 pattern_NN1 seen_VVN in_II flock_NN1 systems_NN2 across_II the_AT world_NN1 (_( range_NN1 in_II percent_NNU sallyer_NN1 species_NN across_II 32_MC studies_NN2 --_NN1 0-33%_FO ;_; Online_RR Resource_VV0 6_MC )_) ;_; therefore_RR ,_, our_APPGE inferences_NN2 about_II the_AT relative_JJ importance_NN1 of_IO direct_JJ foraging_NN1 and_CC anti-predation_JJ benefits_NN2 in_II flocks_NN2 are_VBR likely_JJ to_TO apply_VVI to_II flocks_NN2 in_RR21 general_RR22 ._. 
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First_MD ,_, it_PPH1 is_VBZ unclear_JJ what_DDQ it_PPH1 means_VVZ for_IF terms_NN2 to_TO have_VHI a_AT1 material_NN1 referent_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
However_RR ,_, the_AT relationship_NN1 between_II ratings_NN2 of_IO causes_NN2 and_CC endorsement_NN1 of_IO treatments_NN2 in_II the_AT current_JJ study_NN1 was_VBDZ small_JJ ,_, suggesting_VVG that_DD1 other_JJ factors_NN2 are_VBR more_RGR important_JJ in_II determining_JJ treatment_NN1 seeking_VVG ._. 
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We_PPIS2 describe_VV0 delivery_NN1 systems_NN2 that_CST might_VM be_VBI suitable_JJ for_IF different_JJ circumstances_NN2 ,_, and_CC bring_VV0 to_II the_AT reader_NN1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 attention_NN1 issues_NN2 that_CST must_VM be_VBI surmounted_VVN for_IF widespread_JJ use_NN1 in_RR21 vivo_RR22 ._. 
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<s>
Negative_JJ correlations_NN2 with_IW Chl_NP1 a_AT1 were_VBDR found_VVN for_IF Acantholaimus_NP1 (_( -0._MC 533_MC )_) ,_, Sabatieria_NP1 (_( -0.383_MC )_) and_CC Syringolaimus_NP1 (_( -0.479_MC )_) ;_; with_IW CPE_NN1 for_IF Acantholaimus_NP1 (_( -0.567_MC )_) ,_, Molgolaimus_NP1 (_( -0.380_MC )_) and_CC Syringolaimus_NP1 (_( -0.479_MC )_) ;_; with_IW Chl_NP1 a_AT1 :_: phaeo_NN1 for_IF Acantholaimus_NP1 (_( -0.417_MC )_) ,_, Amphimonhystrella_NP1 (_( -_- 0.417_MC )_) ,_, Sabatieria_NP1 (_( -_- 0.400_MC )_) and_CC Syringolaimus_NP1 (_( -0.563_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
This_DD1 argument_NN1 suggests_VVZ that_DD1 bone_NN1 diameter_NN1 needs_VVZ to_TO increase_VVI faster_RRR than_CSN predicted_VVN by_II geometric_JJ similarity_NN1 (_( D_ZZ1 M1/3_FU )_) in_BCL21 order_BCL22 to_TO keep_VVI bone_NN1 stress_NN1 at_II safe_JJ levels_NN2 ._. 
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These_DD2 docking_VVG proteins_NN2 include_VV0 FRS2_FO ,_, IRS1_FO (_( insulin_NN1 receptor_NN1 substrate-1_MC1 )_) ,_, and_CC Gab1_FO (_( the_AT Grb2-associated_JJ binder_NN1 )_) ._. 
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<s>
It_PPH1 should_VM also_RR assist_VVI the_AT environment_NN1 to_II a_AT1 pre-existing_JJ condition_NN1 by_II natural_JJ mechanisms_NN2 only_RR ,_, and_CC not_XX through_II the_AT use_NN1 of_IO social_JJ homeopathic_JJ remedies_NN2 (_( Schellnhuber_NP1 ,_, 1998_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
There_EX is_VBZ evidence_NN1 that_CST vertebrate_JJ hosts_NN2 and_CC their_APPGE parasites_NN2 are_VBR involved_JJ in_II a_AT1 never-ending_JJ co-evolutionary_JJ arms_NN2 race_VV0 according_II21 to_II22 Red_JJ Queen_NN1 dynamics_NN ._. 
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Another_DD1 H3K4_FO methyltransferase_VV0 MLL_NP1 contains_VVZ a_AT1 CpG-binding_JJ CXXC_NP1 domain_NN1 ,_, which_DDQ is_VBZ essential_JJ for_IF the_AT recruitment_NN1 of_IO MLL_NP1 to_II HoxA9_FO and_CC ._. 
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<s>
Only_RR the_AT biopsy_NN1 samples_NN2 going_VVG all_DB the_AT way_NN1 through_II the_AT scute_NN1 and_CC reaching_VVG the_AT innermost_JJ layer_NN1 were_VBDR used_VVN ._. 
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<s>
In_RR21 addition_RR22 ,_, the_AT number_NN1 of_IO adult_NN1 bees_NN2 and_CC number_NN1 of_IO cells_NN2 with_IW pollen_NN1 and_CC honey_NN1 reserves_NN2 of_IO all_DB colonies_NN2 were_VBDR estimated_VVN according_II21 to_II22 the_AT Liebefeld_NN1 method_NN1 (_( Imdorf_NP1 and_CC Gerig_NP1 ,_, 2001_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
After_CS the_AT data_NN have_VH0 been_VBN carefully_RR analyzed_VVN ,_, one_PN1 can_VM review_VVI the_AT quantitative_JJ evidence_NN1 and_CC consider_VVI some_DD qualifying_JJ value_NN1 judgments_NN2 to_TO help_VVI understand_VVI and_CC interpret_VVI the_AT evidence_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
We_PPIS2 tested_VVD whether_CSW captive_JJ personality_NN1 measures_NN2 explained_VVD a_AT1 significant_JJ proportion_NN1 of_IO variation_NN1 in_II wild_JJ behaviour_NN1 by_II adding_VVG the_AT analogous_JJ captive_JJ personality_NN1 measure_NN1 to_II these_DD2 GLMMs_NP1 as_II an_AT1 independent_JJ variable_NN1 ,_, and_CC performing_VVG an_AT1 LRT_NP1 chi-square_JJ test_NN1 between_II the_AT GLMM_NP1 including_II and_CC a_AT1 GLMM_NP1 excluding_II that_DD1 independent_JJ variable_NN1 ._. 
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I_PPIS1 thank_VV0 Jessica_NP1 Pearce_NP1 for_IF her_APPGE language_NN1 editing_NN1 services_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT increase_NN1 in_II dietary_JJ frequency_NN1 of_IO Gadidae_NP1 accords_VVZ with_IW recent_JJ evidence_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 distributional_JJ shift_NN1 into_II Scottish_JJ waters_NN2 of_IO some_DD Gadiformes_NN2 in_II recent_JJ years_NNT2 (_( Cormon_NP1 et_RA21 al_RA22 ._. 
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<s>
2014_MC )_) ,_, including_II saithe_NN1 Pollachius_NP1 virens_NN2 ,_, the_AT principle_NN1 prey_NN1 of_IO shags_NN2 is_VBZ some_DD populations_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
As_CSA shown_VVN in_II Table_NN1 2_MC ,_, the_AT EOF-based_JJ model_NN1 is_VBZ generally_RR accurate_JJ to_II within_II one_MC1 standard_JJ deviation_NN1 of_IO the_AT shoreline_NN1 positions_NN2 recorded_VVN at_II each_DD1 profile_NN1 by_II the_AT 48_MC surveys_NN2 used_VMK to_TO create_VVI the_AT model_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
In_II mammalian_JJ sperm_NN ,_, actin_NN1 is_VBZ present_JJ in_II its_APPGE monomeric_JJ form_NN1 as_II31 well_II32 as_II33 filamentous_JJ actin_NN1 (_( Flaherty_NP1 et_RA21 al_RA22 ._. 
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1988_MC ;_; Moreno-Fierros_NP1 et_RA21 al_RA22 ._. 
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1992_MC ;_; Vogl_NP1 et_RA21 al_RA22 ._. 
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1993_MC ;_; de_NP1 las_NN2 Heras_NP2 et_RA21 al_RA22 ._. 
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1997_MC ;_; Herna_NP1 ndez-Gonza_NP1 lez_NN1 et_RA21 al_RA22 ._. 
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2000_MC ;_; Delgado-Buenrostro_NP1 et_RA21 al_RA22 ._. 
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2005_MC ;_; Oikonomopoulou_NP1 et_RA21 al_RA22 ._. 
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2009_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
Current_JJ evidence_NN1 indicates_VVZ that_CST some_DD of_IO the_AT key_JJ regulators_NN2 of_IO ES_NP1 cell_NN1 identity_NN1 --_NN1 Oct4_FO ,_, Sox2_FO and_CC Nanog_NP1 --_NN1 are_VBR expressed_VVN only_RR in_II specific_JJ human_JJ cancer_NN1 types12–15_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
First_MD ,_, tools_NN2 for_IF quality_NN1 assessment_NN1 and_CC alignment_NN1 matured_VVN to_II a_AT1 great_JJ extent_NN1 and_CC the_AT choice_NN1 is_VBZ rather_RG straightforward_JJ ._. 
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<s>
We_PPIS2 presented_VVD 1_MC1 method_NN1 of_IO thresholding_VVG continuous_JJ predictive_JJ surfaces_NN2 of_IO sage-grouse_JJ nesting_NN1 ,_, brood_VV0 rearing_JJ ,_, and_CC wintering_VVG areas_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT KIV-based_JJ control_NN1 uses_VVZ the_AT simplified_JJ KIV_NN1 architecture_NN1 given_VVN in_II Fig._NN1 8_MC ,_, which_DDQ must_VM interface_VVI with_IW the_AT existing_JJ FSM_NP1 ._. 
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SYNGAP1_FO is_VBZ a_AT1 recently_RR described_VVD RasGAP_NP1 thought_VVD to_TO be_VBI expressed_VVN only_RR in_II neurons_NN2 and_CC is_VBZ a_AT1 major_JJ component_NN1 of_IO the_AT postsynaptic_JJ density_NN1 found_VVD associated_VVN with_IW excitatory_JJ N-methyl-d-aspartate_NP1 (_( NMDA_NP1 )_) receptors_NN2 at_II synapses_NN2 (_( 22_MC )_) ._. 
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The_AT second_MD possible_JJ mechanism_NN1 occurs_VVZ at_II high_JJ membrane_NN1 concentrations_NN2 as_II a_AT1 result_NN1 of_IO lipid–membrane_NN1 collision16_FO and_CC is_VBZ dependent_JJ on_II the_AT concentration_NN1 of_IO both_RR donor_NN1 and_CC acceptor_NN1 membranes_NN2 (_( FIG._NN1 2d_NNU )_) ._. 
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How_RRQ to_TO proceed_VVI once_RR this_DD1 type_NN1 of_IO information_NN1 is_VBZ revealed_VVN is_VBZ an_AT1 important_JJ consideration_NN1 for_IF this_DD1 pedagogical_JJ model_NN1 and_CC may_VM require_VVI inclusion_NN1 of_IO the_AT family_NN1 in_II the_AT donor_NN1 consent_NN1 process_NN1 ._. 
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The_AT E-Cadherin_NP1 and_CC CCR3_FO antibodies_NN2 were_VBDR from_II R_ZZ1 &D;_NULL systems_NN2 (_( Minneapolis_NP1 ,_, MN_FO ,_, USA_NP1 )_) ._. 
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Starting_VVG from_II three_MC different_JJ randomized_JJ initial_JJ configurations_NN2 of_IO the_AT cytoplasm_NN1 model_NN1 (_( all_RR shown_VVN in_II Figure_NN1 S1_FO )_) ,_, we_PPIS2 performed_VVD independent_JJ Brownian_JJ dynamics_NN (_( BD_NP1 )_) simulations_NN2 &lsqb;_( 14_MC &rsqb;_) to_TO explore_VVI diffusive_JJ behavior_NN1 ._. 
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Furthermore_RR ,_, the_AT results_NN2 of_IO this_DD1 laboratory_NN1 experiment_NN1 indicated_VVD a_AT1 community_NN1 shift_VV0 towards_II bacteria_NN2 that_CST are_VBR more_RGR efficient_JJ in_II carbon_NN1 and_CC nutrient_NN1 acquisition_NN1 (_( Pohlon_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2013_MC )_) ._. 
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Annual_JJ Reviews_NN2 Inc._JJ ,_, Palo_NP1 Alto_NP1 ,_, California_NP1 ,_, USA_NP1 1998_MC ._. 
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The_AT high_JJ cost_NN1 of_IO lactation_NN1 caused_VVD adult_JJ female_JJ caribou_NN to_TO continue_VVI to_TO lose_VVI mass_NN1 for_IF 3_MC weeks_NNT2 after_II parturition_NN1 (_( Parker_NP1 et_RA21 al_RA22 ._. 
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1990_MC )_) ,_, a_AT1 situation_NN1 that_CST could_VM increase_VVI mortality_NN1 into_II the_AT summer_NNT1 ._. 
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Only_RR two_MC species_NN inhabit_VV0 the_AT otherwise_RR diverse_JJ eastern_JJ rainforest_NN1 regions_NN2 of_IO Madagascar_NP1 ._. 
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In_RR21 addition_RR22 ,_, an_AT1 up-to-date_JJ 50-page_JJ user_NN1 manual_NN1 covering_VVG all_DB new_JJ RAxML_NN1 options_NN2 is_VBZ available_JJ ._. 
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Thus_RR ,_, nkx_NNU genes_NN2 seem_VV0 to_TO sit_VVI near_II the_AT top_NN1 of_IO the_AT transcriptional_JJ hierarchy_NN1 that_CST insures_VVZ retention_NN1 of_IO ventricular_JJ identity_NN1 in_II both_DB2 early-differentiating_JJ and_CC late-differentiating_JJ cardiomyocytes_NN2 ._. 
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Fig._NN1 3_MC illustrates_VVZ the_AT basic_JJ operation_NN1 of_IO the_AT model_NN1 ,_, but_CCB also_RR reveals_VVZ a_AT1 principal_JJ weakness_NN1 of_IO the_AT model_NN1 ._. 
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Similar_JJ results_NN2 were_VBDR observed_VVN for_IF the_AT other_JJ NMD_NP1 inhibition_NN1 treatments_NN2 (_( not_XX shown_VVN )_) ._. 
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We_PPIS2 analysed_VVD binary_JJ variables_NN2 (_( hatching_NN1 and_CC fledging_VVG proportion_NN1 )_) using_VVG generalized_JJ linear_JJ models_NN2 (_( GLM_NP1 )_) with_IW binomial_JJ error_NN1 and_CC logit_VV0 link_NN1 function_NN1 (_( 2tests_FO )_) ._. 
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Indeed_RR ,_, the_AT miR-206_MC knockout_NN1 mouse_NN1 also_RR showed_VVD a_AT1 normal_JJ muscle_NN1 architecture_NN1 at_II day_NNT1 30_MC after_II CTX_NP1 injection_NN1 ,_, but_CCB displayed_VVD decreased_JJ muscle_NN1 function_NN1 during_II downhill_JJ running_NN1 when_CS miR-_NN1 206_MC was_VBDZ genetically_RR deleted_VVN in_II the_AT chronic_JJ regeneration_NN1 model_NN1 ,_, mdx_MC (_( Liu_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2012_MC )_) ._. 
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Wind_NN1 speed_NN1 and_CC direction_NN1 must_VM be_VBI recorded_VVN in_BCL21 order_BCL22 to_TO normalise_VVI observed_JJ onshore_JJ accumulation_NN1 rates_NN2 ._. 
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The_AT BI_JJ phylogenetic_JJ analysis_NN1 of_IO the_AT gastropod_NN1 data_NN set_VV0 using_VVG the_AT site-heterogeneous_JJ mixture_NN1 CAT-GTR+G_FO model_NN1 was_VBDZ able_JK to_TO avoid_VVI the_AT LBA_NN1 artefact_NN1 between_II Heterobranchia_NP1 and_CC Patellogastropoda_NP1 ,_, placing_VVG the_AT former_DA closer_RRR to_II Caenogastropoda_NP1 (_( in_II31 support_II32 of_II33 the_AT Apogastropoda_NP1 hypothesis_NN1 ;_; Ponder_VV0 &;_NULL Lindberg_NP1 1997_MC )_) and_CC the_AT latter_DA within_II the_AT Vetigastropoda_NP1 as_CSA previously_RR reported_VVN (_( Colgan_NP1 etal_JJ ._. 
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It_PPH1 was_VBDZ implicated_VVN in_II tumor-stromal_JJ crosstalk_NN1 ,_, angiogenesis_NN1 ,_, and_CC M2_FO macrophage_NN1 recruitment_NN1 in_II oral_JJ squamous_JJ cell_NN1 carcinoma_NN1 and_CC in_II autocrine_JJ cell_NN1 migration_NN1 in_II colon_NN1 cancer_NN1 &lsqb;_( 14_MC ,_, 15_MC &rsqb;_) ._. 
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Measurements_NN2 on_II cytochrome_NN1 c_ZZ1 chain_NN1 diffusion_NN1 (_( 28_MC ,_, 80_MC )_) estimated_VVD a_AT1 minimum_JJ time_NNT1 of_IO 1_MC1 s_ZZ1 for_IF the_AT polypeptide_NN1 chain_NN1 to_TO collapse_VVI ._. 
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The_AT Northwest_ND1 ReGAP_NN1 data_NN provided_VVD landcover_NN1 classifications_NN2 (_( presence-absence_NN1 )_) as_II31 opposed_II32 to_II33 percent_NNU canopy_NN1 cover_NN1 ._. 
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Detect_VV0 covariant_JJ oscillations_NN2 in_II separate_JJ KIII_JJ sets_NN2 ._. 
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Cooke_NP1 et_RA21 al_RA22 ._. 
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(_( 2000_MC )_) found_VVD no_AT difference_NN1 in_II direct_JJ recovery_NN1 rates_NN2 of_IO snow_NN1 geese_NN2 marked_VVN with_IW tarsal_NN1 bands_NN2 compared_VVN to_II metal_NN1 legbands_NN2 ._. 
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Most_DAT likely_JJ these_DD2 short-term_JJ effects_NN2 are_VBR not_XX genetic_JJ because_CS the_AT genetic_JJ effects_NN2 at_II issue_NN1 are_VBR only_RR likely_JJ to_TO operate_VVI over_RP hundreds_NNO2 of_IO years_NNT2 ,_, not_XX decades_NNT2 ._. 
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<s>
GenAlEx_NN1 is_VBZ now_RT widely_RR used_VVN by_II university_NN1 teachers_NN2 at_II both_RR undergraduate_NN1 and_CC graduate_VV0 levels_NN2 around_II the_AT world_NN1 ._. 
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Thus_RR ,_, effects_NN2 of_IO predator_NN1 control_NN1 may_VM be_VBI uncertain_JJ in_II ecologically_RR complex_JJ communities_NN2 ._. 
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All_DB other_JJ double_JJ mutants_NN2 analysed_VVD only_RR showed_VVD less_DAR than_CSN 20%_NNU Cd_NN1 reduction_NN1 ._. 
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The_AT aim_NN1 of_IO this_DD1 experiment_NN1 was_VBDZ to_TO measure_VVI leaf_NN1 hydraulic_JJ conductance_NN1 ,_, mesophyll_VV0 conductance_NN1 and_CC gas_NN1 exchange_NN1 under_II variable_JJ environmental_JJ conditions_NN2 for_IF the_AT first_MD true_JJ leaves_NN2 of_IO cotton_NN1 ._. 
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We_PPIS2 identified_VVD the_AT maximum_NN1 CVI_MC value_NN1 (_( i._MC e._ZZ1 ,_, the_AT value_NN1 where_CS the_AT highest_JJT number_NN1 of_IO use_NN1 locations_NN2 were_VBDR captured_VVN in_II the_AT smallest_JJT total_JJ area_NN1 ;_; Fig._NN1 5_MC )_) ._. 
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The_AT BASE_NN1 technology_NN1 from_II Oxford_NP1 Nanopore_NP1 is_VBZ able_JK to_TO differentiate_VVI between_II cytosine_NN1 and_CC methylcytosine_VVI during_II sequencing_NN1 &lsqb;_( 37_MC &rsqb;_) ._. 
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Despite_II some_DD limitations_NN2 of_IO this_DD1 preliminary_JJ work_NN1 ,_, our_APPGE approach_NN1 appears_VVZ to_TO be_VBI promising_JJ ._. 
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<s>
Following_VVG three_MC washes_NN2 in_II PBS_NP1 ,_, secondary_JJ antibodies_NN2 were_VBDR applied_VVN for_IF 2.5_MC hr_NNU while_CS rocking_VVG and_CC covered_VVN (_( 1:200_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
Although_CS we_PPIS2 did_VDD find_VVI both_RR increased_VVN and_CC decreased_JJ nitrogen_NN1 mineralization_NN1 rates_NN2 in_II31 response_II32 to_II33 the_AT rainfall_NN1 treatments_NN2 (_( Fig._NN1 4_MC )_) ,_, these_DD2 changes_NN2 could_VM not_XX be_VBI attributed_VVN to_II the_AT microbial_JJ community_NN1 (_( Fig._NN1 1_MC1 )_) ._. 
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<s>
Various_JJ nanomaterials_NN2 have_VH0 been_VBN explored_VVN to_TO control_VVI stem_NN1 cell_NN1 behavior_NN1 such_II21 as_II22 adhesion_NN1 and_CC differentiation_NN1 by_II modulating_VVG biomimetic_JJ characteristics_NN2 and_CC mechanical_JJ properties_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Could_VM the_AT mere_JJ presence_NN1 or_CC absence_NN1 of_IO the_AT CFS_VVZ stimulus_NN1 have_VH0 caused_VVN our_APPGE visibility_NN1 effects_NN2 ?_? 
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<s>
We_PPIS2 use_VV0 this_DD1 method_NN1 to_TO estimate_VVI 276_MC genetic_JJ correlations_NN2 among_II 24_MC traits_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
While_CS this_DD1 proposal_NN1 is_VBZ generally_RR viewed_VVN as_RG '_NULL little_DA1 more_DAR than_CSN a_AT1 claim_NN1 for_IF ignorance_NN1 regarding_II the_AT origin_NN1 of_IO the_AT group_NN1 '_NULL (_( Fleagle_NP1 1999_MC ,_, p._NN1 421_MC )_) ,_, the_AT idea_NN1 that_CST the_AT main_JJ primate_NN1 clades_NN2 are_VBR derived_VVN from_II a_AT1 common_JJ ancestor_NN1 older_JJR than_CSN them_PPHO2 all_DB ,_, rather_II21 than_II22 one_MC1 member_NN1 being_VBG the_AT ancestor_NN1 of_IO the_AT others_NN2 ,_, may_VM be_VBI a_AT1 valuable_JJ step_NN1 towards_II understanding_VVG anthropoid_JJ origins_NN2 (_( Fleagle_VV0 himself_PPX1 gave_VVD an_AT1 '_NULL agnostic_JJ '_NULL diagram_NN1 of_IO phylogeny_NN1 for_IF primates_NN2 ,_, showing_VVG five_MC separate_JJ groups_NN2 rather_II21 than_II22 ancestor-descendant_JJ lineages_NN2 ;_; Fleagle_NP1 1999_MC ,_, p._NN1 345_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
Samples_NN2 were_VBDR submerged_VVN in_II a_AT1 saturated_JJ solution_NN1 of_IO biological_JJ washing_NN1 powder_NN1 (_( Biotex?_NP1 )_) and_CC heated_VVN at_II 4050_MC °C_NNU ,_, until_CS all_DB soft_JJ tissue_NN1 and_CC mucus_NN1 was_VBDZ digested_VVN ._. 
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<s>
Another_DD1 variation_NN1 on_II this_DD1 theme_NN1 is_VBZ seen_VVN with_IW Tie2_FO ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT temperature_NN1 that_CST induces_VVZ chill_JJ coma_NN1 differs_VVZ predictably_RR among_II species_NN ;_; activity_NN1 in_II a_AT1 cold-adapted_JJ midge_NN1 found_VVN in_II the_AT Himalayas_NP2 is_VBZ reported_VVN at_II environmental_JJ temperatures_NN2 as_RG low_JJ as_CSA ?_? 16_MC ?_? 
</s>
<s>
C_NP1 (_( 54_MC )_) ,_, whereas_CS warm-adapted_JJ tsetse_NN1 flies_NN2 are_VBR reported_VVN to_TO enter_VVI chill_NN1 coma_NN1 at_II temperatures_NN2 >15_FO ?_? 
</s>
<s>
C_NP1 (_( 55_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Mice_NN2 were_VBDR infected_VVN via_II the_AT i._MC t._NNU (_( 1–2_MCMC 3_MC 107_MC conidia_NN1 )_) or_CC i._MC v._NNU (_( 105_MC conidia_NN1 )_) route_NN1 with_IW A._NP1 fumigatus_JJ strain_NN1 Af293_FO ._. 
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<s>
Thus_RR ,_, much_DA1 of_IO the_AT understanding_NN1 of_IO intestinal_JJ stem_NN1 cell_NN1 biology_NN1 has_VHZ been_VBN derived_VVN from_II studies_NN2 of_IO mouse_NN1 enteroids_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
We_PPIS2 further_RRR demonstrated_VVD that_CST OPCs_NP1 actively_RR avoid_VV0 deposits_NN2 of_IO CSPGs_NP1 ,_, extending_VVG their_APPGE processes_NN2 parallel_RR to_II the_AT border_NN1 of_IO CSPG_NP1 deposits_NN2 but_CCB rarely_RR crossing_VVG it_PPH1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Here_RL ,_, by_II inactivating_VVG SLAIN2_FO alone_RR ,_, we_PPIS2 show_VV0 that_CST increasing_JJ catastrophe_NN1 frequency_NN1 without_IW affecting_VVG +TIP_FO localization_NN1 ,_, MT_NP1 density_NN1 at_II pseudopod_NN1 tips_NN2 ,_, vesicle_NN1 trafficking_NN1 ,_, matrix_NN1 degradation_NN1 ,_, or_CC focal_JJ adhesions_NN2 is_VBZ sufficient_JJ to_TO block_VVI pseudopod-based_JJ cell_NN1 invasion_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Despite_II the_AT uncertainties_NN2 surrounding_VVG the_AT details_NN2 of_IO the_AT signaling_JJ pathways_NN2 engaged_VVN by_II endogenous_JJ GLP-1_MC1 ,_, oxyntomodulin_NN1 ,_, and_CC PYY_NP1 ,_, systemic_JJ administration_NN1 of_IO recombinant_JJ peptides_NN2 and_CC analogs_VVZ undoubtedly_RR reduces_VVZ food_NN1 intake_NN1 in_II humans_NN2 and_CC animal_NN1 models_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
In_II summary_NN1 ,_, the_AT range_NN1 and_CC differences_NN2 of_IO animal_NN1 and_CC dietary_JJ models_NN2 ofNAFLDdemonstrate_VV0 the_AT heterogeneous_JJ conditions_NN2 under_II whichNASH-like_JJ histological_JJ features_NN2 can_VM theoretically_RR develop_VVI ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT '_NULL non-lethal_JJ '_NULL nature_NN1 of_IO carry-over_JJ effectsNorris_NN1 (_( 2005_MC )_) and_CC Norris_NP1 &;_NULL Taylor_NP1 (_( 2006_MC )_) emphasize_VV0 that_CST the_AT defining_JJ feature_NN1 of_IO COEs_NP2 is_VBZ their_APPGE non-lethal_JJ nature_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Additionally_RR ,_, research_NN1 conducted_VVN on_II SCBPs_NP1 for_IF rare_JJ diseases_NN2 under_II the_AT support_NN1 of_IO the_AT ODA_NP1 may_VM yield_VVI data_NN that_CST could_VM be_VBI translated_VVN toward_II research_NN1 into_II SCBPs_NP1 for_IF other_JJ rare_JJ or_CC common_JJ diseases_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
When_CS examining_VVG the_AT correlation_NN1 between_II cortisol_NN1 and_CC birth_NN1 weight_NN1 or_CC ultrasound_VV0 parameters_NN2 ,_, variables_NN2 that_CST are_VBR known_VVN to_TO influence_VVI cortisol_NN1 release_NN1 ,_, intrauterine_JJ growth_NN1 and_CC showed_VVD a_AT1 significant_JJ bivariate_JJ correlation_NN1 or_CC association_NN1 with_IW birth_NN1 weight_NN1 or_CC ultrasound_VV0 parameters_NN2 in_II our_APPGE cohort_NN1 ,_, respectively_RR ,_, were_VBDR used_VVN as_CSA co-variables_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Schwartz_VV0 '_NULL s_ZZ1 thesis_NN1 is_VBZ no_AT Copernican_JJ revolution_NN1 ,_, but_CCB rather_RG a_AT1 restricted_JJ view_NN1 of_IO causal_JJ mechanisms_NN2 in_II cancer_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
What_DDQ we_PPIS2 know_VV0 about_II HSCs_NP1 and_CC HPCs_NP1 and_CC how_RRQ best_RRT to_TO use_VVI them_PPHO2 for_IF clinical_JJ efficacy_NN1 developed_VVN over_II decades_NNT2 of_IO extensive_JJ controlled_JJ laboratory_NN1 and_CC clinical_JJ studies_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
An_AT1 overview_NN1 of_IO all_DB GBM_NP1 samples_NN2 subjected_VVN to_II various_JJ analyses_NN2 is_VBZ given_VVN in_II Figure_NN1 S1A_FO available_JJ online_JJ ._. 
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<s>
Figure_VV0 1_MC1 shows_VVZ the_AT current_JJ understanding_NN1 of_IO abiotic_JJ stress_NN1 responses_NN2 in_II31 conjunction_II32 with_II33 the_AT contribution_NN1 of_IO Arabidopsis_NP1 genome_NN1 information_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
For_REX21 example_REX22 ,_, the_AT visual_JJ system_NN1 of_IO fish_NN is_VBZ tailored_VVN to_II the_AT light_JJ environment_NN1 in_II which_DDQ species_NN live_VV0 ,_, and_CC this_DD1 in_II turn_NN1 influences_VVZ the_AT types_NN2 of_IO visual_JJ stimuli_NN2 that_CST are_VBR viewed_VVN as_CSA conspicuous_JJ among_II species_NN (_( Cummings_NP1 ,_, 2007andSeehausen_FO etal._NNU ,_, 2008_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Probably_RR one_MC1 of_IO the_AT most_RGT rewarding_JJ approaches_NN2 I_PPIS1 had_VHD was_VBDZ to_TO involve_VVI the_AT scientists_NN2 in_II my_APPGE own_DA laboratory_NN1 who_PNQS made_VVD the_AT original_JJ discovery_NN1 with_IW the_AT clinical_JJ translation_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
But_CCB even_RR deregulation_NN1 must_VM have_VHI its_APPGE limits_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
For_REX21 instance_REX22 ,_, Provenge_VV0 only_RR exhibits_VVZ an_AT1 average_JJ 4-month_JJ mean_JJ survival_NN1 prolongation_NN1 in_II treated_JJ patients_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Similarly_RR ,_, knockout_NN1 or_CC postnatal_JJ inhibition_NN1 of_IO the_AT transforming_VVG growth_NN1 factor-_NN1 (_( TGF-_NN1 )_) ligand_VV0 Myostatin_NP1 &lsqb;_( also_RR known_VVN as_II growth_NN1 differentiation_NN1 factor_NN1 8_MC (_( GDF8_FO )_) &rsqb;_) ,_, which_DDQ is_VBZ expressed_VVN almost_RR exclusively_RR in_II muscle_NN1 ,_, leads_VVZ to_II doubling_NN1 of_IO muscle_NN1 mass_NN1 ,_, to_II reduced_JJ adiposity_NN1 ,_, and_CC to_II increased_JJ insulin_NN1 sensitivity_NN1 (_( 20_MC ,_, 21_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
,_, female_JJ choice_NN1 is_VBZ a_AT1 selection_NN1 pressure_NN1 acting_VVG on_II the_AT male_NN1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 wing_NN1 spot_NN1 (_( ?Siva-Jothy_NN1 ,_, 1999_MC )_) and_CC possibly_RR on_II wing_NN1 shape_NN1 ,_, via_II courtship_NN1 (_( Outomuro_NP1 et?al._NNU ,_, 2012_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Second_MD ,_, we_PPIS2 also_RR computed_VVD the_AT number_NN1 of_IO times_NNT2 each_DD1 parent_NN1 contacted_VVD the_AT two_MC task_NN1 areas_NN2 directly_RR relevant_JJ to_II solving_VVG the_AT problem_NN1 (_( i._MC e._ZZ1 the_AT trapdoor_NN1 and_CC the_AT string_NN1 ,_, Fig.1_FO )_) divided_VVN by_II the_AT total_JJ number_NN1 of_IO times_NNT2 other_JJ areas_NN2 (_( top_NN1 ,_, front_NN1 ,_, corners_NN2 and_CC sides_NN2 of_IO the_AT box_NN1 )_) were_VBDR contacted_VVN during_II the_AT problem-solving_NN1 test_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Such_DA packets_NN2 would_VM be_VBI available_JJ for_IF introduction_NN1 into_II the_AT germlines_NN2 of_IO other_JJ species_NN ,_, as_CSA a_AT1 sort_NN1 of_IO genomic_JJ version_NN1 of_IO organ_NN1 transplanting_VVG ._. 
</s>
<s>
Thus_RR ,_, these_DD2 data_NN indicate_VV0 that_CST GRA16_FO could_VM modulate_VVI p53_FO protein_NN1 levels_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Finally_RR ,_, we_PPIS2 explore_VV0 the_AT roles_NN2 of_IO microbial_JJ metabolism_NN1 as_CSA it_PPH1 relates_VVZ to_II bile_NN1 acids_NN2 ,_, xenobiotics_NN2 ,_, and_CC diet_NN1 in_II the_AT etiology_NN1 and_CC therapeutics_NN1 of_IO CRC_NP1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Our_APPGE results_NN2 are_VBR discussed_VVN within_II the_AT context_NN1 of_IO ongoing_JJ efforts_NN2 to_TO identify_VVI facile_JJ means_NN by_II which_DDQ to_TO achieve_VVI cytosolic_JJ QD_NP1 delivery_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT Human_JJ Fertilization_NN1 and_CC Embryology_NP1 Act_NN1 (_( HFE_NP1 Act_NN1 )_) was_VBDZ passed_VVN in_II the_AT United_NP1 Kingdom_NP1 in_II 1990_MC and_CC regulates_VVZ ,_, among_II other_JJ techniques_NN2 ,_, in_JJ21 vitro_JJ22 fertilization_NN1 and_CC donor_NN1 insemination_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Recent_JJ work_NN1 has_VHZ also_RR used_VVN dynamic_JJ modeling_NN1 to_TO identify_VVI transient_JJ coexpression_NN1 relationships_NN2 capturing_VVG static_JJ but_CCB temporally_RR related_JJ snapshots_NN2 of_IO the_AT dynamic_JJ network_NN1 &lsqb;_( 80_MC ,_, 81_MC &rsqb;_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Intact_JJ SNAREs_NN2 are_VBR required_VVN for_IF the_AT docking_NN1 of_IO the_AT acrosome_JJ to_II the_AT plasma_NN1 membrane_NN1 because_CS cleavage_NN1 of_IO SNAREs_NN2 with_IW botulinum_NN1 or_CC tetanus_NN1 toxins_NN2 prevents_VVZ morphological_JJ (_( Zanetti_NP1 and_CC Mayorga_NP1 2009_MC )_) and_CC functional_JJ (_( De_NP1 Blas_NN2 et_RA21 al_RA22 ._. 
</s>
<s>
2005_MC )_) docking_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
These_DD2 results_NN2 are_VBR also_RR compatible_JJ with_IW and_CC might_VM explain_VVI the_AT high_JJ Na_FU concentration_NN1 in_II the_AT stools_NN2 of_IO C._NP1 difficile_JJ colitis_NN1 patients_NN2 (_( 99_MC ,_, 100_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Burrowing_VVG snakes_NN2 may_VM be_VBI good_JJ candidates_NN2 for_IF evolving_VVG aquatic-marine_JJ habits_NN2 (_( the_AT reverse_NN1 may_VM also_RR be_VBI true_JJ )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
A_AT1 short_JJ cytoplasmic_JJ segment_NN1 is_VBZ followed_VVN by_II the_AT kinase_NN1 domain_NN1 and_CC ,_, only_RR exceptionally_RR ,_, a_AT1 carboxy-terminal_JJ extension_NN1 (_( for_REX21 example_REX22 ,_, in_II the_AT type_NN1 II_MC BMP_NP1 receptor_NN1 BMPR2_FO )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Predator_NN1 populations_NN2 in_II rabbit-prone_JJ areas_NN2 respond_VV0 indirectly_RR to_II this_DD1 increase_NN1 in_II primary_JJ productivity_NN1 by_II responding_VVG to_II increases_NN2 in_II rabbit_NN1 productivity_NN1 and_CC hence_RR the_AT availability_NN1 of_IO young_JJ rabbits_NN2 (_( Gibb_NP1 &;_NULL Fitzgerald_NP1 1998_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
Routine_NN1 genotyping_NN1 was_VBDZ performed_VVN by_II PCR_NP1 (_( primer_NN1 sequences_NN2 are_VBR listed_VVN in_II Supplementary_JJ Table_NN1 4_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
In_RR21 particular_RR22 ,_, individual_JJ environmental_JJ specialisation_NN1 can_VM be_VBI studied_VVN by_II comparing_VVG environmental_JJ conditions_NN2 (_( often_RR derived_VVN from_II satellite_NN1 remote-sensing_JJ data_NN )_) in_II repeated_JJ choices_NN2 of_IO geographical_JJ locations_NN2 to_II which_DDQ animals_NN2 are_VBR tracked_VVN on_II consecutive_JJ trips_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Examples_NN2 include_VV0 transplantation_NN1 of_IO dopaminergic_JJ neurons_NN2 for_IF Parkinson_NP1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 disease_NN1 ,_, oligodendrocytes_NN2 for_IF spinal_JJ cord_NN1 injury_NN1 ,_, retinal_JJ pigmented_JJ epithelial_JJ cells_NN2 for_IF retinal_JJ degenerative_JJ diseases_NN2 ,_, and_CC hepatocytes_NN2 for_IF inherited_JJ metabolic_JJ disorders_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Likewise_RR ,_, endocytosis_NN1 ,_, apoptosis_NN1 and_CC lipid_JJ trafficking_NN1 are_VBR conspicuous_JJ by_II their_APPGE absence_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT molecular_JJ basis_NN1 of_IO this_DD1 phenomenon_NN1 is_VBZ unknown_JJ ,_, but_CCB stimulation_NN1 or_CC inhibition_NN1 is_VBZ often_RR used_VVN to_TO identify_VVI specific_JJ interactions_NN2 (_( two_MC distinct_JJ mechanisms_NN2 of_IO B-family_JJ ABC_NN1 exporters_NN2 shown_VVN in_II Fig._NN1 5_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
They_PPHS2 are_VBR also_RR interpreted_VVN in_II the_AT context_NN1 of_IO (_( 2_MC )_) recent_JJ meta-analyses_NN2 considering_II the_AT role_NN1 of_IO compartmental_JJ and_CC functional_JJ complexity_NN1 in_II the_AT thermal_JJ biology_NN1 of_IO organisms_NN2 (_( Prtner_NP1 2002a_FO ;_; Storch_NP1 et_RA21 al_RA22 ._. 
</s>
<s>
2014_MC )_) ,_, of_IO (_( 3_MC )_) the_AT role_NN1 of_IO high_JJ temperature_NN1 extremes_NN2 in_II driving_VVG the_AT transition_NN1 to_II air-breathing_NN1 in_II warm-water_JJ crustaceans_NN2 (_( Giomi_NP1 et_RA21 al_RA22 ._. 
</s>
<s>
2014_MC )_) ,_, and_CC of_IO (_( 4_MC )_) how_RRQ the_AT principles_NN2 of_IO thermal_JJ adaptation_NN1 and_CC evolutionary_JJ change_NN1 observed_VVN in_II stenothermal_JJ versus_II eurythermal_JJ marine_JJ fauna_NN may_VM apply_VVI to_II terrestrial_JJ environments_NN2 and_CC may_VM explain_VVI the_AT evolution_NN1 of_IO animal_NN1 endotherms_NN2 and_CC their_APPGE high_JJ modes_NN2 of_IO energy_NN1 demand_NN1 (_( Prtner_NP1 2004_MC ;_; Clarke_NP1 and_CC Prtner_NP1 2010_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
Also_RR ,_, the_AT outcome_NN1 of_IO management_NN1 interventions_NN2 to_TO control_VVI disease_NN1 in_II wildlife_NN1 populations_NN2 may_VM be_VBI complex_JJ and_CC counter-intuitive_JJ ._. 
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<s>
Similarly_RR ,_, protein_NN1 binding_VVG properties_NN2 depend_VV0 on_II the_AT material_NN1 structure_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Interestingly_RR ,_, its_APPGE effect_NN1 on_II Dsh_NP1 levels_NN2 and_CC associated_JJ cellular_JJ polarity_NN1 and_CC PCP_NP1 patterning_NN1 is_VBZ indirect_JJ and_CC mediated_VVD by_II the_AT Nek2_FO kinase_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Each_DD1 pup_NN1 from_II a_AT1 litter_NN1 was_VBDZ consecutively_RR tested_VVN for_IF its_APPGE responsiveness_NN1 to_II odorants_NN2 E_ZZ1 and_CC L_ZZ1 (_( intertrial_JJ interval_NN1 :_: 120s_MC2 )_) ._. 
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<s>
Plants_NN2 were_VBDR harvested_VVN at_II 30_MC or_CC 28_MC days_NNT2 post-inoculation_JJ with_IW G.intraradices_NP1 or_CC G._NP1 versiforme_NN1 ,_, respectively_RR ._. 
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<s>
Turbulence_NN1 hinders_VVZ the_AT ability_NN1 of_IO some_DD flow-sensitive_JJ invertebrates_NN2 to_TO detect_VVI the_AT flow_NN1 of_IO predatory_JJ fishes_NN2 (_( Gilbert_NP1 and_CC Buskey_NP1 2005_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT understanding_NN1 that_CST biological_JJ systems_NN2 can_VM be_VBI represented_VVN as_CSA networks_NN2 has_VHZ led_VVN to_II a_AT1 surge_NN1 of_IO interest_NN1 in_II applying_VVG graph_NN1 theory_NN1 approaches_VVZ to_TO analyze_VVI the_AT topology_NN1 of_IO these_DD2 networks_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT birds_NN2 were_VBDR provided_VVN ad_NN1 libitum_NN1 with_IW water_NN1 ,_, seed_NN1 mix_NN1 ,_, fly_VV0 maggots_NN2 ,_, vitamins_NN2 ,_, powdered_JJ calcium_NN1 ,_, mineral_NN1 salts_NN2 ,_, apple_NN1 ,_, lettuce_NN1 and_CC nestling_VVG food_NN1 (_( more_DAR details_NN2 in_II Moreno-Rueda_NP1 and_CC Soler_NP1 2002_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
However_RR ,_, the_AT p53_FO density_NN1 appears_VVZ to_TO overlap_VVI with_IW DNA_NN1 in_II this_DD1 region_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Data_NN for_IF the_AT dependent_JJ variable_NN1 was_VBDZ drawn_VVN from_II a_AT1 standard_JJ normal_JJ distribution_NN1 (_( =0_FO and_CC =1_FO )_) ._. 
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<s>
One_MC1 such_DA disincentive_NN1 may_VM be_VBI the_AT closure_NN1 of_IO spring_NN1 harvest_NN1 of_IO Ross_NP1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 geese_NN2 in_II Prairie_NN1 Canada_NP1 because_II21 of_II22 a_AT1 judicial_JJ decision_NN1 following_VVG a_AT1 court_NN1 challenge_NN1 to_II initial_JJ proposals_NN2 by_II Canadian_JJ Wildlife_NN1 Service_NN1 for_IF spring_NN1 harvest_NN1 of_IO light_JJ geese_NN2 in_II Prairie_NN1 Canada_NP1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT type_NN1 and_CC the_AT degree_NN1 of_IO reconstruction_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 surface_NN1 is_VBZ determined_VVN by_II environmental_JJ conditions_NN2 ,_, such_II21 as_II22 temperature_NN1 and_CC pressure_NN1 (_( Somorjai_NP1 &;_NULL Li_NP1 ,_, 2011_MC )_) ,_, as_II31 well_II32 as_II33 the_AT structure_NN1 of_IO the_AT material_NN1 and_CC may_VM be_VBI affected_VVN by_II adsorbing_VVG molecules_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
One_MC1 of_IO these_DD2 works_NN ,_, "_" An_AT1 Atlas_NN1 of_IO Plant_NN1 Structure_NN1 "_" in_II two_MC volumes_NN2 by_II Bracegirdle_NP1 and_CC Miles_NP1 has_VHZ been_VBN out_II21 of_II22 print_NN1 for_IF many_DA2 years_NNT2 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT role_NN1 of_IO stem_NN1 cells_NN2 in_II the_AT tissue_NN1 regeneration_NN1 is_VBZ an_AT1 important_JJ issue_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT remaining_JJ two_MC species_NN ,_, M._NN1 vocator_NN1 and_CC M._NN1 victoriana_NN1 ,_, appear_VV0 to_TO prefer_VVI oligoto_NN1 mesohaline_NN1 habitats_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Thus_RR ,_, inflammatory_JJ pathways_NN2 that_CST are_VBR linked_VVN to_II the_AT UPR_NN1 and_CC metabolic_JJ disease_NN1 are_VBR also_RR linked_VVN to_II autophagy_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
On_II trials_NN2 when_RRQ the_AT curtain_NN1 was_VBDZ positioned_VVN behind_II E1_FO ,_, moving_VVG the_AT curtain_NN1 had_VHD no_AT effect_NN1 on_II E1_FO '_NULL s_ZZ1 visual_JJ perspective_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Interestingly_RR ,_, loss_NN1 of_IO ATF6a_FO or_CC p58IPK_FO also_RR resulted_VVN in_II hepatic_JJ steatosis_NN1 (_( Rutkowski_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2008_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
This_DD1 book_NN1 should_VM be_VBI in_II the_AT front_JJ line_NN1 of_IO any_DD departmental_JJ book_NN1 shelf_NN1 for_IF the_AT reasons_NN2 mentioned_VVN above_RL and_CC prove_VV0 to_TO be_VBI a_AT1 useful_JJ resource_NN1 for_IF managing_VVG neonatal_JJ infections_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT differences_NN2 in_II bacterium_NN1 populations_NN2 in_II the_AT mycorrhizal_NN1 and_CC non-mycorrhizal_JJ plants_NN2 were_VBDR significant_JJ at_RR21 all_RR22 three_MC time_NNT1 points_NN2 (_( P_ZZ1 <_FO 0.05_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Full_JJ Text_NN1 via_II CrossRef_NP1 |_NULL View_NN1 Record_NN1 in_II Scopus_NP1 |_NULL Cited_VVD By_II in_II Scopus_NP1 (_( 119_MC )_) &lsqb;_( 36_MC &rsqb;_) ,_, and_CC films_NN2 &lsqb;_( 37_MC &rsqb;_) ,_, &lsqb;_( 38_MC &rsqb;_) ,_, &lsqb;_( 39_MC &rsqb;_) and_CC &lsqb;_( 40_MC &rsqb;_) ,_, have_VH0 been_VBN developed_VVN from_II synthetic_JJ block_NN1 copolymers_NN2 for_IF the_AT purpose_NN1 of_IO local_JJ and_CC controlled_JJ delivery_NN1 of_IO bioactive_JJ molecules_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
For_REX21 example_REX22 ,_, supplements_NN2 which_DDQ increase_VV0 the_AT availability_NN1 of_IO N_ZZ1 from_II high-tannin_JJ browses_NN2 can_VM increase_VVI the_AT selection_NN1 of_IO browse_NN1 by_II grazing_JJ goats_NN2 (_( &lsqb;_( Titus_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2001_MC &rsqb;_) ,_, &lsqb;_( Landau_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2002_MC &rsqb;_) and_CC &lsqb;_( Decandia_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2008_MC &rsqb;_) )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Social_JJ jet_NN1 lag_NN1 describes_VVZ the_AT differences_NN2 that_CST arise_VV0 between_II an_AT1 individual_JJ '_NULL s_ZZ1 circadian_JJ clock_NN1 and_CC his_APPGE or_CC her_APPGE social_JJ clock_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Wolves_NN2 are_VBR prone_JJ to_II inbreeding_NN1 depression_NN1 (_( Liberg_NP1 etal_JJ ._. 
</s>
<s>
He_PPHS1 was_VBDZ so_RG effective_JJ that_CST in_II 1931_MC he_PPHS1 was_VBDZ made_VVN a_AT1 Knight_NN1 Commander_NN1 of_IO the_AT British_JJ Empire_NN1 (_( KBE_NP1 )_) for_IF his_APPGE contributions_NN2 to_II science_NN1 ,_, and_CC in_II 1933_MC he_PPHS1 was_VBDZ made_VVN FRS_NNU under_II Statute_NN1 12_MC for_IF those_DD2 who_PNQS have_VH0 "_" rendered_VVN conspicuous_JJ service_NN1 to_II the_AT cause_NN1 of_IO science_NN1 ._. "_" 
</s>
<s>
These_DD2 results_NN2 suggest_VV0 that_CST in_II utilizing_VVG Social_JJ Marketing_NN1 Theory_NN1 principles_NN2 ,_, CVD_NP1 diet-education_JJ materials_NN2 can_VM lead_VVI to_II improved_JJ dietary_JJ status_NN1 among_II community-residing_JJ older_JJR women_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Sorich_VV0 et_RA21 al_RA22 ._. 
</s>
<s>
(_( 2006_MC )_) and_CC Peng_NP1 et_RA21 al_RA22 ._. 
</s>
<s>
(_( 2014_MC )_) reported_JJ SOM_NNU1 prediction_NN1 models_NN2 for_IF UDP-glucuronosyl_JJ transferases_NN2 (_( UGTs_NP2 )_) ,_, and_CC the_AT Substrate_NN1 Product_NN1 Occurrence_NN1 Ratio_NN1 Calculator_NN1 (_( Boyer_NP1 et_RA21 al_RA22 ._. 
</s>
<s>
2007_MC )_) ,_, MetaPrint2D_FO (_( Adams_NP1 ,_, 2010_MC )_) and_CC Fast_JJ Metabolizer_NN1 (_( Kirchmair_NP1 et_RA21 al_RA22 ._. 
</s>
<s>
2013_MC )_) were_VBDR developed_VVN for_IF the_AT SOM_NNU1 prediction_NN1 of_IO global_JJ metabolism_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
We_PPIS2 asked_VVD four_MC stem_NN1 cell_NN1 scientists_NN2 who_PNQS recently_RR started_VVD their_APPGE labs_NN2 or_CC expanded_VVD their_APPGE research_NN1 programs_NN2 to_TO share_VVI their_APPGE insights_NN2 and_CC approaches_VVZ to_II obtaining_VVG funding_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Rossignol_NP1 and_CC coworkers_NN2 (_( 158_MC )_) demonstrated_VVD that_CST not_XX all_DB CoQ_VV0 in_II the_AT IMM_NP1 is_VBZ equally_RR available_JJ for_IF succinate-dependent_JJ respiration_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Thus_RR ,_, the_AT SpV_NP1 and_CC PrVv_NP1 are_VBR very_RG likely_JJ to_TO be_VBI involved_JJ in_II magnetoreception_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Genetic_JJ loss-and_CC gain-of-function_JJ studies_NN2 in_II mice_NN2 using_VVG global_JJ or_CC conditional_JJ gene_NN1 deletion_NN1 and_CC transgenic_JJ overexpression_NN1 have_VH0 also_RR been_VBN instrumental_JJ for_IF understanding_VVG FGF21_FO biology_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
This_DD1 phenomenon_NN1 is_VBZ amplified_VVN if_CS the_AT pedestrian_NN1 walks_VVZ in_II a_AT1 dense_JJ crowd_NN1 ,_, since_CS the_AT synchronisation_NN1 among_II pedestrians_NN2 (_( Section_NN1 2.2_MC )_) can_VM trigger_VVI or_CC increase_VVI the_AT effects_NN2 of_IO the_AT pedestrian-structure_JJ synchronisation_NN1 &lsqb;_( 59,60_MC &rsqb;_) ._. 
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<s>
Yet_RR ,_, the_AT estimation_NN1 of_IO parameters_NN2 in_II the_AT FvCB_NP1 model_NN1 can_VM be_VBI rather_RG difficult_JJ and_CC uncertain_JJ ._. 
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<s>
This_DD1 article_NN1 aims_VVZ to_TO systematically_RR review_VVI the_AT recent_JJ advance_NN1 with_II31 respect_II32 to_II33 alignment_NN1 algorithms_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Next_MD ,_, samples_VVZ that_CST initially_RR failed_VVN to_TO amplify_VVI at_II 1-3_MCMC loci_NN2 were_VBDR analyzed_VVN again_RT until_CS a_AT1 complete_JJ genotype_NN1 for_IF all_DB 7_MC loci_NN2 was_VBDZ produced_VVN ,_, discarding_VVG any_DD samples_NN2 that_CST still_RR had_VHN missing_JJ data_NN at_II any_DD of_IO the_AT 7_MC loci_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
It_PPH1 is_VBZ difficult_JJ to_TO cover_VVI such_DA a_AT1 long_JJ story_NN1 ,_, from_II the_AT beginnings_NN2 of_IO genetics_NN1 to_II the_AT human_JJ genome_NN1 sequence_NN1 in_II 150_MC pages_NN2 ,_, and_CC ,_, inevitably_RR ,_, there_EX are_VBR sections_NN2 where_RRQ the_AT accounts_NN2 are_VBR sketchy_JJ and_CC ,_, on_II occasion_NN1 ,_, inaccurate_JJ ._. 
</s>
<s>
Subdominants_NN2 were_VBDR Nitokra_NP1 lacustris_NN1 (_( Shmankevich_NP1 ,_, 1875_MC )_) and_CC Limnocletodes_VVZ behningi_NN2 Borutsky_NP1 ,_, 1926_MC ._. 
</s>
<s>
These_DD2 reasons_NN2 ,_, and_CC the_AT fact_NN1 that_CST the_AT respiratory_JJ tract_NN1 is_VBZ an_AT1 accessible_JJ tissue_NN1 ,_, make_VV0 the_AT airway_NN1 epithelium_NN1 an_AT1 attractive_JJ tissue_NN1 for_IF exploring_VVG RNAi_JJ therapies_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
GRA16_FO is_VBZ a_AT1 protein_NN1 predicted_VVN to_TO be_VBI highly_RR disordered_JJ ._. 
</s>
<s>
Certainly_RR ,_, the_AT characterization_NN1 of_IO GSNO_NP1 reductase_NN1 (_( GSNOR_NP1 )_) mutants_NN2 ,_, atgsnor1-1_MC1 and_CC atsgnor1-3_MC ,_, with_IW altered_JJ levels_NN2 of_IO S-nitrosothiols_NN2 (_( Feechan_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2005_MC )_) is_VBZ the_AT most_RGT suitable_JJ genetic_JJ tool_NN1 that_CST could_VM strongly_RR complement_VVI our_APPGE chemical_JJ approach_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT crypts_NN2 were_VBDR embedded_VVN in_II 50_MC ml_NNU of_IO growth_NN1 factor_NN1 reduced_VVD matrigel_NN1 (_( Corning_NP1 )_) and_CC overloaded_VVN with_IW 500_MC ml_NNU of_IO crypts_NN2 medium_NN1 (_( CM_NNU )_) as_CSA previously_RR described_VVN (_( Sato_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2009_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Mesoscale_NN1 circulation_NN1 is_VBZ dominated_VVN by_II the_AT North_ND1 Current_JJ (_( NC_NP1 )_) which_DDQ is_VBZ mainly_RR forced_VVN by_II the_AT entrance_NN1 of_IO Atlantic_NP1 Water_NN1 (_( AW_UH )_) into_II the_AT Mediterranean_JJ through_II the_AT Gibraltar_NP1 Strait_NN1 and_CC extending_VVG from_II the_AT surface_NN1 down_RP to_II 100-200_MCMC m_NNU depth_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
To_TO further_RRR characterize_VVI the_AT sedimentary_JJ milieu_NN1 around_II the_AT artificial_JJ food-falls_NN2 ,_, we_PPIS2 conducted_VVD in_RR21 situ_RR22 microprofiler_JJR measurements_NN2 beneath_II the_AT carcasses_NN2 (_( after_II removing_VVG them_PPHO2 from_II the_AT deployment_NN1 position_NN1 )_) and_CC in_II the_AT vicinity_NN1 of_IO the_AT carcasses_NN2 using_VVG a_AT1 ROV_NP1 handled_VVD autonomous_JJ microprofiler_NN1 unit_NN1 (_( De_NP1 Beer_NN1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2006_MC )_) carrying_VVG Clarke_NP1 type_NN1 microsensors_NN2 (_( Unisense_NP1 A/S_ZZ1 ,_, Denmark_NP1 )_) with_IW 15_MC pm_RA tip_VV0 diameter_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT individual_NN1 was_VBDZ then_RT given_VVN a_AT1 five-minute_JJ acclimation_NN1 period_NN1 behind_II the_AT partition_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
A_AT1 peptide_NN1 inhibitor_NN1 of_IO c-Myc_JJ function_NN1 was_VBDZ first_MD discovered_VVD by_II Draeger_NP1 and_CC Mullen_NP1 &lsqb;_( 64_MC &rsqb;_) ,_, who_PNQS screened_VVD peptides_NN2 derived_VVN from_II the_AT and_CC leucine_NN1 zipper_NN1 domains_NN2 of_IO c-Myc_NP1 and_CC Max_NP1 for_IF their_APPGE ability_NN1 to_TO inhibit_VVI c-Myc_JJ binding_NN1 to_II DNA_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
As_CSA mentioned_VVN above_RL ,_, FTY720-P_NP1 induces_VVZ of_IO S1P1_FO in_II lymphocytes_NN2 and_CC thereby_RR inhibits_VVZ lymphocyte_NN1 egress_NN1 (_( 89_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
Because_CS computational_JJ metagenomics_NN1 is_VBZ changing_VVG rapidly_RR ,_, we_PPIS2 call_VV0 upon_II the_AT readers_NN2 of_IO this_DD1 article_NN1 who_PNQS are_VBR knowledgeable_JJ in_II the_AT subject_NN1 to_II use_NN1 the_AT comment_NN1 section_NN1 of_IO PLoS_NP2 Computational_JJ Biology_NN1 to_TO provide_VVI updated_JJ information_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Thus_RR ,_, the_AT great_JJ value_NN1 of_IO the_AT clock_NN1 is_VBZ not_XX that_CST it_PPH1 gives_VVZ the_AT right_JJ dates_NN2 (_( they_PPHS2 are_VBR still_RR based_VVN on_II fossils_NN2 )_) but_CCB that_CST it_PPH1 shows_VVZ the_AT fossil_NN1 record_NN1 ,_, as_CSA an_AT1 indication_NN1 of_IO evolutionary_JJ dates_NN2 ,_, could_VM be_VBI wrong_JJ by_II tens_MC2 of_IO millions_NNO2 of_IO years_NNT2 ._. 
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<s>
X._NP1 H._NP1 and_CC J._NP1 Z._NP1 conceived_VVD the_AT study_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Populations_NN2 used_VVN in_II crosses_NN2 for_IF this_DD1 experiment_NN1 were_VBDR collected_VVN in_II the_AT summer_NNT1 of_IO 2005_MC &lsqb;_( 38_MC &rsqb;_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
This_DD1 chapter_NN1 begins_VVZ by_II explaining_VVG the_AT '_NULL bread_NN1 and_CC butter_NN1 '_NULL experiment_NN1 of_IO protein_NN1 folding_NN1 ,_, the_AT chevron_NN1 plot_NN1 (_( i._MC e._ZZ1 a_AT1 graph_NN1 of_IO the_AT logarithm_NN1 of_IO the_AT folding-unfolding_JJ rate_NN1 constant_NN1 measured_VVN as_II a_AT1 function_NN1 of_IO denaturant_JJ concentration_NN1 )_) ._. 
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<s>
The_AT editors_NN2 '_NULL choices_NN2 include_VV0 some_DD of_IO the_AT standards_NN2 in_II this_DD1 area-yeast_NN1 ,_, epithelia_NN1 ,_, neurons_NN2 ,_, and_CC cultured_JJ fibroblasts-along_NN2 with_IW two_MC systems-the_AT early_JJ mouse_NN1 embryo_NN1 and_CC skeletal_JJ muscle-less_RGR frequently_RR discussed_VVN in_II this_DD1 context_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
A_AT1 direct_JJ comparison_NN1 between_II 18F-FDG-PET_NN1 and_CC CASL_VV0 spatial_JJ covariance_NN1 patterns_NN2 in_II PD_NP1 observed_VVD good_JJ overlap_NN1 (_( Ma_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2010a_FO ;_; Teune_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2014_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
Li_NP1 et_RA21 al_RA22 ._. 
</s>
<s>
(_( 2016_MC )_) found_VVD that_CST decreasing_JJ JAK/_NN1 Stat_NN1 signaling_VVG ,_, and_CC thus_RR preserving_JJ compartmentaliza-tion_NN1 ,_, extended_VVD axenic_JJ fly_NN1 life-span_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Discontinuous_JJ silencing_NN1 might_VM reflect_VVI looping_VVG interactions_NN2 ,_, whereas_CS the_AT spreading_NN1 of_IO continuous_JJ silencing_NN1 might_VM be_VBI driven_VVN by_II the_AT processive_JJ movement_NN1 of_IO RNA_NN1 or_CC DNA_NN1 polymerases_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT specific_JJ point_NN1 mutations_NN2 associated_VVN with_IW tumorigenesis_NN1 ,_, however_RR ,_, confer_VV0 increased_JJ stability_NN1 on_II the_AT protein_NN1 and_CC enable_VV0 detection_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Green_NN1 and_CC his_APPGE colleagues_NN2 continued_VVD to_TO improve_VVI upon_II the_AT culture_NN1 conditions_NN2 (_( reviewed_VVN by_II Green_JJ ,_, 1991_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
As_CSA digestion_NN1 proceeds_NN2 ,_, nutrients_NN2 and_CC acid_NN1 enter_VV0 the_AT gastric_JJ antrum_NN1 ,_, where_CS they_PPHS2 make_VV0 contact_NN1 with_IW open-type_JJ EECs_NP2 ,_, including_II those_DD2 producing_VVG gastrin_NN1 and_CC SST_NP1 ,_, enabling_VVG gastric_JJ acid_NN1 and_CC enzyme_NN1 secretion_NN1 to_TO be_VBI linked_VVN to_II the_AT load_NN1 of_IO ingested_JJ food_NN1 via_II the_AT enteroendocrine_JJ system_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
In_II other_JJ words_NN2 ,_, this_DD1 volume_NN1 presents_VVZ some_DD new_JJ perspectives_NN2 on_II particular_JJ issues_NN2 ,_, important_JJ when_CS genetic_JJ technology_NN1 and_CC statistical_JJ analysis_NN1 are_VBR changing_VVG as_RG fast_RR as_CSA they_PPHS2 are_VBR now_RT ._. 
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<s>
Interference_NN1 is_VBZ a_AT1 mechanism_NN1 by_II which_DDQ iridescent_JJ coloration_NN1 is_VBZ produced_VVN ._. 
</s>
<s>
To_TO address_VVI this_DD1 we_PPIS2 analysed_VVD individual_JJ ecdfs_NN2 calculated_VVN from_II six_MC separate_JJ images_NN2 taken_VVN for_IF the_AT same_DA strain_NN1 at_II a_AT1 defined_JJ culture_NN1 age_NN1 and_CC tested_VVN at_II whether_CSW sample-to-sample_JJ variability_NN1 can_VM be_VBI regarded_VVN as_CSA random_JJ or_CC otherwise_RR ._. 
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<s>
These_DD2 breaks_NN2 can_VM be_VBI correlated_VVN with_IW geological_JJ history_NN1 and_CC the_AT radiometric_JJ techniques_NN2 used_VVN to_II date_NN1 tectonic_JJ events_NN2 are_VBR much_RR more_RGR reliable_JJ than_CSN fossil-calibrated_JJ molecular_JJ clocks_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Msaouel_VV0 et_RA21 al_RA22 ._. 
</s>
<s>
(_( 127_MC )_) reported_VVD a_AT1 correlation_NN1 between_II NIS_NP1 expression_NN1 with_IW I._NP1 accumulation_NN1 and_CC cell_NN1 death_NN1 in_II nude_JJ mice_NN2 injected_VVN with_IW LNCaP_NN1 cells_NN2 (_( a_AT1 prostate_NN1 cancer_NN1 cell_NN1 line_NN1 )_) that_CST were_VBDR infected_VVN with_IW an_AT1 MV_NNU carryingNIS_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Most_DAT of_IO the_AT age-related_NN1 or_CC sex-specific_JJ changes_NN2 in_II circadian_JJ phase_NN1 described_VVN in_II laboratory_NN1 animals_NN2 also_RR do_VD0 not_XX correspond_VVI to_II changes_NN2 in_II intrinsic_JJ period_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
If_CS there_EX are_VBR indeed_RR substantial_JJ net_JJ benefits_NN2 to_TO be_VBI gained_VVN from_II embryo_NN1 modificationwhich_NN1 remains_VVZ to_TO be_VBI seen-then_JJ the_AT citizens_NN2 of_IO non-permissive_JJ societies_NN2 will_VM be_VBI disadvantaged_JJ ._. 
</s>
<s>
Aliquots_NN2 (_( 15_MC ml_NNU )_) of_IO filtrate_NN1 were_VBDR stored_VVN frozen_JJ for_IF DIN_NN1 and_CC were_VBDR subsequently_RR analyzed_VVN using_VVG Lachat_NN1 flow_NN1 injection_NN1 instrumentation_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Precisely_RR how_RRQ transcription_NN1 affects_VVZ the_AT nucleotide_NN1 pool_NN1 remains_VVZ to_TO be_VBI answered_VVN ._. 
</s>
<s>
Complex_JJ intentional_JJ and_CC automatic_JJ movement_NN1 control_NN1 is_VBZ often_RR modeled_VVN as_II the_AT summation_NN1 of_IO simple_JJ motor_NN1 primitives_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
They_PPHS2 were_VBDR housed_VVN indoors_RL ,_, at_II a_AT1 temperature_NN1 of_IO 17_MC 1_MC1 C_ZZ1 and_CC ,_, to_TO conduct_VVI all_DB tests_NN2 within_II the_AT captive_JJ period_NN1 while_CS standardizing_VVG captive_JJ conditions_NN2 across_II birds_NN2 ,_, we_PPIS2 used_VVD a_AT1 longer_JJR than_CSN natural_JJ 12:12_MC h_ZZ1 light_JJ :_: dark_JJ regime_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Revisions_NN2 of_IO both_DB2 books_NN2 would_VM benefit_VVI from_II converging_VVG toward_II this_DD1 middle_JJ ground_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
We_PPIS2 then_RT used_JJ Gap_NN1 Light_NN1 Analyzer_NN1 20_MC (_( Frazer_NP1 ,_, Canham_NP1 &;_NULL Lertzman_NP1 1999_MC )_) to_TO quantify_VVI the_AT percentage_NN1 canopy_NN1 cover_NN1 within_II each_DD1 photograph_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Capillary_JJ RT-PCR_JJ analysis_NN1 revealed_VVD that_CST 30_MC of_IO the_AT 34_MC proteins_NN2 analysed_VVD using_VVG the_AT ppH_NNU assay_NN1 are_VBR expressed_VVN in_II NIH-3T3_JJ fibroblasts_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
We_PPIS2 estimated_VVD relative_JJ disturbance_NN1 intensity_NN1 during_II the_AT September_NPM1 2013_MC flood_NN1 event_NN1 at_II each_DD1 stream_NN1 using_VVG an_AT1 indirect_JJ method_NN1 ,_, because_CS no_AT stream_NN1 flow_NN1 gauging_VVG data_NN were_VBDR available_JJ for_IF our_APPGE streams_NN2 ,_, which_DDQ are_VBR smaller_JJR ungaged_JJ tributaries_NN2 of_IO the_AT larger_JJR rivers_NN2 shown_VVN in_II Figure_NN1 1_MC1 ._. 
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<s>
Approximately_RR 30%_NNU of_IO the_AT population_NN1 decline_NN1 was_VBDZ due_II21 to_II22 sources_NN2 other_II21 than_II22 legal_JJ harvest_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Overall_RR ,_, differences_NN2 in_II tolerance_NN1 measured_VVN in_II laboratory_NN1 assays_NN2 can_VM in_II turn_VVI translate_VV0 into_II enormous_JJ differences_NN2 in_II top-down_JJ effects_NN2 in_II the_AT field_NN1 (_( Chislock_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2013a_FO )_) ._. 
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<s>
This_DD1 is_VBZ probably_RR followed_VVN by_II conformational_JJ change_NN1 in_II the_AT TM_NP1 helices_VVZ to_TO open_VVI the_AT pore_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
But_CCB ,_, understanding_VVG the_AT origin_NN1 of_IO life_NN1 on_II Earth_NN1 will_VM not_XX come_VVI from_II stories_NN2 depicted_VVN on_II those_DD2 rugs_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Chlorophyll_NN1 a_AT1 (_( Chl_NP1 a_AT1 pg/g_FU )_) and_CC chlorophyll_NN1 degradation_NN1 products_NN2 (_( phaeo_NN1 )_) in_II the_AT sediment_NN1 were_VBDR measured_VVN with_IW an_AT1 Ultra_RR Performance_NN1 Liquid_NN1 Chromatography_NN1 after_II lyophilisation_NN1 ,_, homogenization_NN1 and_CC extraction_NN1 in_II 4_MC ml_NNU 90%_NNU acetone_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Each_DD1 cage_NN1 contained_VVD six_MC perches_NN2 ,_, three_MC in_II each_DD1 half_NN1 ,_, that_CST were_VBDR covered_VVN with_IW plastic_NN1 plant_NN1 vines_NN2 to_TO increase_VVI habitat_NN1 complexity_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Therefore_RR ,_, none_PN of_IO the_AT factors_NN2 (_( changing_VVG atmospheric_JJ d13CO2_FO or_CC Ci/Ca_NP1 )_) that_CST influence_VV0 stable_JJ carbon_NN1 isotope_NN1 ratios_NN2 between_II atmospheric_JJ d13CO2_FO and_CC d13C_FO of_IO leaf_NN1 assimilates_VVZ can_VM be_VBI considered_VVN responsible_JJ for_IF the_AT specific_JJ tri-phase_JJ isotopic_JJ pattern_NN1 found_VVN in_II structural_JJ carbohydrates_NN2 of_IO buds_NN2 ,_, leaves_NN2 and_CC rings_NN2 of_IO broad-leaf_JJ deciduous_JJ trees_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
For_REX21 instance_REX22 ,_, as_CSA in_II ribosome_JJ biogenesis_NN1 ,_, small_JJ proteinaceous_JJ subcomplexes_NN2 of_IO AFs_NP2 are_VBR sequentially_RR recruited_VVN to_II nascent_JJ precursor_NN1 RNPs_NP1 ;_; subsequently_RR ,_, there_EX is_VBZ a_AT1 progressive_JJ loss_NN1 of_IO associated_JJ factors_NN2 ,_, and_CC there_EX are_VBR checkpoints_NN2 or_CC '_NULL delays_NN2 '_NULL regulating_VVG catalytic_JJ activation_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
In_II male_JJ rats_NN2 ,_, endogenous_JJ release_NN1 of_IO VP_NP1 during_II aggressive_JJ encounters_NN2 simultaneously_RR increases_VVZ and_CC decreases_VVZ in_II different_JJ brain_NN1 areas_NN2 ,_, with_IW the_AT release_NN1 patterns_NN2 reflecting_VVG phenotypic_JJ differences_NN2 in_II aggression_NN1 &lsqb;_( 30_MC &rsqb;_) ._. 
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<s>
CNV_NP1 intolerance_NN1 scores_NN2 were_VBDR also_RR associated_VVN with_IW an_AT1 independent_JJ measure_NN1 of_IO evolutionary_JJ constraint_NN1 ,_, GERP30_FO ._. 
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<s>
Four_MC long_JJ chapters_NN2 of_IO molecular_JJ biology_NN1 of_IO the_AT photosynthetic_JJ apparatus_NN1 are_VBR contained_VVN in_II the_AT parts_NN2 on_II the_AT chloroplast_NN1 genome_NN1 and_CC the_AT nuclear_JJ genome_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
After_II 10–14_MCMC days_NNT2 ,_, cells_NN2 were_VBDR stained_VVN with_IW Giemsa_NP1 and_CC adherent_NN1 colonies_NN2 were_VBDR counted_VVN ._. 
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<s>
Yet_RR another_DD1 largescale_NN1 study_NN1 used_JJ parameters_NN2 from_II experimental_JJ analyses_NN2 to_TO model_VVI DNA_NN1 compaction_NN1 with_IW condensin_NN1 as_II the_AT loop-extruding_NN1 factor34_FO ._. 
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<s>
In_BCL21 order_BCL22 to_TO study_VVI the_AT effects_NN2 of_IO police_NN2 intervention_NN1 ,_, the_AT crime_NN1 rate_NN1 ?_AT1 ??A_FO in_II Eq_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
(_( 5_MC )_) is_VBZ set_VVN to_TO zero_VVI at_II given_JJ hotspot_NN1 locations_NN2 and_CC for_IF a_AT1 given_JJ time_NNT1 frame_NN1 &lsqb;_( 14_MC &rsqb;_) ._. 
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<s>
There_EX are_VBR at_RR21 least_RR22 two_MC sources_NN2 of_IO comfort_NN1 though_RR ._. 
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<s>
The_AT MSV_NP1 filter_NN1 is_VBZ a_AT1 heuristic_JJ acceleration_NN1 ,_, not_XX guaranteed_VVN to_TO find_VVI all_DB highscoring_VVG targets_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
This_DD1 research_NN1 adhered_VVN to_II the_AT legal_JJ requirements_NN2 of_IO Spain_NP1 and_CC all_DB institutional_JJ guidelines_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Work_VV0 in_II several_DA2 tumor_NN1 types_NN2 has_VHZ shown_VVN that_CST cells_NN2 with_IW stem_NN1 cell_NN1 properties_NN2 are_VBR equipped_VVN with_IW innate_JJ machinery_NN1 that_CST protects_VVZ them_PPHO2 from_II radiation_NN1 and_CC chemotherapy_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
This_DD1 finding_NN1 suggests_VVZ that_DD1 leptin_NN1 mediates_VVZ important_JJ melanocortin-independent_JJ effects_NN2 and/or_CC may_VM control_VVI POMC_NP1 and_CC AgRP_VV0 neurons_NN2 by_II additional_JJ indirect_JJ mechanisms_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Conversely_RR ,_, if_CS the_AT remaining_JJ habitat_NN1 is_VBZ of_IO higher_JJR average_JJ quality_NN1 than_CSN before_RT ,_, then_RT proportionally_RR more_DAR individuals_NN2 may_VM experience_VVI a_AT1 positive_JJ COE_NP1 and_CC ,_, in_II this_DD1 way_NN1 ,_, have_VH0 the_AT opposite_JJ effect_NN1 to_II the_AT seasonal_JJ compensation_NN1 phenomenon_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
In_II contrast_NN1 ,_, both_RR red_JJ fox_NN1 and_CC bobcats_NN2 had_VHD a_AT1 greater_JJR fraction_NN1 of_IO their_APPGE photographs_NN2 at_II night_NNT1 in_RR21 camera_RR22 clusters_NN2 with_IW frequent_JJ nocturnal_JJ photographs_NN2 of_IO coyotes_NN2 (_( Table_NN1 13_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
Interestingly_RR ,_, NIX_NP1 has_VHZ been_VBN recently_RR reported_VVN to_TO promote_VVI parkin_NN1 translocation_NN1 and_CC parkin-mediated_JJ mitophagy_NN1 in_II mouse_NN1 embryonic_JJ fibroblasts48_FO ._. 
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<s>
The_AT underlying_JJ idea_NN1 is_VBZ that_CST non-DE_NP1 genes_NN2 should_VM have_VHI similar_JJ read_NN1 counts_VVZ across_II samples_NN2 ,_, leading_VVG to_II a_AT1 ratio_NN1 of_IO 1_MC1 ._. 
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<s>
Indeed_RR ,_, there_EX can_VM be_VBI no_AT doubt_NN1 that_CST EGT_NP1 should_VM be_VBI seen_VVN as_II a_AT1 type_NN1 of_IO "_" effective_JJ theory_NN1 "_" of_IO biological_JJ evolution_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Finally_RR ,_, in_II an_AT1 epilogue_NN1 on_II where_RRQ to_TO go_VVI next_MD ,_, the_AT editor_NN1 points_VVZ to_II the_AT importance_NN1 of_IO plant_NN1 evolutionary_JJ history_NN1 for_IF explaining_VVG modern_JJ biogeographical_JJ patterns_NN2 and_CC as_II a_AT1 framework_NN1 to_TO guide_VVI future_JJ research_NN1 and_CC conservation_JJ efforts_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Repeatability_NN1 of_IO the_AT observer_NN1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 assessments_NN2 was_VBDZ significant_JJ for_IF the_AT all_DB variables_NN2 (_( R=0.9_FO ,_, P<0.0001_FO )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
With_II31 regard_II32 to_II33 consent_NN1 ,_, one_MC1 suggestion_NN1 is_VBZ that_CST ,_, when_CS recontacted_VVN ,_, participants_NN2 should_VM be_VBI told_VVN that_CST the_AT follow-up_JJ study_NN1 is_VBZ genotype-driven_JJ and_CC what_DDQ that_DD1 means_VVZ ,_, what_DDQ the_AT genotype_NN1 and_CC biological_JJ pathway_NN1 of_IO interest_NN1 is_VBZ ,_, that_CST half_DB of_IO the_AT participants_NN2 are_VBR controls_NN2 with_IW no_AT particular_JJ genetic_JJ variation_NN1 ,_, and_CC that_CST an_AT1 invitation_NN1 to_TO participate_VVI is_VBZ not_XX contingent_JJ on_II the_AT presence_NN1 of_IO any_DD known_JJ phenotype_NN1 (_( 64_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Beach_NN1 litter_NN1 stimulates_VVZ concern_NN1 in_II users_NN2 of_IO beaches_NN2 ,_, reduces_VVZ their_APPGE amenity_NN1 value_NN1 (_( e.g._REX Hartley_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2018_MC )_) and_CC creates_VVZ economic_JJ costs_NN2 to_II coastal_JJ communities_NN2 who_PNQS manage_VV0 the_AT litter_NN1 (_( e.g._REX McIlgorm_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2011_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Because_CS many_DA2 of_IO the_AT latter_DA reside_VV0 on_II the_AT Y_NP1 chromosome_NN1 ,_, it_PPH1 would_VM be_VBI preferable_JJ to_TO build_VVI the_AT HLA_NP1 haplobank_NN1 from_II female_JJ donors_NN2 where_RRQ possible_JJ ,_, although_CS it_PPH1 should_VM be_VBI noted_VVN that_CST there_EX are_VBR potential_JJ problems_NN2 with_IW reactivation_NN1 of_IO the_AT X_ZZ1 chromosome_NN1 in_II some_DD iPSC_NN1 lines_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT song_NN1 system_NN1 consists_VVZ of_IO a_AT1 series_NN of_IO interconnected_JJ groups_NN2 of_IO cells_NN2 or_CC nuclei_NN2 that_CST control_VV0 the_AT acquisition_NN1 ,_, production_NN1 and_CC perception_NN1 of_IO song_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
By_II contrast_NN1 ,_, fer1-3-4_MC growth_NN1 was_VBDZ reduced_VVN ,_, probably_RR due_II21 to_II22 a_AT1 decrease_NN1 in_II CO2_FO fixation_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
This_DD1 is_VBZ in_II contrast_NN1 to_II data_NN on_II opsin_NN1 expression_NN1 from_II other_JJ systems_NN2 ,_, in_II which_DDQ opsins_NN2 have_VH0 been_VBN shown_VVN to_TO be_VBI expressed_VVN in_II differentiated_JJ neurons_NN2 ._. 
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The_AT dramatic_JJ inter-annual_JJ changes_NN2 in_II the_AT harpacticoid_JJ communities_NN2 in_II the_AT studied_JJ area_NN1 are_VBR conditioned_VVN by_II winter_NNT1 frosts_NN2 ,_, which_DDQ occur_VV0 at_II intervals_NN2 of_IO several_DA2 years_NNT2 (_( World_NN1 Climate_NN1 ,_, 2010_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
Therefore_RR ,_, the_AT positive-feedback_JJ loop_NN1 by_II which_DDQ glycolysis_NN1 drives_VVZ IKK–NF-B_NP1 activation_NN1 may_VM have_VHI an_AT1 important_JJ role_NN1 in_II oncogenesis_NN1 ._. 
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As_CSA increased_JJ cell_NN1 death_NN1 accompanies_VVZ ischaemic_JJ conditions_NN2 ,_, such_II21 as_II22 stroke_NN1 ,_, cardiac_JJ infarction_NN1 and_CC traumatic_JJ brain_NN1 injury_NN1 ,_, and_CC inhibition_NN1 of_IO apoptosis_NN1 (_( for_REX21 example_REX22 ,_, by_II BCL-2_MC over-expression_NN1 )_) decreases_VVZ the_AT pathology207_FO ,_, drugs_NN2 that_CST inhibit_VV0 BAX_NN1 and/or_CC BAK_NP1 activation_NN1 could_VM potentially_RR moderate_VVI the_AT devastating_JJ consequences_NN2 ._. 
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Expression_NN1 of_IO most_DAT myokines_NN2 is_VBZ not_XX exclusive_JJ to_II skeletal_JJ muscle_NN1 ._. 
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However_RR ,_, the_AT strength_NN1 of_IO stabilizing_VVG selection_NN1 around_II the_AT optimum_JJ phenotype_NN1 c_ZZ1 may_VM depend_VVI on_II the_AT environment_NN1 (_( Figure_NN1 1_MC1 ,_, third_MD column_NN1 ,_, second_MD row_NN1 )_) ._. 
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Along_II the_AT same_DA lines_NN2 ,_, when_CS single_JJ cells_NN2 were_VBDR cloned_VVN from_II a_AT1 metastatic_JJ mouse_NN1 melanoma_NN1 cell_NN1 line_NN1 and_CC injected_VVN into_II syngeneic_JJ hosts_NN2 ,_, the_AT degree_NN1 of_IO metastasis_NN1 varied_VVD extensively_RR ,_, indicating_VVG that_DD1 diversity_NN1 existed_VVD within_II the_AT parental_JJ tumor_NN1 cells_NN2 enabling_VVG only_RR some_DD clones_NN2 to_TO metastasize_VVI (_( Fidler_NP1 and_CC Kripke_NP1 ,_, 1977_MC )_) ._. 
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The_AT telomere_NN1 is_VBZ sensed_VVN as_II a_AT1 strand_NN1 break_NN1 at_II a_AT1 critical_JJ telomere_NN1 length_NN1 or_CC structure_NN1 ,_, and_CC a_AT1 DDR_NP1 is_VBZ activated_VVN ._. 
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The_AT coverage_NN1 of_IO RNA-Seq_NP1 reads_VVZ can_VM visually_RR support_VVI (_( or_CC contradict_VV0 )_) predicted_VVD gene_NN1 models_NN2 ,_, particularly_RR intron/exon_NN1 boundaries_NN2 in_II eukaryotes_NN2 ._. 
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Transplantation_NN1 of_IO mouse_NN1 induced_VVD pluripotent_JJ stem_NN1 cell_NN1 (_( iPSC_NN1 )_) -derived_JJ nephrons_NN2 under_II the_AT renal_JJ capsule_NN1 showed_VVD evidence_NN1 of_IO glomerular_JJ vascularization_NN1 resulting_VVG in_II the_AT formation_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 urinary_JJ filtrate_NN1 (_( Sharmin_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2015_MC )_) ._. 
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Embryos_NN2 were_VBDR maintained_VVN in_II either_RR SU5402_FO or_CC DMSO_NN1 until_II 48_MC hpf_NNU ._. 
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<s>
Various_JJ biases_NN2 introduced_VVN through_II the_AT sample_NN1 preparation_NN1 process_NN1 ,_, as_II31 well_II32 as_II33 systematic_JJ effects_NN2 such_II21 as_II22 Poisson_NP1 sampling_NN1 ,_, must_VM be_VBI taken_VVN into_II account_NN1 when_CS counting_VVG the_AT mapped_JJ fragments_NN2 ._. 
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However_RR ,_, in_II the_AT presence_NN1 of_IO actin_NN1 ,_, additional_JJ factors_NN2 were_VBDR necessary_JJ to_TO prevent_VVI catastrophes_NN2 ,_, possibly_RR due_II21 to_II22 a_AT1 different_JJ biochemical_JJ environment_NN1 of_IO the_AT actin-rich_JJ cortex_NN1 or_CC higher_JJR forces_NN2 exerted_VVN at_II pseudopod_NN1 extremities_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
As_CSA merchants_NN2 "_" unroll_VV0 "_" rugs_NN2 depicting_VVG biblical_JJ stories_NN2 ,_, you_PPY will_VM be_VBI reminded_VVN that_DD1 "_" evolution_NN1 "_" means_VVZ "_" to_TO unroll_VVI ._. "_" 
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<s>
Sexual_JJ selection_NN1 ,_, in_II the_AT forms_NN2 of_IO both_DB2 intrasexual_JJ competition_NN1 and_CC intersexual_JJ selection_NN1 or_CC resistance_NN1 ,_, can_VM strongly_RR influence_VVI reproductive_JJ success_NN1 (_( Bateman1948_FO ;_; Andersson1994_FO ;_; Shuster_NP1 and_CC Wade2003_FO ;_; Arnqvist_JJ and_CC Rowe2005_FO )_) ._. 
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<s>
Since_CS the_AT assumption_NN1 of_IO normality_NN1 was_VBDZ not_XX met_VVN ,_, even_RR after_CS data_NN transformation_NN1 ,_, Permutational_JJ Analysis_NN1 of_IO Variance_NN1 (_( PERMANOVA_NP1 )_) with_IW Bray-Curtis_NP1 index_NN1 and_CC 999_MC permutations_NN2 was_VBDZ used_VVN to_TO test_VVI for_IF differences_NN2 in_II a_AT1 factorial_JJ design_NN1 with_IW main_JJ factors_NN2 :_: temperature_NN1 and_CC species_NN ._. 
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As_II a_AT1 consequence_NN1 ,_, it_PPH1 would_VM seem_VVI sensible_JJ to_TO combine_VVI these_DD2 ,_, or_CC just_RR include_VV0 one_MC1 or_CC the_AT other_JJ ._. 
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These_DD2 included_VVN several_DA2 known_JJ transcriptional_JJ repressors_NN2 ,_, including_II ID2_FO ,_, NAB2_FO ,_, FOSL1_FO ,_, and_CC JUNB_NP1 ,_, which_DDQ attenuate_VV0 EGF-driven_JJ transcription_NN1 (_( including_II that_DD1 driven_VVN by_II immediate_JJ early_JJ gene_NN1 products_NN2 )_) ._. 
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This_DD1 treatment_NN1 is_VBZ particularly_RR useful_JJ when_CS the_AT cost_NN1 function_NN1 changes_VVZ very_RG gradually_RR around_II the_AT minimum_NN1 or_CC when_CS the_AT landscape_NN1 of_IO the_AT cost_NN1 function_NN1 is_VBZ complicated_JJ ,_, which_DDQ could_VM occur_VVI when_CS no_UH or_CC too_RG few_DA2 RuBP_VV0 regeneration-limited_JJ points_NN2 are_VBR in_II the_AT data_NN set_VV0 ._. 
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Van_NP1 den_NP1 Bulck_NP1 measured_VVD the_AT amount_NN1 of_IO time_NNT1 that_CST adolescents_NN2 spent_VVD using_VVG the_AT internet_NN1 at_II any_DD time_NNT1 of_IO day_NNT1 &lsqb;_( 19_MC &rsqb;_) ,_, Oka_NP1 and_CC colleagues_NN2 categorized_VVD children_NN2 according_II21 to_II22 whether_CSW31 or_CSW32 not_CSW33 they_PPHS2 used_VVD the_AT internet_NN1 before_II bed_NN1 two_MC or_CC more_DAR times_NNT2 per_II week_NNT1 &lsqb;_( 17_MC &rsqb;_) ,_, while_CS Yen_NN and_CC colleagues_NN2 used_VVD a_AT1 self-report_JJ questionnaire_NN1 to_TO assess_VVI symptoms_NN2 of_IO internet_NN1 addiction_NN1 &lsqb;_( 46_MC &rsqb;_) ._. 
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While_CS we_PPIS2 focus_VV0 in_II this_DD1 review_NN1 on_II catecholamine_NN1 modulation_NN1 of_IO Area_NN1 X_ZZ1 and_CC functional_JJ processing_NN1 through_II this_DD1 basal_JJ ganglia_NN2 pathway_NN1 ,_, it_PPH1 is_VBZ important_JJ to_TO note_VVI the_AT presence_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 variety_NN1 of_IO potential_JJ neuromodulators_NN2 and/or_CC their_APPGE receptors_NN2 in_II Area_NN1 X._NP1 The_AT mature_JJ RISC_NP1 contains_VVZ the_AT guide_NN1 strand_NN1 ,_, which_DDQ directs_VVZ the_AT complex_NN1 to_II the_AT target_NN1 mRNA_NN1 for_IF post-transcriptional_JJ gene_NN1 silencing_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Differences_NN2 in_II the_AT range_NN1 of_IO Runx2_FO and_CC Sp7_FO targets_NN2 may_VM reflect_VVI the_AT earlier_JJR action_NN1 of_IO Runx2_FO at_II the_AT outset_NN1 of_IO osteoblast_NN1 specification_NN1 ._. 
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More_RGR importantly_RR ,_, these_DD2 zeros_NN2 apparently_RR carry_VV0 inaccurate_JJ information_NN1 because_CS many_DA2 of_IO them_PPHO2 will_VM become_VVI nonzeros_NN2 if_CS more_DAR reads_NN2 were_VBDR sequenced_VVN ._. 
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In_II alignment_NN1 ,_, '_NULL C_ZZ1 '_NULL bases_NN2 are_VBR converted_VVN to_II '_NULL T_ZZ1 '_NULL base_NN1 for_IF reads_NN2 and_CC are_VBR mapped_VVN to_II the_AT C-to-T_NP1 reference_NN1 (_( then_RT a_AT1 C–T_NN1 mismatch_NN1 is_VBZ effectively_RR regarded_VVN as_II a_AT1 match_NN1 )_) ;_; a_AT1 similar_JJ procedure_NN1 is_VBZ performed_VVN for_IF the_AT G-to-A_NP1 conversion_NN1 in_II the_AT next_MD round_NN1 of_IO alignment_NN1 ._. 
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Immunofluorescence_NN1 for_IF Osterix_NP1 and_CC Sox9_FO was_VBDZ performed_VVN as_CSA described_VVN above_RL at_II 10_MC days_NNT2 post_II fracture_NN1 ._. 
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Crescent_NN1 City_NN1 lies_VVZ in_II Del_NP1 Norte_NP1 County_NN1 ,_, California_NP1 (_( Fig._NN1 1_MC1 )_) ,_, just_RR south_ND1 of_IO the_AT Oregon/California_NP1 border_NN1 ,_, and_CC has_VHZ a_AT1 population_NN1 of_IO 7643_MC (_( U.S._NP1 Census_NN1 Bureau_NN1 ,_, 2016_MC )_) ._. 
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In_II cytochrome_NN1 b6_FO ,_, there_EX is_VBZ also_RR an_AT1 extra_JJ haem_NN1 on_II the_AT stromal_JJ side_NN1 ,_, equivalent_JJ to_II the_AT matrix_NN1 side_NN1 in_II mitochondria_NN1 ,_, as_II31 well_II32 as_II33 a_AT1 chlorophyll_NN1 and_CC a_AT1 carotenoid_JJ molecule_NN1 both_RR thought_VVN to_TO play_VVI structural_JJ ,_, non-redox_JJ roles_NN2 (_( Kurisu_NP1 et_RA21 al_RA22 ._. 
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2003_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
Large-bodied_JJ predatory_JJ nematodes_NN2 are_VBR commonly_RR found_VVN as_CSA epifauna_NN1 on_II Spartina_NP1 algae_NN2 and_CC kelp_NN1 ,_, and_CC their_APPGE occurrence_NN1 has_VHZ been_VBN reported_VVN previously_RR in_II31 association_II32 with_II33 small_JJ crustaceans_NN2 (_( Arroyo_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2004_MC )_) ._. 
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Structure_NN1 is_VBZ then_RT mapped_VVN to_II a_AT1 fitnesslike_JJ phenotype_NN1 which_DDQ ,_, in_II the_AT case_NN1 of_IO proteins_NN2 ,_, can_VM be_VBI stability_NN1 ,_, abundance_NN1 ,_, folding_JJ robustness_NN1 or_CC affinity_NN1 to_II a_AT1 target_NN1 ligand90,102,103_FO ._. 
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<s>
Vent_NN1 animals_NN2 were_VBDR highly_RR responsive_JJ to_TO heat_VVI and_CC preferred_VVD much_RR cooler_JJR fluids_NN2 than_CSN their_APPGE upper_JJ thermal_JJ limits_NN2 ,_, whereas_CS invertebrates_NN2 from_II other_JJ aquatic_JJ environments_NN2 risked_VVD exposure_NN1 to_II warmer_JJR temperatures_NN2 ._. 
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This_DD1 stage_NN1 will_VM modulate_VVI the_AT strength_NN1 of_IO the_AT subsequently_RR perceived_VVN afterimage_NN1 (_( 40_MC ,_, 52_MC ,_, 53_MC )_) :_: when_RRQ activity_NN1 in_II this_DD1 stage_NN1 is_VBZ high_JJ ,_, the_AT afterimage_NN1 is_VBZ strong_JJ ,_, when_CS activity_NN1 is_VBZ low_JJ ,_, the_AT afterimage_NN1 is_VBZ weak_JJ or_CC absent_JJ ._. 
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Out_II21 of_II22 the_AT 53_MC living_JJ supercentenarians_NN2 ,_, 51_MC are_VBR female_JJ ._. 
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Moreover_RR ,_, dispersal_NN1 kernel_NN1 functions_NN2 &lsqb;_( 217,218_MC &rsqb;_) offer_VV0 another_DD1 way_NN1 to_TO quantify_VVI the_AT distance_NN1 traveled_VVD by_II either_RR susceptible_JJ or_CC infectious_JJ individuals_NN2 ._. 
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We_PPIS2 recaptured_VVD radio-marked_JJ owls_NN2 at_II the_AT conclusion_NN1 of_IO the_AT study_NN1 to_TO remove_VVI radio_NN1 transmitters_NN2 ._. 
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For_REX21 instance_REX22 ,_, autologous_JJ cellular_JJ products_NN2 such_II21 as_II22 ChondroCelect_NP1 and_CC MACI_NN2 are_VBR administered_VVN via_II costly_JJ two-stage_JJ surgical_JJ procedures_NN2 ;_; one_PN1 for_IF tissue_NN1 harvest_NN1 and_CC another_DD1 for_IF implanting_VVG resulting_JJ cell_NN1 products_NN2 ._. 
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This_DD1 mark_NN1 test_NN1 has_VHZ been_VBN taken_VVN as_CSA evidence_NN1 that_CST the_AT bird_NN1 recognizes_VVZ that_CST the_AT image_NN1 in_II the_AT mirror_NN1 is_VBZ of_IO itself_PPX1 ,_, rather_CS21 than_CS22 of_IO a_AT1 conspecific_JJ ._. 
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Nevertheless_RR ,_, all_DB of_IO the_AT enzymes_NN2 mentioned_VVN above_RL clearly_RR sample_VV0 active_JJ conformations_NN2 in_II the_AT absence_NN1 of_IO substrate_NN1 ,_, and_CC it_PPH1 appears_VVZ that_CST this_DD1 is_VBZ the_AT case_NN1 for_IF most_DAT enzymes_NN2 ._. 
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This_DD1 study_NN1 used_VVD a_AT1 luciferase_NN1 assay_NN1 to_TO directly_RR measure_VVI transcriptional_JJ dynamics_NN in_II live_JJ cells_NN2 ._. 
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Identifying_VVG specific_JJ strains_NN2 through_II high-throughput_JJ sequencing_NN1 of_IO 16s_MC2 rRNA_NN1 genes_NN2 and_CC shotgun_NN1 metagenomics_NN1 provides_VVZ deeper_JJR insight_NN1 on_II the_AT composition_NN1 ,_, structure_NN1 ,_, and_CC functional_JJ roles_NN2 of_IO the_AT amphibian_JJ skin_NN1 microbiome_NN1 (_( Preidis_NP1 and_CC Versalovic_NN1 2009_MC )_) ._. 
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From_II the_AT viewpoint_NN1 of_IO dynamics_NN ,_, matrix_NN1 rigidity_NN1 promotes_VVZ myosinmediated_JJ cellular_JJ contraction_NN1 formation_NN1 and_CC therefore_RR enhances_VVZ tension_NN1 in_II nuclear_JJ lamin-A_NN1 ,_, thus_RR inhibiting_VVG lamin-A_NN1 disassociation_NN1 and_CC stiffening_VVG the_AT nucleus_NN1 ._. 
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It_PPH1 has_VHZ been_VBN proposed_VVN that_CST proteins_NN2 could_VM close_VVI the_AT γ_NULL -TuRC_JJ ring_NN1 ,_, thereby_RR activating_VVG nucleation8_FO ._. 
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Whether_CSW changes_NN2 in_II physiology_NN1 affect_NN1 Sirt3_FO transcriptional_JJ regulation_NN1 is_VBZ not_XX clear_RR at_RR21 present_RR22 ,_, as_CSA illustrated_VVN by_II the_AT fact_NN1 that_CST Sirt3_FO mRNA_NN1 expression_NN1 in_II mice_NN2 increased_VVN after_II 1_MC1 week_NNT1 of_IO high-fat_JJ diet_NN1 but_CCB decreased_VVD after_II 13_MC weeks_NNT2 of_IO being_VBG fed_VVN the_AT same_DA diet_NN1 ._. 
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The_AT diverse_JJ neurobiological_JJ and_CC genetic_JJ mechanisms_NN2 underlying_VVG smoking_JJ liability_NN1 and_CC relapse_VV0 susceptibility_NN1 will_VM necessitate_VVI animal_NN1 models_NN2 that_CST separately_RR address_VV0 these_DD2 diverse_JJ causes_NN2 of_IO smoking_NN1 and_CC nicotine_NN1 withdrawal_NN1 ._. 
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In_II31 addition_II32 to_II33 magnetic_JJ information_NN1 ,_, an_AT1 inclination_NN1 compass_NN1 needs_VVZ input_NN1 from_II gravity_NN1 sensors_NN2 ,_, which_DDQ suggests_VVZ that_DD1 input_NN1 from_II the_AT vestibular_JJ system_NN1 is_VBZ involved_VVN ._. 
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In_II the_AT parsimony_NN1 analysis_NN1 ,_, Taydebis_NP1 peculiaris_NN1 appears_VVZ as_CSA sister_NN1 to_II a_AT1 clade_NN1 containing_VVG Splendeuptychia_NP1 doxes_NN2 and_CC Splendeuptychia_NP1 furina_NN1 ,_, Satyrotaygetis_NP1 ,_, Erichthodes_NP1 antonina_NN1 and_CC Erichthodes_NP1 julia_NN1 ,_, Neonympha_NP1 ,_, Megeuptychia_NP1 and_CC Pareuptychia_NP1 ,_, whereas_CS in_II the_AT Bayesian_JJ analysis_NN1 ,_, Taydebis_NP1 peculiaris_NN1 appears_VVZ sister_NN1 to_II Splendeuptychia_NP1 doxes_NN2 and_CC S._NP1 furina_NN1 ._. 
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Moreover_RR ,_, some_DD NLRs_NP1 participate_VV0 in_RP RNA-and_CC DNA-mediated_JJ innate_JJ immune_JJ activation_NN1 through_II caspase-1_MC1 activation_NN1 (_( Kanneganti_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2006b_FO ;_; Muruve_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2008_MC )_) and_CC NF-kB_JJ activation_NN1 toward_II IFN-b_NP1 production_NN1 via_II synergistic_JJ pathways_NN2 activated_VVN by_II NOD2_FO (_( Leber_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2008_MC )_) ._. 
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Reference_NN1 93_MC describes_VVZ the_AT methods_NN2 applied_VVN to_II measure_NN1 the_AT variance_NN1 of_IO the_AT disease_NN1 ._. 
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It_PPH1 is_VBZ likely_JJ that_CST the_AT habitat_NN1 complexity_NN1 of_IO the_AT mesocosms_NN2 in_II this_DD1 study_NN1 permitted_VVD co-existence_NN1 of_IO vulnerable_JJ prey_NN1 species_NN such_II21 as_II22 chironomid_JJ larvae_NN2 with_IW invasive_JJ alien_JJ decapod_NN1 species_NN ._. 
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To_TO assess_VVI the_AT magnitude_NN1 of_IO the_AT spatial_JJ variation_NN1 at_II each_DD1 spatial_JJ scale_NN1 the_AT estimated_JJ components_NN2 of_IO variation_NN1 (_( ECV_NP1 )_) were_VBDR used_VVN ._. 
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TLR9-deficient_JJ mice_NN2 are_VBR partially_RR resistant_JJ to_II lethal_JJ infection_NN1 ,_, suggesting_VVG that_DD1 malaria_NN1 parasites_NN2 may_VM require_VVI TLR9_FO to_TO activate_VVI Tregs_NN2 for_IF immune_JJ escape_NN1 ._. 
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Here_RL again_RT ,_, an_AT1 exclusive_JJ focus_NN1 on_II the_AT screams_NN2 '_NULL aversive_JJ qualities_NN2 can_VM not_XX explain_VVI these_DD2 results_NN2 ._. 
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For_REX21 example_REX22 ,_, if_CS a_AT1 model_NN1 contains_VVZ metabolites_NN2 that_CST are_VBR not_XX reachable_JJ from_II a_AT1 given_JJ growth_NN1 medium_NN1 ,_, those_DD2 metabolites_NN2 could_VM not_XX be_VBI produced_VVN in_II a_AT1 fluxbalance_NN1 model_NN1 generated_VVN from_II that_DD1 metabolic_JJ network_NN1 ._. 
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MOHCA_NP1 involved_VVD random_JJ incorporation_NN1 of_IO radical_JJ sources_NN2 at_RR21 all_RR22 possible_JJ sites_NN2 of_IO an_AT1 RNA_NN1 ,_, identification_NN1 of_IO the_AT positions_NN2 of_IO radical_JJ cleavage_NN1 through_II gel_NN1 electrophoresis_NN1 ,_, and_CC identification_NN1 of_IO which_DDQ source_NN1 position_NN1 produced_VVD which_DDQ cleavage_NN1 events_NN2 through_II in-gel_JJ RNA_NN1 scission_NN1 at_II radical_JJ source_NN1 sites_NN2 and_CC electrophoresis_NN1 in_II a_AT1 perpendicular_JJ direction_NN1 ._. 
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In_II species_NN bearing_VVG altricial_JJ newborns_NN2 ,_, suckling_NN1 is_VBZ initiated_VVN by_II the_AT mother_NN1 but_CCB neonates_NN2 have_VH0 to_TO locate_VVI and_CC orally_RR grasp_VVI the_AT nipples_NN2 by_II themselves_PPX2 ._. 
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Overall_RR ,_, disturbance-related_JJ resource_NN1 quantity_NN1 shifts_NN2 ,_, rather_CS21 than_CS22 resource_VVI quality_NN1 (_( i.e._REX ,_, C:N_FO ratios_NN2 )_) ,_, predicted_VVD consumer_NN1 resource_NN1 use_NN1 ._. 
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Another_DD1 issue_NN1 that_CST should_VM be_VBI carefully_RR considered_VVN is_VBZ the_AT heterogeneous_JJ behaviour_NN1 of_IO pedestrians_NN2 ,_, due_II21 to_II22 a_AT1 change_NN1 in_II the_AT environmental_JJ conditions_NN2 ,_, such_II21 as_II22 the_AT transition_NN1 from_II normal_JJ to_TO panic_VVI conditions_NN2 ._. 
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In_II closing_NN1 ,_, I_PPIS1 will_VM discuss_VVI one_MC1 area_NN1 where_CS the_AT phase_NN1 separation_NN1 principle_NN1 described_VVN here_RL could_VM be_VBI of_IO particular_JJ value_NN1 for_IF future_JJ work_NN1 (_( in_II31 addition_II32 to_II33 further_JJR analyses_NN2 of_IO the_AT various_JJ systems_NN2 described_VVN by_II the_AT authors_NN2 ,_, and_CC of_IO collective_JJ movement_NN1 data_NN in_RR21 general_RR22 )_) ._. 
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TfR_NP1 is_VBZ the_AT classic_JJ example_NN1 of_IO such_DA a_AT1 receptor_NN1 and_CC is_VBZ used_VVN in_II many_DA2 studies_NN2 to_TO assess_VVI clathrin-mediated_JJ endocytic_JJ activity_NN1 ,_, as_CSA its_APPGE trafficking_NN1 relies_VVZ mainly_RR on_II this_DD1 pathway_NN1 ._. 
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In_II this_DD1 study_NN1 ,_, miR-122_MC was_VBDZ efficiently_RR inhibited_VVN in_II the_AT liver_NN1 after_II a_AT1 4-week_JJ treatment_NN1 period_NN1 and_CC miR-122_MC levels_NN2 were_VBDR markedly_RR reduced_VVN ._. 
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This_DD1 review_NN1 article_NN1 begins_VVZ with_IW an_AT1 introduction_NN1 to_II PD_NP1 neurobiology_NN1 as_II a_AT1 foundation_NN1 for_IF interpreting_VVG neuroimaging_JJ findings_NN2 that_CST may_VM further_RRR lead_VVI to_II more_RGR integrated_JJ and_CC comprehensive_JJ understanding_NN1 of_IO PD_NP1 ._. 
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The_AT autonomy_NN1 of_IO the_AT person_NN1 is_VBZ a_AT1 deeply_RR ingrained_JJ value_NN1 in_II liberal_JJ societies_NN2 ,_, and_CC ,_, while_CS not_XX unlimited_JJ ,_, is_VBZ perceived_VVN as_CSA requiring_VVG restraint_NN1 in_II the_AT regulation_NN1 of_IO personal_JJ matters_NN2 such_II21 as_II22 reproduction_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
In_II the_AT second_MD step_NN1 ,_, the_AT female_NN1 decides_VVZ by_II taking_VVG into_II account_NN1 the_AT male_NN1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 expression_NN1 of_IO secondary_JJ sexual_JJ ornamentation_NN1 ,_, e._ZZ1 g._NNU its_APPGE brightness_NN1 of_IO coloration_NN1 ,_, whether_CSW it_PPH1 is_VBZ healthy_JJ and_CC thus_RR likely_JJ to_TO offer_VVI the_AT specific_JJ MHC_NP1 allele_NN1 ,_, among_II his_APPGE complementary_JJ set_NN1 ,_, that_DD1 provides_VVZ resistance_NN1 against_II the_AT currently_RR prevailing_JJ infectious_JJ disease_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
In_II these_DD2 cases_NN2 ,_, it_PPH1 is_VBZ necessary_JJ to_TO prepare_VVI model_NN1 substrates_NN2 that_CST present_JJ whole_JJ protein_NN1 domains_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Here_RL ,_, calcein_NN1 (_( 1M_NNU )_) was_VBDZ used_VVN to_TO generate_VVI cell_NN1 masks_NN2 and_CC to_TO exclude_VVI dead_JJ cells_NN2 from_II the_AT analysis_NN1 ;_; MitoSOX_NP1 (_( 5M_NNU )_) served_VVD to_II measure_NN1 mitochondrial_JJ O2_FO levels_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
This_DD1 sort_NN1 of_IO incongruence_NN1 first_MD led_VVD Taylor_NP1 (_( 82_MC )_) and_CC Gibbs_NP1 (_( 23_MC )_) to_TO speculate_VVI that_CST the_AT chlorophyll_NN1 a+_FO bcontaining_VVG plastids_NN2 of_IO Euglena_NP1 were_VBDR derived_VVN secondarily_RR from_II green_JJ algal_JJ endosymbionts_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Based_VVN on_II this_DD1 ,_, funding_NN1 can_VM be_VBI continued_VVN or_CC adjusted_VVN to_II a_AT1 lower_JJR or_CC higher_JJR level_NN1 or_CC even_RR discontinued_VVN ._. 
</s>
<s>
However_RR ,_, several_DA2 large_JJ studies_NN2 have_VH0 now_RT shown_VVN that_DD1 treatment_NN1 with_IW azacitidine_NN1 ,_, even_RR in_II poor_JJ prognosis_NN1 patients_NN2 ,_, improves_VVZ their_APPGE quality_NN1 of_IO life_NN1 and_CC extends_VVZ survival_NN1 time_NNT1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
For_REX21 example_REX22 ,_, keratin_NN1 ,_, but_CCB not_XX vimentin_NN1 ,_, directs_VVZ E_NP1 cadherin_NN1 to_II the_AT membrane33_FO ._. 
</s>
<s>
Recently_RR ,_, preladenant_NN1 was_VBDZ identified_VVN as_II a_AT1 potent_JJ and_CC highly_RR selective_JJ A2A_FO receptor_NN1 antagonist_NN1 ,_, and_CC has_VHZ produced_VVN a_AT1 significant_JJ improvement_NN1 in_II motor_NN1 function_NN1 in_II rodent_NN1 models_NN2 of_IO PD_NP1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT PVH_NP1 also_RR has_VHZ the_AT potential_JJ to_TO regulate_VVI energy_NN1 expenditure_NN1 via_II other_JJ sites_NN2 within_II the_AT brain_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
In_II progeny_NN1 that_CST contain_VV0 both_RR reporter_NN1 genes_NN2 ,_, GFPloCFPhi_JJ monocytes_NN2 (_( Figure_NN1 6B_FO ,_, orange_JJ gate_NN1 )_) correspond_VV0 to_II Ly6ChiCX3CR1loCCR2hi_FO monocytes_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
SIMPER_VV0 analysis_NN1 was_VBDZ used_VVN to_TO determine_VVI the_AT taxa_NN2 that_CST contributed_VVD >_FO 50%_NNU of_IO the_AT cumulative_JJ dissimilarity_NN1 between_II the_AT sites_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Moreover_RR ,_, the_AT 15_MC colored_JJ figures_NN2 in_II the_AT middle_NN1 of_IO the_AT book_NN1 provide_VV0 not_XX only_RR help_VV0 in_II understanding_VVG the_AT written_JJ materials_NN2 ,_, but_CCB also_RR provides_VVZ sources_NN2 for_IF those_DD2 who_PNQS are_VBR lecturing_VVG in_II the_AT field_NN1 of_IO plant_NN1 abiotic_JJ stress_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Key_JJ words_NN2 :_: subventricular_JJ zone_NN1 (_( SVZ_NP1 )_) ,_, neuronal_JJ precursor_NN1 ,_, cell_NN1 transplantation_NN1 ,_, migration_NN1 ,_, differentiation_NN1 ,_, mouse_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Plants_NN2 were_VBDR grown_VVN at_II temperatures_NN2 from_II 15_MC to_II 30C_FO ,_, given_VVN continuously_RR from_II germination_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Many_DA2 other_JJ types_NN2 of_IO bacterial_JJ channels_NN2 and_CC transporters_NN2 have_VH0 now_RT joined_VVN these_DD2 early_JJ successes_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Despite_II these_DD2 uncertainties_NN2 ,_, the_AT clinical_JJ results_NN2 raise_VV0 specific_JJ challenges_NN2 that_CST include_VV0 poor_JJ cell_NN1 engraftment_NN1 ,_, limited_JJ cell_NN1 proliferation_NN1 ,_, poor_JJ long-term_JJ survival_NN1 ,_, lack_NN1 of_IO optimal_JJ immunosuppression_NN1 regiments_NN2 ,_, and_CC ,_, inevitably_RR ,_, a_AT1 limited_JJ supply_NN1 of_IO hepatocytes_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Comparisons_NN2 with_IW mammals_NN2 help_VV0 us_PPIO2 understand_VVI areas_NN2 where_RRQ research_NN1 specific_JJ to_II birds_NN2 is_VBZ lacking_VVG ;_; for_REX21 example_REX22 ,_, Martin_NP1 asserts_VVZ that_CST birds_NN2 and_CC mammals_NN2 have_VH0 similar_JJ taste_NN1 capabilities_NN2 and_CC capacities_NN2 but_CCB acknowledges_VVZ that_CST mammals_NN2 may_VM have_VHI very_RG different_JJ taste_NN1 abilities_NN2 depending_II21 on_II22 their_APPGE feeding_JJ specializations_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT first_MD is_VBZ by_II having_VHG cholesterol_NN1 sulfate_NN1 present_NN1 in_II the_AT membrane_NN1 ;_; as_CSA noted_VVN above_RL ,_, sterol_VV0 sulfates_NN2 function_VV0 widely_RR as_CSA membrane_NN1 stabilizers_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
After_II 2_MC days_NNT2 ,_, culture_NN1 supernatant_NN1 IL-2_MC levels_NN2 were_VBDR measured_VVN by_II ELISA_NP1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Here_RL ,_, the_AT metrics_NN1 may_VM be_VBI applied_VVN within_II a_AT1 single_JJ group_NN1 member_NN1 within_II the_AT community_NN1 and_CC the_AT metrics_NN2 calculated_VVN on_II a_AT1 sample_NN1 of_IO n_ZZ1 individual_JJ observations_NN2 of_IO a_AT1 taxonomic_JJ or_CC functional_JJ group_NN1 of_IO interest_NN1 ;_; e._ZZ1 g._NNU to_TO describe_VVI the_AT isotopic_JJ niche_NN1 width_NN1 of_IO grey_JJ snappers_NN2 Lutjanus_NN1 griseus_NN (_( Layman_NP1 et_RA21 al_RA22 ._. 
</s>
<s>
2007b_FO )_) ,_, Svanba_NP1 ck_NNU &Eklo;_NULL v_II 2009_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Table_NN1 1_MC1 compares_VVZ the_AT performance_NN1 of_IO the_AT majority_NN1 of_IO publically_RR quoted_VVN cell_NN1 therapy_NN1 companies_NN2 over_II the_AT past_JJ 5_MC years_NNT2 to_II that_DD1 of_IO major_JJ indexes_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT carapace_NN1 surface_NN1 ,_, independent_JJ of_IO the_AT total_JJ adult_NN1 size_NN1 ,_, was_VBDZ subdivided_VVN into_II 9_MC subareas_NN2 as_CSA established_VVN by_II Pfaller_NP1 et_RA21 al_RA22 ._. 
</s>
<s>
(_( 2006_MC )_) and_CC 5_MC subareas_NN2 of_IO equal_JJ size_NN1 were_VBDR randomly_RR selected_VVN (_( Urbaniak_NP1 and_CC Plous_NP1 ,_, 2011_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT Grupo_NP1 de_NP1 Especialistas_NN2 del_FW Oso_NP1 Frontino_NP1 (_( Spectacled_JJ Bear_NN1 Specialist_NN1 Group_NN1 (_( SBSG_NP1 )_) )_) ,_, established_VVN in_II 1980_MC ,_, was_VBDZ the_AT first_MD attempt_NN1 to_TO unite_VVI efforts_NN2 throughout_II the_AT Andes_NP2 and_CC was_VBDZ followed_VVN by_II an_AT1 array_NN1 of_IO studies_NN2 focussed_VVN on_II the_AT species_NN '_NULL ecology_NN1 and_CC the_AT effects_NN2 of_IO human_JJ disturbance_NN1 (_( Anonymous_JJ 1981_MC ,_, Brown_NP1 &;_NULL Rumiz_NP1 1988_MC ,_, Suárez_NP1 1988_MC ,_, Goldstein_NP1 1990_MC ,_, 1991a_FO ,_, b_ZZ1 ,_, 1992_MC ,_, Goldstein_NP1 &;_NULL Salas_NN2 1993_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
This_DD1 seems_VVZ to_TO be_VBI a_AT1 direct_JJ consequence_NN1 of_IO drug_NN1 binding_VVG to_II the_AT active_JJ site_NN1 of_IO Akt_NP1 ,_, presumably_RR promoting_VVG its_APPGE phosphorylation_NN1 by_II PDK1_FO and_CC mTORC2_FO (_( REF._NN1 127_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Others_NN2 will_VM be_VBI scattered_VVN sideways_RL (_( Fig._NN1 6_MC )_) to_TO leave_VVI tracks_NN2 of_IO deposited_VVN energy_NN1 that_CST contain_VV0 no_AT high_JJ resolution_NN1 information_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Further_RRR ,_, raccoons_NN2 are_VBR larger_JJR than_CSN the_AT typical_JJ prey_NN1 of_IO either_RR bobcats_NN2 or_CC coyotes_NN2 and_CC raccoons_NN2 can_VM effectively_RR defend_VVI themselves_PPX2 and_CC food_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Festa-Bianchet_NP1 et_RA21 al_RA22 ._. 
</s>
<s>
(_( 2003_MC )_) ,_, however_RR ,_, cautioned_VVD that_CST many_DA2 determinations_NN2 of_IO density_NN1 dependence_NN1 may_VM be_VBI confounded_VVN by_II changes_NN2 in_II adult_NN1 age_NN1 structure_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Gene_NN1 expression_NN1 levels_NN2 forHMA4.1_FO and_CC HMA4.2_FO in_II TN90_FO and_CC K326_FO in_II 8_MC plant_NN1 organs_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Given_CS21 that_CS22 the_AT DCC_MC appears_VVZ to_TO be_VBI a_AT1 specialized_JJ version_NN1 of_IO condensin_NN1 ,_, the_AT mitotic_JJ chromosome_NN1 compaction_NN1 machinery_NN1 ,_, it_PPH1 seems_VVZ reasonable_JJ to_TO propose_VVI that_CST some_DD step_NN1 in_II chromosome_NN1 compaction_NN1 is_VBZ at_II play_NN1 ,_, and_CC this_DD1 is_VBZ strengthened_VVN by_II the_AT documented_JJ link_NN1 with_IW H4K20me1_FO ,_, known_VVN to_TO be_VBI enriched_VVN in_II mitotic_JJ chromosomes_NN2 in_II mammals76,77_FO ._. 
</s>
<s>
However_RR ,_, polarization_NN1 effects_NN2 of_IO the_AT surface_NN1 (_( such_II21 as_II22 metal_NN1 or_CC carbon_NN1 surfaces_NN2 ,_, as_CSA discussed_VVN earlier_RRR )_) may_VM contribute_VVI notably_RR to_II the_AT binding_JJ energy_NN1 of_IO an_AT1 adsorbate_NN1 ,_, as_RG well_RR as_CSA to_II the_AT structure_NN1 of_IO the_AT surface_NN1 itself_PPX1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Each_DD1 monomer_NN1 comprises_VVZ 11_MC TM_NP1 helices_NN2 arranged_VVN in_II a_AT1 right-handed_JJ a-helical_JJ bundle_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT M2-based_JJ analysis_NN1 has_VHZ consistently_RR achieved_VVN accurate_JJ secondary_JJ structures_NN2 ,_, including_II stems_NN2 that_CST are_VBR scrambled_VVN with_IW standard_JJ computational_JJ modeling_NN1 and_CC 1D_NNU chemical_JJ mapping_NN1 analysis_NN1 &lsqb;_( see_VV0 ,_, e._ZZ1 g_ZZ1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Supporting_JJ Information_NN1 in_II (_( Miao_NP1 et_RA21 al_RA22 ._. 
</s>
<s>
2015_MC )_) &rsqb;_) and_CC features_NN2 that_CST could_VM not_XX be_VBI captured_VVN by_II prior_JJ phylogenetic_JJ analysis_NN1 (_( Fig._NN1 3b_FO ,_, d_ZZ1 )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT unfavourable_JJ kinetics_NN1 of_IO templated_JJ nucleation_NN1 provide_VV0 a_AT1 framework_NN1 for_IF understanding_VVG the_AT role_NN1 of_IO MAPs_NN2 as_CSA nucleation-promoting_JJ or_CC nucleation-inhibiting_JJ factors_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Macrophage-derived_NP1 Wnt7b_FO stimulates_VVZ repair_NN1 and_CC regeneration_NN1 of_IO renal_JJ epithelial_JJ cells_NN2 after_II ischemic_JJ injury_NN1 by_II limiting_VVG tubular_JJ apoptosis_NN1 and_CC cell-cycle_JJ arrest_NN1 (_( 23_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
For_IF details_NN2 about_II antibodies_NN2 and_CC methods_NN2 ,_, see_VV0 the_AT Supplemental_JJ Material_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Structural_JJ details_NN2 of_IO SH2_FO domains_NN2 recognizing_VVG short_JJ phosphopeptides_NN2 ,_, which_DDQ are_VBR well_RR described_VVN elsewhere_RL (_( Waksman_NP1 and_CC Kuriyan_NP1 ,_, 2004_MC )_) ,_, reinforced_VVD this_DD1 hypothesis_NN1 by_II explaining_VVG the_AT results_NN2 of_IO in_JJ21 vitro_JJ22 studies_NN2 of_IO peptide-binding_JJ specificity_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
That_REX21 is_REX22 ,_, an_AT1 absolute_JJ increase_NN1 in_II one_MC1 organism_NN1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 abundance_NN1 can_VM result_VVI in_II an_AT1 apparent_JJ relative_JJ decrease_NN1 of_IO all_DB other_JJ abundances_NN2 ,_, leading_VVG to_II spurious_JJ correlations_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
In_II31 addition_II32 to_II33 comparing_VVG the_AT number_NN1 of_IO DE_NP1 genes_NN2 and_CC the_AT number_NN1 of_IO common_JJ DE_NP1 genes_NN2 found_VVN among_II the_AT methods_NN2 ,_, we_PPIS2 generate_VV0 ,_, for_IF each_DD1 real_JJ dataset_NN1 ,_, a_AT1 dendrogram_NN1 representing_VVG the_AT similarity_NN1 between_II the_AT DE_NP1 gene_NN1 lists_NN2 obtained_VVN with_IW each_DD1 normalization_NN1 method_NN1 ,_, based_VVN on_II the_AT binary_JJ distance_NN1 and_CC the_AT Ward_NP1 linkage_NN1 algorithm_NN1 (_( dist()_NN1 and_CC hclust()_VV0 functions_NN2 in_II R_ZZ1 )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT BEAST_NN1 2_MC platform_NN1 is_VBZ an_AT1 open_JJ source_NN1 project_NN1 and_CC is_VBZ anonymously_RR available_JJ on_II a_AT1 source_NN1 repository_NN1 hosted_VVN by_II GitHub_NP1 at_II https_NNU :_: and_CC supplementary_JJ material_NN1 Code_NN1 S1_FO ._. 
</s>
<s>
In_II contrast_NN1 to_II the_AT separation_NN1 evident_JJ across_II Highway_NN1 1_MC1 in_II BC_NP1 (_( Fig._NN1 9g_NNU )_) ,_, bears_NN2 on_II either_DD1 side_NN1 of_IO Highway_NN1 1_MC1 in_II Alberta_NP1 were_VBDR not_XX in_II distinct_JJ clusters_NN2 (_( Fig._NN1 10b_FO )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Mature_VV0 male_JJ Hygrolycosa_NN1 rubrofasciata_NN1 court_NN1 females_NN2 by_II striking_VVG their_APPGE abdomens_NN2 against_II the_AT substrate_NN1 (_( typically_RR dry_JJ leaves_NN2 )_) in_II an_AT1 action_NN1 termed_VVD '_NULL drumming_NN1 '_NULL ._. 
</s>
<s>
These_DD2 characteristics_NN2 may_VM result_VVI in_II participants_NN2 perceiving_VVG a_AT1 different_JJ stake_NN1 in_II the_AT research_NN1 and_CC thus_RR having_VHG different_JJ expectations_NN2 concerning_II access_NN1 to_TO research_VVI results_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
In_II these_DD2 tissues_NN2 it_PPH1 may_VM therefore_RR be_VBI sufficient_JJ to_TO simply_RR expand_VVI precursor_NN1 pools_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Sirtuins_NN2 are_VBR further_RRR regulated_VVN by_II forming_VVG complexes_NN2 with_IW other_JJ proteins_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT evidence_NN1 that_CST we_PPIS2 present_VV0 here_RL on_II the_AT functional_JJ role_NN1 of_IO mitotic_JJ bookmarking_NN1 by_II SOX2_FO paves_VVZ the_AT way_NN1 for_IF future_JJ studies_NN2 to_TO identify_VVI and_CC assess_VVI the_AT functional_JJ relevance_NN1 of_IO other_JJ mitotic_JJ bookmarking_JJ factors_NN2 in_II stem_NN1 cell_NN1 maintenance_NN1 and_CC differentiation_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Furthermore_RR ,_, fungi_NN2 of_IO the_AT Gigasporaceae_NN2 do_VD0 not_XX produce_VVI vesicles_NN2 in_II the_AT roots_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT results_NN2 of_IO the_AT induction_NN1 experiment_NN1 are_VBR consistent_JJ with_IW the_AT prominent_JJ role_NN1 of_IO TisB_NP1 in_II persister_NN1 formation_NN1 in_II31 response_II32 to_II33 ciprofloxacin_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT NFU_NP1 Regional_JJ Environment_NN1 and_CC Land_NN1 Use_NN1 Advisor_NN1 suggested_VVD pragmatic_JJ ways_NN2 forward_RL ,_, such_II21 as_II22 specifying_VVG the_AT type_NN1 and_CC origin_NN1 of_IO food_NN1 to_II schools_NN2 and_CC hospitals_NN2 under_II local_JJ authority_NN1 control_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Sun_NN1 et_RA21 al_RA22 ._. 
</s>
<s>
review_NN1 &lsqb;_( 3_MC &rsqb;_) is_VBZ a_AT1 good_JJ effort_NN1 to_TO present_VVI a_AT1 concise_JJ panorama_NN1 of_IO the_AT modelling_NN1 in_II modern_JJ theoretical_JJ epidemiology_NN1 ,_, summarizing_VVG results_NN2 ,_, techniques_NN2 ,_, and_CC approaches_NN2 used_VMK to_TO understand_VVI and_CC hopefully_RR predict_VVI the_AT dynamicsof_NN1 infectious_JJ diseases_NN2 spreading_VVG ._. 
</s>
<s>
This_DD1 mode_NN1 of_IO CDK_NP1 regulation_NN1 is_VBZ vital_JJ for_IF genome_NN1 integrity_NN1 ,_, especially_RR when_CS problems_NN2 arise_VV0 during_II DNA_NN1 replication_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
In_II Great_NP1 Britain_NP1 (_( 231885km2_FO )_) ,_, a_AT1 national_JJ survey_NN1 (_( Wilson_NP1 et_RA21 al_RA22 ._. 
</s>
<s>
1997_MC )_) estimated_VVD that_CST there_EX were_VBDR approximately_RR 50000_MC badger_NN1 social_JJ groups_NN2 in_II 1997_MC ,_, and_CC that_DD1 abundance_NN1 had_VHD increased_VVN by_II 77%_NNU since_II a_AT1 previous_JJ survey_NN1 in_II 1988_MC (_( Cresswell_NP1 et_RA21 al_RA22 ._. 
</s>
<s>
1990_MC ,_, Wilson_NP1 et_RA21 al_RA22 ._. 
</s>
<s>
1997_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT Cell_NN1 Therapy_NN1 Industry_NN1 Index_NN1 (_( see_VV0 Table_NN1 S1_FO available_JJ online_JJ )_) is_VBZ an_AT1 equally_RR weighted_JJ index_NN1 that_CST tracks_VVZ the_AT performance_NN1 of_IO stocks_NN2 in_II major_JJ publicly_RR traded_VVN companies_NN2 operating_VVG in_II the_AT cell-based_JJ therapy_NN1 arena_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
In_II ambient_JJ water_NN1 speeds_VVZ from_II 0_MC to_II 40_MC cm_NNU s-_NN1 1_MC1 ,_, fronds_NN2 with_IW pneumatocysts_NN2 spent_VVD more_DAR time_NNT1 floating_VVG at_II the_AT air-water_JJ interface_NN1 than_CSN did_VDD fronds_NN2 without_IW pneumatocysts_NN2 (_( paired_VVN t-tests_NN2 ,_, p_ZZ1 <_FO 0.05_MC ,_, df_NNU >_FO 4_MC ;_; Fig._NN1 9_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Benefits_NN2 included_VVD the_AT use_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 centralised_JJ database_NN1 to_TO detect_VVI ,_, contain_VV0 ,_, and_CC map_NN1 outbreaks_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
We_PPIS2 divided_VVD the_AT reference_NN1 (_( 56_MC )_) and_CC treatment_NN1 (_( 73A_FO )_) GMUs_NN1 into_II 46-km2_JJ quadrats_NN2 and_CC then_RT stratified_VVN the_AT quadrats_NN2 into_II high_JJ or_CC low_JJ probability_NN1 of_IO finding_VVG a_AT1 mountain_NN1 lion_NN1 track_NN1 based_VVN on_II habitat_NN1 type_NN1 and_CC expert_NN1 opinion_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
We_PPIS2 concluded_VVD from_II these_DD2 data_NN that_CST GRA16_FO is_VBZ a_AT1 dense_JJ granule_NN1 protein_NN1 that_CST crosses_VVZ the_AT PVM_NP1 of_IO mature_JJ vacuoles_NN2 to_TO reach_VVI the_AT host_NN1 cell_NN1 nucleus_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Notably_RR ,_, ectopic_JJ amhc-expressing_JJ cells_NN2 in_II this_DD1 region_NN1 were_VBDR also_RR evident_JJ in_II a_AT1 separate_JJ set_NN1 of_IO experiments_NN2 in_II which_DDQ we_PPIS2 mosaically_RR expressed_VVD the_AT Tg_NP1 (_( hsp70_NNU :_: dnfgfr1_FO )_) construct_VV0 in_II clusters_NN2 of_IO ventricular_JJ cardiomyocytes_NN2 :_: in_II these_DD2 mosaics_NN2 ,_, dnfgfr1-expressing_JJ cells_NN2 in_II the_AT proximal_JJ ventricle_NN1 were_VBDR found_VVN to_TO be_VBI Amhc+_FO (_( Fig._NN1 8M-P_JJ )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
A_AT1 simple_JJ place_NN1 to_TO start_VVI could_VM be_VBI to_TO investigate_VVI the_AT differences_NN2 between_II cells_NN2 where_RRQ the_AT UPR_NN1 is_VBZ activated_VVN by_II inflammation_NN1 and_CC cells_NN2 where_CS it_PPH1 is_VBZ not_XX ._. 
</s>
<s>
If_CS historical_JJ rates_NN2 of_IO increase_NN1 in_II yield_NN1 can_VM be_VBI maintained_VVN ,_, supply_VV0 for_IF rice_NN1 is_VBZ expected_VVN to_TO be_VBI only_RR 72%_NNU of_IO the_AT projected_JJ global_JJ demand_NN1 by_II 2050_MC (_( Ray_NP1 et_RA21 al_RA22 ._. 
</s>
<s>
2013_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
From_II the_AT numerous_JJ sequenced_JJ genomes_NN2 ,_, the_AT secondary_JJ transporters_NN2 are_VBR one_MC1 of_IO the_AT largest_JJT classes_NN2 of_IO membrane_NN1 proteins_NN2 (_( Paulsen_NP1 et_RA21 al_RA22 ._. 
</s>
<s>
1998_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Unlike_JJ lupus_NN1 nephritis_NN1 ,_, sequential_JJ kidney_NN1 biopsies_NN2 are_VBR rarely_RR performed_VVN in_II patients_NN2 with_IW clinically_RR evident_JJ ischemic_JJ or_CC obstructive_JJ kidney_NN1 injuries_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
In_II mammals_NN2 ,_, the_AT major_JJ targets_NN2 of_IO MAPKs_NP2 are_VBR transcription_NN1 factors_NN2 ,_, the_AT phosphorylation_NN1 of_IO which_DDQ changes_VVZ these_DD2 proteins_NN2 '_NULL stability_NN1 ,_, localization_NN1 ,_, or_CC activity_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Full_JJ length_NN1 IL-1is_NN1 able_JK to_TO facilitate_VVI pro-inflammatory_JJ gene_NN1 transcription_NN1 independent_NN1 of_IO IL-1R1_JJ binding_NN1 &lsqb;_( 77_MC &rsqb;_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
After_CS cell_NN1 lysis_NN1 ,_, the_AT assembled_JJ viral_JJ particles_NN2 are_VBR released_VVN ,_, and_CC the_AT infection_NN1 is_VBZ propagated_VVN ,_, with_IW NIS_NP1 being_VBG expressed_VVN in_II neighboring_VVG cells_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
For_REX21 example_REX22 ,_, they_PPHS2 are_VBR impaired_VVN in_II the_AT acquisition_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 working_JJ memory_NN1 task_NN1 and_CC evidence_NN1 markedly_RR reduced_VVN hippocampal-PFC_JJ synchrony_NN1 ,_, the_AT extent_NN1 of_IO which_DDQ is_VBZ predictive_JJ of_IO time_NNT1 taken_VVN to_TO ultimately_RR complete_VVI the_AT task_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT identification_NN1 of_IO functional_JJ sequence_NN1 variants_NN2 would_VM provide_VVI a_AT1 comprehensive_JJ and_CC effective_JJ list_NN1 of_IO candidate_NN1 variants_NN2 for_IF the_AT design_NN1 of_IO arrays_NN2 for_IF the_AT next_MD generation_NN1 of_IO association_NN1 studies_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
During_II the_AT reproductive_JJ season_NNT1 ,_, marine_JJ turtles_NN2 travel_VV0 long_JJ distances_NN2 to_II their_APPGE nesting_NN1 site_NN1 (_( Broderick_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2007_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT number_NN1 of_IO items_NN2 chosen_VVN from_II each_DD1 category_NN1 varied_VVN among_II the_AT children_NN2 since_CS the_AT composition_NN1 of_IO the_AT children_NN2 '_NULL s_ZZ1 vocabulary_NN1 at_II intake_NN1 also_RR varied_VVN across_II these_DD2 categories_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
These_DD2 muscles_NN2 ,_, consisting_VVG of_IO six_MC different_JJ muscle_NN1 fiber_NN1 types_NN2 ,_, are_VBR the_AT fastest_JJT contracting_JJ muscles_NN2 in_II the_AT body_NN1 and_CC are_VBR fatigue_NN1 resistant_JJ ._. 
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<s>
These_DD2 factors_NN2 have_VH0 all_RR been_VBN implicated_VVN in_II the_AT ER_NP1 stress_NN1 response_NN1 due_II21 to_II22 their_APPGE ability_NN1 to_TO respond_VVI to_II traditional_JJ ER_NP1 stressors_NN2 ,_, activate_VV0 known_JJ UPR_NN1 targets_NN2 ,_, or_CC show_VV0 activity_NN1 at_II UPR_NP1 response_NN1 elements_NN2 (_( Bailey_NP1 and_CC O_ZZ1 '_NULL Hare_NN1 ,_, 2007_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
It_PPH1 is_VBZ possible_JJ that_CST transcriptional_JJ dynamics_NN may_VM differ_VVI from_II organism_NN1 to_II organism_NN1 ,_, and_CC other_JJ bacteria_NN2 may_VM show_VVI different_JJ noise-to-mean_JJ profiles_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
We_PPIS2 briefly_RR summarize_VV0 the_AT impressive_JJ history_NN1 of_IO tool_NN1 development_NN1 for_IF these_DD2 various_JJ applications_NN2 and_CC then_RT discuss_VV0 the_AT most_RGT recent_JJ noteworthy_JJ developments_NN2 in_II more_DAR detail_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
As_II a_AT1 change-point_JJ model_NN1 ,_, the_AT model-wise_JJ cost_NN1 function_NN1 Eqn_NN1 17_MC does_VDZ not_XX have_VHI these_DD2 necessary_JJ properties_NN2 (_( Fig._NN1 2_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
Our_APPGE results_NN2 show_VV0 that_CST over_RG 2_MC years_NNT2 co-stimulation_NN1 modulation_NN1 with_IW abatacept_NN1 slows_VVZ the_AT reduction_NN1 in_II β_NULL -cell_JJ function_NN1 in_II recent-onset_JJ type_NN1 1_MC1 diabetes_NN1 by_II 96_MC months_NNT2 (_( panel_NN1 )_) ._. 
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<s>
The_AT cost_NN1 of_IO plasticity_NN1 may_VM thus_RR limit_VVI population_NN1 persistence_NN1 in_II a_AT1 changing_JJ environment_NN1 ,_, yet_RR little_DA1 is_VBZ known_VVN about_II its_APPGE importance_NN1 in_II natural_JJ populations_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Traditional_JJ ,_, fossil-based_JJ models_NN2 and_CC the_AT new_JJ fossil-calibrated_JJ molecular_JJ clocks_NN2 both_RR support_VV0 an_AT1 origin_NN1 of_IO primates_NN2 after_II the_AT Early_JJ Cretaceous_JJ ,_, in_II which_DDQ case_VV0 the_AT group_NN1 would_VM be_VBI too_RG young_JJ to_TO have_VHI been_VBN affected_VVN by_II Pangea-Gondwana_NP1 breakup_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
A_AT1 point_NN1 right_NN1 at_II the_AT transition_NN1 is_VBZ by_II definition_NN1 a_AT1 co-limited_JJ point_NN1 and_CC belongs_VVZ to_II two_MC limitation_NN1 states_VVZ simultaneously_RR ._. 
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<s>
This_DD1 latter_DA series_NN of_IO observations_NN2 suggests_VVZ that_CST H2S_FO may_VM not_XX be_VBI effective_JJ in_II inducing_VVG synthetic_JJ torpor_NN1 in_II humans_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT lack_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 subject_NN1 index_NN1 ,_, and_CC a_AT1 chapter_NN1 on_II the_AT specific_JJ problems_NN2 of_IO woody_JJ plant_NN1 biotechnology_NN1 ,_, mean_VV0 that_CST this_DD1 book_NN1 is_VBZ unlikely_JJ to_TO be_VBI a_AT1 useful_JJ '_NULL one_PN1 stop_VV0 shop_NN1 '_NULL text_NN1 from_II which_DDQ students_NN2 new_JJ to_II the_AT subject_NN1 ,_, can_VM readily_RR learn_VVI the_AT principles_NN2 of_IO this_DD1 discipline_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
This_DD1 finding_NN1 extends_VVZ recent_JJ reports_NN2 that_CST UPF1_FO can_VM associate_VVI with_IW several_DA2 ,_, mostly_RR exogenous_JJ 39_MC UTRs_NP2 (_( Hogg_NP1 and_CC Goff_VV0 2010_MC ;_; Kurosaki_NP1 and_CC Maquat_VV0 2013_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
ABA_NP1 is_VBZ a_AT1 major_JJ phytohormone_NN1 that_CST mediates_VVZ drought_NN1 responses_NN2 in_II plants_NN2 ,_, and_CC in_RR21 particular_RR22 reduces_VVZ stomatal_JJ conductance_NN1 through_II its_APPGE action_NN1 on_II guard_NN1 cells_NN2 (_( Hetherington_NP1 ,_, 2001_MC ;_; Schroeder_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2001_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
As_CSA nkx2.5_FO and_CC nkx2.7_FO expression_NN1 are_VBR established_VVN prior_II21 to_II22 18_MC hpf_NNU (_( Lee_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 1996_MC )_) ,_, these_DD2 results_NN2 suggest_VV0 that_CST FGF_NP1 signaling_NN1 is_VBZ required_VVN to_TO maintain_VVI expression_NN1 of_IO nkx_NNU genes_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
In_II this_DD1 discussion_NN1 the_AT author_NN1 primarily_RR considers_VVZ the_AT situation_NN1 in_II the_AT UK_NP1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Some_DD cancer_NN1 cells_NN2 are_VBR reliant_JJ on_II specific_JJ epigenetic_JJ pathways_NN2 ,_, whereas_CS normal_JJ cells_NN2 have_VH0 alternative_JJ compensating_JJ pathways_NN2 to_TO rely_VVI on_RP ._. 
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<s>
Presenting_VVG a_AT1 full_JJ model_NN1 has_VHZ several_DA2 advantages_NN2 :_: (_( 1_MC1 )_) The_AT full_JJ model_NN1 test_NN1 shows_VVZ whether_CSW the_AT global_JJ null_JJ hypothesis_NN1 can_VM be_VBI safely_RR rejected_VVN ._. 
</s>
<s>
Long-distance_JJ dispersals_NN2 ,_, cyclic_JJ populations_NN2 ,_, and_CC frequent_JJ events_NN2 could_VM buffer_VVI against_II increased_JJ population_NN1 structure_NN1 and_CC loss_NN1 of_IO genetic_JJ diversity_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
There_EX was_VBDZ no_AT apparent_JJ difference_NN1 in_II treatment_NN1 success-rates_NN2 between_II patients_NN2 who_PNQS received_VVD fecal_JJ biotherapy_NN1 administered_VVN via_II the_AT upper_JJ or_CC lower_JJR gastrointestinal_JJ tract_NN1 ,_, respectively_RR (_( Table_NN1 1_MC1 ;_; X2_FO 0.2273_MC ,_, p_ZZ1 NS_NP1 )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Cells_NN2 were_VBDR separated_VVN into_II CD45_FO and_CC CD45+_FO fractions_NN2 using_VVG a_AT1 MiniMACS_NP2 magnetic_JJ column_NN1 separation_NN1 unit_NN1 per_II the_AT manufacturer_NN1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 instructions_NN2 (_( Miltenyi_NP1 )_) ._. 
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<s>
Embolic_JJ strokes_NN2 are_VBR usually_RR of_IO extracranial_JJ origin_NN1 and_CC commonly_RR result_VV0 from_II clots_NN2 formed_VVN in_II the_AT heart_NN1 due_II21 to_II22 atrial_JJ fibrillation_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Shapiro_NP1 would_VM consider_VVI the_AT de-extincted_JJ to_TO be_VBI no_AT different_JJ from_II other_JJ entities_NN2 whose_DDQGE genetics_NN1 have_VH0 been_VBN strongly_RR influenced_VVN by_II human_JJ manipulation_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
S_ZZ1 =_FO 0.69_MC versus_II Spred_JJ =_FO 0.66_MC in_II 1999_MC ;_; and_CC GMU_NP1 56_MC ,_, S_ZZ1 =_FO 0.48_MC versus_II Spred_JJ =_FO 0.47_MC ,_, GMU_NP1 73A_FO ,_, S_ZZ1 =_FO 0.74_MC versus_II Spred_JJ =_FO 0.75_MC in_II 2002_MC ._. 
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<s>
I_PPIS1 have_VH0 not_XX yet_RR explored_VVN the_AT more_RGR sophisticated_JJ approach_NN1 of_IO using_VVG alignment_NN1 information_NN1 from_II earlier_JJR and_CC faster_JJR steps_NN2 in_II the_AT pipeline_NN1 to_TO constrain_VVI (_( band_NN1 )_) subsequent_JJ dynamic_JJ programming_NN1 calculations_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
As_II a_AT1 matter_JJ31 of_JJ32 fact_JJ33 ,_, the_AT mean_JJ grain_NN1 size_NN1 ,_, nitrites_NN2 ,_, nitrates_NN2 and_CC organic_JJ matter_NN1 content_NN1 revealed_VVD to_TO be_VBI fundamental_JJ for_IF structuring_VVG the_AT observed_JJ distribution_NN1 of_IO the_AT nematode_NN1 assemblages_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Williams_NP1 doesn_VV0 '_NULL t_ZZ1 shy_JJ away_II21 from_II22 the_AT science_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
We_PPIS2 here_RL address_VV0 this_DD1 important_JJ question_NN1 via_II a_AT1 direct_JJ comparison_NN1 on_II the_AT basis_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 fullfactorial_JJ 2_MC 2_MC design_NN1 of_IO afterimage_NN1 perception_NN1 ,_, while_CS controlling_VVG for_IF the_AT effects_NN2 of_IO stimulus_NN1 and_CC task_NN1 differences_NN2 ,_, and_CC eye_NN1 movements_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Figure_NN1 3b_FO shows_VVZ multi-pass_NN1 (_( m=1_FO ,_, 3_MC ,_, 5_MC )_) micrographs_NN2 of_IO a_AT1 hexagonal_JJ hole_NN1 pattern_NN1 in_II a_AT1 carbon_NN1 membrane_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT Rhinolophidae_NN2 are_VBR a_AT1 monotypic_JJ family_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
It_PPH1 is_VBZ this_DD1 step_NN1 that_CST lays_VVZ the_AT foundations_NN2 for_IF good_JJ science_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
LTP_NP1 in_II the_AT rat_NN1 dentate_NN1 gyrus_NN1 ,_, where_CS the_AT deficit_NN1 in_II LTP_NP1 correlates_VVZ with_IW learning_VVG impairments_NN2 (_( 18_MC ,_, Many_DA2 genes_NN2 are_VBR differentially_RR expressed_VVN between_II high_JJ and_CC low-latitude_JJ populations_NN2 of_IO both_DB2 D._NP1 melanogaster_NN1 and_CC D._NP1 simulans_NN2 in_II North_ND1 America_NP1 &lsqb;_( 12_MC &rsqb;_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Root_NN1 hairs_NN2 were_VBDR probed_VVN before_II and_CC after_II xyloglucanase_NN1 treatment_NN1 with_IW S4B_FO ,_, or_CC the_AT xyloglucanspecific_JJ monoclonal_JJ antibody_NN1 CCRC-M1_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
ITD_VV0 values_NN2 range_VV0 between_II 0.25_MC (_( equivalent_JJ to_II highest_JJT trophic_JJ diversity_NN1 ;_; the_AT four_MC trophic_JJ guilds_NN2 each_DD1 accounting_NN1 for_IF 25%_NNU oftotal_JJ nematode_NN1 density_NN1 )_) and_CC 1.0_MC (_( equivalent_JJ to_II lowest_JJT diversity_NN1 ;_; one_MC1 trophic_JJ guild_NN1 representing_VVG 100%_NNU ofthe_VV0 total_JJ nematode_NN1 density_NN1 )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Read_VV0 an_AT1 infectious_JJ disease_NN1 textbook_NN1 for_IF most_DAT of_IO the_AT information_NN1 in_II this_DD1 book_NN1 and_CC refer_VV0 to_II recent_JJ review_NN1 articles_NN2 for_IF the_AT hot_JJ subjects_NN2 such_II21 as_II22 quorum_NN1 sensing_NN1 and_CC biofilm_VV0 formation_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT molecular_JJ mechanism_NN1 of_IO SMC_NN1 complexes_NN2 and_CC their_APPGE function_NN1 in_II directing_VVG chromosomal_JJ architecture_NN1 are_VBR among_II the_AT most_RGT actively_RR investigated_VVN topics_NN2 in_II cell_NN1 biology_NN1 today_RT ,_, and_CC biophysical_JJ techniques_NN2 are_VBR key_JJ to_II answering_VVG fundamental_JJ questions_NN2 that_CST are_VBR essential_JJ for_IF their_APPGE elucidation_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Our_APPGE results_NN2 identify_VV0 previously_RR undescribed_JJ links_NN2 between_II tumor_NN1 pathogenesis_NN1 and_CC the_AT ES_NP1 cell_NN1 state_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Consequently_RR ,_, one_MC1 patch_NN1 ,_, say_VV0 patch_NN1 2_MC ,_, yields_VVZ a_AT1 higher_JJR payoff_NN1 than_CSN the_AT other_JJ ._. 
</s>
<s>
There_EX are_VBR various_JJ definitions_NN2 of_IO heterochrony_NN1 ,_, but_CCB in_RR21 general_RR22 it_PPH1 means_VVZ an_AT1 alteration_NN1 in_II timing_NN1 of_IO some_DD aspect_NN1 of_IO development_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
We_PPIS2 report_VV0 an_AT1 in_JJ21 vitro_JJ22 ethanol_NN1 exposure-and_CC withdrawal-model_NN1 during_II differentiation_NN1 of_IO brain-derived_JJ neural_JJ stem_NN1 cells_NN2 ,_, which_DDQ recapitulates_VVZ two_MC key_JJ features_NN2 of_IO FASD_NP1 brain_NN1 (_( neuronal_JJ morphology_NN1 and_CC glial_JJ size_NN1 changes_NN2 )_) and_CC have_VH0 minimal_JJ effects_NN2 on_II NSC_NP1 cell_NN1 fate_NN1 commitments_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Several_DA2 reports_NN2 show_VV0 the_AT suppression_NN1 of_IO glial_JJ growth_NN1 ,_, glial_JJ proliferation_NN1 as_II31 well_II32 as_II33 decreased_JJ expression_NN1 of_IO GFAP_NN1 by_II ethanol_NN1 (_( Guerri_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2001_MC ;_; Guizzetti_NP1 and_CC Costa_NP1 ,_, 1996_MC ;_; Valles_NP2 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 1996_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
A_AT1 wealth_NN1 of_IO information_NN1 regarding_II the_AT structure_NN1 and_CC energetics_NN2 of_IO biological_JJ interactions_NN2 is_VBZ available_JJ from_II x-ray_JJ crystallography_NN1 (_( Lindgren_NP1 et_RA21 al_RA22 ._. 
</s>
<s>
2013_MC )_) and_CC ITC_NP1 (_( Kabiri_NP1 &;_NULL Unsworth_NP1 ,_, 2014_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT sections_NN2 were_VBDR counterstained_VVN with_IW hematoxylin_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
As_CSA in_II SIM2_FO ,_, 10_MC additional_JJ sets_NN2 were_VBDR created_VVN by_II adding_VVG from_II 1%_NNU to_II 5%_NNU substitutions_NN2 or_CC indels_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT plate_NN1 was_VBDZ shaken_VVN at_II room_NN1 temperature_NN1 for_IF 5_MC min_NNU and_CC the_AT amount_NN1 of_IO ABTS%+_FO produced_VVN measured_VVN by_II the_AT suppression_NN1 of_IO absorbance_NN1 at_II 750_MC nm_FU on_II a_AT1 BioRad_NN1 Benchmark_NN1 Plus_II microplate_NN1 spectrophotometer_NN1 (_( Hercules_NP1 ,_, CA_NP1 ,_, USA_NP1 )_) ._. 
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<s>
Predicted_JJ probability_NN1 of_IO gray_JJ fox_NN1 occupancy_NN1 based_VVN on_II modeling_VVG results_NN2 from_II camera-cluster_JJ scale_NN1 co-occurrence_NN1 with_IW (_( B_ZZ1 )_) bobcats_NN2 (_( range_NN1 =0.22-0.44_FO )_) ,_, (_( C_ZZ1 )_) coyotes_NN2 (_( range_NN1 =0.20-0.45_FO )_) ,_, and_CC (_( D_ZZ1 )_) red_JJ foxes_NN2 (_( range_NN1 =0.20-0.45_FO )_) ._. 
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<s>
Cardiosphere-derived_JJ cells_NN2 (_( CDCs_NP1 )_) are_VBR a_AT1 cardiac_JJ stromal_JJ cell_NN1 population_NN1 with_IW regenerative_JJ effects_NN2 (_( 95_MC )_) that_CST are_VBR durable_JJ but_CCB mediated_VVD indirectly_RR (_( 96_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
The_AT prey-to-consumer_JJ trophic_JJ discrimination_NN1 factor_NN1 (_( TDF_NP1 )_) for_IF the_AT scutes_NN2 of_IO green_JJ turtles_NN2 has_VHZ been_VBN assessed_VVN empirically_RR by_II Shimada_NP1 et_RA21 al_RA22 ._. 
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<s>
(_( 2014_MC )_) as_CSA --_JJ 1.4%_FO for_IF S13C_FO and_CC 2.5%_FO for_IF S15N_FO ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT first_MD step_NN1 of_IO our_APPGE study_NN1 was_VBDZ to_TO determine_VVI whether_CSW two_MC P_ZZ1 conditions_NN2 ,_, without_IW P_ZZ1 or_CC with_IW non-limiting_JJ P_ZZ1 supply_VV0 ,_, could_VM affect_VVI the_AT rate_NN1 of_IO P_ZZ1 accumulation_NN1 and_CC polyP_VV0 formation_NN1 in_II the_AT hyphae_NN2 of_IO the_AT ECM_NP1 species_NN ,_, using_VVG 32P_NNU labelling_NN1 ,_, in_RR21 vitro_RR22 and_CC in_RR21 vivo_RR22 31P_NNU NMR_NP1 and_CC cytological_JJ staining_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Here_RL again_RT we_PPIS2 found_VVD that_CST participants_NN2 did_VDD not_XX display_VVI the_AT orders_NN2 of_IO their_APPGE spoken_JJ languages_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
In_II the_AT following_JJ section_NN1 ,_, we_PPIS2 review_VV0 the_AT available_JJ information_NN1 on_II temporal_JJ trends_NN2 in_II TB_NN1 dynamics_NN and_CC host_VV0 abundance_NN1 and_CC distribution_NN1 for_IF the_AT three_MC principal_JJ reservoir_NN1 hosts_NN2 in_II Europe_NP1 ._. 
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<s>
Our_APPGE study_NN1 confirms_VVZ this_DD1 observation_NN1 with_IW vertical_JJ sediment_NN1 profile_NN1 having_VHG a_AT1 greater_JJR impact_NN1 on_II nematode_NN1 community_NN1 structure_NN1 than_CSN the_AT differences_NN2 in_II water_NN1 depths_NN2 in_II the_AT Blanes_NP2 Canyon_NP1 ._. 
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<s>
For_IF monitoring_VVG how_RGQ physical_JJ extracellular_JJ cues_NN2 can_VM potently_RR regulate_VVI intracellular_JJ signaling_NN1 and_CC the_AT epigenome_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
In_II this_DD1 way_NN1 then_RT it_PPH1 seems_VVZ the_AT net_JJ effect_NN1 of_IO strategic_JJ action_NN1 as_II a_AT1 discrete_JJ event_NN1 is_VBZ not_XX immediately_RR obvious_JJ and_CC should_VM be_VBI considered_VVN in_II a_AT1 boarder_NN1 temporal_JJ and_CC political_JJ setting_NN1 over_II the_AT life_NN1 of_IO sometimes_RT prolonged_JJ interaction_NN1 in_II these_DD2 policy_NN1 arenas_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
It_PPH1 is_VBZ even_RR more_RGR problematic_JJ if_CS the_AT substrate_NN1 is_VBZ not_XX soluble_JJ in_II aqueous_JJ buffers_NN2 such_II21 as_II22 collagen_NN1 fibrils_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
However_RR ,_, these_DD2 other_JJ syndromic_JJ features_NN2 are_VBR not_XX lethal_JJ ,_, and_CC many_DA2 do_VD0 not_XX impair_VVI reproduction_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
No_AT wonder_NN1 that_CST this_DD1 topic_NN1 attracted_VVN by_II applied_JJ mathematicians_NN2 &lsqb;_( 4,37_MC &rsqb;_) interested_VVD to_TO formalize_VVI the_AT complex_JJ rules_NN2 of_IO evolution_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Because_CS NJ_NP1 Pinelands_NP2 soils_NN2 are_VBR susceptible_JJ to_II drying_VVG between_II individual_JJ rain_NN1 events_NN2 ,_, it_PPH1 is_VBZ possible_JJ that_CST microbial_JJ resistance_NN1 to_II changing_JJ precipitation_NN1 is_VBZ common_JJ among_II those_DD2 ecosystems_NN2 that_CST are_VBR exposed_VVN to_TO frequent_VVI extremes_NN2 in_II precipitation_NN1 and_CC soil_NN1 moisture_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Another_DD1 six_MC regressors_NN2 (_( for_IF x_ZZ1 ,_, y_ZZ1 ,_, z_ZZ1 ,_, pitch_NN1 ,_, roll_VV0 ,_, and_CC yaw_NN1 )_) from_II the_AT movement_NN1 correction_NN1 were_VBDR applied_VVN ,_, to_TO capture_VVI variance_NN1 due_II21 to_II22 movement_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT most_RGT extensive_JJ contacts_NN2 to_II Gemin5_FO were_VBDR seen_VVN with_IW a_AT1 13-nucleotide_NN1 (_( nt_NNU )_) RNA_NN1 bearing_VVG a_AT1 central_JJ Sm_NP1 site_NN1 (_( Fig._NN1 1B_FO ;_; Jin_NP1 et_RA21 al_RA22 ._. 
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<s>
2016_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
By_II analogy_NN1 with_IW reprogramming_NN1 ,_, perhaps_RR a_AT1 relatively_RR small_JJ number_NN1 of_IO bioactive_JJ components_NN2 provided_VVN in_RR21 vitro_RR22 will_VM be_VBI able_JK to_TO drive_VVI selfassembly_RR of_IO different_JJ types_NN2 of_IO tissue_NN1 stem_NN1 cells_NN2 into_II their_APPGE respective_JJ organ_NN1 subunits_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Conversely_RR ,_, GAS2L1_FO overexpression_NN1 induces_VVZ premature_JJ centrosome_JJ separation_NN1 ,_, and_CC this_DD1 activity_NN1 requires_VVZ GAS2L1_FO association_NN1 with_IW actin_NN1 ,_, microtubules_NN2 ,_, and_CC the_AT microtubule_NN1 end-binding_NN1 proteins_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Preferred_JJ binding_NN1 of_IO sodium_NN1 ,_, to_II the_AT carbonyl_NN1 groups_NN2 ,_, is_VBZ also_RR observed_VVN in_II atomistic_JJ simulations_NN2 &lsqb;_( 42,43_MC &rsqb;_) ._. 
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<s>
The_AT ability_NN1 to_TO use_VVI tools_NN2 is_VBZ generally_RR considered_VVN a_AT1 sign_NN1 of_IO cognitive_JJ ability_NN1 in_II humans_NN2 and_CC other_JJ primates_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Once_CS we_PPIS2 confirmed_VVD the_AT location_NN1 and_CC residency_NN1 status_NN1 of_IO single_JJ or_CC paired_VVD spotted_JJ owls_NN2 ,_, we_PPIS2 attempted_VVD to_TO capture_VVI and_CC radio-mark_JJ all_DB neighboring_VVG barred_JJ owls_NN2 identified_VVN within_II a_AT1 2.0-km_JJ radius_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Testing_VVG categories_NN2 that_CST exhibited_VVD coverage_NN1 variation_NN1 were_VBDR tumor_NN1 profiling_VVG (_( n_ZZ1 =_FO 1_MC1 test_NN1 )_) ,_, inherited_VVD disease_NN1 testing_NN1 for_IF neurological_JJ disorders_NN2 (_( n_ZZ1 =_FO 6_MC tests_NN2 )_) ,_, inherited_VVD disease_NN1 testing_NN1 for_IF cardiovascular_JJ disorders_NN2 (_( n_ZZ1 =_FO 11_MC tests_NN2 )_) ,_, inherited_VVD disease_NN1 testing_NN1 for_IF biochemical_JJ disorders_NN2 (_( n_ZZ1 =_FO 3_MC tests_NN2 )_) ,_, and_CC prenatal_JJ testing_NN1 (_( n_ZZ1 =_FO 5_MC tests_NN2 )_) ._. 
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<s>
Consequently_RR ,_, the_AT interaction_NN1 between_II Q_ZZ1 type_NN1 particles_NN2 and_CC C1/C2_JJ type_NN1 particles_NN2 can_VM be_VBI modeled_VVN with_IW the_AT normal_JJ range_NN1 of_IO interaction_NN1 strengths_NN2 also_RR used_VVN for_IF the_AT other_JJ particles_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Another_DD1 possible_JJ limit_NN1 to_TO effect_VVI size_NN1 was_VBDZ the_AT lingering_JJ effects_NN2 of_IO medium_JJ mountain_NN1 lion_NN1 removal_NN1 levels_NN2 in_II conservative_JJ harvest_NN1 areas_NN2 before_II our_APPGE experiment_NN1 (_( Table_NN1 5_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Scrubby_JJ flatwoods_NN2 are_VBR similar_JJ to_TO scrub_VVI in_II susceptibility_NN1 to_TO fire_VVI because_II21 of_II22 low_JJ biomass_NN1 and_CC presence_NN1 of_IO bare_JJ sand_NN1 patches_NN2 (_( Abrahamson_NP1 and_CC Hartnett_NP1 ,_, 1990_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT larvae_NN2 of_IO many_DA2 noctuoid_JJ genera_NN2 include_VV0 armyworms_NN2 ,_, cutworms_NN2 ,_, bollworms_NN2 and_CC stem_VV0 borers_NN2 ,_, that_DD1 collectively_RR have_VH0 a_AT1 massive_JJ economic_JJ impact_NN1 annually_RR (_( Kitching_NP1 1984_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
Due_II21 to_II22 the_AT short_JJ incubation_NN1 and_CC brooding_JJ periods_NN2 ,_, when_RRQ adults_NN2 attended_VVD nests_NN2 for_IF extended_JJ periods_NN2 ,_, we_PPIS2 were_VBDR limited_VVN in_II the_AT number_NN1 of_IO tests_NN2 that_CST we_PPIS2 could_VM present_VVI at_II each_DD1 nest_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
And_CC in_II 2009_MC ,_, the_AT Ministry_NN1 promulgated_VVN a_AT1 new_JJ law_NN1 on_II advanced_JJ medical_JJ technologies_NN2 ,_, requiring_VVG those_DD2 engaged_VVN in_II highly_RR experimental_JJ or_CC ethically_RR charged_VVN medical_JJ practices_NN2 (_( such_II21 as_II22 many_DA2 stem_VV0 cell_NN1 treatments_NN2 )_) to_TO obtain_VVI prior_JJ MOH_NN1 approval_NN1 or_CC face_VV0 legal_JJ consequences_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
These_DD2 tandem_NN1 repeats_NN2 occur_VV0 in_II a_AT1 small_JJ number_NN1 of_IO other_JJ proteins_NN2 (_( including_II cystathionine_JJ synthase_NN1 (_( CBS_NP1 )_) )_) ,_, usually_RR as_CSA just_RR two_MC repeats_VVZ that_CST assemble_VV0 to_TO form_VVI a_AT1 Bateman_NP1 domain25_FO ,_, with_IW ligand-binding_JJ sites_NN2 in_II the_AT cleft_NN1 between_II the_AT repeats26_FO ._. 
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<s>
Several_DA2 different_JJ kinds_NN2 of_IO primary_JJ cells_NN2 can_VM be_VBI isolated_VVN from_II the_AT human_JJ body_NN1 ;_; however_RR ,_, cells_NN2 are_VBR short-lived_JJ in_II ex_NN1 vivo_NN1 culture_NN1 because_II21 of_II22 senescence_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Purity_NN1 estimates_NN2 correlated_VVN with_IW estimates_NN2 derived_VVN from_II measurements_NN2 of_IO leukocyte_NN1 and_CC lymphocyte_NN1 contamination_NN1 using_VVG DNA_NN1 methylation_NN1 data_NN from_II the_AT same_DA cancers_NN2 (_( Supplementary_JJ Fig._NN1 1c_FO )_) (_( H._NP1 S._NP1 ,_, L._NP1 Yao_NP1 ,_, T._NP1 Tiche_NP1 Jr._NNA ,_, T._NP1 Hinoue_NP1 ,_, C._NP1 Kandoth_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, unpublished_JJ data_NN )_) but_CCB tended_VVD to_TO indicate_VVI lower_JJR purity_NN1 ,_, consistent_JJ with_IW the_AT presence_NN1 of_IO non-hematopoietic_JJ contaminating_JJ normal_JJ cells_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
We_PPIS2 undertook_VVD an_AT1 open-label_NN1 ,_, dose-escalation_JJ phase_NN1 1/2_MF study_NN1 with_IW 12-month_JJ follow-up_NN1 at_II two_MC study_NN1 sites_NN2 (_( France_NP1 and_CC UK_NP1 )_) ._. 
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<s>
Additional_JJ research_NN1 is_VBZ needed_VVN to_TO clarify_VVI the_AT effect_NN1 of_IO chronic_JJ sleep_NN1 loss_NN1 on_II adolescent_JJ endocrine_JJ function_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
One_MC1 exception_NN1 is_VBZ glioblastoma_NN1 that_CST exhibits_VVZ a_AT1 more_RGR invasive_JJ phenotype_NN1 after_II VEGF_NP1 (_( receptor_NN1 )_) blockade_VV0 in_II preclinical_JJ models_NN2 and_CC patients_NN2 ,_, possibly_RR as_II a_AT1 consequence_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 hypoxic_JJ cancer_NN1 stem_NN1 cell_NN1 niche_NN1 that_CST drives_VVZ recurrence_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 more_RGR aggressive_JJ tumor_NN1 (_( Norden_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2009_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
Prosocial_JJ effects_NN2 are_VBR also_RR observed_VVN in_II humans_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
These_DD2 studies_NN2 need_VV0 to_TO be_VBI designed_VVN to_TO show_VVI that_CST the_AT motor_NN1 neurons_NN2 survive_VV0 transplantation_NN1 without_IW forming_VVG teratomas_NN2 ,_, that_CST they_PPHS2 can_VM project_VVI axons_NN2 into_II the_AT ventral_JJ roots_NN2 ,_, and_CC that_CST some_DD reach_VV0 the_AT muscle_NN1 and_CC make_VV0 connections_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT excellence_NN1 of_IO these_DD2 chapters_NN2 left_VVD us_PPIO2 wishing_VVG that_CST the_AT book_NN1 contained_VVD more_DAR discussion_NN1 of_IO theoretical_JJ studies_NN2 of_IO folding_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
It_PPH1 uses_VVZ a_AT1 propagation-based_JJ algorithm_NN1 ,_, a_AT1 preliminary_JJ version_NN1 of_IO which_DDQ appeared_VVD in_II &lsqb;_( 13_MC &rsqb;_) ,_, to_TO infer_VVI a_AT1 strength-of-association_JJ scoring_NN1 function_NN1 that_CST is_VBZ smooth_JJ over_II the_AT network_NN1 (_( i._MC e._ZZ1 ,_, adjacent_JJ nodes_NN2 are_VBR assigned_VVN similar_JJ values_NN2 )_) and_CC exploits_NN2 the_AT prior_JJ information_NN1 on_II causal_JJ genes_NN2 for_IF the_AT same_DA disease_NN1 or_CC similar_JJ ones_NN2 ._. 
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The_AT error_NN1 in_II retardance_NN1 measurements_NN2 is_VBZ obtained_VVN from_II error_NN1 propagation_NN1 as_II &;_NULL &formula;_FO ;_; ._. 
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<s>
In_II contrast_NN1 the_AT jack_NN1 group_NN1 showed_VVD a_AT1 linear_JJ relationship_NN1 between_II counts_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Eggs_NN2 of_IO pig-nosed_JJ turtles_NN2 ,_, like_II terrestrially_RR incubated_VVD fish_NN eggs_NN2 ,_, typically_RR wait_VV0 to_TO hatch_VVI until_CS flooded_VVN (_( Doody_NP1 2011_MC )_) and_CC there_EX is_VBZ evidence_NN1 for_IF synchronization_NN1 of_IO hatching_VVG via_II responses_NN2 to_II cues_NN2 from_II siblings_NN2 in_II several_DA2 turtles_NN2 (_( Spencer_NP1 and_CC Janzen_NP1 2011_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
The_AT newly_RR selected_JJ BACs_NN2 are_VBR sequenced_VVN ,_, and_CC the_AT assembly_NN1 now_RT represents_VVZ complete_JJ copies_NN2 of_IO the_AT two_MC segmental_JJ duplications_NN2 (_( gray_JJ arrows_NN2 )_) in_II the_AT region_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Replication_NN1 timing_NN1 data_NN :_: We_PPIS2 download_VV0 the_AT replication_NN1 timing_NN1 data_NN sets_NN2 for_IF hESC_NN1 (_( cell_NN1 line_NN1 H1_FO (_( Ryba_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2011_MC )_) )_) and_CC mESC_NN1 (_( cell_NN1 line_NN1 46C_FO (_( Hiratani_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2008_MC )_) )_) from_II http_NNU :_: //replicationdomain.com_FU ._. 
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<s>
Investigations_NN2 of_IO the_AT distribution_NN1 of_IO resources_NN2 for_IF butterflies_NN2 on_II the_AT Urato_NP1 Islands_NNL2 were_VBDR conducted_VVN from_II 2003_MC to_II 2005_MC ._. 
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<s>
Further_JJR studies_NN2 should_VM identify_VVI cardiomyocyte-specific_JJ factors_NN2 that_CST may_VM collaborate_VVI with_IW Vegf-C_NP1 and_CC Cxcl12_FO to_TO provide_VVI aortic_JJ specificity_NN1 to_II coronary_JJ artery_NN1 stem_NN1 development_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
This_DD1 is_VBZ evident_JJ by_II a_AT1 recent_JJ report_NN1 that_DD1 SET7/9_FU activity_NN1 is_VBZ not_XX limited_VVN to_II histones_NN2 ;_; it_PPH1 also_RR methylates_VVZ the_AT tumor_NN1 suppressor_NN1 p53_FO (_( 11a_FO )_) ._. 
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<s>
The_AT RuBP_NN1 regeneration-limited_NN1 state_NN1 is_VBZ the_AT only_JJ state_NN1 that_CST does_VDZ not_XX suffer_VVI from_II the_AT problem_NN1 of_IO structural_JJ over_II parameterization_NN1 when_CS J_ZZ1 is_VBZ treated_VVN as_II the_AT only_JJ state-specific_JJ parameter_NN1 for_IF the_AT RuBP_NN1 regeneration_NN1 limitation_NN1 (_( Table1_FO )_) ._. 
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<s>
Using_VVG available_JJ fossils_NN2 for_IF calibration_NN1 we_PPIS2 generate_VV0 a_AT1 BEAST_NN1 chronogram_NN1 ,_, which_DDQ emphasizes_VVZ that_CST the_AT radiation_NN1 of_IO Littorina_NN is_VBZ more_RGR recent_JJ than_CSN that_DD1 of_IO other_JJ littorinine_JJ genera_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Interestingly_RR ,_, while_CS the_AT effect_NN1 of_IO the_AT glial_JJ scar_NN1 and_CC cABC_NN1 treatment_NN1 have_VH0 been_VBN extensively_RR studied_VVN in_II the_AT context_NN1 of_IO axonal_JJ regeneration_NN1 ,_, little_DA1 is_VBZ known_VVN about_II how_RRQ the_AT glial_JJ scar_NN1 and/or_CC cABC_NN1 treatment_NN1 might_VM affect_VVI OPC_NN1 migration_NN1 ,_, differentiation_NN1 ,_, or_CC the_AT process_NN1 of_IO remyelination_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
For_IF the_AT uptake_NN1 assay_NN1 ,_, cell_NN1 aliquots_NN2 were_VBDR then_RT incubated_VVN at_II 37°C_NNU for_IF 0_MC ,_, 5_MC ,_, 10_MC ,_, or_CC 20_MC min_NNU before_II fixation_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Mutants_NN2 were_VBDR grown_VVN individually_RR in_II 200_MC ml_NNU LB_NNU Sm_NP1 and_CC Kan_NN1 per_II well_RR in_II 96-well_JJ plates_NN2 (_( Costar_NP1 )_) overnight_RT at_II 37_MC C_ZZ1 with_IW a_AT1 final_JJ OD600_FO close_RR to_II 1.0_MC ._. 
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<s>
These_DD2 are_VBR described_VVN in_II Table_NN1 1_MC1 ._. 
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<s>
Recent_JJ studies_NN2 have_VH0 underscored_VVN the_AT role_NN1 of_IO the_AT shelterin_NN1 component_NN1 TPP1_FO ,_, a_AT1 gene_NN1 product_NN1 of_IO the_AT adrenocortical_JJ dysplasia_NN1 homolog_NN1 (_( ACD_NP1 )_) ,_, in_II the_AT mechanisms_NN2 of_IO telomerase_NN1 recruitment_NN1 from_II Cajal_JJ bodies_NN2 to_II telomeres_NN2 as_II31 well_II32 as_II33 in_II stimulating_JJ telomerase_NN1 processivity75,96,97_FO ._. 
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<s>
High-latitude_JJ populations_NN2 on_II both_DB2 continents_NN2 consistently_RR experience_VV0 lower_JJR mean_JJ temperatures_NN2 ,_, greater_JJR variance_NN1 in_II temperatures_NN2 across_II seasons_NNT2 ,_, and_CC reduced_VVD UV_JJ light_JJ exposure_NN1 &lsqb;_( 10,15–17_MCMC &rsqb;_) ._. 
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<s>
Pathways_NN2 in_II cell_NN1 cycle_NN1 ,_, mismatch_NN1 repair_NN1 ,_, DNA_NN1 replication_NN1 ,_, and_CC p53_FO signaling_VVG (_( a_AT1 pathway_NN1 with_IW known_JJ cell-cycle_JJ interactions_NN2 )_) ,_, as_II31 well_II32 as_II33 biosynthesis_NN1 pathways_NN2 of_IO amino_NN1 acids_NN2 ,_, lipids_NN2 ,_, and_CC steroids_NN2 ,_, were_VBDR among_II the_AT list_NN1 of_IO overrepresented_JJ pathways_NN2 in_II the_AT three_MC sets_NN2 of_IO data_NN (_( Figure_NN1 4D_NNU )_) ._. 
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<s>
Overall_RR ,_, temporal_JJ control_NN1 of_IO boiling_VVG would_VM be_VBI advantageous_JJ for_IF non-steady-state_JJ applications_NN2 such_II21 as_II22 dispatchable_JJ power_NN1 stations_NN2 ,_, electronics_NN1 cooling32_FO ,_, distributed_VVN power33or_FO microfluidic_JJ actuators34_FO ._. 
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<s>
Female_JJ choice_NN1 has_VHZ indeed_RR two_MC aims_NN2 :_: (_( 1_MC1 )_) to_TO smell_VVI out_RP and_CC approach_VVI a_AT1 male_NN1 that_CST offers_VVZ the_AT number_NN1 of_IO different_JJ MHC_NP1 alleles_NN2 that_CST is_VBZ optimally_RR complementary_JJ to_II the_AT female_NN1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 alleles_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
This_DD1 integrase-like_JJ model_NN1 was_VBDZ further_RRR bolstered_VVN by_II the_AT in_JJ21 vitro_JJ22 reconstitution_NN1 of_IO protospacer_NN1 integration_NN1 into_II a_AT1 plasmid-encoded_JJ CRISPR_NN1 locus_NN1 using_VVG purified_JJ Cas1-Cas2_JJ complex_NN1 (_( Nunez_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2015a_FO )_) ._. 
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<s>
When_CS the_AT quality_NN1 of_IO breeding_NN1 sites_NN2 is_VBZ predictable_JJ across_II years_NNT2 ,_, both_DB2 cues_NN2 can_VM provide_VVI information_NN1 about_II the_AT location_NN1 of_IO suitable_JJ breeding_NN1 sites_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT exact_JJ scaling_NN1 of_IO the_AT prefactor_NN1 is_VBZ still_RR under_II debate_NN1 (_( 16_MC ,_, 62_MC ,_, 79_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
One_MC1 can_VM argue_VVI that_CST the_AT above_JJ reasoning_NN1 is_VBZ based_VVN on_II a_AT1 continuous_JJ medium_NN1 approach_NN1 ,_, which_DDQ is_VBZ a_AT1 crude_JJ approximation_NN1 for_IF the_AT nanoscale_NN1 where_CS molecular_JJ structure_NN1 of_IO water_NN1 must_VM be_VBI allowed_VVN for_IF ._. 
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<s>
Without_IW heuristics_NN2 ,_, the_AT BWA-SW_ND1 approach_NN1 would_VM hurt_VVI performance_NN1 because_CS we_PPIS2 have_VH0 to_TO trade_VVI speed_NN1 for_IF memory_NN1 in_II traversing_VVG the_AT reference_NN1 prefix_NN1 trie_NN1 ,_, and_CC it_PPH1 would_VM be_VBI more_RGR efficient_JJ to_TO traverse_VVI it_PPH1 in_II the_AT outer_JJ loop_NN1 ._. 
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This_DD1 is_VBZ particularly_RR important_JJ if_CS the_AT molecule_NN1 of_IO interest_NN1 is_VBZ moving_VVG ._. 
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<s>
The_AT bestcharacterized_JJ mutations_NN2 were_VBDR in_II homeotic_JJ genes_NN2 ,_, which_DDQ cause_VV0 transformation_NN1 of_IO one_MC1 region_NN1 of_IO the_AT body_NN1 into_II another_DD1 ,_, such_II21 as_II22 antennal_JJ structures_NN2 to_II legs_NN2 or_CC wings_NN2 to_II halteres_NN2 (_( Kaufmann_NP1 et_RA21 al_RA22 ._. 
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1980_MC ,_, Lewis_NP1 1978_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
DNA_NN1 damage_NN1 can_VM be_VBI caused_VVN by_II insults_NN2 from_II the_AT extrinsic_JJ environment_NN1 but_CCB can_VM also_RR occur_VVI in_II31 response_II32 to_II33 cell_NN1 metabolism_NN1 and_CC division_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT strong_JJ induction_NN1 of_IO miR-501_MC upon_II activation_NN1 of_IO MPs_NNU is_VBZ not_XX observed_VVN for_IF its_APPGE host_NN1 gene_NN1 Clcn5_FO isoform-2_MC ._. 
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<s>
We_PPIS2 found_VVD that_CST (_( 1_MC1 )_) NSCs_NP1 and_CC MSCs_NN2 acquire_VV0 large_JJ chromosomal_JJ aberrations_NN2 in_II culture_NN1 at_II a_AT1 similar_JJ (_( for_IF NSCs_NP1 )_) or_CC somewhat_RR lower_JJR (_( for_IF MSCs_NN2 )_) frequency_NN1 to_II that_DD1 seen_VVN in_II PSCs_NP2 ;_; (_( 2_MC )_) different_JJ stem_NN1 cell_NN1 types_NN2 acquire_VV0 distinct_JJ chromosomal_JJ abnormalities_NN2 ;_; and_CC (_( 3_MC )_) once_RR these_DD2 aberrations_NN2 occur_VV0 ,_, they_PPHS2 take_VV0 over_RP the_AT culture_NN1 rapidly_RR ._. 
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<s>
Access_NN1 to_II the_AT field_NN1 site_NN1 and_CC logistical_JJ support_NN1 was_VBDZ provided_VVN by_II the_AT Patuxent_JJ Research_NN1 Refuge_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
We_PPIS2 consider_VV0 the_AT simplest_JJT case_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 uniform_JJ rate_NN1 of_IO severing_VVG along_RP a_AT1 filament_NN1 ;_; in_II other_JJ words_NN2 ,_, severing_VVG takes_VVZ place_NN1 anywhere_RL on_II the_AT one-dimensional_JJ lattice_NN1 with_IW equal_JJ probability_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT book_NN1 includes_VVZ an_AT1 autobiographically_RR inspired_JJ passage_NN1 about_II how_RRQ we_PPIS2 tend_VV0 to_TO ignore_VVI our_APPGE future_JJ self_NN1 when_CS making_VVG decisions_NN2 about_II our_APPGE actions_NN2 in_II the_AT present_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Open_JJ reading_NN1 frame_NN1 (_( ORF_NP1 )_) screen_NN1 :_: a_AT1 collection_NN1 of_IO ORF_NN1 sequences_NN2 are_VBR introduced_VVN into_II cancer_NN1 cells_NN2 through_II transfection_NN1 in_II a_AT1 multiwell_NN1 format_NN1 ,_, and_CC the_AT cells_NN2 are_VBR then_RT exposed_VVN to_II single_JJ or_CC combinatory_JJ agents_NN2 before_II being_VBG tested_VVN for_IF changes_NN2 in_II their_APPGE viability_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
We_PPIS2 selected_VVD 8_MC GMUs_NN1 of_IO similar_JJ habitat_NN1 (_( Fig._NN1 1_MC1 ,_, Table_NN1 2_MC )_) to_TO evaluate_VVI effects_NN2 of_IO coyote_NN1 and_CC mountain_NN1 lion_NN1 removal_NN1 on_II recruitment_NN1 and_CC growth_NN1 of_IO mule_NN1 deer_NN populations_NN2 during_II 1997–2003_MCMC ._. 
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In_II 1958_MC d13Cvalues_FO fall_VV0 to_II a_AT1 minimum_NN1 at_II the_AT end_NN1 of_IO EW_NP1 ,_, showing_VVG no_AT significant_JJ 13C_FO variations_NN2 further_RRR on_RP ._. 
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<s>
Each_DD1 clone_NN1 was_VBDZ expanded_VVN until_CS enough_DD cells_NN2 were_VBDR present_JJ to_TO test_VVI differentiation_NN1 potentials_NN2 as_CSA described_VVN below_RL ._. 
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This_DD1 obviates_VVZ the_AT need_NN1 to_TO download_VVI large_JJ data_NN sets_NN2 ,_, a_AT1 feature_NN1 that_CST will_VM increasingly_RR become_VVI a_AT1 priority_NN1 as_CSA genetic_JJ data_NN volumes_NN2 outstrip_VV0 network_NN1 transfer_NN1 capacities_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
On_II the_AT contrary_NN1 ,_, it_PPH1 could_VM even_RR be_VBI possible_JJ that_CST seed_VV0 endophytic_JJ bacteria_NN2 use_VV0 seeds_NN2 for_IF their_APPGE own_DA dispersion_NN1 as_CSA many_DA2 of_IO these_DD2 bacteria_NN2 are_VBR ubiquitous_JJ in_II different_JJ environ-mental_JJ niches_NN2 (_( Hardoim_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2012_MC )_) (_( Fig._NN1 1_MC1 )_) ._. 
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We_PPIS2 illustrate_VV0 this_DD1 in_II the_AT worked_JJ examples_NN2 to_TO follow_VVI ._. 
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LSID_NP1 for_IF this_DD1 species_NN urn_VV0 :_: lsid_NN1 :_: zoobank.org_NNU :_: act_VV0 :_: ._. 
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<s>
For_REX21 example_REX22 ,_, if_CS a_AT1 3D_NNU MCM_MC model_NN1 predicts_VVZ a_AT1 sharp_JJ bend_NN1 and_CC twist_VV0 at_II a_AT1 two-way_JJ junction_NN1 ,_, one_PN1 could_VM replace_VVI that_DD1 junction_NN1 with_IW a_AT1 previously_RR solved_VVN junction_NN1 known_VVN to_TO form_VVI a_AT1 similar_JJ bend_NN1 and_CC twist_NN1 ._. 
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In_II31 addition_II32 to_II33 these_DD2 three_MC integral_JJ membrane_NN1 protein_NN1 complexes_NN2 ,_, mitochondria_NN1 also_RR have_VH0 acyl-CoA_JJ dehydrogenases_NN2 and_CC electrontransfer_VV0 flavoproteins_NN2 to_TO transfer_VVI electrons_NN2 from_II fatty_JJ acid_NN1 b-oxidation_NN1 to_II the_AT coenzyme_NN1 Q_ZZ1 pool_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
A_AT1 new_JJ physiological_JJ regulation_NN1 does_VDZ not_XX completely_RR replace_VVI the_AT older_JJR ones_NN2 ,_, and_CC homeothermy_NN1 is_VBZ no_AT exception_NN1 to_II this_DD1 rule_NN1 (_( 9_MC )_) ,_, considering_CS21 that_CS22 many_DA2 mammals_NN2 retained_VVD the_AT ability_NN1 to_TO be_VBI heterothermic_JJ (_( 10_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
Trifluoroethanol_NP1 (_( TFE_NP1 )_) solvates_VVZ both_RR blocks_NN2 ,_, which_DDQ promotes_VVZ the_AT interpenetration_NN1 of_IO blocks_NN2 while_CS water_NN1 acts_VVZ as_II a_AT1 selective_JJ solvent_NN1 for_IF the_AT hydrophilic_JJ midblock_NN1 ,_, which_DDQ results_VVZ in_II phase_NN1 separation_NN1 of_IO the_AT hydrophobic_JJ endblocks_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
HMMER_NP1 has_VHZ been_VBN a_AT1 target_NN1 of_IO many_DA2 acceleration_NN1 and_CC optimization_NN1 efforts_NN2 &lsqb;_( 12-15_MCMC &rsqb;_) but_CCB these_DD2 efforts_NN2 have_VH0 had_VHN limited_JJ impact_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
These_DD2 are_VBR individuals_NN2 who_PNQS seek_VV0 to_TO move_VVI out_II21 of_II22 urban_JJ centres_NN2 ,_, with_IW their_APPGE profound_JJ social_JJ problems_NN2 ._. 
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It_PPH1 is_VBZ possible_JJ that_CST the_AT metabolic_JJ depression_NN1 observed_VVN in_II NREM_NP1 sleep_NN1 is_VBZ mediated_VVN by_II the_AT same_DA neural_JJ circuits_NN2 that_CST regulate_VV0 the_AT metabolic_JJ depression_NN1 present_NN1 in_II torpor_NN1 ,_, but_CCB some_DD features_NN2 do_VD0 not_XX appear_VVI to_TO be_VBI the_AT same_DA ._. 
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<s>
In_RR21 particular_RR22 ,_, taxa_NN2 with_IW close_JJ evolutionary_JJ relationships_NN2 tended_VVD to_TO positively_RR associate_VVI at_II a_AT1 few_DA2 proximal_JJ body_NN1 sites_NN2 ,_, while_CS distantly_RR related_JJ taxa_NN2 with_IW functional_JJ similarities_NN2 tended_VVD to_TO compete_VVI ._. 
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<s>
Additionally_RR ,_, the_AT result_NN1 that_CST daily_JJ degree-hours_NNT2 and_CC overall_JJ variation_NN1 in_II temperature_NN1 had_VHD the_AT strongest_JJT support_NN1 for_IF driving_JJ heat_NN1 survival_NN1 holds_VVZ across_II thermal_JJ history_NN1 calculated_VVN from_II temperature_NN1 data_NN over_II the_AT previous_JJ three_MC ,_, fourteen_MC ,_, and_CC twenty-eight_MC days_NNT2 of_IO field_NN1 conditions_NN2 as_RR21 well_RR22 (_( Supplementary_JJ Appendix_NN1 B_ZZ1 )_) ._. 
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Figure_NN1 1B_FO shows_VVZ the_AT change_NN1 in_II LFP_NP1 power_NN1 relative_II21 to_II22 a_AT1 baseline_NN1 period_NN1 (_( defined_VVN as_CSA 0_MC to_II 300_MC ms_NN1 before_II stimulus_NN1 onset_NN1 )_) for_IF three_MC different_JJ sizes_NN2 (_( radii_NN2 of_IO 0.3u_FO ,_, 1.14u_FO ,_, and_CC 2.4u_FO ,_, shown_VVN in_II Figure_NN1 S1B_FO )_) ._. 
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The_AT generality_NN1 of_IO PEV_NP1 showed_VVD that_DD1 heterochromatin_NN1 not_XX only_RR lacks_VVZ gene_NN1 activity_NN1 ,_, but_CCB could_VM routinely_RR cause_VVI gene_NN1 inactivation_NN1 ._. 
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Such_DA an_AT1 understanding_NN1 ,_, even_RR in_II rudimentary_JJ form_NN1 ,_, should_VM afford_VVI considerable_JJ flexibility_NN1 in_II predicting_VVG and_CC interpreting_VVG others_NN2 '_NULL behaviour_NN1 (_( Krebs_NP2 and_CC Dawkins_NP1 ,_, 1984_MC ,_, Byrne_NP1 and_CC Whiten_NP1 ,_, 1988_MC ,_, Cheney_NP1 and_CC Seyfarth_NP1 ,_, 1990andKummer_FO etal._NNU ,_, 1997_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
Surely_RR ,_, other_JJ examples_NN2 of_IO failed_JJ attempts_NN2 to_TO crystallize_VVI nucleosomes_NN2 exist_VV0 in_II many_DA2 other_JJ laboratories_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
As_CSA one_MC1 of_IO the_AT most_RGT important_JJ human_JJ cancers_NN2 ,_, colorectal_JJ carcinoma_NN1 (_( CRC_NP1 )_) is_VBZ characterized_VVN for_IF genetic_JJ and_CC epigenetic_JJ contributions_NN2 to_II the_AT pathophysiology_NN1 (_( 125–128_MCMC )_) ._. 
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<s>
Autophagy_NN1 can_VM also_RR have_VHI a_AT1 direct_JJ influence_NN1 on_II the_AT production_NN1 and_CC secretion_NN1 of_IO cytokines_NN2 including_II IL-1_MC1 ,_, IL-18_MC ,_, TNF-_NN1 ,_, and_CC Type_NN1 I_MC1 interferon_NN1 &lsqb;_( 31_MC &rsqb;_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Future_JJ neuroimaging_JJ studies_NN2 targeted_VVN to_II the_AT peripheral_JJ nervous_JJ system_NN1 may_VM allow_VVI identification_NN1 of_IO PD_NP1 in_II its_APPGE earliest_JJT (_( preclinical_JJ )_) stages_NN2 ,_, improve_VV0 our_APPGE understanding_NN1 of_IO disease_NN1 pathogenesis_NN1 and_CC progression_NN1 ,_, and_CC enable_VV0 the_AT design_NN1 of_IO clinical_JJ trials_NN2 to_TO test_VVI treatments_NN2 that_CST might_VM prevent_VVI or_CC delay_VVI the_AT onset_NN1 of_IO motor_NN1 and_CC other_JJ central_JJ nervous_JJ system_NN1 features_NN2 of_IO PD_NP1 ._. 
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<s>
For_IF individual_JJ subject_NN1 statistics_NN ,_, unpaired_JJ t_ZZ1 tests_NN2 were_VBDR calculated_VVN for_IF each_DD1 time_NNT1 sample_NN1 on_II individual_JJ trials_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Recognizing_VVG these_DD2 biases_NN2 helps_VVZ to_TO choose_VVI the_AT best_JJT suited_JJ model_NN1 and_CC to_TO reduce_VVI the_AT likelihood_NN1 of_IO misinterpreting_VVG the_AT data_NN ._. 
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<s>
In_II striking_JJ contrast_NN1 with_IW adherent_NN1 cells_NN2 ,_, we_PPIS2 found_VVD that_CST in_II migrating_VVG Walker_NP1 cells_NN2 ,_, the_AT dipolar_JJ moment_NN1 of_IO the_AT force_NN1 distribution_NN1 was_VBDZ positive_JJ (_( Fig._NN1 4a_FO )_) ._. 
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<s>
Despite_II this_DD1 uncertainty_NN1 ,_, December_NPM1 fawn_JJ ratios_NN2 provided_VVD a_AT1 useful_JJ metric_JJ to_TO interpret_VVI fawn_JJ ratios_NN2 within_II our_APPGE study_NN1 area_NN1 ,_, as_CSA changes_NN2 in_II neonatal_JJ survival_NN1 were_VBDR reflected_VVN in_II fawn-to_NN1 adult_NN1 female_NN1 ratios_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
In_II one_MC1 approach_NN1 ,_, surrogate_NN1 products_NN2 (_( those_DD2 with_IW overall_NN1 &formula;tion_FO and_CC application_NN1 characteristics_NN2 similar_JJ to_II candidate_NN1 microbicides_VVZ under_II development_NN1 )_) are_VBR evaluated_VVN for_IF indications_NN2 of_IO acceptability_NN1 via_II a_AT1 user_NN1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 intention_NN1 to_TO use_VVI a_AT1 product_NN1 like_II this_DD1 one_PN1 in_II the_AT future_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Laboratory_NN1 breeding_NN1 experiments_NN2 were_VBDR carried_VVN out_RP at_II four_MC different_JJ temperatures_NN2 (_( 2_MC ,_, 4_MC ,_, 8_MC ,_, and_CC 12°C_NNU )_) ._. 
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<s>
We_PPIS2 now_RT have_VH0 a_AT1 greater_JJR appreciation_NN1 of_IO the_AT fact_NN1 that_CST most_DAT of_IO our_APPGE genome_NN1 is_VBZ transcribed_VVN and_CC that_DD1 noncoding_JJ RNA_NN1 may_VM play_VVI a_AT1 fundamental_JJ role_NN1 in_II epigenetic_JJ regulation_NN1 (_( Amaral_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2008_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
Here_RL we_PPIS2 show_VV0 how_RRQ a_AT1 tissue_NN1 bank_NN1 from_II 150_MC selected_JJ homozygous_JJ HLA-typed_JJ volunteers_NN2 could_VM match_VVI 93%_NNU of_IO the_AT UK_NP1 population_NN1 with_IW a_AT1 minimal_JJ requirement_NN1 for_IF immunosuppression_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
An_AT1 informal_JJ group_NN1 within_II the_AT subfamily_RR Staphylininae_NP1 that_CST includes_VVZ the_AT tribes_NN2 Staphylinini_NN1 and_CC Arrowinini_NP1 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT protein-DNA_JJ chimeras_NN2 display_VV0 an_AT1 interesting_JJ interplay_NN1 between_II entropy_NN1 and_CC elastic_JJ and_CC binding_JJ energies_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Although_CS two_MC distinct_JJ inward-facing_JJ conformations_NN2 have_VH0 been_VBN determined_VVN for_IF PglK_NP1 ,_, the_AT observed_JJ cavities_NN2 do_VD0 not_XX appear_VVI to_TO contribute_VVI to_II the_AT interaction_NN1 with_IW the_AT substrate_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
We_PPIS2 evaluated_VVD the_AT degree_NN1 to_II which_DDQ 95%_NNU confidence_NN1 intervals_NN2 of_IO regression_NN1 coefficients_NN2 (_( b_ZZ1 )_) overlapped_VVD 0_MC to_TO determine_VVI the_AT direction_NN1 ,_, precision_NN1 ,_, and_CC strength_NN1 of_IO evidence_NN1 for_IF covariate_NN1 effects_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
This_DD1 guides_VVZ PRC2_FO recruitment_NN1 to_II the_AT X_ZZ1 chromosome_NN1 &lsqb;_( 101_MC &rsqb;_) ._. 
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<s>
The_AT TGF_NP1 β_NULL pathway_NN1 seems_VVZ to_TO have_VHI emerged_VVN with_IW the_AT first_MD animal_NN1 species3_FO ,_, ostensibly_RR to_TO control_VVI multicellular_JJ life_NN1 in_II metazoans_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
For_REX21 example_REX22 ,_, making_VVG a_AT1 wellcharacterized_JJ iPSC_NN1 line_NN1 takes_VVZ about_RG 8_MC months_NNT2 if_CS one_PN1 includes_VVZ the_AT time_NNT1 required_VVN to_TO thoroughly_RR characterize_VVI the_AT cells_NN2 ,_, store_VV0 sufficient_JJ numbers_NN2 of_IO cells_NN2 for_IF use_NN1 and_CC distribution_NN1 ,_, and_CC grow_VV0 to_TO sufficiently_RR long_JJ passages_NN2 to_TO obtain_VVI the_AT requisite_JJ epigenetic_JJ stability_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
For_REX21 example_REX22 ,_, the_AT feeding_JJ habits_NN2 of_IO Myotis_NN1 daubentonii_NN2 were_VBDR observed_VVN using_VVG spotlighting_NN1 ,_, and_CC the_AT species_NN was_VBDZ seen_VVN catching_VVG insects_NN2 over_II water_NN1 surfaces_NN2 (_( Dietz_NP1 et_RA21 al_RA22 ._. 
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<s>
2006_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT brains_NN2 were_VBDR removed_VVN and_CC stored_VVN in_II 4%_NNU polyformaldehyde_NN1 at_II 4oC_FO for_IF additional_JJ 4_MC h_ZZ1 ,_, and_CC then_RT transferred_VVN to_II 20%_NNU sucrose_NN1 for_IF 24_MC h_ZZ1 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT sagittal_NN1 brain_NN1 sections_NN2 were_VBDR cut_VVN at_II 16mm_NNU with_IW microtome_NN1 and_CC every_AT1 eighth_MD sections_NN2 were_VBDR collected_VVN ._. 
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<s>
Shorter_JJR syllables_NN2 are_VBR either_RR the_AT result_NN1 of_IO incomplete_JJ closure_NN1 of_IO the_AT tegmina_NN1 ,_, where_CS the_AT plectrum_NN1 does_VDZ not_XX fully_RR traverse_VVI the_AT file_NN1 ,_, or_CC missing_JJ file_NN1 teeth_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Here_RL ,_, we_PPIS2 report_VV0 that_CST the_AT microtubule_NN1 plus-end_JJ tracking_JJ protein_NN1 (_( +TIP_FO )_) SLAIN2_FO ,_, which_DDQ suppresses_VVZ catastrophes_NN2 ,_, is_VBZ not_XX required_VVN for_IF 2D_NNU cell_NN1 migration_NN1 but_CCB is_VBZ essential_JJ for_IF mesenchymal_JJ cell_NN1 invasion_NN1 in_II 3D_NNU culture_NN1 and_CC in_II a_AT1 mouse_NN1 cancer_NN1 model_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Clinical_JJ success_NN1 has_VHZ been_VBN achieved_VVN by_II infusing_VVG purified_JJ islets_NN2 into_II the_AT portal_NN1 vein_NN1 ,_, whereby_RRQ they_PPHS2 lodge_VV0 within_II small_JJ vessels_NN2 in_II the_AT liver_NN1 and_CC produce_VV0 insulin_NN1 in_II a_AT1 regulated_JJ manner_NN1 ._. 
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Such_DA tumors_NN2 seem_VV0 to_TO be_VBI homogeneous_JJ or_CC possess_VV0 a_AT1 very_RG shallow_JJ hierarchy_NN1 ._. 
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Pelletier_NP1 et_RA21 al_RA22 ._. 
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<s>
(_( page_NN1 1165_MC )_) concluded_VVD that_CST '_NULL Subordinate_JJ rams_NN2 appeared_VVD to_TO detect_VVI some_DD subtle_JJ '_NULL vulnerabilities_NN2 '_NULL in_II captured_VVD rams_NN2 just_RR after_II the_AT release_NN1 ._. '_NULL ._. 
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<s>
Negastriinae_NN2 and_CC Cardiophorinae_NP1 were_VBDR inferred_VVN from_II all_DB analyses_NN2 ,_, but_CCB their_APPGE position_NN1 was_VBDZ unstable_JJ (_( Figs_NN2 1_MC1 and_CC 2_MC )_) and_CC they_PPHS2 formed_VVD a_AT1 monophylum_NN1 as_CSA proposed_VVN by_II Sagegami-Oba_NP1 et_RA21 al_RA22 ._. 
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(_( 2007a_FO )_) only_RR in_II some_DD analyses_NN2 (_( Fig._NN1 1_MC1 )_) ._. 
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<s>
A_AT1 key_JJ molecular_JJ cassette_NN1 in_II this_DD1 process_NN1 is_VBZ the_AT Frizzled_JJ (_( Fz_NP1 )_) /PCP_VV0 core_NN1 group_NN1 ,_, consisting_VVG of_IO two_MC complexes_NN2 :_: Van_NP1 Gogh_NP1 (_( Vang_NP1 ,_, Strabismus/Stbm_NP1 )_) and_CC Prickle_NP1 (_( Pk_NP1 )_) localize_VV0 proximally_RR in_II wing_NN1 cells_NN2 ,_, or_CC to_II the_AT R4_FO photoreceptor_NN1 precursors_NN2 in_II developing_JJ eyes_NN2 ;_; and_CC Fz_NP1 itself_PPX1 ,_, Dishevelled_JJ (_( Dsh_NP1 ,_, Dvl_NP1 )_) ,_, and_CC Diego_NP1 (_( Dgo_NP1 ;_; Diversin_NP1 and_CC Inversin_NN1 in_II vertebrates_NN2 )_) localize_VV0 distally_RR in_II wing_NN1 cells_NN2 or_CC polar_JJ in_II photoreceptor_NN1 R3_FO and_CC R4_FO precursors_NN2 in_II ommatidial_JJ preclusters_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Individual_JJ glycan_NN1 determinants_NN2 ,_, presented_VVN by_II proteins_NN2 and/or_CC lipids_NN2 ,_, have_VH0 already_RR reached_VVN the_AT status_NN1 of_IO being_VBG familiar_JJ to_II a_AT1 wide_JJ community_NN1 ,_, albeit_CS under_II a_AT1 different_JJ name_NN1 --_NN1 that_REX21 is_REX22 ,_, as_CSA the_AT CD_NN1 (_( cluster_NN1 of_IO differentiation_NN1 )_) code_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
In_II such_DA situations_NN2 ,_, one_PN1 can_VM often_RR obtain_VVI more_RGR accurate_JJ results_NN2 by_II using_VVG genome-wide_JJ data_NN rather_II21 than_II22 data_NN for_IF only_RR significantly_RR associated_VVN variants11_FO ._. 
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<s>
Strategies_NN2 on_II how_RRQ to_II best_JJT use_NN1 blood_NN1 products_NN2 ,_, and_CC the_AT development_NN1 of_IO processes_NN2 to_TO improve_VVI the_AT quality_NN1 of_IO blood_NN1 products_NN2 will_VM make_VVI blood_NN1 transfusion_NN1 a_AT1 safer_JJR and_CC more_RGR effective_JJ treatment_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Like_II hormones_NN2 ,_, norepinephrine_NN1 is_VBZ implicated_VVN in_II regulating_VVG the_AT switch_NN1 between_II singing_VVG behavior_NN1 in_II different_JJ social_JJ contexts_NN2 (_( &lsqb;_( Barclay_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 1992_MC &rsqb;_) ,_, &lsqb;_( Barclay_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 1996_MC &rsqb;_) ,_, &lsqb;_( Castelino_NP1 and_CC Ball_NN1 ,_, 2005_MC &rsqb;_) and_CC &lsqb;_( Castelino_NP1 and_CC Ball_NN1 ,_, 2006_MC &rsqb;_) )_) ._. 
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<s>
Hence_RR ,_, a_AT1 potential_JJ habitat_NN1 shift_NN1 might_VM be_VBI expected_VVN as_CSA adult_JJ loggerhead_NN1 turtles_NN2 grow_VV0 older_JJR and_CC improve_VV0 their_APPGE spatial_JJ knowledge_NN1 of_IO the_AT area_NN1 and_CC navigational_JJ skills_NN2 (_( Eder_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2012_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
There_EX is_VBZ abundant_JJ genetic_JJ evidence_NN1 for_IF the_AT existence_NN1 of_IO multiple_JJ pathways_NN2 for_IF auxin_NN1 biosynthesis_NN1 and_CC degradation_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
In_II such_DA cases_NN2 ,_, we_PPIS2 tentatively_RR propose_VV0 that_CST a_AT1 late_JJ local_JJ effect_NN1 may_VM still_RR be_VBI suggestive_JJ of_IO conscious_JJ processing_NN1 of_IO the_AT local_JJ variations_NN2 in_II a_AT1 subject_NN1 who_PNQS could_VM not_XX extract_VVI the_AT global_JJ auditory_JJ rule_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Functional_JJ trait_NN1 compositions_NN2 also_RR differed_VVN between_II HGs_NP1 ,_, but_CCB there_EX was_VBDZ a_AT1 greater_JJR degree_NN1 of_IO overlap_NN1 than_CSN for_IF taxonomic_JJ compositions_NN2 ,_, particularly_RR between_II Ranunculus_NP1 sp_NNU ._. 
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<s>
Additionally_RR ,_, the_AT loss_NN1 of_IO maternal_JJ Dnmt3a_FO ,_, but_CCB not_XX Dnmt3L_FO (_( Fig._NN1 4c_FO and_CC Supplementary_JJ Fig._NN1 5b_FO )_) ,_, leads_VVZ to_II significantly_RR reduced_VVN paternal_JJ 5hmC_FO in_II PN4_FO zygotes_VVZ ._. 
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<s>
Although_CS many_DA2 fruit_NN trees_NN2 were_VBDR re-visited_VVN frequently_RR ,_, more_DAR than_CSN once_RR per_II day_NNT1 in_II some_DD cases_NN2 ,_, it_PPH1 was_VBDZ not_XX common_JJ to_TO find_VVI fresh_JJ fruits_NN2 underneath_II the_AT trees_NN2 after_II a_AT1 coati_NN2 group_NN1 visited_VVN (_( Hirsch_NP1 2009_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
For_IF Monkey_NN1 1_MC1 ,_, the_AT upper_JJ half_NN1 of_IO the_AT grid_NN1 did_VDD not_XX yield_VVI any_DD responses_NN2 at_RR21 all_RR22 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT two_MC specific_JJ objectives_NN2 were_VBDR :_: (_( 1_MC1 )_) to_TO compare_VVI microbial_JJ activity_NN1 and_CC chemical_JJ parameters_NN2 in_II surface_NN1 and_CC hyporheic_JJ pore_NN1 water_NN1 ;_; and_CC (_( 2_MC )_) to_TO explore_VVI temporal_JJ variability_NN1 of_IO microbial_JJ activity_NN1 along_II hyporheic_JJ flow_NN1 paths_NN2 and_CC its_APPGE relationship_NN1 to_II increasing_JJ water_NN1 residence_NN1 times_NNT2 and_CC changes_NN2 in_II nutrient_NN1 and_CC energy_NN1 availability_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Both_DB2 studies_NN2 found_VVD that_CST neither_RR ATP_NN1 nor_CC a_AT1 loading_NN1 complex_NN1 were_VBDR necessary_JJ for_IF cohesin_NN1 loading_NN1 and_CC diffusion_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
These_DD2 norms_NN2 ,_, however_RR ,_, are_VBR not_XX shared_VVN by_II all_DB researchers_NN2 ,_, some_DD of_IO whom_PNQO have_VH0 a_AT1 more_RGR proprietary_JJ view_NN1 of_IO the_AT data_NN that_CST they_PPHS2 generate_VV0 &lsqb;_( 11_MC &rsqb;_) ._. 
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<s>
Williams_NP1 et_RA21 al_RA22 ._. 
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<s>
1996_MC )_) ,_, Rockwell_NP1 and_CC Ankney_NP1 (_( 2000:34_MC )_) were_VBDR "_" confident_JJ that_CST ,_, given_VVN the_AT opportunity_NN1 ,_, hunters_NN2 can_VM easily_RR exceed_VVI a_AT1 revised_JJ target_NN1 harvest_NN1 of_IO 1.41_MC million_NNO snow_NN1 geese_NN2 ,_, especially_RR in_II the_AT first_MD several_DA2 years_NNT2 of_IO this_DD1 endeavor_NN1 ._. "_" 
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<s>
As_CSA he_PPHS1 states_VVZ ,_, "_" It_PPH1 does_VDZ not_XX help_VVI that_CST the_AT very_JJ definition_NN1 of_IO illness_NN1 in_II one_MC1 circumstance_NN1 becomes_VVZ the_AT definition_NN1 of_IO exceptional_JJ ability_NN1 in_II another_DD1 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT GAL4/UAS_FU system_NN1 (_( Brand_NP1 and_CC Perrimon_NP1 ,_, 1993_MC )_) was_VBDZ used_VVN for_IF expression_NN1 of_IO RNAi_NP1 and_CC constructs_NN2 ,_, in_II combination_NN1 with_IW GAL80ts_FO (_( McGuire_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2003_MC )_) or_CC UAS-Dcr2_JJ where_CS indicated_VVN ._. 
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<s>
Analysis_NN1 methods_NN2 such_II21 as_II22 Northern_JJ blotting_NN1 ,_, RNase_NP1 protection_NN1 ,_, RT-PCR_NP1 ,_, in_RR21 situ_RR22 hybridisation_NN1 as_II31 well_II32 as_II33 the_AT use_NN1 of_IO Xenopus_NN1 oocytes_NN2 and_CC yeast_VV0 cells_NN2 for_IF the_AT expression_NN1 of_IO plant_NN1 mRNA_NN1 and_CC cDNA_NN1 are_VBR described_VVN ._. 
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<s>
The_AT CTD1_FO functions_VVZ as_II the_AT RBD_NP1 of_IO SARS-CoV_NP1 S_ZZ1 glycoprotein_NN1 ,_, which_DDQ specifically_RR binds_VVZ to_II the_AT cellular_JJ receptor_NN1 ACE2_FO ._. 
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<s>
However_RR ,_, for_IF the_AT three_MC highest_RRT ranked_VVN homozygous_JJ HLA_NP1 types_NN2 identified_VVN (_( Table_NN1 1_MC1 )_) ,_, two_MC (_( HLA-A1_NN1 ,_, -B8_NN1 ,_, and_CC -DR17(3)_JJ and_CC HLA-A3_NN1 ,_, -B7_NN1 ,_, and_CC -DR15(2)_NN1 )_) are_VBR highly_RR conserved_VVN at_II the_AT allele_NN1 (_( four-digit_NN1 )_) level_NN1 and_CC include_VV0 HLA-C_JJ and_CC -DQ_JJ linkage_NN1 at_II a_AT1 ratio_NN1 >95%_FO ._. 
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As_CSA M6PR_FO traffics_NN2 from_II endosomes_NN2 to_II Golgi_NP1 in_II a_AT1 SNX1-dependent_JJ fashion_NN1 (_( Carlton_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2004_MC )_) ,_, this_DD1 suggests_VVZ that_DD1 spastin_NN1 depletion_NN1 causes_VVZ tubulation_NN1 of_IO only_RR a_AT1 subset_NN1 of_IO SNX1_FO pathways_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
These_DD2 methods_NN2 are_VBR considered_VVN in_II two_MC sections_NN2 ,_, the_AT first_MD dealing_VVG with_IW the_AT case_NN1 for_IF describing_VVG niche_NN1 width_NN1 on_II a_AT1 single_JJ member_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 community_NN1 (_( e._ZZ1 g._NNU a_AT1 single_JJ taxonomic_JJ species_NN )_) ,_, and_CC the_AT second_NNT1 when_RRQ inference_NN1 across_II multiple_JJ groups_NN2 is_VBZ desired_VVN (_( e._ZZ1 g._NNU across_II foraging_VVG guilds_NN2 or_CC entire_JJ communities_NN2 )_) ._. 
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The_AT discovery_NN1 of_IO LTP_NP1 was_VBDZ also_RR not_XX premature_JJ ,_, as_CSA some_DD scientists_NN2 immediately_RR saw_VVD its_APPGE implications_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
A_AT1 reasonably_RR high_JJ frame_NN1 rate_NN1 is_VBZ already_RR available_JJ commercially_RR with_IW the_AT Gatan_JJ K2/Summit_FU detector_NN1 (_( Li_NP1 et_RA21 al_RA22 ._. 
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2013a_FO )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Rescued_JJ strains_NN2 carried_VVD out_RP for_IF a_AT1 total_NN1 of_IO 26_MC days_NNT2 continued_VVD to_TO show_VVI undetectable_JJ apicoplast_NN1 genome_NN1 and_CC detectable_JJ mitochondria_NN1 and_CC nuclear_JJ genomes_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Finally_RR ,_, we_PPIS2 removed_VVD any_DD gene_NN1 in_II which_DDQ there_EX existed_VVD any_DD CNV_NP1 with_IW a_AT1 frequency_NN1 greater_JJR than_CSN 0.5%_FO (_( 1,193_MC genes_NN2 )_) ._. 
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<s>
Females_NN2 in_II Moremi_NP1 made_VVD categorical_JJ distinctions_NN2 between_II females_NN2 who_PNQS were_VBDR within_II 3_MC months_NNT2 of_IO their_APPGE own_DA age_NN1 and_CC those_DD2 who_PNQS were_VBDR further_JJR from_II their_APPGE own_DA age_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Five_MC proteins_NN2 comprise_VV0 the_AT ET_NP1 receptors_NN2 --_NN1 ETR1_FO ,_, ETR2_FO ,_, ERS1_FO ,_, ERS2_FO ,_, and_CC EIN4_FO --_NN1 all_DB of_IO which_DDQ are_VBR homologous_JJ to_II bacterial_JJ two-component_JJ histidine_NN1 kinases_NN2 involved_JJ in_II sensing_VVG environmental_JJ changes_NN2 (_( 136_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
However_RR ,_, one_PN1 should_VM keep_VVI in_II mind_NN1 that_CST while_CS synthetic_JJ lethal_JJ interactions_NN2 are_VBR always_RR between_II genes_NN2 ,_, eQTLbased_JJ analysis_NN1 uncovers_VVZ interacting_JJ genetic_JJ loci_NN2 which_DDQ may_VM include_VVI noncoding_VVG regions_NN2 of_IO the_AT genome_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT identification_NN1 of_IO stress-inducible_JJ signal_NN1 transducers_NN2 gave_VVD rise_NN1 to_II the_AT idea_NN1 that_CST plants_NN2 have_VH0 developed_VVN flexible_JJ cellular_JJ response_NN1 mechanisms_NN2 to_TO efficiently_RR respond_VVI to_II various_JJ abiotic_JJ stresses_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
This_DD1 urbanization_NN1 has_VHZ critical_JJ implications_NN2 for_IF biodiversity_NN1 conservation_NN1 ,_, causing_VVG substantial_JJ loss_NN1 ,_, modification_NN1 and_CC fragmentation_NN1 of_IO natural_JJ habitats_NN2 ,_, which_DDQ has_VHZ been_VBN identified_VVN as_II a_AT1 major_JJ threat_NN1 to_II local_JJ and_CC global_JJ biodiversity_NN1 (_( Faaborg_NP1 etal.1993_FO ,_, Vitousek_NP1 etal.1997_FO ,_, Crooks2002_FO ,_, McKinney2002_FO ,_, Angold_NP1 etal.2006_FO )_) ._. 
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<s>
Other_JJ areas_NN2 for_IF future_JJ study_NN1 include_VV0 the_AT interactions_NN2 between_II taste_NN1 organ_NN1 innervation_NN1 and_CC Hh_NP1 regulation_NN1 ,_, distinctive_JJ signaling_JJ mechanisms_NN2 and_CC taste_NN1 organ_NN1 maintenance_NN1 roles_NN2 in_II various_JJ niches_NN2 ,_, possible_JJ niche-specific_JJ stem/progenitor_NN1 cells_NN2 ,_, potential_JJ noncanonical_JJ Hh_NP1 signaling_VVG in_II particular_JJ taste_NN1 organ_NN1 niches_NN2 ,_, and_CC a_AT1 full_JJ identification_NN1 of_IO Hh_NP1 signaling_VVG elements_NN2 in_II taste_NN1 organs_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Trachoma_NN1 control_NN1 has_VHZ influenced_VVN the_AT practice_NN1 of_IO medicine_NN1 and_CC evolution_NN1 of_IO ophthalmology_NN1 ;_; it_PPH1 has_VHZ played_VVN a_AT1 part_NN1 in_II the_AT creation_NN1 of_IO world-renowned_JJ eye_NN1 hospitals_NN2 ,_, contributed_VVN to_II immigration_NN1 regulations_NN2 ,_, and_CC driven_JJ disease-control_JJ programmes_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Cells_NN2 were_VBDR plated_VVN on_II six-well_JJ multiwell_NN1 plates_NN2 ,_, and_CC 2_MC mL_NNU of_IO virus_NN1 containing_VVG supernatant_JJ and_CC 2_MC mL_NNU of_IO fresh_JJ medium_NN1 were_VBDR added_VVN per_II well_RR ._. 
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<s>
Aggregation_NN1 ,_, however_RR ,_, leads_VVZ to_II a_AT1 loss_NN1 of_IO detailed_JJ information_NN1 on_II the_AT individual_JJ countries_NN2 and_CC timber_NN1 species_NN ._. 
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<s>
The_AT commercial_JJ Dungeness_NN1 crab_NN1 and_CC recreational_JJ razor_NN1 clam_NN1 fisheries_NN2 were_VBDR particularly_RR impacted_VVN ._. 
</s>
<s>
Each_DD1 model_NN1 differed_VVN in_II how_RRQ receiver_NN1 distance_NN1 might_VM have_VHI influenced_VVN variance_NN1 in_II headbob_NN1 speed_NN1 between_II taxa_NN2 :_: (_( 1_MC1 )_) display_VV0 speed_NN1 increased_VVD linearly_RR with_IW neighbour_NN1 distance_NN1 (_( the_AT '_NULL linear_JJ regression_NN1 '_NULL model_NN1 )_) ;_; (_( 2_MC )_) display_VV0 speed_NN1 increased_VVN at_II progressively_RR greater_JJR increments_NN2 with_IW neighbour_NN1 distance_NN1 (_( the_AT '_NULL polynomial_NN1 regression_NN1 '_NULL model_NN1 ;_; i._MC e.y=x+x2_FO )_) ;_; (_( 3_MC )_) display_VV0 speed_NN1 only_RR increased_VVN in_II lineages_NN2 estimated_VVN by_II maximum_JJ likelihood_NN1 to_TO have_VHI neighbour_NN1 distances_NN2 farther_RRR than_CSN 5m_NNU (_( the_AT '_NULL threshold_NN1 :_: likelihood_NN1 '_NULL model_NN1 )_) ;_; (_( 4_MC )_) display_VV0 speed_NN1 only_RR increased_VVN in_II lineages_NN2 estimated_VVN by_II parsimony_NN1 to_TO have_VHI neighbour_NN1 distances_NN2 farther_RRR than_CSN 5m_NNU (_( the_AT '_NULL threshold_NN1 :_: parsimony_NN1 '_NULL model_NN1 )_) ;_; or_CC (_( 5_MC )_) display_VV0 speed_NN1 is_VBZ unrelated_JJ to_II neighbour_NN1 distances_NN2 (_( the_AT '_NULL null_JJ '_NULL model_NN1 )_) ._. 
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<s>
The_AT sample_NN1 was_VBDZ digested_VVN by_II 300_MC mg_NNU proteinase_NN1 K_ZZ1 at_II 65_MC C_NP1 overnight_RT ,_, followed_VVN by_II RNase_NP1 treatment_NN1 for_IF 1_MC1 hr_NNU at_II 37_MC C._NP1 DNA_NN1 was_VBDZ phenol-chloroform_JJ extracted_JJ and_CC ethanol_NN1 precipitated_VVN and_CC analyzed_VVN with_IW PCR_NP1 ,_, qPCR_NNU ,_, and_CC sequencing_NN1 ._. 
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The_AT net_JJ effect_NN1 is_VBZ the_AT proatherosclerotic_JJ inflammatory_JJ process_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
We_PPIS2 showed_VVD that_CST PSK_NP1 is_VBZ indeed_RR the_AT signal_NN1 molecule_NN1 in_II PTI_JJ inhibition_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
There_EX are_VBR also_RR modest_JJ differences_NN2 according_II21 to_II22 the_AT origin_NN1 of_IO the_AT entrepreneur_NN1 regarding_II access_NN1 to_II non-local_JJ sources_NN2 of_IO capital_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Not_XX only_RR does_VDZ its_APPGE expression_NN1 increase_VVI with_IW mammary_JJ development_NN1 ,_, but_CCB adding_VVG Cripto1_FO to_II ,_, or_CC overexpressing_VVG it_PPH1 in_RP ,_, cultured_JJ mammary_JJ epithelial_JJ cells_NN2 triggers_VVZ a_AT1 fibroblast_NN1 morphology_NN1 ,_, decreases_VVZ the_AT level_NN1 of_IO E_ZZ1 cadherin_NN1 and_CC increases_VVZ the_AT levels_NN2 of_IO N_ZZ1 cadherin_NN1 ,_, vimentin_NN1 and_CC SNAIL_NN1 expression195_FO ._. 
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<s>
Ecological_JJ niche_NN1 modeling_NN1 indicated_VVD that_CST the_AT geographic_JJ range_NN1 of_IO the_AT black-throated_JJ bobwhite_NN1 has_VHZ been_VBN fragmented_VVN since_CS at_RR21 least_RR22 the_AT Last_MD Interglacial_JJ ._. 
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<s>
Silencing_NN1 of_IO miR-122_MC in_II the_AT liver_NN1 using_VVG antagomirs_NN2 identified_VVN a_AT1 large_JJ number_NN1 of_IO transcripts_NN2 that_CST were_VBDR upregulated_VVN compared_VVN with_IW controls_NN2 using_VVG a_AT1 scrambled_JJ antagomir41_FO ._. 
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<s>
Analysis_NN1 was_VBDZ restricted_VVN to_II sites_NN2 whose_DDQGE receptive_JJ field_NN1 centers_NN2 were_VBDR within_II 0.2u_FO from_II the_AT stimulus_NN1 center_NN1 and_CC for_IF which_DDQ the_AT firing_NN1 rate_NN1 was_VBDZ at_RR21 least_RR22 1_MC1 spike/s_FU for_IF each_DD1 of_IO the_AT six_MC sizes_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
If_CS bears_NN2 use_VV0 areas_NN2 near_II the_AT highway_NN1 but_CCB do_VD0 not_XX cross_VVI the_AT highway_NN1 ,_, movements_NN2 would_VM become_VVI more_RGR linear_JJ ._. 
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<s>
This_DD1 work_NN1 was_VBDZ supported_VVN in_RR21 part_RR22 by_II grants_NN2 from_II the_AT Department_NN1 of_IO Defense_NN1 ,_, Commonwealth_NN1 of_IO Pennsylvania_NP1 ,_, Children_NN2 '_NULL s_ZZ1 Hospital_NN1 of_IO Pittsburgh_NP1 ,_, University_NN1 of_IO Pittsburgh_NP1 Cancer_NN1 Institute_NN1 ,_, and_CC National_JJ Institutes_NN2 of_IO Health_NN1 (_( RO1_FO #AR49684-01_NNU and_CC R21_FO #HL083057-01A2_NNU )_) ._. 
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<s>
The_AT cellular_JJ uptake_NN1 of_IO plasma_NN1 membrane_NN1 receptor_NN1 proteins_NN2 mediated_VVD by_II clathrin_NN1 is_VBZ implicated_VVN in_II many_DA2 key_JJ cellular_JJ functions_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Although_CS Greenwood_NP1 (_( 1979_MC )_) conducted_VVD feeding_VVG trials_NN2 with_IW raccoons_NN2 Procyon_NN1 lotor_NN1 ,_, he_PPHS1 concluded_VVD that_CST results_NN2 were_VBDR unreliable_JJ due_II21 to_II22 huge_JJ individual_JJ differences_NN2 in_II study_NN1 animals_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
In_II order_NN1 to_TO accurately_RR calculate_VVI the_AT carbon_NN1 balance_NN1 of_IO plants_NN2 ,_, knowledge_NN1 of_IO respiration_NN1 in_II light_NN1 is_VBZ important_JJ ._. 
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<s>
An_AT1 adjustable_JJ clamp_NN1 and_CC pulse_NN1 dampener_NN1 were_VBDR placed_VVN at_II the_AT beginning_NN1 of_IO the_AT tubing_NN1 (_( where_CS the_AT water_NN1 first_MD exited_VVD the_AT container_NN1 )_) to_TO control_VVI flow_NN1 speed_NN1 and_CC reduce_VVI flow_NN1 oscillations_NN2 ,_, respectively_RR ._. 
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<s>
Beyond_II a_AT1 certain_JJ genomic_JJ distance_NN1 ,_, this_DD1 high_JJ level_NN1 of_IO similarity_NN1 can_VM not_XX be_VBI attributed_VVN simply_RR to_II the_AT autocorrelation_NN1 of_IO timing_NN1 measurements_NN2 which_DDQ is_VBZ preserved_VVN both_RR in_II our_APPGE null_JJ model_NN1 and_CC for_IF pairs_NN2 that_CST are_VBR not_XX in_II contact_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Raw_JJ output_NN1 from_II the_AT image_NN1 analysis_NN1 is_VBZ read_VVN in_RP ,_, together_RL with_IW the_AT plate_NN1 layout_NN1 information_NN1 ,_, and_CC is_VBZ automatically_RR organized_VVN and_CC visualized_VVN ._. 
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<s>
A_AT1 significant_JJ number_NN1 of_IO viral_JJ miRNA_NN1 targets_NN2 were_VBDR upregulated_VVN in_II infected_JJ cells_NN2 ,_, suggesting_VVG that_DD1 viral_JJ miRNAs_NN2 preferentially_RR target_VV0 cellular_JJ genes_NN2 induced_VVN upon_II infection_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
In_II one_MC1 of_IO the_AT cases_NN2 ,_, however_RR ,_, the_AT otter_NN1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 rear_JJ appendages_NN2 were_VBDR seriously_RR injured_VVN ,_, which_DDQ presumably_RR resulted_VVN in_II its_APPGE death_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
One_PN1 can_VM apply_VVI the_AT same_DA approaches_NN2 when_CS asking_VVG questions_NN2 about_II sources_NN2 of_IO covariance_NN1 by_II fitting_VVG fixed_JJ effects_NN2 into_II the_AT bivariate_JJ MMs_NNU2 described_VVN in_II eqn_NN1 7_MC ._. 
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<s>
One_MC1 or_CC even_RR two_MC regions_NN2 between_II meristem_NN1 and_CC rapid_JJ elongation_NN1 zone_NN1 have_VH0 been_VBN proposed_VVN and_CC variously_RR named_VVN (_( Ivanov_NP1 &;_NULL Dubrovsky_NP1 2013_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
Taxonomic_JJ implications_NN2 :_: new_JJ composition_NN1 of_IO the_AT subtribes_NN2 Quediina_NP1 and_CC AmblyopininaIn_JJ accordance_NN1 with_IW the_AT most_RGT congruent_JJ results_NN2 of_IO this_DD1 molecular_JJ study_NN1 and_CC previously_RR published_VVN morphologybased_JJ phylogenies_NN2 of_IO Staphylinini_NP1 (_( see_VV0 above_RL )_) ,_, some_DD changes_NN2 in_II the_AT classification_NN1 of_IO Staphylinini_NP1 are_VBR here_RL introduced_VVN ._. 
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<s>
Thus_RR ,_, a_AT1 number_NN1 of_IO investigators_NN2 have_VH0 assessed_VVN the_AT use_NN1 of_IO CPPs_NP1 for_IF intracellular_JJ delivery_NN1 of_IO macromolecules_NN2 (_( reviewed_VVN in_II &lsqb;_( 28_MC &rsqb;_) and_CC &lsqb;_( 29_MC &rsqb;_) )_) ._. 
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<s>
Other_JJ authors_NN2 have_VH0 proposed_VVN alternative_JJ stability_NN1 criteria_NN2 &lsqb;_( 57,70,91,92_MC &rsqb;_) ,_, which_DDQ are_VBR useful_JJ for_IF design_NN1 purposes_NN2 ,_, but_CCB out_II21 of_II22 the_AT scope_NN1 of_IO this_DD1 review_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Notably_RR ,_, this_DD1 model_NN1 can_VM be_VBI given_VVN an_AT1 alternative_JJ biophysical_JJ interpretation_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT symbolic_JJ approach_NN1 works_VVZ well_RR as_II a_AT1 model_NN1 of_IO cognition_NN1 ,_, and_CC provides_VVZ many_DA2 impressive_JJ examples_NN2 of_IO intelligent_JJ behavior_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT pioneering_JJ FoxA_NN1 transcription_NN1 factors_NN2 ,_, which_DDQ are_VBR essential_JJ for_IF proper_JJ specification_NN1 of_IO the_AT foregut_NN1 endoderm_NN1 from_II which_DDQ the_AT lung_NN1 arises_VVZ ,_, are_VBR conserved_VVN from_II humans_NN2 to_II Caenorhabditis_NP1 elegans_NP1 ;_; in_II the_AT latter_DA species_NN ,_, the_AT homolog_NN1 PHA-4_MC is_VBZ expressed_VVN in_II all_DB 80_MC pharyngeal_JJ cells_NN2 and_CC activates_VVZ a_AT1 pharyngeal_JJ gene_NN1 program_NN1 in_II a_AT1 dose-dependent_JJ manner_NN1 (_( Kalb_NP1 et_RA21 al_RA22 ._. 
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<s>
1998_MC ,_, Pilon_NP1 2014_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
The_AT character_NN1 valve_NN1 costa_NN1 pouch_NN1 subquadrate_NN1 (_( 772_MC )_) (_( Fig.3D_FO )_) is_VBZ common_JJ to_II Feltia_NP1 s._NNU l._NNU (_( excepting_II Feltia_NP1 aspersula_NN1 )_) ,_, while_CS costa_NN1 pouch_NN1 rounded_VVN (_( 773_MC )_) (_( Fig.3D_FO )_) is_VBZ common_JJ to_II all_DB Agrotis_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Several_DA2 other_JJ classes_NN2 of_IO drugs_NN2 are_VBR being_VBG considered_VVN for_IF the_AT treatment_NN1 of_IO nicotine_NN1 dependence_NN1 ,_, in_RR21 part_RR22 because_CS they_PPHS2 may_VM affect_VVI mechanisms_NN2 involved_JJ in_II withdrawal_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
By_II measuring_VVG RNA_NN1 half-lives_NN2 in_II DG75-eGFP_NN1 ,_, DG75-10/_VV0 12_MC ,_, and_CC BCBL-1_MC1 using_VVG a_AT1 new_JJ approach_NN1 we_PPIS2 recently_RR developed_VVN (_( Dolken_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2008_MC ;_; Friedel_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2009_MC )_) ,_, we_PPIS2 found_VVD that_CST ,_, despite_II higher_JJR total_JJ RNA_NN1 levels_NN2 ,_, the_AT RNA_NN1 half-life_NN1 of_IO the_AT induced_JJ KSHV_NP1 miRNA_NN1 targets_NN2 was_VBDZ significantly_RR shorter_JJR in_II BCBL-1_MC1 than_CSN in_II DG75-10/12_FU ,_, DG75-eGFP_NN1 ,_, and_CC BL41_FO ._. 
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<s>
Central_JJ to_II these_DD2 themes_NN2 is_VBZ the_AT insight_NN1 that_CST the_AT environment_NN1 plays_VVZ two_MC essential_JJ roles_NN2 in_II evolution_NN1 ,_, at_RR21 once_RR22 influencing_VVG how_RGQ genetic_JJ variation_NN1 translates_VVZ into_II phenotypic_JJ variation_NN1 and_CC then_RT selecting_VVG among_II those_DD2 phenotypes_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Sex-related_JJ differences_NN2 in_II hepatic_JJ steroid_NN1 and_CC drug_NN1 metabolism_NN1 were_VBDR discovered_VVN in_II rats_NN2 over_RG half_DB a_AT1 century_NNT1 ago_RA ,_, and_CC the_AT agent_NN1 responsible_JJ was_VBDZ identified_VVN as_CSA pituitary_JJ GH_NP1 &lsqb;_( 35_MC &rsqb;_) ._. 
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<s>
Together_RL with_IW handtuned_JJ assembly_NN1 kernels_NN2 and_CC state-of-the-art_JJ parallelization_NN1 ,_, this_DD1 provides_VVZ extremely_RR high_JJ performance_NN1 and_CC cost_NN1 efficiency_NN1 for_IF highthroughput_NN1 as_II31 well_II32 as_II33 massively_RR parallel_JJ simulations_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
These_DD2 differences_NN2 are_VBR parallel_RR with_IW those_DD2 seen_VVN in_II the_AT metabolic_JJ partitioning_NN1 of_IO protein_NN1 synthesis_NN1 in_II slow-and_CC fast-growing_JJ larvae_NN2 as_CSA mentioned_VVN above_RL for_IF L._NP1 pictus_NN1 and_CC S._NP1 purpuratus_NN1 (_( ranging_VVG from_II 50_MC to_II 75%_NNU of_IO metabolism_NN1 ,_, Pace_NN1 and_CC Manahan_NP1 ,_, 2006_MC ;_; Pan_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2015_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
The_AT third_MD step_NN1 would_VM be_VBI to_TO increase_VVI the_AT activity_NN1 of_IO exopolyphosphatases_NN2 ,_, as_CSA proposed_VVN by_II Solaiman_NP1 et_RA21 al_RA22 ._. 
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<s>
(_( 1999_MC )_) ,_, acting_VVG on_II short-chain_JJ polyP_NN1 resulting_VVG in_II the_AT production_NN1 of_IO free_JJ Pi_NN1 ,_, which_DDQ can_VM then_RT be_VBI released_VVN in_II the_AT IM_NN1 representing_VVG the_AT apoplast_NN1 of_IO ECM_NP1 ._. 
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<s>
What_DDQ is_VBZ more_RRR ,_, several_DA2 intrinsic_JJ causes_NN2 of_IO pattern_NN1 transitions_NN2 were_VBDR presented_VVN ._. 
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<s>
Indeed_RR ,_, induction_NN1 of_IO fatty_JJ acid_NN1 oxidation_NN1 through_II the_AT activation_NN1 of_IO PPAR_NP1 and_CC PGC1_FO and_CC their_APPGE target_NN1 genes_NN2 is_VBZ impaired_VVN during_II fasting_VVG in_II mice_NN2 lacking_VVG SIRT1_FO specifically_RR in_II the_AT liver_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT anuran_JJ gut_NN1 microbial_JJ community_NN1 exhibited_VVD marked_JJ differences_NN2 between_II tadpole_NN1 and_CC frog_NN1 life_NN1 stages_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Including_II an_AT1 outline_NN1 for_IF each_DD1 chapter_NN1 would_VM help_VVI orient_VVI readers_NN2 to_II the_AT logical_JJ flow_NN1 before_II the_AT chapter_NN1 unfolds_VVZ ._. 
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<s>
The_AT 50_MC females_NN2 and_CC 100_MC males_NN2 were_VBDR placed_VVN in_II each_DD1 shelter_NN1 in_II the_AT early_JJ morning_NNT1 of_IO the_AT first_MD day_NNT1 of_IO the_AT experiment_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
In_II maize_NN1 ,_, full_JJ temperature-response_JJ curves_NN2 are_VBR strikingly_RR similar_JJ for_IF many_DA2 growth-related_JJ processes_NN2 ,_, processes_VVZ that_CST include_VV0 not_XX only_JJ rates_NN2 of_IO elongation_NN1 and_CC cell_NN1 division_NN1 ,_, but_CCB also_RR germination_NN1 and_CC leaf_NN1 initiation_NN1 (_( Parent_NN1 &;_NULL Tardieu_NN1 2012_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
Encapsulated_JJ embryos_NN2 of_IO parasitic_JJ flatworms_NN2 are_VBR hardier_JJR and_CC more_RGR tolerant_JJ of_IO environmental_JJ variation_NN1 than_CSN are_VBR newly_RR hatched_VVN larvae_NN2 ,_, whose_DDQGE survival_NN1 necessitates_VVZ specific_JJ host_NN1 resources_NN2 at_II ,_, or_CC soon_RR after_CS ,_, hatching_VVG ._. 
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<s>
If_CS possible_JJ ,_, these_DD2 factors_NN2 should_VM be_VBI taken_VVN into_II consideration_NN1 by_II public_JJ policy_NN1 makers_NN2 in_BCL21 order_BCL22 to_TO reach_VVI the_AT necessary_JJ level_NN1 of_IO vaccination_NN1 coverage_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
This_DD1 is_VBZ particularly_RR true_JJ with_IW animals_NN2 that_CST exhibit_VV0 multimodal_JJ communication_NN1 ,_, in_II which_DDQ communication_NN1 is_VBZ defined_VVN by_II signals_NN2 that_CST convey_VV0 information_NN1 in_II more_DAR than_CSN one_MC1 sensory_JJ modality_NN1 or_CC communication_NN1 channel_NN1 (_( Partan_NP1 and_CC Marler_NP1 ,_, 1999_MC ,_, Partan_NP1 and_CC Marler_NP1 ,_, 2005_MC ,_, Candolin_NP1 ,_, 2003_MC ,_, Hebets_NP1 and_CC Papaj_NP1 ,_, 2005_MC ,_, Bro-Jrgensen_NP1 ,_, 2010andUetz_FO ,_, 2010_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
JM_NP1 Aisa_NP1 CIHR_NP1 New_JJ Investigator_NN1 and_CC Associate_JJ Director_NN1 of_IO the_AT Canadian_JJ Institute_NN1 for_IF Advanced_JJ Research_NN1 ,_, Program_NN1 in_II Integrated_JJ Microbial_JJ Biodiversity_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
How_RRQ these_DD2 mechanotransduction_NN1 pathways_NN2 synergize_VV0 or_CC antagonize_VV0 other_JJ pathways_NN2 activated_VVN by_II biochemical_JJ cues_NN2 remains_VVZ to_TO be_VBI elucidated_VVN ._. 
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<s>
They_PPHS2 were_VBDR able_JK to_TO explore_VVI the_AT effectiveness_NN1 of_IO each_DD1 approach_NN1 in_II reducing_VVG burglary_NN1 with_IW varying_JJ numbers_NN2 of_IO police_NN2 agents_NN2 ,_, finding_VVG that_CST for_IF a_AT1 small_JJ number_NN1 of_IO police_NN2 agents_NN2 ,_, policing_VVG the_AT hotspot_NN1 was_VBDZ more_RGR effective_JJ ,_, while_CS surrounding_VVG the_AT periphery_NN1 required_VVN more_DAR agents_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Despite_II this_DD1 potential_NN1 for_IF interspecific_JJ competition_NN1 ,_, all_DB aforementioned_JJ studies_NN2 that_CST reported_VVD a_AT1 negative_JJ effect_NN1 of_IO barred_JJ owls_NN2 on_II spotted_JJ owls_NN2 were_VBDR based_VVN on_II coarse-scale_JJ measures_NN2 of_IO barred_JJ owl_NN1 occurrence_NN1 from_II incidental_JJ detections_NN2 during_II surveys_NN2 of_IO spotted_JJ owls_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Moreover_RR ,_, in_II contrast_NN1 to_II the_AT steadily_RR increasing_JJ knowledge_NN1 about_II the_AT function_NN1 of_IO Runx2_FO and_CC its_APPGE regulation_NN1 by_II other_JJ molecules_NN2 ,_, the_AT molecular_JJ mechanisms_NN2 underlying_VVG the_AT action_NN1 of_IO Osx_NN1 in_II osteoblasts_NN2 are_VBR less_RGR well_RR understood_VVN ._. 
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<s>
For_IF neonates_NN2 ,_, we_PPIS2 examined_VVD mass_JJ differences_NN2 over_II time_NNT1 between_II sexes_NN2 and_CC among_II years_NNT2 ._. 
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<s>
In_II its_APPGE report_NN1 ,_, the_AT panel_NN1 made_VVD a_AT1 controversial_JJ recommendation_NN1 ,_, subsequently_RR rejected_VVN by_II President_NNB Clinton_NP1 ,_, to_TO permit_VVI federal_JJ funding_NN1 for_IF the_AT creation_NN1 of_IO embryos_NN2 for_IF certain_JJ research_NN1 purposes_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
It_PPH1 is_VBZ difficult_JJ to_TO study_VVI the_AT cell_NN1 dynamics_NN of_IO arterial_JJ remodeling_NN1 in_II the_AT heart_NN1 ,_, but_CCB live_JJ imaging_NN1 of_IO other_JJ ,_, more_RGR accessible_JJ vascular_JJ beds_NN2 has_VHZ revealed_VVN cell_NN1 biology_NN1 that_CST may_VM be_VBI applicable_JJ to_II coronary_JJ arteries_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
HZlat1_FO was_VBDZ located_VVN at_II the_AT riparian_JJ zone_NN1 next_II21 to_II22 the_AT bedrock_NN1 structure_NN1 on_II the_AT left_JJ side_NN1 receiving_VVG water_NN1 from_II the_AT hillslope_NN1 ,_, and_CC HZlat2_FO was_VBDZ located_VVN on_II the_AT right_JJ lateral_JJ receiving_NN1 mainly_RR surface_NN1 water_NN1 from_II the_AT bedrock_NN1 channel_NN1 ._. 
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This_DD1 linear_JJ muscle_NN1 model_NN1 has_VHZ been_VBN shown_VVN to_TO exhibit_VVI accurate_JJ nonlinear_JJ force-velocity_NN1 and_CC lengthtension_NN1 relationships_NN2 for_IF the_AT medial_JJ and_CC lateral_JJ rectus_JJ muscles_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
We_PPIS2 thank_VV0 J._NP1 W._NP1 Duckworth_NP1 and_CC an_AT1 anonymous_JJ referee_NN1 for_IF their_APPGE useful_JJ comments_NN2 on_II a_AT1 first_MD draft_NN1 of_IO the_AT manuscript_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Thirty_MC years_NNT2 later_RRR ,_, this_DD1 gene_NN1 and_CC its_APPGE mouse_NN1 ortholog_NN1 were_VBDR identified_VVN (_( 43_MC ,_, 121_MC )_) and_CC dubbed_VVD SRY_NP1 (_( for_IF sex_NN1 determining_JJ region_NN1 Y_ZZ1 )_) ._. 
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<s>
For_IF terrestrial_JJ habitats_NN2 ,_, relative_II21 to_II22 those_DD2 with_IW the_AT two_MC lowest_JJT transmission_NN1 paths_NN2 ,_, attenuation_NN1 was_VBDZ also_RR usually_RR significantly_RR lower_JJR when_CS both_DB2 the_AT microphone_NN1 and_CC speaker_NN1 were_VBDR at_II a_AT1 height_NN1 of_IO 1.5m_NNU (_( t_ZZ1 2604>4.84_FO ,_, P<0.001_FO ;_; Tukey-Kramer_NP1 adjustment_NN1 for_IF multiple_JJ comparisons_NN2 with_IW all_DB distances_NN2 pooled_VVN ;_; exception_NN1 :_: forest_NN1 highest_JJT path_NN1 versus_II forest_NN1 with_IW microphone_NN1 at_II 0.75m_NNU and_CC speaker_NN1 at_II 0.0m_NNU )_) ._. 
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<s>
In_II mule_NN1 deer_NN ,_, females_NN2 used_VVD fat_JJ reserves_NN2 during_II lactation_NN1 and_CC spared_VVD protein_NN1 mass_NN1 but_CCB replenished_VVD lean_JJ mass_NN1 before_II fat_JJ reserves_NN2 during_II summer_NNT1 ,_, and_CC used_JJ protein_NN1 during_II winter_NNT1 after_II depletion_NN1 of_IO body_NN1 fat_NN1 (_( Monteith_NP1 et_RA21 al_RA22 ._. 
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2013_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
Although_CS the_AT monophyly_RR of_IO widely_RR defined_VVN Elateridae_NP1 was_VBDZ regularly_RR recovered_VVN ,_, the_AT topology_NN1 of_IO basal_JJ elaterid_JJ lineages_NN2 was_VBDZ variable_JJ and_CC all_DB obtained_VVN only_RR low_JJ support_NN1 (_( Figs_NN2 1_MC1 and_CC 2_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
Outside_II the_AT complement_NN1 pathway_NN1 ,_, the_AT major_JJ genetic_JJ contributor_NN1 to_II AMD_NP1 susceptibility_NN1 lies_VVZ in_II the_AT ARMS2/HTRA1_JJ region_NN1 (_( see_VV0 Figure_NN1 5_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
The_AT most_RGT extreme_JJ problem_NN1 arises_VVZ when_RRQ one_MC1 predictor_NN1 has_VHZ a_AT1 weak_JJ effect_NN1 ,_, but_CCB is_VBZ strongly_RR correlated_VVN with_IW another_DD1 which_DDQ has_VHZ a_AT1 strong_JJ effect_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
A_AT1 comparison_NN1 of_IO the_AT structure_NN1 and_CC interactions_NN2 that_CST high_JJ affinity_NN1 antagonists_NN2 make_VV0 in_II the_AT A2aR_FO and_CC bAR_NN1 structures_NN2 with_IW the_AT chemical_NN1 &formula;e_FO of_IO the_AT natural_JJ agonists_NN2 suggests_VVZ that_CST the_AT ligand_NN1 binding_JJ site_NN1 in_II GPCRs_NP1 will_VM contract_VVI to_TO fit_VVI tightly_RR around_II an_AT1 agonist_NN1 on_II the_AT extracellular_JJ side_NN1 of_IO the_AT receptor_NN1 ,_, whereas_CS antagonists_NN2 will_VM stabilise_VVI the_AT unliganded_JJ form_NN1 ,_, which_DDQ is_VBZ predominantly_RR inactive_JJ except_CS in_II those_DD2 GPCRs_NP1 with_IW high_JJ constitutive_JJ activity_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Within_II hematopoietic_JJ tissue_NN1 ,_, CD146_FO labeling_NN1 was_VBDZ restricted_VVN to_II adventitial_JJ reticular_JJ cells_NN2 (_( ARCs_NN2 ;_; Bianco_NP1 and_CC Boyde_NP1 ,_, 1993_MC ;_; Tavassoli_NP1 and_CC Friedenstein_NP1 ,_, 1983_MC ;_; Weiss_NP1 ,_, 1976_MC ;_; Westen_NP1 and_CC Bainton_NP1 ,_, 1979_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
In_II our_APPGE analysis_NN1 we_PPIS2 denote_VV0 the_AT random_JJ slips_NN2 in_II the_AT coordinate_NN1 by_II Zn_NP1 ,_, p_ZZ1 ,_, in_II the_AT nth_MD fiducial_JJ marker_NN1 and_CC the_AT pth_NNU block_NN1 between_II tn_NNU ,_, l_ZZ1 to_II tn_NNU ,_, u_ZZ1 ._. 
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<s>
For_REX21 example_REX22 ,_, PathoLogic_JJ provides_VVZ an_AT1 operation_NN1 that_CST runs_VVZ an_AT1 inexact_JJ string_NN1 comparison_NN1 search_NN1 between_II the_AT enzyme_NN1 name_NN1 and_CC all_DB enzyme_NN1 names_NN2 in_II MetaCyc_NP1 ,_, which_DDQ sometimes_RT allows_VVZ the_AT user_NN1 to_TO identify_VVI a_AT1 match_NN1 based_VVN on_II scrambled_JJ word_NN1 orders_NN2 within_II complex_JJ enzyme_NN1 names_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
For_IF passage_NN1 ,_, gastric_JJ organoids_NN2 were_VBDR removed_VVN from_II Matrigel_NP1 ,_, mechanically_RR dissociated_VVD ,_, and_CC transferred_VVN to_II fresh_JJ Matrigel_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
High-beach_JJ strandlines_NN2 will_VM be_VBI visible_JJ to_II users_NN2 of_IO the_AT beach_NN1 ,_, and_CC hence_RR lower_VV0 its_APPGE aesthetic_JJ value_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Spinning-disc_JJ confocal_JJ microscopy_NN1 for_IF z-stack_NN1 ,_, immunofluorescence_NN1 and_CC time-lapse_JJ experiments_NN2 was_VBDZ carried_VVN out_RP using_VVG a_AT1 Zeiss_NN1 Observer_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Chloroplasts_NN2 and_CC stromules_VVZ in_II young_JJ wheat_NN1 and_CC rice_NN1 leaves_NN2 formed_VVD a_AT1 near_JJ complete_JJ sheath_NN1 around_II the_AT cell_NN1 periphery_NN1 facing_VVG the_AT IAS_NP1 ,_, and_CC correspondingly_RR ,_, they_PPHS2 had_VHD the_AT highest_JJT observed_JJ reduction_NN1 in_II C*_FO of_IO 10_MC mmol_VV0 mol-1_FO below_II G_ZZ1 *_FU ._. 
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<s>
Positive_JJ feedbacks_NN2 between_II behavioural_JJ plasticity_NN1 and_CC underlying_JJ states_NN2 like_II past_JJ experience_NN1 might_VM thus_RR be_VBI a_AT1 powerful_JJ mechanism_NN1 underlying_VVG the_AT emergence_NN1 of_IO between-individual_JJ differences_NN2 in_II plasticity_NN1 (_( i._MC e_ZZ1 ._. 
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I_PPIS1 CE_VV0 due_II21 to_II22 PE_NN1 CE_NN1 ;_; Fig._NN1 1_MC1 )_) ._. 
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<s>
SSR_NP1 levels_NN2 were_VBDR also_RR assessed_VVN by_II real-time_JJ qPCR_NNU using_VVG primers_NN2 PA_NN1 and_CC PB_FO ,_, which_DDQ amplify_VV0 a_AT1 200_MC bp_NNU fragment_NN1 from_II the_AT NE_ND1 AMA1_FO locus_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Consequently_RR ,_, catenin_NN1 can_VM no_RR21 longer_RR22 interact_VVI with_IW E_ZZ1 cadherin_NN1 and_CC it_PPH1 is_VBZ either_RR degraded_VVN or_CC protected_VVN from_II degradation_NN1 (_( for_REX21 example_REX22 ,_, in_II31 response_II32 to_II33 WNT_NP1 signalling_NN1 )_) ,_, so_CS21 that_CS22 it_PPH1 can_VM act_VVI in_II transcription8_FO ._. 
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<s>
To_II date_NN1 we_PPIS2 know_VV0 much_DA1 more_DAR about_II the_AT transcriptional_JJ control_NN1 of_IO the_AT early_JJ part_NN1 of_IO chondrogenesis_NN1 (_( differentiation_NN1 of_IO resting_NN1 and_CC proliferating_JJ chondrocytes_NN2 )_) than_CSN about_II chondrocyte_NN1 hypertrophy_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Incubation_NN1 is_VBZ a_AT1 phenomenon_NN1 that_CST has_VHZ recently_RR been_VBN described_VVN in_II animal_NN1 models_NN2 of_IO reinstatement_NN1 of_IO drug_NN1 self-administration_NN1 (_( for_IF review_NN1 see_VV0 Pickens_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2011_MC )_) ,_, and_CC this_DD1 phenomenon_NN1 has_VHZ been_VBN observed_VVN for_IF nicotine_NN1 (_( Abdolahi_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2010_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
The_AT dominance-overdominance_JJ controversy_NN1 never_RR became_VVD bitter_JJ ._. 
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<s>
Patients_NN2 (_( N_ZZ1 =_FO 92_MC )_) were_VBDR recruited_VVN from_II hospital_NN1 settings_NN2 during_II an_AT1 acute_JJ mood_NN1 episode_NN1 to_TO participate_VVI in_II pharmacologic_JJ or_CC combined_JJ family_NN1 and_CC pharmacologic_JJ interventions_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
After_CS the_AT experiment_NN1 ,_, the_AT leaf_NN1 was_VBDZ removed_VVN from_II the_AT gasexchange_NN1 system_NN1 and_CC leaf_NN1 absorptance_NN1 was_VBDZ measured_VVN with_IW an_AT1 integrating_JJ sphere_NN1 and_CC spectroradiometer_JJR PC-2000_MC (_( Ocean_NN1 Optics_NN1 ,_, Dunedin_NP1 ,_, FL_NNU ,_, USA_NP1 )_) ._. 
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<s>
No_AT glial_JJ migration_NN1 phenotype_NN1 was_VBDZ noted_VVN when_CS we_PPIS2 expressed_VVD slitdsRNA_NN1 in_II neurons_NN2 ,_, suggesting_VVG that_DD1 Slit_NN1 did_VDD not_XX act_VVI as_II an_AT1 attractant_NN1 (_( Figure_NN1 S2_FO )_) ._. 
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<s>
The_AT master_NN1 regulator_NN1 of_IO mitochondrial_JJ biogenesis_NN1 is_VBZ peroxisome_JJ proliferator-activated_JJ receptor_NN1 co-activator_NN1 1_MC1 (_( PGC1_FO )_) ,_, a_AT1 co-activator_NN1 that_CST enhances_VVZ the_AT activity_NN1 of_IO several_DA2 transcription_NN1 factors_NN2 acting_VVG on_II nuclear-encoded_JJ mitochondrial_JJ genes82_FO ._. 
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<s>
As_II part_NN1 of_IO their_APPGE deliberation_NN1 ,_, they_PPHS2 performed_VVD a_AT1 pilot_NN1 with_IW a_AT1 small_JJ group_NN1 of_IO seven_MC faculty_NN1 who_PNQS underwent_VVD PGT_NP1 and_CC discussed_VVD their_APPGE experience_NN1 with_IW the_AT committee_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
One_MC1 example_NN1 ,_, the_AT let-7_MC gene_NN1 family_NN1 ,_, has_VHZ been_VBN evolutionarily_RR expanded_VVN from_II 1_MC1 member_NN1 in_II nematodes_NN2 to_II 11_MC members_NN2 in_II mice_NN2 and_CC humans_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT cell_NN1 suspension_NN1 was_VBDZ adjusted_VVN to_II a_AT1 concentration_NN1 of_IO 1_MC1 ×_II 106_MC cellsml1_FO ,_, and_CC single_JJ cells_NN2 were_VBDR incubated_VVN in_II blocking_JJ buffer_NN1 (_( PBS_NP1 with_IW Fc_NP1 blocking_JJ IgG_NN1 and_CC 1%_NNU BSA_NP1 )_) for_IF 30min_NNU at_II room_NN1 temperature_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Here_RL we_PPIS2 describe_VV0 the_AT translocation_NN1 of_IO Na+_FO and_CC Cl2_FO CG_NP1 ions_NN2 through_II a_AT1 DPPC_NP1 bilayer_NN1 ,_, through_II computation_NN1 of_IO the_AT potential_NN1 of_IO mean_JJ force_NN1 (_( PMF_NP1 )_) ._. 
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<s>
Stained_JJ sections_NN2 were_VBDR examined_VVN under_II light_JJ microscope_NN1 ,_, and_CC images_NN2 were_VBDR captured_VVN ._. 
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<s>
Alternatively_RR ,_, for_IF anti-predation_JJ benefits_NN2 ,_, physical_JJ proximity_NN1 to_II particular_JJ heterospecifics_NN1 is_VBZ not_XX required_VVN ,_, i._MC e._ZZ1 just_RR being_VBG in_II the_AT flock_NN1 vicinity_NN1 can_VM suffice_VVI ._. 
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<s>
In_II31 addition_II32 to_II33 proper_JJ chromosome_NN1 segregation_NN1 ,_, proper_JJ chromosome_NN1 number_NN1 is_VBZ also_RR necessary_JJ for_IF robust_JJ sporu-lation_NN1 and_CC has_VHZ been_VBN found_VVN to_TO be_VBI tightly_RR regulated_VVN via_II at_RR21 least_RR22 three_MC proteins_NN2 :_: SirA_NP1 (_( sporulation_NN1 inhibitor_NN1 of_IO replication_NN1 A_ZZ1 )_) ,_, Sda_NP1 (_( suppressor_NN1 of_IO dnaA1_FO )_) and_CC Spo0A_FO P._NNU Tran-scription_NN1 of_IO sirA_NN1 is_VBZ under_II the_AT control_NN1 of_IO Spo0A_FO P_ZZ1 and_CC occurs_VVZ upon_II entry_NN1 into_II sporulation_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
When_CS phosphorylated_VVN ,_, IRS1_FO activates_VVZ 1-phosphatidylinositol_JJ 3-kinase_NN1 (_( PI3K_FO )_) ._. 
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<s>
But_CCB alternative_JJ theories_NN2 emerged_VVD as_RR21 well_RR22 ._. 
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<s>
Lastly_RR ,_, the_AT acquisition_NN1 of_IO such_DA microbial_JJ strategies_NN2 implies_VVZ that_CST a_AT1 strong_JJ selective_JJ pressure_NN1 is_VBZ placed_VVN by_II the_AT IFN-inducible_JJ GTPases_NN2 on_II intracellular_JJ pathogens_NN2 irrespective_II21 of_II22 their_APPGE replica-tive_JJ lifestyle_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
In_II the_AT Input_NN1 Data_NN applet_NN1 ,_, load_VV0 the_AT raw_JJ data_NN as_CSA described_VVN in_II Sect._NP1 8.2.1_MC ._. 
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<s>
It_PPH1 is_VBZ also_RR worth_II noting_VVG that_CST the_AT number_NN1 of_IO genes_NN2 estimated_VVD to_TO underlie_VVI intellectual_JJ function_NN1 by_II this_DD1 means_NN would_VM be_VBI much_RR larger_JJR than_CSN that_DD1 estimated_VVD by_II the_AT X_ZZ1 chromosome_NN1 analysis_NN1 because_CS even_RR genes_NN2 whose_DDQGE mutation_NN1 causes_VVZ embryonic_JJ lethality_NN1 could_VM be_VBI inactivated_VVN by_II the_AT insertion_NN1 of_IO mobile_JJ elements_NN2 such_II21 as_II22 L1_FO transposons_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Other_JJ futile_JJ cycles_NN2 might_VM also_RR be_VBI used_VVN to_TO generate_VVI heat_NN1 ,_, such_II21 as_II22 unproductive_JJ ATP_NN1 consumption_NN1 ,_, but_CCB in_II this_DD1 case_NN1 the_AT PMF_NP1 and_CC ATP_NN1 synthesis_NN1 would_VM remain_VVI linked_JJ ._. 
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<s>
Further_RRR detailed_JJ S1P2_FO expression_NN1 analysis_NN1 or_CC experiments_NN2 using_VVG tissue-specific_JJ S1pr2_FO knockout_VV0 mice_NN2 will_VM likely_RR elucidate_VVI the_AT context-dependent_JJ role_NN1 of_IO S1P2_FO in_II vascular_JJ tone_NN1 regulation_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
It_PPH1 enables_VVZ interactive_JJ editing_NN1 of_IO PGDBs_NP1 by_II DB_NP1 curators_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Next_MD ,_, we_PPIS2 examined_VVD the_AT interaction_NN1 between_II the_AT endogenous_JJ Tip60_FO and_CC USP7_FO proteins_NN2 in_II 3T3-L1_JJ adipocytes_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Following_VVG the_AT FDA_NN1 announcement_NN1 ,_, Geron_NP1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 stock_NN1 dropped_VVD by_RP over_RG 10%_NNU ,_, with_IW the_AT knock-on_JJ effect_NN1 of_IO wiping_VVG hundreds_NNO2 of_IO millions_NNO2 of_IO dollars_NNU2 off_II the_AT market_NN1 capitalization_NN1 of_IO the_AT entire_JJ cell_NN1 therapy_NN1 sector_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
In_RR21 addition_RR22 ,_, the_AT question_NN1 of_IO whether_CSW PLS_NN2 depends_VVZ on_II the_AT length_NN1 or_CC saturation_NN1 of_IO the_AT acyl_NN1 chains_NN2 remains_VVZ unanswered_JJ ._. 
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<s>
This_DD1 method_NN1 estimates_VVZ bidirectional_JJ gene_NN1 flow_NN1 based_VVN on_II gametic_JJ disequilibrium_NN1 and_CC uses_VVZ inbreeding_NN1 coefficients_NN2 to_TO allow_VVI for_IF departures_NN2 from_II Hardy-Weinberg_NP1 equilibrium_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Instead_RR ,_, we_PPIS2 recommend_VV0 fitting_JJ models_NN2 to_TO test_VVI a_JJ21 priori_JJ22 hypotheses_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
As_CSA expected_VVN ,_, ACTIN_NP1 and_CC GAPDH_NP1 were_VBDR detected_VVN in_II both_DB2 fractions_NN2 (_( Fig_NN1 ._. 
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S2A_FO )_) ._. 
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<s>
Interestingly_RR ,_, degradation_NN1 of_IO CI_NN1 in_II the_AT absence_NN1 of_IO CIII_MC or_CC CIV_MC can_VM be_VBI prevented_VVN by_II expressing_VVG alternative_JJ oxidase_NN1 (_( AOX_NP1 )_) ,_, a_AT1 CoQ_JJ oxidase_NN1 present_NN1 in_II the_AT mitochondria_NN1 of_IO plants_NN2 ,_, fungi_NN2 ,_, and_CC some_DD metazoans_NN2 but_CCB absent_JJ in_II most_DAT animals_NN2 (_( 101_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
In_II31 view_II32 of_II33 this_DD1 ,_, it_PPH1 was_VBDZ even_RR postulated_VVN to_TO use_VVI MT-1/2_FU as_II a_AT1 negative_JJ prognostic_JJ marker_NN1 (_( Yamasaki_NP1 et_RA21 al_RA22 ._. 
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2006_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
Lengths_NN2 of_IO all_DB these_DD2 regions_NN2 were_VBDR calculated_VVN based_VVN on_II the_AT best_JJT isoform_NN1 for_IF each_DD1 coding_NN1 gene_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
When_CS we_PPIS2 interfered_VVD with_IW this_DD1 specific_JJ conscious_JJ content_NN1 by_II mind-wandering_JJ instructions_NN2 or_CC a_AT1 visual_JJ interference_NN1 task_NN1 ,_, the_AT global_JJ effect_NN1 vanished_VVD in_II parallel_NN1 with_IW conscious_JJ reportability_NN1 of_IO the_AT global_JJ regularity_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Bacteria_NN2 on_II the_AT root_NN1 epidermis_NN1 are_VBR often_RR covered_VVN by_II a_AT1 mucigel_NN1 layer_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Although_CS there_EX are_VBR at_RR21 least_RR22 five_MC different_JJ approaches_NN2 to_TO determine_VVI this_DD1 (_( e._ZZ1 g._NNU ,_, F-tests_NN2 ,_, Akaike_NP1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 FPE_NP1 ,_, Bayesian_JJ Estimation_NN1 criterion_NN1 (_( BEC_NP1 )_) ,_, etc_RA ._. )_) ,_, 
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<s>
Sim_VV0 '_NULL s_ZZ1 (_( 1980_MC )_) modified_JJ likelihood_NN1 ratio_NN1 test_NN1 was_VBDZ used_VVN to_TO determine_VVI the_AT appropriate_JJ lag_NN1 in_II this_DD1 specification_NN1 ._. 
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Plants_NN2 use_VV0 many_DA2 signals_NN2 to_TO turn_VVI the_AT sensing_NN1 of_IO soil_NN1 water_NN1 deficit_NN1 and_CC hot_JJ ,_, dry_JJ air_NN1 into_II a_AT1 response_NN1 in_II a_AT1 distant_JJ cell_NN1 or_CC organ_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
This_DD1 has_VHZ not_XX been_VBN the_AT case_NN1 for_IF the_AT fungal_JJ kingdom_NN1 until_CS this_DD1 book_NN1 has_VHZ appeared_VVN which_DDQ covers_VVZ all_DB aspects_NN2 of_IO modern_JJ chemical_JJ fungal_JJ taxonomy_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
While_CS this_DD1 approach_NN1 can_VM be_VBI useful_JJ ,_, it_PPH1 is_VBZ problematic_JJ if_CS significant_JJ effects_NN2 are_VBR interpreted_VVN as_CS21 if_CS22 they_PPHS2 arose_VVD from_II a_AT1 single_JJ a_JJ21 priori_JJ22 hypothesis_NN1 test_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
In_II mode_NN1 1_MC1 (_( coda_NN1 clicks_NN2 )_) ,_, the_AT right_JJ nasal_JJ passage_NN1 ,_, with_IW a_AT1 small_JJ volume_NN1 of_IO air_NN1 ,_, may_VM be_VBI an_AT1 acoustic_JJ valve_NN1 (_( shutter_NN1 )_) that_CST allows_VVZ a_AT1 smaller_JJR part_NN1 of_IO the_AT sound_NN1 energy_NN1 to_TO pass_VVI into_II the_AT junk_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT lower_JJR number_NN1 of_IO unidirectional_JJ promoters_NN2 reported_VVN in_II their_APPGE letter_NN1 is_VBZ based_VVN on_II pooling_VVG not_XX only_RR replicates_VVZ but_CCB also_RR separate_JJ results_NN2 obtained_VVN from_II different_JJ cell_NN1 types_NN2 with_IW different_JJ protocols_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Mean_JJ body_NN1 temperature_NN1 in_II summer_NNT1 tended_VVD (_( P_ZZ1 =_FO 0.075_MC )_) to_TO be_VBI higher_JJR in_II lactating_VVG J_ZZ1 cows_NN2 (_( 38.5_MC C_ZZ1 )_) compared_VVN to_II lactating_VVG HF_NP1 and_CC HF_NP1 J_ZZ1 cows_NN2 (_( 38.4_MC C_ZZ1 )_) ,_, particularly_RR between_II 2000_MC and_CC 0400_MC h_ZZ1 (_( J_ZZ1 :_: 38.5_MC ,_, HF_NP1 :_: 38.3_MC ,_, HF_NP1 J_NP1 :_: 38.3_MC C_NP1 ;_; SED_NP1 =_FO 0.09_MC C_NP1 ;_; P_ZZ1 0.085_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
A_AT1 high_JJ clustering_NN1 coefficient_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 network_NN1 ,_, compared_VVN with_IW random_JJ networks_NN2 with_IW similar_JJ connectivity_NN1 distribution_NN1 ,_, may_VM be_VBI indicative_JJ of_IO modularity_NN1 within_II the_AT network_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Chauvinelia_NN1 spp._NNU are_VBR also_RR most_RGT similar_JJ to_II Horned_JJ and_CC Tiburon_NN1 Bombers_NN2 ,_, similarly_RR possessing_VVG multiple_JJ rows_NN2 of_IO subulate_NN1 branchiae_NN2 and_CC nuchal_JJ organs_NN2 as_CSA convoluted_JJ ridges_NN2 winding_VVG among_II the_AT bases_NN2 of_IO the_AT subulate_NN1 branchiae_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
This_DD1 demonstrates_VVZ the_AT lack_NN1 of_IO specificity_NN1 in_II these_DD2 5_MC '_NULL enhancers_NN2 --_NN1 They_PPHS2 promote_VV0 a_AT1 suite_NN1 of_IO genes_NN2 (_( Lnp_NP1 ,_, Evx2_FO ,_, and_CC HoxD_NP1 )_) that_CST are_VBR not_XX structurally_RR ,_, functionally_RR ,_, or_CC phylogenetically_RR related_VVN to_II each_PPX221 other_PPX222 ._. 
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<s>
However_RR ,_, a_AT1 longitudinal_JJ study_NN1 of_IO early_JJ stage_NN1 PD_NP1 indicated_VVD that_CST ,_, at_II baseline_NN1 ,_, serotonin_NN1 function_NN1 in_II the_AT midbrain_NN1 raphe_NN1 was_VBDZ significantly_RR increased_VVN while_CS norepinephrine_JJ function_NN1 in_II the_AT locus_NN1 coeruleus_NN was_VBDZ insignificantly_RR increased_VVN (_( Pavese_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2011_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
The_AT 1D_NNU elastic_JJ force-dipoles_NN2 (_( EFD_NP1 )_) model_NN1 (_( note_VV0 that_CST this_DD1 is_VBZ a_AT1 1D_NNU cell_NN1 model_NN1 )_) of_IO Safran_NP1 and_CC colleagues_NN2 addresses_VVZ this_DD1 by_RP considering_CS21 that_CS22 cells_NN2 prefer_VV0 to_TO maintain_VVI homeostatic_JJ local_JJ stress_NN1 and_CC strain_VVI fields_NN2 by_II adjusting_VVG a_AT1 force_NN1 dipoles_NN2 which_DDQ characterize_VV0 the_AT contraction_NN1 force_NN1 of_IO cells_NN2 &lsqb;_( 104_MC 106_MC &rsqb;_) ._. 
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This_DD1 amino_NN1 acid_NN1 imbalance_NN1 was_VBDZ proposed_VVN to_TO be_VBI sensed_VVN in_II the_AT APC_FO by_II activation_NN1 of_IO the_AT protein_NN1 kinase_NN1 GCN2_FO ,_, enabling_VVG animals_NN2 to_TO reject_VVI the_AT EAA-deficient_JJ food_NN1 within_II the_AT first_MD hour_NNT1 of_IO feeding_VVG ._. 
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This_DD1 illustrates_VVZ the_AT enormous_JJ protective_JJ capacity_NN1 of_IO this_DD1 CNN_NP1 strain_NN1 ._. 
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We_PPIS2 therefore_RR looked_VVD to_TO see_VVI if_CS one_MC1 of_IO them_PPHO2 ,_, thymus_NN1 cell_NN1 antigen_NN1 1_MC1 (_( Thy1_FO )_) (_( also_RR known_VVN as_II Cd90_FO )_) ,_, is_VBZ expressed_VVN in_II tree_NN1 shrew_NN1 SSCs_NN2 and_CC could_VM be_VBI used_VVN to_TO enrich_VVI SSCs_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Automated_JJ layout_NN1 is_VBZ essential_JJ to_TO allow_VVI the_AT diagram_NN1 to_TO accurately_RR depict_VVI the_AT underlying_JJ DB_NP1 content_NN1 as_CSA that_DD1 content_NN1 evolves_VVZ ,_, without_IW requiring_VVG time-consuming_JJ manual_NN1 updates_VVZ by_II curators_NN2 that_CST are_VBR bound_VVNK to_TO overlook_VVI some_DD updates_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Schielzeth_NP1 and_CC Forstmeier_NP1 (_( 2009_MC )_) and_CC van_NP1 de_NP1 Pol_NP1 and_CC Wright_NP1 (_( 2009_MC )_) provide_VV0 some_DD good_JJ examples_NN2 illustrating_VVG that_DD1 non-independence_NN1 is_VBZ common_JJ when_CS performing_VVG behavioural_JJ studies_NN2 ;_; they_PPHS2 also_RR show_VV0 how_RGQ random_JJ effects_NN2 can_VM be_VBI incorporated_VVN into_II linear_JJ models_NN2 to_TO tease_VVI apart_RL within-subject_JJ effects_NN2 from_II between-subject_NN1 effects_NN2 ._. 
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We_PPIS2 are_VBR very_RG good_JJ at_II engineering_NN1 nucleases_NN2 ,_, which_DDQ are_VBR the_AT molecular_JJ scissors_NN2 that_CST can_VM cut_VVI the_AT genome_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT classic_JJ examples_NN2 of_IO heterochrony_NN1 are_VBR well_RR known_VVN ;_; for_REX21 instance_REX22 ,_, the_AT phenomenon_NN1 of_IO neoteny_NN1 (_( more_RGR strictly_RR '_NULL paedomorphosis_NN1 '_NULL )_) whereby_RRQ ,_, in_II certain_JJ salamanders_NN2 (_( including_II the_AT axolotl_NN1 )_) ,_, sexual_JJ maturity_NN1 occurs_VVZ in_II what_DDQ is_VBZ usually_RR considered_VVN the_AT larval_JJ stage_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
A_AT1 physical_JJ interaction_NN1 between_II the_AT two_MC proteins_NN2 is_VBZ necessary_JJ for_IF autophagy-mediated_JJ clearance_NN1 of_IO pathogens_NN2 &lsqb;_( 43_MC &rsqb;_) ._. 
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<s>
The_AT REMD_NN1 and_CC REST_VV0 methods_NN2 sample_VV0 the_AT phase_NN1 space_NN1 with_IW a_AT1 canonical_JJ distribution_NN1 (_( fixed_JJ number_NN1 of_IO atoms_NN2 ,_, volume_NN1 and_CC temperature_NN1 )_) and_CC therefore_RR fall_VV0 short_JJ in_II exploring_VVG the_AT very_JJ low_JJ probability_NN1 states_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Inappropriate_JJ activation_NN1 of_IO Caspase-1_MC1 has_VHZ been_VBN linked_VVN to_II several_DA2 autoimmune_NN1 inflammatory_JJ disorders_NN2 in_II humans_NN2 ,_, illustrating_VVG the_AT importance_NN1 of_IO tight_JJ regulation_NN1 of_IO Caspase-1_MC1 activity_NN1 (_( Martinon_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2009_MC )_) ._. 
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Therefore_RR ,_, it_PPH1 is_VBZ likely_JJ that_CST the_AT association_NN1 is_VBZ for_IF direct_RR foraging_VVG benefits_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Unlike_JJ spotted_JJ owls_NN2 ,_, barred_VVD owls_NN2 consumed_VVD a_AT1 large_JJ proportion_NN1 of_IO very_RG small_JJ (_( 10_MC g_NNU )_) prey_VV0 that_CST included_VVD at_RR21 least_RR22 14_MC species_NN of_IO insects_NN2 ,_, 4_MC species_NN of_IO snails_NN2 ,_, 4_MC species_NN of_IO shrews_NN2 ,_, and_CC 5_MC species_NN of_IO small_JJ birds_NN2 (_( Appendix_NN1 F_ZZ1 )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
S1pr2_FO mRNA_NN1 is_VBZ abundantly_RR expressed_VVN in_II stria_NN1 vascularis_NN1 (_( 144_MC )_) ,_, and_CC S1pr2_FO knockout_NN1 stria_NN1 vascularis_NN1 showed_VVD morphologic_JJ abnormalities_NN2 of_IO capillary_JJ dilation_NN1 and_CC distortion_NN1 (_( 144_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
Time_NNT1 will_VM tell_VVI whether_CSW our_APPGE field_NN1 manages_VVZ to_TO characterize_VVI and_CC derisk_VVI these_DD2 approaches_NN2 sufficiently_RR for_IF regulators_NN2 to_TO approve_VVI their_APPGE use_NN1 under_II less_RGR stringent_JJ hospital-based_JJ approval_NN1 or_CC registration_NN1 frameworks_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
However_RR ,_, signal_NN1 amplitude_NN1 is_VBZ another_DD1 variable_NN1 that_CST obviously_RR is_VBZ influenced_VVN by_II habitat_NN1 ,_, elevation_NN1 ,_, and_CC separation_NN1 of_IO the_AT signal_NN1 source_NN1 and_CC receiver_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Other_JJ open_JJ questions_NN2 are_VBR :_: do_VD0 both_RR continuous_JJ and_CC non-continuous_JJ helical_JJ patterns_NN2 exist_VV0 in_II the_AT cell_NN1 or_CC is_VBZ one_PN1 interpreted_VVN as_II the_AT other_JJ due_II21 to_II22 limitations_NN2 in_II optical_JJ imaging_NN1 ?_? 
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<s>
Mechanistically_RR ,_, the_AT first_MD step_NN1 in_II X_ZZ1 inactivation_NN1 involves_VVZ expression_NN1 of_IO the_AT noncoding_JJ Xist_JJ RNA_NN1 ,_, which_DDQ spreads_VVZ from_II its_APPGE site_NN1 of_IO transcription_NN1 to_TO coat_VVI the_AT X_ZZ1 chromosome_NN1 that_CST will_VM later_RRR be_VBI silenced_VVN (_( reviewed_VVN in_II ref_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Home_NN1 range_NN1 size_NN1 was_VBDZ log-transformed_JJ prior_II21 to_II22 analysis_NN1 to_TO stabilize_VVI variance_NN1 in_II the_AT data_NN ._. 
</s>
<s>
In_II the_AT cable_NN1 network_NN1 model_NN1 ,_, the_AT cable_NN1 (_( actin_NN1 cytoskeleton_NN1 )_) is_VBZ stretchable_JJ like_II a_AT1 linear_JJ spring_NN1 ,_, but_CCB does_VDZ not_XX show_VVI any_DD mechanical_JJ resistance_NN1 in_II compression_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
It_PPH1 was_VBDZ immediately_RR apparent_JJ that_CST after_CS cABC_NN1 treatment_NN1 ,_, the_AT number_NN1 of_IO OPCs_NP1 was_VBDZ significantly_RR increased_VVN at_II both_RR 1_MC1 and_CC 2_MC weeks_NNT2 post-injury_JJ ._. 
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<s>
This_DD1 strongly_RR suggests_VVZ that_CST antibiotic-induced_JJ autophagy_JJ targets_NN2 bacteria_NN2 to_II progressively_RR more_RGR acidic_JJ compartments_NN2 ,_, eventually_RR destined_VVN for_IF lysosomal_JJ degradation_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
These_DD2 calibrations_NN2 were_VBDR developed_VVN for_IF tropical_JJ forages_NN2 in_II northern_JJ Australia_NP1 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT number_NN1 of_IO mutations_NN2 in_II any_DD cell_NN1 is_VBZ determined_VVN by_II its_APPGE age_NN1 ,_, the_AT mutation_NN1 rate_NN1 ,_, and_CC its_APPGE fate_NN1 ,_, all_DB resulting_VVG from_II the_AT effects_NN2 of_IO selection_NN1 acting_VVG on_II the_AT phenotypic_JJ consequences_NN2 of_IO each_DD1 mutation_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Super-resolution_NN1 Microscopy_NN1 Advances_NN2 in_II light_JJ microscopy_NN1 have_VH0 resulted_VVN in_II unprecedented_JJ resolution_NN1 and_CC image_NN1 quality_NN1 that_CST has_VHZ enhanced_VVN our_APPGE understanding_NN1 of_IO how_RGQ cellular_JJ processes_NN2 and_CC cells_NN2 interact_VV0 with_IW their_APPGE microenvironment_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Homologs_NN2 of_IO AmRAD_NP1 have_VH0 been_VBN identified_VVN in_II several_DA2 other_JJ plants_NN2 that_CST have_VH0 asymmetric_JJ flowers_NN2 ,_, such_II21 as_II22 Veronica_NP1 montana_NN1 (_( VmRAD_NP1 )_) and_CC Gratiola_NP1 officinalis_NN1 (_( GoRAD_NP1 )_) ,_, in_II which_DDQ they_PPHS2 are_VBR highly_RR expressed_VVN in_II pre-anthesis_JJ flowers_NN2 (_( Preston_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2009_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
Differences_NN2 in_II the_AT cas3_FO gene_NN1 among_II Type_NN1 I_ZZ1 subtypes_NN2 suggest_VV0 some_DD variability_NN1 in_II interference_NN1 mechanism_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
We_PPIS2 also_RR want_VV0 to_TO thank_VVI the_AT organizers_NN2 of_IO the_AT FEED_NN1 Project_NN1 and_CC this_DD1 symposium_NN1 for_IF inviting_VVG us_PPIO2 to_TO participate_VVI in_II the_AT NESCent_JJ workshops_NN2 and_CC the_AT FEED_NN1 Symposium_NN1 at_II the_AT SICB_NN1 2010_MC Annual_JJ Meeting_NN1 :_: Susan_NP1 H._NP1 Williams_NP1 ,_, Christine_NP1 E._NP1 Wall_NP1 ,_, Rebecca_NP1 Z._NP1 German_NN1 ,_, and_CC Christopher_NP1 J._NP1 Vinyard_NP1 ._. 
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<s>
Furthermore_RR ,_, the_AT cost_NN1 of_IO fecal_JJ bacteriotherapy_NN1 may_VM be_VBI relatively_RR inexpensive_JJ when_CS compared_VVN to_II the_AT cost_NN1 of_IO repeated_JJ courses_NN2 of_IO antimicrobial_JJ agents_NN2 ,_, hospitalizations_NN2 ,_, as_II31 well_II32 as_II33 lost_JJ patient_JJ work_NN1 productivity_NN1 during_II the_AT time_NNT1 periods_NN2 of_IO recurrent_JJ diarrhea_NN1 &lsqb;_( 39_MC &rsqb;_) ._. 
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<s>
SY_NP1 :_: Because_II21 of_II22 recent_JJ legal_JJ changes_NN2 ,_, Japan_NP1 has_VHZ received_VVN a_AT1 lot_NN1 of_IO international_JJ attention_NN1 regarding_II its_APPGE regulatory_JJ mechanism_NN1 for_IF cell_NN1 therapies_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Toll-like_JJ receptors_NN2 (_( TLRs_NP1 )_) were_VBDR the_AT first_MD such_DA PRRs_NP1 to_TO be_VBI recognized_VVN ,_, but_CCB new_JJ studies_NN2 have_VH0 shed_VVN valuable_JJ light_NN1 on_II how_RGQ other_JJ molecules_NN2 such_DA CLRs_NN2 and_CC the_AT inflammasome_JJ detect_VV0 microbes_NN2 and_CC subsequently_RR direct_JJ skewing_NN1 of_IO Th_NP1 cell_NN1 responses_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
However_RR ,_, it_PPH1 is_VBZ critical_JJ for_IF optimizing_VVG the_AT methodology_NN1 to_TO develop_VVI improved_JJ strategies_NN2 for_IF longitudinally_RR tracking_JJ engraftment_NN1 of_IO these_DD2 cells_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Various_JJ biomass_NN1 calculation_NN1 models_NN2 have_VH0 been_VBN developed_VVN for_IF different_JJ species_NN of_IO canids_NN2 &lsqb;_( wolf_NN1 (_( e._ZZ1 g_ZZ1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Weaver_NP1 1993_MC )_) ,_, coyote_NN1 Canis_NN1 latrans_NN2 (_( e._ZZ1 g_ZZ1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Weaver_NP1 &;_NULL Hoffman_NP1 1979_MC ,_, Kelly_NP1 1991_MC )_) ,_, side-striped_JJ jackal_NN1 Canis_NN1 adustus_NN1 (_( Atkinson_NP1 et_RA21 al_RA22 ._. 
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<s>
2002_MC )_) and_CC red_JJ fox_NN1 Vulpes_NP2 vulpes_NN2 (_( e._ZZ1 g_ZZ1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Goszczyn_NP1 ski_NN1 1974_MC )_) &rsqb;_) and_CC mustelids_NN2 &lsqb;_( badger_NN1 (_( Rosalino_NP1 etal_JJ ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT views_NN2 and_CC opinions_NN2 of_IO authors_NN2 expressed_VVN in_II this_DD1 article_NN1 do_VD0 not_XX necessarily_RR represent_VVI those_DD2 of_IO the_AT National_JJ Institutes_NN2 of_IO Health_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
First_MD ,_, the_AT molecular_JJ alterations_NN2 of_IO a_AT1 given_JJ target_NN1 ,_, such_II21 as_II22 mutations_NN2 or_CC expression_NN1 perturbation_NN1 ,_, can_VM lead_VVI to_II acquired_JJ drug_NN1 resistance_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
What_DDQ do_VD0 you_PPY predict_VVI will_VM be_VBI the_AT next_MD breakthrough_NN1 in_II developmental_JJ biology_NN1 ?_? 
</s>
<s>
RUD-lite_NN1 ,_, although_CS included_VVN as_II an_AT1 exploratory_JJ outcome_NN1 ,_, will_VM be_VBI analysed_VVN in_II31 conjunction_II32 with_II33 the_AT recently_RR completed_VVN study_NN1 in_II patients_NN2 with_IW mild_JJ Alzheimer_NP1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 disease_NN1 (_( NCT01689233_FO ,_, EudraCT_NP1 21012-002847-28_MCMC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
These_DD2 methods_NN2 can_VM be_VBI categorized_VVN into_II two_MC groups_NN2 depending_II21 on_II22 how_RRQ the_AT system_NN1 is_VBZ sampled_VVN :_: equilibrium_NN1 and_CC non-equilibrium_JJ simulation_NN1 methods_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Department_NN1 of_IO Biology_NN1 ,_, University_NN1 of_IO Utah_NP1 ,_, Salt_NP1 Lake_NP1 City_NN1 ,_, UT_NP1 84112_MC ,_, U._NP1 S._NP1 A._NP1 There_EX was_VBDZ no_AT evidence_NN1 for_IF spatial_JJ or_CC temporal_JJ avoidance_NN1 by_II raccoons_NN2 relative_II21 to_II22 the_AT presence_NN1 or_CC amount_NN1 of_IO activity_NN1 of_IO any_DD other_JJ carnivore_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Human_JJ disturbance_NN1 of_IO avian_JJ species_NN has_VHZ received_VVN the_AT most_DAT attention_NN1 (_( e._ZZ1 g._NNU ,_, Carrier_NN1 and_CC Melquist_NN1 1976_MC ,_, Grubb_NP1 and_CC King_NN1 1991_MC )_) ,_, though_CS the_AT scope_NN1 of_IO anthropogenic_JJ studies_NN2 ,_, diversity_NN1 of_IO disturbance_NN1 types_NN2 and_CC species_NN ,_, and_CC behavioral_JJ and_CC physiological_JJ response_NN1 parameters_NN2 has_VHZ expanded_VVN recently_RR (_( Frid_NP1 and_CC Dill_NP1 2002_MC ,_, Kerr_NP1 et_RA21 al_RA22 ._. 
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<s>
2004_MC ,_, Mazerolle_NP1 et_RA21 al_RA22 ._. 
</s>
<s>
2005_MC ,_, Müller_NP1 et_RA21 al_RA22 ._. 
</s>
<s>
2006_MC ,_, Tarlow_NP1 and_CC Blumstein_NP1 2007_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Species_NN may_VM reduce_VVI the_AT potentially_RR adverse_JJ effects_NN2 of_IO interspecific_JJ competition_NN1 in_II a_AT1 variety_NN1 of_IO different_JJ ways_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Spontaneous_JJ control_NN1 of_IO plant_NN1 diseases_NN2 by_II bacteria_NN2 in_II some_DD fields_NN2 was_VBDZ discovered_VVN at_II several_DA2 places_NN2 around_II the_AT world_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Based_VVN on_II the_AT fully_RR supported_VVN relationships_NN2 among_II Tectarius_NP1 (_( Tectarius_NP1 )_) grandinatus_NN1 ,_, T._NP1 (_( T._NP1 )_) tectumpersicum_NN1 and_CC T._NP1 (_( Echininiopsis_NP1 )_) viviparus_NN1 ,_, the_AT subgenus_NN1 Echininiopsis_NN1 (_( introduced_VVN by_II Reid_NP1 1989a_FO )_) should_VM be_VBI synonymized_VVN with_IW the_AT nominal_JJ subgenus_NN1 Tectarius_NP1 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT reads_NN2 can_VM be_VBI displayed_VVN on_II screen_NN1 at_II varying_JJ zoom_NN1 levels_NN2 ,_, and_CC in_II one_MC1 of_IO two_MC primary_JJ layout_NN1 modes_NN2 :_: packed_JJ --_NN1 where_CS Tablet_NN1 attempts_NN2 to_TO keep_VVI every_AT1 read_VV0 as_RG close_RR to_II the_AT top_NN1 of_IO the_AT screen_NN1 as_CSA possible_JJ ,_, only_RR moving_VVG reads_VVZ further_RRR down_RP when_CS they_PPHS2 overlap_VV0 another_DD1 read_VVD ;_; and_CC stacked_JJ --_NN1 where_CS each_DD1 read_NN1 is_VBZ displayed_VVN on_II its_APPGE own_DA row_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
For_REX21 example_REX22 ,_, nest_NN1 effects_NN2 arising_VVG from_II patch_NN1 quality_NN1 or_CC parental_JJ provisioning_NN1 will_VM often_RR be_VBI shared_VVN among_II siblings_NN2 within_II a_AT1 clutch_NN1 ,_, while_CS maternal_JJ effects_NN2 may_VM also_RR cause_VVI within-family_JJ similarity_NN1 (_( Table_NN1 1_MC1 ;_; Kruuk_NP1 &;_NULL Hadfield_NP1 2007_MC ;_; Wilson_NP1 et_RA21 al_RA22 ._. 
</s>
<s>
2005_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
RA_NP1 in_II turn_NN1 projects_NN2 to_II nuclei_NN2 in_II the_AT brainstem_NN1 that_CST either_DD1 control_NN1 respiration_NN1 (_( Ram_NN1 ;_; nucleus_NN1 retroambigualus_NN1 and_CC PAm_NP1 ;_; nucleus_NN1 paraambigualus_NN1 )_) or_CC the_AT muscles_NN2 of_IO the_AT vocal_JJ organ_NN1 ,_, known_VVN as_II the_AT syrinx_NN1 in_II birds_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Here_RL ,_, we_PPIS2 provide_VV0 our_APPGE perspectives_NN2 on_II the_AT emerging_JJ directions_NN2 provided_VVN by_II various_JJ multiscale_NN1 bioengineering_VVG approaches_NN2 ,_, particularly_RR with_II31 respect_II32 to_II33 advances_NN2 in_II biomaterials_NN2 and_CC biofabrication_NN1 techniques_NN2 ,_, which_DDQ will_VM enable_VVI the_AT development_NN1 of_IO the_AT next_MD generation_NN1 of_IO stem_NN1 cell_NN1 culture_NN1 platforms_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
This_DD1 literature_NN1 can_VM be_VBI broadly_RR divided_VVN into_II three_MC types_NN2 or_CC sources_NN2 :_: (_( i_ZZ1 )_) historical_JJ information_NN1 ,_, largely_RR whaling_NN1 data_NN ;_; (_( ii_MC )_) Japanese_JJ sighting_NN1 surveys_NN2 ;_; and_CC (_( iii_MC )_) Russian_JJ or_CC Soviet_JJ reports_NN2 and_CC papers_NN2 --_NN1 in_II most_DAT cases_NN2 previously_RR unavailable_JJ in_II English_JJ --_NN1 giving_VVG results_NN2 of_IO surveys_NN2 (_( some_DD directed_VVD ,_, others_NN2 opportunistic_JJ or_CC focused_VVD on_II other_JJ taxa_NN2 ,_, but_CCB where_RRQ cetacean_JJ sightings_NN2 were_VBDR regularly_RR collected_VVN )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
In_II the_AT land_NN1 plant_NN1 common_JJ ancestor_NN1 ,_, KNOX1_FO genes_NN2 acquired_VVD functions_NN2 in_II maintenance_NN1 of_IO sporophytic_JJ meristematic_JJ cells_NN2 ,_, as_CSA evidenced_VVN by_II loss-of-function_JJ phenotypes_NN2 in_II flowering_JJ plants_NN2 and_CC moss_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Homo_NN121 sapiens_NN122 melanoma_NN1 cell_NN1 lines_NN2 (_( Hs_NP2 )_) :_: These_DD2 human_JJ data_NN correspond_VV0 to_II a_AT1 comparison_NN1 between_II a_AT1 melanoma_NN1 cell_NN1 line_NN1 expressing_VVG the_AT Microphtalmia_NP1 Transcription_NN1 Factor_NN1 (_( MiTF_NP1 )_) and_CC a_AT1 melanoma_NN1 cell_NN1 line_NN1 in_II which_DDQ small_JJ interfering_JJ RNAs_NN2 (_( siRNAs_NN2 )_) are_VBR used_VVN against_II MiTF_NN1 in_BCL21 order_BCL22 to_TO lower_VVI its_APPGE expression_NN1 &lsqb;_( 33_MC &rsqb;_) ._. 
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<s>
Randle_VV0 and_CC colleagues6_FO postulated_VVD a_AT1 mechanism_NN1 more_DAR than_CSN 40_MC years_NNT2 ago_RA by_II which_DDQ fatty_JJ acids_NN2 could_VM impair_VVI insulin-stimulated_JJ glucose_NN1 oxidation_NN1 in_II muscle_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Section_NN1 A_ZZ1 covers_VVZ the_AT interaction_NN1 of_IO bacterial_JJ pathogens_NN2 with_IW plants_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Based_VVN on_II the_AT intensive-harvest_JJ hypothesis_NN1 ,_, we_PPIS2 expected_VVD that_DD1 trophy_NN1 categories_NN2 with_IW conservative_JJ harvest_NN1 regimes_NN2 would_VM be_VBI less_RGR likely_JJ to_TO exhibit_VVI a_AT1 decline_NN1 in_II horn_NN1 or_CC antler_NN1 size_NN1 than_CSN those_DD2 experiencing_VVG heavy_JJ harvest_NN1 of_IO males_NN2 ,_, which_DDQ shifts_VVZ age_NN1 structures_NN2 toward_II young_JJ males_NN2 that_CST have_VH0 relatively_RR smaller_JJR horns_NN2 and_CC antlers_NN2 (_( Noyes_NP1 et_RA21 al_RA22 ._. 
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<s>
1996_MC ,_, Langvatn_NP1 and_CC Loison_NP1 1999_MC ,_, Solberg_NP1 et_RA21 al_RA22 ._. 
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2000_MC ,_, Jenks_NP1 et_RA21 al_RA22 ._. 
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2002_MC ,_, Milner_NP1 et_RA21 al_RA22 ._. 
</s>
<s>
2007_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Foxes_NN2 can_VM also_RR cause_VVI direct_JJ losses_NN2 through_II predation_NN1 of_IO other_JJ livestock_NN and_CC disease_NN1 transmission_NN1 ,_, which_DDQ would_VM be_VBI additive_JJ to_II either_DD1 of_IO these_DD2 estimates_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Each_DD1 tower_NN1 has_VHZ been_VBN assigned_VVN an_AT1 ID_NN1 that_CST is_VBZ logged_VVN by_II the_AT mobile_JJ phones_NN2 in_II our_APPGE study_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
According_II21 to_II22 this_DD1 influential_JJ idea_NN1 ,_, whenconflict_NN1 occurs_VVZ ,_, it_PPH1 triggers_VVZ --_JJ perhaps_RR automatically_RR --_JJ a_AT1 boost_NN1 to_II the_AT control_NN1 mechanism_NN1 that_CST has_VHZ been_VBN set_VVN up_RP to_TO deal_VVI with_IW it_PPH1 ,_, thus_RR modulating_VVG the_AT strength_NN1 of_IO control_NN1 before_II the_AT next_MD trial_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
However_RR ,_, surprisingly_RR few_DA2 studies_NN2 have_VH0 to_TO date_VVI sought_VVN to_TO use_VVI DNA_NN1 sequence_NN1 data_NN ,_, or_CC barcode_VV0 data_NN ,_, for_IF rapid_JJ biodiversity_NN1 assessment_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
In_II the_AT simulations_NN2 described_VVN below_RL ,_, I_PPIS1 define_VV0 =b2/b1_NN1 ,_, i._MC e._ZZ1 is_VBZ the_AT ratio_NN1 of_IO the_AT effect_NN1 of_IO x2_FO relative_II21 to_II22 that_DD1 of_IO x1_FO ._. 
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<s>
Anthrax_NN1 lethal_JJ factor_NN1 (_( LF_NP1 )_) is_VBZ another_DD1 example_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 translocated_JJ molecule_NN1 that_CST activates_VVZ a_AT1 host_NN1 response_NN1 in_II the_AT cytosol_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Changes_NN2 at_II the_AT distal_JJ E-helix_NN1 are_VBR less_RGR recurrent_JJ but_CCB slowly_RR toggle_VV0 between_II amino_NN1 acid_NN1 residues_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT traits_NN2 that_CST distinguish_VV0 modern_JJ rice_NN1 varieties_NN2 from_II their_APPGE wild_JJ ancestor_NN1 can_VM range_VVI from_II subtle_JJ to_II dramatic_JJ (_( Figure_NN1 1_MC1 )_) ._. 
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In_II rice_NN1 ,_, both_DB2 OsTPP1_FO and_CC OsTPP2_FO levels_NN2 increased_VVN during_II cold_JJ stress_NN1 treatment_NN1 (_( Pramanik_NP1 and_CC Imai_NP1 ,_, 2005_MC ;_; Shima_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2007_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
If_CS the_AT latter_DA ,_, pharma_NN1 needs_VVZ to_TO be_VBI prepared_VVN for_IF investment_NN1 and_CC change_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
In_II natural_JJ conditions_NN2 ,_, bacteria_NN2 associated_VVN with_IW mycorrhizal_JJ fungi_NN2 colonize_VV0 the_AT surface_NN1 of_IO extraradical_JJ hyphae_NN2 or_CC ,_, at_RR21 least_RR22 in_II some_DD fungal_JJ taxa_NN2 ,_, live_VV0 in_II the_AT cytoplasm_NN1 as_CSA endobacteria_NN1 (_( Figure_NN1 3_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
Our_APPGE analyses_NN2 were_VBDR across_II multiple_JJ scales_NN2 ,_, examining_VVG gene_NN1 flow_NN1 patterns_NN2 between_II broad_JJ regions_NN2 and_CC movements_NN2 of_IO individual_JJ bears_NN2 between_II adjacent_JJ areas_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT default_NN1 settings_NN2 in_II MaxEnt_NP1 enable_VV0 all_DB features_NN2 to_TO be_VBI used_VVN ,_, but_CCB this_DD1 may_VM lead_VVI to_II an_AT1 overly_RR complex_JJ model_NN1 ;_; therefore_RR ,_, we_PPIS2 chose_VVD to_TO use_VVI only_RR the_AT hinge_NN1 feature_NN1 ,_, which_DDQ incorporates_VVZ linear_JJ and_CC threshold_NN1 features_NN2 and_CC produces_VVZ a_AT1 model_NN1 with_IW smooth_JJ response_NN1 curves_NN2 (_( Elith_NP1 et_NP1 al.2010_FO ,_, 2011_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
This_DD1 technique_NN1 has_VHZ proven_VVN useful_JJ for_IF controlling_VVG the_AT dynamic_JJ addition_NN1 and_CC removal_NN1 of_IO the_AT Notch_NN1 ligand_NN1 ,_, Delta_NN1 ,_, and_CC vitronectin_NN1 to_TO guide_VVI stem_NN1 cell_NN1 fate_NN1 (_( DeForest_NP1 and_CC Tirrell_NP1 ,_, 2015_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
It_PPH1 has_VHZ been_VBN seen_VVN in_II several_DA2 cortical_JJ areas_NN2 ,_, under_II diverse_JJ stimulus_NN1 conditions_NN2 and_CC a_AT1 range_NN1 of_IO cognitive_JJ states_NN2 (_( for_IF a_AT1 review_NN1 see_VV0 &lsqb;_( 11_MC &rsqb;_) )_) ._. 
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<s>
The_AT similarity_NN1 in_II the_AT former_DA group_NN1 can_VM be_VBI completely_RR captured_VVN by_II an_AT1 appropriate_JJ null_JJ model_NN1 ,_, whereas_CS for_IF the_AT latter_DA group_NN1 ,_, the_AT similarity_NN1 is_VBZ significantly_RR higher_JJR than_CSN can_VM be_VBI explained_VVN by_II the_AT same_DA null_JJ model_NN1 suggesting_VVG 3D_NNU colocalization_NN1 of_IO distal_JJ loci_NN2 that_CST replicate_VV0 at_II similar_JJ times_NNT2 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT NPO_NN1 was_VBDZ negatively_RR related_VVN to_II antler_NN1 size_NN1 for_IF Canada_NP1 moose_NN ,_, and_CC positively_RR related_VVN to_II antler_NN1 size_NN1 for_IF typical_JJ American_JJ elk_NN1 (_( Table_NN1 3_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
CuZnSOD_NN1 has_VHZ also_RR been_VBN localised_VVN to_II the_AT mitochondrial_JJ inter-membrane_JJ space_NN1 (_( IMS_NP1 )_) ,_, in_II31 addition_II32 to_II33 the_AT cytosol_NN1 &lsqb;_( 23_MC &rsqb;_) ._. 
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<s>
The_AT longer-term_JJ trend_NN1 of_IO shoreline_NN1 rotation_NN1 appears_VVZ to_TO be_VBI related_VVN to_II larger-scale_JJ bathymetric_JJ change_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Activation_NN1 of_IO MMP-9_MC at_II future_JJ sites_NN2 of_IO metastasis_NN1 is_VBZ believed_VVN to_TO result_VVI in_II stimulation_NN1 of_IO various_JJ integrins_NN2 ,_, as_II31 well_II32 as_II33 liberation_NN1 of_IO molecules_NN2 that_CST have_VH0 been_VBN sequestered_VVN in_II the_AT ECM_NP1 ,_, such_II21 as_II22 the_AT carcinoma_NN1 cell_NN1 chemoattractant_JJ stromal_JJ cell-derived_JJ factor_NN1 1_MC1 (_( SDF-1_MC1 )_) (_( Psaila_NP1 and_CC Lyden_NP1 ,_, 2009_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
It_PPH1 is_VBZ interesting_JJ that_CST ,_, compared_VVN with_IW the_AT prediction_NN1 of_IO well-mixed_JJ population_NN1 ,_, the_AT same_DA set_NN1 of_IO basic_JJ reproductive_JJ number_NN1 may_VM lead_VVI to_II completely_RR epidemiological_JJ outcomes_NN2 in_II any_DD two_MC processes_NN2 ,_, which_DDQ sheds_NN2 light_VV0 to_II the_AT heterogeneity_NN1 of_IO SARS_NP2 around_II the_AT world_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Finding_VVG that_DD1 peripheral_JJ vent_NN1 fauna_NN in_II fluids_NN2 <5_FO °C_NNU can_VM survive_VVI exposure_NN1 to_II high_JJ temperatures_NN2 is_VBZ surprising_JJ because_CS cold_JJ adaption_NN1 is_VBZ generally_RR thought_VVN to_TO relate_VVI to_II reduced_JJ heat_NN1 tolerance4_FO ._. 
</s>
<s>
When_RRQ cells_NN2 undergo_VV0 irreversible_JJ ER_NP1 stress5_FO ,_, this_DD1 pathway_NN1 eliminates_VVZ damaged_JJ cells_NN2 by_II apoptosis_NN1 ,_, indicating_VVG the_AT existence_NN1 of_IO mechanisms_NN2 that_CST integrate_VV0 information_NN1 about_II the_AT duration_NN1 and_CC intensity_NN1 of_IO stress_NN1 stimuli_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Data_NN on_II nematode_NN1 densities_NN2 (_( genus_NN1 level_NN1 )_) were_VBDR standardized_VVN prior_II21 to_II22 calculating_VVG the_AT resemblance_NN1 matrix_NN1 using_VVG Bray-Curtis_NP1 similarity_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Non-parametric_JJ tests_NN2 were_VBDR used_VVN if_CS those_DD2 assumptions_NN2 were_VBDR not_XX meet_VV0 ._. 
</s>
<s>
To_TO obtain_VVI cells_NN2 from_II the_AT fracture_NN1 callus_NN1 ,_, we_PPIS2 carefully_RR dissected_VVN skin_NN1 and_CC muscle_NN1 tissue_NN1 away_II21 from_II22 the_AT callus_NN1 prior_II21 to_II22 excision_NN1 with_IW a_AT1 razor_NN1 blade_NN1 (_( including_II cortical_JJ bone_NN1 )_) ._. 
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<s>
D._NP1 J._NP1 P._NP1 is_VBZ chair_NN1 of_IO the_AT scientific_JJ advisory_JJ committee_NN1 for_IF Temple_NP1 Thereapeutics_NP1 LLC_NP1 ._. 
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<s>
Metagenomic_NP1 ,_, metatranscriptomic_JJ and_CC physiological_JJ studies_NN2 are_VBR now_RT revealing_VVG the_AT significant_JJ roles_NN2 that_CST bacteria_NN2 and_CC phages_NN2 play_VV0 in_II cell_NN1 mortality_NN1 ,_, along_II21 with_II22 the_AT functional_JJ processes_NN2 of_IO N-fixation_NN1 and_CC metabolism_NN1 ,_, toxin_NN1 production_NN1 and_CC breakdown_NN1 ,_, and_CC colony_NN1 formation_NN1 (_( Steffen_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2012_MC ,_, 2015_MC ;_; D_NP1 '_NULL Souza_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2013_MC ;_; Davis_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2015_MC ;_; Harke_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2015_MC ;_; Wang_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2015_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
The_AT carnivore_NN1 community_NN1 in_II southern_JJ Illinois_NP1 is_VBZ devoid_JJ of_IO large_JJ carnivores_NN2 but_CCB represents_VVZ the_AT most_RGT common_JJ carnivore_NN1 guild_NN1 in_II eastern_JJ North_ND1 America_NP1 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT Amblyopsidae_NP1 have_VH0 been_VBN viewed_VVN as_II a_AT1 model_NN1 system_NN1 of_IO stygobitic_JJ adaptation_NN1 (_( progression_NN1 )_) and_CC degenerate_JJ (_( regressive_JJ )_) evolution_NN1 (_( Eigenmann_NP1 1909_MC ;_; Poulson_NP1 1963_MC ,_, 1985_MC ;_; Barr_NP1 1968_MC ;_; Bechler_NP1 1983_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
The_AT model_NN1 robustly_RR reproduced_VVD the_AT planarity_NN1 of_IO division_NN1 axes_NN2 in_II the_AT four_MC initial_JJ rounds_NN2 of_IO divisions_NN2 ,_, the_AT successive_JJ orthogonality_NN1 of_IO these_DD2 division_NN1 axes_NN2 ,_, and_CC the_AT switch_NN1 in_II division_NN1 orientation_NN1 at_II the_AT fifth_MD cleavage_NN1 in_II the_AT four_MC central_JJ blastomeres_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Soon_RR after_II the_AT initial_JJ description_NN1 of_IO RNAi_JJ phenomena_NN2 ,_, a_AT1 burst_NN1 of_IO genetic_JJ ,_, biochemical_JJ ,_, biophysical_JJ and_CC bioinformatic_JJ efforts_NN2 laid_VVD a_AT1 strong_JJ foundation_NN1 for_IF identifying_VVG the_AT molecular_JJ pathways_NN2 ,_, players_NN2 and_CC parameters_NN2 that_CST govern_VV0 silencing_VVG via_II RNAi_NP1 ._. 
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<s>
Due_II21 to_II22 the_AT low_JJ water_NN1 salinity_NN1 ,_, the_AT faunas_NN2 of_IO the_AT Caspian_NP1 ,_, Azov_NP1 and_CC Aral_JJ Seas_NN2 (_( formerly_RR known_VVN )_) include_VV0 many_DA2 brackish-water_JJ forms_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Therefore_RR ,_, the_AT cell_NN1 death_NN1 observed_VVN in_II Asc_NP1 /_FO macrophages_NN2 might_VM be_VBI a_AT1 result_NN1 of_IO Caspase-11_MC activity_NN1 ,_, independently_RR of_IO Caspase-1_MC1 and_CC Asc_NP1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
It_PPH1 should_VM be_VBI noted_VVN that_CST the_AT whole_JJ muscle_NN1 model_NN1 is_VBZ the_AT only_JJ linear_JJ model_NN1 that_CST bas_NN2 the_AT nonlinear_JJ force-velocity_NN1 and_CC length-tension_JJ relationships_NN2 observed_VVN in_II data_NN ._. 
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<s>
Some_DD aspects_NN2 of_IO the_AT colonization_NN1 process_NN1 are_VBR common_JJ to_II all_DB mycorrhizal_JJ fungi_NN2 ,_, whether_CSW they_PPHS2 form_VV0 ectomycorrhizas_NN2 (_( ECMs_NN2 )_) ,_, arbuscular_JJ (_( AMs_NP2 )_) ,_, ericoid_NN1 ,_, or_CC orchid_NN1 mycorrhizas_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Comparative_JJ expression_NN1 analyses_VVZ by_II in_RR21 situ_RR22 hybridization_NN1 further_RRR revealed_VVN that_CST Osx_NP1 is_VBZ not_XX expressed_VVN in_II R_ZZ1 unx2-deficient_JJ embryos_NN2 ,_, whereas_CS Runx2_FO is_VBZ normally_RR expressed_VVN in_II Osx-deficient_JJ embryos_NN2 (_( 48_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
RISC-IPs_NN2 were_VBDR performed_VVN with_IW a_AT1 few_DA2 modifications_NN2 to_II the_AT previously_RR described_VVN protocol_NN1 (_( Beitzinger_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2007_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
The_AT majority_NN1 of_IO these_DD2 nodes_NN2 are_VBR random_JJ matches_NN2 or_CC matches_VVZ in_RR21 short_RR22 low_JJ complexity_NN1 regions_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Jim_NP1 Kent_NP1 and_CC David_NP1 Haussler_NP1 at_II the_AT University_NN1 of_IO California_NP1 ,_, Santa_NP1 Cruz_NP1 played_VVD a_AT1 significant_JJ role_NN1 in_II the_AT first_MD release_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 draft_NN1 human_NN1 genome_NN1 sequence_NN1 in_II 2000_MC &lsqb;_( 9_MC ,_, 10_MC &rsqb;_) ,_, which_DDQ became_VVD available_JJ from_II UCSC_NP1 by_II bulk_NN1 download_NN1 at_II that_DD1 time_NNT1 ._. 
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<s>
Nevertheless_RR ,_, animal_NN1 proteins_NN2 with_IW a_AT1 single_JJ cysteine_NN1 in_II R3_FO are_VBR redox-controlled_JJ (_( Myrset_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 1993_MC ;_; Brendeford_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 1997_MC )_) ,_, suggesting_VVG the_AT existence_NN1 of_IO mechanisms_NN2 other_II21 than_II22 intramolecular_JJ disulfide_NN1 bond_NN1 formation_NN1 in_II MYB_NP1 protein_NN1 redox_NN1 regulation_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Inorganic_JJ surfaces_NN2 possess_VV0 distinct_JJ physicochemical_JJ properties_NN2 ,_, such_II21 as_II22 reactivity_NN1 towards_II different_JJ compounds_NN2 ,_, material_NN1 stability_NN1 and_CC specific_JJ adsorption_NN1 characteristics_NN2 for_IF different_JJ adsorbents_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
We_PPIS2 observed_VVD woodpecker_NN1 behavior_NN1 for_IF >30_FO minutes_NNT2 before_CS and_CC after_CS each_DD1 experimental_JJ noise_NN1 event_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Consistently_RR ,_, removal_NN1 of_IO the_AT miR399_FO binding_JJ sites_NN2 results_NN2 in_II high_JJ and_CC stable_JJ PHO2_FO transcript_NN1 levels_NN2 in_II Pi-limited_JJ plants_NN2 (_( Fujii_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2005_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
Recombinant_JJ human_JJ insulin_NN1 ,_, alteplase_VV0 ,_, Herceptin_NP1 ,_, an_AT1 acquisition_NN1 for_IF US$46_FO billion-the_AT rest_NN1 is_VBZ history_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
To_TO test_VVI this_DD1 possibility_NN1 in_II the_AT adipocyte_NN1 system_NN1 ,_, we_PPIS2 therefore_RR deleted_VVD FLCN_NP1 in_II immortalized_JJ preadipocytes_NN2 (_( isolated_VVN from_II iWAT_NN1 )_) using_VVG two_MC different_JJ methods_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Contrary_II21 to_II22 TNF-KB_JJ deficient_JJ mice_NN2 ,_, whole-body_JJ IL-6-deficient_JJ mice_NN2 develop_VV0 matureonset_NN1 obesity_NN1 ,_, including_II glucose_NN1 intolerance_NN1 and_CC leptin_NN1 resistance_NN1 (_( 148_MC )_) ,_, and_CC ICV_NP1 injection_NN1 of_IO IL-6_MC increases_VVZ energy_NN1 expenditure_NN1 and_CC decreases_VVZ body_NN1 fat_NN1 (_( 149_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
In_II other_JJ words_NN2 ,_, a_AT1 volume_NN1 potentially_RR summarizing_VVG the_AT contributions_NN2 of_IO genetics_NN1 to_II conservation_JJ biology_NN1 is_VBZ a_AT1 welcome_JJ topic_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Typically_RR ,_, genetic_JJ variants_NN2 are_VBR only_RR used_VVN as_CSA instruments_NN2 if_CS they_PPHS2 are_VBR reliably_RR detected_VVN and_CC replicated_VVN in_II GWAS_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
This_DD1 is_VBZ supported_VVN by_II the_AT finding_NN1 that_CST only_RR 20%_NNU of_IO GHstimulated_JJ genes_NN2 show_VV0 a_AT1 decline_NN1 in_II abundance_NN1 in_II livers_NN2 of_IO hypophysectomized_JJ rats_NN2 expressing_VVG dominant_JJ negative_JJ STAT5b_FO by_II adenoviral_JJ infection_NN1 &lsqb;_( 49_MC &rsqb;_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT redistribution_NN1 of_IO UPF1_FO binding_JJ locations_NN2 following_VVG a_AT1 2-h_ZZ1 inhibition_NN1 of_IO translation_NN1 indicates_VVZ that_CST UPF1_FO binding_VVG to_II RNAs_NN2 is_VBZ fairly_RR dynamic_JJ and_CC suggests_VVZ that_CST translating_VVG ribosomes_NN2 normally_RR displace_VV0 UPF1_FO from_II ORFs_NN2 ,_, as_CSA likely_RR occurs_VVZ for_IF other_JJ RNA_NN1 binding_VVG factors_NN2 (_( Grimson_NP1 et_RA21 al_RA22 ._. 
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<s>
2007_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Electroporation_NN1 and_CC nucleofection_NN1 are_VBR primarily_RR used_VVN for_IF the_AT cellular_JJ delivery_NN1 of_IO nucleic_JJ acids_NN2 and_CC employ_VV0 an_AT1 externally_RR applied_JJ electric_JJ field_NN1 to_TO increase_VVI the_AT excitability_NN1 and_CC permeability_NN1 of_IO the_AT membrane_NN1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 phospholipid_JJ bilayer_NN1 allowing_VVG the_AT intrinsically_RR charged_VVN extracellular_JJ materials_NN2 to_TO directly_RR enter_VVI the_AT cytosol_NN1 during_II an_AT1 electric_JJ pulse.27_FO Nucleofection_NN1 further_RRR incorporates_VVZ a_AT1 proprietary_JJ transfection_NN1 reagent_NN1 to_TO mediate_VVI the_AT subsequent_JJ localization_NN1 of_IO internalized_JJ materials_NN2 to_II the_AT nucleus.28,29_FO As_CSA shown_VVN in_II Fig._NN1 4A_FO and_CC B_ZZ1 ,_, when_CS 550_MC nm_FU DHLA-PEG_JJ capped_JJ QDs_NP1 were_VBDR delivered_VVN to_TO HEK_VVI 293T/17_FU cells_NN2 using_VVG electroporation_NN1 or_CC nucleofection_NN1 ,_, they_PPHS2 adopted_VVD a_AT1 punctate_NN1 morphology_NN1 indicative_JJ of_IO QD_NP1 aggregation_NN1 within_II the_AT cytosol_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT labeling_JJ efficiency_NN1 (_( the_AT percentage_NN1 of_IO bead-positive_JJ blood_NN1 monocytes_NN2 )_) was_VBDZ measured_VVN by_II flow_NN1 cytometry_NN1 at_II the_AT indicated_JJ days_NNT2 after_II the_AT beads_NN2 were_VBDR injected_VVN (_( Supplementary_JJ information_NN1 ,_, Figure_NN1 S6_FO )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Although_CS ANeCA_NP1 makes_VVZ NCPA_NN1 more_RGR convenient_JJ by_II automating_VVG the_AT process_NN1 (_( with_IW the_AT exception_NN1 of_IO resolving_VVG reticulations_NN2 )_) ,_, Templeton_NP1 (_( 2009_MC )_) noted_VVD discrepancies_NN2 between_II inferences_NN2 derived_VVN from_II Panchal_NP1 and_CC Beaumont_NP1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 (_( 2007_MC )_) algorithm_NN1 and_CC those_DD2 drawn_VVN from_II the_AT validated_JJ inference_NN1 key_NN1 constructed_VVN by_II Templeton_NP1 (_( 2004_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
The_AT authors_NN2 '_NULL work_NN1 has_VHZ been_VBN supported_VVN by_II the_AT Michigan_NP1 Diabetes_NN1 Research_NN1 Center_NN1 (_( NIH_NP1 P30_FO DK020572_FO )_) ,_, by_II the_AT American_JJ Diabetes_NN1 Association_NN1 ,_, by_II the_AT Marilyn_NP1 H._NP1 Vincent_NP1 Foundation_NN1 (_( M._NNU G._NNU M._NNO )_) ,_, by_II the_AT Whitehall_NP1 Foundation_NN1 (_( D._NP1 P._NP1 O._NP1 )_) ,_, and_CC by_II the_AT NIH_NP1 (_( DK056731_FO to_II M._NNU G._NNU M._NNO ,_, NS082027_FO to_II A._NP1 K._NP1 S._NP1 ,_, and_CC DK104999_FO to_II D._NP1 P._NP1 O._NP1 )_) ._. 
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<s>
Rather_RR ,_, the_AT perspective_NN1 of_IO scientific_JJ study_NN1 of_IO the_AT evolution_NN1 of_IO microbes_NN2 will_VM be_VBI needed_VVN ._. 
</s>
<s>
Distressingly_RR ,_, this_DD1 traditional_JJ view_NN1 hung_VVD around_RP in_II the_AT minds_NN2 of_IO many_DA2 scientists_NN2 ,_, even_RR prominent_JJ ones_NN2 ,_, for_IF years_NNT2 ,_, causing_VVG Avery_NP1 to_TO suffer_VVI frank_JJ clinical_JJ depression_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
While_CS all_DB of_IO the_AT mothers_NN2 were_VBDR instructed_VVN to_TO speak_VVI Spanish_JJ during_II the_AT interventions_NN2 sessions_NNT2 ,_, and_CC were_VBDR found_VVN to_TO do_VDI so_RR during_II the_AT weekly_JJ observation_NN1 sessions_NNT2 ,_, these_DD2 mothers_NN2 may_VM have_VHI been_VBN code_NN1 switching_VVG during_II intervention_NN1 sessions_NNT2 that_CST they_PPHS2 conducted_VVD without_IW the_AT investigator_NN1 present_NN1 because_CS they_PPHS2 were_VBDR accustomed_VVN to_II doing_VDG so_RR in_II their_APPGE regular_JJ daily_JJ interactions_NN2 with_IW their_APPGE children_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
As_II21 of_II22 March_NPM1 31_MC ,_, 2010_MC ,_, the_AT OOPD_NP1 received_VVD 3094_MC applications_NN2 for_IF orphan_NN1 designation_NN1 and_CC from_II this_DD1 granted_VVD 2156_MC designations_NN2 (_( 70%_NNU of_IO all_DB applications_NN2 )_) (_( USFDA_NP1 ,_, 2010d_NNU )_) (_( Figure_NN1 1A_FO ;_; through_II 2009_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
As_II a_AT1 final_JJ note_NN1 ,_, it_PPH1 appears_VVZ that_CST conformational_JJ entropy_NN1 can_VM also_RR be_VBI relevant_JJ for_IF positive_JJ binding_JJ cooperativity_NN1 since_CS it_PPH1 has_VHZ been_VBN observed_VVN that_CST successive_JJ binding_NN1 of_IO Ca2+_FO to_II calbindin_NN1 D9k_FO is_VBZ associated_VVN with_IW significant_JJ changes_NN2 in_II fast_JJ time_NNT1 scale_NN1 motions_NN2 (_( Mler_NP1 et_RA21 al_RA22 ._. 
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<s>
2000_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
These_DD2 suggest_VV0 that_CST clones_NN2 of_IO herbivores_NN2 are_VBR more_RGR sensitive_JJ to_II strains_NN2 of_IO the_AT cyanobacteria_NN1 that_CST they_PPHS2 have_VH0 never_RR encountered_VVN before_RT than_CSN local_JJ strains_NN2 ,_, and_CC the_AT interaction_NN1 strength_NN1 between_II cyanobacteria_NN1 and_CC zooplankton_NN1 is_VBZ dependent_JJ on_II local_JJ adaptation_NN1 of_IO both_RR grazer_NN1 and_CC prey_NN1 (_( Lemaire_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2011_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
In_II the_AT case_NN1 of_IO Neisseria_NP1 spp._NNU ,_, members_NN2 of_IO the_AT opacity-associated_NN1 (_( Opa_NP1 )_) outer_JJ membrane_NN1 proteins_NN2 (_( which_DDQ are_VBR subject_II21 to_II22 phase_NN1 variation_NN1 as_CSA their_APPGE type_NN1 IV_MC pili_NN2 )_) have_VH0 been_VBN reported_VVN to_TO induce_VVI invasion_NN1 :_: in_RR21 particular_RR22 ,_, Opa50_FO binding_NN1 of_IO a5b1_FO integrins_NN2 induces_VVZ pathogen_NN1 internalization_NN1 in_II epithelial_JJ cells_NN2 in_RR21 vitro_RR22 (_( van_NP1 Putten_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 1998_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
Further_RRR ,_, little_DA1 is_VBZ known_VVN about_II the_AT factors_NN2 (_( e._ZZ1 g._NNU ,_, season_NNT1 ,_, weather_NN1 ,_, attraction_NN1 to_TO bait_VVI ,_, avoidance_NN1 of_IO detection_NN1 device_NN1 )_) that_CST may_VM influence_VVI a_AT1 researcher_NN1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 ability_NN1 to_TO detect_VVI the_AT focal_JJ carnivores_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Again_RT ,_, the_AT clearest_JJT results_NN2 have_VH0 been_VBN obtained_VVN in_II gastric_JJ EECs_NP2 ,_, where_CS hormones_NN2 from_II the_AT small_JJ intestine_NN1 ,_, including_II CCK_NP1 ,_, GIP_NP1 ,_, and_CC GLP-1_MC1 ,_, We_PPIS2 conducted_VVD polymerase_NN1 chain_NN1 reactions_NN2 (_( PCR_NP1 )_) for_IF the_AT control_NN1 region_NN1 and_CC ND2_FO in_II 25-L_JJ volumes_NN2 containing_VVG 2.05.0L_NNU of_IO DNA_NN1 extract_NN1 ,_, 12.5L_NNU of_IO AmpliTaq?Gold_NP1 PCR_NP1 Master_NN1 Mix_NN1 (_( Thermo_NP1 Fisher_NP1 Scientific_JJ ,_, Waltham_NP1 ,_, MA_NNA )_) ,_, 10pmol_FO of_IO each_DD1 primer_NN1 ,_, 1.0L_NNU of_IO bovine_JJ serum_NN1 albumin_NN1 (_( 2mg/mL_NNU ,_, Thermo_NP1 Fisher_NP1 Scientific_JJ )_) ,_, and_CC sufficient_JJ double-deionized_JJ water_NN1 to_TO reach_VVI the_AT final_JJ volume_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Indeed_RR ,_, our_APPGE own_DA earlier_JJR efforts_NN2 for_IF developing_VVG a_AT1 "_" stem_NN1 cell_NN1 kill_VV0 "_" assay_NN1 (_( Han_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2009_MC )_) in_II an_AT1 academic_JJ setting_NN1 ,_, while_CS showing_VVG proof_NN1 of_IO principle_NN1 ,_, could_VM simply_RR not_XX perform_VVI the_AT experiment_NN1 as_CSA rigorously_RR and_CC elegantly_RR as_CSA Dr._NNB Benvenisty_NP1 ._. 
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<s>
Laboratory_NN1 experiments_NN2 have_VH0 shown_VVN the_AT fast-start_JJ to_TO be_VBI very_RG effective_JJ against_II predatory_JJ fishes_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
And_CC he_PPHS1 had_VHD done_VDN more_RRR than_CSN anyone_PN1 else_RR to_TO popularize_VVI and_CC clarify_VVI Wright_NP1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 views_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT flood_NN1 tidal_JJ channel_NN1 (_( centered_VVN on_II 1.8_MC km_NNU in_II Fig._NN1 2_MC )_) that_CST intersects_VVZ the_AT 10_MC m_NNO depth_NN1 contour_NN1 largely_RR accounts_VVZ for_IF the_AT increase_NN1 in_II nearshore_NN1 slope_NN1 seen_VVN at_II the_AT north_ND1 end_NN1 of_IO the_AT beach_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Indeed_RR ,_, we_PPIS2 found_VVD that_CST UPF1-bound_JJ UTRs_NN2 have_VH0 ,_, on_II average_NN1 ,_, nearly_RR twice_RR the_AT number_NN1 of_IO G-rich_JJ regions_NN2 per_II kb_NNU than_CSN do_VD0 unbound_JJ UTRs_NN2 with_IW similar_JJ lengths_NN2 and_CC expression_NN1 levels_NN2 (_( Fig._NN1 4G_NNU )_) ,_, supporting_VVG a_AT1 link_NN1 between_II UPF1_FO association_NN1 and_CC G_ZZ1 content_JJ ._. 
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<s>
Consistent_JJ with_IW the_AT protective_JJ effect_NN1 of_IO myeloid_NN1 HMOX1_FO ,_, the_AT adoptive_JJ transfer_NN1 of_IO BMDM_NP1 transduced_VVD with_IW Hmox1_FO expressing_VVG adenovirus_NN1 is_VBZ protective_JJ in_II renal_JJ I/R_ZZ1 (_( 107_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
By_II mid-2008_MC ,_, however_RR ,_, a_AT1 shared_JJ understanding_NN1 had_VHD formed_VVN between_II farmer_NN1 groups_NN2 ,_, scientists_NN2 ,_, regional_JJ bodies_NN2 and_CC Australian_JJ Government_NN1 actors_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT printing_NN1 is_VBZ of_IO low_JJ quality_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT present_JJ work_NN1 constitutes_VVZ the_AT first_MD phylogenetic_JJ analysis_NN1 at_II species_NN level_NN1 of_IO the_AT genus_NN1 ,_, with_IW special_JJ attention_NN1 to_II the_AT South_NP1 American_JJ lineages_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
These_DD2 factors_NN2 result_VV0 in_II further_JJR inflammation_NN1 and_CC death_NN1 to_II nearby_JJ cardiomyocytes_NN2 ,_, driving_VVG even_RR more_DAR inflammation_NN1 and_CC expanding_JJ scars_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT sub-array_JJ grid_NN1 contains_VVZ 23_MC ?_? 23_MC spots_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
In_II the_AT seminal_JJ work_NN1 ,_, Funk_NP1 and_CC coworkers_NN2 &lsqb;_( 78_MC &rsqb;_) &formula;ted_FO and_CC analyzed_VVD a_AT1 mathematical_JJ model_NN1 for_IF the_AT spread_NN1 of_IO awareness_NN1 in_II well-mixed_NN1 and_CC spatially_RR structured_JJ populations_NN2 to_TO understand_VVI how_RRQ the_AT awareness_NN1 of_IO disease_NN1 and_CC also_RR its_APPGE propagation_NN1 impact_NN1 the_AT spatial_JJ spread_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 disease_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Thus_RR ,_, liver_NN1 Cpeb4_FO mRNA_NN1 levels_NN2 appear_VV0 to_TO be_VBI regulated_VVN directly_RR by_II the_AT circadian_JJ clock_NN1 ,_, independently_RR of_IO feeding-related_JJ signals_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
It_PPH1 is_VBZ based_VVN on_II advances_NN2 in_II EEG_NP1 analysis_NN1 ,_, which_DDQ gave_VVD spatio-temporal_JJ amplitude_NN1 modulation_NN1 (_( AM_RA )_) patterns_NN2 of_IO unprecedented_JJ clarity_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Systemic_JJ resistance_NN1 to_TO leaf_VVI pathogens_NN2 induced_VVN by_II root_NN1 bacteria_NN2 is_VBZ well_RR known_VVN and_CC has_VHZ been_VBN dissected_VVN extensively_RR in_II Arabidopsis_NP1 (_( Cartieaux_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2003_MC ;_; Pieterse_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 1996_MC ;_; Timmusk_NP1 and_CC Wagner_NP1 ,_, 1999_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
First_MD ,_, when_CS chicks_NN2 were_VBDR 5days_FO old_JJ ,_, we_PPIS2 recorded_VVD chick-provisioning_JJ rates_NN2 of_IO the_AT pair_NN as_II the_AT total_JJ number_NN1 of_IO visits_NN2 to_II the_AT nest_NN1 during_II 1h_FO ._. 
</s>
<s>
Peng_NP1 Zhang4,7_FO ,_, Nicola_NP1 Buso1_FO ,_, Nuno_NP1 Bandeira6_FO ,_, Eric_NP1 W_ZZ1 Deutsch8_FO ,_, David_NP1 S_ZZ1 Campbell8_FO ,_, Ronald_NP1 C_ZZ1 Beavis9_FO ,_, Reza_NP1 M_ZZ1 Salek1_FO ,_, Then_RT ,_, the_AT average_NN1 (_( SD_NP1 )_) habitat_NN1 salinity_NN1 ,_, ULC50_FO and_CC &lsqb;_( ISO_NP1 &rsqb;_) population_NN1 were_VBDR calculated_VVN for_IF each_DD1 salinity_NN1 group_NN1 within_II the_AT six_MC species_NN ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT three_MC broad_JJ clusters_NN2 include_VV0 :_: one_PN1 with_IW entirely_RR western_JJ sites_NN2 in_II Louisiana_NP1 ,_, one_PN1 with_IW mostly_RR eastern_JJ sites_NN2 in_II Florida_NP1 ,_, and_CC another_DD1 with_IW a_AT1 mix_NN1 of_IO western_JJ and_CC eastern_JJ sites_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
GenAlEx_NN1 offers_VVZ the_AT calculation_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 series_NN of_IO Shannon_NP1 indices_NN2 ,_, including_II the_AT mutual_JJ information_NN1 index_NN1 SHUA_NN1 ,_, an_AT1 alternative_JJ estimator_NN1 of_IO population_NN1 structure_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Cigarette_NN1 smoke_NN1 is_VBZ a_AT1 major_JJ precipitant_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
In_II 2014_MC ,_, growth_NN1 rate_NN1 was_VBDZ little_RR affected_VVN by_II temperature_NN1 for_IF both_DB2 the_AT Lower_JJR Estuary_NN1 and_CC Northwest_ND1 Atlantic_NP1 populations_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT specialty_NN1 of_IO AIDS_NN1 is_VBZ composed_VVN of_IO two_MC worlds_NN2 :_: one_MC1 is_VBZ the_AT world_NN1 of_IO clinical_JJ and_CC laboratory_NN1 science_NN1 ,_, the_AT other_NN1 encompasses_VVZ sex_NN1 education_NN1 ,_, politics_NN1 ,_, sociology_NN1 ,_, law_NN1 ,_, advocacy_NN1 groups_NN2 ,_, and_CC NGOs_NP2 ._. 
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<s>
In_RR21 addition_RR22 ,_, normal_JJ organs_NN2 contain_VV0 not_XX only_RR epithelial_JJ and_CC mesenchymal_JJ cells_NN2 ,_, but_CCB also_RR vasculature_VV0 ,_, nerves_NN2 ,_, and_CC fascia_NN1 ,_, and_CC the_AT activity_NN1 of_IO all_DB of_IO these_DD2 components_NN2 needs_VVZ to_TO be_VBI coordinated_VVN appropriately_RR to_TO achieve_VVI organ_NN1 function_NN1 in_RR21 vivo_RR22 ._. 
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<s>
D._NP1 P._NP1 N._NP1 is_VBZ a_AT1 member_NN1 of_IO the_AT US_NP1 National_JJ Institutes_NN2 of_IO Scholars_NN2 Program_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Because_CS the_AT diameter_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 single_JJ hydration_NN1 layer_NN1 is_VBZ on_II the_AT order_NN1 of_IO the_AT diameter_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 water_NN1 molecule_NN1 ,_, 4_MC nm_FU contain_VV0 ≈_NULL 15_MC such_DA layers_NN2 an_AT1 exceedingly_RR small_JJ number_NN1 compared_VVN to_II many_DA2 in_JJ21 vitro_JJ22 experiments_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
At_II the_AT end_NN1 of_IO the_AT foraging_JJ period_NN1 ,_, starfish_NN were_VBDR removed_VVN and_CC the_AT number_NN1 of_IO surviving_JJ mussels_NN2 was_VBDZ recorded_VVN ._. 
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<s>
For_IF brushtail_NN1 possums_NN2 ,_, the_AT mass_NN1 of_IO male_JJ offspring_NN is_VBZ positively_RR correlated_VVN with_IW maternal_JJ condition_NN1 ,_, whereas_CS the_AT mass_NN1 of_IO female_JJ offspring_NN is_VBZ not_XX (_( Isaac_NP1 etal._NNU 2005_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
Conversely_RR ,_, DNMT3a_FO and_CC DNMT3b_FO ,_, although_CS also_RR capable_JJ of_IO methylating_VVG hemimethylated_JJ DNA_NN1 ,_, function_VV0 primarily_RR as_CSA de_NP1 novo_NN1 methyltransferases_VVZ to_TO establish_VVI DNA_NN1 methylation_NN1 during_II embryogenesis_NN1 (_( Okano_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 1999_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
For_IF our_APPGE candidate_NN1 migrants_NN2 ,_, we_PPIS2 identified_VVD individuals_NN2 in_II the_AT distribution_NN1 tails_NN2 beyond_II the_AT a0.01_FO or_CC a0.05_FO thresholds_NN2 depending_II21 on_II22 sample_NN1 sizes_NN2 (_( i._MC e._ZZ1 ,_, when_CS the_AT sample_NN1 is_VBZ 50_MC ,_, alpha_NN1 of_IO 0.01_MC is_VBZ less_RGR revealing_JJ )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Semi-structured_JJ face-to-face_JJ intensive_JJ interviews_NN2 were_VBDR then_RT held_VVN for_IF up_RG21 to_RG22 2_MC h_ZZ1 with_IW one_MC1 key_JJ actor_NN1 from_II each_DD1 of_IO 16_MC institutions_NN2 concerned_JJ with_IW agriculture_NN1 ,_, the_AT environment_NN1 and_CC farmland_NN1 avifauna_NN1 to_TO obtain_VVI as_RG wide-ranging_JJ views_NN2 as_CSA possible_JJ ._. 
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<s>
All_DB of_IO the_AT RNA_NN1 fragments_NN2 used_VVN in_II this_DD1 study_NN1 ,_, except_CS the_AT m7G-capped_NN1 U4_FO presnRNA_NN1 ,_, were_VBDR purchased_VVN from_II Integrated_JJ DNA_NN1 Technologies_NN2 ,_, Inc_JJ ._. 
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<s>
RNAs_NN2 were_VBDR dissolved_VVN and_CC dialyzed_VVN in_II buffer_NN1 containing_VVG 20_MC mM_NNU Tris-HCl_NP1 (_( pH_NN1 7.5_MC )_) and_CC 150_MC mM_NNU NaCl_NN1 in_II RNase-free_JJ water_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
These_DD2 approaches_NN2 all_DB require_VV0 major_JJ resources_NN2 and_CC may_VM involve_VVI large_JJ errors_NN2 (_( &lsqb;_( Holechek_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 1982_MC &rsqb;_) ,_, &lsqb;_( Coates_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 1987_MC &rsqb;_) and_CC &lsqb;_( Gordon_NP1 ,_, 1995_MC &rsqb;_) )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT aim_NN1 of_IO this_DD1 research_NN1 was_VBDZ to_TO characterize_VVI nematode_NN1 abundance_NN1 ,_, community_NN1 composition_NN1 ,_, structure_NN1 ,_, diversity_NN1 and_CC function_NN1 on_II Hawksbill_NP1 sea_NN1 turtle_NN1 carapaces_NN2 and_CC assess_VV0 the_AT influence_NN1 of_IO the_AT epibiotic_JJ macrofauna_NN1 richness_NN1 on_II these_DD2 biological_JJ parameters_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
In_II31 addition_II32 to_II33 activation_NN1 of_IO these_DD2 inflammasomes_NN2 ,_, mtDNA_NN1 released_VVN from_II mitochondria_NN1 may_VM also_RR activate_VVI the_AT AIM2_FO inflammasome_JJ ,_, as_CSA mtDNA_NN1 is_VBZ dsDNA_NN1 (_( 33_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
ICV_NP1 injection_NN1 of_IO L-leucine_NN1 activates_VVZ mTORC1_FO signaling_VVG and_CC decreases_VVZ food_NN1 intake_NN1 (_( 120_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
Two_MC observers_NN2 blind_VV0 to_II drug_NN1 treatment_NN1 scored_VVD the_AT behavior_NN1 of_IO the_AT animals_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Yet_RR ,_, these_DD2 processes_NN2 are_VBR very_RG poorly_RR understood_VVN and_CC represented_VVN at_II the_AT whole-plant_JJ scale_NN1 ,_, especially_RR under_RG environmentally_RR stressful_JJ conditions_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
There_EX is_VBZ in_II the_AT case_NN1 of_IO the_AT Reef_NN1 ,_, evidence_NN1 that_CST strategic_JJ action_NN1 forms_VVZ part_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 broader_JJR interaction_NN1 dynamic_NN1 between_II actors_NN2 where_CS one_MC1 form_NN1 of_IO action_NN1 may_VM supplant_VVI ,_, encourage_VVI or_CC open_VVI avenues_NN2 for_IF alternate_JJ types_NN2 of_IO action_NN1 –_- each_DD1 with_IW its_APPGE own_DA coordinative_JJ effect_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Cells_NN2 grown_VVN in_RR21 vitro_RR22 ,_, however_RR ,_, may_VM differ_VVI in_II their_APPGE assembly_NN1 from_II cells_NN2 growing_VVG in_RR21 situ_RR22 in_II the_AT heart_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
PC1-PC2_JJ channels_NN2 allow_VV0 Ca2+_FO entry_NN1 which_DDQ can_VM produce_VVI Ca2+_FO spikes_VVZ that_CST augment_VV0 and_CC reshape_VVI sensory_JJ responses_NN2 to_II polymodal_JJ stimuli_NN2 ,_, including_II Ca2+_FO exposure_NN1 ,_, voltage_NN1 repolarization_NN1 ,_, and_CC acid_NN1 withdrawal_NN1 (_( Hu_NP1 et_RA21 al_RA22 ._. 
</s>
<s>
2015_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Biophysical_JJ processes_NN2 ,_, which_DDQ include_VV0 CO2_FO transport_NN1 through_II the_AT leaf_NN1 and_CC stomata_NN1 ,_, and_CC biochemical_JJ processes_NN2 located_VVN in_II the_AT chloroplast_NN1 thylakoid_NN1 membranes_NN2 ,_, stroma_NN1 ,_, mitochondria_NN1 and_CC the_AT cytosol_NN1 of_IO the_AT cell_NN1 ,_, determine_VV0 the_AT net_JJ rate_NN1 of_IO CO2_FO assimilation_NN1 (_( A_ZZ1 )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Vehicle_NN1 traffic_NN1 ,_, a_AT1 by-product_NN1 of_IO large-scale_JJ patterns_NN2 of_IO settlement_NN1 across_II southern_JJ Canada_NP1 ,_, was_VBDZ negatively_RR associated_VVN with_IW inter-area_JJ movement_NN1 across_II the_AT entire_JJ continuum_NN1 of_IO settlement_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
LncRNAs_NN2 can_VM serve_VVI as_RG central_JJ platforms_NN2 upon_II which_DDQ relevant_JJ molecular_JJ components_NN2 are_VBR assembled_VVN ;_; in_II many_DA2 diverse_JJ biological_JJ signaling_JJ processes_NN2 ,_, this_DD1 characteristic_NN1 of_IO precise_JJ control_NN1 is_VBZ vital_JJ to_II the_AT precise_JJ control_NN1 of_IO the_AT specificity_NN1 and_CC dynamics_NN of_IO intermolecular_JJ interactions_NN2 and_CC signaling_VVG events_NN2 (_( Spitale_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2011_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
However_RR ,_, if_CS we_PPIS2 wish_VV0 to_TO enroll_VVI from_II the_AT wider_JJR lupus_NN1 population_NN1 ,_, the_AT outcome_NN1 measures_NN2 must_VM use_VVI instead_RR the_AT multisystem_NN1 disease_NN1 activity_NN1 scores_NN2 ,_, and_CC their_APPGE inevitable_JJ weakness_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
They_PPHS2 conclude_VV0 that_CST 90%–95%_FO of_IO the_AT introns_NN2 shared_VVN by_II the_AT major_JJ eukaryotic_JJ groups_NN2 reflect_VV0 long-term_JJ evolutionary_JJ retention_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
In_II other_JJ words_NN2 ,_, is_VBZ PLS_NN2 the_AT trigger_NN1 for_IF production_NN1 of_IO EVs_NN2 ,_, or_CC is_VBZ PLS_NN2 the_AT consequence_NN1 of_IO vesicular/lipid_JJ trafficking_NN1 ?_? 
</s>
<s>
Intriguingly_RR ,_, human_JJ homologs_NN2 of_IO genes_NN2 bound_VVN by_II UPF1_FO in_II mouse_NN1 were_VBDR similarly_RR regulated_VVN by_II UPF1_FO in_II human_JJ cells_NN2 (_( Fig._NN1 4B_FO ,_, H_ZZ1 ;_; Supplemental_JJ Fig_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
S4C_FO )_) ,_, indicating_VVG conserved_JJ UPF1-dependent_JJ repression_NN1 of_IO this_DD1 set_NN1 of_IO genes_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Rainfall_NN1 was_VBDZ negligible_JJ during_II DS-1_MC1 from_II the_AT 1_MC1 August_NPM1 2001_MC until_CS the_AT effective_JJ seasonal_JJ break_NN1 on_II the_AT 11_MC November_NPM1 2001_MC (_( Table_NN1 1_MC1 )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Additionally_RR ,_, AIC_NP1 has_VHZ not_XX been_VBN well_RR tested_VVN in_II31 relation_II32 to_II33 more_RGR complex_JJ model_NN1 &formula;tions_FO involving_VVG random_JJ effects_NN2 and_CC non-linear_JJ or_CC polynomial_NN1 terms_NN2 ,_, so_CS it_PPH1 is_VBZ still_RR an_AT1 open_JJ question_NN1 as_II21 to_II22 whether_CSW AIC_NP1 performs_VVZ well_RR when_CS comparing_VVG such_DA models_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
A_AT1 selected_JJ list_NN1 of_IO these_DD2 is_VBZ shown_VVN in_II Figure_NN1 6A_FO ._. 
</s>
<s>
KSHV_NP1 miRNA_NN1 targets_NN2 were_VBDR preferentially_RR involved_JJ in_II gene_NN1 expression_NN1 and_CC its_APPGE regulation_NN1 as_II31 well_II32 as_II33 the_AT spli-ceosome_JJ and_CC protein_NN1 import_NN1 into_II the_AT nucleus_NN1 (_( Figure_NN1 6B_FO ,_, Table_NN1 S8B_FO )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
We_PPIS2 focus_VV0 our_APPGE management_NN1 implications_NN2 on_II 3_MC related_JJ factors_NN2 :_: 1_MC1 )_) source-sink_JJ dynamics_NN ,_, 2_MC )_) demographic_JJ considerations_NN2 ,_, and_CC 3_MC )_) mortality_NN1 mitigation_NN1 techniques_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT involvement_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 helicase/_NN1 nuclease_NN1 in_II both_DB2 Type_NN1 I-E_REX primed_JJ and_CC naive_JJ acquisition_NN1 (_( Cas3_FO and_CC RecBCD_NP1 ,_, respectively_RR )_) ,_, as_RG well_RR as_CSA in_II Cas4-containing_JJ sub-types_NN2 ,_, hints_VVZ at_II a_AT1 conserved_JJ mechanism_NN1 for_IF protospacer_NN1 generation_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Yet_RR ,_, according_II21 to_II22 Levine_NP1 ,_, it_PPH1 is_VBZ this_DD1 diverse_JJ nature_NN1 of_IO our_APPGE existence_NN1 that_CST makes_VVZ us_PPIO2 open_VVI to_TO change_VVI ._. 
</s>
<s>
We_PPIS2 detected_VVD no_AT differences_NN2 in_II telemetry_NN1 error_NN1 among_II observers_NN2 during_II the_AT pre-_JJ (_( F6>_FO 191_MC =_FO 1.26_MC ,_, P_ZZ1 =_FO 0.272_MC )_) or_CC postconstruction_NN1 phase_NN1 (_( F6>_FO i87_FO =_FO 1.35_MC ,_, P_ZZ1 =_FO 0.235_MC )_) ;_; mean_JJ telemetry_NN1 error_NN1 for_IF the_AT 2_MC study_NN1 phases_NN2 was_VBDZ 253_MC m_NNO and_CC 268_MC m_NNO ,_, respectively_RR ._. 
</s>
<s>
Abnormal_JJ patterns_NN2 of_IO miRNA_NN1 expression_NN1 have_VH0 been_VBN found_VVN in_II many_DA2 disease_NN1 states_NN2 ,_, most_RGT notably_RR human_JJ cancer_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
We_PPIS2 then_RT ranked_VVD the_AT model_NN1 outputs_NN2 using_VVG Akaike_NP1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 Information_NN1 Criterion_NN1 (_( AIC_NP1 )_) ,_, or_CC other_JJ related_JJ statistics_NN ,_, based_VVN on_II the_AT model_NN1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 log-likelihood_JJ and_CC the_AT number_NN1 of_IO parameters_NN2 estimated_VVD ,_, for_IF each_DD1 candidate_NN1 model_NN1 (_( Burnham_NP1 and_CC Anderson_NP1 2002_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
After_CS extraction_NN1 ,_, all_DB nematodes_NN2 were_VBDR counted_VVN using_VVG a_AT1 stereomicroscope_NN1 Olympus_NN1 DP70_FO (_( 40x_FO magnification_NN1 )_) and_CC a_AT1 counting_NN1 dish_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Pronghorn_VV0 are_VBR unique_JJ among_II North_NP1 American_JJ artiodactyls_NN2 because_CS they_PPHS2 exhibit_VV0 advanced_JJ horn_NN1 development_NN1 at_II a_AT1 young_JJ age_NN1 ;_; peak_NN1 horn_NN1 size_NN1 can_VM occur_VVI as_RG early_RR as_CSA 2-3_MCMC years_NNT2 of_IO age_NN1 (_( Mitchell_NP1 and_CC Maher_NP1 2001_MC ,_, 2006_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
The_AT latter_DA is_VBZ trivial_JJ from_II an_AT1 ecological_JJ point_NN1 of_IO view_NN1 ,_, because_CS it_PPH1 does_VDZ not_XX necessarily_RR affect_VVI dynamic_JJ community_NN1 processes_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Additional_JJ sampling_NN1 will_VM be_VBI required_VVN to_TO determine_VVI whether_CSW the_AT pattern_NN1 of_IO utilization_NN1 of_IO these_DD2 two_MC GRK_NP1 classes_NN2 carries_VVZ a_AT1 phylogenetic_JJ signature_NN1 of_IO the_AT evolution_NN1 of_IO the_AT ciliary_JJ rhabdomeric_JJ cell-type_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT phylogenetic_JJ analyses_NN2 of_IO all_DB datasets_NN2 described_VVN above_RL were_VBDR carried_VVN out_RP under_II the_AT parsimony_NN1 criterion_NN1 (_( MP_NN1 )_) using_VVG TNT_NN1 1.0_MC (_( Goloboff_NP1 et_RA21 al_RA22 ._. 
</s>
<s>
2003_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
However_RR ,_, soon_RR after_II mutant_NN1 FUS/TLS_FU was_VBDZ found_VVN to_TO aggregate_VVI in_II ALS_NP2 and_CC FTLD_NP1 patients_NN2 ,_, inclusions_NN2 containing_VVG wild-type_JJ FUS/TLS_FU protein_NN1 were_VBDR reported_VVN in_II three_MC different_JJ forms_NN2 of_IO sporadic_JJ FTLD_NP1 ,_, namely_REX atypical_JJ FTLD-U_JJ (_( 83_MC )_) ,_, neuronal_JJ intermediate_JJ filament_NN1 inclusion_NN1 disease_NN1 (_( 120_MC )_) and_CC basophilic_JJ inclusion_NN1 body_NN1 disease_NN1 (_( 84_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
The_AT correct_JJ species_NN estimate_NN1 was_VBDZ selected_VVN ,_, as_CSA suggested_VVN by_II Puillandre_NP1 et_RA21 al_RA22 ._. 
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<s>
(_( 2012_MC )_) ,_, using_VVG the_AT gene_NN1 specific_JJ priors_NN2 for_IF maximum_JJ divergence_NN1 of_IO intraspecific_JJ diversity_NN1 ,_, corresponding_VVG to_II P_ZZ1 =_FO 0.001_MC ._. 
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<s>
They_PPHS2 found_VVD that_CST the_AT C57BL/6_FU strain_NN1 has_VHZ significantly_RR higher_JJR N-cadherin_JJ level_NN1 than_CSN the_AT 129/Sv_FU strain_NN1 ,_, from_II which_DDQ the_AT N-cadherinfl/-_FU mice_NN2 were_VBDR originally_RR derived_VVN (_( Kostetskii_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2005_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
Five_MC main_JJ systems_NN2 exist_VV0 where_RRQ it_PPH1 appears_VVZ that_CST spatiotemporal_JJ spread_NN1 of_IO Bd_NP1 has_VHZ been_VBN occurring_VVG :_: western_JJ Australia_NP1 ,_, the_AT Mesoamerican_JJ peninsula_NN1 ,_, the_AT northern_JJ cap_NN1 of_IO South_ND1 America_NP1 ,_, the_AT U._NP1 S._NP1 Sierra_NP1 Nevada_NP1 ,_, and_CC the_AT European_JJ Pyrenees_NP2 (_( M._NN1 C._NP1 Fisher_NP1 ,_, S._NP1 F._NP1 Walker_NP1 &;_NULL J._NP1 Bosch_NP1 ,_, unpublished_JJ data_NN )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Further_RRR ,_, how_RRQ one_PN1 defines_VVZ a_AT1 reduced_JJ candidate_NN1 set_NN1 of_IO models_NN2 is_VBZ also_RR a_AT1 complex_JJ matter_NN1 (_( see_VV0 Dochtermann_NP1 and_CC Jenkins_NP1 2010_MC ;_; Burnham_NP1 et_RA21 al_RA22 ._. 
</s>
<s>
2010_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Once_RR these_DD2 distinct_JJ populations_NN2 meet_VV0 ,_, reciprocal_JJ inductive_JJ signals_NN2 between_II these_DD2 two_MC populations_NN2 drive_VV0 continued_JJ organ_NN1 growth_NN1 throughout_II fetal_JJ development_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
However_RR ,_, knockdown_NN1 or_CC knockout_NN1 of_IO ATRX_NN1 is_VBZ insufficient_JJ to_TO switch_VVI telomerase-positive_JJ cell_NN1 lines_NN2 to_II telomere_NN1 maintenance_NN1 by_II the_AT ALT_NP1 pathway_NN1 or_CC to_TO directly_RR activate_VVI ALT_NP1 in_II mortal_JJ cell_NN1 strains7,45,49_FO ._. 
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<s>
They_PPHS2 evaluated_VVD the_AT exponent_NN1 at_II only_RR during_II top_JJ speed_NN1 locomotion_NN1 ,_, since_CS they_PPHS2 did_VDD not_XX find_VVI experimental_JJ data_NN for_IF the_AT scaling_NN1 of_IO Fground_NN1 in_II jumping_VVG nor_CC in_II accelerating_VVG ._. 
</s>
<s>
Broadly_RR speaking_VVG ,_, even_RR aggressive_JJ hematopoietic_JJ malignancies_NN2 ,_, such_II21 as_II22 AML_NP1 ,_, appear_VV0 to_TO harbor_VVI as_RG few_DA2 as_CSA ten_MC coding_JJ mutations_NN2 ;_; in_II contrast_NN1 ,_, the_AT cancer_NN1 genomes_NN2 of_IO solid_JJ malignancies_NN2 appear_VV0 to_TO be_VBI vastly_RR more_RGR complex_JJ ._. 
</s>
<s>
Conventionally_RR ,_, the_AT gold_NN1 standard_NN1 to_TO determine_VVI whether_CSW primed_VVN hPSCs_NNU have_VH0 successfully_RR converted_VVN to_II a_AT1 naive_JJ state_NN1 has_VHZ been_VBN to_II benchmark_NN1 against_II naive_JJ mESCs_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Legumes_NN2 played_VVD central_JJ roles_NN2 in_II the_AT development_NN1 of_IO agriculture_NN1 and_CC civilization_NN1 ,_, and_CC today_RT account_VV0 for_IF approximately_RR one-third_MF of_IO the_AT world_NN1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 primary_JJ crop_NN1 production_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
ABA_NP1 (_( 300_MC lM_NNU '_NULL –ABA_NN1 ;_; Sigma_NN1 ,_, http_NNU :_: //www.sigmaaldrich.com/_JJ )_) was_VBDZ sprayed_VVN directly_RR on_II roots_NN2 (_( n_ZZ1 =_FO 30_MC plants_NN2 ,_, three_MC replicates_VVZ )_) of_IO 12-_JJ day-old_JJ plants_NN2 that_CST were_VBDR challenged_VVN 6_MC days_NNT2 later_RRR with_IW C._NP1 gramini-cola-gGFP_NN2 as_CSA described_VVN above_RL ._. 
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<s>
The_AT critical_JJ focus_NN1 of_IO Bretzner_NP1 et_RA21 al_RA22 ._. 
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<s>
(_( 2011_MC )_) '_NULL s_ZZ1 discussion_NN1 is_VBZ not_XX the_AT use_NN1 of_IO human_JJ embryonic_JJ stem_NN1 cells_NN2 per_RR21 se_RR22 ,_, but_CCB the_AT enrollment_NN1 in_II a_AT1 phase-I_NN1 study_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 group_NN1 of_IO patients_NN2 deemed_VVN ,_, in_II their_APPGE eyes_NN2 ,_, as_CSA particularly_RR vulnerable_JJ ._. 
</s>
<s>
A_AT1 parallel_JJ control_NN1 consisted_VVN of_IO a_AT1 split-root_JJ system_NN1 where_CS cone_NN1 one_MC1 was_VBDZ mock-inoculated_JJ with_IW the_AT final_JJ distilled-water_JJ wash_NN1 from_II the_AT spore_NN1 purification_NN1 procedure_NN1 and_CC cone_NN1 two_MC was_VBDZ inoculated_VVN with_IW water_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT addition_NN1 of_IO oligonucleosomes_NN2 purified_VVD from_II NEM157_FO cells_NN2 led_VVN to_II a_AT1 significant_JJ inhibition_NN1 of_IO PRC2_FO enzymatic_JJ activity_NN1 compared_VVN with_IW SF188_FO oligonucleosomes_VVZ ._. 
</s>
<s>
We_PPIS2 would_VM expect_VVI fawn_JJ ratios_NN2 to_TO increase_VVI by_II 27%_NNU at_II the_AT maximum_JJ removal_NN1 rate_NN1 we_PPIS2 observed_VVD (_( 14.84/1,000_MF km2_FO )_) over_II that_DD1 of_IO no_AT mountain_NN1 lion_NN1 removal_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Therefore_RR ,_, the_AT differences_NN2 in_II development_NN1 of_IO the_AT established_JJ plaques_NN2 between_II the_AT two_MC groups_NN2 might_VM partially_RR resulte_NN1 from_II enhanced_JJ emigration_NN1 of_IO CD146-null_JJ macrophages_NN2 from_II the_AT regressive_JJ lesions_NN2 independent_JJ of_IO lowering_VVG plasma_NN1 cholesterol_NN1 levels_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Furthermore_RR ,_, while_CS GRA16339_FO copurified_VVD with_IW the_AT four_MC host_NN1 partners_NN2 mentioned_VVN above_RL ,_, in_II contrast_NN1 ,_, none_PN of_IO the_AT PP2A_FO subunits_NN2 were_VBDR detected_VVN in_II the_AT GRA16237_FO eluate_NN1 ,_, but_CCB HAUSP_NP1 was_VBDZ still_RR enriched_VVN at_II comparative_JJ level_NN1 that_CST for_CS GRA16505_FO ._. 
</s>
<s>
To_TO test_VVI whether_CSW the_AT decrease_NN1 in_II myofibroblasts_NN2 and_CC type_NN1 I_MC1 collagen_NN1 content_NN1 along_II21 with_II22 reduced_JJ ECM_NP1 stiffness_NN1 leads_VVZ to_II increased_JJ efficacy_NN1 of_IO gemcitabine_NN1 (_( GEM_NN1 )_) ,_, we_PPIS2 treated_VVD control_NN1 and_CC myofibroblast-depleted_JJ mice_NN2 with_IW GEM_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Successive_JJ increases_NN2 of_IO the_AT counterflow_NN1 rate_NN1 allowed_VVD the_AT sampling_NN1 of_IO fractions_NN2 1_MC1 (_( 25_MC ml/min_NNU )_) ,_, 2_MC (_( 30_MC ml/min_NNU )_) ,_, 3_MC (_( 35_MC ml/min_NNU )_) ,_, 4_MC (_( 40_MC ml/min_NNU )_) ,_, and_CC 5_MC (_( 50_MC ml/min_NNU )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Over_II moderate_JJ temperatures_NN2 ,_, various_JJ growth_NN1 parameters_NN2 depend_VV0 on_II the_AT product_NN1 of_IO temperature_NN1 and_CC time_NNT1 (_( Tardieu_NP1 &;_NULL Granier_NP1 2000_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT procedure_NN1 within_II a_AT1 session_NNT1 was_VBDZ identical_JJ for_IF all_DB subjects_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT treatment_NN1 of_IO cultured_JJ fibroblasts_NN2 is_VBZ a_AT1 useful_JJ historical_JJ essay_NN1 ,_, recapitulating_VVG classical_JJ approaches_NN2 and_CC findings_NN2 to_TO present_VVI a_AT1 literature_NN1 that_CST is_VBZ central_JJ to_II the_AT field_NN1 but_CCB probably_RR is_VBZ not_XX taught_VVN in_II very_RG many_DA2 places_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
In_II &lsqb;_( 235_MC &rsqb;_) the_AT cell_NN1 sheet_NN1 is_VBZ represented_VVN as_II a_AT1 compressible_JJ inviscid_JJ fluid_NN1 ,_, and_CC therefore_RR individual_JJ cells_NN2 are_VBR not_XX distinguishable_JJ ._. 
</s>
<s>
A_AT1 dnaK_NN1 pseudogene_NN1 marks_VVZ the_AT proximal_JJ end_NN1 of_IO 5_MC of_IO the_AT 6_MC chromosomal_JJ repeats_NN2 ,_, with_IW a_AT1 full-length_JJ dnaK_NN1 residing_VVG on_II one_MC1 arm_NN1 of_IO chromosome_NN1 II_MC ._. 
</s>
<s>
In_II this_DD1 study_NN1 ,_, we_PPIS2 tested_VVD for_IF the_AT first_MD time_NNT1 whether_CSW the_AT "_" Fatal_JJ Feline_JJ Attraction_NN1 "_" ofT_RR ._. 
</s>
<s>
gondii-infected_JJ rats_NN2 differed_VVN according_II21 to_II22 the_AT type_NN1 of_IO feline_JJ odor_NN1 used_VVD ,_, specifically_RR whether_CSW it_PPH1 came_VVD from_II domestic_JJ cats_NN2 (_( Felis_NP1 silvestris_NN1 catus_NN1 )_) or_CC wild_JJ cats_NN2 --_JJ cheetahs_NN2 (_( Acinonyx_NP1 jubatus_NN1 )_) or_CC pumas_NN2 (_( Felis_NP1 concolor_NN1 )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
One_MC1 reason_NN1 was_VBDZ the_AT general_JJ lack_NN1 of_IO understanding_NN1 of_IO the_AT molecular_JJ basis_NN1 of_IO adaptation_NN1 and_CC hence_RR of_IO the_AT relevant_JJ '_NULL genetic_JJ units_NN2 '_NULL of_IO the_AT genotypic_JJ space_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
These_DD2 factors_NN2 are_VBR required_VVN for_IF effective_JJ miRNA_NN1 silencing_VVG in_II animals_NN2 ,_, where_CS they_PPHS2 serve_VV0 as_RG key_JJ mediators_NN2 between_II Agos_NP1 and_CC downstream_JJ RNA_NN1 turnover_NN1 and_CC translational-repression_JJ factors_NN2 (_( Box_NN1 2_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Systematic_JJ analysis_NN1 of_IO all_DB DC-causing_JJ CTC1_FO mutations_NN2 has_VHZ revealed_VVN a_AT1 broad_JJ spectrum_NN1 of_IO molecular_JJ defects_NN2 that_CST negatively_RR affect_VV0 CST-complex_JJ formation_NN1 (_( p_ZZ1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Leu1142His_FO and_CC p.11961202del_FO )_) ,_, abolish_VV0 interaction_NN1 with_IW DNA_NN1 polymerase_NN1 primase_NN1 (_( p_ZZ1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Ala227Val_FO ,_, p_ZZ1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Val259Met_FO ,_, p_ZZ1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Val665Gly_FO and_CC p_ZZ1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Leu1196Arg1202del_FO )_) or_CC reduce_VV0 binding_JJ of_IO telomeric_JJ single-stranded_JJ DNA_NN1 (_( p_ZZ1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Val665Gly_FO ,_, p_ZZ1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Cys985del_FO and_CC p_ZZ1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Arg987Trp_FO )_) 115_MC ._. 
</s>
<s>
As_II an_AT1 accomplished_JJ cellular-molecular_JJ neuroendocrinologist_NN1 as_II31 well_II32 as_II33 a_AT1 field_NN1 primatologist_NN1 ,_, he_PPHS1 is_VBZ uniquely_RR qualified_VVN to_TO do_VDI this_DD1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Also_RR ,_, v3_FO integrin_NN1 ,_, the_AT expression_NN1 of_IO which_DDQ is_VBZ increased_VVN with_IW EMT_NP1 ,_, contributes_VVZ to_II pro-invasive_JJ functions_NN2 at_II the_AT leading_JJ edge_NN1 of_IO cancer_NN1 cells42_FO ._. 
</s>
<s>
Last_MD but_CCB not_XX least_RRT ,_, our_APPGE approach_NN1 indicates_VVZ that_CST Bolivia_NP1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 lowlands_NN2 deserve_VV0 far_RG more_DAR research_NN1 and_CC conservation_JJ effort_NN1 than_CSN previously_RR to_TO fulfil_VVI its_APPGE unique_JJ position_NN1 as_CSA climatic_JJ and_CC biogeographic_JJ transition_NN1 zone_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
When_CS the_AT capacity_NN1 of_IO clathrin-mediated_JJ endocytosis_NN1 is_VBZ exceeded_VVN ,_, clathrin-independent_JJ pathways_NN2 take_VV0 over_RP and_CC route_NN1 most_DAT of_IO the_AT receptor_NN1 population_NN1 for_IF degradation_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
All_DB of_IO the_AT data_NN generated_VVN from_II stationary_JJ video_NN1 surveys_NN2 conducted_VVN in_II the_AT Gulf_NN1 of_IO Mexico_NP1 have_VH0 historically_RR derived_VVN counts_NN2 from_II single_JJ cameras_NN2 with_IW 70_MC FOV_NP1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Several_DA2 lncRNAs_NN2 --_NN1 such_II21 as_II22 ANRIL_NP1 &lsqb;_( 52_MC &rsqb;_) ,_, HOTAIR_NP1 &lsqb;_( 53_MC &rsqb;_) ,_, and_CC GAS5_FO &lsqb;_( 54,55_MC &rsqb;_) --_JJ influence_NN1 cancer-related_NN1 phenotypes_NN2 such_II21 as_II22 cell_NN1 proliferation_NN1 ,_, apoptosis_NN1 ,_, and_CC metastasis_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
A_AT1 smaller_JJR proportion_NN1 has_VHZ deletions_NN2 that_CST include_VV0 NPM1_FO ._. 
</s>
<s>
Although_CS it_PPH1 has_VHZ recently_RR been_VBN shown_VVN that_DD1 AvrPto_NN1 associated_VVN with_IW FLS2_FO in_II plant_NN1 cells_NN2 (_( Xiang_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2008_MC )_) ,_, the_AT interaction_NN1 of_IO AvrPto_NP1 and_CC FLS2_FO was_VBDZ not_XX detected_VVN in_II the_AT yeast_NN1 split-ubiquitin_NN1 assay_NN1 ,_, and_CC the_AT AvrPto-BAK1_JJ interac-tion_NN1 does_VDZ not_XX require_VVI FLS2_FO or_CC other_JJ PRRs_NP1 (_( Figure_NN1 1D_NNU )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Each_DD1 electron_NN1 transport_NN1 complex_NN1 is_VBZ a_AT1 multi-subunit_JJ protein_NN1 with_IW electron-carrying_JJ cofactors_NN2 including_II flavins_NN2 ,_, iron-sulphur_JJ clusters_NN2 ,_, haems_NN2 and_CC copper_NN1 ions_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Functional_JJ enrichments_NN2 among_II the_AT genes_NN2 associated_VVN with_IW eSNPs/_FU local-adaptation_JJ SNPs_NP2 can_VM provide_VVI insight_NN1 into_II the_AT types_NN2 of_IO genes_NN2 affected_VVN by_II recent_JJ gene_NN1 expression_NN1 adaptations_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
As_CSA Nek2_FO reduction_NN1 was_VBDZ fully_RR effective_JJ at_II suppressing_VVG APC/C_FU knockdown-induced_JJ defects_NN2 ,_, we_PPIS2 conclude_VV0 that_CST Nek2_FO links_VVZ the_AT APC/C_FU to_II PCP_NP1 requirements_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
What_DDQ is_VBZ ,_, in_II concept_NN1 ,_, a_AT1 great_JJ figure_NN1 (_( A18_FO )_) explaining_VVG the_AT relationship_NN1 between_II different_JJ spectra_NN2 and_CC kinetic_JJ traces_NN2 contains_VVZ a_AT1 nest_NN1 of_IO mistakes_NN2 in_II the_AT legend_NN1 and_CC in_II the_AT text_NN1 ,_, and_CC yet_RR another_DD1 undefined_JJ variable_NN1 ,_, DOD_NP1 (_( change_VV0 in_II '_NULL optical_JJ density_NN1 '_NULL ,_, a_AT1 synonym_NN1 for_IF DA_NN1 )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Similarly_RR ,_, eqn_NN1 6b_FO simplifies_VVZ to_II rPy_NN1 ;_; Pz_NP1 14_MC re0y_FO ;_; e0z_FO for_IF the_AT unlikely_JJ scenario_NN1 where_CS y_ZZ1 and_CC z_ZZ1 both_DB2 completely_RR lack_VV0 betweenindividual_JJ variance_NN1 (_( i._MC e_ZZ1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Vind0y_FO 14_MC 0_MC and_CC Vind0z_FO 14_MC 0_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Selection_NN1 may_VM favor_VVI earlier_JJR development_NN1 of_IO mechanisms_NN2 that_CST sense_VV0 critical_JJ environmental_JJ variables_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT relative_JJ increases_NN2 in_II gene_NN1 expression_NN1 of_IO -tubulin_NN1 and_CC GAP-43_MC of_IO the_AT chronically_RR axotomized_VVD facial_JJ motoneurons_NN2 in_II31 response_II32 to_II33 a_AT1 refreshment_NN1 axotomy_NN1 (_( Fig._NN1 2_MC )_) are_VBR comparable_JJ to_II the_AT 3–4_MCMC fold_NN1 increases_VVZ in_RP -_- and_CC β_NULL -tubulin_JJ expression_NN1 and_CC the_AT 10–20_MCMC fold_NN1 increase_NN1 in_II GAP-43_MC that_CST we_PPIS2 had_VHD previously_RR demonstrated_VVN in_II acutely_RR axotomized_VVD facial_JJ motoneurons_NN2 (_( Tetzlaff_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 1991_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Finally_RR ,_, we_PPIS2 ran_VVD our_APPGE models_NN2 against_II Hertwig_NP1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 experiments_NN2 ,_, in_II which_DDQ eggs_NN2 are_VBR deformed_JJ between_II glass_NN1 slides_VVZ either_RR along_RP or_CC perpendicular_NN1 to_II the_AT A-V_NN1 axis_NN1 ,_, by_II adding_VVG an_AT1 asymmetric_JJ confinement_NN1 in_II "_" The_AT Surface_NN1 Evolver_NN1 "_" (_( Figures_NN2 3F–3G_VV0 )_) (_( Hertwig_NP1 ,_, 1893_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Acupuncture_NN1 is_VBZ one_MC1 modality_NN1 used_VVN by_II women_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT highest_JJT resolution_NN1 obtained_VVN to_II date_NN1 is_VBZ 1_MC1 9_MC A_ZZ1 for_IF AQP0_FO (_( Gonen_NP1 et_RA21 al_RA22 ._. 
</s>
<s>
2004b_FO )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
These_DD2 data_NN contradict_VV0 Carskadon_NP1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 hypothesis_NN1 and_CC suggest_VV0 that_CST a_AT1 developmental_JJ change_NN1 in_II the_AT sensitivity_NN1 of_IO the_AT circadian_JJ mechanism_NN1 to_TO light_VVI is_VBZ not_XX likely_JJ to_TO be_VBI a_AT1 critical_JJ factor_NN1 underlying_VVG the_AT delay_NN1 in_II the_AT sleep-wake_JJ cycle_NN1 exhibited_VVN by_II human_JJ adolescents_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT ex_NN1 vivo_NN1 cultivation_NN1 process_NN1 is_VBZ very_RG artificial_JJ ,_, which_DDQ entails_VVZ a_AT1 risk_NN1 of_IO abnormal_JJ events_NN2 at_II the_AT genetic_JJ level_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Probably_RR the_AT most_RGT important_JJ outstanding_JJ problem_NN1 in_II cryoEM_NN1 is_VBZ to_TO understand_VVI and_CC cure_VVI this_DD1 information_NN1 loss_NN1 ,_, which_DDQ is_VBZ generally_RR thought_VVN to_TO be_VBI due_II21 to_II22 beam-induced_JJ specimen_NN1 movement_NN1 and_CC charging_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
As_CSA each_DD1 arbuscule_NN1 develops_VVZ ,_, the_AT plant_NN1 cell_NN1 envelops_VVZ it_PPH1 in_II a_AT1 novel_JJ membrane_NN1 ,_, and_CC the_AT resulting_JJ symbiotic_JJ interface_NN1 is_VBZ equipped_VVN with_IW unique_JJ transport_NN1 specificities_NN2 and_CC functions_NN2 centrally_RR in_II nutrient_NN1 exchange_NN1 (_( Bonfante-Fasolo_NP1 ,_, 1984_MC ;_; Smith_NP1 and_CC Smith_NP1 ,_, 1989_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Despite_II its_APPGE minimalization_NN1 ,_, the_AT apicoplast_NN1 continues_VVZ to_TO serve_VVI essential_JJ though_CS poorly_RR defined_VVN metabolic_JJ function(s)_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
This_DD1 suggests_VVZ that_CST MCB_NP1 of_IO OCT4_FO is_VBZ mediated_VVN mainly_RR by_II the_AT POU_NN1 S_ZZ1 domain_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
We_PPIS2 studied_VVD a_AT1 Swedish_JJ population_NN1 of?Calopteryx_NN1 splendens?in_NN1 summer_NNT1 2012_MC (_( mid-June?_NP1 "_" late_JJ July_NPM1 )_) and_CC two_MC sympatric_JJ Spanish_JJ populations_NN2 of?Calopteryx_VV0 ?v_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
One_MC1 of_IO the_AT most_RGT recent_JJ studies_NN2 in_II this_DD1 direction_NN1 is_VBZ the_AT one_PN1 carried_VVN out_RP during_II the_AT Synpex_NN1 project_NN1 &lsqb;_( 14_MC &rsqb;_) :_: pedestrian_NN1 streams_NN2 with_IW densities_NN2 varying_VVG between_II 1.2_MC and_CC 3_MC ped/m2_JJ walked_VVD along_RP a_AT1 30_MC m_NNO long_JJ and_CC 1.5_MC m_NNO wide_JJ path_NN1 and_CC their_APPGE walking_NN1 frequencies_NN2 were_VBDR measured_VVN with_IW pressure_NN1 sensors_NN2 located_VVN in_II the_AT right_JJ shoes_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
This_DD1 section_NN1 briefly_RR reviews_VVZ coastal_JJ wetland_NN1 issues_NN2 in_II Lake_NNL1 Erie_NP1 with_IW emphasis_NN1 on_II natural_JJ systems_NN2 and_CC wetland_NN1 restoration_NN1 ;_; constructed_JJ wetlands_NN2 are_VBR discussed_VVN in_II the_AT BMP_NP1 Section_NN1 3.2.1.2_MC ,_, and_CC by_II McElmurry_NP1 et_RA21 al_RA22 ._. 
</s>
<s>
(_( 2013_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
In_II the_AT absence_NN1 of_IO valvular_JJ heart_NN1 disease_NN1 ,_, the_AT ventricular_JJ chamber_NN1 pressure_NN1 is_VBZ equal_JJ to_II the_AT aortic_JJ pressure_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
In_II an_AT1 extensive_JJ study_NN1 in_II which_DDQ nutrient-starved_JJ A._NP1 thaliana_NN1 seedlings_NN2 were_VBDR supplied_VVN with_IW a_AT1 wide_JJ range_NN1 of_IO sugars_NN2 ,_, sugar_NN1 analogues_NN2 ,_, KNO3_FO ,_, NH4Cl_FO ,_, K2SO4_FO or_CC KH2PO4_FO ,_, Yadav_NP1 et_RA21 al_RA22 ._. 
</s>
<s>
(_( 2014_MC )_) found_VVD that_CST Tre6P_FO correlated_VVD most_RGT strongly_RR with_IW sucrose_NN1 ,_, and_CC concluded_VVD that_CST the_AT response_NN1 to_II other_JJ sugars_NN2 and_CC nutrients_NN2 may_VM be_VBI explained_VVN via_II the_AT effect_NN1 of_IO these_DD2 treatments_NN2 on_II sucrose_NN1 levels_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
On_II the_AT other_JJ hand_NN1 ,_, upon_II TcR_NP1 stimulation_NN1 ,_, the_AT lower_JJR expression_NN1 of_IO repressor_NN1 of_IO GATA_NP1 (_( ROG_NP1 )_) ,_, the_AT zinc_NN1 finger_NN1 transcriptional_JJ repressor_NN1 engaged_VVN in_II the_AT development_NN1 of_IO T_ZZ1 helper_NN1 populations_NN2 ,_, was_VBDZ observed_VVN (_( Miaw_NP1 et_RA21 al_RA22 ._. 
</s>
<s>
2000_MC ;_; Huh_UH et_RA21 al_RA22 ._. 
</s>
<s>
2007_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
As_CSA described_VVN above_RL ,_, the_AT pathological_JJ features_NN2 characteristic_NN1 of_IO pancreatitis_NN1 disappeared_VVD on_II withdrawal_NN1 of_IO caerulein_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
For_REX21 example_REX22 ,_, the_AT formation_NN1 of_IO DNA-RNA_JJ hybrid_JJ structures_NN2 has_VHZ been_VBN proposed_VVN to_TO explain_VVI the_AT unmethylated_JJ status_NN1 of_IO most_DAT human_JJ CpG_NP1 islands_NN2 (_( CGIs_NP2 )_) present_NN1 in_II promoter_NN1 regions31_FO ._. 
</s>
<s>
However_RR ,_, when_CS this_DD1 text_NN1 was_VBDZ written_VVN in_II 2013_MC modern_JJ genomic_JJ techniques_NN2 and_CC highthroughput_VV0 methods_NN2 were_VBDR readily_RR available_JJ ,_, yet_RR allozymes_NN2 and_CC microsatellites_NN2 are_VBR the_AT two_MC most_RGT recent_JJ methods_NN2 emphasized_VVN in_II the_AT chapter_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Five_MC different_JJ approaches_NN2 were_VBDR used_JJ to_II measure_NN1 MCs_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Even_RR the_AT celebrated_JJ geneticist_NN1 Herman_NP1 Muller_NP1 wrote_VVD in_II an_AT1 article_NN1 that_CST he_PPHS1 was_VBDZ personally_RR convinced_JJ that_CST Mirsky_NP1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 suggestion_NN1 that_CST undetected_JJ "_" genetic_JJ proteins_NN2 floating_VVG free_JJ in_II the_AT medium_NN1 caused_VVD Avery_NP1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 results_NN2 ._. "_" 
</s>
<s>
AMD_NP1 can_VM be_VBI considered_VVN a_AT1 multifactorial_JJ disease_NN1 of_IO the_AT photoreceptor_NN1 support_NN1 system_NN1 ,_, which_DDQ includes_VVZ the_AT retinal_JJ pigment_NN1 epithelium_NN1 (_( RPE_NP1 )_) ,_, Bruch_NP1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 membrane_NN1 (_( BrM_NP1 )_) ,_, and_CC the_AT choroidal_JJ vasculature_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
We_PPIS2 also_RR measured_VVD the_AT 3_MC habitat_NN1 variables_NN2 we_PPIS2 used_VVD previously_RR (_( forest_NN1 cohesion_NN1 ,_, forest_NN1 diversity_NN1 ,_, agriculture-forest_JJ edge_NN1 density_NN1 )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Functional_JJ perturbation_NN1 (_( mutations_NN2 or_CC decreased_JJ expression_NN1 )_) of_IO a_AT1 cargo-specific_JJ adaptor_NN1 protein_NN1 is_VBZ sufficient_JJ to_TO specifically_RR decrease_VVI the_AT cellular_JJ uptake_NN1 of_IO its_APPGE cognate_JJ receptor_NN1 without_IW affecting_VVG the_AT formation_NN1 of_IO clathrin-coated_JJ vesicles_NN2 and_CC the_AT internalization_NN1 of_IO other_JJ cargoes_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Similar_JJ methodologies_NN2 have_VH0 associated_VVN genetic_JJ risk_NN1 variants_NN2 from_II various_JJ diseases_NN2 with_IW specific_JJ chromatin_NN1 states_NN2 defined_VVN by_II WGEM_NP1 &lsqb;_( 31_MC &rsqb;_) and_CC regions_NN2 of_IO open_JJ chromatin_NN1 &lsqb;_( 8,20_MC &rsqb;_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
This_DD1 points_VVZ to_II the_AT possibility_NN1 that_CST ,_, despite_II the_AT possibly_RR noncanonical_JJ nature_NN1 of_IO the_AT plasmodium_NN1 TCA_NN1 cycle_NN1 ,_, intracellular_JJ a-ketoglutarate_JJ levels_NN2 are_VBR strongly_RR impacted_VVN by_II the_AT activity_NN1 of_IO canonical_JJ TCA_NN1 cycle_NN1 enzymes_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT UCSC_NP1 Genome_NP1 Browser_NP1 data_NN display_NN1 uses_VVZ the_AT Common_JJ Gateway_NN1 Interface_NN1 (_( CGI_NP1 )_) to_TO provide_VVI interactive_JJ content_NN1 to_II Browser_NP1 users_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
They_PPHS2 also_RR revealed_VVD a_AT1 high_JJ level_NN1 of_IO individual_JJ variability_NN1 in_II turtle_NN1 size_NN1 at_II settlement_NN1 on_II neritic_JJ habitats_NN2 in_II the_AT region_NN1 and_CC a_AT1 high_JJ fidelity_NN1 to_II feeding_VVG grounds_NN2 after_II settlement_NN1 ,_, although_CS at_RR21 least_RR22 some_DD individuals_NN2 overwintered_VVD in_II southern_JJ Brazil_NP1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Stem_VV0 cells_NN2 are_VBR currently_RR being_VBG investigated_VVN as_II a_AT1 potential_JJ therapeutic_JJ tool_NN1 for_IF several_DA2 disorders_NN2 in_II small_JJ and_CC large_JJ animals_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
There_EX was_VBDZ no_AT significant_JJ trend_NN1 in_II either_RR 18O-gm_JJ or_CC gcm_NNU with_IW either_RR growth_NN1 irradiance_NN1 or_CC short-term_JJ variation_NN1 in_II irradiance_NN1 when_CS individual_JJ plants_NN2 were_VBDR treated_VVN independently_RR in_II a_AT1 regression_NN1 analysis_NN1 (_( data_NN not_XX shown_VVN )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
P._NP1 falciparum_NN1 cultures_NN2 were_VBDR maintained_VVN and_CC synchronized_VVN by_II standard_JJ methods_NN2 ,_, with_IW slight_JJ modifications_NN2 outlined_VVN in_II the_AT Supplemental_JJ Data_NN ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT book_NN1 mentions_VVZ absorption_NN1 of_IO water_NN1 across_II the_AT ventral_JJ skin_NN1 patch_NN1 in_II toads_NN2 in_II two_MC separate_JJ chapters_NN2 ,_, but_CCB omits_VVZ the_AT existence_NN1 of_IO this_DD1 same_DA mechanism_NN1 in_II terrestrial_JJ slugs_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
They_PPHS2 proposed_VVD that_CST at_II the_AT time_NNT1 of_IO ejaculation_NN1 ,_, the_AT high_JJ seminal_JJ plasma_NN1 Zn2+_FO (_( $2_NNU mM_NNU )_) inhibits_VVZ sperm_NN HV1_FO (_( Lishko_NP1 and_CC Kirichok_VV0 2010_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
This_DD1 problem_NN1 is_VBZ one_PN1 that_CST is_VBZ difficult_JJ to_TO address_VVI and_CC to_II effectively_RR deal_VVI with_IW ,_, and_CC that_CST I_PPIS1 discuss_VV0 in_II this_DD1 paper_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT biotechnology_NN1 revolution_NN1 of_IO the_AT past_JJ 30_MC years_NNT2 has_VHZ had_VHN a_AT1 profound_JJ impact_NN1 on_II the_AT direction_NN1 of_IO pharmaceutical_JJ research_NN1 and_CC development_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
These_DD2 deal_VV0 with_IW the_AT cellular_JJ functions_NN2 of_IO chaperones_NN2 (_( M._NN1 R._NP1 Leroux_NP1 and_CC F._NP1 U._NP1 Hartl_NP1 )_) ,_, and_CC the_AT relationship_NN1 between_II protein_NN1 folding_NN1 and_CC disease_NN1 (_( S._NP1 W._NP1 Raso_NP1 and_CC J._NP1 King_NP1 )_) ,_, two_MC fields_NN2 that_CST have_VH0 attracted_VVN enormous_JJ attention_NN1 recently_RR ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT idea_NN1 was_VBDZ that_DD1 patient-specific_JJ pluripotent_JJ ESCs_NN2 could_VM be_VBI obtained_VVN by_II NT_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 skin_NN1 cell_NN1 nucleus_NN1 into_II a_AT1 human_JJ egg_NN1 ,_, which_DDQ then_RT would_VM be_VBI differentiated_VVN to_II the_AT cell_NN1 type_NN1 that_CST was_VBDZ defective_JJ in_II the_AT patient_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
This_DD1 population_NN1 differentiation_NN1 of_IO diaspora_NN1 Jews_NN2 ,_, which_DDQ is_VBZ too_RG great_JJ to_TO have_VHI occurred_VVN through_II population_NN1 separation_NN1 followed_VVN by_II divergence_NN1 over_II time_NNT1 ,_, is_VBZ likely_RR a_AT1 result_NN1 of_IO admixture_NN1 of_IO Jewish_JJ people_NN with_IW genetically_RR distinctive_JJ host_NN1 populations_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Intheirmodel_VV0 ,_, HSCs_NP1 lacking_VVG c-myc_NN1 maintain_VV0 a_AT1 high_JJ level_NN1 of_IO N-cadherin_NN1 and_CC other_JJ adhesion_NN1 molecules_NN2 to_TO enhance_VVI stem_NN1 cell-niche_NN1 interaction_NN1 and_CC therefore_RR promote_VV0 HSC_NP1 expansion_NN1 ,_, whereas_CS HSCs_NP1 with_IW high_JJ c-myc_NN1 repress_VV0 the_AT adhesion_NN1 molecules_NN2 ,_, causing_VVG the_AT loss_NN1 of_IO stem_NN1 cell-niche_NN1 interaction_NN1 and_CC progressive_JJ exhaustion_NN1 of_IO stem_NN1 cell_NN1 pool_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
We_PPIS2 plotted_VVD the_AT nucleation_NN1 rate_NN1 against_II the_AT comet_NN1 velocity_NN1 and_CC fitted_VVN the_AT data_NN to_II a_AT1 line_NN1 ;_; the_AT fit_JJ shows_NN2 that_CST nucleation_NN1 ceases_VVZ at_II a_AT1 point_NN1 where_RRQ microtubule_NN1 growth_NN1 is_VBZ still_RR robust_JJ (_( x-intercept_VV0 D_ZZ1 5.1_MC ±_FO 4.0_MC ?mmin1_FO )_) ,_, analogous_JJ to_II our_APPGE in_JJ21 vitro_JJ22 data_NN ._. 
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<s>
At_II higher_JJR CO2_FO partial_JJ pressures_NN2 ,_, FPSII_NP1 saturates_VVZ as_II the_AT electron_NN1 transport_NN1 system_NN1 reaches_VVZ the_AT limit_NN1 of_IO capacity_NN1 ,_, J_ZZ1 ,_, and_CC remains_VVZ constant_JJ ._. 
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<s>
The_AT rootward_JJ boundary_NN1 (_( i._MC e._ZZ1 the_AT onset_NN1 of_IO rapid_JJ elongation_NN1 )_) moved_VVD towards_II the_AT tip_NN1 by_II about_RG 125_MC m_NNU for_IF each_DD1 5_MC C_NP1 increase_NN1 ;_; nevertheless_RR ,_, the_AT total_JJ elongation_NN1 zone_NN1 length_NN1 ,_, although_CS shortened_VVN at_II 30_MC C_NP1 ,_, was_VBDZ roughly_RR constant_JJ between_II 15_MC and_CC 25_MC C_NNU (_( Table_NN1 1_MC1 )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
All_DB fish_NN were_VBDR held_VVN at_II 16_MC C_NP1 ,_, and_CC a_AT1 salinity_NN1 of_IO 34_MC ppt_NNU for_IF three_MC months_NNT2 before_II the_AT start_NN1 of_IO experiments_NN2 to_TO minimize_VVI any_DD effects_NN2 from_II varying_VVG environmental_JJ history_NN1 between_II individuals_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT files_NN2 can_VM contain_VVI either_RR a_AT1 complete_JJ revised_JJ annotation_NN1 for_IF the_AT organism_NN1 ,_, or_CC they_PPHS2 can_VM contain_VVI just_RR the_AT information_NN1 that_CST has_VHZ changed_VVN ._. 
</s>
<s>
These_DD2 results_NN2 ,_, along_II21 with_II22 the_AT growing_JJ list_NN1 of_IO genetic_JJ lesions_NN2 in_II epigenetic_JJ regulators_NN2 ,_, highlight_VV0 the_AT fact_NN1 that_CST we_PPIS2 have_VH0 now_RT entered_VVN an_AT1 era_NN1 of_IO epigenetic_JJ cancer_NN1 therapies_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
As_II a_AT1 consequence_NN1 ,_, baited_VVD remote_JJ underwater_JJ video_NN1 studies_NN2 using_VVG a_AT1 downward_JJ facing_JJ field_NN1 of_IO view_NN1 are_VBR likely_JJ subject_II21 to_II22 more_RGR behavioural_JJ biases_NN2 than_CSN those_DD2 with_IW a_AT1 horizontal_JJ field_NN1 of_IO view_NN1 which_DDQ provide_VV0 a_AT1 larger_JJR sampling_NN1 unit_NN1 area_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Here_RL ,_, we_PPIS2 will_VM briefly_RR review_VVI the_AT prediction_NN1 models_NN2 for_IF three_MC PC_NN1 properties_NN2 ,_, namely_REX ,_, lipophilicity_NN1 ,_, solubility_NN1 ,_, and_CC ionization_NN1 constant_NN1 ,_, and_CC some_DD rule-based_JJ models_NN2 that_CST are_VBR closely_RR related_VVN to_II PC_NN1 properties_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
We_PPIS2 hypothesized_VVD that_CST insects_NN2 might_VM show_VVI a_AT1 positive_JJ response_NN1 to_TO host_VVI volatile_JJ compounds_NN2 when_CS encountered_VVN together_RL in_II a_AT1 blend_NN1 but_CCB avoid_VV0 the_AT same_DA volatiles_NN2 when_CS encountered_VVN individually_RR ._. 
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<s>
Like_II Neale_NP1 and_CC Sacks_NP1 (_( 2001a_FO )_) ,_, we_PPIS2 found_VVD no_AT evidence_NN1 that_CST bobcats_NN2 influenced_VVN the_AT spatial_JJ distribution_NN1 ,_, extinction_NN1 patterns_NN2 ,_, or_CC daily_JJ activity_NN1 patterns_NN2 of_IO gray_JJ foxes_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Two_MC molecular_JJ mechanisms_NN2 ,_, which_DDQ are_VBR not_XX mutually_RR exclusive_JJ ,_, have_VH0 been_VBN described_VVN that_CST can_VM regulate_VVI USP7_FO activity_NN1 :_: interaction_NN1 with_IW specific_JJ proteins_NN2 and_CC PTM_NP1 ._. 
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<s>
To_TO examine_VVI how_RRQ the_AT personalities_NN2 of_IO a_AT1 male_JJ '_NULL s_ZZ1 female_JJ mating_JJ partners_NN2 affected_VVN his_APPGE mating_JJ exclusivity_NN1 ,_, we_PPIS2 extracted_VVD two_MC measures_NN2 of_IO each_DD1 female_NN1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 behaviour_NN1 that_CST affect_VV0 her_APPGE relative_JJ exposure_NN1 to_II male_JJ harassment_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Chapter_NN1 4_MC includes_VVZ a_AT1 multi-page_JJ table_NN1 (_( Compilation_NN1 of_IO cloned_JJ microspore_NN1 and_CC pollen-expressed_JJ sequences_NN2 )_) with_IW information_NN1 that_CST is_VBZ now_RT more_RGR easily_RR obtained_VVN by_II a_AT1 database_NN1 search_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
It_PPH1 is_VBZ not_XX clear_JJ how_RRQ such_DA variations_NN2 in_II subunit_NN1 numbers_NN2 serve_VV0 the_AT bacterium_NN1 and_CC what_DDQ physiological_JJ advantage_NN1 they_PPHS2 provide_VV0 ._. 
</s>
<s>
For_IF adoptive_JJ transfer_NN1 of_IO BM_NP1 monocytes_NN2 ,_, single-cell_JJ BM_NP1 suspensions_NN2 from_II CD45.1+CD45.2+CCR2_FO reporter_NN1 mice_NN2 were_VBDR stained_VVN with_IW APC-linked_JJ anti-CD3_NN1 ,_, -CD11c_NP1 ,_, -CD19_NN1 ,_, -NK1.1_NP1 ,_, and_CC -Ter119_NN1 ,_, and_CC GFP+APC_FO cells_NN2 were_VBDR isolated_VVN by_II sorting_VVG on_II a_AT1 MoFlo_NN1 flow_NN1 cytometer_NN1 (_( Cytomation_NN1 )_) and_CC injected_VVN into_II recipient_NN1 mice_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Although_CS there_EX are_VBR small_JJ changes_NN2 in_II structure_NN1 between_II the_AT fully_RR oxidised_VVN and_CC fully_RR reduced_VVN structures_NN2 (_( Yoshikawa_NP1 et_RA21 al_RA22 ._. 
</s>
<s>
1998_MC )_) ,_, which_DDQ may_VM be_VBI part_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 proton_NN1 pump_NN1 gating_VVG mechanism_NN1 in_II bovine_JJ mitochondria_NN1 ,_, the_AT overall_JJ structure_NN1 is_VBZ remarkably_RR rigid_JJ ,_, acting_VVG as_II a_AT1 framework_NN1 for_IF electron_NN1 and_CC proton_NN1 transfers_VVZ that_CST are_VBR mainly_RR controlled_VVN by_II electrostatics_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT potentials_NN2 were_VBDR derived_VVN over_II short_JJ distances_NN2 only_RR to_TO make_VVI sure_JJ specific_JJ interactions_NN2 dominate_VV0 the_AT potential_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
An_AT1 early_JJ report_NN1 suggested_VVD that_CST ,_, under_II certain_JJ conditions_NN2 ,_, ATF6_FO may_VM be_VBI activated_VVN first_MD ,_, before_CS IRE1and_FO PERK_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Similarly_RR ,_, other_JJ studies_NN2 on_II blue_JJ tits_NN2 (_( Rberg_NP1 and_CC Stjernman_NP1 2003_MC )_) and_CC kestrels_NN2 (_( Falco_NP1 tinnunculus_NN1 ;_; Kim_NP1 et_RA21 al_RA22 ._. 
</s>
<s>
2013_MC )_) have_VH0 found_VVN evidence_NN1 of_IO stabilizing_VVG ,_, rather_II21 than_II22 directional_JJ ,_, selection_NN1 on_II immune_JJ response_NN1 ,_, implying_VVG that_CST there_EX is_VBZ some_DD intermediate_JJ ,_, optimal_JJ level_NN1 of_IO immunity_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Map_NN1 cues_NN2 are_VBR highly_RR multisensory_JJ and_CC change_VV0 during_II different_JJ stages_NN2 of_IO a_AT1 long-distance_JJ navigation_NN1 task_NN1 (_( see_VV0 Introduction_NN1 ,_, above_RL )_) ._. 
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<s>
As_CSA discussed_VVN above_RL ,_, head_NN1 mutants_NN2 without_IW additional_JJ features_NN2 were_VBDR difficult_JJ to_TO characterize_VVI further_RRR ._. 
</s>
<s>
All_DB of_IO these_DD2 benchmark_NN1 simulations_NN2 use_VV0 PME_NP1 long-range_JJ electrostatics_NN2 where_RRQ the_AT lattice_NN1 component_NN1 is_VBZ evaluated_VVN every_AT1 single_JJ step_NN1 ;_; our_APPGE tests_NN2 with_IW reaction_NN1 field_NN1 electrostatics_NN2 show_VV0 virtually_RR perfect_JJ linear_JJ scaling_NN1 for_IF any_DD number_NN1 of_IO cores_NN2 as_CS31 long_CS32 as_CS33 the_AT system_NN1 is_VBZ large_JJ enough_RR (_( 4250_MC atoms/core_FU )_) ._. 
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<s>
Japanese_NN1 and_CC Spanish_JJ translations_NN2 are_VBR planned_VVN ._. 
</s>
<s>
This_DD1 work_NN1 was_VBDZ supported_VVN by_II the_AT Army_NN1 Research_NN1 Office_NN1 Multidisciplinary_NN1 University_NN1 Research_NN1 Initiative_NN1 grant_NN1 W911NF-11-1-0332_NP1 ,_, the_AT National_JJ Science_NN1 Foundation_NN1 grant_NN1 DMS-1021850_MC ,_, the_AT Slovenian_JJ Research_NN1 Agency_NN1 grant_NN1 P5-0027_MC ,_, and_CC by_II the_AT Deanship_NN1 of_IO Scientific_JJ Research_NN1 (_( DSR_NP1 )_) ,_, King_NNB Abdulaziz_NP1 University_NN1 ,_, under_II grant_NN1 76-130-35-HiCi_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Rabbit_NN1 pups_NN2 may_VM refer_VVI to_II the_AT MP_NN1 and_CC to_II odour_NN1 cues_NN2 previously_RR learned_VVN in_II31 association_II32 with_II33 the_AT MP_NN1 (_( and_CC with_IW the_AT nursing_NN1 as_II a_AT1 whole_NN1 )_) to_TO locate_VVI and_CC grasp_VVI nipples_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
It_PPH1 was_VBDZ the_AT same_DA with_IW BSE_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
An_AT1 alpha_NN1 criterion_NN1 of_IO 0.05_MC was_VBDZ applied_VVN to_II all_DB statistical_JJ tests_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Both_DB2 similarity_NN1 levels_NN2 are_VBR estimated_VVN by_II comparing_VVG the_AT weighted_JJ term_NN1 vectors_NN2 of_IO each_DD1 data_NN set_VV0 using_VVG the_AT dot_NN1 (_( scalar_JJ )_) product_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
IPAF_NP1 ,_, another_DD1 CARD-containing_JJ NOD-LRR_JJ protein_NN1 ,_, recognizes_VVZ L._NP1 pneumophila_NN1 and_CC Salmonella_NP1 typhimurium_NN1 and_CC also_RR results_VVZ in_II caspase-1_MC1 activation_NN1 (_( Miao_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2006_MC ;_; Franchi_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2006_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
Finally_RR ,_, more_DAR than_CSN half_DB of_IO the_AT genes_NN2 with_IW promoters_NN2 that_CST are_VBR not_XX involved_JJ in_II even_RR a_AT1 moderate-confidence_JJ contact_NN1 beyond_II 50_MC kb_NNU range_NN1 showed_VVD no_AT detectable_JJ expression_NN1 (_( RPKM_NP1 <_FO 1_MC1 )_) ,_, consistent_JJ with_IW the_AT idea_NN1 that_CST these_DD2 genes_NN2 might_VM be_VBI isolated_VVN and_CC silenced_VVN by_II formation_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 chromatin_NN1 loop_NN1 regulated_VVN by_II insulator_NN1 elements_NN2 such_II21 as_II22 shown_VVN by_II Ferraiuolo_NP1 et_RA21 al_RA22 ._. 
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<s>
(_( 2010_MC )_) for_IF Hox_NN1 clusters_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Finally_RR ,_, an_AT1 important_JJ component_NN1 of_IO programming_NN1 is_VBZ to_TO solicit_VVI participant_NN1 feedback_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Together_RL ,_, these_DD2 data_NN suggest_VV0 that_CST the_AT marked_JJ attenuation_NN1 of_IO the_AT growth/survival_NN1 of_IO the_AT tsiV3_FO mutant_NN1 in_JJ21 vivo_JJ22 results_NN2 from_II its_APPGE susceptibility_NN1 to_II VgrG3-mediated_JJ attack_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
While_CS these_DD2 findings_NN2 are_VBR unlikely_JJ to_TO detract_VVI from_II the_AT critical_JJ role_NN1 of_IO iPSCs_NN2 in_II disease_NN1 modeling_NN1 ,_, caution_NN1 will_VM be_VBI needed_VVN in_II their_APPGE application_NN1 to_II cellular_JJ replacement_NN1 approaches_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT mean_JJ total_JJ extraction_NN1 yields_NN2 were_VBDR approximately_RR 85_MC ,_, 60_MC and_CC 50%_NNU for_IF 0_MC ,_, 10_MC ,_, and_CC 20_MC mg_NNU of_IO fresh_JJ plant_NN1 weight_NN1 ,_, respectively_RR ._. 
</s>
<s>
However_RR ,_, these_DD2 observations_NN2 raised_VVD questions_NN2 about_II the_AT true_JJ frequency_NN1 of_IO potentially_RR pathogenic_JJ mtDNA_NN1 mutations_NN2 in_II humans_NN2 ,_, how_RRQ these_DD2 mutations_NN2 occurred_VVD and_CC how_RRQ levels_NN2 of_IO heteroplasmy_NN1 might_VM increase_VVI from_II just_RR one_MC1 molecule_NN1 to_TO eventually_RR reach_VVI the_AT high-percentage_JJ levels_NN2 known_VVN to_TO cause_VVI diseases_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
First_MD ,_, hardwood_NN1 trees_NN2 may_VM have_VHI morphology_NN1 that_CST makes_VVZ climbing_VVG them_PPHO2 easier_RRR for_IF gray_JJ foxes_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
In_II each_DD1 of_IO these_DD2 cases_NN2 ,_, the_AT ligand_NN1 is_VBZ itself_PPX1 a_AT1 dimer_NN1 and_CC simply_RR crosslinks_VVZ the_AT ligand-binding_JJ fragments_NN2 of_IO two_MC receptor_NN1 molecules_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
For_REX21 example_REX22 ,_, bilingual_JJ 4-_NN1 and_CC 5-year-old_JJ children_NN2 demonstrated_VVD increased_JJ meta-linguistic_JJ awareness_NN1 ,_, as_CSA compared_VVN to_II their_APPGE monolingual_JJ peers_NN2 (_( &lsqb;_( Bialystok_NP1 ,_, 2001_MC &rsqb;_) ,_, &lsqb;_( Campbell_NP1 and_CC Sais_NP1 ,_, 1995_MC &rsqb;_) and_CC &lsqb;_( Cook_NP1 ,_, 1997_MC &rsqb;_) )_) ._. 
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<s>
The_AT input_NN1 to_II a_AT1 gene_NN1 prioritization_NN1 problem_NN1 consists_VVZ of_IO a_AT1 set_NN1 A_ZZ1 of_IO gene-disease_JJ associations_NN2 ;_; a_AT1 query_NN1 disease_NN1 q_ZZ1 ;_; and_CC a_AT1 protein-protein_JJ interaction_NN1 network_NN1 G_ZZ1 (_( V_ZZ1 ,_, E_ZZ1 ,_, w_ZZ1 )_) ,_, where_CS V_ZZ1 is_VBZ the_AT set_NN1 of_IO proteins_NN2 ,_, E_ZZ1 is_VBZ the_AT set_NN1 of_IO interactions_NN2 and_CC w_ZZ1 is_VBZ a_AT1 weight_NN1 function_NN1 denoting_VVG the_AT reliability_NN1 of_IO each_DD1 interaction_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Whether_CSW behaviour_NN1 in_II captivity_NN1 is_VBZ analogous_JJ to_II behaviour_NN1 in_II the_AT wild_JJ ,_, however_RR ,_, is_VBZ seldom_RR tested_VVN ._. 
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<s>
This_DD1 review_NN1 covers_VVZ the_AT seminal_JJ studies_NN2 that_CST have_VH0 revolutionized_VVN our_APPGE understanding_NN1 of_IO lung_NN1 development_NN1 ,_, including_II important_JJ early_JJ developmental_JJ processes_NN2 such_II21 as_II22 branching_JJ morphogenesis_NN1 ,_, the_AT role_NN1 of_IO the_AT many_DA2 cell_NN1 lineages_VVZ that_CST constitute_VV0 the_AT lung_NN1 ,_, and_CC the_AT molecular_JJ pathways_NN2 involved_JJ in_II the_AT proper_JJ differentiation_NN1 of_IO these_DD2 lineages_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
At_II each_DD1 stream_NN1 ,_, a_AT1 125_MC m_NNO reach_NN1 was_VBDZ delineated_VVN with_IW sampling_NN1 replicated_VVD every_AT1 25_MC m_NNO within_II the_AT sample_NN1 reach_VV0 to_TO capture_VVI heterogeneity_NN1 in_II resource_NN1 abundance_NN1 ,_, stream_NN1 insect_NN1 community_NN1 composition_NN1 and_CC isotope_VV0 signatures_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Prions_NN2 and_CC prion-like_JJ proteins_NN2 are_VBR an_AT1 interesting_JJ exception_NN1 to_II this_DD1 broadly_RR accepted_JJ norm_NN1 in_CS21 that_CS22 the_AT same_DA primary_JJ amino_NN1 acid_NN1 sequence_NN1 can_VM give_VVI rise_NN1 to_II at_RR21 least_RR22 two_MC distinct_JJ ,_, stable_JJ conformational_JJ states_NN2 (_( Prusiner_NP1 1998_MC ,_, 2013_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
Two_MC of_IO us_PPIO2 (_( PAS_FW &;_NULL MJW_NP1 )_) have_VH0 ,_, in_II the_AT past_NN1 ,_, argued_VVD that_CST NHST_NP1 is_VBZ adequate_JJ for_IF analysing_VVG the_AT outcomes_NN2 of_IO tightly_RR controlled_VVN experiments_NN2 (_( Stephens_NP1 et_RA21 al_RA22 ._. 
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<s>
2005_MC ;_; Whittingham_NP1 et_RA21 al_RA22 ._. 
</s>
<s>
2006_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Detailed_JJ genetic_JJ and_CC evolutionary_JJ studies_NN2 have_VH0 identified_VVN several_DA2 cases_NN2 where_RRQ cis-regulatory_JJ variations_NN2 have_VH0 been_VBN causally_RR linked_VVN to_II phenotypic_JJ variation_NN1 (_( reviewed_VVN in_II &lsqb;_( 2,3_MC &rsqb;_) )_) ._. 
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<s>
In_II summary_NN1 ,_, this_DD1 textbook_NN1 provides_VVZ an_AT1 excellent_JJ source_NN1 of_IO practical_JJ information_NN1 about_II most_DAT current_JJ research_NN1 investigations_NN2 in_II proteolysis_NN1 and_CC problems_NN2 linked_VVN to_II proteolysis_NN1 ,_, and_CC can_VM certainly_RR be_VBI recommended_VVN to_II the_AT researcher_NN1 just_RR entering_VVG this_DD1 field_NN1 ,_, to_II advanced_JJ graduate_NN1 students_NN2 and_CC also_RR to_II their_APPGE teachers_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
A_AT1 survival_NN1 analysis_NN1 suggested_VVD that_CST 20%_NNU of_IO patients_NN2 developed_JJ augmentation_NN1 after_II one_MC1 year_NNT1 of_IO treatment_NN1 and_CC 30%_NNU after_II 2_MC years_NNT2 ._. 
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<s>
See_VV0 Wilson_NP1 (_( 2008_MC )_) for_IF more_RGR detailed_JJ discussion_NN1 of_IO this_DD1 issue_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Thrombosis_NN1 was_VBDZ quantified_VVN as_II the_AT time_NNT1 to_II platelet_NN1 aggregation_NN1 on_II the_AT vessel_NN1 wall_NN1 and_CC the_AT time_NNT1 for_IF complete_JJ blood_NN1 flow_NN1 cessation_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
However_RR ,_, females_NN2 with_IW the_AT highest_JJT FGM_NP1 levels_NN2 were_VBDR more_RGR likely_JJ to_TO reproduce_VVI ._. 
</s>
<s>
These_DD2 data_NN originated_VVN from_II laser_NN1 microdissection_NN1 and_CC exudation_NN1 (_( Deeken_NP1 etal._NNU ,_, 2008_MC ;_; Batailler_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2012_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
Beginning_VVG in_II 2016_MC ,_, the_AT UK_NP1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 National_JJ Institute_NN1 for_IF Health_NN1 Research_NN1 ,_, a_AT1 major_JJ funder_NN1 of_IO clinical_JJ research_NN1 ,_, does_VDZ not_XX plan_VVI to_II shortlist_NN1 any_DD applications_NN2 from_II Biomedical_JJ Research_NN1 Centers_NN2 or_CC Units_NN2 for_IF funding_NN1 unless_CS the_AT academic_JJ partner_NN1 institution_NN1 has_VHZ achieved_VVN at_RR21 least_RR22 the_AT Silver_NP1 Award_NN1 (_( http_NNU :_: //www.nihr_FU ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT safest_JJT approach_NN1 to_TO address_VVI this_DD1 issue_NN1 is_VBZ to_TO delete_VVI incomplete_JJ records_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Furthermore_RR ,_, AtHMA3_FO is_VBZ mainly_RR expressed_VVN in_II the_AT hydathodes_NN2 ,_, guard_VV0 cells_NN2 and_CC vascular_JJ tissue_NN1 of_IO Arabidopsis_NP1 leaves_VVZ ,_, which_DDQ are_VBR located_VVN at_II the_AT end_NN1 of_IO the_AT transpiration_NN1 stream_NN1 (_( Morel_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2009_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
The_AT measures_NN2 Pk_NP1 and_CC S_ZZ1 can_VM be_VBI used_VVN to_TO quantify_VVI the_AT repeatability_NN1 of_IO any_DD replicate_VV0 experiment_NN1 in_II which_DDQ the_AT outcome_NN1 belongs_VVZ to_II a_AT1 discrete_JJ set_NN1 ,_, for_REX21 example_REX22 ,_, the_AT genotypic_JJ endpoint_NN1 of_IO evolution_NN1 ,_, but_CCB they_PPHS2 can_VM not_XX be_VBI applied_VVN to_II continuous_JJ phenotypes_NN2 such_II21 as_II22 fitness_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
For_IF the_AT temporal_JJ frequency_NN1 study_NN1 ,_, 44_MC (_( 22_MC unique_JJ )_) and_CC 90_MC (_( 59_MC unique_JJ )_) electrodes_NN2 had_VHD receptive_JJ fields_NN2 within_II 0.2_MC degrees_NN2 of_IO the_AT stimulus_NN1 center_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
We_PPIS2 demonstrate_VV0 that_DD1 3–4_MCMC Lgr5+ve_FO cells_NN2 are_VBR typically_RR present_JJ intermingled_JJ with_IW their_APPGE presumptive_JJ immediate_JJ progeny_NN1 at_II the_AT base_NN1 of_IO each_DD1 glandular_JJ unit_NN1 in_II the_AT adult_NN1 pyloric_JJ region_NN1 and_CC limited_JJ numbers_NN2 of_IO glandular_JJ units_NN2 adjacent_II21 to_II22 the_AT esophagus_NN1 (_( comparable_JJ to_II the_AT gastroesophageal_JJ junction_NN1 in_II humans_NN2 )_) and_CC squamous_JJ forestomach_NN1 boundaries_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Supplemental_JJ Information_NN1 includes_VVZ Supplemental_JJ Experimental_JJ Procedures_NN2 ,_, six_MC figures_NN2 ,_, and_CC three_MC tables_NN2 and_CC can_VM be_VBI found_VVN with_IW this_DD1 article_NN1 online_RR at_II http_NNU :_: //dx._FU doi.org/10.1016/j_FU ._. 
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<s>
Engineered_JJ tissues_NN2 could_VM replace_VVI long-term_JJ pharmaceutical_JJ treatment_NN1 for_IF chronic_JJ conditions_NN2 such_II21 as_II22 diabetes_NN1 and_CC heart_NN1 disease_NN1 ;_; would_VM donors_NN2 of_IO the_AT progenitor_NN1 cells_NN2 be_VBI informed_VVN of_IO results_NN2 in_II recipients_NN2 ,_, compromising_VVG their_APPGE privacy_NN1 ?_? 
</s>
<s>
Again_RT ,_, it_PPH1 is_VBZ not_XX the_AT purpose_NN1 of_IO this_DD1 paper_NN1 to_TO fully_RR review_VVI epigenetic_JJ mechanisms_NN2 ,_, as_CSA they_PPHS2 have_VH0 been_VBN reviewed_VVN numerous_JJ times_NNT2 ,_, and_CC several_DA2 papers_NN2 in_II this_DD1 symposium_NN1 focus_NN1 on_II new_JJ findings_NN2 both_RR in_II animals_NN2 and_CC plants_NN2 (_( Burggren_NP1 and_CC Randall_NP1 1978_MC ;_; Alvarado_NP1 et_RA21 al_RA22 ._. 
</s>
<s>
2014_MC ;_; Jones_NP1 and_CC Sung_VVN 2014_MC ;_; Mazio_NP1 and_CC Soliman_NP1 2014_MC ;_; Padilla_NP1 2014_MC ;_; Yi_NP1 et_RA21 al_RA22 ._. 
</s>
<s>
2014_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Lake_NNL1 Erie_NP1 water_NN1 levels_NN2 can_VM vary_VVI short_JJ term_NN1 (_( e.g._REX due_II21 to_II22 seiches_NN2 )_) ,_, seasonally_RR ,_, annually_RR and_CC over_II longer_JJR periods_NN2 withchanges_VVZ in_II net_JJ basin_NN1 supplies_NN2 (_( Quinn_NP1 ,_, 2002_MC )_) ._. 
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In_II the_AT 1960s_MC2 ,_, sport_NN1 hunting_NN1 of_IO the_AT MCP_NP1 was_VBDZ introduced_VVN ,_, in_RR21 part_RR22 ,_, to_TO alleviate_VVI crop_NN1 depredation_NN1 problems_NN2 ,_, particularly_RR in_II the_AT northern_JJ plains_NN2 (_( Lewis_NP1 1977_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
At_II one_MC1 level_NN1 ,_, a_AT1 simple_JJ pairwise_RR analysis_NN1 of_IO alterations_NN2 in_II human_JJ diseases_NN2 may_VM be_VBI useful_JJ for_IF providing_VVG lists_NN2 of_IO altered_JJ components_NN2 ,_, but_CCB to_TO uncover_VVI the_AT essential_JJ mechanistic_JJ relationships_NN2 between_II molecular_JJ changes_NN2 and_CC disease_NN1 ,_, more_RGR integrative_JJ modeling_NN1 methods_NN2 that_CST combine_VV0 multiple_JJ complex_JJ molecular_JJ traits_NN2 with_IW phenotypic_JJ outcomes_NN2 will_VM be_VBI required_VVN ._. 
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<s>
We_PPIS2 adopted_VVD a_AT1 1-way_JJ traffic_NN1 protocol_NN1 that_CST disallowed_VVD re-entry_NN1 into_II the_AT ancient_JJ DNA_NN1 (_( aDNA_NN1 )_) laboratory_NN1 on_II the_AT same_DA day_NNT1 that_CST we_PPIS2 worked_VVD in_II a_AT1 contemporary_JJ DNA_NN1 lab_NN1 ._. 
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The_AT examples_NN2 of_IO rice_NN1 domestication_NN1 genes_NN2 ,_, coupled_VVN with_IW the_AT studies_NN2 involving_VVG genome-wide_JJ variation_NN1 in_II both_DB2 O._NP1 rufipogon_NN1 and_CC O._NP1 sativa_NN1 ,_, can_VM not_XX be_VBI reconciled_VVN with_IW any_DD of_IO the_AT three_MC prevailing_JJ hypotheses_NN2 about_II rice_NN1 domestication_NN1 ._. 
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In_II the_AT tour_NN131 de_NN132 force_NN133 that_CST is_VBZ Darwin_NP1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 Unfinished_JJ Symphony_NN1 ,_, Laland_NP1 orchestrates_VVZ an_AT1 integration_NN1 of_IO scientific_JJ works_NN to_TO develop_VVI several_DA2 seemingly_RR independent_JJ theories_NN2 and_CC lines_NN2 of_IO evidence_NN1 ,_, revealing_VVG how_RGQ tightly_RR knit_VVN are_VBR the_AT processes_NN2 of_IO niche_NN1 construction_NN1 ,_, cognitive_JJ complexity_NN1 ,_, cultural_JJ complexity_NN1 ,_, social_JJ learning_NN1 and_CC teaching_NN1 ._. 
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Thus_RR ,_, although_CS increasing_JJ evidence_NN1 implicates_VVZ monocytes_NN2 in_II the_AT activation_NN1 and_CC differentiation_NN1 of_IO CD4_FO T_ZZ1 cell_NN1 responses_NN2 to_II viral_JJ (_( Aldridge_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2009_MC ;_; Nakano_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2009_MC )_) ,_, mycobacterial_JJ (_( Peters_VVZ et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2001_MC )_) ,_, parasitic_JJ (_( Leon_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2007_MC )_) ,_, and_CC fungal_JJ infections_NN2 (_( Traynor_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2000_MC )_) ,_, it_PPH1 remains_VVZ unclear_JJ whether_CSW monocytes_NN2 are_VBR essential_JJ for_IF these_DD2 processes_NN2 ._. 
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Isoform_VV0 specificity_NN1 of_IO HRas_NP2 gene_NN1 silencing_NN1 was_VBDZ validated_VVN by_II qRT-PCR_NP1 (_( Figure_NN1 S3B_FO )_) ._. 
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Puente_NN1 and_CC colleagues_NN2 (_( 2009b_FO )_) found_VVD seed-borne_JJ endophytic_JJ bacteria_NN2 mainly_RR in_II the_AT root_NN1 cortex_NN1 and_CC the_AT vascular_JJ system_NN1 of_IO cactus_NN1 ._. 
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CD39_FO is_VBZ a_AT1 major_JJ generator_NN1 of_IO adenosine_NN1 during_II ischemia-reperfusion_NN1 in_II the_AT kidney_NN1 ,_, liver_NN1 ,_, heart_NN1 ,_, lung_NN1 ,_, brain_NN1 ,_, and_CC bowel_NN1 ._. 
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Another_DD1 collaboration_NN1 with_IW the_AT 1000_MC Genomes_NP1 Project_NP1 ,_, led_VVN to_II IGV_NP1 support_NN1 for_IF visualizing_VVG genome_NN1 variation_NN1 data_NN in_II the_AT VCF_NP1 format_NN1 &lsqb;_( 10_MC &rsqb;_) in_II the_AT IGV_NN1 2.0_MC release_NN1 of_IO May_NPM1 2011_MC ._. 
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Fifteen_MC recorded_VVD or_CC presumed_VVD vertebrate_JJ consumers_NN2 of_IO palmetto_NN1 fruits_NN2 occur_VV0 on_II our_APPGE study_NN1 grids_NN2 include_VV0 the_AT gopher_NN1 tortoise_NN1 ,_, opossum_NN1 (_( Didelphis_NP1 virginiana_FW )_) ,_, nine-banded_JJ armadillo_NN1 (_( Dasypus_NP1 novemcinctus_NN1 )_) ,_, raccoon_NN1 (_( P._NP1 lotor_NN1 )_) ,_, black_JJ bear_NN1 ,_, white-tailed_JJ deer_NN ,_, feral_JJ hog_NN1 ,_, red_JJ fox_NN1 (_( Vulpes_NP2 vulpes_NN2 )_) ,_, gray_JJ fox_NN1 (_( Urocyon_NP1 cinereoargenteus_NN )_) ,_, gray_JJ squirrels_NN2 ,_, flying_VVG squirrels_NN2 ,_, Florida_NP1 mice_NN2 ,_, cotton_NN1 mice_NN2 ,_, oldfield_NN1 mice_NN2 ,_, golden_JJ mice_NN2 ,_, and_CC cotton_NN1 rats_NN2 (_( Sigmodon_NP1 hispidus_NN1 )_) (_( Abrahamson_NP1 and_CC Layne_NP1 2003_MC ;_; J._NP1 N._NP1 L._NP1 unpublished_JJ data_NN ;_; K._NP1 R._NP1 Lipps_NP1 and_CC J._NP1 N._NP1 Layne_NP1 unpublished_JJ data_NN )_) ._. 
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However_RR ,_, reaction_NN1 norm_NN1 shapes_NN2 are_VBR likely_JJ to_TO be_VBI genetically_RR constrained_VVN ._. 
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Inmost_JJ cases_NN2 ,_, these_DD2 messenger_NN1 metabolites_NN2 are_VBR sensed_VVN in_II an_AT1 autocrine_NN1 or_CC a_AT1 paracrine_JJ manner_NN1 by_II their_APPGE binding_JJ to_II specific_JJ G_ZZ1 protein-C_NP1 coupled_VVD receptors_NN2 (_( GPCRs_NP1 )_) expressed_VVD at_II the_AT plasma_NN1 membrane_NN1 of_IO the_AT target_NN1 cell_NN1 ._. 
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We_PPIS2 considered_VVD the_AT adjacent_JJ pairs_NN2 ,_, vertical_JJ pairs_NN2 ,_, and_CC left-right_JJ pairs_NN2 (_( Figure_NN1 1_MC1 ,_, ILA_NP1 )_) producing_VVG 28_MC pairings_NN2 of_IO electrodes_NN2 ._. 
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The_AT range_NN1 of_IO alterations_NN2 observed_VVN in_II mutant_NN1 and_CC SRDX_NP1 fusion_NN1 lines_NN2 suggests_VVZ that_CST the_AT TCP_NP1 genes_NN2 modulate_VV0 cell_NN1 proliferation_NN1 and_CC differentiation_NN1 in_II a_AT1 cell-and_CC tissue-dependent_JJ manner_NN1 ,_, possibly_RR by_II affecting_VVG the_AT duration_NN1 of_IO cell_NN1 proliferation_NN1 or_CC the_AT endo-reduplication_JJ phase_NN1 ._. 
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Surprisingly_RR ,_, equal_JJ numbers_NN2 of_IO smokers_NN2 agreed_VVN and_CC disagreed_VVN that_DD1 inability_NN1 to_TO stop_VVI smoking_NN1 was_VBDZ due_JJ to_TO lack_VVI of_IO willpower_NN1 or_CC motivation_NN1 ._. 
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The_AT docking_NN1 algorithm_NN1 must_VM identify_VVI the_AT small_JJ number_NN1 of_IO active_JJ compounds_NN2 in_II a_AT1 database_NN1 of_IO mostly_RR inactive_JJ compounds_NN2 ._. 
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Overall_RR ,_, it_PPH1 is_VBZ readable_JJ and_CC logical_JJ ,_, with_IW abundant_JJ background_NN1 ,_, history_NN1 and_CC illustrations_NN2 ,_, although_CS the_AT chapters_NN2 on_II integrins_NN2 and_CC signal_NN1 transduction_NN1 might_VM be_VBI slightly_RR rough_VV0 going_VVG for_IF those_DD2 with_IW little_DA1 prior_JJ knowledge_NN1 of_IO these_DD2 fields_NN2 and_CC their_APPGE elaborate_JJ terminologies_NN2 ._. 
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One_MC1 limiting_JJ factor_NN1 is_VBZ their_APPGE size_NN1 ,_, 3_MC nm_FU ,_, which_DDQ is_VBZ similar_JJ to_II the_AT sizes_NN2 of_IO many_DA2 proteins_NN2 ,_, which_DDQ can_VM limit_VVI their_APPGE mobility_NN1 and_CC make_VVI the_AT study_NN1 less_RGR effective_JJ ._. 
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Presumably_RR ,_, the_AT required_JJ conduction_NN1 properties_NN2 can_VM be_VBI achieved_VVN equally_RR ,_, if_CS not_XX more_RGR efficiently_RR by_II incorporating_VVG a_AT1 framework_NN1 that_CST enables_VVZ additional_JJ weak_JJ ion-protein_JJ interactions_NN2 away_II21 from_II22 the_AT narrow_JJ intracellular_JJ entrance_NN1 of_IO the_AT pore_NN1 ._. 
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Unrelated_JJ allogeneic_JJ CB_NN1 transplantation_NN1 is_VBZ possible_JJ because_II21 of_II22 the_AT existence_NN1 of_IO public_JJ CB_NN1 banks_VVZ that_DD1 store_NN1 HLA-defined_NN1 for_IF purchase_NN1 ._. 
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When_CS the_AT disease_NN1 is_VBZ local_JJ or_CC confined_VVN ,_, cure_VV0 rates_NN2 range_VV0 from_II 70%–90%_FO ;_; however_RR ,_, advanced_VVD CRC_NP1 has_VHZ a_AT1 high_JJ mortality_NN1 rate_NN1 ,_, consistently_RR ranking_VVG in_II the_AT top_NN1 three_MC causes_NN2 of_IO cancer-related_JJ death_NN1 around_II the_AT globe_NN1 ._. 
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The_AT model_NN1 proposed_VVN in_II &lsqb;_( 233_MC &rsqb;_) predicts_VVZ how_RRQ ischemic_JJ conditions_NN2 may_VM impair_VVI wound_NN1 closure_NN1 ._. 
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If_CS biological_JJ networks_NN2 are_VBR both_RR small_JJ world_NN1 and_CC scale_VV0 free_JJ ,_, these_DD2 networks_NN2 may_VM share_VVI some_DD basic_JJ properties_NN2 such_II21 as_II22 enhanced_JJ information_NN1 propagation_NN1 speed_NN1 owing_II21 to_II22 the_AT presence_NN1 of_IO shortcut_NN1 links_NN2 ,_, synchronization_NN1 ability_NN1 ,_, robustness_NN1 or_CC error_NN1 tolerance_NN1 (_( 4_MC )_) ,_, and_CC computational_JJ power_NN1 (_( 6_MC ,_, 55_MC ,_, 106_MC )_) ._. 
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On_II this_DD1 theme_NN1 ,_, Ruth_NP1 Grene_NP1 Alsher_NP1 later_RRR (_( Chapter_NN1 13_MC )_) discusses_VVZ future_JJ developments_NN2 in_II this_DD1 area_NN1 and_CC prospects_NN2 for_IF plant_NN1 improvement_NN1 with_II31 regard_II32 to_II33 enhanced_JJ stress_NN1 tolerance_NN1 ._. 
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A_AT1 large_JJ tree_NN1 is_VBZ expected_VVN to_TO incite_VVI greater_JJR arousal_NN1 which_DDQ physiologically_RR would_VM result_VVI in_II high-pitched_JJ vocalizations_NN2 (_( Frick_NP1 ,_, 1985andMorton_FO ,_, 1977_MC )_) ;_; our_APPGE results_NN2 do_VD0 not_XX support_VVI this_DD1 explanation_NN1 ,_, however_RR ,_, because_CS food_NN1 call_NN1 pitch_NN1 was_VBDZ lower_JJR for_IF largerNaucleatrees_NN2 ._. 
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Carousel_NP1 )_) demonstrated_VVD that_CST anti-herbivore_JJ defensive_JJ priming_NN1 could_VM be_VBI elicited_VVN by_II pre-imbibition_NN1 of_IO seeds_NN2 in_II 3.0mM_NNU JA_NP1 ,_, which_DDQ conferred_VVD significantly_RR enhanced_JJ resistance_NN1 against_II tobacco_NN1 hornworm_NN1 (_( Manduca_NP1 sexta_NN1 )_) ,_, green_JJ peach_NN1 aphids_NN2 (_( Myzus_NP1 persicae_NN2 )_) and_CC spider_NN1 mites_NN2 (_( Tetranychus_NP1 urticae_NN2 )_) in_II plants_NN2 assayed_VVD 8_MC weeks_NNT2 post-planting_NN1 (_( Worrall_NP1 et_RA21 al_RA22 ._. 
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2012_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
The_AT primary_JJ sequences_NN2 of_IO most_DAT b-barrels_NN2 show_VV0 non-polar_JJ amino_NN1 acids_NN2 at_II every_AT1 second_MD residue_NN1 ,_, facing_VVG the_AT hydrophobic_JJ lipid_JJ environment_NN1 ,_, while_CS the_AT interior_NN1 of_IO the_AT barrels_NN2 are_VBR generally_RR polar_JJ creating_VVG hydrophilic_JJ channels_NN2 ._. 
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The_AT difference_NN1 between_II observed_JJ and_CC expected_JJ levels_NN2 may_VM be_VBI due_II21 to_II22 nitrogen_NN1 sequestration_NN1 to_II the_AT gravel_NN1 bed_NN1 or_CC biological_JJ uptake_NN1 that_CST supported_VVD the_AT later_JJR algal_JJ bloom_NN1 Cak_NP1 et_RA21 al_RA22 ._. 
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(_( 2008_MC )_) identified_VVD that_DD1 water_NN1 column_NN1 NH4+_FO levels_NN2 due_II21 to_II22 the_AT addition_NN1 of_IO salmon_NN organic_JJ matter_NN1 decreased_VVD rapidly_RR from_II adherence_NN1 to_II clay_NN1 particles_NN2 ._. 
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Rockwell_VV0 et_RA21 al_RA22 ._. 
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(_( 1997_MC )_) used_JJ elasticity_NN1 analyses_VVZ to_TO determine_VVI the_AT relative_JJ impact_NN1 of_IO equal_JJ proportionate_JJ changes_NN2 in_II vital_JJ rates_NN2 on_II the_AT population_NN1 growth_NN1 rate_NN1 of_IO snow_NN1 geese_NN2 ._. 
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Moreover_RR ,_, many_DA2 of_IO the_AT secondary_JJ metabolites_NN2 in_II plants_NN2 are_VBR powerful_JJ chemical_JJ weapons_NN2 ._. 
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Reducing_VVG mRnA_NN1 translation_NN1 by_II genetic_JJ methods_NN2 extends_VVZ the_AT lifespan_NN1 of_IO yeast_NN1 ,_, worms_NN2 and_CC flies158–161_NN1 ._. 
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In_II the_AT third_MD level_NN1 the_AT scaling_NN1 holds_VVZ for_IF populations_NN2 or_CC assemblages_NN2 of_IO species_NN ._. 
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California_NP1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 share_NN1 of_IO publications_NN2 in_II the_AT two_MC comparison_NN1 groups_NN2 (_( RNAi-and_CC cancer-related_JJ research_NN1 )_) was_VBDZ quite_RG consistent_JJ ._. 
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Such_DA ideas_NN2 laid_VVD the_AT groundwork_NN1 for_IF the_AT great_JJ "_" Question_NN1 "_" and_CC framing_NN1 of_IO the_AT debate_NN1 around_RG two_MC schools_NN2 of_IO thought_NN1 ,_, "_" Preformationism_NN1 "_" versus_II "_" Epigenesis_NP1 ._. "_" 
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Heart_NN1 fibrosis_NN1 &lsqb;_( 20_MC &rsqb;_) can_VM occur_VVI in_II31 response_II32 to_II33 left_JJ ventricular_JJ pressure-overload_NN1 ,_, which_DDQ leads_VVZ to_II cardiac_JJ hypertrophy_NN1 and_CC necrosis_NN1 ._. 
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The_AT many_DA2 components_NN2 involved_JJ in_II heterochromatin_NN1 formation_NN1 in_II flies_NN2 relative_II21 to_II22 fission_NN1 yeast_NN1 probably_RR reflect_VV0 the_AT complexity_NN1 of_IO gene_NN1 regulation_NN1 required_VVN in_II a_AT1 multicellular_JJ organism_NN1 ._. 
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Unpublished_JJ data_NN from_II the_AT Broad_JJ Institute_NN1 Fungal_JJ Genome_NN1 Initiative_NN1 website_NN1 ._. 
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Each_DD1 was_VBDZ a_AT1 colored_JJ object_NN1 with_IW an_AT1 arrow_NN1 indicating_VVG motion_NN1 ._. 
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Cyanobacterial_JJ blooms_NN2 likely_RR exert_VV0 a_AT1 similar_JJ constraint_NN1 on_II zooplankton_NN1 consumers_NN2 by_II providing_VVG a_AT1 high_JJ quantity_NN1 of_IO food_NN1 but_CCB a_AT1 low_JJ availability_NN1 of_IO an_AT1 essential_JJ nutrient_NN1 (_( e.g._REX ,_, sterols_VVZ )_) ._. 
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Each_DD1 constructed_JJ data_NN set_NN1 was_VBDZ individually_RR processed_VVN with_IW AmpliconNoise_NN1 to_TO reduce_VVI the_AT number_NN1 of_IO 454_MC sequencing_NN1 and_CC PCR_NP1 artefacts_NN2 ,_, and_CC PCR_NP1 chimeras_NN2 (_( Quince_NN1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2011_MC )_) ._. 
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Indeed_RR ,_, existing_JJ studies_NN2 identify_VV0 distinct_JJ migrant_NN1 groupings_NN2 :_: including_II retirement_NN1 and_CC pre-retirement_JJ migration_NN1 (_( &lsqb;_( Cross_NP1 ,_, 1990_MC &rsqb;_) ,_, &lsqb;_( Salant_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 1997_MC &rsqb;_) and_CC &lsqb;_( Beyers_NP1 and_CC Nelson_NP1 ,_, 2000_MC &rsqb;_) )_) ;_; prime_JJ working_JJ and_CC child_NN1 rearing_JJ age_NN1 migration_NN1 (_( Champion_NN1 and_CC Shepherd_NP1 ,_, 2006_MC )_) ;_; green_JJ migration_NN1 (_( Jones_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2003_MC )_) ,_, expatriate_NN1 migration_NN1 (_( Stone_NN1 and_CC Stubbs_NP1 ,_, 2007_MC )_) ;_; as_II31 well_II32 as_II33 migration_NN1 involving_VVG members_NN2 of_IO ethnic_JJ minorities_NN2 (_( Levie_NP1 ,_, 2007_MC )_) ._. 
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The_AT origin_NN1 of_IO CDC5_FO appears_VVZ to_TO differ_VVI from_II that_DD1 of_IO typical_JJ R2R3_FO or_CC MYB3R_FO TFs_NN2 ,_, as_CSA does_VDZ its_APPGE conserved_JJ role_NN1 in_II pre-mRNA_JJ splicing_NN1 (_( Burns_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 1999_MC ;_; McDonald_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 1999_MC ;_; Lei_FW et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2000_MC )_) ._. 
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Finally_RR ,_, there_EX are_VBR two_MC forms_NN2 of_IO 5.8S_NNU rRNA_NN1 ,_, differing_VVG in_II length_NN1 by_II 7_MC or_CC 8_MC nt_NNU at_II the_AT 5_MC '_NULL end9,25_FO (_( Box_NN1 3_MC )_) ._. 
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Many_DA2 studies_NN2 employ_VV0 surrogate_NN1 in_JJ21 vitro_JJ22 assays_NN2 such_II21 as_II22 serial_JJ replating_NN1 of_IO tumorspheres_NN2 or_CC report_NN1 on_II serial_JJ passage_NN1 of_IO bulk_NN1 tumor_NN1 cells_NN2 ._. 
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Epigenetic_JJ mechanisms_NN2 are_VBR important_JJ for_IF adaptive_JJ changes_NN2 within_II the_AT lifetime_NNT1 of_IO an_AT1 organism_NN1 and_CC ,_, in_II some_DD cases_NN2 ,_, across_II generations_NN2 ._. 
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Hybrid_JJ rices_NN2 are_VBR now_RT grown_VVN to_II 50%_NNU of_IO the_AT rice_NN1 area_NN1 in_II China_NP1 and_CC have_VH0 contributed_VVN to_II increased_JJ food_NN1 security_NN1 ._. 
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UNC_NP1 51_MC like_II kinase_NN1 1_MC1 (_( ULK1_FO )_) and_CC ULK2_FO ,_, the_AT mammalian_JJ orthologues_NN2 of_IO the_AT yeast_NN1 Atg1_FO kinase_NN1 that_CST initiates_VVZ the_AT autophagy_JJ cascade_NN1 ,_, form_VV0 stable_JJ complexes_NN2 with_IW AMPK85_FO ,_, and_CC AMPK_VV0 phosphorylates_NN2 and_CC activates_VVZ ULK1_FO ,_, thus_RR triggering_VVG autophagy86,87_FO ._. 
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Our_APPGE analysis_NN1 confirmed_VVD that_DD1 mRNA_NN1 expression_NN1 of_IO several_DA2 TE-specific_JJ genes_NN2 ,_, including_II Cdx2_FO (_( GATA_NP1 target_NN1 )_) ,_, Eomes_NP1 (_( GATA_NP1 target_NN1 )_) ,_, and_CC Elf5_FO (_( GATA_NP1 target_NN1 )_) were_VBDR strongly_RR downregulated_VVN (_( Fig._NN1 2E_FO )_) in_II Gata-DKO_JJ preimplantation_NN1 embryos_NN2 ._. 
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This_DD1 was_VBDZ subsequently_RR confirmed_VVN when_CS it_PPH1 was_VBDZ found_VVN that_CST individual_JJ compounds_NN2 presented_VVN at_II the_AT same_DA concentration_NN1 as_CSA in_II the_AT natural_JJ sample_NN1 did_VDD not_XX elicit_VVI a_AT1 response_NN1 comparable_JJ to_II the_AT natural_JJ sample_NN1 (_( Webster_NP1 et_RA21 al_RA22 ._. 
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2008b_FO )_) ._. 
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Overall_RR ,_, however_RR ,_, effects_NN2 of_IO fires_NN2 set_VVN in_II spring_NN1 the_AT timing_NN1 preferred_VVN by_II managers_NN2 for_IF safety_NN1 concerns_NN2 were_VBDR similar_JJ to_II effects_NN2 of_IO fires_NN2 set_VVN in_II summer_NNT1 the_AT timing_NN1 of_IO most_DAT natural_JJ wildfires_NN2 ._. 
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The_AT convergence_NN1 of_IO high_JJ speed_NN1 computing_NN1 and_CC advanced_JJ digital_JJ optics_NN1 has_VHZ resulted_VVN in_II the_AT creation_NN1 of_IO full-spherical_JJ cameras_NN2 and_CC their_APPGE application_NN1 in_II marine_JJ environments_NN2 has_VHZ begun_VVN in_II earnest_JJ ._. 
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Larger_JJR predators_NN2 can_VM capture_VVI and_CC consume_VVI prey_NN1 too_RG large_JJ for_IF smaller_JJR predators_NN2 ._. 
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We_PPIS2 also_RR thank_VV0 the_AT VDRC_NP1 and_CC Bloomington_NP1 stock_NN1 centers_NN2 for_IF providing_VVG an_AT1 essential_JJ service_NN1 to_II the_AT fly_NN1 community_NN1 ._. 
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Most_DAT IVF_VV0 centers_NN2 recommend_VV0 that_CST prenatal_JJ diagnosis_NN1 (_( PND_NP1 )_) be_VBI used_VVN to_TO confirm_VVI the_AT status_NN1 of_IO the_AT fetus_NN1 during_II a_AT1 pregnancy_NN1 resulting_VVG from_II IVF_NP1 and_CC PGD_NP1 (_( 13_MC ,_, 24_MC )_) ._. 
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In_II mitochondria_NN1 ,_, NADPH_NP1 is_VBZ mainly_RR produced_VVN via_II (_( 1_MC1 )_) NADPC_NP1 -dependent_JJ isocitrate_JJ dehydrogenase_NN1 and_CC malic_JJ enzyme_NN1 and_CC (_( 2_MC )_) nicotinamide_VV0 nucleotide_NN1 transhydrogenase_NN1 (_( Nnt_NP1 )_) ._. 
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SG_NP1 ,_, HHF_NP1 ,_, LSS_NP1 ,_, GKW_NP1 ,_, GBF_NP1 ,_, JHH_NP1 ,_, PB_FO ,_, KAK_NP1 ,_, DJW_NP1 ,_, BOS_NN2 ,_, CSD_NP1 ,_, RTS_NP1 ,_, LB_NNU ,_, KS_NP2 ,_, JMDS_NP1 ,_, CRH_NP1 ,_, and_CC CMW_NP1 were_VBDR involved_JJ in_II the_AT data_NN analysis_NN1 ._. 
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Forces_NN2 working_VVG to_TO intensify_VVI fragmentation_NN1 are_VBR also_RR operating_VVG ._. 
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A_AT1 conserved_JJ feature_NN1 of_IO host_NN1 cell_NN1 invasion_NN1 by_II Apicomplexa_NP1 is_VBZ the_AT formation_NN1 of_IO an_AT1 intimate_JJ and_CC circumferential_JJ contact_NN1 area_NN1 between_II the_AT zoite_NN1 and_CC the_AT host_NN1 cell_NN1 that_CST initially_RR involves_VVZ the_AT apical_JJ tip_NN1 of_IO the_AT zoite_NN1 (_( Aikawa_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 1978_MC )_) ._. 
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Such_DA a_AT1 network_NN1 can_VM be_VBI visualized_VVN and_CC computationally_RR analyzed_VVD by_II a_AT1 variety_NN1 of_IO mathematical_JJ approaches_NN2 ._. 
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Compared_VVN to_II the_AT control_NN1 D2_FO neurons_NN2 ,_, the_AT binge_NN1 ethanol_NN1 exposed_JJ neurons_NN2 had_VHD induced_VVN neurite_NN1 outgrowth_NN1 ._. 
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Genetic_JJ experiments_NN2 further_RRR supported_VVD this_DD1 linear-pathway_JJ view_NN1 (_( Noselli_NP1 and_CC Perrimon_NP1 ,_, 2000_MC )_) ._. 
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Finally_RR ,_, properties_NN2 of_IO a_AT1 cline_NN1 --_NN1 such_II21 as_II22 the_AT width_NN1 ,_, slope_NN1 ,_, and_CC shape_NN1 --_NN1 can_VM also_RR inform_VVI inferences_NN2 about_II underlying_VVG demographic_JJ and_CC selective_JJ forces_NN2 &lsqb;_( 1–5_MCMC &rsqb;_) ._. 
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Many_DA2 of_IO the_AT box_NN1 plots_NN2 we_PPIS2 present_VV0 miss_VV0 parts_NN2 of_IO the_AT box_NN1 or_CC some_DD whiskers_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Several_DA2 PIFs_NN2 and_CC PILs_NN2 have_VH0 been_VBN identified_VVN ,_, which_DDQ repress_VV0 aspects_NN2 of_IO early_JJ plant_NN1 development_NN1 such_II21 as_II22 seed_NN1 germination_NN1 (_( PIL5_FO )_) ,_, flowering_JJ time_NNT1 and_CC hypocotyl_NN1 growth_NN1 (_( PIF3_FO and_CC PIF5_FO )_) ,_, hypocotyl_NN1 elongation_NN1 in_II the_AT shade-avoidance_JJ response_NN1 (_( PIL1/2_FU )_) or_CC chlorophyll_NN1 biosynthesis_NN1 in_II the_AT dark_NN1 (_( PIF1_FO )_) (_( Huq_NP1 and_CC Quail_NN ,_, 2002_MC ;_; Kim_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2003_MC ;_; Salter_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2003_MC ;_; Oh_UH et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2004_MC ;_; Khanna_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2007_MC ;_; Leivar_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2008_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT legal_JJ dispute_NN1 (_( see_VV0 Figure_NN1 1_MC1 for_IF a_AT1 timeline_NN1 summarizing_VVG events_NN2 )_) began_VVD with_IW an_AT1 untitled_JJ letter_NN1 sent_VVN by_II the_AT FDA_NP1 (_( 2008_MC )_) to_II Regenerative_JJ Sciences_NN2 stating_VVG that_CST the_AT MSCs_NN2 being_VBG marketed_VVN on_II their_APPGE website_NN1 were_VBDR HCT/Ps_NP1 and_CC thus_RR required_VVN a_AT1 valid_JJ biologics_NN2 license_VV0 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT two_MC groups_NN2 have_VH0 several_DA2 morphological_JJ and_CC physiological_JJ differences_NN2 despite_II being_VBG grown_VVN in_II overlapping_VVG geographical_JJ ranges_NN2 today_RT ._. 
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<s>
The_AT effects_NN2 of_IO salt_NN1 on_II protein_NN1 conformation_NN1 and_CC consequently_RR on_II adsorption_NN1 properties_NN2 were_VBDR investigated_VVN in_II the_AT simulations_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
No_AT trace_NN1 fossils_NN2 attributed_VVN to_II Osedax_NP1 were_VBDR recorded_VVN in_II this_DD1 study_NN1 ,_, which_DDQ is_VBZ consistent_JJ with_IW phylogenetic_JJ analyses_NN2 that_CST indicate_VV0 at_RR21 most_RR22 a_AT1 late_JJ Cretaceous_JJ origin_NN1 of_IO the_AT Osedax_NN1 clade48_FO and_CC with_IW an_AT1 early_JJ Oligocene_NP1 age_NN1 for_IF the_AT oldest_JJT known_JJ Osedax_NN1 trace_NN1 fossil49_FO ._. 
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<s>
Other_JJ evidence_NN1 of_IO demographic_JJ growth_NN1 included_VVD lack_NN1 of_IO phylogeographic_JJ structure_NN1 and_CC high_JJ haplotype_NN1 and_CC low_JJ nucleotide_NN1 diversity_NN1 (_( Avise2000_FO )_) ._. 
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<s>
N._NP1 E._NP1 was_VBDZ supported_VVN by_II the_AT Santa_NP1 Fe_NP1 Institute_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT triplex_NN1 was_VBDZ shown_VVN to_TO prevent_VVI TTF-1_MC1 binding_JJ while_NNT1 at_II the_AT same_DA time_NNT1 recruiting_VVG DNMT3b_FO ,_, a_AT1 DNA_NN1 methylase_VV0 that_CST facilitates_VVZ promoter_NN1 methylation_NN1 and_CC leads_VVZ to_II transcriptional_JJ silencing_NN1 of_IO the_AT rRNA_NN1 gene_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Section_VV0 One_PN1 provides_VVZ a_AT1 taxonomic_JJ review_NN1 ,_, the_AT second_MD section_NN1 deals_VVZ with_IW genetics_NN1 ,_, ecology_NN1 and_CC evolution_NN1 and_CC the_AT third_MD with_IW proximate_JJ mechanisms_NN2 and_CC development_NN1 ;_; the_AT final_JJ section_NN1 covers_VVZ potential_JJ applications_NN2 of_IO animal_NN1 personality_NN1 research_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
On_II the_AT other_JJ hand_NN1 ,_, the_AT formation_NN1 and_CC kinetics_NN1 of_IO IR-induced_NN1 53BP1_FO foci_NN2 was_VBDZ unaffected_JJ by_II the_AT absence_NN1 of_IO RB_NP1 (_( Fig._NN1 3A_FO ,_, C_ZZ1 )_) ._. 
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<s>
Remote_JJ camera_NN1 studies_NN2 have_VH0 produced_VVN evidence_NN1 that_CST raccoons_NN2 can_VM effectively_RR guard_VVI a_AT1 deer_NN carcass_NN1 from_II bobcats_NN2 and_CC coyotes_NN2 (_( D._NP1 Lesmeister_NP1 ,_, unpublished_JJ data_NN )_) ._. 
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<s>
One_MC1 set_NN1 of_IO annotated_JJ data_NN is_VBZ used_VVN to_TO train_VVI the_AT software_NN1 ,_, and_CC the_AT researcher_NN1 can_VM make_VVI corrections_NN2 throughout_II the_AT analysis_NN1 to_TO iteratively_RR improve_VVI the_AT accuracy_NN1 of_IO the_AT program_NN1 (_( 158_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
Androgen_NN1 levels_NN2 were_VBDR higher_JJR during_II the_AT period_NN1 of_IO peak_NN1 reproductive_JJ competition_NN1 ,_, consistent_JJ with_IW the_AT challenge_NN1 hypothesis_NN1 (_( Wingfieldet_NP1 al.1990_FO )_) ._. 
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<s>
Sequence_NN1 alignment_NN1 of_IO the_AT SARS-CoV_NP1 S_ZZ1 and_CC the_AT fitted_JJ structures_NN2 was_VBDZ performed_VVN using_VVG DNAman_NP1 (_( Lynnon_NP1 Corporation_NN1 ,_, Quebec_NP1 ,_, Canada_NP1 )_) and_CC ClustalX_NP1 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT fitted_JJ model_NN1 was_VBDZ rebuilt_VVN using_VVG RosettaCM_NP1 with_IW C3_FO symmetry_NN1 imposed_VVN and_CC the_AT best_JJT output_NN1 model_NN1 was_VBDZ selected_VVN according_II21 to_II22 the_AT energy_NN1 and_CC fitness_NN1 of_IO the_AT model_NN1 to_II the_AT EM_FU density_NN1 map_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Interestingly_RR ,_, transitions_NN2 between_II stationary_JJ patterns_NN2 are_VBR also_RR found_VVN in_II vegetation_NN1 systems_NN2 and_CC predator-prey_JJ systems_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT phylogenetic_JJ relationship_NN1 among_II the_AT black-throated_JJ ,_, crested_VVD ,_, and_CC northern_JJ bobwhites_NN2 and_CC their_APPGE respective_JJ subspecies_NN is_VBZ an_AT1 important_JJ priority_NN1 for_IF conservation_NN1 (_( Gutíerrez1993_FO ,_, Carroll_NP1 and_CC Eitniear2000_FO ,_, Madge_NP1 and_CC McGowan2002_FO ,_, Brennan_NP1 et_NP1 al.2014_FO )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Swapping_VVG entrance_NN1 tubes_NN2 did_VDD not_XX affect_VVI the_AT acceptance_NN1 of_IO either_RR nestmates_VVZ or_CC non-nestmates_NN2 (_( Fig.2_FO )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
For_IF this_DD1 reason_NN1 ,_, in_II this_DD1 paper_NN1 we_PPIS2 choose_VV0 to_TO take_VVI a_AT1 Gibbs_NP1 sampling_NN1 instead_II21 of_II22 a_AT1 VB_NP1 approach_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Samples_NN2 were_VBDR mineralized_VVN as_CSA described_VVN by_II Beinert_NP1 (_( 1978_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Figure_NN1 4_MC shows_VVZ the_AT how_RRQ the_AT posterior_JJ probabilities_NN2 over_II input_NN1 families_NN2 break_VV0 down_RP into_II posterior_JJ probabilities_NN2 for_IF individual_JJ models_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
To_TO account_VVI for_IF collinearity_NN1 between_II the_AT selected_JJ indices_NN2 ,_, variation_NN1 inflation_NN1 factors_NN2 (_( VIFs_NP2 )_) were_VBDR calculated_VVN for_IF the_AT Q_ZZ1 and_CC AF_NP1 indices_NN2 derived_VVN from_II the_AT PCA_NN1 procedure_NN1 ,_, as_II31 well_II32 as_II33 two_MC hydraulic_JJ metrics_NN2 (_( mean_JJ velocity_NN1 and_CC Froude_NP1 number_NN1 )_) ,_, with_IW variables_NN2 being_VBG iteratively_RR removed_VVN until_CS all_DB VIFs_NN2 were_VBDR below_RG 3_MC (_( Zuur_NP1 ,_, Ieno_NP1 ,_, &;_NULL Elphick_NP1 ,_, 2010_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
As_CSA described_VVN above_RL ,_, corticostriate_NN1 and_CC thalamocortical_JJ pathways_NN2 are_VBR excitatory_JJ glutamatergic_JJ projections_NN2 (_( Fig._NN1 1_MC1 )_) ._. 
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<s>
In_II agreement_NN1 with_IW the_AT requirements_NN2 of_IO the_AT Marine_JJ Strategy_NN1 Directive_NN1 Framework_NN1 (_( Directive_NN1 2008/56/EC_FU )_) ,_, a_AT1 common_JJ protocol_NN1 for_IF the_AT voluntary_JJ collection_NN1 of_IO data_NN on_II marine_JJ litter_NN1 was_VBDZ agreed_VVN at_II the_AT MEDITS_NP2 Coordination_NN1 Meeting_NN1 of_IO 2013_MC (_( MEDITS_NP2 ,_, 2013_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Is_VBZ LTP_NP1 Necessary_JJ for_IF Learning_VVG and_CC Memory_NN1 ?_? 
</s>
<s>
In_RR21 addition_RR22 ,_, different_JJ papers_NN2 use_VV0 different_JJ metrics_NN2 for_IF evaluation_NN1 ,_, which_DDQ clouds_VVZ proper_JJ interpretation_NN1 of_IO results_NN2 of_IO multiple_JJ methods_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
I_PPIS1 particularly_RR enjoyed_VVD the_AT section_NN1 on_II nightjars_NN2 ,_, as_CSA they_PPHS2 are_VBR easily_RR overlooked_VVN ,_, truly_RR unique_JJ and_CC one_MC1 of_IO my_APPGE own_DA study_NN1 species_NN ._. 
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<s>
Its_APPGE advance_NN1 at_II each_DD1 serial_JJ step_NN1 is_VBZ conditional_JJ on_II conformance_NN1 of_IO predicted_JJ and_CC actual_JJ frames_NN2 within_II the_AT limits_NN2 of_IO abstraction_NN1 and_CC generalization_NN1 that_CST are_VBR determined_VVN by_II the_AT basins_NN2 of_IO attraction_NN1 in_II the_AT perceptual_JJ attractor_NN1 landscapes_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Other_JJ variables_NN2 also_RR may_VM have_VHI affected_VVN the_AT power_NN1 of_IO our_APPGE experiment_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT climate_NN1 of_IO the_AT Earth_NN1 is_VBZ continuously_RR changing_VVG and_CC has_VHZ always_RR changed_VVN through_II geological_JJ time_NNT1 periods_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
For_IF all_DB mortality_NN1 records_NN2 ,_, we_PPIS2 obtained_VVD information_NN1 regarding_II sex_NN1 ,_, age_NN1 ,_, and_CC the_AT presence_NN1 of_IO eartags_NN2 or_CC a_AT1 radiocollar_JJ ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT circadian_JJ clock_NN1 regulates_VVZ some_DD PIFs_NN2 ,_, such_II21 as_II22 PIF4_FO and_CC PIF5_FO (_( Fujimori_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2004_MC ;_; Lucyshyn_NP1 and_CC Wigge_NP1 ,_, 2009_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
It_PPH1 is_VBZ mainly_RR focussed_VVN on_II the_AT regulatory_JJ role_NN1 that_CST ubiquitin-mediated_JJ selective_JJ protein_NN1 degradation_NN1 plays_VVZ in_II signal_NN1 transduction_NN1 ,_, cell_NN1 cycle_NN1 control_NN1 ,_, or_CC transcription_NN1 regulation_NN1 as_II31 well_II32 as_II33 in_II other_JJ important_JJ cellular_JJ processes_NN2 like_II endocytosis_NN1 or_CC apoptosis_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Nevertheless_RR ,_, simplicity_NN1 ,_, precision_NN1 ,_, '_NULL cleanness_NN1 '_NULL and_CC timeliness_NN1 were_VBDR common_JJ themes_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
However_RR ,_, when_CS the_AT relevant_JJ mutants_NN2 were_VBDR subjected_VVN to_II computer-aided_JJ morphological_JJ analysis_NN1 of_IO the_AT leaves_NN2 ,_, the_AT consequences_NN2 of_IO loss_NN1 of_IO either_RR or_CC both_DB2 genes_NN2 became_VVD obvious_JJ ._. 
</s>
<s>
Individuals_NN2 of?B._NNU the_AT mountain_NN1 region_NN1 of_IO ES_NP1 (_( >600m_FO above_II sea_NN1 level_NN1 )_) are_VBR heavier_JJR and_CC larger_JJR than_CSN those_DD2 inhabiting_VVG the_AT lowlands_NN2 (_( 0?_FO "_" 200m_NNU above_II sea_NN1 level_NN1 ;_; ?Lara-Ruiz_NP1 &;_NULL Chiarello_NP1 2005_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
The_AT difference_NN1 in_II the_AT number_NN1 of_IO helices_NN2 has_VHZ been_VBN attributed_VVN to_II the_AT size_NN1 of_IO the_AT substrates_NN2 being_VBG transported_VVN ._. 
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<s>
This_DD1 might_VM reflect_VVI the_AT functional_JJ redundancy_NN1 between_II Ring1A_FO and_CC Ring1B_FO ,_, although_CS it_PPH1 is_VBZ reported_VVN that_CST he_PPHS1 inactivation_NN1 of_IO Ring1a_FO ,_, a_AT1 paralog_NN1 of_IO Ring1b_FO in_II mice_NN2 ,_, results_NN2 in_II no_AT overt_JJ phenotypes_NN2 (_( del_FW Mar_VV0 Lorenteetal.2000_FO )_) ._. 
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<s>
The_AT percent_NNU deviance_NN1 explained_VVN in_II the_AT shared_JJ component_NN1 ranged_VVN from_II 52%_NNU to_II 92%_NNU (_( Table_NN1 19_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
We_PPIS2 could_VM not_XX test_VVI the_AT monophyly_RR of_IO Cyllopsis_NP1 ,_, Megisto_NP1 ,_, Amphidecta_NP1 ,_, Pharneuptychia_NP1 ,_, Godartiana_NP1 ,_, APSD_NP1 occurs_VVZ more_RGR frequently_RR in_II older_JJR individuals_NN2 who_PNQS habitually_RR go_VV0 to_II sleep_NN1 early_RR and_CC wake_VV0 up_RP early_RR (_( 29_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
The_AT book_NN1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 style_NN1 is_VBZ reminiscent_JJ of_IO his_APPGE lectures_NN2 ,_, where_CS he_PPHS1 readily_RR uses_VVZ metaphors_NN2 and_CC illustrations_NN2 from_II popular_JJ culture_NN1 to_TO make_VVI his_APPGE points_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Research_NN1 into_II the_AT potential_JJ role_NN1 of_IO superassembly_RR between_II CI_NP1 and_CC CIII_MC in_II mouse_NN1 fibroblasts_NN2 has_VHZ demonstrated_VVN that_CST ,_, when_CS the_AT amount_NN1 ofCIII_NN2 is_VBZ less_DAR than_CSN that_DD1 of_IO CI_NP1 ,_, electron_NN1 transfer_NN1 from_II succinate_NN1 and_CC glycerol-3-phosphate_NN1 is_VBZ impaired_VVN ,_, whereas_CS electron_NN1 transfer_NN1 from_II NADH_NP1 is_VBZ unaltered_JJ (_( 98_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
This_DD1 suggests_VVZ that_CST even_RR women_NN2 not_XX encountering_VVG additional_JJ physical_JJ risks_NN2 (_( to_II those_DD2 faced_VVN in_II routine_NN1 IVF_NN1 treatment_NN1 )_) to_TO give_VVI their_APPGE eggs_NN2 should_VM still_RR be_VBI compensated_VVN for_IF the_AT potential_JJ risks_NN2 to_II their_APPGE chances_NN2 of_IO pregnancy_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT central_JJ question_NN1 that_CST will_VM need_VVI to_TO be_VBI addressed_VVN ,_, and_CC quickly_RR ,_, is_VBZ ,_, how_RRQ will_VM efficacy_NN1 be_VBI evaluated_VVN during_II the_AT conditional_JJ approval_NN1 period_NN1 ?_? 
</s>
<s>
This_DD1 ,_, however_RR ,_, presents_VVZ a_AT1 conundrum_NN1 :_: ethylene_NN1 has_VHZ been_VBN implicated_VVN in_II both_DB2 stomatal_JJ opening/inhibition_NN1 of_IO ABA-induced_JJ closure_NN1 (_( polluted_JJ plants_NN2 --_JJ Mills_NP1 et_RA21 al_RA22 ._. 
</s>
<s>
2009_MC ;_; Wilkinson_NP1 &;_NULL Davies_NP1 2009_MC ;_; unpolluted_JJ plants_NN2 --_JJ Merritt_NP1 ,_, Kemper_NP1 &;_NULL Tallman_NP1 2001_MC ;_; Tanaka_NP1 et_RA21 al_RA22 ._. 
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<s>
2005_MC ,_, 2006_MC ;_; Desikan_NP1 et_RA21 al_RA22 ._. 
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<s>
2006_MC )_) and_CC in_II closure_NN1 (_( unpolluted_JJ plants_NN2 --_JJ Madhavan_NN1 ,_, Chrominiski_NP1 &;_NULL Smith_NP1 1983_MC ;_; Gunderson_NP1 &;_NULL Taylor_NP1 1991_MC ;_; Young_NP1 et_RA21 al_RA22 ._. 
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<s>
2004_MC ;_; Desikan_NP1 et_RA21 al_RA22 ._. 
</s>
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2006_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Supplementary_JJ Data_NN are_VBR available_JJ online_JJ at_II http_NNU :_: //bib_VV0 ._. 
</s>
<s>
In_RR21 addition_RR22 ,_, source_NN1 capacity_NN1 more_RGR strongly_RR limits_VVZ the_AT yield_NN1 potential_NN1 in_II current_JJ high-yielding_JJ modern_JJ cultivars_NN2 because_CS the_AT grain_NN1 sink_NN1 has_VHZ been_VBN successfully_RR improved_VVN after_II the_AT introduction_NN1 of_IO semidwarf_NN1 traits_NN2 in_II rice_NN1 (_( Makino_NP1 2011_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
Individuals_NN2 of_IO high_JJ phenotypic_JJ quality_NN1 or_CC with_IW high_JJ social_JJ dominance_NN1 could_VM force_VVI low-quality_JJ or_CC sub-dominant_JJ individuals_NN2 to_TO leave_VVI ._. 
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<s>
A_AT1 more_RGR quantitative_JJ assessment_NN1 of_IO mitophagy_NN1 is_VBZ needed_VVN to_TO determine_VVI whether_CSW endogenous_JJ parkin_NN1 mediates_VVZ an_AT1 increase_NN1 in_II the_AT mitochondrial_JJ turnover_NN1 rate_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Furthermore_RR ,_, complexes_NN2 are_VBR formed_VVN between_II molecules_NN2 that_CST are_VBR complementary_JJ in_II structure_NN1 as_II31 well_II32 as_II33 in_II physical-chemical_JJ properties_NN2 (_( 111_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
The_AT window_NN1 is_VBZ chosen_VVN in_II a_AT1 way_NN1 that_CST captures_VVZ the_AT nature_NN1 of_IO IED_JJ spikes_NN2 whose_DDQGE sub-components_NN2 have_VH0 a_AT1 duration_NN1 of_IO less_DAR than_CSN 40ms_FO ._. 
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<s>
For_IF these_DD2 turtles_NN2 ,_, the_AT time_NNT1 spent_VVN in_II Brazilian_JJ waters_NN2 is_VBZ short_JJ ,_, returning_VVG after_II three_MC to_II five_MC months_NNT2 to_II the_AT same_DA place_NN1 of_IO release_NN1 ,_, and_CC hence_RR spending_VVG most_DAT of_IO the_AT year_NNT1 in_II Uruguayan_JJ coastal_JJ waters_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Among_II these_DD2 are_VBR genetic_JJ instability_NN1 ,_, high_JJ mutation_NN1 rate_NN1 and_CC tumorigenic_JJ potential_NN1 ,_, epigenetic_JJ memory_NN1 of_IO differentiated_JJ iPSCs_NN2 ,_, and_CC the_AT immune_JJ response_NN1 after_II stem_NN1 cell_NN1 transplantation_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Emotional_JJ reactions_NN2 can_VM become_VVI maladaptive_JJ when_CS the_AT type_NN1 ,_, strength_NN1 ,_, or_CC coordination_NN1 across_II neurophysiological_JJ systems_NN2 is_VBZ not_XX optimal_JJ for_IF a_AT1 particular_JJ context_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT data_NN were_VBDR filtered_VVN to_TO remove_VVI low-confidence_JJ measurements_NN2 and_CC globally_RR normalized_VVD per_II array_NN1 such_CS21 that_CS22 the_AT median_NN1 of_IO the_AT signal_NN1 intensity_NN1 was_VBDZ adjusted_VVN to_II 50_MC after_II normalization_NN1 (_( accession_NN1 no_UH ._. 
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GSE53650_FO )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Finally_RR ,_, RT-PCR_JJ analyses_NN2 confirmed_VVD that_DD1 expression_NN1 of_IO vgrG3_FO and_CC tsiV3_FO ,_, as_II31 well_II32 as_II33 tseL_NN1 and_CC tsiV1_FO ,_, were_VBDR elevated_VVN in_II bacteria_NN2 recovered_VVN from_II the_AT rabbit_NN1 distal_JJ small_JJ intestine_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Interspecific_JJ competition_NN1 has_VHZ been_VBN defined_VVN as_II "_" an_AT1 interaction_NN1 between_II members_NN2 of_IO two_MC or_CC more_DAR species_NN that_CST ,_, as_II a_AT1 consequence_NN1 of_IO either_DD1 exploitation_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 shared_JJ resource_NN1 or_CC of_IO interference_NN1 related_VVN to_II that_DD1 resource_NN1 ,_, has_VHZ a_AT1 negative_JJ effect_NN1 on_II fitness-related_JJ characteristics_NN2 of_IO at_RR21 least_RR22 one_MC1 species_NN "_" (_( Wiens_NP1 1989:7_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
Differences_NN2 in_II the_AT susceptibility_NN1 of_IO native_JJ animals_NN2 to_II 1080_MC between_II eastern_JJ and_CC western_JJ Australia_NP1 may_VM also_RR affect_VVI the_AT potential_JJ application_NN1 of_IO aerial_NN1 baiting_VVG in_II eastern_JJ Australia_NP1 ._. 
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<s>
Cells_NN2 carrying_VVG pUA66-promoter-gfp_JJ fusions_NN2 were_VBDR grown_VVN in_II MHB_NP1 to_II exponential_NN1 phase_NN1 as_CSA stated_VVN before_II and_CC exposed_VVN to_II ciprofloxacin_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Restless_JJ legs_NN2 syndrome_NN1 (_( RLS_NP1 )_) is_VBZ a_AT1 very_RG common_JJ neurological_JJ disorder_NN1 that_CST results_NN2 in_II considerable_JJ discomfort_NN1 and_CC distress_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Furthermore_RR ,_, the_AT distinctive_JJ cell_NN1 and_CC molecular_JJ characteristics_NN2 of_IO taste_NN1 bud_NN1 cells_NN2 suggest_VV0 multiple_JJ stem_NN1 cell_NN1 types_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Nests_NN2 were_VBDR only_RR located_VVN very_RG occasionally_RR since_CS this_DD1 involves_VVZ a_AT1 large_JJ effort_NN1 and_CC also_RR increases_VVZ the_AT chance_NN1 that_CST predators_NN2 will_VM find_VVI (_( and_CC predate_VVI )_) the_AT visited_VVN nests_NN2 and_CC hence_RR only_RR very_RG few_DA2 chicks_NN2 were_VBDR ringed_VVN in_II the_AT nest_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Consistent_JJ with_IW a_AT1 role_NN1 in_II maintaining_VVG energy_NN1 homeostasis_NN1 ,_, when_CS AMPK_NP1 is_VBZ activated_VVN by_II energetic_JJ stress_NN1 ,_, it_PPH1 switches_VVZ on_RP catabolic_JJ pathways_NN2 that_CST generate_VV0 ATP_NN1 while_CS switching_VVG off_RP biosynthetic_JJ pathways_NN2 that_CST consume_VV0 ATP._NN1 ?_? 
</s>
<s>
First_MD ,_, we_PPIS2 interpreted_VVD noise_NN1 levels_NN2 based_VVN on_II woodpecker-weighting_JJ algorithms_NN2 ,_, which_DDQ is_VBZ more_RGR specific_JJ to_II the_AT subject_NN1 animal_NN1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 hearing_VVG sensitivity_NN1 than_CSN the_AT generalized_JJ and_CC less_RGR applicable_JJ Aor_NN1 unweighted_JJ algorithms_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT Records_NN2 of_IO North_NP1 American_JJ Big_JJ Game_NN1 ,_, which_DDQ was_VBDZ established_VVN by_II the_AT Boone_NN1 and_CC Crockett_NP1 Club_NN1 in_II 1932_MC ,_, contains_VVZ data_NN on_II horn_NN1 and_CC antler_NN1 size_NN1 of_IO trophy_NN1 ungulates_NN2 spanning_VVG more_DAR than_CSN a_AT1 century_NNT1 and_CC includes_VVZ the_AT entire_JJ geographic_JJ range_NN1 of_IO most_DAT native_JJ species_NN (_( Reneau_NP1 and_CC Buckner_NP1 2005_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
In_II the_AT central_JJ Canadian_JJ Arctic_JJ ,_, PTT-tagged_JJ cranes_NN2 settled_VVN near_II the_AT Arctic_JJ Ocean_NN1 eastward_RL from_II near_RL Bathhurst_VV0 Inlet_NN1 to_II the_AT southwest_ND1 edge_NN1 of_IO Boothia_NP1 Peninsula_NN1 (_( Fig._NN1 5_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT reduction_NN1 in_II control_NN1 group_NN1 participants_NN2 '_NULL sodium_NN1 intake_NN1 was_VBDZ not_XX significant_JJ (_( Table_NN1 )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Vertebrates_NN2 express_VV0 28_MC different_JJ collagens_NN2 ,_, conveniently_RR numbered_VVD I–XXVIII_NP1 (_( Kadler_NP1 et_RA21 al_RA22 ._. 
</s>
<s>
2007_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Although_CS CPCs_NP1 were_VBDR first_MD argued_VVN to_TO replenish_VVI the_AT heart_NN1 via_II canonical_JJ stem_NN1 cell_NN1 mechanisms_NN2 ,_, their_APPGE effects_NN2 now_RT appear_VV0 to_TO be_VBI indirect_JJ ._. 
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<s>
Other_JJ redox-sensitive_JJ intracellular_JJ signaling_JJ pathways_NN2 may_VM be_VBI also_RR influenced_VVN by_II MTs_NP2 ._. 
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<s>
Display_VV0 movement_NN1 and_CC background_NN1 motion_NN1 (_( i._MC e._ZZ1 visual_JJ noise_NN1 )_) were_VBDR summarized_VVN separately_RR as_CSA the_AT maximum_JJ speed_NN1 recorded_VVN over_II the_AT video_NN1 sequence_NN1 ,_, which_DDQ was_VBDZ then_RT averaged_VVN across_II all_DB clips_NN2 for_IF a_AT1 given_JJ lizard_NN1 for_IF use_NN1 in_II statistical_JJ analyses_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT partial_JJ 4_MC β_NULL 2_MC nicotinic_JJ acetylcholine_NN1 receptor_NN1 agonist_NN1 varenicline_NN1 is_VBZ also_RR approved_VVN for_IF smoking_JJ cessation_NN1 ,_, with_IW some_DD success_NN1 in_II clinical_JJ trials_NN2 (_( Gonzales_NN2 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2006_MC ;_; Nides_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2006_MC ;_; Oncken_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2006_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT expression_NN1 of_IO some_DD of_IO these_DD2 genes_NN2 may_VM reflect_VVI the_AT continuing_JJ influence_NN1 of_IO the_AT differentiation_NN1 programs_NN2 of_IO the_AT cells_NN2 of_IO origin_NN1 from_II which_DDQ certain_JJ primary_JJ tumors_NN2 are_VBR derived_VVN (_( Figure_NN1 6A_FO )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Rotavirus_NP1 (_( T_ZZ1 =_FO 13_MC )_) at_II 3.8_MC also_RR required_VVN 10_MC million_NNO asymmetric_JJ units_NN2 (_( Zhang_NP1 et_RA21 al_RA22 ._. 
</s>
<s>
2008_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
A_AT1 third_MD scenario_NN1 assumes_VVZ that_DD1 public_NN1 and_CC private_JJ investment_NN1 would_VM be_VBI largely_RR successful_JJ in_II bridging_VVG the_AT digital_JJ divide_NN1 and_CC 75%_NNU of_IO the_AT new_JJ computer_NN1 users_NN2 (_( 258_MC million_NNO )_) would_VM be_VBI those_DD2 without_IW electricity_NN1 ,_, while_CS 25%_NNU of_IO the_AT demand_NN1 would_VM be_VBI filled_VVN by_II those_DD2 with_IW electricity_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
No_AT difference_NN1 was_VBDZ observed_VVN in_II the_AT maximum_JJ size_NN1 of_IO organoids_NN2 compared_VVN to_II controls_NN2 ,_, suggesting_VVG that_DD1 stimula-tion_NN1 with_IW MAMPs_NN2 did_VDD not_XX affect_VVI the_AT growth_NN1 rate_NN1 (_( Figure_NN1 1B_FO )_) ._. 
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<s>
No_AT two_MC patients_NN2 with_IW schizophrenia_NN1 or_CC bipolar_JJ disorder_NN1 are_VBR exactly_RR alike_RR in_II their_APPGE clinical_JJ presentations_NN2 ,_, with_IW often_RR overlapping_VVG psychotic_JJ ,_, affective_JJ ,_, and_CC cognitive_JJ symptom_NN1 clusters_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Overall_RR ,_, E._NP1 coli_NN2 possess-ing_VVG the_AT pks_NNU island_NN1 are_VBR the_AT current_JJ strongest_JJT E._NP1 coli_NN2 candidate_NN1 for_IF being_VBG a_AT1 contributor_NN1 to_II colon_NN1 carcinogenesis_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Interestingly_RR ,_, this_DD1 protection_NN1 appears_VVZ to_TO be_VBI mediated_VVN at_RR21 least_RR22 partially_RR through_II T_ZZ1 cell-independent_JJ mechanisms_NN2 (_( Tribouley_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 1978_MC )_) ,_, and_CC involves_VVZ activated_JJ tissue_NN1 macrophages_NN2 (_( Van_NP1 '_NULL t_ZZ1 Wout_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 1992_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Ten_MC fish_NN species_NN (_( Fig._NN1 3_MC )_) and_CC four_MC invertebrate_JJ species_NN (_( Fig._NN1 4_MC )_) could_VM be_VBI identified_VVN from_II the_AT lander_NN1 images_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Our_APPGE study_NN1 provides_VVZ new_JJ insights_NN2 into_II the_AT relationships_NN2 between_II male-male_JJ competition_NN1 for_IF mating_VVG and_CC dominance_NN1 ,_, the_AT social_JJ stress_NN1 associated_VVN with_IW dominance_NN1 stability_NN1 ,_, and_CC GC_NP1 and_CC androgen_NN1 levels_NN2 in_II a_AT1 socially_RR living_JJ mammal_NN1 ,_, the_AT rhesus_NN1 macaque_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
We_PPIS2 identified_VVD 1,223_MC prey_NN1 items_NN2 from_II 15_MC territories_NN2 occupied_VVN by_II spotted_JJ owls_NN2 and_CC 4,299_MC prey_NN1 items_NN2 from_II 24_MC territories_NN2 occupied_VVN by_II barred_JJ owls_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
We_PPIS2 thus_RR considered_VVD the_AT relationship_NN1 between_II the_AT intolerance_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 gene_NN1 to_II CNV_NP1 and_CC its_APPGE expression_NN1 across_II 27_MC tissues31_FO ,_, focusing_VVG on_II the_AT 7,754_MC genes_NN2 that_CST were_VBDR highly_RR expressed_VVN in_II at_RR21 least_RR22 one_MC1 of_IO those_DD2 tissues_NN2 (_( but_CCB not_XX all_DB of_IO them_PPHO2 )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
We_PPIS2 also_RR added_VVD unsettled_JJ valleys_NN2 and_CC potential_JJ fractures_NN2 to_II the_AT migrant_NN1 analysis_NN1 as_CSA controls_VVZ to_TO strengthen_VVI the_AT comparison_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT estimated_JJ number_NN1 of_IO computers_NN2 that_CST will_VM be_VBI used_VVN with_IW primary_JJ LABs_NN2 is_VBZ shown_VVN in_II Table_NN1 3_MC ._. 
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<s>
The_AT majority_NN1 of_IO trials_NN2 included_VVD were_VBDR randomised_VVN or_CC quasi_RG randomised_JJ ._. 
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<s>
At_II Harvard_NP1 ,_, we_PPIS2 have_VH0 recently_RR started_VVN educational_JJ sessions_NNT2 for_IF translation_NN1 to_II the_AT members_NN2 of_IO academic_JJ departments_NN2 ,_, sharing_VVG success_NN1 stories_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT PBN_NP1 also_RR integrates_VVZ a_AT1 variety_NN1 of_IO signals_NN2 from_II the_AT periphery_NN1 and_CC from_II other_JJ brain_NN1 stem_NN1 sites_NN2 &lsqb;_( e._ZZ1 g._NNU ,_, periacqueductal_JJ gray_NN1 (_( PAG_NP1 )_) ,_, NTS_NN2 &rsqb;_) ,_, as_RG well_RR as_CSA from_II the_AT spinal_JJ column_NN1 (_( 66_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
However_RR ,_, centromere_NN1 stretch_NN1 was_VBDZ usually_RR restored_VVN in_RP )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Collectively_RR ,_, these_DD2 results_NN2 suggest_VV0 that_CST both_DB2 proteins_NN2 could_VM play_VVI a_AT1 role_NN1 in_II the_AT modulation_NN1 of_IO neuronal_JJ plasticity_NN1 by_II altering_VVG mRNA_NN1 transport_NN1 and_CC local_JJ translation_NN1 in_II neurons_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
One_PN1 would_VM expect_VVI the_AT switch_NN1 from_II a_AT1 low-affinity_JJ tense_JJ state_NN1 to_II a_AT1 higher_JJR affinity_NN1 ,_, more_RGR relaxed_JJ state_NN1 to_TO underlie_VVI the_AT gating_JJ process_NN1 in_II other_JJ members_NN2 of_IO the_AT Cys-loop_JJ receptor_NN1 superfamily_RR ,_, because_II21 of_II22 their_APPGE shared_JJ molecular_JJ design_NN1 ,_, implying_VVG conservation_NN1 of_IO function_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Prior_II21 to_II22 breeding_NN1 with_IW Creexpressing_VVG animals_NN2 ,_, LSL-KRASG12D_JJ mice_NN2 are_VBR functionally_RR heterozygous_JJ for_IF the_AT wild-type_JJ allele_NN1 (_( KRAS/_FU )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
However_RR ,_, mouse_NN1 enteroids_NN2 ,_, which_DDQ are_VBR much_RR more_RGR readily_RR available_JJ than_CSN human_JJ enteroids_NN2 ,_, are_VBR technically_RR less_RGR challenging_JJ ,_, less_RGR timeconsuming_JJ ,_, and_CC can_VM be_VBI genetically_RR modified_VVN in_II lineage_NN1 tracing_VVG studies_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Our_APPGE ability_NN1 to_TO sample_VVI across_II the_AT entire_JJ range_NN1 of_IO the_AT genus_NN1 allowed_VVD the_AT most_RGT complete_JJ reconstruction_NN1 of_IO the_AT demographic_JJ history_NN1 of_IO the_AT northern_JJ bobwhite_NN1 to_II date_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
This_DD1 made_VVD it_PPH1 possible_JJ to_TO trace_VVI sperm_NN behavior_NN1 in_II cumulus_NN1 cells_NN2 together_RL with_IW their_APPGE acrosomal_JJ status_NN1 (_( Fig._NN1 1.4_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
PDRP_NP1 can_VM be_VBI characterized_VVN by_II relatively_RR decreased_VVN metabolism_NN1 ,_, in_II PD_NP1 patients_NN2 compared_VVN with_IW healthy_JJ controls_NN2 ,_, in_II "_" parietal_JJ association_NN1 cortex_NN1 ,_, visual_JJ cortex_NN1 ,_, and_CC lateral_JJ premotor_NN1 and_CC prefrontal_JJ association_NN1 cortices_NN2 "_" and_CC increases_VVZ "_" in_II the_AT pons_NN2 ,_, bilateral_JJ thalamus_NN1 ,_, pallidum_NN1 ,_, dorsal_JJ putamen_NN2 ,_, primary_JJ motor_NN1 cortex_NN1 ,_, and_CC supplementary_JJ motor_NN1 area_NN1 "_" (_( Teune_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2013_MC :_: 550_MC )_) (_( Tang_NN1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2010_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Since_CS the_AT cooperative_JJ folding_JJ reaction_NN1 is_VBZ evolutionarily_RR robust_JJ ,_, it_PPH1 comes_VVZ as_II no_AT surprise_NN1 that_CST it_PPH1 is_VBZ used_VVN to_TO add_VVI functionality_NN1 to_II proteins_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
In_II41 the_II42 light_II43 of_II44 the_AT finding_NN1 that_CST ethylene_NN1 antagonises_VVZ stomatal_JJ sensitivity_NN1 to_II abscisic_JJ acid_NN1 (_( ABA_NP1 )_) under_II ozone_NN1 pollution_NN1 (_( Wilkinson_NP1 &;_NULL Davies_NP1 2009_MC )_) ,_, this_DD1 review_NN1 provides_VVZ a_AT1 synthesis_NN1 of_IO drought-and_CC ozone-responsive_JJ signalling_NN1 systems_NN2 and_CC their_APPGE effects_NN2 on_II stomata_NN1 and_CC shoot_VV0 growth_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
In_II this_DD1 case_NN1 ,_, the_AT inferred_VVN protein_NN1 complex_NN1 provides_VVZ support_NN1 also_RR to_II the_AT prediction_NN1 that_CST EXO1_FO is_VBZ a_AT1 causal_JJ gene_NN1 for_IF prostate_NN1 cancer_NN1 (_( MIM_NP1 :_: 176807_MC )_) discussed_VVD in_II the_AT previous_JJ subsection_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
TACCA_NP1 offers_VVZ greater_JJR flexibility_NN1 with_II31 respect_II32 to_II33 gene_NN1 validation_NN1 (_( e._ZZ1 g._NNU ,_, transformation_NN1 ,_, haplotype_VV0 analysis_NN1 ,_, TILLING_NP1 ,_, or_CC genome_NN1 editing_NN1 )_) ,_, and_CC since_CS it_PPH1 includes_VVZ the_AT generation_NN1 of_IO mapping_VVG populations_NN2 ,_, this_DD1 approach_NN1 enables_VVZ positional_JJ cloning_NN1 of_IO genes_NN2 with_IW partial_JJ phenotypes_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT model_NN1 suggests_VVZ that_CST increasing_JJ matrix_NN1 rigidity_NN1 and_CC integrin_NN1 density_NN1 both_RR can_VM increase_VVI the_AT integrin_NN1 cluster_NN1 size_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
These_DD2 studies_NN2 allow_VV0 elucidation_NN1 of_IO NAC_JJ roles_NN2 in_II both_DB2 stress_VV0 responses_NN2 and_CC development_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT resultant_JJ force_NN1 acting_VVG on_II half-bone_NN1 was_VBDZ split_VVN into_II two_MC components_NN2 (_( see_VV0 Fig._NN1 2_MC )_) ,_, namely_REX an_AT1 axial_JJ component_NN1 Fax_NN1 and_CC a_AT1 transverse_JJ component_NN1 Ft_NNU ,_, each_DD1 scaling_NN1 with_IW body_NN1 mass_NN1 with_IW its_APPGE own_DA allometric_JJ exponent_NN1 ,_, i._MC e._ZZ1 ,_, This_DD1 interpretation_NN1 turns_VVZ the_AT topology_NN1 problem_NN1 into_II a_AT1 thermodynamic_JJ problem_NN1 consisting_VVG of_IO mixtures_NN2 of_IO different_JJ species_NN of_IO DNA_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
This_DD1 pattern_NN1 likely_RR resulted_VVN from_II an_AT1 abundance_NN1 of_IO invertebrates_NN2 in_II the_AT ground_NN1 litter_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Benefits_NN2 in_II the_AT form_NN1 of_IO kleptoparasitism_NN1 can_VM also_RR be_VBI obtained_VVN by_II species_NN of_IO all_DB foraging_VVG guilds_NN2 ,_, but_CCB ,_, unlike_JJ copying_NN1 benefits_NN2 ,_, can_VM potentially_RR be_VBI obtained_VVN from_II members_NN2 of_IO both_RR one_MC1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 own_VV0 and_CC other_JJ foraging_VVG guilds_NN2 (_( Greenberg_NP1 2000_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
The_AT amplification_NN1 protocols_NN2 described_VVN by_II Williams_NP1 etal_JJ ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT SLF_NP1 fibers_NN2 were_VBDR obtained_VVN bilaterally_RR placing_VVG a_AT1 region_NN1 of_IO interest_NN1 at_II the_AT triangular-shaped_JJ region_NN1 lateral_JJ to_II each_DD1 of_IO the_AT corticospinal_JJ tracts_NN2 ,_, in_II a_AT1 coronal_JJ plane_NN1 along_II the_AT rostral_JJ aspect_NN1 of_IO the_AT corpus_NN1 callosum_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
These_DD2 observations_NN2 ,_, coupled_VVN with_IW phylogenetic_JJ results_NN2 favoring_VVG the_AT tenet_NN1 that_CST eukaryotes_NN2 descend_VV0 from_II bacteria_NN2 (_( 32_MC )_) ,_, prompted_VVD the_AT Introns-Late_JJ (_( IL_FW )_) theory_NN1 ,_, i._MC e._ZZ1 ,_, that_DD1 spliceosomal_JJ introns_NN2 and_CC the_AT spliceosome_JJ could_VM not_XX be_VBI instrumental_JJ in_II the_AT origin_NN1 of_IO genes_NN2 because_CS they_PPHS2 emerged_VVD later_RRR ,_, through_II the_AT coevolution_NN1 of_IO self-splicing_NN1 group-II_MC introns_NN2 with_IW eukaryotic_JJ proteins_NN2 ,_, after_CS the_AT former_DA had_VHD invaded_VVN previously_RR intact_JJ nuclear_JJ genes_NN2 via_II the_AT protomitochondrial_JJ endosymbiont_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT chromosome_NN1 is_VBZ shown_VVN as_II a_AT1 white_JJ thick_JJ wavy_JJ circular_JJ line_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
In_II sea_NN1 urchin_NN1 sperm_NN ,_, binding_VVG of_IO the_AT fucose_NN1 sulfate_NN1 polymer_NN1 (_( FSP_NP1 )_) found_VVD in_II the_AT outer_JJ layer_NN1 of_IO the_AT egg_NN1 (_( the_AT egg_NN1 jelly_NN1 )_) (_( Vilela-Silva_NP1 et_RA21 al_RA22 ._. 
</s>
<s>
2008_MC )_) to_II its_APPGE receptor_NN1 (_( suREJ1_FO )_) triggers_VVZ changes_NN2 in_II membrane_NN1 potential_NN1 (_( Em_FU )_) ,_, increases_VVZ in_II <Ca2+>_FO i_ZZ1 ,_, <Na+>_FO i_ZZ1 ,_, pHi_NN1 ,_, cAMP_NN1 ,_, IP3_FO ,_, and_CC NAADP_NP1 ,_, efflux_NN1 of_IO K+_FO and_CC H+_FO ,_, as_II31 well_II32 as_II33 activation_NN1 of_IO PKA_NP1 ,_, nitric_JJ oxide_NN1 synthase_NN1 ,_, and_CC phospholipase_VV0 D_ZZ1 ,_, and_CC changes_NN2 in_II protein_NN1 phosphorylation_NN1 (_( Domino_NN1 et_RA21 al_RA22 ._. 
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<s>
1989_MC ;_; Vacquier_NP1 2012_MC ;_; reviewed_VVN in_II Darszon_NP1 et_RA21 al_RA22 ._. 
</s>
<s>
2011_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
His_APPGE exponents_NN2 (_( Table_NN1 7_MC )_) are_VBR similar_JJ to_II the_AT pattern_NN1 of_IO l_ZZ1 <_FO d_ZZ1 in_II the_AT femora_NN1 and_CC tibiae_NN2 of_IO birds_NN2 (_( Table_NN1 4_MC )_) ,_, but_CCB are_VBR in_II contrast_NN1 to_II the_AT finding_NN1 that_CST l_ZZ1 d_ZZ1 in_II small_JJ mammals_NN2 (_( Table_NN1 3_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
The_AT major_JJ problem_NN1 lies_VVZ in_II the_AT lack_NN1 of_IO information_NN1 regarding_II how_RRQ levels_NN2 of_IO mRNA_NN1 correlate_VV0 with_IW protein_NN1 concentration_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Band_NN1 densitometry_NN1 was_VBDZ determined_VVN by_II Image_NN1 Studio_NN1 Lite_NN1 (_( Licor_NP1 )_) ._. 
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<s>
It_PPH1 is_VBZ possible_JJ that_CST if_CS higher_JJR doses_NN2 of_IO IPI-926_MC combined_VVN with_IW prolonged_JJ treatment_NN1 period_NN1 were_VBDR used_VVN in_II the_AT preclinical_JJ setting_NN1 ,_, potential_JJ adverse_JJ effects_NN2 may_VM have_VHI been_VBN encountered_VVN (_( Olive_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2009_MC ;_; Amakye_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2013_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
Similarly_RR ,_, sodium_NN1 ion-dependent_JJ transporters_NN2 also_RR have_VH0 an_AT1 antiparallel_NN1 topology_NN1 of_IO duplicated_JJ segments_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT most_RGT attractive_JJ hypothesis_NN1 is_VBZ that_DD1 AMPAR-containing_JJ vesicles_NN2 reside_VV0 within_II the_AT head_NN1 of_IO the_AT spine_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Total_JJ RNA_NN1 was_VBDZ extracted_VVN with_IW the_AT RNeasy_JJ Micro_NN1 Kit_NN1 (_( QIAGEN_NP1 )_) ,_, and_CC the_AT cDNA_NN1 was_VBDZ made_VVN with_IW SuperScript_NP1 II_MC Reverse_JJ Transcriptase_NN1 (_( Life_NN1 Technologies_NN2 )_) and_CC oligo(dT)12-18_MC primer_NN1 (_( Life_NN1 Technologies_NN2 )_) as_CSA recommended_VVN by_II the_AT suppliers_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
In_II31 terms_II32 of_II33 outstanding_JJ challenges_NN2 ,_, a_AT1 recent_JJ Editorial_NN1 in_II Nature_NN1 &lsqb;_( 44_MC &rsqb;_) makes_VVZ an_AT1 important_JJ point_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
However_RR ,_, overall_JJ efficiencies_NN2 are_VBR very_RG low_JJ ,_, typically_RR fractions_NN2 of_IO one_MC1 percent_NNU to_II usable_JJ chemicals_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
This_DD1 factor_NN1 is_VBZ apparently_RR soluble_JJ (_( and_CC thus_RR far_RR ,_, unidentified_JJ )_) ,_, because_CS live_JJ Candida_NP1 exerted_VVD this_DD1 suppressive_JJ effect_NN1 even_CS21 when_CS22 separated_VVN from_II PMBCs_NP1 in_II a_AT1 transwell_NN1 system_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Overall_RR ,_, the_AT balance_NN1 of_IO evidence_NN1 favored_VVD the_AT conclusion_NN1 that_CST the_AT midcontinent_JJ population_NN1 has_VHZ continued_VVN to_TO grow_VVI during_II the_AT conservation_JJ order_NN1 ,_, although_CS perhaps_RR at_II a_AT1 reduced_JJ rate_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
When_CS nucleus_NN1 RA_NP1 was_VBDZ cooled_VVN ,_, production_NN1 of_IO individual_JJ syllables_NN2 appeared_VVD to_TO be_VBI lateralized_VVN ,_, some_DD being_VBG affected_VVN only_RR by_II cooling_VVG right_JJ RA_NP1 ,_, and_CC others_NN2 by_II cooling_VVG the_AT left_JJ &lsqb;_( 15_MC &rsqb;_) ._. 
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<s>
Expression_NN1 of_IO the_AT INK4b/_NN1 ARF/INK4a_FU tumor_NN1 suppressor_NN1 locus_NN1 in_II normal_JJ and_CC cancerous_JJ cells_NN2 is_VBZ controlled_VVN by_II methylation_NN1 of_IO histone_NN1 H3_FO at_II K27_FO as_CSA directed_VVN by_II the_AT PcG_NP1 proteins_NN2 (_( Gil_NP1 and_CC Peters_VVZ ,_, 2006_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
Surprisingly_RR ,_, BRAF_VV0 melanoma_NN1 cells_NN2 became_VVD dependent_JJ on_II the_AT BRAF_NN1 inhibitor_NN1 ,_, suggesting_VVG that_DD1 resistance_NN1 acquisition_NN1 could_VM be_VBI associated_VVN with_IW new_JJ vulnerabilities_NN2 that_CST can_VM exploited_VVD for_IF therapeutic_JJ purposes_NN2 (_( 134_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Only_RR one-third_MF of_IO the_AT carcinomas_NN2 ,_, however_RR ,_, contained_VVD mutations_NN2 in_II all_DB three_MC of_IO the_AT tumor_NN1 suppressor_NN1 genes_NN2 (_( CDKN2A/INK4A_NP1 ,_, TP53_FO ,_, and_CC SMAD4_FO )_) most_RGT frequently_RR implicated_VVD in_II human_JJ pancreatic_JJ cancer_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
For_REX21 example_REX22 ,_, Plasmodia_NP1 have_VH0 lost_VVN the_AT ability_NN1 to_TO synthesize_VVI the_AT purine_JJ ring_NN1 de_NP1 novo_NN1 ,_, rendering_VVG them_PPHO2 auxotrophs_NN2 dependent_JJ on_II the_AT uptake_NN1 of_IO purine_JJ nucleotides_NN2 and_CC nucleobases_VVZ from_II the_AT host_NN1 (_( Gardner_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2002_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
Estimating_VVG site_NN1 fidelity_NN1 or_CC individual_JJ environmental_JJ specialisation_NN1 requires_VVZ data_NN from_II a_AT1 series_NN of_IO repeated_JJ choices_NN2 made_VVN by_II each_DD1 individual_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Although_CS there_EX were_VBDR countless_JJ experimental_JJ studies_NN2 ,_, it_PPH1 seems_VVZ to_II me_PPIO1 that_CST the_AT period_NN1 is_VBZ best_RRT characterized_VVN by_II a_AT1 few_DA2 attention-getting_JJ controversies_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Growth_NN1 and_CC immunity_NN1 are_VBR two_MC of_IO the_AT biological_JJ processes_NN2 of_IO plants_NN2 that_CST require_VV0 a_AT1 large_JJ amount_NN1 of_IO energy_NN1 and_CC other_JJ resources_NN2 (_( Ali_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2007_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
Our_APPGE project_NN1 web_NN1 site_NN1 is_VBZ http_NNU :_: //bioinfo_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT KIT_NN1 ligand_NN1 ,_, stem_VV0 cell_NN1 factor_NN1 (_( or_CC SCF_NP1 )_) ,_, is_VBZ a_AT1 homodimer_NN1 of_IO two_MC four-helix_JJ bundles_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
In_II fact_NN1 ,_, we_PPIS2 suggest_VV0 that_CST its_APPGE granularity_NN1 can_VM not_XX be_VBI any_DD different_JJ from_II the_AT granularity_NN1 of_IO the_AT motor_NN1 system_NN1 ,_, which_DDQ is_VBZ instantiating_VVG the_AT mirror_NN1 mechanism_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
As_CS31 soon_CS32 as_CS33 February_NPM1 27_MC ,_, 1997_MC ,_, Missouri_NP1 senators_NN2 Kit_NN1 Bond_NP1 and_CC John_NP1 Ashcroft_NP1 introduced_VVD the_AT first_MD anticloning_JJ bill_NN1 to_II the_AT U._NP1 S._NP1 Senate_NN1 ,_, which_DDQ stated_VVD that_CST no_AT federal_JJ funds_NN2 would_VM be_VBI used_VVN to_TO finance_VVI cloning_NN1 research_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Only_RR approximately_RR 1_MC1 in_II 300_MC oligodendrocytes_NN2 is_VBZ exchanged_VVN per_II year_NNT1 in_II adult_JJ human_JJ white_JJ matter_NN1 ,_, which_DDQ is_VBZ a_AT1 rate_NN1 at_RR21 least_RR22 100-fold_JJ lower_JJR than_CSN what_DDQ is_VBZ seen_VVN in_II adult_NN1 mice_NN2 (_( Yeung_NP1 et_RA21 al_RA22 ._. 
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<s>
2014_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Data_NN from_II the_AT two_MC longitudinal_JJ parallel_JJ lines_NN2 that_CST formed_VVD each_DD1 transect_NN1 were_VBDR pooled_VVN ,_, therefore_RR data_NN from_II each_DD1 pair_NN of_IO adjacent_JJ 20_MC m_ZZ1 20_MC m_NNO plots_NN2 at_II the_AT same_DA topographic_JJ position_NN1 (_( and_CC line_NN1 distance_NN1 )_) were_VBDR combined_VVN to_TO form_VVI one_MC1 20_MC m_ZZ1 40_MC m_NNO plot_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
We_PPIS2 performed_VVD EdU_NP1 labeling_VVG at_II four_MC different_JJ time_NNT1 points_VVZ that_CST correspond_VV0 to_II the_AT onset_NN1 and_CC completion_NN1 of_IO S_ZZ1 phase_NN1 in_II zygotes_NN2 and_CC two-cell_JJ stage_NN1 embryos_NN2 (_( early_JJ and_CC late_RR ,_, respectively_RR )_) ._. 
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<s>
For_REX21 example_REX22 ,_, numerous_JJ article_NN1 retractions_NN2 and_CC corrections_NN2 have_VH0 been_VBN catalyzed_VVN by_II PPPR_NP1 ,_, attracting_VVG the_AT attention_NN1 of_IO journal_NN1 editors_NN2 ,_, and_CC some_DD authors_NN2 are_VBR directly_RR responding_VVG to_II criticisms_NN2 in_II the_AT same_DA online_JJ platforms_NN2 in_II the_AT public_JJ domain_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
ChondroCelect_VV0 ,_, the_AT first_MD approved_JJ ATMP_NN1 ,_, will_VM also_RR be_VBI withdrawn_VVN in_II November_NPM1 2016_MC due_II21 to_II22 commercial_JJ reasons_NN2 together_RL with_IW the_AT lack_NN1 of_IO reimbursement_NN1 in_II key_JJ European_JJ countries_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Baited_VVN remote_JJ underwater_JJ stereo-video_JJ systems_NN2 (_( BRUVs_NP2 )_) is_VBZ a_AT1 method_NN1 that_CST is_VBZ gaining_VVG popularity_NN1 for_IF sampling_VVG the_AT abundance_NN1 and_CC body-size_JJ distributions_NN2 of_IO fish_NN assemblages_NN2 in_II marine_JJ ecosystems_NN2 (_( McLaren_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2015_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
Recently_RR ,_, Li_NP1 et_RA21 al_RA22 ._. 
</s>
<s>
(_( 2014_MC )_) reported_VVD a_AT1 multi-classification_JJ model_NN1 in_II which_DDQ the_AT chemical_JJ compounds_NN2 of_IO the_AT dataset_NN1 were_VBDR classified_VVN into_II four_MC categories_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT Textbook_NN1 of_IO Children_NN2 '_NULL s_ZZ1 Environmental_JJ Health_NN1 is_VBZ timely_JJ and_CC provides_VVZ a_AT1 comprehensive_JJ and_CC informative_JJ overview_NN1 of_IO this_DD1 discipline_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT '_NULL transgressive_JJ '_NULL qualities_NN2 of_IO MRT_NP1 have_VH0 resulted_VVN in_II different_JJ policy_NN1 ,_, legal_JJ ,_, and_CC regulatory_JJ responses_NN2 at_II national_JJ ,_, regional_JJ ,_, and_CC international_JJ levels_NN2 of_IO governance_NN1 &lsqb;_( 1,29_MC &rsqb;_) ._. 
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<s>
We_PPIS2 estimate_VV0 that_CST 15%_NNU of_IO the_AT cases_NN2 in_II which_DDQ docking_NN1 does_VDZ not_XX reproduce_VVI known_JJ geometries_NN2 are_VBR due_II21 to_II22 sampling_VVG limitations_NN2 (_( 12_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
For_REX21 instance_REX22 ,_, increasing_JJ matrix_NN1 rigidity_NN1 or_CC exerting_VVG a_AT1 static_JJ stretch_NN1 has_VHZ been_VBN found_VVN to_TO promote_VVI YAP/TAZ_NP1 or_CC MAL/MRTF_NP1 nuclear_JJ translocation_NN1 and_CC its_APPGE downstream_JJ transcription_NN1 activity_NN1 &lsqb;_( 143_MC &rsqb;_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Thus_RR each_DD1 short_JJ segment_NN1 is_VBZ treated_VVN as_II a_AT1 perfect_JJ helix_NN1 ,_, and_CC any_DD small_JJ displacements_NN2 caused_VVN by_II distortions_NN2 within_II the_AT segment_NN1 are_VBR neglected_VVN ._. 
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<s>
The_AT polypeptide_NN1 was_VBDZ also_RR able_JK to_TO escape_VVI the_AT vasculature_NN1 and_CC enter_VVI the_AT tumor_NN1 cells_NN2 when_RRQ the_AT tumor_NN1 was_VBDZ heated_VVN above_II the_AT Tt_UH ._. 
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<s>
Similarly_RR ,_, mutations_NN2 in_II the_AT CERT_NN1 PH_NN1 domain_NN1 abolish_VV0 its_APPGE targeting_VVG to_II the_AT Golgi_NN1 ,_, and_CC ,_, consequently_RR ,_, sphingomyelin_NN1 synthesis_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
We_PPIS2 are_VBR delighted_JJ with_IW the_AT large_JJ number_NN1 of_IO comments_NN2 that_CST have_VH0 been_VBN written_VVN ,_, and_CC even_RR more_RGR so_RR with_IW the_AT overwhelmingly_RR positive_JJ opinions_NN2 that_CST these_DD2 comments_NN2 communicate_VV0 to_II the_AT wider_JJR audience_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
If_CS there_EX is_VBZ only_RR one_MC1 cluster_NN1 ,_, exclude_VV0 this_DD1 alignment_NN1 from_II the_AT benchmark_NN1 and_CC skip_VV0 to_II the_AT next_MD alignment_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Juveniles_NN2 were_VBDR commonly_RR found_VVN at_II the_AT front_JJ edge_NN1 of_IO the_AT group_NN1 ,_, but_CCB adult_JJ males_NN2 were_VBDR not_XX ,_, and_CC appeared_VVD to_TO avoid_VVI fruit_NN trees_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Each_DD1 will_VM be_VBI considered_VVN in_II turn_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT Jumonji_JJ family_NN1 does_VDZ not_XX require_VVI a_AT1 free_JJ electron_NN1 pair_NN on_II the_AT nitrogen_NN1 atom_NN1 to_TO initiate_VVI catalysis_NN1 and_CC ,_, therefore_RR ,_, unlike_JJ LSD1_FO ,_, they_PPHS2 can_VM demethylate_VVI all_DB three_MC methyl_NN1 lysine_NN1 states_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT subject_NN1 and_CC reference_NN1 genomes_NN2 may_VM be_VBI extremely_RR similar_JJ (_( e._ZZ1 g._NNU ,_, as_CSA noted_VVN above_RL ,_, the_AT genomes_NN2 of_IO two_MC unrelated_JJ humans_NN2 are_VBR approximately_RR 99.8%_FO similar_JJ by_II sequence_NN1 )_) ,_, but_CCB they_PPHS2 are_VBR not_XX identical_JJ ._. 
</s>
<s>
Some_DD methods_NN2 that_CST sample_NN1 ligand_NN1 flexibility_NN1 are_VBR also_RR suited_VVN to_TO sample_VVI receptor_NN1 flexibility_NN1 ,_, namely_REX GAs_NN1 ,_, MD_NN1 methods_NN2 ,_, and_CC MC_NN1 methods_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Ammonium_NN1 interference_NN1 was_VBDZ removed_VVN from_II the_AT total_JJ absorbance_NN1 by_II creating_VVG standard_JJ ammonium_NN1 curves_NN2 (_( 0–1000_MCMC mM_UH ,_, y_ZZ1 =_FO 0.097x_FO +_FO 0.008_MC ;_; r2_FO =_FO 0.9998_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
To_TO further_RRR explore_VVI this_DD1 interesting_JJ in_JJ21 vivo_JJ22 phenotype_NN1 ,_, a_AT1 vgrG3_FO :_: :_: TnFGL3_FO insertion_NN1 mutant_NN1 was_VBDZ competed_VVN with_IW the_AT DtsiV3_FO mutant_NN1 in_II infant_NN1 rabbits_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Channels_NN2 can_VM be_VBI gated_VVN by_II voltage_NN1 or_CC a_AT1 ligand_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Most_DAT box_NN1 C/D_ZZ1 and_CC box_NN1 H/ACA_NP1 snoRNPs_VVZ drive_NN1 RNA_NN1 modification24_FO (_( Box_NN1 2_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
By_II computing_VVG the_AT trace_NN1 and_CC maximal_JJ eigenvalue_NN1 statistics_NN for_IF the_AT two_MC models_NN2 ,_, we_PPIS2 are_VBR able_JK to_TO test_VVI for_IF the_AT existence_NN1 of_IO the_AT drift_NN1 parameter_NN1 in_II Eq_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
(_( 3_MC )_) for_IF all_DB three_MC wood_NN1 products_NN2 ,_, i._MC e._ZZ1 ,_, for_IF the_AT significance_NN1 of_IO the_AT technical_JJ progress_NN1 variable_NN1 in_II Eq_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
(_( 2_MC )_) (_( Smith_NP1 and_CC Hagan_NP1 ,_, 1993_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT research_NN1 indicates_VVZ that_CST it_PPH1 is_VBZ feasible_JJ to_TO use_VVI decision_NN1 frameworks_NN2 such_II21 as_II22 SIF3_FO to_TO improve_VVI the_AT rigour_NN1 of_IO decision_NN1 making_VVG by_II community-based_JJ environmental_JJ management_NN1 organizations_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
In_II bacteria_NN2 ,_, mRNA_NN1 is_VBZ immediately_RR engaged_VVN in_II translation_NN1 by_II ribosomes_NN2 as_CSA it_PPH1 exits_VVZ RNAP_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
During_II dormancy_NN1 ,_, animal_NN1 eurytherms_NN2 may_VM thus_RR transiently_RR escape_VVI from_II the_AT elevated_JJ metabolic_JJ costs_NN2 associated_VVN with_IW maintaining_VVG activity_NN1 levels_NN2 at_II cold_JJ temperature_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT method_NN1 still_RR depends_VVZ on_II the_AT averaging_NN1 of_IO identical_JJ structures_NN2 ,_, but_CCB these_DD2 no_RR21 longer_RR22 need_VV0 to_TO be_VBI crystallised_VVN ._. 
</s>
<s>
I_PPIS1 define_VV0 two_MC major_JJ forms_NN2 of_IO behavioural_JJ plasticity_NN1 :_: developmental_JJ and_CC activational_JJ ._. 
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<s>
Consequently_RR ,_, several_DA2 novel_JJ HDAC_JJ inhibitors_NN2 are_VBR currently_RR under_II investigation_NN1 for_IF clinical_JJ use_NN1 in_II a_AT1 broad_JJ range_NN1 of_IO cancers_NN2 (_( Federico_NP1 and_CC Bagella_NP1 ,_, 2011_MC ;_; Johnstone_NP1 and_CC Licht_NP1 ,_, 2003_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT schema_NN1 upgrade_NN1 leaves_VVZ the_AT user_NN1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 curated_JJ data_NN intact_JJ ._. 
</s>
<s>
This_DD1 clinical_JJ implementation_NN1 model_NN1 might_VM address_VVI intrinsic_JJ high_JJ production_NN1 and_CC shipping_VVG costs_NN2 and_CC shelf_NN1 life_NN1 issues_NN2 (_( Figures_VVZ 1_MC1 and_CC S1_FO )_) commonly_RR associated_VVN with_IW centralized_JJ manufacturing_NN1 facilities_NN2 (_( especially_RR if_CS establishing_VVG regionalized_JJ facilities_NN2 is_VBZ not_XX justified_VVN )_) while_CS avoiding_VVG liabilities_NN2 from_II unauthorized_JJ product_NN1 use_NN1 and_CC inadequately_RR prepared_VVN clinical_JJ practices_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Similar_JJ findings_NN2 of_IO enhanced_JJ regeneration_NN1 of_IO the_AT SAE_NN1 and_CC SMGs_NP1 were_VBDR also_RR observed_VVN in_II MYH11-CreERT2_NN1 :_: Lef-1KI+/_JJ mice_NN2 following_VVG naphthalene_NN1 injury_NN1 (_( Figure_NN1 S4_FO )_) ._. 
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<s>
Also_RR ,_, sexual_JJ differentiation_NN1 in_II marsupials_NN2 does_VDZ not_XX occur_VVI in_II the_AT embryo_NN1 until_CS several_DA2 days_NNT2 following_RA birth_NN1 ,_, therefore_RR there_EX may_VM be_VBI no_AT intrauterine_JJ sex-specific_JJ hormonal_JJ signal_NN1 to_TO distinguish_VVI sex_NN1 post-implantation_NN1 (_( Short_NP1 etal_JJ ._. 
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<s>
Inspections_NN2 of_IO acoustic_JJ variables_NN2 revealed_VVD they_PPHS2 were_VBDR highly_RR correlated_VVN ._. 
</s>
<s>
Furthermore_RR ,_, the_AT use_NN1 of_IO electrical_JJ fields_NN2 to_TO move_VVI ions_NN2 in_II industrial_JJ applications_NN2 is_VBZ not_XX unprecedented_JJ as_CSA electrodialysis_NN1 and_CC capacitive_JJ deionization_NN1 techniques_NN2 are_VBR used_VVN for_IF desalination_NN1 purposes30_FO ._. 
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<s>
Every_AT1 layer_NN1 of_IO the_AT tumor_NN1 vessel_NN1 wall_NN1 is_VBZ abnormal_JJ ._. 
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<s>
DISCLOSURE_NN1 STATEMENT_NN1 previous_JJ candidate_NN1 gene_NN1 studies_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Further_RRR ,_, substance_NN1 P_ZZ1 is_VBZ expressed_VVN in_II Area_NN1 X_ZZ1 spiny_JJ neurons_NN2 (_( &lsqb;_( Carrillo_NP1 and_CC Doupe_NP1 ,_, 2004_MC &rsqb;_) ,_, &lsqb;_( Reiner_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2004a_FO &rsqb;_) and_CC &lsqb;_( Reiner_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2004b_FO &rsqb;_) )_) ,_, and_CC enkephalin_NN1 is_VBZ as_RG well_JJ (_( Carrillo_NP1 and_CC Doupe_NP1 ,_, 2004_MC )_) ,_, but_CCB it_PPH1 is_VBZ not_XX known_VVN whether_CSW they_PPHS2 are_VBR expressed_VVN in_II the_AT same_DA or_CC separate_JJ populations_NN2 of_IO spiny_JJ neurons_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT mesocosms_NN2 in_II this_DD1 study_NN1 did_VDD not_XX consistently_RR sustain_VVI amphipod_NN1 ,_, leech_NN1 or_CC ephemeropteran_JJ populations_NN2 that_CST have_VH0 been_VBN found_VVN to_TO decline_VVI in_II the_AT presence_NN1 of_IO decapods_NN2 in_II other_JJ laboratory_NN1 ,_, mesocosm_NN1 and_CC field_NN1 studies_NN2 (_( Mathers_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2016_MC ;_; Rosewarne_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2016_MC ;_; Stenroth_NP1 &;_NULL Nystrom_NP1 ,_, 2003_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Model_NN1 averaging_NN1 can_VM also_RR be_VBI restricted_VVN to_TO be_VBI withinsubject_NN1 (_( using_VVG equations_NN2 30/31_MF and_CC 32_MC only_JJ )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
In_II31 terms_II32 of_II33 commercialization_NN1 activity_NN1 ,_, the_AT 15_MC PIs_NN2 known_VVN to_TO be_VBI involved_JJ in_II independent_JJ start-ups_NN2 had_VHD ,_, on_II average_NN1 ,_, five_MC times_NNT2 as_RG many_DA2 patents_NN2 as_CSA those_DD2 not_XX involved_VVN (_( Figure_NN1 S3_FO )_) ,_, and_CC the_AT 15_MC individuals_NN2 involved_JJ in_II start-ups_NN2 had_VHD an_AT1 average_NN1 90_MC 18_MC coauthors_NN2 compared_VVN to_II an_AT1 average_NN1 of_IO 120_MC 14_MC for_IF those_DD2 not_XX involved_VVN ,_, a_AT1 nonsignificant_JJ difference_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT HTA_NN1 methodologies_NN2 required_VVN to_TO negotiate_VVI appropriate_JJ reimbursement_NN1 strategies_NN2 for_IF orphan_NN1 medications_NN2 vary_VV0 widely_RR across_II different_JJ European_JJ member_NN1 states_NN2 ,_, adding_VVG more_DAR complexity_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Global_JJ fits_NN2 have_VH0 the_AT advantage_NN1 of_IO increasing_VVG the_AT precision_NN1 with_IW which_DDQ exchange_VV0 parameters_NN2 are_VBR estimated_VVN (_( Demers_NP2 &;_NULL Mittermaier_NN1 ,_, 2009_MC )_) but_CCB care_NN1 must_VM be_VBI taken_VVN with_II31 respect_II32 to_II33 how_RRQ grouping_NN1 is_VBZ performed_VVN ._. 
</s>
<s>
We_PPIS2 noted_VVD that_CST particularly_RR at_II CP1_FO ,_, glial_JJ cells_NN2 send_VV0 out_RP some_DD filopodia_NN1 that_CST appear_VV0 to_TO explore_VVI the_AT surface_NN1 of_IO the_AT leg_NN1 disc_NN1 (_( Figure_NN1 1J_FO ,_, arrow_NN1 )_) ._. 
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<s>
Nicotine_NN1 has_VHZ a_AT1 relatively_RR short_JJ duration_NN1 of_IO action_NN1 ,_, so_CS it_PPH1 might_VM be_VBI thought_VVN unlikely_JJ that_CST injections_NN2 prior_II21 to_II22 learning_VVG experiences_NN2 influence_VV0 memory_NN1 consolidation_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
How-ever_RR ,_, flower_NN1 formation_NN1 was_VBDZ also_RR delayed_VVN in_II these_DD2 double_JJ mutant_NN1 lines_NN2 (_( data_NN not_XX shown_VVN )_) ._. 
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<s>
The_AT short_JJ residence_NN1 time_NNT1 (_( 0.5_MC d_ZZ1 )_) and_CC large_JJ simulated_JJ tides_NN2 used_VVN in_II the_AT current_JJ experiments_NN2 are_VBR consistent_JJ with_IW conditions_NN2 for_IF open_JJ coast_NN1 estuaries_NN2 in_II upwelling_VVG regions_NN2 (_( Lee_NP1 and_CC Brown_NP1 ,_, 2009_MC )_) ,_, which_DDQ tend_VV0 not_XX to_TO exhibit_VVI strong_JJ eutrophication_NN1 symptoms_NN2 such_II21 as_II22 seagrass_NN1 loss_NN1 ,_, hypoxia_NN1 and_CC fish_NN kills_VVZ ,_, despite_II large_JJ nutrient_NN1 loads_NN2 (_( Hessing-Lewis_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2015_MC ;_; Bricker_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2007_MC ,_, 2008_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
Each_DD1 of_IO the_AT last_MD three_MC groups_NN2 contains_VVZ only_RR a_AT1 single_JJ distribution_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Grateful_JJ acknowledgment_NN1 is_VBZ given_VVN to_II anonymous_JJ reviewers_NN2 for_IF their_APPGE indispensable_JJ assistance_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT peak_NN1 of_IO detection_NN1 of_IO GRA16_FO at_II 15_MC hr_NNU may_VM correlate_VVI with_IW the_AT burst_NN1 of_IO dense_JJ granule_NN1 secretion_NN1 into_II the_AT PV_NN1 occurring_VVG shortly_RR after_II its_APPGE formation_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
In_II late_JJ January_NPM1 2014_MC ,_, two_MC papers_NN2 on_II so-called_JJ STAP_NN1 cells_NN2 were_VBDR published_VVN in_II Nature_NN1 reporting_VVG a_AT1 seemingly_RR too_RG good_JJ to_TO be_VBI true_JJ method_NN1 of_IO cellular_JJ reprogramming_NN1 &lsqb;_( 3,4_MC &rsqb;_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
At_II each_DD1 of_IO these_DD2 sites_NN2 ,_, at_RR21 least_RR22 two_MC (_( and_CC around_II the_AT center_NN1 of_IO the_AT DNA_NN1 ,_, as_RG many_DA2 as_CSA five_MC )_) main_JJ chain-phosphate_JJ interactions_NN2 (_( and_CC several_DA2 side_NN1 chain-phosphate_NN1 interactions_NN2 )_) are_VBR made_VVN with_IW both_DB2 strands_NN2 of_IO the_AT DNA_NN1 at_II the_AT minor_JJ groove_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
It_PPH1 fails_VVZ to_TO provide_VVI the_AT comprehensive_JJ overview_NN1 of_IO all_DB the_AT methods_NN2 available_JJ for_IF computational_JJ analysis_NN1 of_IO biochemical_JJ systems_NN2 that_CST the_AT title_NN1 suggests_VVZ ._. 
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<s>
Technology_NN1 transfer_NN1 offices_NN2 are_VBR working_VVG with_IW angel_NN1 investors_NN2 to_TO provide_VVI funding_NN1 ,_, and_CC several_DA2 public-private_JJ partnerships_NN2 between_II foundations_NN2 and_CC companies_NN2 have_VH0 sprung_VVN up_RP to_TO help_VVI this_DD1 early-stage_JJ effort_NN1 without_IW diluting_VVG ownership_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
E._NP1 Redeker_NP1 and_CC A._NP1 Krainyk_NP1 assisted_VVD with_IW ArcGIS_NP1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Because_CS both_DB2 spatial_JJ dependency_NN1 and_CC heteroscedasticity_NN1 are_VBR apparent_JJ in_II the_AT error_NN1 terms_NN2 ,_, results_NN2 for_IF an_AT1 OLS_NN2 regression_NN1 with_IW Whites_NN2 robust_JJ standard_JJ errors_NN2 are_VBR provided_VVN in_II31 addition_II32 to_II33 the_AT spatial-lag_JJ model_NN1 specified_VVN in_II the_AT methodology_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
As_II an_AT1 alternative_NN1 to_II convergent_JJ evolution_NN1 ,_, the_AT introgression_NN1 of_IO mtDNA_NN1 and_CC nDNA_NN1 from_II dispersed_JJ P.stumpffi_NP1 individuals_NN2 might_VM be_VBI seen_VVN as_II a_AT1 possible_JJ explanation_NN1 for_IF the_AT phylogenetic_JJ position_NN1 of_IO P.stellata_NP1 sp_NNU ._. 
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<s>
Unicellular_JJ organisms_NN2 such_II21 as_II22 the_AT yeasts_NN2 are_VBR very_RG difficult_JJ to_TO identify_VVI and_CC differentiate_VVI by_II their_APPGE morphology_NN1 ,_, especially_RR for_IF closely_RR related_JJ strains_NN2 of_IO a_AT1 particular_JJ genus_NN1 (_( Barnett_NP1 and_CC Robinow_NP1 ,_, 2002_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
V1to_FO facilitate_VV0 endocytosis_NN1 of_IO theVegf-bound_JJ receptor_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Mice_NN2 with_IW selective_JJ deletion_NN1 of_IO TSC1_FO in_II POMC_NP1 neurons_NN2 show_VV0 a_AT1 higher_JJR body_NN1 weight_NN1 and_CC food_NN1 intake_NN1 (_( 122_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
Secondly_RR ,_, more_RGR open_JJ stomata_NN1 will_VM undoubtedly_RR give_VVI rise_NN1 to_II plants_NN2 with_IW reduced_JJ water_NN1 potentials_NN2 ,_, at_RR21 least_RR22 under_II soil_NN1 drying_NN1 and/or_CC high_JJ VPD_NP1 ._. 
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<s>
A_AT1 role_NN1 for_IF ethylene-induced_JJ reductions_NN2 in_II leaf_NN1 growth_NN1 could_VM also_RR be_VBI inferred_VVN from_II experiments_NN2 in_II which_DDQ rhizobacteria_NN1 with_IW enhanced_JJ ACC_NP1 deaminase_NN1 (_( ACCd_NP1 )_) activity_NN1 were_VBDR added_VVN to_TO soil_VVI around_RP intact_JJ Pisum_NN1 sativum_NN1 plants_NN2 (_( Arshad_NP1 ,_, Shaharoona_NP1 &;_NULL Mahmood_NP1 2008_MC ;_; Belimov_NP1 et_RA21 al_RA22 ._. 
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<s>
2009_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
We_PPIS2 recorded_VVD the_AT number_NN1 of_IO visits_NN2 to_II each_DD1 substrate_NN1 ,_, as_II31 well_II32 as_II33 the_AT duration_NN1 of_IO each_DD1 visit_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
In_II natural_JJ ecosystems_NN2 ,_, the_AT roots_NN2 of_IO many_DA2 plants_NN2 exist_VV0 in_II31 association_II32 with_II33 arbuscular_JJ mycorrhizal_NN1 (_( AM_RA )_) fungi_NN2 ,_, and_CC the_AT resulting_JJ symbiosis_NN1 has_VHZ profound_JJ effects_NN2 on_II the_AT plant_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Because_CS there_EX is_VBZ no_AT evidence_NN1 of_IO increased_JJ societal_JJ discrimination_NN1 against_II disabled_JJ people_NN as_II a_AT1 result_NN1 of_IO these_DD2 technologies_NN2 ,_, there_EX is_VBZ no_AT reason_NN1 to_TO interfere_VVI with_IW parental_JJ autonomy_NN1 ,_, although_CS it_PPH1 is_VBZ admitted_VVN that_CST if_CS empirical_JJ evidence_NN1 demonstrated_VVD that_CST there_EX were_VBDR negative_JJ impacts_NN2 on_II disabled_JJ people_NN ,_, this_DD1 position_NN1 would_VM require_VVI reevaluation_NN1 (_( 59_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Rag_NN1 proteins_NN2 do_VD0 not_XX show_VVI any_DD obvious_JJ membrane_NN1 targeting_VVG signals_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Sixty_MC adult_NN1 (_( 3_MC months_NNT2 old_JJ )_) normal_JJ cycling_NN1 female_NN1 Sprague-Dawley_NN1 rats_NN2 (_( Harlan_NP1 ,_, Indianapolis_NP1 ,_, IN_II )_) were_VBDR used_VVN as_CSA this_DD1 paradigm_NN1 more_RGR closely_RR mimics_VVZ clinical_JJ TBI_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Hyperaggression_NN1 is_VBZ a_AT1 relatively_RR rare_JJ behaviour_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
We_PPIS2 can_VM rule_VVI out_RP that_CST the_AT myogenic_JJ potential_JJ present_NN1 in_II perivascular_JJ cells_NN2 sorted_VVN from_II skeletal_JJ muscle_NN1 is_VBZ due_II21 to_II22 contamination_NN1 by_II regular_JJ myogenic_JJ cells_NN2 since_CS (_( 1_MC1 )_) no_AT Pax7_FO or_CC CD56_FO expression_NN1 was_VBDZ ever_RR detected_VVN by_II RT-PCR_JJ analysis_NN1 within_II extracts_NN2 of_IO freshly_RR sorted_VVN cells_NN2 or_CC by_II immunocytochemistry_NN1 on_II the_AT long-term_JJ cultured_JJ progeny_NN1 thereof_RR and_CC (_( 2_MC )_) the_AT average_JJ muscle_NN1 regeneration_NN1 index_NN1 of_IO perivascular_JJ cells_NN2 was_VBDZ at_RR21 least_RR22 as_RG high_JJ as_CSA that_DD1 of_IO CD56+_FO myogenic_JJ cells_NN2 purified_VVD from_II the_AT same_DA muscles_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Many_DA2 conventional_JJ agents_NN2 probably_RR work_VV0 in_II synergy_NN1 with_IW navitoclax_NN1 by_II decreasing_VVG the_AT level_NN1 of_IO MCL1_FO ,_, which_DDQ has_VHZ a_AT1 high_JJ rate_NN1 of_IO turnover_NN1 at_II both_DB2 the_AT mRNA_NN1 and_CC protein_NN1 levels191_FO ._. 
</s>
<s>
M-Cell_NN1 is_VBZ a_AT1 stochastic_JJ simulator_NN1 used_VVN for_IF spatially_RR realistic_JJ simulations_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
For_REX21 example_REX22 ,_, seven_MC similar_JJ paralogous_JJ mammalian_JJ PRMT_NP1 genes_NN2 have_VH0 been_VBN reported_VVN so_RG far_RR :_: PRMT1_FO (_( 1_MC1 ,_, 34_MC ,_, 47_MC )_) ,_, PRMT2_FO (_( 81_MC )_) ,_, PRMT3_FO (_( 93_MC )_) ,_, CARM1/PRMT4_NP1 (_( 10_MC )_) ,_, JBP1/PRMT5_NP1 (_( 45_MC ,_, 71_MC )_) ,_, PRMT6_FO (_( 24_MC )_) ,_, and_CC PRMT7_FO (_( 45a_FO ,_, 58_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
However_RR ,_, the_AT bestperforming_JJ model_NN1 ,_, as_CSA measured_VVN by_II predicting_VVG independent_JJ data_NN ,_, was_VBDZ the_AT central_JJ patch_NN1 model_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT prevalence_NN1 ofthis_NN1 life_NN1 form_NN1 is_VBZ typical_JJ of_IO brackish_JJ lagoons_NN2 and_CC estuaries_NN2 (_( Chertoprud_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2006_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Dgj_NP1 )_) MEFs_NN2 were_VBDR maintained_VVN in_II DMEM_NP1 supplemented_VVD with_IW 15%_NNU heat-inactivated_JJ FCS_NP2 ,_, antibiotics_NN2 ,_, and_CC 0.1_MC mM_NNU β_NULL -mercaptoethanol_NN1 under_II low-oxygen_JJ conditions_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
This_DD1 would_VM be_VBI particularly_RR true_JJ for_IF rice_NN1 ,_, a_AT1 species_NN growing_VVG in_II hot_JJ ,_, high-light_VV0 environments_NN2 ,_, where_CS C4_FO plants_NN2 do_VD0 particularly_RR well_RR ._. 
</s>
<s>
Our_APPGE own_DA work_NN1 (_( Takasato_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2015_MC )_) has_VHZ shown_VVN that_CST after_CS aggregation_NN1 of_IO cell_NN1 cultures_NN2 into_II a_AT1 3D_NNU format_NN1 ,_, a_AT1 complex_JJ organoid_JJ structure_NN1 arises_VVZ ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT autoantibody_NN1 most_RRT associated_VVN with_IW a-PLS_NN2 ,_, and_CC often_RR also_RR demonstrable_JJ but_CCB without_IW features_NN2 of_IO a-PLS_NN2 in_RP about_II one_MC1 third_MD of_IO SLE_NN1 patients_NN2 ,_, is_VBZ directed_VVN against_II beta2-glycoprotein-I_NN1 ,_, of_IO which_DDQ the_AT activity_NN1 in_RR21 vivo_RR22 is_VBZ implicated_VVN in_II the_AT thrombotic_JJ features_NN2 of_IO a-PLS_NP2 &lsqb;_( 33_MC &rsqb;_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
All_DB five_MC sallying_JJ species_NN showed_VVD high_JJ levels_NN2 of_IO non-random_JJ association_NN1 with_IW heterospecifics_NN2 within_II flocks_NN2 ,_, while_CS for_IF all_DB other_JJ bird_NN1 species_NN ,_, association_NN1 with_IW heterospecifics_NN1 was_VBDZ low_JJ and_CC not_XX different_JJ from_II random_JJ ._. 
</s>
<s>
In_II a_AT1 long-term_JJ NGS_NP1 monitoring_NN1 project_NN1 of_IO the_AT wolf_NN1 population_NN1 in_II the_AT central_JJ Apennines_NN2 ,_, Caniglia_NP1 etal_JJ ._. 
</s>
<s>
Gray_JJ treefrogs_NN2 ,_, like_II other_JJ acoustically_RR signaling_VVG animals_NN2 ,_, are_VBR often_RR found_VVN in_II environments_NN2 that_CST are_VBR complex_JJ as_II a_AT1 result_NN1 of_IO patterns_NN2 of_IO individual_JJ distribution_NN1 ,_, natural_JJ vegetation_NN1 ,_, and_CC additional_JJ habitat_NN1 attributes_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
T._NP1 californicus_NN1 is_VBZ distributed_VVN from_II Baja_FW California_NP1 to_II Southeast_ND1 Alaska_NP1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
In_RR21 addition_RR22 ,_, we_PPIS2 generated_VVD the_AT complementary_JJ mutant_NN1 by_II targeting_VVG the_AT remaining_JJ 35_MC sites_NN2 (_( SLX435A_FO )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT exceptions_NN2 are_VBR amphiphysin1_FO and_CC FCHo1_FO ,_, which_DDQ are_VBR only_RR expressed_VVN in_II mouse_NN1 brain_NN1 (_( *_FU )_) ,_, and_CC ACK1_FO and_CC CIP4_FO ,_, which_DDQ are_VBR not_XX expressed_VVN in_II either_RR NIH-3T3_JJ fibroblasts_NN2 or_CC mouse_NN1 brain_NN1 (_( **_FU )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Similarly_RR ,_, Baugh_NP1 et_RA21 al_RA22 ._. 
</s>
<s>
&lsqb;_( 90_MC &rsqb;_) integrated_JJ temporal_JJ and_CC spatial_JJ variation_NN1 to_TO identify_VVI a_AT1 developmental_JJ regulatory_JJ network_NN1 in_II a_AT1 Caenorhabditis_NP1 elegans_NP1 model_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Some_DD articles_NN2 contain_VV0 very_RG good_JJ overviews_NN2 in_II form_NN1 of_IO tables_NN2 and_CC figures_NN2 ,_, other_JJ articles_NN2 are_VBR more_RGR specialized_JJ ._. 
</s>
<s>
Each_DD1 synergy_NN1 ,_, through_II its_APPGE scaling_NN1 and_CC modulation_NN1 in_II time_NNT1 ,_, adapts_VVZ to_II grasping_JJ objects_NN2 of_IO different_JJ sizes_NN2 and/or_CC shapes_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT eight_MC nonconserved_JJ subunits_NN2 are_VBR believed_VVN to_TO have_VHI roles_NN2 in_II assembling_VVG ,_, stabilising_JJ ,_, modulating_VVG ,_, regulating_VVG or_CC increasing_VVG the_AT efficiency_NN1 of_IO the_AT activity_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
One_PN1 is_VBZ that_CST it_PPH1 counters_VVZ our_APPGE adaptationist_NN1 intuitions_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT opportunistic_JJ sampling_NN1 of_IO live_JJ species_NN such_II21 as_II22 by-catch_NN1 loggerheads_NN2 could_VM prove_VVI useful_JJ because_CS these_DD2 turtles_NN2 show_VV0 the_AT capability_NN1 to_TO eliminate_VVI large_JJ quantities_NN2 of_IO anthropogenic_JJ debris_NN1 ,_, to_TO survive_VVI these_DD2 ingestions_NN2 and_CC to_TO defecate_VVI marine_JJ debris_NN1 (_( Hoarau_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2014_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Released_JJ exosomes_NN2 are_VBR capable_JJ of_IO eliciting_VVG a_AT1 variety_NN1 of_IO changes_NN2 in_II target_NN1 cells_NN2 ,_, suggesting_VVG that_CST they_PPHS2 play_VV0 important_JJ intercellular_JJ signaling_JJ functions_NN2 (_( reviewed_VVN in_II 63_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT ordering_NN1 of_IO models_NN2 in_II this_DD1 figure_NN1 is_VBZ not_XX the_AT same_DA as_CSA the_AT ordering_NN1 of_IO P_ZZ1 models_NN2 in_II figure_NN1 4_MC ._. 
</s>
<s>
Characters_NN2 were_VBDR polarized_VVN via_II the_AT out-group_NN1 comparison_NN1 method_NN1 (_( Watrous_NP1 &;_NULL Wheeler1981_FO )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Administration_NN1 of_IO 5-HT_JJ receptor_NN1 agonists_NN2 in_II global_JJ 5-HT2CR_JJ knockout_NN1 mice_NN2 with_IW selective_JJ reexpression_NN1 of_IO 5-HT2CR_NN1 in_II POMC_NP1 neurons_NN2 induces_VVZ suppression_NN1 of_IO feeding_VVG (_( 105_MC )_) and_CC controls_VVZ glucosemetabolism_NN1 by_II regulating_VVG hepatic_JJ insulin_NN1 sensitivity_NN1 (_( 106_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
As_CSA pheromone_NN1 communication_NN1 plays_VVZ a_AT1 significant_JJ role_NN1 in_II Lampyridae_NP1 (_( Branham_NP1 &;_NULL Wenzel_NP1 2003_MC )_) and_CC very_RG probably_RR also_RR in_II the_AT related_JJ families_NN2 ,_, the_AT structure_NN1 of_IO antennae_NN2 is_VBZ under_RG strong_JJ selection_NN1 and_CC may_VM evolve_VVI very_RG quickly_RR ._. 
</s>
<s>
Hot_JJ ,_, toxic_JJ hydrothermal_JJ fluids_NN2 (_( low_JJ oxygen_NN1 ,_, high_JJ sulphide_NN1 ,_, acidic_JJ pH_NN1 ,_, laden_VVN with_IW heavy_JJ metals_NN2 )_) exit_VV0 at_II the_AT seafloor_NN1 and_CC mix_VV0 with_IW cold_JJ ,_, oxygen-rich_JJ bottom_JJ seawater_NN1 to_TO create_VVI steep_JJ ,_, rapidly_RR fluctuating_JJ environmental_JJ gradients_NN2 (_( ±5_FO °C_NNU changes_NN2 over_RG centimetres_NNU2 and_CC minutes_NNT2 )_) 12,13,14,15_MC ._. 
</s>
<s>
These_DD2 successes_NN2 relied_VVD mainly_RR on_II molecular-genetic_JJ and_CC genomic_JJ approaches_NN2 ,_, and_CC in_II the_AT study_NN1 of_IO MSY_JJ mutations_NN2 that_CST affect_VV0 spermatogenesis_NN1 ,_, they_PPHS2 depended_VVD critically_RR on_II the_AT availability_NN1 of_IO the_AT complete_JJ and_CC accurate_JJ sequence_NN1 of_IO the_AT human_JJ MSY_NN1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 ampliconic_JJ regions_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Birds_NN2 have_VH0 endogenous_JJ circadian_NN1 and_CC circannual_JJ clocks_NN2 (_( 10_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Twists_NN2 of_IO chance_NN1 ,_, of_IO synchronicity_NN1 ,_, of_IO serendipity_NN1 shaped_VVD the_AT trajectory_NN1 of_IO modern_JJ genetics_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
In_II the_AT first_MD experiment_NN1 ,_, we_PPIS2 characterised_VVD rest-activity_JJ rhythms_NN2 of_IO 2_MC groups_NN2 of_IO Q175_FO mice_NN2 ,_, one_MC1 aged_JJ 3_MC months_NNT2 at_II the_AT start_NN1 of_IO testing_NN1 and_CC one_MC1 aged_JJ 19_MC months_NNT2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT microcrystalline_NN1 calcite_NN1 has_VHZ a_AT1 clotted_JJ fabric_NN1 (_( Fig._NN1 3h_FO )_) ,_, and_CC locally_RR comprises_VVZ rounded_JJ to_II sub-rounded_JJ peloids_NN2 ,_, 50–120m_VV0 in_II diameter_NN1 (_( Fig._NN1 3i_FO )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT study_NN1 was_VBDZ limited_VVN to_II identifying_VVG the_AT constraints_NN2 to_TO output_VVI in_II the_AT wood_NN1 processing_NN1 sector_NN1 before_II and_CC after_CS the_AT adjustment_NN1 period_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Because_CS impacts_NN2 on_II site_NN1 occupancy_NN1 may_VM be_VBI greater_JJR near_II the_AT highway_NN1 ,_, we_PPIS2 used_VVD logtransformed_JJ distance_NN1 and_CC we_PPIS2 also_RR examined_VVN a_AT1 distance_NN1 zone_NN1 of_IO 1,000_MC m_NNO ._. 
</s>
<s>
For_IF reference_NN1 ,_, we_PPIS2 also_RR considered_VVN Euclidean_JJ distance_NN1 as_II a_AT1 covariate_NN1 for_IF 8_MC ._. 
</s>
<s>
Potentially_RR ,_, intact_JJ RGC_NP1 axons_NN2 from_II the_AT opposite_JJ eye_NN1 could_VM affect_VVI the_AT course_NN1 of_IO growing_JJ axons_NN2 at_II the_AT optic_NN1 chiasm_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT density_NN1 of_IO 2-adrenergic_JJ receptors_NN2 is_VBZ also_RR related_VVN to_II levels_NN2 of_IO circulating_VVG hormones_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Rarefaction_NN1 curves_NN2 illustrating_VVG differences_NN2 in_II expected_JJ number_NN1 of_IO prey_NN1 species_NN captured_VVN by_II northern_JJ spotted_JJ owls_NN2 and_CC barred_VVD owls_NN2 over_II a_AT1 range_NN1 of_IO simulated_JJ sample_NN1 sizes_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Statistical_JJ significance_NN1 was_VBDZ set_VVN at_II p_ZZ1 <_FO 0.05_MC ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT first_MD term_NN1 in_II Equation_NN1 8_MC ,_, Go_VV0 ,_, accounts_VVZ for_IF the_AT reduction_NN1 in_II translational_JJ and_CC rotational_JJ entropy_NN1 (_( 10_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT appearance_NN1 ,_, in_II pericyte-rich_JJ cultures_NN2 of_IO human_JJ dental_JJ pulp_NN1 ,_, of_IO dentin-expressing_JJ cells_NN2 also_RR suggested_VVN that_CST odontoblasts_NN2 can_VM be_VBI derived_VVN from_II perivascular_JJ cells_NN2 (_( Alliot-Licht_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2005_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
May_NPM1 et_RA21 al_RA22 ._. 
</s>
<s>
1976_MC ,_, 1979_MC ;_; Gibson_NP1 2006_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Particular_JJ care_NN1 was_VBDZ taken_VVN when_CS collecting_VVG food_NN1 samples_NN2 so_BCL21 as_BCL22 to_TO obtain_VVI the_AT precise_JJ plant_NN1 parts_NN2 consumed_VVN by_II the_AT birds_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Activation_NN1 of_IO NF-B_NP1 ,_, by_II loss_NN1 of_IO p53_FO ,_, caused_VVD an_AT1 increase_NN1 in_II the_AT rate_NN1 of_IO aerobic_JJ glycolysis_NN1 and_CC upregulation_NN1 of_IO Glut3_FO ._. 
</s>
<s>
Larval_JJ morphometrics_NN2 were_VBDR not_XX followed_VVN in_II the_AT unfed_JJ treatments_NN2 because_CS we_PPIS2 were_VBDR specifically_RR interested_JJ in_II the_AT occurrence_NN1 of_IO morphological_JJ plasticity_NN1 in_II treatments_NN2 where_RRQ positive_JJ growth_NN1 was_VBDZ occurring_VVG ._. 
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<s>
RRP12_FO ,_, a_AT1 ribosomal_JJ RNA_NN1 processing_NN1 gene_NN1 ,_, is_VBZ also_RR a_AT1 common_JJ intramodular_JJ hub_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Pioneering_JJ work_NN1 in_II juncos_NN2 (_( Saldanha_NP1 ,_, Deviche_NP1 ,_, &;_NULL Silver_NP1 ,_, 1994_MC ;_; Deviche_NP1 ,_, Saldanha_NP1 ,_, &;_NULL Silver_NP1 ,_, 2000_MC )_) has_VHZ shown_VVN that_CST transitions_NN2 between_II different_JJ reproductive_JJ states_NN2 are_VBR associated_VVN with_IW marked_JJ variation_NN1 in_II GnRH_NP1 protein_NN1 expression_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
C4_FO plants_NN2 reduce_VV0 C*_FO to_TO near_VVI 0_MC mmol_VV0 mol-1_FO ,_, allowing_VVG for_IF high_JJ Anet_NN1 at_II low_JJ CO2_FO but_CCB at_II the_AT cost_NN1 of_IO additional_JJ ATP_NN1 to_TO operate_VVI the_AT C4_FO metabolic_JJ cycle_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
In_II contrast_NN1 ,_, fungi_NN2 can_VM extend_VVI hyphae_NN2 through_II air-filled_JJ pore_NN1 spaces_NN2 to_TO access_VVI dissolved_JJ nutrients_NN2 ,_, and_CC can_VM translocate_VVI these_DD2 resources_NN2 to_II water_NN1 and_CC nutrient-limited_JJ cells_NN2 (_( &lsqb;_( Jennings_NP1 ,_, 1976_MC &rsqb;_) and_CC &lsqb;_( Jennings_NP1 ,_, 1990_MC &rsqb;_) )_) ._. 
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<s>
First-generation_JJ sequencing_NN1 and_CC SGS_NP2 technologies_NN2 have_VH0 led_VVN the_AT way_NN1 in_II revolutionizing_VVG the_AT field_NN1 of_IO genomics_NN2 and_CC beyond_RL ,_, motivating_VVG an_AT1 astonishing_JJ number_NN1 of_IO scientific_JJ advances_NN2 &lsqb;_( for_IF a_AT1 comprehensive_JJ review_NN1 of_IO SGSs_NP1 ,_, see_VV0 (_( 11_MC )_) &rsqb;_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Within_II the_AT basal_JJ ganglia_NN2 there_EX are_VBR important_JJ pathways_NN2 between_II the_AT dorsal_JJ striatum_NN1 and_CC globus_NN1 pallidus_NN1 interna_NN1 :_: (_( i_ZZ1 )_) direct_JJ pathway_NN1 ,_, which_DDQ is_VBZ a_AT1 monosynaptic_JJ connection_NN1 from_II the_AT dorsal_JJ striatum_NN1 to_II globus_NN1 pallidus_NN1 interna_NN1 ;_; and_CC (_( ii_MC )_) indirect_JJ pathway_NN1 ,_, which_DDQ is_VBZ a_AT1 polysynaptic_JJ connection_NN1 from_II the_AT dorsal_JJ striatum_NN1 to_II globus_NN1 pallidus_NN1 externa_NN1 to_II subthalamic_JJ nucleus_NN1 to_II globus_NN1 pallidus_NN1 interna_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
For_IF marsupials_NN2 with_IW blastocyst_NN1 diapause_NN1 and_CC post-partum_JJ mating_NN1 ,_, the_AT temporal_JJ delay_NN1 is_VBZ markedly_RR reduced_VVN ._. 
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<s>
Interestingly_RR ,_, engineering_VVG an_AT1 Asn_NN1 at_II position_NN1 441_MC within_II a_AT1 4-Ala_NP1 background_NN1 completely_RR restores_VVZ NIS_NP1 activity_NN1 ,_, and_CC Gln_NP1 has_VHZ the_AT same_DA effect_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Classical_JJ attention/vigilance_NN1 tests_NN2 in_II humans_NN2 are_VBR based_VVN on_II signal_NN1 detection_NN1 theory_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Indeed_RR ,_, several_DA2 conventional_JJ chemotherapeutics_NN2 ,_, including_II anti-tubulin_NN1 drugs98_FO ,_, decrease_VV0 the_AT level_NN1 of_IO MCL1_FO ,_, and_CC MCL1_FO levels_NN2 are_VBR increased_VVN in_II certain_JJ tumours_NN2 by_II upregulation_NN1 of_IO the_AT deubiquitylase_NN1 USP9X_FO ,_, which_DDQ could_VM be_VBI targeted97_FO ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT uniparental_JJ inheritance_NN1 of_IO mtDNA_NN1 and_CC associated_JJ lack_NN1 of_IO intermolecular_JJ recombination_NN1 mean_VV0 that_CST these_DD2 variants_NN2 have_VH0 remained_VVN restricted_VVN to_II specific_JJ ethnic_JJ groups_NN2 and_CC have_VH0 been_VBN used_VVN by_II population_NN1 geneticists_NN2 to_TO define_VVI the_AT migration_NN1 and_CC colonization_NN1 of_IO the_AT planet_NN1 ,_, supporting_VVG the_AT '_NULL out_II21 of_II22 Africa_NP1 '_NULL hypothesis_NN1 ,_, which_DDQ proposes_VVZ that_CST the_AT human_JJ mtDNA_NN1 had_VHD its_APPGE origins_NN2 in_II Africa_NP1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
This_DD1 result_NN1 supported_VVD our_APPGE prediction_NN1 that_CST spotted_JJ owls_NN2 would_VM respond_VVI to_II increased_JJ space_NN1 sharing_VVG with_IW barred_JJ owls_NN2 by_II expanding_VVG their_APPGE movements_NN2 to_TO include_VVI other_JJ areas_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Telomerase_VV0 expression_NN1 is_VBZ retained_VVN in_II certain_JJ cell_NN1 types_NN2 ,_, such_II21 as_II22 adult_NN1 stem_NN1 cells_NN2 ,_, mainly_RR in_II transiently_RR amplifying_VVG compartments_NN2 (_( reviewed_VVN in_II refs_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Despite_II unprecedented_JJ opportunities_NN2 to_TO hunt_VVI midcontinent_JJ snow_NN1 geese_NN2 in_II Canada_NP1 and_CC the_AT United_NP1 States_NP1 ,_, total_JJ harvest_NN1 apparently_RR has_VHZ not_XX increased_VVN sufficiently_RR to_TO outpace_VVI concurrent_JJ population_NN1 growth_NN1 and_CC result_VVI in_II harvest_NN1 rates_NN2 >_FO 0.05_MC ._. 
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<s>
The_AT synergistic_JJ influence_NN1 of_IO habitat_NN1 composition_NN1 and_CC plant_NN1 quality_NN1 on_II deer_NN body_NN1 condition_NN1 may_VM be_VBI masked_VVN by_II density-dependent_JJ effects_NN2 ,_, which_DDQ are_VBR difficult_JJ to_TO determine_VVI in_II heterogeneous_JJ landscapes_NN2 (_( Mysterud_NP1 et_RA21 al_RA22 ._. 
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<s>
2002_MC ,_, Herfindal_NP1 et_RA21 al_RA22 ._. 
</s>
<s>
2006a_FO )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
We_PPIS2 first_MD describe_VV0 some_DD of_IO the_AT key_JJ mechanisms_NN2 by_II which_DDQ cells_NN2 sense_VV0 physical_JJ signals_NN2 from_II their_APPGE microenvironment_NN1 ,_, and_CC we_PPIS2 examine_VV0 the_AT current_JJ model_NN1 for_IF physical_JJ linkage_NN1 of_IO the_AT nuclear_JJ envelope_NN1 to_II the_AT extracellular_JJ space_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Similar_JJ to_II the_AT glial_JJ PlexA/B_NP1 phenotypes_NN2 ,_, we_PPIS2 found_VVD abnormal_JJ glial_JJ migration_NN1 upon_II silencing_NN1 of_IO the_AT Slit_NN1 receptor_NN1 robo2_FO (_( Figures_VVZ 4A_FO and_CC 4B_FO )_) ._. 
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<s>
Similarly_RR ,_, the_AT synthetic_JJ seawater_NN1 used_VVN in_II this_DD1 study_NN1 has_VHZ negligible_JJ trace_NN1 metal_NN1 concentrations_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Paracrine_JJ interactions_NN2 between_II EEC_NP1 types_NN2 have_VH0 been_VBN best_RRT characterized_VVN in_II the_AT stomach_NN1 ,_, where_CS a_AT1 complex_JJ interplay_NN1 exists_VVZ between_II EECs_NP2 producing_VVG SST_NP1 ,_, those_DD2 producing_VVG histamine_NN1 ,_, and_CC those_DD2 producing_VVG gastrin_NN1 (_( 63_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Notably_RR ,_, the_AT weak_JJ link_NN1 between_II zooplankton_NN1 and_CC cyanobacteria_NN1 is_VBZ observed_VVN even_CS21 when_CS22 fish_NN predation_NN1 is_VBZ low_JJ (_( Dickman_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2008_MC ;_; Rondel_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2008_MC ;_; Lacerot_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2013_MC ;_; Hansson_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2013_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
In_RR21 particular_RR22 ,_, resource_VV0 availability_NN1 in_II our_APPGE study_NN1 area_NN1 likely_JJ was_VBDZ limited_VVN by_II the_AT unique_JJ distribution_NN1 of_IO land_NN1 ownership_NN1 ,_, which_DDQ resulted_VVD in_II a_AT1 fragmented_JJ patchwork_NN1 of_IO mature_JJ and_CC old_JJ forests_NN2 that_CST occurred_VVD almost_RR entirely_RR on_II public_JJ lands_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
In_II other_JJ words_NN2 ,_, CO2_FO can_VM influence_VVI the_AT reactions_NN2 of_IO ONOO_NN1 with_IW biomolecules_NN2 and_CC thus_RR attenuate_JJ or_CC potentiate_VV0 their_APPGE intrinsic_JJ activities_NN2 (_( Figure_NN1 1_MC1 )_) &lsqb;_( 3,6,7_MC &rsqb;_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
In_II the_AT gut_NN1 ,_, various_JJ family_NN1 members_NN2 including_II IL-1_MC1 ,_, IL-1_MC1 ,_, IL-18_MC ,_, IL-33_MC and_CC IL-37_MC are_VBR produced_VVN directly_RR by_II IECs_NP2 &lsqb;_( 72_MC &rsqb;_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
There_EX are_VBR also_RR cases_NN2 of_IO extensive_JJ intron_NN1 gains_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Single-camera_JJ MaxN_NN1 (_( SCM_NP1 )_) abundances_NN2 were_VBDR estimated_VVN by_II randomly_RR selecting_VVG a_AT1 single_JJ camera_NN1 from_II among_II all_DB four_MC possible_JJ cameras_NN2 (_( 89_MC FOV_NP1 )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
A_AT1 further_JJR 20_MC per_NNU21 cent_NNU22 of_IO organic_JJ and_CC 16_MC per_NNU21 cent_NNU22 of_IO conventional_JJ farmers_NN2 believed_VVD it_PPH1 could_VM be_VBI sustainable_JJ ._. 
</s>
<s>
In_II Moremi_NP1 and_CC Amboseli_NP1 ,_, females_NN2 '_NULL relationships_NN2 with_IW peers_NN2 were_VBDR similar_JJ in_II many_DA2 ways_NN2 to_II their_APPGE relationships_NN2 with_IW close_JJ kin_NN ._. 
</s>
<s>
More_RGR recently_RR ,_, Zhang_NP1 et_RA21 al_RA22 ._. 
</s>
<s>
(_( 99_MC )_) found_VVD that_CST B._NP1 subtilis_NN1 GB03_FO increases_VVZ the_AT photosynthetic_JJ efficiency_NN1 and_CC chlorophyll_NN1 content_NN1 of_IO A._NNU thaliana_NN1 through_II the_AT modulation_NN1 of_IO endogenous_JJ signaling_NN1 of_IO glucose_NN1 and_CC abscisic_JJ acid_NN1 sensing_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Incidentally_RR ,_, components_NN2 of_IO the_AT metabolic_JJ syndrome_NN1 --_JJ central_JJ obesity_NN1 ,_, elevated_JJ serum_NN1 TGs_NP1 ,_, and_CC impaired_VVD fasting_VVG glucose_NN1 --_NN1 are_VBR among_II the_AT strongest_JJT independent_JJ risk_NN1 factors_NN2 for_IF the_AT development_NN1 of_IO NAFLD_NP1 (_( 3_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
In_II fact_NN1 ,_, the_AT portion_NN1 of_IO the_AT genome_NN1 responsible_JJ for_IF protein_NN1 coding_NN1 constitutes_VVZ approximately_RR 1.5%_FO ,_, while_CS many_DA2 noncoding_JJ regulatory_JJ elements_NN2 are_VBR transcribed_VVN into_II noncoding_VVG RNA_NN1 (_( ncRNA_NN1 )_) ,_, the_AT implication_NN1 being_VBG that_DD1 ncRNAs_NN2 could_VM play_VVI significant_JJ regulatory_JJ roles_NN2 in_II complex_JJ organisms_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Chapter_NN1 11_MC ,_, which_DDQ reviews_VVZ structural_JJ descriptors_NN2 and_CC similarity_NN1 measures_NN2 commonly_RR used_VVN in_II the_AT diversity_NN1 analysis_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Comparison_NN1 of_IO UPF1_FO and_CC AGO2_FO binding_JJ sites_NN2 revealed_VVD some_DD significant_JJ overlaps_NN2 (_( Supplemental_JJ Fig_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
S3E_FO )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Nevertheless_RR ,_, virtually_RR all_DB studies_NN2 investigating_VVG the_AT human_JJ mirror_NN1 system_NN1 via_II TMS_NP1 have_VH0 used_VVN the_AT rather_RG unspecific_JJ MEPs_NN2 measurement_NN1 from_II just_RR a_AT1 few_DA2 muscles_NN2 during_II action_NN1 observation_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
GPR41_FO is_VBZ expressed_VVN by_II a_AT1 subset_NN1 of_IO IECs_NP2 and_CC controls_VVZ microbiota_NN1 effects_NN2 on_II energy_NN1 harvest_NN1 and_CC obesity_NN1 (_( Samuel_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2008_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Our_APPGE primary_JJ analytical_JJ techniques_NN2 stemmed_VVD from_II genetic_JJ analysis_NN1 of_IO 3,134_MC bears_NN2 ,_, supplemented_VVN with_IW radiotelemetry_NN1 data_NN from_II 792_MC bears_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT use_NN1 of_IO molecular_JJ data_NN ,_, in_RR21 particular_RR22 DNA_NN1 sequences_NN2 ,_, is_VBZ becoming_VVG increasingly_RR important_JJ for_IF testing_VVG and_CC improving_JJ classifications_NN2 ,_, especially_RR for_IF highly_RR diverse_JJ groups_NN2 of_IO organisms_NN2 such_II21 as_II22 insects_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
We_PPIS2 conducted_VVD a_AT1 series_NN of_IO structured_JJ English-language_JJ online_JJ searches_NN2 (_( see_VV0 Supplemental_JJ Information_NN1 )_) supplemented_VVD by_II a_AT1 hand-curated_JJ dataset_NN1 and_CC identified_VVN 417_MC unique_JJ websites_NN2 advertising_NN1 stem_VV0 cell-based_JJ therapies_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Moreover_RR ,_, this_DD1 review_NN1 can_VM also_RR help_VVI general_JJ readers_NN2 to_TO reach_VVI abasic_JJ view_NN1 for_IF this_DD1 realm_NN1 and_CC avoid_VV0 the_AT possible_JJ duplication_NN1 of_IO research_NN1 efforts_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
It_PPH1 was_VBDZ postulated_VVN that_CST the_AT overexpression_NN1 of_IO MT-1/2_FU in_II bladder_NN1 cancer_NN1 may_VM be_VBI a_AT1 result_NN1 of_IO overexpression_NN1 of_IO the_AT MT-1X_FO gene_NN1 (_( Somji_NP1 et_RA21 al_RA22 ._. 
</s>
<s>
2001_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Songbirds_NN2 offer_VV0 a_AT1 rich_JJ repository_NN1 of_IO natural_JJ behaviors_NN2 whose_DDQGE neural_JJ control_NN1 is_VBZ becoming_VVG increasingly_RR well_RR understood_VVN (_( &lsqb;_( Catchpole_NP1 and_CC Slater_NP1 ,_, 1995_MC &rsqb;_) and_CC &lsqb;_( Zeigler_NP1 and_CC Marler_NP1 ,_, 2008_MC &rsqb;_) )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Author_NN1 :_: Paul_NP1 G._NP1 Falkowski_NP1 Princeton_NP1 University_NN1 Press_NN1 (_( 2015_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Conversely_RR ,_, niches_NN2 such_II21 as_II22 the_AT vagina_NN1 demonstrated_VVD little_RR to_II no_AT decomposition_NN1 into_II regionspecific_JJ interactions_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT concept_NN1 of_IO ATP_NN1 as_II a_AT1 signalling_NN1 molecule_NN1 was_VBDZ initially_RR controversial_JJ ._. 
</s>
<s>
It_PPH1 is_VBZ worth_II pointing_VVG out_RP that_CST the_AT values_NN2 of_IO the_AT parameters_NN2 reported_VVN in_II this_DD1 section_NN1 refer_VV0 to_II the_AT walking_NN1 activity_NN1 ,_, which_DDQ is_VBZ the_AT one_PN1 of_IO interest_NN1 for_IF the_AT specific_JJ issue_NN1 dealt_VVN with_IW in_II this_DD1 paper_NN1 ,_, therefore_RR running_VVG or_CC jogging_VVG activities_NN2 are_VBR not_XX considered_VVN herein_RR ._. 
</s>
<s>
SSCs_NN2 maintain_VV0 spermatogenesis_NN1 throughout_II the_AT reproductive_JJ lifespan_NN1 of_IO males_NN2 via_II life-long_JJ self-renewal_NN1 and_CC differentiation_NN1 in_RR21 vivo_RR22 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Despite_II these_DD2 limited_JJ impacts_NN2 ,_, non-redundancy_NN1 was_VBDZ clearly_RR demonstrated_VVN for_IF gastropod_NN1 density_NN1 ,_, primary_JJ productivity_NN1 of_IO periphyton_NN1 and_CC certain_JJ physicochemical_JJ attributes_NN2 such_II21 as_II22 turbidity_NN1 and_CC nutrients_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Binding_JJ events_NN2 diverge_VV0 rapidly_RR ,_, indicating_VVG gene_NN1 regulation_NN1 is_VBZ an_AT1 evolutionarily_RR flexible_JJ process_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Microbial_JJ activities_NN2 throughout_II much_DA1 of_IO our_APPGE planet_NN1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 history_NN1 yielded_VVD the_AT setting_NN1 propitious_JJ for_IF the_AT evolution_NN1 of_IO plants_NN2 and_CC animals_NN2 ,_, the_AT setting_NN1 that_CST we_PPIS2 constantly_RR appreciate_VV0 in_II our_APPGE daily_JJ lives_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
In_II the_AT lymphocytic_JJ population_NN1 ,_, cadmium-induced_JJ MT_NP1 levels_NN2 determined_VVN by_II a_AT1 specific_JJ antibody_NN1 and_CC flow_NN1 cytometry_NN1 were_VBDR shown_VVN to_TO be_VBI higher_JJR in_II CD4+_FO and_CC CD8+_FO T_ZZ1 cells_NN2 than_CSN in_II B_ZZ1 cells_NN2 and_CC natural_JJ killer_NN1 (_( NK_NP1 )_) cells_NN2 (_( Yurkow_NP1 and_CC Makhijani_NP1 1998_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT synthesis_NN1 of_IO polyP_NN1 by_II the_AT ECM_NP1 fungi_NN2 appears_VVZ therefore_RR to_TO be_VBI a_AT1 key_JJ element_NN1 of_IO mycorrhizal_JJ functioning_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Recently_RR ,_, the_AT accessibility_NN1 of_IO specific_JJ epitopes_NN2 of_IO lamin_NN1 A/C_ZZ1 was_VBDZ shown_VVN to_TO be_VBI mechanoresponsive_JJ ;_; the_AT Ig-domain_NN1 of_IO lamin_NN1 A/C_ZZ1 is_VBZ less_RGR accessible_JJ in_II the_AT basal_JJ nuclear_JJ envelope_NN1 ,_, relative_II21 to_II22 apical_JJ ,_, when_CS the_AT cell_NN1 is_VBZ undergoing_VVG osteogenic_JJ differentiation_NN1 ,_, during_II cell_NN1 spreading_NN1 ,_, or_CC in_II the_AT presence_NN1 of_IO compressive_JJ force_NN1 (_( Ihalainenetal._NP1 ,_, 2015_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Rotation_NN1 and_CC vertical_JJ movement_NN1 of_IO the_AT magnets_NN2 apply_VV0 torque_NN1 and_CC force_NN1 ,_, respectively_RR ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT periplasmic_JJ domain_NN1 of_IO TolC_NP1 forms_VVZ a_AT1 a-helical_JJ tunnel_NN1 with_IW an_AT1 internal_JJ cavity_NN1 of_IO y20_FO A_ZZ1 diameter_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT Pearson_NP1 correlation_NN1 (_( denoted_VVN r_ZZ1 )_) between_II the_AT expression_NN1 score_NN1 and_CC a_AT1 variable_NN1 such_II21 as_II22 population_NN1 latitude_NN1 reflects_VVZ the_AT strength_NN1 of_IO association_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT binary_JJ vectors_NN2 harboring_VVG the_AT SU_NN1 or_CC SU_NP1 constructs_NN2 were_VBDR transferred_VVN into_II Agrobacterium_NP1 rhizogenes_NN2 18r12v_FO (_( Veena_NP1 and_CC Taylor_NP1 ,_, 2007_MC )_) ,_, a_AT1 disarmed_JJ variant_NN1 of_IO strain_NN1 NCPPB2659_FO (_( Combard_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 1987_MC )_) ,_, using_VVG electroporation_NN1 (_( McCormac_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 1998_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Also_RR ,_, TSPCs_NP1 express_VV0 porcupine_NN1 homolog_NN1 (_( Porcn_NP1 )_) ,_, which_DDQ is_VBZ necessary_JJ for_IF palmitoylation_NN1 and_CC secretion_NN1 of_IO functional_JJ Wnt_NP1 molecules_NN2 (_( Biechele_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2013_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Art_NP1 Ortenberg_NP1 Foundation_NN1 ,_, McIntyre–Stennis_NP1 grants_VVZ ,_, Montana_NP1 Fish_NP1 Wildlife_NN1 and_CC Parks_NN2 ,_, McGregor_NP1 Model_NN1 Forest_NN1 Association_NN1 ,_, National_JJ Fish_NN and_CC Wildlife_NN1 Foundation_NN1 ,_, Natural_JJ Science_NN1 and_CC Engineering_NN1 Research_NN1 Council_NN1 of_IO Canada_NP1 ,_, Parks_NN2 Canada_NP1 ,_, Pas_FW Lumber_NN1 ,_, Slocan_JJ Forest_NN1 Products_NN2 Ltd._JJ ,_, Tembec_NP1 Industries_NN2 Inc._JJ ,_, Novogold_VV0 Inc._JJ ,_, US_NP1 Geological_JJ Survey_NN1 ,_, US_NP1 Fish_NP1 and_CC Wildlife_NN1 Service_NN1 ,_, US_NP1 Forest_NN1 Service_NN1 ,_, US_NP1 National_JJ Park_NN1 Service_NN1 ,_, Wilburforce_NP1 Foundation_NN1 ,_, Yellowstone_NP1 to_II Yukon_NP1 Conservation_JJ Initiative_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT authors_NN2 would_VM like_VVI to_TO thank_VVI Neta_NP1 Nudel_NP1 ,_, Ido_NP1 Sagi_NP1 and_CC Yishai_JJ Avior_NN1 for_IF critically_RR reading_VVG the_AT manuscript_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
These_DD2 drugs_NN2 fall_VV0 into_II two_MC categories_NN2 :_: small-molecule_JJ inhibitors_NN2 that_CST target_VV0 the_AT ATP-binding_JJ site_NN1 of_IO the_AT intracellular_JJ TKD_NP1 (_( Shawver_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2002_MC )_) and_CC monoclonal_JJ antibodies_NN2 that_CST both_DB2 interfere_VV0 with_IW RTK_NP1 activation_NN1 and_CC target_NN1 RTK-expressing_NN1 cells_NN2 for_IF destruction_NN1 by_II the_AT immune_JJ system_NN1 (_( Reichert_NP1 and_CC Valge-Archer_NP1 ,_, 2007_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT above_JJ two_MC arguments_NN2 suggest_VV0 that_CST focal_JJ LOH_NN1 might_VM be_VBI an_AT1 underlying_JJ feature_NN1 of_IO neurologic_JJ diseases_NN2 ,_, which_DDQ would_VM be_VBI difficult_JJ to_TO detect_VVI by_II present-day_JJ genome_NN1 sequencing_NN1 approaches_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
It_PPH1 is_VBZ their_APPGE deregulation_NN1 ,_, such_II21 as_II22 during_II treatment_NN1 with_IW b-lactam_JJ antibiotics_NN2 ,_, which_DDQ causes_VVZ autolysis_NN1 (_( bacteri-olysis_NN1 )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
In_II31 addition_II32 to_II33 effects_NN2 on_II physiological_JJ homeostasis_NN1 ,_, the_AT changes_NN2 in_II muscle_NN1 mass_NN1 and_CC function_NN1 that_CST characterize_VV0 many_DA2 degenerative_JJ diseases_NN2 (_( 8_MC )_) may_VM contribute_VVI to_II disease_NN1 progression_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Mean_VV0 ,_, maximum_JJ and_CC minimum_JJ body_NN1 temperature_NN1 all_RR varied_VVN with_IW measurement_NN1 period_NN1 (_( P_ZZ1 <_FO 0.001_MC )_) but_CCB there_EX was_VBDZ no_AT statistically_RR significant_JJ (_( P_ZZ1 0.159_MC )_) breed_VV0 by_II measurement_NN1 period_NN1 interaction_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Libraries_NN2 are_VBR deposited_VVN on_II these_DD2 lanes_NN2 in_BCL21 order_BCL22 to_TO be_VBI sequenced_VVN ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT anticorrelations_NN2 of_IO these_DD2 tumor_NN1 suppressors_NN2 may_VM result_VVI from_II a_AT1 greater_JJR difficulty_NN1 in_II biallelically_RR inactivating_VVG tumor_NN1 suppressor_NN1 genes_NN2 in_II samples_NN2 with_IW extra_JJ copies_NN2 subsequent_II21 to_II22 WGD29_FO ._. 
</s>
<s>
Whole-genome_JJ analysis_NN1 technologies_NN2 ,_, including_II microarrays_NN2 and_CC next-generation_JJ sequencing_NN1 (_( NGS_NP1 )_) ,_, are_VBR fueling_VVG the_AT discovery_NN1 of_IO genetic_JJ variants_NN2 associated_VVN with_IW a_AT1 wide_JJ variety_NN1 of_IO human_JJ conditions_NN2 ;_; both_DB2 effect_NN1 size_NN1 and_CC allele_NN1 frequency_NN1 are_VBR critical_JJ dimensions_NN2 in_II associating_VVG genetic_JJ variation_NN1 with_IW diseases_NN2 and_CC other_JJ human_JJ conditions_NN2 (_( Bush_NP1 and_CC Moore_NP1 ,_, 2012_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
PERMANOVA_NP1 analysis_NN1 for_IF the_AT ITD-1_MC1 indicated_VVD no_AT significant_JJ differences_NN2 in_II the_AT trophic_JJ diversity_NN1 (_( p_ZZ1 N_ZZ1 0.05_MC ,_, for_IF all_RR )_) for_IF the_AT nematode_NN1 assemblages_NN2 (_( Table_NN1 3_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
In_II Gram-negative_JJ bacteria_NN2 ,_, the_AT catalysis_NN1 of_IO disulphide_NN1 bond_NN1 formation_NN1 occurs_VVZ in_II the_AT periplasmic_JJ space_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
In_II the_AT AMP-PNP-bound_JJ ,_, outward-facing_JJ Sav1866_FO structure_NN1 ,_, a_AT1 hydrophilic_JJ cavity_NN1 has_VHZ been_VBN observed_VVN ,_, thus_RR suggesting_VVG that_CST a_AT1 chemical_JJ mismatch_NN1 between_II hydrophobic_JJ drugs_NN2 and_CC transporters_NN2 might_VM be_VBI driving_JJ substrate_NN1 release64_FO ._. 
</s>
<s>
All_DB individuals_NN2 were_VBDR captured_VVN in_II mist_NN1 nets_NN2 using_VVG decoys_NN2 and_CC playback_NN1 of_IO conspecific_JJ song_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Treatment_NN1 with_IW 1–100_MCMC ng/mL_FU LPS_NN2 activated_VVD macrophages_NN2 '_NULL acid_NN1 and_CC neutral_JJ sphingomyelinases_NN2 (_( within_II minutes_NNT2 )_) ,_, with_IW concomitant_JJ increases_NN2 in_II cellular_JJ ceramide_NN1 ,_, C1P_FO ,_, and_CC sphingosine_VV0 levels_NN2 (_( 35_MC ,_, 36_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Thus_RR ,_, a_AT1 change_NN1 is_VBZ needed_VVN towards_II a_AT1 holistic_JJ approach_NN1 that_CST integrates_VVZ the_AT requirements_NN2 of_IO local_JJ people_NN with_IW those_DD2 of_IO the_AT species_NN ._. 
</s>
<s>
Many_DA2 institutions_NN2 have_VH0 responded_VVN to_II this_DD1 evolving_JJ landscape_NN1 of_IO health_NN1 care_NN1 by_II developing_VVG thoughtful_JJ and_CC creative_JJ approaches_NN2 to_II including_VVG the_AT consideration_NN1 and_CC analysis_NN1 of_IO genomic_JJ data_NN in_II their_APPGE curricula_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
We_PPIS2 thank_VV0 Frank_NP1 McNeil_NP1 for_IF the_AT critical_JJ review_NN1 of_IO the_AT manuscript_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
We_PPIS2 excluded_VVD regions_NN2 with_IW known_JJ oncogenes_NN2 or_CC tumor_NN1 suppressor_NN1 genes_NN2 or_CC with_IW more_DAR than_CSN 25_MC genes_NN2 from_II this_DD1 analysis_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Several_DA2 studies_NN2 investigated_VVD reagent-based_JJ and_CC ligand-based_JJ diverse_JJ libraries_NN2 ,_, and_CC libraries_NN2 built_VVD using_VVG diverse_JJ product_NN1 selection_NN1 rather_II21 than_II22 diverse_JJ reactants_NN2 led_VVN to_II more_DAR diversity_NN1 (_( 39_MC ,_, 57_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT detached_JJ leaves_NN2 of_IO the_AT incubated_JJ plants_NN2 were_VBDR used_VVN for_IF DAB_NN1 staining_VVG (_( Thordal-Christensen_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 1997_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Pontamine_VV0 fast_RR S4B_FO fluorescence_NN1 was_VBDZ carried_VVN out_RP with_IW 561_MC nm_FU laser_NN1 excitation_NN1 and_CC a_AT1 620_MC nm_FU emission_NN1 filter_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Analyses_NN2 of_IO CytB_NP1 sequences_NN2 ,_, unlike_II those_DD2 of_IO COI_NP1 ,_, found_VVD similar_JJ relationships_NN2 ,_, although_CS with_IW low_JJ support_NN1 ,_, to_II that_DD1 found_VVD in_II other_JJ genes_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
We_PPIS2 used_VVD the_AT Td-RAPD-PCR_JJ approach_NN1 to_TO eliminate_VVI artifacts_NN2 during_II RAPD-PCR_NP1 (_( Karaca_NP1 and_CC Ince_NP1 2008_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
However_RR ,_, to_TO be_VBI convinced_VVN that_CST this_DD1 correction_NN1 is_VBZ applicable_JJ in_II situations_NN2 other_II21 than_II22 that_DD1 of_IO a_AT1 specific_JJ covariance_NN1 structure_NN1 R_ZZ1 ,_, the_AT simulation_NN1 process_NN1 was_VBDZ extended_VVN to_II a_AT1 more_RGR general_JJ situation_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Moreover_RR ,_, Raleigh_NP1 et_RA21 al_RA22 ._. 
</s>
<s>
stated_VVN that_DD1 inhibition_NN1 of_IO MT-1/2_FU expression_NN1 in_II hypoxic_JJ cells_NN2 was_VBDZ observed_VVN only_RR in_II tissue_NN1 studies_NN2 ,_, while_CS in_JJ21 vitro_JJ22 study_NN1 of_IO cervical_JJ cancer_NN1 cell_NN1 lines_NN2 showed_VVD increased_JJ MT-1/2_FU expression_NN1 (_( Raleigh_NP1 et_RA21 al_RA22 ._. 
</s>
<s>
2000_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Developing_VVG a_AT1 mathematical_JJ theory_NN1 of_IO evolutive_JJ games_NN2 ,_, where_CS the_AT afore_CS mentioned_VVN feature_NN1 is_VBZ taken_VVN into_II account_NN1 ,_, isnot_VV0 an_AT1 easy_JJ task_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
For_REX21 example_REX22 ,_, first_MD considering_II the_AT effect_NN1 of_IO habitat_NN1 at_II a_AT1 distance_NN1 of_IO 8m_NNU ,_, females_NN2 failed_VVD to_TO discriminate_VVI between_II calls_NN2 broadcast_VVN at_II the_AT lowest_JJT elevation_NN1 across_II pond_NN1 (_( P8s0.0m0.0_FO ,_, δV=0.88514_FO )_) and_CC across_II open_JJ terrain_NN1 (_( O8s0.0m0.00_FO ,_, δV=0.78620_FO )_) (_( Fig.4c_FO ,_, bottom_JJ panel_NN1 ;_; calls_NN2 at_II 84dB_FO SPL_NP1 )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
It_PPH1 is_VBZ suggested_VVN that_CST even_RR under_RG deep-sea_JJ conditions_NN2 carcasses_NN2 ofmacrofauna_NN1 provide_VV0 niches_NN2 for_IF opportunist_JJ species_NN and_CC an_AT1 increase_NN1 in_II decomposition_NN1 rate_NN1 can_VM result_VVI in_II a_AT1 decreasing_JJ MI_NP1 ,_, as_CSA increasing_JJ food_NN1 quantity_NN1 favors_VVZ fast_RR reproducing_VVG species_NN ,_, with_IW low_JJ c-pvalues_NN2 (_( Bongers_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 1991_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
For_REX21 example_REX22 ,_, simply_RR overexpressing_VVG EGFR_NN1 or_CC the_AT insulin_NN1 receptor_NN1 in_II PC12_FO cells_NN2 switches_VVZ the_AT outcome_NN1 of_IO stimulation_NN1 with_IW EGF_NP1 or_CC insulin_NN1 from_II a_AT1 proliferative_JJ response_NN1 with_IW transient_JJ MAPK_NN1 activation_NN1 (_( as_CSA seen_VVN in_II wild-type_NN1 PC12_FO cells_NN2 )_) to_II cell_NN1 differentiation_NN1 and_CC neurite_NN1 outgrowth_NN1 ,_, with_IW more_RGR sustained_JJ MAPK_NN1 activation_NN1 (_( Marshall_NP1 ,_, 1995_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT mechanisms_NN2 of_IO current_JJ intron_NN1 proliferation_NN1 remain_VV0 largely_RR elusive_JJ ._. 
</s>
<s>
Morphologically_RR ,_, the_AT first_MD stage_NN1 of_IO vesicle_NN1 budding_NN1 involves_VVZ the_AT formation_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 membrane_NN1 invagination_NN1 called_VVN a_AT1 pit_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Phenotypic_JJ correlations_NN2 for_IF such_DA labile_JJ phenotypic_JJ attributes_NN2 therefore_RR largely_RR reflect_VV0 within-individual_JJ correlations_NN2 ,_, and_CC significant_JJ phenotypic_JJ correlations_NN2 should_VM not_XX blindly_RR be_VBI taken_VVN as_CSA evidence_NN1 for_IF between-individual_JJ correlations_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Beyond_II the_AT modeling_NN1 challenges_NN2 for_IF TGS_NP1 will_VM come_VVI the_AT data_NN management_NN1 and_CC processing_VVG challenges_NN2 ,_, both_DB2 demanding_VVG access_NN1 to_II supercomputing_VVG scale_NN1 resources_NN2 to_TO handle_VVI efficiently_RR ._. 
</s>
<s>
Elevated_JJ levels_NN2 of_IO ROS_NP1 have_VH0 been_VBN detected_VVN in_II almost_RR all_DB cancer_NN1 types_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
He_PPHS1 had_VHD a_AT1 number_NN1 of_IO skin_NN1 infections_NN2 ,_, including_II planar_JJ warts_NN2 restricted_VVN to_II the_AT forehead_NN1 ,_, presumed_VVD fungal_JJ infections_NN2 of_IO his_APPGE nails_NN2 and_CC severe_JJ Norwegian_JJ scabies_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Specifically_RR ,_, individuals_NN2 of_IO the_AT Uppsala_NP1 cohort_NN1 analyzed_VVD in_II the_AT Miller30_FO set_NN1 were_VBDR eliminated_VVN from_II the_AT Sotiriou29_FO and_CC Desmedt33_FO sets_VVZ ,_, and_CC individuals_NN2 of_IO the_AT Oxford_NP1 cohort_NN1 present_NN1 in_II the_AT Sotiriou_NN1 set_NN1 were_VBDR eliminated_VVN from_II the_AT Desmedt_NP1 set_VVD ._. 
</s>
<s>
Taken_VVN together_RL ,_, based_VVN on_II the_AT comparisons_NN2 of_IO available_JJ crystal_NN1 structures_NN2 ,_, it_PPH1 is_VBZ clear_JJ that_CST SWEET_JJ and_CC Pnu_NN1 transporters_NN2 (_( but_CCB not_XX GPCRs_NP1 )_) have_VH0 similar_JJ structures_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Yet_RR ,_, the_AT storage_NN1 and_CC broad_JJ sharing_NN1 of_IO biospecimens_NN2 and_CC data_NN make_VV0 it_PPH1 impossible_JJ to_TO describe_VVI in_II detail_NN1 or_CC even_RR to_TO foresee_VVI all_DB of_IO the_AT future_JJ research_NN1 for_IF which_DDQ they_PPHS2 might_VM be_VBI used_VVN at_II the_AT time_NNT1 they_PPHS2 are_VBR collected_VVN ._. 
</s>
<s>
Different_JJ mechanisms_NN2 underlying_VVG plastic_NN1 responses_NN2 generally_RR come_VV0 with_IW different_JJ costs_NN2 and_CC constraints_NN2 (_( Snell-Rood_NP1 et_RA21 al_RA22 ._. 
</s>
<s>
2010_MC ;_; Snell-Rood_NP1 2012_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
To_TO determine_VVI if_CSW the_AT sexes_NN2 were_VBDR responding_VVG differentially_RR to_II our_APPGE set_NN1 of_IO variables_NN2 ,_, we_PPIS2 used_VVD ANCOVA_NP1 to_TO compare_VVI models_NN2 that_CST included_VVD sex_NN1 as_II a_AT1 categorical_JJ covariate_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Techniques_NN2 used_VVN to_II measure_NN1 noneffective_JJ dispersal_NN1 (_( contemporary_JJ migration_NN1 )_) are_VBR beneficial_JJ because_CS they_PPHS2 estimate_VV0 the_AT number_NN1 of_IO migrants_NN2 within_II the_AT last_MD several_DA2 generations_NN2 (_( Wilson_NP1 and_CC Rannala_NP1 2003_MC )_) or_CC even_RR a_AT1 single_JJ generation_NN1 (_( Broquet_NP1 et_RA21 al_RA22 ._. 
</s>
<s>
2009_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Invasive_JJ alien_JJ decapods_NN2 (_( crabs_NN2 and_CC crayfish_NN1 )_) are_VBR common_JJ invaders_NN2 of_IO freshwater_JJ ecosystems_NN2 globally_RR ,_, causing_VVG changes_NN2 to_TO ecosystem_VVI services_NN2 (_( Lodge_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2012_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
PKC_NN1 isoforms_NN2 have_VH0 a_AT1 wide_JJ range_NN1 of_IO functions_NN2 and_CC mediate_VV0 the_AT effects_NN2 of_IO growth_NN1 factors_NN2 and_CC hormones_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Ongoing_JJ perceptual_JJ integration_NN1 of_IO these_DD2 elements_NN2 most_RGT likely_JJ recruits_NN2 connections_NN2 between_II sensory_JJ and_CC frontal_JJ areas_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
It_PPH1 can_VM be_VBI seen_VVN from_II Fig._NN1 2(a)_FO that_CST the_AT RP_NP1 of_IO normal_JJ EEG_NN1 looks_VVZ more_RGR random_JJ ,_, and_CC the_AT dots_NN2 are_VBR scattered_VVN throughout_II the_AT plot_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Classen_NP1 Immunotherapies_NP1 ,_, Inc._JJ v._II Biogen_NP1 Idec_NP1 ,_, 659_MC F._NP1 3d_NNU 1057_MC ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT processes_NN2 through_II which_DDQ that_DD1 tissue_NN1 arrives_VVZ in_II the_AT laboratory_NN1 might_VM be_VBI considered_VVN of_IO little_JJ importance_NN1 to_II many_DA2 bench_NN1 scientists_NN2 ,_, but_CCB we_PPIS2 suggest_VV0 that_CST the_AT field_NN1 of_IO stem_NN1 cell_NN1 research_NN1 would_VM benefit_VVI from_II an_AT1 active_JJ interest_NN1 in_II the_AT relationships_NN2 between_II those_DD2 asked_VVD to_TO provide_VVI tissue_NN1 (_( often_RR patients_NN2 )_) ,_, those_DD2 acquiring_VVG that_DD1 tissue_NN1 (_( often_RR ,_, but_CCB not_XX only_RR ,_, IVF_VV0 clinicians_NN2 )_) ,_, and_CC those_DD2 using_VVG that_DD1 tissue_NN1 (_( stem_VV0 cell_NN1 scientists_NN2 )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Plasticity_NN1 at_II parallel_JJ fiber_NN1 synapses_VVZ onto_II MLIs_NP1 was_VBDZ also_RR documented_VVN in_II the_AT cerebellum_NN1 (_( 81_MC ,_, Nevertheless_RR ,_, genetic_JJ aetiology_NN1 in_II approximately_RR half_DB of_IO patients_NN2 with_IW Mendelian_JJ susceptibility_NN1 to_II mycobacterial_JJ diseases_NN2 remains_VVZ unknown3_FO ._. 
</s>
<s>
For_IF the_AT second_MD field_NN1 trial_NN1 ,_, the_AT offspring_NN of_IO double_JJ homozygous_JJ HMA4_FO WT_NN1 and_CC double_JJ homozygous_JJ mutant_NN1 plants_NN2 (_( F3_FO generation_NN1 )_) were_VBDR used_VVN to_TO avoid_VVI genotyping_VVG efforts_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT effects_NN2 of_IO CSPGs_NP1 can_VM be_VBI neutralized_VVN by_II the_AT application_NN1 of_IO the_AT enzyme_NN1 cABC_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT reason_NN1 is_VBZ due_II21 to_II22 the_AT fact_NN1 that_CST the_AT presence_NN1 of_IO peer-pressure_NN1 can_VM facilitate_VVI cluster_NN1 formation_NN1 among_II the_AT individuals_NN2 ,_, whose_DDQGE behaviors_NN2 are_VBR inclined_JJ to_TO conform_VVI to_II the_AT majority_NN1 of_IO their_APPGE neighbors_NN2 ,_, similar_JJ to_II the_AT early_JJ report_NN1 of_IO cooperation_NN1 behavior_NN1 &lsqb;_( 88_MC &rsqb;_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
With_IW this_DD1 it_PPH1 is_VBZ easily_RR possible_JJ to_TO screen_VVI for_IF e._ZZ1 g._NNU the_AT different_JJ effects_NN2 of_IO abscisic_JJ acid_NN1 within_II all_DB relevant_JJ research_NN1 articles_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Information_NN1 on_II the_AT sensors_NN2 for_IF abiotic_JJ stresses_NN2 is_VBZ very_RG limited_JJ ._. 
</s>
<s>
Thus_RR ,_, an_AT1 effort_NN1 ismandatory_JJ to_TO go_VVI beyond_RL ._. 
</s>
<s>
Most_RGT importantly_RR ,_, cells_NN2 exhibiting_VVG this_DD1 surface_NN1 phenotype_NN1 were_VBDR ,_, in_II all_DB tissues_NN2 analyzed_VVD ,_, exclusively_RR perivascular_JJ ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT most_RGT directed_JJ and_CC specific_JJ attack_NN1 on_II the_AT bacterial_JJ surface_NN1 is_VBZ believed_VVN to_TO be_VBI imposed_VVN by_II antimicrobial_JJ peptides_NN2 and_CC proteins_NN2 present_VV0 in_II the_AT airway_NN1 surface_NN1 fluid_NN1 covering_VVG the_AT respiratory_JJ epithelium_NN1 and_CC within_II the_AT phagolysosome_JJ during_II infection_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Unfortunately_RR ,_, no_AT confirmed_JJ records_NN2 of?B._NNU torquatus?are_VV0 available_JJ in_II C?rrego_NP1 Grande_FW Biological_JJ Reserve_NN1 ,_, on_II the_AT border_NN1 between_II the_AT states_NN2 of_IO ES_NP1 and_CC BA_NP1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
We_PPIS2 refilled_VVD the_AT feeder_NN1 as_CSA needed_VVN to_TO ensure_VVI a_AT1 continuous_JJ supply_NN1 of_IO sucrose_NN1 solution_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
That_REX21 is_REX22 ,_, a_AT1 change_NN1 in_II one_MC1 of_IO two_MC interacting_JJ genes_NN2 (_( b_ZZ1 )_) alters_VVZ the_AT resulting_JJ three_MC traits_NN2 differently_RR than_CSN a_AT1 change_NN1 in_II one_MC1 of_IO three_MC loosely_RR interacting_JJ genes_NN2 producing_VVG the_AT same_DA traits_NN2 (_( c_ZZ1 )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
These_DD2 initial_JJ studies_NN2 suggested_VVD that_CST EZH2_FO was_VBDZ an_AT1 oncogene_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
There_EX were_VBDR approximately_RR twice_RR as_RG many_DA2 WC-A_NN1 cranes_NN2 as_CSA NC-N_JJ cranes_NN2 ,_, resulting_VVG in_II WC-A_NN1 cranes_NN2 being_VBG subject_II21 to_II22 5_MC times_NNT2 as_RG much_DA1 exposure_NN1 to_II hunting_NN1 as_CSA were_VBDR NC-N_JJ cranes_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Ribosome_JJ footprint_NN1 data_NN for_IF a_AT1 typical_JJ tuORFcontaining_JJ gene_NN1 ,_, the_AT transcription_NN1 factor_NN1 Dmtf1_FO ,_, and_CC a_AT1 ntuORFcontaining_JJ gene_NN1 ,_, Armc1_FO ,_, are_VBR shown_VVN in_II Figure_NN1 2A_FO ._. 
</s>
<s>
Using_VVG these_DD2 definitions_NN2 ,_, we_PPIS2 identified_VVD 392_MC and_CC 464_MC tuORF_NN1 genes_NN2 in_II control_NN1 and_CC Upf1_FO knockdown_NN1 cells_NN2 ,_, respectively_RR ,_, with_IW most_DAT (_( 347_MC )_) in_RR21 common_RR22 between_II the_AT two_MC sets_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
In_II 1_MC1 case_NN1 ,_, a_AT1 radio-marked_JJ male_JJ spotted_JJ owl_NN1 with_IW nestlings_NN2 was_VBDZ predated_VVN by_II a_AT1 great_JJ horned_JJ owl_NN1 ,_, at_II which_DDQ point_VV0 the_AT adult_NN1 female_JJ spotted_JJ owl_NN1 (_( also_RR radio-marked_JJ )_) abandoned_VVD the_AT nest_NN1 ,_, moved_VVD to_II a_AT1 different_JJ territory_NN1 ,_, and_CC paired_VVN with_IW a_AT1 different_JJ male_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Many_DA2 radioligands_NN2 probe_VV0 neurotransmitter_NN1 systems_NN2 and_CC depend_VV0 on_II sophisticated_JJ application_NN1 of_IO the_AT biochemistry_NN1 of_IO neurotransmitters_NN2 (_( Brooks_NP1 ,_, 2005_MC ;_; Brooks_NP1 and_CC Pavese_NP1 ,_, 2011_MC ;_; Hammoud_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2007_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Nevertheless_RR ,_, rainforest_NN1 taxa_NN2 seldom_RR fossilize_VV0 and_CC Soligo_NP1 etal_JJ ._. 
</s>
<s>
Given_CS21 that_CS22 UPF1_FO binding_NN1 occurred_VVD predominantly_RR to_II the_AT 39_MC UTRs_NN2 of_IO mRNAs_NN2 ,_, we_PPIS2 chose_VVD to_TO focus_VVI on_II messages_NN2 bound_VVN in_II this_DD1 region_NN1 for_IF further_JJR analysis_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Y463_FO in_II the_AT juxtamembrane_NN1 region_NN1 is_VBZ phosphorylated_VVN next_MD and_CC is_VBZ followed_VVN by_II Y585_FO in_II the_AT kinase_NN1 insert_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
In_II yeast_NN1 ,_, they_PPHS2 are_VBR methylammonium_NN1 permeases_NN2 (_( MEPs_NN2 )_) and_CC ,_, in_II animals_NN2 ,_, they_PPHS2 include_VV0 the_AT Rh_FO family_NN1 of_IO proteins_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Finally_RR ,_, our_APPGE deepest_JJT appreciation_NN1 for_IF wildlife_NN1 pilots_NN2 D._NP1 Savage_NP1 and_CC C._NP1 Anderson_NP1 for_IF their_APPGE dedication_NN1 to_II quality_NN1 data_NN ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT Nf1ob/_NN1 mice_NN2 display_VV0 a_AT1 high_JJ bone_NN1 mass_NN1 phenotype_NN1 caused_VVN by_II increased_JJ bone_NN1 turnover_NN1 accompanied_VVN by_II an_AT1 enrichment_NN1 of_IO nonmineralized_JJ osteoid_NN1 (_( 15_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
By_II 2002_MC ,_, Jansen_NP1 and_CC Mojica_NP1 coined_VVD the_AT acronym_NN1 CRISPR_NN1 to_TO unify_VVI the_AT description_NN1 of_IO microbial_JJ genomic_JJ loci_NN2 consisting_VVG of_IO an_AT1 interspaced_JJ repeat_NN1 array_NN1 (_( Jansen_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2002_MC ;_; Barrangou_NP1 and_CC van_NP1 der_NP1 Oost_NP1 ,_, 2013_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
There_EX were_VBDR seven_MC DNA_NN1 damage-related_NN1 genes_NN2 in_II this_DD1 intersection_NN1 (_( Fig.2_FO A_ZZ1 )_) ,_, compared_VVN with_IW fewer_DAR than_CSN one_PN1 expected_VVD by_II chance_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Also_RR ,_, more_DAR data_NN are_VBR needed_VVN on_II the_AT scaling_NN1 of_IO maximum_JJ muscle_NN1 stress_NN1 ,_, bone_NN1 mechanical_JJ properties_NN2 ,_, and_CC Fground/M_NN1 in_II small_JJ mammals_NN2 to_TO confirm_VVI if_CS these_DD2 parameters_NN2 are_VBR size-invariants_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Subjects_NN2 received_VVD all_DB four_MC behavioral_JJ assays_NN2 on_II a_AT1 given_JJ test_NN1 day_NNT1 in_II randomized_JJ order_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Upon_II reinfection_NN1 ,_, these_DD2 "_" memory_NN1 "_" NK_NP1 cells_NN2 undergo_VV0 a_AT1 secondary_JJ expansion_NN1 ,_, rapidly_RR degranulate_VV0 ,_, and_CC release_VV0 cytokines_NN2 ,_, thus_RR inducing_VVG a_AT1 protective_JJ immune_JJ response_NN1 (_( Sun_NN1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2009_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Anadara_NN1 trapezia_NN1 seem_VV0 to_TO like_VVI relatively_RR stable_JJ environments_NN2 and_CC thrive_VVI in_II temperature_NN1 ranges_NN2 of_IO 15-25_MCMC C_NP1 and_CC salinities_NN2 15-25_MCMC ppt_NNU (_( Rainer_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 1979_MC ;_; Nell_NP1 and_CC Gibbs_NP1 ,_, 1986_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Standard_JJ procedures_NN2 of_IO beetle_NN1 dissection_NN1 had_VHD to_TO be_VBI modified_VVN :_: the_AT beetles_NN2 were_VBDR placed_VVN individually_RR in_II an_AT1 embryo_NN1 dish_NN1 containing_VVG absolute_JJ ethanol_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT majority_NN1 of_IO mutations_NN2 that_CST lead_VV0 to_II DC_NP1 either_RR decrease_VV0 telomerase_VV0 complex_JJ activity_NN1 (_( such_II21 as_II22 that_DD1 of_IO dyskerin_NN1 ,_, TERC_NP1 and_CC telomerase_VV0 reverse_JJ transcriptase_NN1 (_( TERT_NP1 )_) )_) or_CC impair_VV0 telomerase_NN1 recruitment_NN1 (_( such_II21 as_II22 mutations_NN2 in_II TIN2_FO (_( refs_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
These_DD2 are_VBR the_AT best_JJT tests_NN2 of_IO demographic_JJ expansion_NN1 (_( Ramos-Onsins_NP1 and_CC Rozas2002_FO )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT binding_NN1 of_IO the_AT negatively_RR charged_VVN proline_VV0 rich_JJ salivary_JJ protein_NN1 ,_, PRP-1_MC1 ,_, to_II a_AT1 negatively_RR charged_VVN surface_NN1 was_VBDZ studied_VVN by_II MC_NN1 simulation_NN1 using_VVG a_AT1 model_NN1 in_II which_DDQ each_DD1 residue_NN1 was_VBDZ described_VVN by_II one_MC1 bead_NN1 that_CST was_VBDZ either_RR positively_RR or_CC negatively_RR charged_VVN ,_, or_CC uncharged_JJ (_( Skep?_NP1 et_RA21 al_RA22 ._. 
</s>
<s>
2006_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
We_PPIS2 hypothesize_VV0 that_CST this_DD1 cell_NN1 death_NN1 occurs_VVZ after_II formation_NN1 of_IO complexes_NN2 between_II CARD-containing_JJ NLR/PYHIN_NN1 proteins_NN2 and_CC pro-Caspase-1_JJ ._. 
</s>
<s>
Indeed_RR ,_, the_AT present-day_JJ human_JJ MSY_NN1 is_VBZ substantially_RR degenerated_VVN compared_VVN with_IW the_AT X_ZZ1 in_II both_DB2 euchromatic_JJ size_NN1 (_( ?23_FO Mb_NNU versus_II ?150_FO Mb_NNU )_) and_CC protein-coding_JJ gene_NN1 content_NN1 (_( ?78_FO genes_NN2 versus_II ?800_FO genes_NN2 )_) (_( 109_MC ,_, 122_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT newly_RR formed_VVN double-membrane_NN1 ,_, which_DDQ is_VBZ known_VVN as_II an_AT1 isolation_NN1 membrane_NN1 ,_, surrounds_VVZ cytosolic_JJ cargo_NN1 ,_, and_CC its_APPGE edges_NN2 seal_VV0 to_II sequester_NN1 the_AT contents_NN2 into_II the_AT autophagosome_JJ ._. 
</s>
<s>
Nutrient_NN1 solutions_NN2 were_VBDR changed_VVN after_II 3_MC weeks_NNT2 ,_, and_CC subsequently_RR renewed_VVD once_RR a_AT1 week_NNT1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Flexible_JJ family_NN1 care_NN1 spending_NN1 may_VM also_RR result_VVI in_II a_AT1 diversion_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 small_JJ amount_NN1 of_IO grant_NN1 funds_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT FM-index_NN1 is_VBZ usually_RR not_XX compressed_VVN for_IF better_JJR performance_NN1 during_II alignment_NN1 since_CS DNA_NN1 sequences_NN2 have_VH0 a_AT1 small_JJ alphabet_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
However_RR ,_, tip_VV0 cells_NN2 re-express_VV0 VEGFR3_FO ,_, and_CC its_APPGE pharmacological_JJ inhibition_NN1 diminishes_VVZ sprouting_JJ (_( Tammela_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2008_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Probe_VV0 labeling_VVG using_VVG 10_MC lg_NNU RNA_NN1 ,_, array_NN1 hybridization_NN1 and_CC scanning_NN1 were_VBDR performed_VVN according_II21 to_II22 the_AT manufacturer_NN1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 instructions_NN2 (_( Affymetrix_NP1 )_) for_IF eukaryotic_JJ RNA_NN1 ,_, using_VVG a_AT1 one-cycle_JJ protocol_NN1 for_IF cDNA_NN1 synthesis_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
At_II a_AT1 stringent_JJ probability_NN1 score_NN1 cutoff_NN1 ,_, our_APPGE method_NN1 finds_VVZ potential_JJ hole_NN1 fillers_NN2 for45%_FO of_IO the_AT pathway_NN1 holes_NN2 in_II a_AT1 microbial_JJ genome_NN1 &lsqb;_( 32_MC &rsqb;_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
T-tests_NN2 were_VBDR performed_VVN ;_; *_FU ,_, **_FU ,_, and_CC ***_FO indicate_VV0 levels_NN2 of_IO significance_NN1 at_II P<0.05_FO ,_, P<0.01_FO and_CC P<0.001_FO ,_, respectively_RR ,_, compared_VVN to_II the_AT WT_NN1 control_NN1 plants_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
For_REX21 example_REX22 ,_, SyStemix_VV0 Inc._JJ was_VBDZ a_AT1 1988_MC Palo_NP1 Alto_NP1 startup_VV0 that_CST identified_VVD a_AT1 method_NN1 to_TO prospectively_RR isolate_VVI and_CC transplant_NN1 clinically_RR relevant_JJ numbers_NN2 of_IO human_JJ HSCs_NP1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT production_NN1 values_NN2 let_VV0 it_PPH1 down_RP a_RR21 little_RR22 with_IW colour_NN1 plates_NN2 restricted_VVN to_II a_AT1 short_JJ group_NN1 at_II the_AT front_NN1 of_IO the_AT book_NN1 with_IW only_JJ black_JJ and_CC white_JJ illustrations_NN2 in_II the_AT text_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Inconsistent_JJ naming_NN1 makes_VVZ it_PPH1 difficult_JJ to_TO accurately_RR count_VVI existing_JJ cell_NN1 lines_NN2 and_CC can_VM cause_VVI confusion_NN1 about_II the_AT identity_NN1 of_IO certain_JJ cell_NN1 lines_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
We_PPIS2 demonstrate_VV0 the_AT cumulative_JJ evolution_NN1 of_IO an_AT1 adaptive_JJ structure_NN1 without_IW intentional_JJ design_NN1 on_II41 the_II42 part_II43 of_II44 the_AT participants_NN2 in_II the_AT experiment_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Academic_JJ stem_NN1 cell_NN1 biologists_NN2 and_CC those_DD2 clinicians_NN2 who_PNQS will_VM be_VBI responsible_JJ for_IF testing_VVG these_DD2 treatments_NN2 can_VM answer_VVI questions_NN2 that_CST are_VBR blocking_VVG a_AT1 particular_JJ path_NN1 to_II the_AT clinic_NN1 and_CC may_VM be_VBI able_JK to_TO take_VVI advantage_NN1 of_IO more_RGR favorable_JJ licensing_NN1 and_CC Material_NN1 Transfer_NN1 Agreements_NN2 (_( MTAs_NP2 )_) offered_VVD to_II academia_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
In_II these_DD2 studies_NN2 ,_, activity_NN1 in_II M1_FO mirror_NN1 neurons_NN2 seems_VVZ to_TO be_VBI associated_VVN with_IW the_AT mapping_NN1 of_IO others_NN2 '_NULL movement_NN1 low-level_JJ implementation_NN1 rather_II21 than_II22 object-directed_JJ goals_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
It_PPH1 provides_VVZ a_AT1 three-tiered_JJ query_NN1 paradigm_NN1 ,_, meaning_VVG that_CST three_MC different_JJ types_NN2 of_IO query_NN1 tools_NN2 are_VBR available_JJ ,_, each_DD1 of_IO which_DDQ represents_VVZ a_AT1 different_JJ tradeoff_NN1 between_II ease_NN1 of_IO use_NN1 and_CC query_VV0 power_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
A_AT1 possible_JJ link_NN1 exists_VVZ between_II the_AT endophyte_NN1 content_NN1 of_IO seeds_NN2 and_CC seed_NN1 quality_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
After_CS nuclear_JJ export_NN1 ,_, pre-miRNAs_NN2 are_VBR processed_VVN by_II a_AT1 Dicer_NP1 family_NN1 enzyme22_FO ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT total_JJ areas_NN2 of_IO each_DD1 brain_NN1 section_NN1 and_CC the_AT infarcted_JJ region_NN1 were_VBDR quantified_VVN using_VVG a_AT1 computerized_JJ image_NN1 analysis_NN1 program_NN1 (_( NIH_NP1 Image_NN1 Software_NN1 )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
For_IF all_DB mixed_JJ models_NN2 ,_, I_PPIS1 report_VV0 effect_NN1 sizes_NN2 in_II the_AT form_NN1 oftvalues_NN2 and_CC 95%_NNU confidence_NN1 intervals_NN2 of_IO intercepts_VVZ and_CC slopes_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
It_PPH1 should_VM be_VBI noted_VVN that_CST the_AT age_NN1 and_CC growth_NN1 conditions_NN2 of_IO the_AT plants_NN2 used_VVN in_II the_AT two_MC array_NN1 experiments_NN2 were_VBDR not_XX constant_JJ ,_, therefore_RR the_AT M._NN1 and_CC M._NN1 truncatula/Gigaspora_NN1 gigantea_NN1 induced_VVD genes_NN2 whose_DDQGE expression_NN1 did_VDD not_XX overlap_VVI ,_, do_VD0 not_XX necessarily_RR reflect_VVI unique_JJ differences_NN2 between_II these_DD2 two_MC AM_RA symbioses_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
In_II 1956_MC ,_, the_AT disappearance_NN1 of_IO A._NNU trapezia_NN1 was_VBDZ reported_VVN and_CC it_PPH1 was_VBDZ postulated_VVN this_DD1 was_VBDZ caused_VVN by_II a_AT1 sudden_JJ decrease_NN1 in_II water_NN1 temperature_NN1 (_( Plant_VV0 ,_, 1957_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Essentially_RR all_DB diploid_JJ cells_NN2 are_VBR endowed_VVN with_IW a_AT1 capacity_NN1 for_IF self_NN1 defense_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT funds_NN2 will_VM be_VBI used_VVN by_II Sernova_NP1 for_IF research_NN1 and_CC development_NN1 of_IO its_APPGE proprietary_JJ Cell_NN1 Pouch_NN1 System_NN1 ,_, and_CC to_TO finance_VVI its_APPGE upcoming_JJ first-in-man_JJ clinical_JJ trial_NN1 to_TO be_VBI conducted_VVN at_II the_AT University_NN1 of_IO Alberta_NP1 (_( Canada_NP1 )_) by_II Dr._NNB James_NP1 Shapiro_NP1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
As_II such_DA ,_, COEs_NP2 are_VBR expected_VVN to_TO be_VBI common_JJ among_II capital_NN1 breeders_NN2 because_CS any_DD event_NN1 which_DDQ hinders_VVZ the_AT rate_NN1 or_CC amount_NN1 of_IO resource_NN1 acquisition_NN1 storage_NN1 prior_II21 to_II22 the_AT breeding_NN1 season_NNT1 has_VHZ the_AT potential_JJ to_TO reduce_VVI the_AT amount_NN1 of_IO energy_NN1 subsequently_RR available_JJ for_IF reproduction_NN1 (_( e._ZZ1 g_ZZ1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Inger_NP1 et_RA21 al_RA22 ._. 
</s>
<s>
2006a_FO ,_, b_ZZ1 ;_; Inger_NP1 et_RA21 al_RA22 ._. 
</s>
<s>
2008_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
This_DD1 hypothesis_NN1 was_VBDZ tested_VVN using_VVG multiple_JJ intestinal_JJ neoplasia_NN1 (_( ApcMin/+_FU )_) mice_NN2 that_CST are_VBR heterozygous_JJ for_IF the_AT Apc_FO gene_NN1 and_CC considered_VVD a_AT1 classic_JJ model_NN1 for_IF CRC_NP1 pathogenesis_NN1 given_CS21 that_CS22 Apc_FO mutations_NN2 are_VBR present_JJ in_II most_DAT human_JJ CRCs_NP2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
After_II 17_MC weeks_NNT2 of_IO culture_NN1 ,_, perivascular_JJ cell_NN1 growth_NN1 again_RT slowed_VVD down_RP to_II a_AT1 PDT_NP1 of_IO about_RG 106_MC hr_NNU (_( Figure_NN1 4C_FO )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
LRC_NP1 appears_VVZ also_RR to_TO operate_VVI differentially_RR among_II mothers_NN2 within_II a_AT1 population_NN1 (_( i._MC e._ZZ1 at_II the_AT individual_JJ level_NN1 )_) based_VVN on_II social_JJ stress_NN1 ,_, age_NN1 and_CC the_AT number_NN1 of_IO previous_JJ philopatric_JJ offspring_NN (_( Silk_NN1 1983_MC ,_, van_NP1 Schaik_NP1 &;_NULL Hrdy_NP1 1991_MC ,_, Hiraiwa-Hasegawa_NP1 1993_MC ,_, Komdeur_NP1 etal_JJ ._. 
</s>
<s>
We_PPIS2 found_VVD marked_JJ differences_NN2 in_II olfactometer_JJR responses_NN2 of_IO A._NP1 fabae_NN2 aphids_NN2 to_TO host_VVI volatiles_NN2 depending_II21 on_II22 whether_CSW the_AT volatiles_NN2 were_VBDR presented_VVN together_RL as_II a_AT1 blend_NN1 or_CC individually_RR outside_II21 of_II22 the_AT blend_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
It_PPH1 is_VBZ hence_RR necessary_JJ to_TO consider_VVI both_RR ,_, the_AT initiation_NN1 and_CC the_AT time-course_NN1 of_IO the_AT processes_NN2 that_CST are_VBR responsible_JJ for_IF the_AT retrieval_NN1 and_CC the_AT bridging_NN1 of_IO these_DD2 elements_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Interestingly_RR ,_, Patterson_NP1 et_RA21 al_RA22 ._. 
</s>
<s>
(_( 12_MC )_) found_VVD that_CST the_AT change_NN1 in_II spine_NN1 fluorescence_NN1 produced_VVN by_II exocytosis_NN1 during_II LTP_NP1 induction_NN1 is_VBZ not_XX dependent_JJ on_II CaMKII_JJ activation_NN1 and_CC accounts_VVZ for_IF 10–30%_FO of_IO the_AT total_JJ fluorescence_NN1 change_VV0 that_CST occurs_VVZ during_II LTP_NP1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
All_DB sediment_NN1 descriptors_NN2 (_( grain_NN1 size_NN1 ,_, OC_NP1 ,_, Chl_NP1 a_AT1 ,_, CPE_NP1 and_CC Chl_NP1 a_AT1 :_: phaeo_NN1 )_) ,_, except_CS TN_NP1 and_CC C_NP1 :_: N_ZZ1 ,_, showed_VVD significant_JJ differences_NN2 between_II stations_NN2 (_( WD_FU )_) ,_, while_CS only_RR the_AT grain_NN1 size_NN1 fractions_NN2 differed_VVN between_II sediment_NN1 layers_NN2 (_( SL_NP1 )_) (_( PERMANOVA_NP1 ,_, p_ZZ1 <_FO 0.01_MC ,_, Table_NN1 S2_FO )_) ._. 
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<s>
Chapter_NN1 1_MC1 is_VBZ a_AT1 relatively_RR concise_JJ discussion_NN1 of_IO the_AT challenges_NN2 associated_VVN with_IW defining_VVG aggression_NN1 and_CC competition_NN1 and_CC related_JJ questions_NN2 in_II a_AT1 variety_NN1 of_IO species_NN ._. 
</s>
<s>
As_CSA shown_VVN in_II Figure_NN1 6C_FO ,_, NOX2-deficient_JJ BMDMs_NP1 had_VHD significantly_RR attenuated_VVN antimycobacterial_JJ activity_NN1 compared_VVN to_II WT_NN1 BMDMs_NP1 ._. 
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<s>
Coordination_NN1 of_IO ACh_UH with_IW amino_NN1 acids_NN2 in_II the_AT binding_JJ pockets_NN2 then_RT (_( partially_RR )_) overcomes_VVZ these_DD2 distortions_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
In_II other_JJ words_NN2 ,_, true_JJ genomic_JJ medicine_NN1 will_VM require_VVI moving_VVG beyond_II the_AT genome_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Implications_NN2 for_IF the_AT search_NN1 for_IF uniquely_RR human_JJ traits_NN2 are_VBR discussed_VVN ,_, along_II21 with_II22 ways_NN2 in_II which_DDQ conventional_JJ views_NN2 of_IO modularity_NN1 in_II psychology_NN1 may_VM need_VVI to_TO be_VBI revised_VVN ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT likelihood_NN1 of_IO this_DD1 pattern_NN1 occurring_VVG by_II chance_NN1 alone_RR is_VBZ negligible_JJ ._. 
</s>
<s>
It_PPH1 will_VM be_VBI key_JJ to_II not_XX "_" oversell_VV0 "_" new_JJ developments_NN2 in_II the_AT interest_NN1 of_IO trying_VVG to_TO attract_VVI funding_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Moreover_RR ,_, riparian_JJ forests_NN2 on_II small_JJ headwater_NN1 streams_NN2 in_II the_AT Oregon_NP1 Coast_NN1 Ranges_VVZ generally_RR receive_VV0 less_DAR protection_NN1 from_II anthropogenic_JJ disturbance_NN1 than_CSN larger_JJR fishbearing_NN1 streams_NN2 ,_, in_RR21 part_RR22 because_II21 of_II22 a_AT1 focus_NN1 on_II the_AT role_NN1 of_IO riparian_JJ vegetation_NN1 in_II fish_NN conservation_NN1 (_( Oregon_NP1 Department_NN1 of_IO Forestry_NN1 2010_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
A_ZZ1 Q_ZZ1 Exactive_JJ mass_JJ spectrometer_NN1 (_( Thermo_NP1 Scientific_JJ ,_, Bremen_NP1 ,_, Germany_NP1 )_) was_VBDZ used_VVN as_CSA detector_NN1 ,_, with_IW spray_NN1 voltage_NN1 3.5_MC kV_NNU ,_, capillary_JJ temperature_NN1 350_MC °C_NNU ,_, probe_VV0 heater_NN1 300_MC °C_NNU ,_, S-lens_JJ RF_NP1 level_NN1 50_MC ,_, and_CC sheath_NN1 and_CC auxiliary_JJ gas_NN1 at_II 35_MC and_CC 10_MC ,_, respectively_RR ._. 
</s>
<s>
High_JJ turgor_NN1 pressure_NN1 builds_VVZ up_RP within_II a_AT1 specialized_JJ structure_NN1 ,_, the_AT appressorium_NN1 ,_, that_CST the_AT fungus_NN1 employs_VVZ to_TO penetrate_VVI host_NN1 plant_NN1 tissue_NN1 (_( Foster_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2003_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
In_II this_DD1 section_NN1 we_PPIS2 characterize_VV0 this_DD1 correlation_NN1 in_II more_DAR detail_NN1 by_II studying_VVG the_AT LFP_NP1 around_II the_AT time_NNT1 when_RRQ an_AT1 action_NN1 potential_NN1 was_VBDZ recorded_VVN ._. 
</s>
<s>
While_CS aposematism_NN1 and_CC mimicry_NN1 are_VBR well-studied_JJ phenomena_NN2 among_II terrestrial_JJ animals_NN2 such_II21 as_II22 insects_NN2 ,_, snakes_NN2 and_CC frogs_NN2 (_( Mappes_NP2 etal_JJ ._. 
</s>
<s>
Our_APPGE CG_NP1 system_NN1 also_RR contained_VVD 182_MC octane_NN1 molecules_NN2 arranged_VVN as_II a_AT1 slab_NN1 in_II the_AT XY_FO plane_NN1 surrounded_VVN by_II 450_MC polarizable_JJ water_NN1 beads_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT discussion_NN1 between_II the_AT author_NN1 and_CC Jesse_NP1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 father_NN1 is_VBZ illuminating_VVG ;_; the_AT author_NN1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 quote_VV0 "_" the_AT prophets_NN2 were_VBDR in_RP for_IF profits_NN2 "_" stinging_JJ ._. 
</s>
<s>
Although_CS the_AT redundant_JJ pathways_NN2 regulating_VVG sperm_NN function_NN1 can_VM make_VVI our_APPGE ability_NN1 to_TO enhance_VVI or_CC inhibit_VVI that_DD1 function_NN1 seem_VV0 an_AT1 intractable_JJ problem_NN1 ,_, a_AT1 new_JJ focus_NN1 on_II lipids_NN2 might_VM provide_VVI more_DAR progress_NN1 than_CSN our_APPGE previous_JJ concentration_NN1 on_II protein_NN1 targets_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
They_PPHS2 can_VM be_VBI transmitted_VVN from_II the_AT vegetative_JJ parts_NN2 of_IO the_AT plant_NN1 to_II the_AT seed_NN1 via_II vascular_JJ connections_NN2 from_II the_AT mater-nal_JJ plant_NN1 through_II the_AT funiculus_NN1 and_CC chalaza_NN1 into_II the_AT seed_NN1 endosperm_NN1 as_II31 well_II32 as_II33 via_II the_AT micropyle_NN1 (_( Ivanoff_NP1 ,_, 1933_MC ;_; Rand_NP1 and_CC Cash_NN1 ,_, 1933_MC ;_; Samish_JJ and_CC Etinger-Tulczynska_NP1 ,_, 1963_MC ;_; Agarwal_NP1 and_CC Sinclair_NP1 ,_, 1996_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
In_RR21 vitro_RR22 ,_, the_AT sequential_JJ deposition_NN1 of_IO the_AT histone_NN1 subcomplexes_NN2 is_VBZ facilitated_VVN through_II the_AT use_NN1 of_IO salt_NN1 gradients_NN2 (_( 34_MC ,_, 72_MC ,_, 129_MC )_) or_CC through_II recombinant_JJ assembly_NN1 systems_NN2 pioneered_VVN by_II the_AT Kadonaga_NP1 laboratory_NN1 (_( 41_MC )_) ;_; in_RR21 vivo_RR22 ,_, histones_NN2 are_VBR safeguarded_VVN by_II a_AT1 diverse_JJ class_NN1 of_IO proteins_NN2 ,_, the_AT histone_NN1 chaperones_NN2 ,_, and_CC by_II chromatin_NN1 assembly_NN1 factors_NN2 (_( 1_MC1 ,_, 37_MC ,_, 90_MC ,_, 93_MC ,_, 98_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Infiltration_NN1 bag_NN1 samples_NN2 (_( n_ZZ1 =_FO 3_MC )_) were_VBDR collected_VVN during_II the_AT baseline_NN1 period_NN1 as_II31 well_II32 as_II33 2_MC ,_, 4_MC ,_, 7_MC ,_, and_CC 14_MC days_NNT2 after_II the_AT addition_NN1 of_IO salmon_NN +_FO clay_NN1 to_II the_AT channel_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
They_PPHS2 can_VM fly_VVI ,_, glide_VV0 ,_, swim_VV0 ,_, hop_VV0 ,_, crawl_VV0 ,_, gallop_VV0 ,_, trot_VV0 ,_, and_CC walk_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT entire_JJ experiment_NN1 was_VBDZ repeated_VVN three_MC times_NNT2 with_IW duplicate_JJ or_CC triplicate_VV0 technical_JJ replicates_VVZ ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT grid_NN1 size_NN1 seems_VVZ to_TO increase_VVI systematically_RR from_II the_AT dorsal_JJ to_II the_AT ventral_JJ parts_NN2 of_IO the_AT dorsocaudal_JJ medial_JJ region_NN1 of_IO the_AT entorhinal_JJ cortex_NN1 (_( 136_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
In_RR21 addition_RR22 ,_, gene_NN1 expression_NN1 was_VBDZ downregulated_VVN in_II Arabidopsis_NP1 leaves_VVZ that_CST were_VBDR mounting_VVG an_AT1 ISR_NN1 response_NN1 (_( Cartieaux_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2003_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
However_RRQV it_PPH1 also_RR shows_VVZ that_CST there_EX is_VBZ large_JJ rate_NN1 variation_NN1 within_II each_DD1 biological_JJ partition_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Photosynthesis_NN1 is_VBZ apparently_RR the_AT most_RGT important_JJ source_NN1 of_IO biomass_NN1 and_CC grain_NN1 yield_NN1 ,_, because_CS most_DAT of_IO the_AT dry_JJ matter_NN1 of_IO higher_JJR plants_NN2 is_VBZ derived_VVN from_II CO2_FO assimilated_VVN by_II photosynthesis_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT observed_JJ differences_NN2 in_II courtship_NN1 and_CC aggressiveness_NN1 were_VBDR stable_JJ ,_, while_CS the_AT differences_NN2 in_II attractiveness_NN1 disappeared_VVD over_II time_NNT1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Above_II the_AT threshold_NN1 friction_NN1 ,_, cell_NN1 velocity_NN1 is_VBZ roughly_RR constant_JJ whereas_CS friction-generated_JJ stresses_NN2 increase_VV0 (_( Fig._NN1 3b_FO inset_NN1 )_) ,_, highlighting_VVG that_DD1 cell_NN1 velocity_NN1 does_VDZ not_XX correlate_VVI with_IW the_AT amplitude_NN1 of_IO the_AT stresses_NN2 exerted_VVN in_II this_DD1 migration_NN1 mode_NN1 but_CCB is_VBZ dictated_VVN by_II the_AT velocity_NN1 of_IO the_AT actomyosin_NN1 flow_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Surprisingly_RR ,_, the_AT relevant_JJ repulsive_JJ signals_NN2 emanate_VV0 from_II the_AT epithelium_NN1 the_AT nerves_NN2 traverse_VV0 and_CC in_II the_AT absence_NN1 of_IO these_DD2 signals_NN2 ,_, glial_JJ cells_NN2 disperse_VV0 on_II the_AT leg_NN1 disc_NN1 epithelium_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Nonetheless_RR ,_, this_DD1 finding_NN1 quickly_RR motivated_VVN the_AT development_NN1 of_IO monolayers_NN2 to_II studies_NN2 of_IO biological_JJ problems_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
This_DD1 crosstalk_NN1 is_VBZ mediated_VVN by_II many_DA2 of_IO the_AT critical_JJ pathways_NN2 active_JJ in_II embryogenesis_NN1 ,_, including_II Wnt_NP1 ,_, bone_NN1 morphogenic_JJ protein_NN1 (_( Bmp_NP1 )_) ,_, sonic_JJ hedgehog_NN1 (_( Shh_UH )_) ,_, and_CC fibroblast_VV0 growth_NN1 factor_NN1 (_( Fgf_NP1 )_) (_( Peng_NP1 et_RA21 al_RA22 ._. 
</s>
<s>
2013_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
To_TO investigate_VVI the_AT stability_NN1 of_IO the_AT observed_JJ effects_NN2 over_II time_NNT1 ,_, all_DB behavioural_JJ tests_NN2 were_VBDR repeated_VVN about_II 4months_FO later_RRR ._. 
</s>
<s>
In_II experiments_NN2 ,_, adsorption_NN1 events_NN2 typically_RR take_VV0 place_NN1 over_II time_NNT1 periods_NN2 from_II milliseconds_NNT2 to_II hours_NNT2 which_DDQ are_VBR far_RR from_II the_AT accessible_JJ time_NNT1 scales_NN2 of_IO all-atom_JJ simulations_NN2 (_( Mücksch_NP1 &;_NULL Urbassek_NP1 ,_, 2011_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Science_NN1 is_VBZ always_RR "_" asking_VVG for_IF more_DAR ._. "_" 
</s>
<s>
The_AT distribution_NN1 of_IO our_APPGE tagged_JJ sample_NN1 of_IO cranes_NN2 during_II the_AT breeding_NN1 season_NNT1 indicates_VVZ a_AT1 vast_JJ area_NN1 of_IO central_JJ Canada_NP1 where_CS few_DA2 cranes_NN2 settled_VVD extending_VVG from_II near_RL Great_NP1 Bear_NP1 Lake_NNL1 in_II the_AT Northwest_NP1 Territories_NN2 to_II southwestern_JJ Nunavut_NN1 ,_, across_II northern_JJ Saskatchewan_NP1 ,_, northern_JJ and_CC southeastern_JJ Manitoba_NP1 ,_, western_JJ Ontario_NP1 ,_, and_CC northeastern_JJ Minnesota_NP1 (_( Fig._NN1 5_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
We_PPIS2 examined_VVD behavior_NN1 effects_NN2 using_VVG an_AT1 additive_JJ term_NN1 for_IF c_ZZ1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
As_CSA expected_VVN ,_, reduced_VVN H3K27me3_FO and_CC DNA_NN1 hypomethylation_NN1 were_VBDR both_RR found_VVN to_TO be_VBI significantly_RR associated_VVN with_IW activated_JJ gene_NN1 expression_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Additionally_RR ,_, Vishvanath_NP1 et_RA21 al_RA22 ._. 
</s>
<s>
raise_VV0 an_AT1 important_JJ point_NN1 that_CST the_AT HFD_NP1 we_PPIS2 employed_VVD ,_, despite_II inducing_VVG substantial_JJ increase_NN1 in_II fat_JJ depots_NN2 ,_, may_VM not_XX have_VHI been_VBN extreme_JJ enough_RR to_TO provoke_VVI substantial_JJ de_NP1 novo_NN1 adipogen-esis_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
If_CS so_RR ,_, how_RRQ did_VDD we_PPIS2 get_VVI them_PPHO2 in_II the_AT first_MD place_NN1 ,_, and_CC when_RRQ did_VDD things_NN2 begin_VVI to_TO change_VVI ?_? 
</s>
<s>
This_DD1 clade_NN1 has_VHZ been_VBN found_VVN in_II several_DA2 previous_JJ studies_NN2 ,_, although_CS internal_JJ phylogenetic_JJ relationships_NN2 were_VBDR different_JJ with_IW Seguenzioidea_NP1 as_II the_AT sister_NN1 group_NN1 of_IO Haliotoidea_NP1 and_CC Lepetodriloidea_NP1 (_( Kano_NP1 2008_MC )_) or_CC Haliotoidea_NP1 sister_NN1 to_II Seguenzioidea_NP1 and_CC Lepetodriloidea_NP1 (_( Williams_NP1 etal_JJ ._. 
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<s>
The_AT TGF_NP1 β_NULL pathway_NN1 had_VHD been_VBN solved_VVN ,_, to_II a_AT1 first_MD approximation_NN1 at_RR21 least_RR22 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT story_NN1 begins_VVZ with_IW the_AT recognition_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 strange_JJ and_CC consistently_RR fatal_JJ disease_NN1 of_IO sheep_NN called_VVN scrapie_NN1 ,_, or_CC la_FU tremblante_NN1 ,_, that_DD1 was_VBDZ known_VVN in_II France_NP1 and_CC other_JJ parts_NN2 of_IO Europe_NP1 from_II at_RR21 least_RR22 the_AT first_MD half_NN1 of_IO the_AT 18th_MD century_NNT1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Such_DA forces_NN2 are_VBR required_VVN at_RR21 least_RR22 for_IF the_AT dynamic_JJ movement_NN1 of_IO centrioles_NN2 and_CC for_IF centrosome_JJ separation_NN1 :_: disruption_NN1 of_IO GAS2L1_FO function_VV0 inhibited_JJ centriole_NN1 motility_NN1 and_CC centrosome_JJ disjunction_NN1 (_( Figure_NN1 2_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
Lukas_NP1 Mueller_NP1 developed_VVD PerlCyc_NP1 and_CC has_VHZ provided_VVN many_DA2 helpful_JJ suggestions_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
We_PPIS2 present_VV0 initially_RR the_AT elastic_JJ similarity_NN1 model_NN1 of_IO McMahon_NP1 ,_, which_DDQ is_VBZ based_VVN on_II Euler_NP1 buckling_VVG ._. 
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<s>
Plant_NN1 harvest_NN1 index_NN1 ,_, the_AT ratio_NN1 of_IO grain_NN1 weight_NN1 to_TO total_VVI plant_NN1 weight_NN1 ,_, was_VBDZ similar_JJ between_II wild-type_NN1 and_CC transgenic_JJ plants_NN2 (_( Fig._NN1 3_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
We_PPIS2 used_VVD tip-switch_JJ and_CC signal-fluctuation_JJ criteria_NN2 to_TO determine_VVI black_JJ bear_NN1 activity_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Thus_RR ,_, glycolysis_NN1 provides_VVZ a_AT1 metabolic_JJ platform_NN1 that_CST allows_VVZ ECs_NP2 to_TO perform_VVI diverse_JJ roles_NN2 in_II the_AT growing_JJ and_CC resting_VVG vasculature_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
A_AT1 small_JJ proportion_NN1 (_( 0.3%_FO )_) of_IO binding_JJ events_NN2 is_VBZ ultra-conserved_VVN ,_, where_CS binding_VVG to_II the_AT orthologous_JJ location_NN1 is_VBZ observed_VVN across_II all_DB five_MC vertebrate_JJ species_NN profiled_VVD &lsqb;_( 16_MC &rsqb;_) ._. 
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<s>
Coda_NN1 clicks_NN2 consist_VV0 of_IO high-repetition_JJ pulses_NN2 that_CST decay_VV0 more_RGR slowly_RR in_II intensity_NN1 than_CSN the_AT pulses_NN2 of_IO usual_JJ (_( echolocation_NN1 )_) clicks_NN2 (_( see_VV0 traces_NN2 in_II Fig._NN1 1_MC1 ;_; Madsen_NP1 et_RA21 al_RA22 ._. 
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<s>
2002b_FO ,_, Marcoux_NP1 et_RA21 al_RA22 ._. 
</s>
<s>
2006_MC ,_, Schulz_NP1 et_RA21 al_RA22 ._. 
</s>
<s>
2009_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Olfactory_JJ information_NN1 directly_RR reaches_VVZ the_AT CDL_MC but_CCB could_VM also_RR be_VBI transmitted_VVN via_II the_AT CPi_NNU (_( Figure_NN1 5_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Collectively_RR ,_, the_AT identification_NN1 of_IO genetically_RR diverse_JJ subclones_NN2 within_II single_JJ tumors_NN2 provides_VVZ strong_JJ evidence_NN1 that_CST intratumoral_JJ heterogeneity_NN1 can_VM be_VBI driven_VVN by_II the_AT unique_JJ mutation_NN1 spectrum_NN1 present_NN1 within_II each_DD1 subclone_NN1 (_( Figure_NN1 1_MC1 )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Rationally_RR defining_VVG the_AT relationships_NN2 between_II cell_NN1 types_NN2 and_CC the_AT molecules_NN2 they_PPHS2 produce_VV0 will_VM require_VVI a_AT1 cataloging_JJ process_NN1 that_CST is_VBZ likely_JJ to_TO take_VVI years_NNT2 but_CCB offers_VVZ the_AT potential_NN1 of_IO giving_VVG at_RR21 least_RR22 a_AT1 snapshot_NN1 view_NN1 of_IO participants_NN2 in_II the_AT orchestra_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
In_II this_DD1 section_NN1 ,_, we_PPIS2 focus_VV0 on_II fluorescent_JJ tools_NN2 that_CST enable_VV0 spatial_JJ resolution_NN1 of_IO RNA_NN1 molecules_NN2 within_II cells_NN2 ,_, which_DDQ have_VH0 advanced_VVN significantly_RR within_II the_AT last_MD several_DA2 years_NNT2 (_( Figure_NN1 2_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Unless_CS otherwise_RR noted_VVN ,_, all_DB antibodies_NN2 were_VBDR used_VVN with_IW a_AT1 1:100_MC dilution_NN1 :_: chicken_VV0 a_AT1 dCENP-A_NN1 (_( 1:20_VV0 ;_; own_DA antibody_NN1 )_) ,_, rat_VV0 a_AT1 dCENP-A_NN1 (_( 4F8_VV0 ;_; E._NP1 Kremmer/A_FU ._. 
</s>
<s>
Schepers_NN2 ,_, Helmholtz_NP1 Zentrum_NP1 Munchen_NP1 ,_, Neuherberg_NP1 ,_, Germany_NP1 )_) ,_, mouse_NN1 a_AT1 tubulin_NN1 (_( Sigma-Aldrich_NP1 )_) ,_, rabbit_VV0 a_AT1 dCENPC_NN1 (_( 1:200_MC ;_; C._NP1 Lehner/S_NP1 ._. 
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<s>
Heidmann_VV0 ,_, University_NN1 of_IO Zurich_NP1 ,_, Zurich_NP1 ,_, Switzerland_NP1 )_) ,_, rat_VV0 a_AT1 HA_UH (_( 1:20_MC ;_; 3F10_FO ;_; Merck_NP1 )_) ,_, mouse_NN1 a_AT1 GFP_NP1 (_( Mab496_FO ;_; D._NP1 van_NP1 Essen/S_NP1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Saccani_NN2 ,_, Institute_NN1 of_IO Research_NN1 on_II Cancer_NN1 and_CC Aging_NN1 ,_, Nice_JJ ,_, France_NP1 )_) ,_, and_CC mouse_NN1 a_AT1 v5_FO (_( Invitrogen_NP1 )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
We_PPIS2 are_VBR aware_JJ of_IO the_AT risk_NN1 of_IO overweighting_VVG data_NN from_II areas_NN2 with_IW only_RR a_AT1 few_DA2 localities_NN2 and_CC therefore_RR excluded_VVN all_DB grid_NN1 cells_NN2 with_IW fewer_DAR than_CSN five_MC localities_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
As_II such_DA ,_, these_DD2 sedimentrich_VV0 nearshore_NN1 systems_NN2 are_VBR likely_JJ to_TO function_VVI in_RP markedly_RR different_JJ ways_NN2 to_II ecosystems_NN2 on_II mid-_NN1 and_CC outer-shelf_JJ reefs_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Two_MC phenotypic_JJ attributes_NN2 are_VBR both_RR assayed_VVN repeatedly_RR but_CCB never_RR at_II the_AT same_DA time_NNT1 (_( scenario_NN1 4_MC in_II Table_NN1 2_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT poleward_JJ velocity_NN1 of_IO kinetochores_NN2 with_IW severed_JJ K-fibers_NN2 was_VBDZ also_RR variable_JJ and_CC could_VM exceed_VVI 10_MC ?m/min_FU but_CCB only_RR for_IF a_AT1 short_JJ time_NNT1 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT summer_NNT1 models_NN2 also_RR demonstrated_VVN good_JJ discriminatory_JJ power_NN1 within_II the_AT study-site_JJ SAEs_NN2 (_( Figs._NN2 11-13_MCMC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
A_AT1 connection_NN1 like_II this_DD1 would_VM provide_VVI a_AT1 structural_JJ substrate_NN1 for_IF the_AT imitation_NN1 of_IO speech_NN1 ,_, a_AT1 necessary_JJ first_MD step_NN1 for_IF language_NN1 learning_NN1 and_CC acquisition_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT function_NN1 of_IO MT_NP1 severing_VVG in_II this_DD1 process_NN1 is_VBZ unknown_JJ ._. 
</s>
<s>
In_II sum_NN1 ,_, clear_JJ explanations_NN2 of_IO the_AT types_NN2 of_IO research_NN1 and_CC potential_JJ health_NN1 and_CC genetic_JJ outcomes_NN2 help_VV0 donors_NN2 make_VVI voluntary_JJ and_CC informed_VVD decisions_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT acquired_JJ images_NN2 were_VBDR analysed_VVN using_VVG the_AT manual_JJ tracking_JJ plugin_NN1 of_IO ImageJ_NP1 and_CC the_AT Chemotaxis_NN1 and_CC Migration_NN1 Tool_NN1 (_( v2.0_FO )_) of_IO the_AT QWT_NP1 project_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Gene_NN1 disruption_NN1 has_VHZ defined_VVN their_APPGE essential_JJ individual_JJ roles_NN2 and_CC some_DD overlapping_JJ functions_NN2 (_( reviewed_VVN in_II detail_NN1 in_II REFS_NN2 24,124_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Plant_NN1 Signal_NN1 Transduction_NN1 aims_VVZ to_TO cover_VVI the_AT main_JJ known_JJ signal_NN1 transduction_NN1 mechanisms_NN2 ,_, namely_REX light_NN1 ,_, wound_NN1 and_CC mechanical_JJ stress_NN1 ,_, temperature_NN1 stress_NN1 ,_, dehydration_NN1 stress_NN1 ,_, salt_NN1 stress_NN1 ,_, plant_NN1 defense_NN1 responses_NN2 ,_, plant-insect_JJ interactions_NN2 ,_, and_CC the_AT role_NN1 of_IO active_JJ oxygen_NN1 species_NN in_II various_JJ signal_NN1 transduction_NN1 pathways_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Ng_NP1 et_RA21 al_RA22 ._. 
</s>
<s>
also_RR compared_VVD the_AT growth_NN1 of_IO wild-type_NN1 and_CC katG_VV0 M._NN1 tuberculosis_NN1 in_II iNOS_NN2 deficient_JJ mice_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Recent_JJ developments_NN2 and_CC applications_NN2 of_IO graph_NN1 theory_NN1 to_II biological_JJ networks_NN2 are_VBR reviewed_VVN ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT cellular_JJ basis_NN1 underlying_VVG the_AT switch_NN1 from_II physiological_JJ activation_NN1 of_IO the_AT p38_FO and_CC STAT3_FO pathways_NN2 in_II young_JJ SCs_NP1 (_( i._MC e._ZZ1 ,_, by_II regeneration_NN1 cues_NN2 )_) to_II age-associated_JJ constitutive_JJ activation_NN1 has_VHZ not_XX yet_RR been_VBN conclusively_RR demonstrated_VVN ._. 
</s>
<s>
Potential_JJ scale-reduction_JJ factors_NN2 in_II all_DB MrBayes_NN2 analyses_NN2 were_VBDR 1.00_MC ,_, showing_VVG that_CST runs_NN2 had_VHD converged_VVN (_( Gelman_NP1 &;_NULL Rubin_NP1 1992_MC )_) and_CC average_JJ standard_JJ deviation_NN1 of_IO split_JJ frequencies_NN2 for_IF partitions_NN2 with_IW frequency_NN1 >0.10_FO in_II at_RR21 least_RR22 one_MC1 run_NN1 approached_VVD zero_MC ._. 
</s>
<s>
In_II other_JJ cases_NN2 ,_, facultative_JJ symbionts_NN2 can_VM spread_VVI among_II lineages_NN2 without_IW conferring_VVG a_AT1 benefit_NN1 ,_, by_II manipulating_VVG host_NN1 reproduction_NN1 (_( reviewed_VVN in_II r_ZZ1 EF_NP1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
37_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Myofibroblast_VV0 depletion_NN1 coupled_VVN with_IW inhibition_NN1 of_IO checkpoint_NN1 blockade_NN1 using_VVG anti-CTLA-4_JJ antibodies_NN2 significantly_RR ameliorated_VVN tumor_NN1 burden_NN1 in_II mice_NN2 with_IW established_JJ PDAC_NN1 and_CC improved_JJ overall_JJ survival_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT engineered_JJ Slit_NN1 variants_NN2 indicate_VV0 that_CST the_AT generation_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 non-membrane_NN1 anchored_VVD diffusible_JJ Slit_NN1 isoform_NN1 is_VBZ sufficient_JJ ,_, and_CC flies_NN2 carrying_VVG a_AT1 Myc_NN1 tag_NN1 followed_VVN by_II several_DA2 stop_VV0 codons_NN2 are_VBR fully_RR viable_JJ ._. 
</s>
<s>
Obviously_RR ,_, dynamic_JJ signals_NN2 differ_VV0 in_II the_AT degree_NN1 with_IW which_DDQ they_PPHS2 may_VM give_VVI rise_NN1 to_II perceived_JJ regularity_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT mean_JJ weight_NN1 of_IO the_AT entire_JJ resin_NN1 reserves_NN2 for_IF the_AT six_MC colonies_NN2 was_VBDZ 7.792.01g_NNU (_( mean1s_FO ._. 
</s>
<s>
And_CC more_RGR recently_RR ,_, with_IW the_AT inclusion_NN1 of_IO the_AT topology_NN1 of_IO human_JJ driven_JJ networks_NN2 related_VVN with_IW thediseases_NN2 &lsqb;_( 5_MC &rsqb;_) ,_, theoretical_JJ epidemiology_NN1 arrives_VVZ at_II state_NN1 of_IO maturity_NN1 that_CST allows_VVZ us_PPIO2 to_TO make_VVI meaningful_JJ predictions_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Pepsin_NN1 or_CC papain_VV0 ECM_NP1 degradation_NN1 products_NN2 (_( Reing_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2008_MC )_) were_VBDR added_VVN to_II the_AT bottom_JJ wells_NN2 (_( 100_MC ug/ml_FU porcine_JJ urinary_JJ bladder_NN1 matrix_NN1 &lsqb;_( dry_JJ weight_NN1 &rsqb;_) pepsin_NN1 digest_NN1 and_CC 100_MC ug/ml_FU UBM_JJ papain_NN1 digest_NN1 )_) of_IO a_AT1 Neuro_NN1 Probe_VV0 48-well_JJ micro_NN1 chemotaxis_NN1 chamber_NN1 (_( Neuro_NP1 Probe_VV0 Inc._JJ ,_, Gaithersburg_NP1 ,_, MD_NNA )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Protein–protein_NP1 physical_JJ and_CC regulatory_JJ interaction_NN1 networks_NN2 provide_VV0 a_AT1 '_NULL scaffold_NN1 '_NULL by_II which_DDQ to_TO interpret_VVI other_JJ types_NN2 of_IO dynamic_JJ data_NN and_CC thereby_RR obtain_VV0 hints_NN2 about_II signaling_VVG and_CC regulatory_JJ pathways_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Aside_II21 from_II22 the_AT subtle_JJ differences_NN2 we_PPIS2 observed_VVD in_II proportional_JJ use_NN1 of_IO old_JJ forest_NN1 ,_, slope_NN1 conditions_NN2 ,_, and_CC riparian_JJ areas_NN2 ,_, spotted_JJ owls_NN2 and_CC barred_VVD owls_NN2 displayed_VVD broadly_RR similar_JJ patterns_NN2 of_IO resource_NN1 use_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Interestingly_RR ,_, miR-34a-mediated_JJ SIRT1_FO repression_NN1 was_VBDZ increased_VVN in_II diet-induced_JJ obesity_NN1 ,_, suggesting_VVG a_AT1 physiological_JJ relevance_NN1 for_IF this_DD1 interaction_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Whether_CSW it_PPH1 was_VBDZ ever_RR correct_JJ to_TO link_VVI SCNT_NP1 egg_NN1 donor_NN1 compensation_NN1 to_II the_AT issue_NN1 of_IO payments_NN2 for_IF therapeutic_JJ donations_NN2 is_VBZ neither_RR here_RL nor_CC there_RL ,_, for_IF in_II hindsight_NN1 we_PPIS2 now_RT realize_VV0 that_CST human_JJ SCNT_NP1 is_VBZ nowhere_RL near_II direct_JJ clinical_JJ application_NN1 ,_, and_CC may_VM never_RR be_VBI ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT sample_NN1 of_IO spotted_JJ owls_NN2 included_VVD 13_MC territories_NN2 where_CS both_RR pair_NN members_NN2 were_VBDR radio-marked_JJ ,_, 2_MC territories_NN2 where_RRQ a_AT1 single_JJ resident_JJ male_NN1 was_VBDZ marked_VVN ,_, and_CC 1_MC1 territory_NN1 where_CS we_PPIS2 marked_VVD a_AT1 female_NN1 that_CST paired_VVD with_IW a_AT1 radio-marked_JJ male_NN1 captured_VVN in_II an_AT1 adjacent_JJ territory_NN1 in_II the_AT previous_JJ year_NNT1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
With_IW rapid_JJ advances_NN2 in_II fluorescent_JJ tool_NN1 development_NN1 and_CC improvements_NN2 in_II microscopy_NN1 platforms_NN2 ,_, the_AT most_RGT significant_JJ challenges_NN2 currently_RR facing_VVG the_AT field_NN1 are_VBR new_JJ methods_NN2 for_IF processing_VVG and_CC interpreting_VVG the_AT vast_JJ amounts_NN2 of_IO data_NN being_VBG generated_VVN by_II fluorescence_NN1 microscopy_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
In_RR21 addition_RR22 ,_, a_AT1 comparison_NN1 of_IO gene_NN1 expression_NN1 in_II tolerant_JJ Daphnia_NN1 feeding_VVG on_II a_AT1 MC-producing_NP1 Microcystis_NP1 genotype_NN1 (_( PCC7906_FO )_) vs._II an_AT1 identical_JJ genotype_NN1 with_IW the_AT MC_NN1 gene_NN1 "_" knocked_VVD out_RP "_" (_( PCC7806MUT_FO )_) showed_VVD differential_JJ expression_NN1 of_IO "_" transporter_NN1 "_" genes_NN2 that_CST may_VM be_VBI involved_JJ in_II assimilation_NN1 (_( Schwarzenberger_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2014_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
In_II other_JJ words_NN2 in_II Eigen_NP1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 model_VV0 the_AT occurrence_NN1 of_IO mutation_NN1 isrestricted_VVD to_II the_AT reproductive_JJ process_NN1 whereas_CS mutation_NN1 is_VBZ happening_NN1 decoupled_VVD from_II reproduction_NN1 in_II Crow–Kimura_NP1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Human_JJ liver_NN1 is_VBZ considered_VVN unless_CS otherwise_RR noted_VVN ._. 
</s>
<s>
This_DD1 strategy_NN1 allows_VVZ the_AT support_NN1 of_IO use_NN1 cases_NN2 where_RRQ the_AT data_NN generator_NN1 has_VHZ imposed_VVN restrictions_NN2 on_II its_APPGE redistribution_NN1 (_( for_REX21 example_REX22 ,_, in_II dbGAP_NN1 )_) or_CC when_RRQ data_NN volumes_NN2 are_VBR sufficient_JJ to_TO preclude_VVI hosting_VVG in_II the_AT public_JJ cloud_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
They_PPHS2 proliferate_VV0 vigorously_RR after_II injury_NN1 ,_, and_CC the_AT daughter_NN1 cells_NN2 leave_VV0 the_AT blood_NN1 vessel_NN1 wall_NN1 and_CC differentiate_VV0 into_II fibroblasts_NN2 or_CC myofibroblasts_NN2 ,_, which_DDQ deposit_VV0 the_AT abundant_JJ extracellular_JJ matrix_NN1 of_IO the_AT scar_NN1 (_( Go_VV0 ritz_NN1 et_RA21 al_RA22 ._. 
</s>
<s>
2011_MC )_) (_( Figure_NN1 4_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
In_II Section_NN1 2_MC ,_, we_PPIS2 will_VM focus_VVI on_II the_AT disease–behavior_NN1 dynamics_NN of_IO homogeneously_RR mixed_VVN populations_NN2 ,_, and_CC discuss_VV0 when_RRQ the_AT homogeneous_JJ mixing_NN1 approximation_NN1 is_VBZ or_CC is_VBZ not_XX valid_JJ ._. 
</s>
<s>
CO_NP1 not_XX only_RR mediates_VVZ some_DD of_IO the_AT anti-inflammatory_JJ effects_NN2 of_IO IL-10_MC (_( Lee_NP1 and_CC Chau_NP1 ,_, 2002_MC )_) ,_, but_CCB also_RR enhances_VVZ IL-10_MC expression_NN1 and_CC suppresses_VVZ LPS-induced_JJ production_NN1 of_IO TNF-a_NP1 (_( Otterbein_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2000_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Moreover_RR ,_, low_JJ growth_NN1 rates_NN2 may_VM affect_VVI fitness_NN1 consequences_NN2 of_IO surviving_JJ birds_NN2 (_( Lindstr?m_NP1 1999_MC ,_, Catlin_NP1 et_RA21 al_RA22 ._. 
</s>
<s>
2014_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT authors_NN2 also_RR thank_VV0 Stephanie_NP1 Peay_NP1 ,_, Ian_NP1 Marshall_NP1 ,_, the_AT laboratory_NN1 and_CC support_VV0 staff_NN at_II the_AT University_NN1 of_IO Leeds_NP1 Field_NP1 Research_NN1 Unit_NN1 and_CC School_NN1 of_IO Geography_NN1 ,_, Alasdair_NP1 Fagan_NP1 ,_, Ryan_NP1 Ward_NP1 ,_, Nigel_NP1 Taylor_NP1 and_CC Paula_NP1 Rosewarne_NP1 for_IF assistance_NN1 with_IW the_AT project_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Thus_RR ,_, while_CS individual_JJ male_JJ water_NN1 striders_NN2 may_VM indeed_RR trade-off_NN1 mate_NN1 guarding_VVG and_CC mating_JJ frequency_NN1 ,_, other_JJ mechanisms_NN2 clearly_RR influence_VV0 male_JJ mating_JJ exclusivity_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Huh7.5.1_FO or_CC PHHs_NP1 were_VBDR transduced_VVN to_TO express_VVI the_AT HRas_NP2 V12_FO mutant_NN1 and_CC 72_MC hr_NNU later_RRR evaluated_VVN for_IF their_APPGE HCVpp_NP1 permissivity_NN1 in_II the_AT presence_NN1 or_CC absence_NN1 of_IO 10_MC mM_NNU erlotinib_NN1 (_( Figures_VVZ 4E_FO and_CC 4F_RA )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Currently_RR ,_, the_AT northern_JJ bobwhite_NN1 does_VDZ not_XX occur_VVI south_ND1 of_IO northernmost_JJ Guatemala_NP1 and_CC is_VBZ absent_JJ from_II the_AT Yucatán_JJ Peninsula_NN1 and_CC the_AT Pacific_NP1 slope_NN1 of_IO México_NP1 from_II southern_JJ Nayarit_NN1 and_CC northern_JJ Sonora_NP1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Crystalline_JJ silica_NN1 has_VHZ a_AT1 dense_JJ ordered_JJ network_NN1 of_IO geminal_JJ hydrogen-bonded_JJ silanol_NN1 groups_NN2 leading_VVG to_II ordered_JJ water_NN1 layers_NN2 (_( Notman_NP1 &;_NULL Walsh_NP1 ,_, 2009_MC )_) (_( see_VV0 Fig._NN1 9_MC )_) ,_, while_CS amorphous_JJ silica_NN1 has_VHZ isolated_VVN geminal_JJ and_CC hydrogen-bonded_JJ silanol_NN1 groups_NN2 resulting_VVG in_II only_RR locally_RR ordered_VVN regions_NN2 of_IO water_NN1 molecules_NN2 and_CC hydroxyl_NN1 groups_NN2 (_( Aarts_NP1 et_RA21 al_RA22 ._. 
</s>
<s>
2005_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
At_II the_AT end_NN1 of_IO this_DD1 section_NN1 Carroll_NP1 points_VVZ to_II how_RRQ life_NN1 "_" from_II the_AT molecular_JJ scale_NN1 all_DB the_AT way_NN1 up_II21 to_II22 the_AT ecological_JJ scale_NN1 --_NN1 is_VBZ usually_RR governed_VVN by_II longer_JJR chains_NN2 of_IO interactions_NN2 than_CSN we_PPIS2 first_MD imagine_VV0 ,_, with_IW more_DAR links_NN2 in_RL21 between_RL22 "_" ._. 
</s>
<s>
To_II these_DD2 controls_NN2 ,_, one_PN1 possibly_RR needs_VVZ to_TO add_VVI potential_JJ phloem_NN1 transport_NN1 limitations_NN2 in_II tall_JJ trees_NN2 (_( e._ZZ1 g_ZZ1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Thompson_NP1 2006_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
On_II a_AT1 global_JJ scale_NN1 ,_, nematodes_NN2 are_VBR the_AT most_RGT abundant_JJ metazoans_NN2 and_CC their_APPGE high_JJ diversity_NN1 has_VHZ been_VBN used_VVN as_II a_AT1 tool_NN1 to_TO assess_VVI the_AT functioning_NN1 of_IO ecosystems_NN2 (_( Heip_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 1985_MC ;_; Ingels_NN2 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2012_MC ;_; Santorufo_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2012_MC ;_; Schratzberger_NP1 and_CC Ingels_NP2 ,_, 2017_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT complexes_NN2 are_VBR not_XX randomly_RR distributed_VVN within_II the_AT inner_JJ mitochondrial_JJ membrane_NN1 ,_, but_CCB assemble_VV0 into_II supramolecular_JJ structures_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
It_PPH1 can_VM also_RR be_VBI argued_VVN that_CST prolonged_JJ delay_NN1 in_II nutrient_NN1 management_NN1 is_VBZ likely_JJ to_TO further_RRR extend_VVI the_AT lag_NN1 before_II any_DD sustained_JJ improvement_NN1 occurs_VVZ ._. 
</s>
<s>
Prokaryotic_JJ microorganisms_NN2 are_VBR widespread_JJ in_II all_DB the_AT environments_NN2 on_II Earth_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
There_EX are_VBR three_MC main_JJ components_NN2 of_IO Social_JJ Marketing_NN1 Theory_NN1 ,_, including_II 1_MC1 )_) the_AT audience_NN1 has_VHZ a_AT1 major_JJ role_NN1 in_II the_AT development_NN1 process_NN1 ;_; 2_MC )_) it_PPH1 is_VBZ of_IO benefit_NN1 to_II society_NN1 and_CC individuals_NN2 ;_; and_CC 3_MC )_) the_AT focus_NN1 is_VBZ on_II behavior_NN1 rather_II21 than_II22 attitude_NN1 change_NN1 and_CC awareness_NN1 (_( 1_MC1 )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT initial_JJ dependence_NN1 on_II body_NN1 mass_NN1 (_( parameter_NN1 a_AT1 in_II Eq._NP1 )_) was_VBDZ estimated_VVN to_TO be_VBI 0.015_MC (_( 95%_NNU CI_FO :_: 3.60_MC x_ZZ1 10-3_MCMC ,_, 0.0615_MC )_) ,_, and_CC the_AT mass-scaling_JJ exponent_NN1 (_( b_ZZ1 )_) was_VBDZ estimated_VVN to_TO be_VBI 0.95_MC (_( 95%_NNU :_: CI_FO 0.59_MC ,_, 1.31_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
This_DD1 consumer-driven_JJ change_NN1 has_VHZ resulted_VVN in_II many_DA2 positive_JJ outcomes_NN2 for_IF animals_NN2 including_II more_RGR ethical_JJ housing_NN1 for_IF birds_NN2 and_CC pigs_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Arabidopsis_NN1 genome_NN1 information_NN1 allowed_VVD identification_NN1 of_IO 20_MC MAP_NN1 kinases_NN2 ,_, 10_MC MAP_NN1 kinase_NN1 kinases_NN2 ,_, and_CC 60_MC MAP_NN1 kinase_NN1 kinase_NN1 kinases_NN2 (_( Ichimura_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2002_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Downstream_JJ signaling_NN1 is_VBZ then_RT initiated_VVN via_II in_II trans_NN2 phosphorylation_NN1 of_IO Tyr_NN1 residues_NN2 located_VVN in_II the_AT COOH_NN1 tail_NN1 of_IO dimerized_JJ receptors_NN2 (_( Lemmon_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2014_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT role_NN1 of_IO vlPFC_NNU in_II modulating_VVG amygdala_NN1 response_NN1 to_II a_AT1 potential_JJ social_JJ threat_NN1 suggests_VVZ that_CST socially_RR anxious_JJ adolescents_NN2 are_VBR attempting_VVG to_TO redirect_VVI their_APPGE attention_NN1 away_II21 from_II22 and/or_CC regulate_VV0 their_APPGE emotional_JJ reaction_NN1 during_II the_AT anticipation_NN1 of_IO rejection_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
It_PPH1 remains_VVZ unknown_JJ how_RGQ distinct_JJ MAMP_NN1 perception_NN1 activates_VVZ the_AT convergent_JJ immune_JJ responses_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Knowing_VVG the_AT residues_NN2 in_II P1B-2_MC ATPases_VVZ that_CST are_VBR involved_JJ in_II Zn_NP1 binding_JJ and_CC channelling_VVG ,_, one_MC1 of_IO the_AT most_RGT elegant_JJ approaches_NN2 would_VM be_VBI the_AT identification_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 mutation_NN1 in_II the_AT transmembrane_NN1 domains_NN2 that_CST would_VM lead_VVI to_II inhibition_NN1 of_IO Cd_NN1 but_CCB not_XX Zn_NP1 transport_NN1 (_( Wang_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2014a_FO )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Indeed_RR ,_, maladaptive_JJ repair_NN1 responses_NN2 are_VBR seen_VVN after_II chronic_JJ injury_NN1 with_IW this_DD1 reduced_VVD epithelial_JJ repair_NN1 ,_, triggering_VVG tubulointerstitial_JJ fibrosis_NN1 (_( Yang_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2011_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Of_IO note_NN1 ,_, there_EX was_VBDZ one_MC1 report_NN1 of_IO an_AT1 adverse_JJ reaction_NN1 to_II receiving_VVG personal_JJ WGS_NP1 results_NN2 ,_, but_CCB overall_RR most_DAT the_AT of_IO participating_JJ students_NN2 experienced_VVD low_JJ results-related_JJ distress_NN1 and_CC regret_NN1 &lsqb;_( 14_MC &rsqb;_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Interestingly_RR ,_, embryos_NN2 exposed_VVN to_II gestational_JJ hypoxia_NN1 (_( Figure_NN1 S3E_FO )_) and_CC TnT/Vhl_FU mutants_NN2 (_( Figure_NN1 S6B_FO )_) present_VV0 a_AT1 similar_JJ glycolytic_JJ signature_NN1 by_II E14.5_FO ,_, with_IW higher_JJR trabecular_JJ Glut1_FO expression_NN1 than_CSN control_NN1 littermates_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
TisB-producing_JJ cells_NN2 also_RR survived_VVD exposure_NN1 to_II streptomycin_NN1 ,_, a_AT1 protein_NN1 synthesis_NN1 inhibitor_NN1 ,_, 100-fold_JJ better_JJR than_CSN the_AT control_NN1 strain_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
There_EX was_VBDZ one_MC1 small_JJ feeding_JJ hole_NN1 ,_, so_RG only_RR one_MC1 bird_NN1 could_VM feed_VVI at_II a_AT1 time_NNT1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Although_CS bacteria_NN2 ,_, protozoa_NN1 ,_, and_CC fungi_NN2 also_RR play_VV0 a_AT1 role_NN1 in_II HIV_NP1 pathogenesis_NN1 ,_, we_PPIS2 limit_VV0 our_APPGE review_NN1 to_II the_AT interactions_NN2 between_II HIV_NP1 and_CC coinfecting_VVG viruses_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Band_NN1 intensities_NN2 were_VBDR quantified_VVN using_VVG ImageJ_NP1 (_( ref._NN1 67_MC )_) and_CC normalized_VVD to_II the_AT control_NN1 lane_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Water_NN1 level_NN1 is_VBZ a_AT1 key_JJ factor_NN1 that_CST is_VBZ likely_JJ to_TO affect_VVI future_JJ hypoxia_NN1 formation_NN1 ,_, but_CCB much_DA1 uncertainty_NN1 exists_VVZ in_II predicting_VVG the_AT effects_NN2 of_IO climate_NN1 change_NN1 on_II Great_JJ Lakes_NN2 water_NN1 levels_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT relative_JJ merits_NN2 of_IO frequentist_NN1 and_CC Bayesian_JJ inference_NN1 philosophies_NN2 are_VBR a_AT1 source_NN1 of_IO endless_JJ discussion_NN1 and_CC argument_NN1 which_DDQ we_PPIS2 will_VM not_XX enter_VVI into_II here_RL ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT four-carbon_JJ acids_NN2 are_VBR translocated_VVN to_II the_AT bundlesheath_NN1 cells_NN2 containing_VVG Rubisco_NP1 ,_, presumably_RR through_II symplastic_JJ connections_NN2 ,_, and_CC subsequently_RR decarboxylated_VVN (_( Botha_NP1 1992_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Thus_RR ,_, a_AT1 single_JJ integrin_NN1 cluster_NN1 may_VM act_VVI as_II a_AT1 platform_NN1 where_RRQ chemical_JJ signals_NN2 (_( e._ZZ1 g._NNU ,_, phosphatase_NN1 and_CC kinase_NN1 )_) are_VBR activated_VVN sequentially_RR ._. 
</s>
<s>
This_DD1 raises_VVZ the_AT question_NN1 of_IO whether_CSW the_AT purified_JJ scramblase_NN1 may_VM be_VBI missing_VVG a_AT1 subunit_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
However_RR ,_, we_PPIS2 believe_VV0 that_CST a_AT1 large_JJ part_NN1 of_IO the_AT value_NN1 of_IO the_AT analyses_NN2 described_VVN in_II this_DD1 paper_NN1 lies_VVZ in_II their_APPGE simplicity_NN1 and_CC the_AT fact_NN1 that_CST they_PPHS2 rely_VV0 on_RP commonly_RR available_JJ wave_NN1 data_NN ,_, both_DB2 of_IO which_DDQ are_VBR more_RGR likely_JJ to_TO make_VVI these_DD2 techniques_NN2 of_IO use_NN1 to_II coastal_JJ managers_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
In_II transgenic_JJ mice_NN2 expressing_VVG wild-type_JJ or_CC mutant_NN1 TDP-43_MC ,_, the_AT appearance_NN1 of_IO the_AT 25_MC kDa_NNU CTF_NP1 (_( 222,228_MC )_) was_VBDZ shown_VVN to_TO increase_VVI with_IW disease_NN1 progression_NN1 ,_, arguing_VVG for_IF a_AT1 pathogenic_JJ role_NN1 (_( 222_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Coupling_NN1 between_II photosynthesis_NN1 (_( A_ZZ1 )_) and_CC leaf_VV0 hydraulic_JJ conductance_NN1 (_( kLeaf_NN1 )_) is_VBZ suggested_VVN to_TO be_VBI due_JJ ,_, in_RR21 part_RR22 ,_, to_II the_AT common_JJ pathway_NN1 for_IF CO2_FO and_CC water_NN1 exchange_NN1 between_II the_AT leaf_NN1 and_CC the_AT atmosphere_NN1 through_II the_AT stomata_NN1 ,_, leading_VVG to_II strong_JJ positive_JJ correlations_NN2 between_II leaf_NN1 hydraulic_JJ conductance_NN1 ,_, stomatal_JJ conductance_NN1 and_CC maximum_JJ potential_JJ carbon_NN1 gain_NN1 (_( Brodribb_NP1 et_RA21 al_RA22 ._. 
</s>
<s>
2005_MC ;_; Franks_NP2 2006_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
In_II summary_NN1 ,_, the_AT AM_RA symbiosis_NN1 is_VBZ accompanied_VVN by_II complex_JJ alterations_NN2 in_II gene_NN1 expression_NN1 in_II the_AT roots_NN2 and_CC shoots_NN2 of_IO mycorrhizal_JJ plants_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
MicroRNAs_NN2 (_( miRNAs_NN2 )_) are_VBR important_JJ regulators_NN2 of_IO skeletal_JJ muscle_NN1 regeneration_NN1 ,_, but_CCB the_AT underlying_JJ mechanisms_NN2 are_VBR still_RR incompletely_RR understood_VVN ._. 
</s>
<s>
IT-AIC_NP1 approaches_NN2 overcome_VV0 several_DA2 of_IO the_AT limitations_NN2 of_IO stepwise_JJ regression_NN1 ,_, but_CCB the_AT latter_DA technique_NN1 remains_VVZ in_II widespread_JJ use_NN1 in_II behavioural_JJ ecology_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Go_VV0 (_( 73_MC )_) realized_VVD that_CST proteins_NN2 are_VBR evolved_VVN to_TO have_VHI consistent_JJ interactions_NN2 ,_, and_CC Frauenfelder_NP1 et_RA21 al_RA22 ._. 
</s>
<s>
(_( 64_MC )_) proposed_VVD hierarchical_JJ energy_NN1 landscapes_NN2 of_IO native_JJ proteins_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
It_PPH1 is_VBZ the_AT combination_NN1 of_IO in-depth_JJ analysis_NN1 of_IO dynamic_JJ cellular_JJ structures_NN2 with_IW the_AT aesthetically_RR superb_JJ visual_JJ impact_NN1 that_CST makes_VVZ in_RR21 vivo_RR22 confocal_JJ microscopy_NN1 a_AT1 winner_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
It_PPH1 means_VVZ that_CST the_AT rate_NN1 of_IO increase_NN1 in_II the_AT local_JJ population_NN1 density_NN1 N_ZZ1 ,_, i._MC e._ZZ1 as_CSA given_VVN by_II N/t_ZZ1 in_II the_AT model_NN1 ,_, depends_VVZ onsome_JJ subtle_JJ ,_, minor_JJ details_NN2 of_IO the_AT spatial_JJ distribution_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
As_II such_DA ,_, it_PPH1 would_VM appear_VVI that_CST despite_II many_DA2 in_II the_AT scientific_JJ community_NN1 condemning_VVG embryonic_JJ editing_NN1 and_CC supporting_JJ somatic_JJ cell_NN1 editing_NN1 ,_, our_APPGE respondents_NN2 view_VV0 both_RR applications_NN2 as_CSA comparable_JJ (_( Baltimore_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2015_MC ;_; Bosley_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2015_MC ;_; Lander_NN1 ,_, 2015_MC ;_; Lanphier_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2015_MC ;_; Miller_NP1 ,_, 2015_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
GR_NP1 ,_, likely_JJ as_II a_AT1 monomer_NN1 ,_, bound_VVD together_RL with_IW partner_NN1 proteins_NN2 that_CST belong_VV0 to_II the_AT ETS_NP2 ,_, FOX_NP1 ,_, and_CC STAT_VV0 families_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Using_VVG this_DD1 model_NN1 ,_, we_PPIS2 showed_VVD that_CST EHEC_NP1 destroys_VVZ the_AT inner_JJ colonic_JJ mucus_NN1 layer_NN1 ,_, using_VVG the_AT mucus_NN1 as_II a_AT1 high_JJ energy_NN1 substrate_NN1 for_IF colonization_NN1 and_CC possibly_RR as_II an_AT1 initial_JJ anchor_NN1 (_( 34_MC ,_, 110_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
More_RGR importantly_RR ,_, they_PPHS2 compared_VVD the_AT human_JJ cardiomyocytes_NN2 side_NN1 by_II side_NN1 with_IW cardiomyocytes_NN2 from_II other_JJ species_NN (_( Peng_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2010_MC )_) and_CC showed_VVD that_CST this_DD1 approach_NN1 was_VBDZ worth_II the_AT cost_NN1 difference_NN1 (_( http_NNU :_: //www.nibib._FU nih.gov/_FU )_) ._. 
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<s>
For_REX21 example_REX22 ,_, Jacobs_NP2 et_NP1 al.combined_NNU the_AT metabolite_NN1 prediction_NN1 method_NN1 SyGMa_NN1 with_IW the_AT experimental_JJ method_NN1 LC-HRMS/MS_FU to_TO develop_VVI a_AT1 systematic_JJ workflow_NN1 for_IF identifying_VVG human_JJ metabolites_NN2 in_II plasma_NN1 or_CC serum_NN1 (_( Jacobs_NP2 et_RA21 al_RA22 ._. 
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<s>
2013_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT pathological_JJ cascade_NN1 that_CST characterizes_VVZ the_AT onset_NN1 of_IO stomach_NN1 cancer_NN1 is_VBZ well_RR defined_VVN ,_, with_IW Helicobacter_NN1 pylori_NN2 infection_NN1 driving_VVG chronic_JJ inflammation_NN1 (_( Correa_NP1 ,_, 1996_MC )_) and_CC the_AT consequent_JJ loss_NN1 of_IO parietal_JJ cells_NN2 (_( oxyntic_JJ atrophy_NN1 )_) ._. 
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<s>
A_AT1 particular_JJ conformational_JJ state_NN1 can_VM often_RR be_VBI selected_VVN by_II use_NN1 of_IO inhibitors_NN2 or_CC substrate_NN1 analogues_NN2 as_CSA described_VVN for_IF many_DA2 transporters_NN2 (_( Pebay-Peyroula_NN1 et_RA21 al_RA22 ._. 
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<s>
2003_MC ;_; Locher_NP1 ,_, 2008_MC ;_; Toyoshima_NP1 ,_, 2008_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Postmodernism_NN1 is_VBZ a_AT1 product_NN1 of_IO the_AT romanticist_NN1 rejection_NN1 of_IO reason_NN1 and_CC of_IO the_AT '_NULL Western_JJ guilt_NN1 '_NULL regarding_II tragedies_NN2 such_DA as_II slavery_NN1 ,_, colonialism_NN1 ,_, the_AT Holocaust_NP1 ,_, and_RR31 so_RR32 on_RR33 ,_, many_DA2 of_IO which_DDQ are_VBR viewed_VVN as_CSA consequences_NN2 of_IO Enlightenment_NN1 '_NULL imperialistic_JJ '_NULL thought_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
In_II this_DD1 context_NN1 it_PPH1 should_VM be_VBI noted_VVN that_CST the_AT methylation_NN1 analysis_NN1 of_IO embryos_NN2 depleted_VVN for_IF Tet3_FO has_VHZ been_VBN previously_RR conducted_VVN on_II late-stage_NN1 (_( PN5_FO )_) zygotes_VVZ ,_, which_DDQ has_VHZ left_VVN the_AT dynamics_NN of_IO the_AT DNA_NN1 demethylation_NN1 process_VV0 under_RP appreciated_VVD 1,3,7_MC ._. 
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<s>
The_AT rates_NN2 at_II which_DDQ the_AT neighbors_NN2 of_IO a_AT1 particular_JJ molecule_NN1 dissociated_VVD were_VBDR obtained_VVN from_II plots_NN2 of_IO the_AT fraction_NN1 of_IO its_APPGE neighbors_NN2 ,_, initially_RR present_JJ at_II t_ZZ1 =_FO 0_MC ,_, that_CST remained_VVD after_II some_DD time_NNT1 t=_FO dt_NNU ,_, averaged_VVD over_RP all_DB possible_JJ initial_JJ timepoints_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Our_APPGE analysis_NN1 of_IO the_AT AMA1-deficient_JJ tachyzoites_NN2 clearly_RR indicates_VVZ a_AT1 role_NN1 for_IF AMA1_FO in_II parasite_NN1 positioning_VVG relative_II21 to_II22 the_AT cell_NN1 surface_NN1 ,_, which_DDQ is_VBZ observed_VVN during_II binding_VVG to_II the_AT cell_NN1 in_II the_AT absence_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 TJ_NP1 as_II31 well_II32 as_II33 during_II entry_NN1 through_II a_AT1 TJ_NP1 ._. 
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<s>
Eager_JJ to_TO test_VVI these_DD2 notions_NN2 more_RGR quickly_RR than_CSN could_VM be_VBI done_VDN by_II X-ray_NN1 crystallography_NN1 in_II 1962_MC ,_, Klug_NP1 began_VVD to_TO consider_VVI how_RRQ to_TO analyze_VVI EM_FU images_NN2 quantitatively_RR ._. 
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<s>
We_PPIS2 found_VVD that_CST 97%_NNU of_IO all_DB observations_NN2 of_IO breeding_NN1 activity_NN1 (_( defined_VVN as_CSA observations_NN2 of_IO incubating_VVG eggs_NN2 or_CC brooding_JJ chicks_NN2 ;_; n_ZZ1 =_FO 29,075_MC )_) at_II our_APPGE long-term_JJ monitoring_NN1 plots_NN2 occurred_VVD in_II this_DD1 4_MC month_NNT1 time_NNT1 window_NN1 ,_, confirming_VVG that_CST it_PPH1 was_VBDZ a_AT1 robust_JJ representation_NN1 of_IO the_AT breeding_NN1 period_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Intriguingly_RR ,_, the_AT conserved_JJ Arg34_FO residue_NN1 in_II NOP10_FO directly_RR interacts_VVZ with_IW the_AT P2_FO region_NN1 of_IO the_AT RNA_NN1 component_NN1 of_IO the_AT H/ACA_NP1 RNP84_FO ._. 
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<s>
It_PPH1 is_VBZ hard_JJ to_TO keep_VVI up_RP ,_, but_CCB we_PPIS2 are_VBR tugged_VVN along_RP ,_, at_RR21 least_RR22 for_IF a_AT1 bit_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
If_CS the_AT exchange_NN1 sites_NN2 were_VBDR in_II the_AT chloroplast_NN1 ,_, then_RT 18O-gm_NN1 would_VM be_VBI exactly_RR the_AT same_DA as_CSA 13C-gm_JJ ._. 
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<s>
A_AT1 number_NN1 of_IO tumor_NN1 suppressor_NN1 gene_NN1 knockout_NN1 and_CC oncogene_NN1 transgenic_JJ mouse_NN1 models_NN2 have_VH0 been_VBN developed_VVN in_II recent_JJ years_NNT2 incorporating_VVG strategies_NN2 informed_VVN by_II the_AT genetic_JJ studies_NN2 cited_VVN above_RL ;_; to_II date_NN1 ,_, however_RR ,_, none_PN have_VH0 recapitulated_VVN the_AT features_NN2 of_IO invasive_JJ human_JJ PDA_NN1 or_CC of_IO its_APPGE noninvasive_JJ precursor_NN1 state_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
These_DD2 results_NN2 indicate_VV0 that_DD1 miRNA_NN1 sequences_NN2 are_VBR highly_RR conserved_VVN across_II great_JJ phylogenetic_JJ distances_NN2 and_CC that_DD1 similar_JJ selection_NN1 pressures_NN2 have_VH0 been_VBN active_JJ in_II the_AT regulation_NN1 of_IO gene_NN1 expression_NN1 in_II plant_NN1 cells_NN2 since_CS the_AT earliest_JJT stages_NN2 of_IO their_APPGE evolution_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
So_RR long_RR as_CSA the_AT environmental_JJ factors_NN2 bringing_VVG about_RP the_AT epigenetic_JJ modification_NN1 persist_VV0 ,_, the_AT epigenetic_JJ modification_NN1 will_VM be_VBI "_" manifest_JJ in_II each_DD1 generation_NN1 ._. "_" 
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<s>
In_II melanoma_NN1 and_CC colon_NN1 carcinoma_NN1 cell_NN1 lines_NN2 bearing_VVG the_AT V600E_FO BRAF_NN1 mutation_NN1 ,_, the_AT IC50s_FO for_IF inhibiting_VVG phosphorylation_NN1 of_IO ERK_NP1 were_VBDR 10–30_MCMC nM_FU ,_, and_CC for_IF inhibiting_VVG cellular_JJ proliferation_NN1 were_VBDR 47–126_MCMC nM._NNU &lsqb;_( 17_MC &rsqb;_) and_CC &lsqb;_( 18_MC &rsqb;_) The_AT RET/PTC_NN1 mutant_NN1 thyroid_NN1 cancer_NN1 cell_NN1 line_NN1 TPC1_FO ,_, however_RR ,_, was_VBDZ poorly_RR inhibited_VVN ,_, with_IW an_AT1 IC50_FO for_IF cellular_JJ proliferation_NN1 of_IO 10_MC M._NNO Preliminary_JJ data_NN from_II a_AT1 phase_NN1 I_MC1 study_NN1 of_IO escalating_JJ doses_NN2 of_IO PLX_NP1 4032_MC described_VVD the_AT outcomes_NN2 of_IO three_MC patients_NN2 with_IW BRAF-mutant_NN1 PTC.18_FO One_MC1 PTC_NP1 patient_NN1 experienced_VVD a_AT1 partial_JJ response_NN1 with_IW shrinkage_NN1 of_IO lung_NN1 metastases_NN2 ,_, whereas_CS the_AT other_JJ two_MC patients_NN2 had_VHD prolonged_VVN stable_JJ disease_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Thus_RR ,_, static_JJ genetic_JJ analysis_NN1 of_IO bulk_NN1 tumor_NN1 tissue_NN1 or_CC single-cell_JJ topological_JJ sampling_NN1 of_IO different_JJ tumor_NN1 sites_NN2 can_VM not_XX formally_RR prove_VVI that_CST any_DD particular_JJ genetically_RR distinct_JJ cell_NN1 or_CC subclone_NN1 is_VBZ functionally_RR important_JJ ._. 
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<s>
First_MD ,_, optogenetic_JJ stimulation_NN1 of_IO theOFC_NN1 that_CST modulated_VVD compulsive_JJ behavior_NN1 had_VHD no_AT effect_NN1 on_II anxiety-like_JJ behavior_NN1 (_( 101_MC )_) ,_, suggesting_VVG that_CST perhaps_RR other_JJ circuits_NN2 causally_RR drive_VV0 anxiety-specific_JJ symptoms_NN2 in_II OCD_NP1 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT Arabidopsis_NN1 thaliana_NN1 F-box_NN1 proteins_NN2 TRANSPORT_VV0 INHIBITOR_NN1 RESPONSE_NN1 1/AUXIN_FU SIGNAL-_JJ ING_JJ F-BOX_NN1 (_( TIR1/AFB_NP1 )_) are_VBR auxin_NN1 receptors_NN2 that_CST mediate_VV0 degradation_NN1 of_IO AUXIN/INDOLE-3-ACETIC_NP1 ACID_NN1 (_( Aux/_FU IAA_NP1 )_) repressors_NN2 to_TO induce_VVI auxin-regulated_JJ responses_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
In_II AFM_NP1 ,_, a_AT1 sharp_JJ tip_NN1 at_II the_AT end_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 cantilever_NN1 scans_VVZ the_AT surface_NN1 of_IO the_AT sample_NN1 ,_, oscillating_VVG near_II its_APPGE resonance_NN1 frequency_NN1 (_( Fig._NN1 3b_FO )_) ._. 
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<s>
Of_IO the_AT 36_MC studies_NN2 reviewed_VVD ,_, 21_MC used_JJ self-report_JJ data_NN ,_, 10_MC used_JJ parent-report_JJ data_NN ,_, 5_MC used_VVD both_RR parent_NN1 and_CC self-report_JJ data_NN ,_, and_CC 2_MC studies_NN2 used_VVD objective_JJ data_NN obtained_VVN from_II polysomnography_NN1 (_( in_II31 addition_II32 to_II33 self-report_JJ measures_NN2 )_) ._. 
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<s>
The_AT specific_JJ ability_NN1 of_IO DDM_NP1 to_TO disrupt_VVI respiratory_JJ complex_NN1 superassemblies_VVZ likely_RR makes_VVZ it_PPH1 suitable_JJ for_IF purifying_VVG respiratory_JJ complexes_NN2 for_IF crystallization_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT PERMANOVA_NN1 analysis_NN1 were_VBDR carried_VVN out_RP following_VVG a_AT1 three_MC factor_NN1 design_NN1 :_: "_" Time_NNT1 "_" :_: T0_FO ,_, T1_FO ,_, T2_FO ,_, T3_FO ,_, T4_FO (_( 5_MC levels_NN2 ,_, fixed_JJ )_) ,_, "_" Treatment_NN1 "_" :_: Control_NN1 and_CC Digging_NN1 (_( 2_MC levels_NN2 ,_, fixed_JJ )_) and_CC "_" Plot_NN1 (_( treatment_NN1 )_) "_" :_: C11_FO ,_, C18_FO ,_, D1_FO and_CC D19_FO (_( 4_MC levels_NN2 ,_, random_JJ )_) ,_, and_CC were_VBDR conducted_VVN on_II a_AT1 Bray-Curtis_NP1 similarity_NN1 matrix_NN1 (_( Clarke_NP1 and_CC Green_JJ ,_, 1988_MC )_) for_IF genera_NN2 composition_NN1 and_CC trophic_JJ composition_NN1 and_CC on_II Euclidean_JJ distance_NN1 similarity_NN1 matrices_NN2 for_IF the_AT univariate_NN1 data_NN (_( number_NN1 of_IO genera_NN2 ,_, Margalef_NP1 index_NN1 ,_, Shannon-Wiener_FW index_NN1 ,_, ITD-1_MC1 and_CC MI_NP1 )_) ._. 
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<s>
The_AT accuracy_NN1 of_IO the_AT photosynthesis_NN1 model_NN1 depends_VVZ on_II proper_JJ representation_NN1 of_IO the_AT kinetic_JJ properties_NN2 of_IO Rubisco_NP1 ._. 
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<s>
When_RRQ data_NN from_II all_DB experiments_NN2 were_VBDR pooled_VVN together_RL ,_, males_NN2 that_CST approached_VVD plants_NN2 had_VHD ,_, on_II average_NN1 ,_, longer_JJR wing_NN1 lengths_NN2 than_CSN those_DD2 that_CST did_VDD not_XX ,_, although_CS the_AT difference_NN1 was_VBDZ very_RG small_JJ (_( meanSE_VV0 :_: approaching_VVG males_NN2 :_: 43.480.2mm_NNU ;_; other_JJ males_NN2 :_: 42.330.21mm_NNU ;_; t_ZZ1 test_VV0 :_: t253=3.96_FO ,_, P<0.001_FO )_) ._. 
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<s>
The_AT reasons_NN2 for_IF this_DD1 are_VBR unclear_JJ but_CCB likely_RR involve_VV0 degradation_NN1 of_IO salt-released_JJ proteins_NN2 during_II the_AT course_NN1 of_IO the_AT experiment_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Does_VDZ it_PPH1 make_VVI the_AT subject_NN1 more_RGR accessible_JJ ?_? 
</s>
<s>
However_RR ,_, the_AT cladogram_NN1 presented_VVD byPatterson_NN1 &;_NULL Rosen_NP1 (_( 1989_MC )_) ,_, depicts_VVZ the_AT Percopsidae_NP1 and_CC Aphredoderidae_NP1 as_II an_AT1 unresolved_JJ polytomy_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
However_RR ,_, further_JJR studies_NN2 will_VM have_VHI to_TO determine_VVI whether_CSW p53_FO is_VBZ indeed_RR deacetylated_VVN by_II both_DB2 SIRT1_FO and_CC SIRT7_FO and_CC ,_, if_CS so_RR ,_, whether_CSW and_CC how_RRQ these_DD2 two_MC sirtuins_NN2 interconnect_NN1 on_II this_DD1 target_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT scaling_NN1 relationship_NN1 was_VBDZ significant_JJ because_CS it_PPH1 exceeded_VVD the_AT boundaries_NN2 of_IO the_AT confidence_NN1 interval_NN1 in_II grey_JJ (_( Figure_NN1 5G_NNU )_) ._. 
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<s>
These_DD2 animals_NN2 were_VBDR most_RGT abundant_JJ in_II western_JJ sites_NN2 where_RRQ the_AT high_JJ kinorhynch_NN1 densities_NN2 were_VBDR recorded_VVN ._. 
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<s>
In_RR21 general_RR22 ,_, females_NN2 were_VBDR more_RGR affected_JJ than_CSN males_NN2 and_CC the_AT higher_JJR dose_NN1 of_IO EE2_FO produced_VVD greater_JJR behavioral_NN1 changes_NN2 ,_, and_CC least_RRT for_IF some_DD of_IO the_AT dependent_JJ measures_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Our_APPGE mixed-model_NN1 analysis_NN1 of_IO variance_NN1 results_NN2 indicated_VVD movement_NN1 linearity_NN1 was_VBDZ not_XX different_JJ between_II the_AT 2_MC study_NN1 phases_NN2 F1_FO ,_, 48.1_MC =_FO 1-91_MCMC ,_, P_ZZ1 =_FO 0.173_MC )_) nor_CC study_NN1 areas_NN2 (_( Fl_NNU ,_, 47.2_MC =_FO 6.42_MC ,_, P_ZZ1 =_FO 0.147_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
Therefore_RR ,_, we_PPIS2 only_RR discuss_VV0 newer_JJR results_NN2 that_CST further_VV0 our_APPGE understanding_NN1 of_IO the_AT colonization_NN1 process_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Is_VBZ there_EX still_RR any_DD role_NN1 for_IF female_JJ choice_NN1 aiming_VVG at_II bright_JJ and_CC thus_RR healthy_JJ males_NN2 ?_? 
</s>
<s>
Physicians_NN2 will_VM not_XX know_VVI how_RRQ to_TO manage_VVI therapeutic_JJ hope_NN1 appropriately_RR ,_, however_RR ,_, if_CS they_PPHS2 are_VBR unfamiliar_JJ with_IW the_AT goals_NN2 patients_NN2 are_VBR striving_VVG to_TO achieve_VVI beyond_II their_APPGE immediate_JJ medical_JJ treatment_NN1 ,_, their_APPGE perceived_JJ pathways_NN2 to_II these_DD2 other_JJ goals_NN2 ,_, and_CC their_APPGE systems_NN2 of_IO support_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
AMPKis_NN1 functionally_RR relevant_JJ ,_, as_CSA its_APPGE inhibition_NN1 impairsECmigration_NN1 and_CC angiogenesis_NN1 in_II31 response_II32 to_II33 hypoxia_NN1 (_( 109_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
To_TO model_VVI division_NN1 plane_NN1 positioning_NN1 ,_, we_PPIS2 assumed_VVD a_AT1 model_NN1 based_VVN on_II aster_NN1 shape_NN1 as_CSA above_RL ,_, on_II which_DDQ we_PPIS2 added_VVD the_AT contributions_NN2 of_IO the_AT CAB_NN1 and_CC yolk_VV0 layers_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Our_APPGE work_NN1 made_VVD use_NN1 of_IO an_AT1 ACh-containing_JJ spray_NN1 ,_, to_TO mimic_VVI synaptic_JJ activation_NN1 ,_, together_RL with_IW rapid_JJ freezing_JJ ,_, to_TO arrest_VVI the_AT reaction_NN1 before_II a_AT1 significant_JJ number_NN1 of_IO receptors_NN2 would_VM convert_VVI to_II a_AT1 desensitized_JJ state_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT MARTINI_NN1 model_NN1 was_VBDZ initially_RR developed_VVN for_IF lipid_JJ systems_NN2 &lsqb;_( 4_MC &rsqb;_) and_CC has_VHZ recently_RR been_VBN extended_VVN for_IF proteins_NN2 &lsqb;_( 5_MC &rsqb;_) and_CC carbohydrates_NN2 &lsqb;_( 6_MC &rsqb;_) ._. 
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<s>
Future_JJ studies_NN2 will_VM use_VVI allogeneic_JJ transplants_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Research_NN1 with_IW monolingual_JJ children_NN2 with_IW slow_JJ expressive_JJ vocabulary_NN1 development_NN1 showed_VVD them_PPHO2 to_TO be_VBI at_II risk_NN1 for_IF long-term_JJ language_NN1 ,_, academic_JJ ,_, reading_VVG ,_, emotional_JJ ,_, and_CC social_JJ difficulties_NN2 (_( &lsqb;_( Paul_NP1 ,_, 2000_MC &rsqb;_) ,_, &lsqb;_( Rescorla_NP1 ,_, 2002_MC &rsqb;_) ,_, &lsqb;_( Rescorla_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2000_MC &rsqb;_) ,_, &lsqb;_( Scarborough_NP1 and_CC Dobrich_NP1 ,_, 1990_MC &rsqb;_) and_CC &lsqb;_( Thal_NP1 and_CC Katich_NP1 ,_, 1996_MC &rsqb;_) )_) ._. 
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<s>
Moderate_JJ expression_NN1 of_IO PDX-1_MC1 was_VBDZ observed_VVN in_II duodenal_JJ crypts_NN2 ,_, again_RT consistent_JJ with_IW the_AT observation_NN1 of_IO allelic_JJ recombination_NN1 in_II the_AT small_JJ bowel_NN1 noted_VVD earlier_RRR ,_, while_CS high_JJ levels_NN2 of_IO PDX-1_MC1 expression_NN1 were_VBDR restricted_VVN to_II the_AT endocrine_JJ cells_NN2 of_IO both_RR control_VV0 and_CC compound_VV0 mutant_NN1 adult_NN1 animals_NN2 ,_, as_CSA expected_VVN ._. 
</s>
<s>
We_PPIS2 found_VVD 16,881_MC CEs_NP2 (_( making_VVG up_RP 1.5%_FO of_IO all_DB CEs_NN2 that_CST did_VDD not_XX overlap_VVI known_JJ genes_NN2 )_) that_CST overlapped_VVD CONTRAST_NN1 predictions_NN2 ,_, and_CC these_DD2 CEs_NN2 had_VHD a_AT1 significantly_RR higher_JJR 3-periodicity_JJ bias_NN1 (_( 1.33_MC )_) than_CSN those_DD2 that_CST did_VDD not_XX overlap_VVI CONTRAST_NN1 predictions_NN2 (_( 0.54_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
The_AT characteristics_NN2 of_IO small_JJ molecules_NN2 can_VM be_VBI directly_RR used_VVN for_IF binding_JJ site_NN1 and_CC affinity_NN1 prediction_NN1 ,_, forming_VVG some_DD ligand-based_JJ HSA_NN1 binding_VVG models_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Loss_NN1 of_IO E-cadherin_NN1 increases_VVZ the_AT permeability_NN1 of_IO polarized_JJ CEC_NN1 mono-layers_NN2 ,_, and_CC an_AT1 increase_NN1 in_II colonic_JJ permeability_NN1 prior_II21 to_II22 tumor_NN1 development_NN1 is_VBZ an_AT1 early_JJ pathophysiologic_JJ change_NN1 associated_VVN with_IW incipient_JJ CRC_NP1 (_( Soler_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 1999_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
These_DD2 regulatory_JJ elements_NN2 are_VBR present_JJ in_II the_AT 5untranslated_FO region_NN1 (_( UTR_NP1 )_) or_CC even_RR in_II the_AT coding_NN1 sequence_NN1 ,_, but_CCB most_DAT reside_VV0 in_II the_AT 3UTR_FO ._. 
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<s>
The_AT positive_JJ association_NN1 with_IW this_DD1 road_NN1 class_NN1 was_VBDZ not_XX necessarily_RR selection_NN1 for_IF roads_NN2 but_CCB more_RRR for_IF the_AT riparian_JJ areas_NN2 they_PPHS2 are_VBR near_RL ._. 
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<s>
The_AT immunoprecipitated_JJ proteins_NN2 were_VBDR detected_VVN by_II immunoblotting_VVG ._. 
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<s>
Upon_II capture_NN1 ,_, we_PPIS2 fitted_VVD each_DD1 individual_NN1 with_IW a_AT1 US_NP1 Fish_NP1 and_CC Wildlife_NN1 Service_NN1 numbered_JJ aluminum_NN1 leg_NN1 band_NN1 and_CC we_PPIS2 measured_VVD the_AT wing_NN1 chord_NN1 (_( 1mm_NNU )_) ,_, tarsus_NN1 length_NN1 (_( 0.1mm_NNU )_) ,_, and_CC mass_NN1 (_( 0.1g_NNU )_) for_IF each_DD1 individual_NN1 and_CC took_VVD feather_NN1 samples_NN2 from_II the_AT rump_NN1 and_CC chest_NN1 regions_NN2 for_IF coloration_NN1 analysis_NN1 (_( see_VV0 below_RL )_) ._. 
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<s>
The_AT polar_JJ cells_NN2 play_VV0 an_AT1 important_JJ role_NN1 in_II specifying_VVG border_NN1 cells_NN2 :_: they_PPHS2 secrete_VV0 cytokines_NN2 ,_, particularly_RR Unpaired_JJ 1_MC1 and_CC 3_MC (_( Upd1_FO and_CC Upd3_FO )_) ,_, which_DDQ bind_VV0 to_II a_AT1 transmembrane_NN1 receptor_NN1 to_TO trigger_VVI activation_NN1 of_IO JAK_NP1 &lsqb;_( 12-17_MCMC &rsqb;_) ._. 
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<s>
Here_RL ,_, we_PPIS2 describe_VV0 a_AT1 method_NN1 based_VVN on_II Bayesian_JJ inference_NN1 techniques_NN2 for_IF propagating_VVG sampling_NN1 error_NN1 on_II the_AT estimates_NN2 of_IO the_AT means_NN of_IO community_NN1 members_NN2 to_TO provide_VVI measures_NN2 of_IO uncertainty_NN1 surrounding_VVG Layman_NP1 et_RA21 al_RA22 ._. '_NULL s_ZZ1 (_( 2007a_FO )_) metrics_NN2 ,_, which_DDQ allows_VVZ for_IF robust_JJ statistical_JJ comparisons_NN2 to_TO be_VBI made_VVN among_II communities_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
However_RR ,_, do_VD0 they_PPHS2 actually_RR favor_VVI a_AT1 key_JJ role_NN1 for_IF GA_NP1 synthesis_NN1 over_II the_AT signaling_JJ model_NN1 ?_? 
</s>
<s>
Given_VVN this_DD1 ,_, regulatory_JJ and_CC safety_NN1 issues_NN2 will_VM only_RR be_VBI briefly_RR discussed_VVN ._. 
</s>
<s>
This_DD1 result_NN1 was_VBDZ in_RR21 part_RR22 surprising_JJ because_CS it_PPH1 was_VBDZ believed_VVN that_CST the_AT ethylene_NN1 glycol_NN1 chains_NN2 should_VM be_VBI present_JJ at_II low_JJ density_NN1 to_TO prevent_VVI protein_NN1 binding_VVG &lsqb;_( 14_MC &rsqb;_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT only_JJ direct_JJ test_NN1 of_IO the_AT adaptive_JJ value_NN1 of_IO offspring_NN sex_NN1 allocation_NN1 in_II marsupials_NN2 comes_VVZ from_II a_AT1 recent_JJ study_NN1 manipulating_VVG offspring_NN sex_NN1 via_II cross-fostering_JJ techniques_NN2 in_II tammar_NN1 wallabiesMacropus_NN1 eugenii_NN2 derbianus_NN1 (_( Robert_NP1 etal_JJ ._. 
</s>
<s>
In_II 2008–2009_MCMC ,_, the_AT coloured_JJ cover_NN1 was_VBDZ left_VVN on_RP for_IF 1_MC1 day_NNT1 ,_, starting_VVG between_II 1200_MC and_CC 1500_MC hours_NNT2 ,_, so_RR in_II both_RR years_NNT2 PIT_NN1 tag_NN1 data_NN were_VBDR censored_VVN at_II 24_MC h_ZZ1 after_II presentation_NN1 of_IO the_AT coloured_JJ feeder_NN1 cover_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
At_RR21 present_RR22 a_AT1 satisfactory_JJ answer_NN1 can_VM not_XX yet_RR be_VBI given_VVN ,_, simply_RR this_DD1 topic_NN1 can_VM be_VBI indicated_VVN as_II a_AT1 challenging_JJ research_NN1 perspective_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT primers_NN2 used_VVN in_II the_AT cloning_NN1 and_CC mutagenesis_NN1 are_VBR summarized_VVN in_II the_AT Supplementary_JJ Table_NN1 2_MC ._. 
</s>
<s>
For_REX21 example_REX22 ,_, the_AT manager_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 small_JJ business_NN1 in_II Crescent_NN1 City_NN1 allowed_VVD customers_NN2 to_TO "_" run_VVI up_RP their_APPGE bill_NN1 all_DB year_NNT1 long_RR "_" to_TO then_RT be_VBI paid_VVN at_II the_AT end_NN1 of_IO crab_NN1 season_NNT1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Compared_VVN to_II the_AT crested_JJ and_CC northern_JJ bobwhites_NN2 ,_, the_AT black-throated_JJ bobwhite_NN1 exhibited_VVD the_AT least_DAT amount_NN1 of_IO morphological_JJ variation_NN1 (_( Johnsgard1988_FO ,_, Madge_NP1 and_CC McGowan2002_FO )_) ,_, which_DDQ supports_VVZ recent_JJ geographic_JJ fragmentation_NN1 of_IO the_AT species_NN ._. 
</s>
<s>
In_II breast_NN1 and_CC colon_NN1 cancer_NN1 cells_NN2 ,_, the_AT observation_NN1 of_IO an_AT1 inverse_JJ correlation_NN1 between_II expression_NN1 levels_NN2 of_IO the_AT tumor_NN1 suppressor_NN1 p53_FO and_CC FBL_NP1 has_VHZ led_VVN to_II the_AT suggestion_NN1 that_CST p53_FO represses_VVZ FBL_NP1 transcription_NN1 through_II direct_JJ binding_NN1 to_II its_APPGE first_MD intron63_FO ._. 
</s>
<s>
Moreover_RR ,_, hepatic_JJ steatosis_NN1 is_VBZ improved_VVN in_II diet-induced_NN1 and_CC genetically_RR obese_JJ mouse_NN1 models_NN2 following_VVG adenoviral_JJ overexpression_NN1 of_IO Sirt1_FO (_( REF_NN1 )_) and_CC pharmacological_JJ SIRT1_FO activation_NN1 40,127,128,138,139_MC ,_, as_RG well_RR as_CSA in_II Sirt1-overexpressing_JJ mice_NN2 ,_, and_CC hepatic_JJ fat_JJ content_NN1 is_VBZ reduced_VVN by_II resveratrol_NN1 treatment_NN1 in_II obese_JJ humans_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
These_DD2 forms_NN2 of_IO governance_NN1 are_VBR multi-dimensional_JJ in_II the_AT policy_NN1 instruments_NN2 employed_VVN ;_; the_AT make-up_NN1 of_IO actors_NN2 ;_; and_CC ,_, the_AT types_NN2 of_IO rationalities_NN2 that_CST actors_NN2 use_VV0 to_TO debate_VVI the_AT problem_NN1 and_CC proposed_JJ solutions_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Pancreatic_JJ ductal_JJ adenocarcinoma_NN1 (_( PDA_NP1 )_) ,_, one_MC1 of_IO the_AT deadliest_JJT human_JJ cancers_NN2 ,_, often_RR involves_VVZ somatic_JJ activation_NN1 of_IO K-Ras_NP2 oncogenes_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Here_RL ,_, the_AT partners_NN2 release_VV0 active_JJ diffusible_JJ molecules_NN2 that_CST are_VBR reciprocally_RR perceived_VVN (_( 23_MC )_) ,_, also_RR activating_VVG Ca-mediated_JJ responses_NN2 (_( 20_MC ,_, 53_MC ,_, 71_MC )_) ,_, while_CS a_AT1 physical_JJ contact_NN1 between_II the_AT fungus_NN1 and_CC the_AT plant_NN1 is_VBZ required_VVN to_TO elicit_VVI many_DA2 of_IO the_AT plant_NN1 responses_NN2 that_CST precede_VV0 fungal_JJ colonization_NN1 (_( 40_MC ,_, 41_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Workflows_NN2 can_VM be_VBI divided_VVN into_II several_DA2 modules_NN2 and_CC researchers_NN2 can_VM either_RR use_VVI existing_JJ modules_NN2 or_CC create_VV0 new_JJ ones_NN2 from_II scratch_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Better_JJR understanding_NN1 of_IO the_AT phenotypic_JJ and_CC functional_JJ characteristics_NN2 ,_, frequency_NN1 and_CC proliferative_JJ potential_NN1 ,_, and_CC immunogenicity_NN1 of_IO MSCs_NP2 and_CC EPCs_NP2 present_NN1 in_II CB_NP1 versus_II other_JJ tissue_NN1 sources_NN2 ,_, such_II21 as_II22 BM_NP1 ,_, is_VBZ needed_VVN before_II the_AT clinical_JJ use_NN1 of_IO these_DD2 populations_NN2 in_RR21 general_RR22 ,_, as_RG well_RR as_CSA for_IF CB-derived_JJ cells_NN2 specifically_RR ,_, should_VM be_VBI considered_VVN for_IF regenerative_JJ medicine_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
As_CSA illustrated_VVN in_II Figure_NN1 5_MC ,_, high-grade_JJ mPanIN2/3_FU lesions_NN2 as_II31 well_II32 as_II33 mPDAC_NN1 were_VBDR negative_JJ for_IF senescence_NN1 markers_NN2 including_II endogenous_JJ senescence-associated_JJ b-galactosidase_NN1 (_( SA-b-Gal_NP1 )_) and_CC expression_NN1 of_IO the_AT p16Ink4a_FO tumor_NN1 suppressor_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Although_CS these_DD2 mechanisms_NN2 are_VBR diverse_JJ ,_, the_AT common_JJ underlying_JJ biochemical_JJ phenotype_NN1 shared_VVN by_II all_DB the_AT RASopathies_NP1 is_VBZ Ras/MAPK_FU pathway_NN1 activation_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT program_NN1 starts_VVZ from_II a_AT1 source_NN1 of_IO trusted_JJ alignments_NN2 of_IO homologous_JJ protein_NN1 domains_NN2 (_( here_RL ,_, Pfam_NP1 24_MC seed_NN1 alignments_NN2 )_) ,_, a_AT1 source_NN1 of_IO typical_JJ fulllength_NN1 protein_NN1 sequences_NN2 (_( here_RL ,_, UniProt_NP1 SwissProt_NP1 201103_MC )_) ,_, and_CC a_AT1 choice_NN1 of_IO method_NN1 for_IF synthesizing_VVG nonhomologous_JJ sequence_NN1 segments_NN2 (_( such_II21 as_II22 shuffling_NN1 a_AT1 randomly_RR chosen_VVN segment_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 UniProt_NN1 sequence_NN1 )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Indeed_RR axotomized_VVD motoneurons_NN2 upregulate_VV0 several_DA2 neurotrophic_JJ factors_NN2 including_II BDNF_NP1 and_CC NT-4/5_FU that_DD1 may_VM be_VBI accelerated_JJ and_CC boosted_VVN by_II brief_JJ low_JJ electrical_JJ stimulation_NN1 of_IO the_AT transected_JJ nerve_NN1 (_( Al-Majed_JJ et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2000a_FO )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
During_II the_AT computations_NN2 leading_VVG to_II a_AT1 t_ZZ1 test_NN1 or_CC ANOVA_NP1 table_NN1 one_PN1 calculates_VVZ a_AT1 residual_JJ sum_NN1 of_IO squares_NN2 (_( RSS_NP1 )_) and_CC this_DD1 is_VBZ a_AT1 branching_JJ point_NN1 that_CST leads_VVZ to_II the_AT new_JJ information-theoretic_JJ approaches_NN2 and_CC all_DB their_APPGE advantages_NN2 in_II31 terms_II32 of_II33 evidence_NN1 (_( Fig._NN1 3_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
On_II the_AT one_MC1 side_NN1 there_EX are_VBR those_DD2 who_PNQS are_VBR sceptical_JJ of_IO the_AT implications_NN2 of_IO rural–urban_JJ interdependencies_NN2 on_II the_AT development_NN1 trajectories_NN2 of_IO rural_JJ areas_NN2 (_( for_IF a_AT1 review_NN1 see_VV0 Dabson_NP1 ,_, 2007_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
For_REX21 example_REX22 ,_, Ferreira_NP1 and_CC colleagues_NN2 (_( 2008_MC )_) suggested_VVD that_CST vertical_JJ transmission_NN1 of_IO endophytes_NN2 might_VM maintain_VVI the_AT stability_NN1 of_IO bacterial_JJ communities_NN2 in_II Eucalyptus_JJ plants_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Ultimately_RR ,_, avoiding_VVG fatal_JJ encounters_NN2 with_IW wolves_NN2 is_VBZ predicated_VVN on_II three_MC factors_NN2 :_: the_AT ability_NN1 of_IO the_AT beaver_NN1 to_TO detect_VVI the_AT wolf_NN1 ,_, the_AT distance_NN1 between_II the_AT beaver_NN1 and_CC the_AT wolf_NN1 ,_, and_CC the_AT distance_NN1 between_II the_AT beaver_NN1 and_CC water_NN1 (_( Basey_NP1 &;_NULL Jenkins_NP1 1995_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
However_RR ,_, the_AT rates_NN2 of_IO deaths_NN2 from_II breast_NN1 cancer_NN1 have_VH0 increased_VVN steadily_RR in_II Mexico_NP1 since_II 1955_MC ,_, mainly_RR because_CS the_AT disease_NN1 is_VBZ not_XX detected_VVN and_CC treated_VVN in_II time_NNT1 among_II low-income_JJ groups_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT orbital_JJ portion_NN1 of_IO the_AT zygomaticomandibularis_NN1 was_VBDZ not_XX used_VVN in_II the_AT data_NN analysis_NN1 because_CS none_PN of_IO the_AT species_NN in_II our_APPGE sample_NN1 have_VH0 this_DD1 portion_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Therefore_RR ,_, mutations_NN2 affecting_VVG H3K27_FO methylation_NN1 are_VBR likely_JJ to_TO affect_VVI DNA_NN1 methylation_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT Authors_NN2 ,_, therefore_RR ,_, acknowledge_VV0 with_IW thanks_NN2 DSR_NP1 technical_JJ and_CC financial_JJ support_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
These_DD2 studies_NN2 provided_VVD strong_JJ evidence_NN1 for_IF the_AT existence_NN1 of_IO clinical_JJ latency_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
This_DD1 interaction_NN1 was_VBDZ confirmed_VVN by_II an_AT1 in_RR21 vitro_RR22 pull_VV0 down_RP assay_NN1 ,_, in_II which_DDQ a_AT1 direct_JJ physical_JJ interaction_NN1 between_II CD146_FO and_CC CD36_FO was_VBDZ detected_VVN (_( Figure_NN1 4B_FO )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
A_AT1 dietary_JJ reconstruction_NN1 based_VVN on_II HI_UH will_VM therefore_RR gain_VVI in_II accuracy_NN1 if_CS the_AT MS_NN1 information_NN1 is_VBZ used_VVN in_RR21 addition_RR22 (_( cf._VV0 This_DD1 holds_VVZ not_XX only_RR with_IW regard_NN1 to_II specialisation_NN1 in_II foraging_VVG areas_NN2 (_( i.e._REX site_NN1 fidelity_NN1 )_) ,_, but_CCB also_RR environmental_JJ preferences_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
This_DD1 organization_NN1 is_VBZ logical_JJ and_CC breaks_VVZ away_II21 from_II22 the_AT more_RGR common_JJ organization_NN1 of_IO paleobotany_NN1 textbooks_NN2 along_II phylogenetic_JJ lines_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT definition_NN1 resolves_VVZ the_AT issue_NN1 of_IO ensuring_VVG that_DD1 development_NN1 was_VBDZ equitable_JJ and_CC sustainable_JJ at_II the_AT same_DA time_NNT1 ,_, in_II31 light_II32 of_II33 global_JJ environmental_JJ constraints_NN2 (_( George_NP1 ,_, 1999_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Furthermore_RR ,_, we_PPIS2 demonstrate_VV0 that_CST the_AT Wnt-signaling_JJ transcription_NN1 factor_NN1 ,_, Lef-1_MC1 ,_, is_VBZ sufficient_JJ to_TO activate_VVI lineage_NN1 commitment_NN1 of_IO MECs_NP2 and_CC their_APPGE regenerative_JJ responses_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Overproduction_NN1 of_IO the_AT oncometabolite_NN1 2-hydroxyglutarate_NN1 in_II IDH1-mutated_JJ cells_NN2 inhibits_VVZ the_AT TET_NP1 family_NN1 of_IO 5-methlycytosine_JJ hydroxylases_NN2 and_CC H3K27-specific_JJ demethylases_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
By_II protecting_VVG researchers_NN2 and_CC institutions_NN2 from_II being_VBG compelled_VVN to_TO disclose_VVI information_NN1 that_CST would_VM identify_VVI research_NN1 participants_NN2 ,_, Certificates_NN2 are_VBR intended_VVN to_TO help_VVI achieve_VVI the_AT research_NN1 objectives_NN2 and_CC promote_VV0 participation_NN1 in_II studies_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT decrease_NN1 in_II meristem_NN1 size_NN1 is_VBZ caused_VVN by_II a_AT1 reduction_NN1 of_IO cell_NN1 division_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
And_CC in_II 2001_MC ,_, the_AT textbook_NN1 From_II Neuron_NN1 to_II Brain_NN1 (_( 83_MC )_) cited_VVD Witzemann_NP1 et_RA21 al_RA22 ._. 
</s>
<s>
(_( 81_MC )_) as_CSA evidence_NN1 for_IF trophic_JJ factors_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
This_DD1 key_JJ issue_NN1 will_VM be_VBI discussed_VVN below_RL ,_, and_CC the_AT importance_NN1 of_IO signal_NN1 transducer_NN1 and_CC activation_NN1 of_IO transcription_NN1 5b_FO (_( STAT5b_FO )_) in_II this_DD1 induction_NN1 will_VM be_VBI highlighted_VVN ._. 
</s>
<s>
We_PPIS2 should_VM neither_RR see_VVI parasites_NN2 as_CSA acting_VVG on_II the_AT ecological_JJ community_NN1 ,_, nor_CC the_AT ecological_JJ community_NN1 acting_VVG upon_II them_PPHO2 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT aim_NN1 of_IO the_AT present_JJ study_NN1 was_VBDZ to_TO conduct_VVI an_AT1 inventory_NN1 of_IO the_AT harpacticoid_JJ fauna_NN and_CC to_TO describe_VVI its_APPGE taxocenes_NN2 and_CC inter-annual_JJ dynamics_NN ._. 
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<s>
Tubers_NN2 with_IW elevated_JJ Tre6P_FO have_VH0 lower_JJR levels_NN2 of_IO sucrose_NN1 and_CC hexose_VV0 phosphates_NN2 ,_, decreased_VVD starch_NN1 ,_, higher_JJR respiration_NN1 and_CC more_DAR lenticels_NN2 (_( Debast_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2011_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Collagen_NN1 I_ZZ1 is_VBZ known_VVN to_II traffic_NN1 across_II the_AT sequential_JJ cisternae_NN2 of_IO a_AT1 Golgi_JJ stack_NN1 (_( Bonfanti_NP1 et_RA21 al_RA22 ._. 
</s>
<s>
1998_MC )_) ,_, but_CCB whether_CSW PC_NN1 VII_MC ,_, and_CC for_IF that_DD1 matter_NN1 the_AT other_JJ 26_MC collagens_NN2 ,_, also_RR travel_VV0 through_II all_DB the_AT cisternae_NN2 of_IO the_AT Golgi_JJ stack_NN1 is_VBZ not_XX known_VVN ._. 
</s>
<s>
Trypsin_NN1 digestion_NN1 and_CC labeling_VVG with_IW iTRAQ_JJ reagents_NN2 were_VBDR performed_VVN according_II21 to_II22 the_AT supplier_NN1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 instructions_NN2 (_( Applied_JJ Biosystems_NN2 ,_, Foster_NP1 City_NN1 ,_, CA_NP1 ,_, USA_NP1 )_) ._. 
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<s>
We_PPIS2 have_VH0 developed_VVN an_AT1 ontology_NN1 of_IO protein_NN1 features_NN2 in_BCL21 order_BCL22 to_TO identify_VVI and_CC represent_VVI post-translational_JJ modifications_NN2 ,_, binding_VVG sites_NN2 ,_, active_JJ sites_NN2 ,_, conserved_VVD regions_NN2 and_CC other_JJ regions_NN2 of_IO interest_NN1 on_II a_AT1 protein_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
During_II sporulation_NN1 ,_, the_AT production_NN1 of_IO the_AT Mur_NN1 proteins_NN2 is_VBZ upregulated_VVN by_II K_ZZ1 (_( Vasudevan_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2007_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Therefore_RR ,_, contrary_II21 to_II22 our_APPGE prediction_NN1 ,_, we_PPIS2 conclude_VV0 that_CST adults_NN2 redstarts_NN2 did_VDD not_XX respond_VVI to_II these_DD2 post-breeding_JJ public_JJ information_NN1 treatments_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Although_CS research_NN1 regarding_II the_AT effects_NN2 of_IO global_JJ change_NN1 on_II fungal_JJ symbionts_NN2 (_( i._MC e._ZZ1 ,_, mycorrhizae_NN2 and_CC the_AT symbiotic_JJ interchange_NN1 between_II the_AT fungi_NN2 and_CC their_APPGE tree_NN1 counterparts_NN2 )_) seems_VVZ to_TO be_VBI an_AT1 aside_RL to_II the_AT main_JJ focus_NN1 of_IO the_AT book_NN1 ,_, we_PPIS2 should_VM acknowledge_VVI the_AT role_NN1 of_IO such_DA partnerships_NN2 in_II the_AT survival_NN1 and_CC adaptation_NN1 of_IO trees_NN2 under_II adverse_JJ conditions_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Leaf_NN1 packs_NN2 were_VBDR also_RR removed_VVN to_TO sample_VVI invertebrates_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Since_CS encounter_NN1 complexes_NN2 consist_VV0 of_IO several_DA2 transient_JJ and_CC weakly_RR bound_VVN conformations_NN2 ,_, they_PPHS2 are_VBR silent_JJ to_II many_DA2 structural_JJ biology_NN1 techniques_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
However_RR ,_, based_VVN on_II habitat_NN1 analysis_NN1 of_IO suitable_JJ woodpecker_NN1 habitat_NN1 by_II Spadgenske_NP1 (_( 2002_MC )_) on_II Fort_NP1 Stewart_NP1 at_II many_DA2 of_IO the_AT same_DA sites_NN2 and_CC concomitant_JJ with_IW our_APPGE work_NN1 ,_, we_PPIS2 believe_VV0 that_CST test_VV0 sites_NN2 were_VBDR comparable_JJ in_II habitat_NN1 structure_NN1 and_CC quality_NN1 across_II test_NN1 groups_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Only_RR one_MC1 form_NN1 appears_VVZ to_TO be_VBI constitutively_RR expressed_VVN in_II leaf_NN1 peroxisomes_NN2 and_CC the_AT different_JJ forms_NN2 occurring_VVG in_II glyoxisomes_NN2 and_CC peroxisomes_NN2 show_VV0 marked_JJ patterns_NN2 of_IO diurnal_JJ and_CC circadian_JJ regulation_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Detection_NN1 of_IO multiple_JJ hits_NN2 per_II transcript_NN1 was_VBDZ enabled_VVN by_II the_AT development_NN1 of_IO mutational_JJ profiling_NN1 (_( MaP_NN1 )_) ,_, a_AT1 protocol_NN1 for_IF primer_NN1 extension_NN1 and_CC next-generation_JJ sequencing_NN1 that_CST allows_VVZ reverse_JJ transcriptases_NN2 to_TO bypass_VVI modification_NN1 sites_NN2 and_CC incorporate_VVI mutations_NN2 into_II the_AT cDNA_NN1 transcript_NN1 instead_II21 of_II22 terminating_VVG at_II those_DD2 sites_NN2 (_( Siegfried_NP1 et_RA21 al_RA22 ._. 
</s>
<s>
2014_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Although_CS TLRs_NP1 form_NN1 homodimers_NN2 or_CC heterodimers_NN2 before_II ligand_NN1 stimulation_NN1 (_( Triantafilou_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2006_MC )_) ,_, further_RRR structural_JJ modifications_NN2 of_IO these_DD2 TLR_NP1 dimers_NN2 seem_VV0 to_TO be_VBI necessary_JJ for_IF their_APPGE activation_NN1 of_IO downstream_JJ signaling_NN1 via_II the_AT TIR_NN1 domains_NN2 (_( Gay_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2006_MC )_) (_( Figure_NN1 2B_FO )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Lower_JJR resolution_NN1 video-clips_NN2 have_VH0 also_RR been_VBN uploaded_VVN as_CSA supplementary_JJ information_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Therefore_RR ,_, it_PPH1 will_VM be_VBI useful_JJ to_TO use_VVI this_DD1 approach_NN1 to_TO understand_VVI the_AT relative_JJ importance_NN1 of_IO foraging_VVG and_CC predation-related_JJ benefits_NN2 in_II temperate_JJ flocks_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Analysis_NN1 of_IO root_NN1 hair_NN1 mutants_NN2 in_II lotus_NN1 and_CC rice_NN1 ,_, which_DDQ both_DB2 differ_VV0 from_II Arabidopsis_NP1 in_II31 terms_II32 of_II33 root_NN1 hair_NN1 patterns_NN2 ,_, revealed_VVD new_JJ developmental_JJ regulators_NN2 (_( Karas_NN2 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2009_MC ;_; Ding_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2009_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
In_II some_DD instances_NN2 ,_, the_AT research_NN1 element_NN1 in_II PFTs_NP1 is_VBZ even_RR presented_VVN as_CSA secondary_JJ to_II treatment_NN1 access_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Viral_JJ infection_NN1 triggers_VVZ an_AT1 innate_JJ antiviral_JJ response_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Indeed_RR ,_, we_PPIS2 found_VVD that_CST the_AT median_JJ microarray_NN1 expression_NN1 difference_NN1 is_VBZ 1.48-fold_JJ for_IF gene_NN1 pairs_NN2 having_VHG twofold_JJ RNA-Seq_NP1 expression_NN1 differences_NN2 (_( P_ZZ1 =_FO 2.5_MC ×_II 108_MC ,_, Mann-Whitney_NP1 U_JJ test_NN1 )_) (_( Fig._NN1 1e_FO )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT study_NN1 also_RR highlights_VVZ the_AT high_JJ prevalence_NN1 of_IO chromosomal_JJ aberrations_NN2 in_II neural_JJ samples_NN2 from_II PSCs_NP2 and_CC from_II adult_NN1 NSCs_NP1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
For_REX21 example_REX22 ,_, posthumous_JJ conception_NN1 using_VVG germ_NN1 cells_NN2 that_CST are_VBR infinitely_RR generated_VVN from_II iPSCs_NN2 or_CC somatic_JJ cells_NN2 might_VM produce_VVI unprecedented_JJ social_JJ concerns_NN2 ,_, as_II31 well_II32 as_II33 novel_JJ pedigree_NN1 diagrams_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT guide-loaded_NN1 Ago_RA platform_NN1 underlies_VVZ every_AT1 example_NN1 in_II the_AT expansive_JJ array_NN1 of_IO known_JJ RNAi_JJ pathways_NN2 in_II eukaryotes_NN2 regardless_RR of_IO the_AT source_NN1 of_IO the_AT guide_NN1 (_( structured_JJ loci_NN2 ,_, transposons_NN2 ,_, viral_JJ ,_, et_RR21 cetera_RR22 )_) ,_, the_AT machinery_NN1 used_VMK to_TO generate_VVI it_PPH1 ,_, or_CC the_AT target_NN1 RNA_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Third_MD ,_, DWGDirect_JJ calibrations_NN2 are_VBR known_VVN to_TO overestimate_VVI DWG_NP1 where_CS voluntary_JJ intake_NN1 is_VBZ constrained_VVN by_II availability_NN1 of_IO pasture_NN1 i._MC e._ZZ1 when_RRQ voluntary_JJ intake_NN1 is_VBZ constrained_VVN by_II the_AT quantity_NN1 rather_II21 than_II22 the_AT quality_NN1 of_IO pasture_NN1 available_JJ (_( Dixon_NP1 and_CC Coates_NP1 ,_, 2009_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT single-cell_JJ invasion_NN1 pathways_NN2 cited_VVN above_RL are_VBR clearly_RR incompatible_JJ with_IW one_MC1 critical_JJ element_NN1 of_IO epithelial_JJ tissue_NN1 organization_NN1 ,_, specifically_RR the_AT E-cadherin-mediated_NP1 intercellular_JJ junctions_NN2 that_CST knit_VV0 together_RL epithelial_JJ cell_NN1 sheets_NN2 and_CC prevent_VV0 dissociation_NN1 of_IO individual_JJ epithelial_JJ cells_NN2 from_II their_APPGE neighbors_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
In_II contrast_NN1 to_II the_AT ubiquitin_NN1 pathway_NN1 ,_, SUMOylation_NN1 process_NN1 is_VBZ mediated_VVN by_II a_AT1 single_JJ E2_FO enzyme_NN1 ,_, UBC9_FO ,_, and_CC a_AT1 limited_JJ number_NN1 of_IO E3_FO enzymes_NN2 &lsqb;_( 7_MC &rsqb;_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Another_DD1 concern_NN1 is_VBZ that_CST compensating_VVG women_NN2 for_IF providing_VVG eggs_NN2 could_VM create_VVI an_AT1 unfortunate_JJ precedent_NN1 in_II countries_NN2 where_RRQ payment_NN1 for_IF blood_NN1 ,_, tissues_NN2 ,_, and_CC organs_NN2 is_VBZ the_AT exception_NN1 (_( Isasi_NP1 and_CC Knoppers_NP1 ,_, 2007_MC ;_; Nuffield_NP1 Council_NN1 on_II Bioethics_NP1 ,_, 2011_MC )_) ,_, thereby_RR undermining_VVG long-established_JJ and_CC widely_RR accepted_JJ systems_NN2 of_IO nonremunerative_JJ donation_NN1 practices_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Upon_II target_NN1 binding_VVG ,_, the_AT helicase/nuclease_NN1 Cas3_FO is_VBZ recruited_VVN to_II the_AT site_NN1 and_CC processively_RR degrades_VVZ the_AT foreign_JJ DNA_NN1 (_( Hochstrasser_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2014_MC ;_; Mulepati_NP1 and_CC Bailey_NP1 ,_, 2011_MC ;_; Sinkunas_NN2 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2011_MC ;_; Sinkunas_NN2 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2013_MC ;_; Westra_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2012_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
This_DD1 skin_NN1 is_VBZ mentioned_VVN in_II a_AT1 footnote_NN1 added_VVN by_II Oliv??rio_NP1 Pinto_NP1 to_II the_AT Portuguese_JJ translation_NN1 (_( 2nd_MD edition_NN1 )_) of_IO Prince_NNB Maximilian_NP1 Wied_JJ '_NULL s_ZZ1 book_NN1 (_( zu_FW Wied-Neuwied_JJ 1958_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
Sedimentation_NN1 inhibits_VVZ recruitment_NN1 of_IO spirorbid_JJ polychaetes_NN2 (_( Connell_NP1 ,_, 2003_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
They_PPHS2 also_RR illustrate_VV0 that_CST the_AT precise_JJ subcellular_JJ location_NN1 can_VM define_VVI signaling_VVG specificity_NN1 in_II a_AT1 manner_NN1 that_CST is_VBZ not_XX yet_RR understood_VVN ._. 
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<s>
Our_APPGE genetic_JJ samples_NN2 comprised_VVD 3,134_MC grizzly_JJ bears_NN2 from_II approximately_RR 1,000,000_MC km2_FO of_IO the_AT grizzly_JJ bear_NN1 distribution_NN1 in_II the_AT northern_JJ conterminous_JJ US_NP1 (_( northwestern_JJ Montana_NP1 ,_, northwestern_JJ Wyoming_NP1 ,_, northern_JJ Idaho_NP1 )_) ,_, most_DAT of_IO BC_NP1 and_CC Alberta_NP1 ,_, and_CC 3_MC small_JJ areas_NN2 in_II the_AT southern_JJ Northwest_NP1 Territories_NN2 (_( NWT_NP1 )_) ,_, Yukon_NP1 ,_, and_CC southeastern_JJ Alaska_NP1 (_( Fig._NN1 2_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
DISCUSSIONOur_VV0 review_NN1 shows_VVZ that_DD1 expansion_NN1 of_IO golden_JJ jackals_NN2 in_II eastern_JJ and_CC central_JJ Europe_NP1 is_VBZ ongoing_JJ ._. 
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<s>
As_CSA described_VVN earlier_RRR ,_, these_DD2 responses_NN2 were_VBDR primarily_RR monitored_VVN by_II video_NN1 cameras_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Our_APPGE study_NN1 results_NN2 corroborate_VV0 other_JJ research_NN1 suggesting_VVG the_AT abundance_NN1 and_CC distribution_NN1 of_IO bobcats_NN2 had_VHD expanded_VVN over_II the_AT past_JJ 2_MC decades_NNT2 in_II Illinois_NP1 ,_, whereas_CS those_DD2 of_IO gray_JJ foxes_NN2 have_VH0 decreased_VVN (_( Nielsen_NP1 and_CC Woolf_NP1 2002_MC ,_, Roberts_NP1 and_CC Crimmins_NP1 2010_MC ,_, Bluett_NP1 2013_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Split-root_JJ experiments_NN2 with_IW tomato_NN1 (_( Solanum_NP1 lycopersicum_NN1 )_) and_CC Glomus_NP1 mosseae_NN2 revealed_VVD a_AT1 systemic_JJ bioprotective_JJ effect_NN1 in_II the_AT roots_NN2 against_II challenge_NN1 with_IW Phytohpthora_NP1 parasitica_NN1 (_( Cordier_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 1998_MC ;_; Pozo_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2002_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
However_RR ,_, other_JJ experimental_JJ and_CC computational_JJ studies_NN2 show_VV0 that_CST large_JJ scale_NN1 surface_NN1 reconstruction_NN1 may_VM take_VVI place_NN1 after_II adsorption_NN1 of_IO small_JJ molecules_NN2 (_( Eralp_NP1 et_RA21 al_RA22 ._. 
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<s>
2011_MC ;_; Gibbs_NP1 et_RA21 al_RA22 ._. 
</s>
<s>
1990_MC ;_; Lal_NP1 et_RA21 al_RA22 ._. 
</s>
<s>
2004_MC ,_, 2006_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
All_DB measurements_NN2 of_IO antlers_NN2 and_CC horns_NN2 were_VBDR obtained_VVN according_II21 to_II22 strict_JJ methods_NN2 and_CC guidelines_NN2 that_CST are_VBR specific_JJ for_IF each_DD1 category_NN1 of_IO game_NN1 recognized_VVN by_II the_AT Boone_NN1 and_CC Crockett_NP1 Club_NN1 (_( Buckner_NP1 et_RA21 al_RA22 ._. 
</s>
<s>
2009_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Comparisons_NN2 of_IO the_AT fitness_NN1 of_IO the_AT AN_AT1 and_CC PE_NN1 arrangements_NN2 in_II the_AT foreign_JJ coastal_JJ genetic_JJ background_NN1 ,_, in_II inland_JJ habitat_NN1 ,_, revealed_VVD that_CST the_AT inversion_NN1 had_VHD a_AT1 moderate_JJ individual_JJ locus_NN1 effect_NN1 on_II selection_NN1 against_II immigrants_NN2 (_( RII_NP1 ,_, Inversion_NN1 =_FO 0.150_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
As_CSA described_VVN throughout_II this_DD1 review_NN1 ,_, tools_NN2 have_VH0 now_RT been_VBN developed_VVN to_TO monitor_VVI a_AT1 vast_JJ array_NN1 of_IO cellular_JJ constituents_NN2 in_II live_JJ cells_NN2 using_VVG fluorescence_NN1 microscopy_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT directed_JJ library_NN1 (_( based_VVN on_II the_AT target_NN1 structure_NN1 )_) had_VHD both_RR higher_RRR hit_VVN rates_NN2 (_( 6%-7%_FO versus_II 2%-3%_FO )_) and_CC higher_JJR affinity_NN1 hits_NN2 (_( threeto_NN1 fourfold_JJ more_RGR potent_JJ )_) than_CSN the_AT diverse_JJ library_NN1 ,_, based_VVN on_II libraries_NN2 of_IO 1000_MC compounds_NN2 (_( 66_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
We_PPIS2 used_VVD 2_MC primary_JJ sampling_NN1 periods_NN2 in_II our_APPGE study_NN1 (_( pre-and_CC postconstruction_NN1 )_) with_IW the_AT secondary_JJ sampling_NN1 periods_NN2 consisting_VVG of_IO 7_MC weeks_NNT2 of_IO hair_NN1 sampling_VVG during_II each_DD1 of_IO the_AT 2_MC primary_JJ periods_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
To_TO define_VVI the_AT genetic_JJ requirements_NN2 for_IF pancreatic_JJ ductal_JJ adenocarcinoma_NN1 (_( PDA_NP1 )_) ,_, we_PPIS2 have_VH0 targeted_VVN concomitant_JJ endogenous_JJ expression_NN1 of_IO Trp53R172H_FO and_CC KrasG12D_FO to_II the_AT mouse_NN1 pancreas_NN1 ,_, revealing_VVG the_AT cooperative_JJ development_NN1 of_IO invasive_JJ and_CC widely_RR metastatic_JJ carcinoma_NN1 that_CST recapitulates_VVZ the_AT human_JJ disease_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Both_DB2 *beast_FO and_CC MDC_MC analyses_NN2 recovered_VVD the_AT montanus_NN1 group_NN1 as_CSA monophyletic_JJ (_( PP=0.99_FO )_) in_II agreement_NN1 with_IW previous_JJ analyses_NN2 (_( Schulte_NP1 etal_JJ ._. 
</s>
<s>
Rigorous_JJ evaluation_NN1 of_IO stem_NN1 cell_NN1 interventions_NN2 for_IF safety_NN1 and_CC efficacy_NN1 therefore_RR requires_VVZ randomized_JJ trials_NN2 involving_VVG sham_NN1 comparators_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
We_PPIS2 have_VH0 mutants_NN2 that_CST are_VBR defective_JJ in_II this_DD1 transport_NN1 ,_, and_CC recently_RR identified_VVN some_DD genes_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
These_DD2 findings_NN2 suggest_VV0 that_CST variants_NN2 in_II NOD2_FO may_VM contribute_VVI to_II inflammatory_JJ conditions_NN2 such_II21 as_II22 CD_NN1 ,_, not_XX only_RR through_II impairment_NN1 of_IO NOD-mediated_JJ inflammatory_JJ responses_NN2 ,_, but_CCB also_RR through_II ER_NP1 stress-induced_JJ autophagy_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
CRISPR_NP1 immunity_NN1 begins_VVZ with_IW the_AT detection_NN1 and_CC integration_NN1 of_IO foreign_JJ DNA_NN1 into_II the_AT host_NN1 cell_NN1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 chromosome_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Apparently_RR ,_, an_AT1 exact_JJ mininiche_NN1 on_II the_AT root_NN1 has_VHZ to_TO be_VBI colonized_VVN to_TO protect_VVI the_AT plant_NN1 against_II the_AT pathogen_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Medicinal_JJ product_NN1 development_NN1 ,_, from_II discovery_NN1 to_II marketing_NN1 authorization_NN1 ,_, is_VBZ thus_RR a_AT1 costly_JJ ,_, lengthy_JJ ,_, highly_RR regulated_VVN ,_, and_CC high-risk_JJ process_NN1 (_( Figure_NN1 1_MC1 )_) ._. 
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<s>
With_IW the_AT UK_NP1 now_RT fully_RR embarking_VVG on_II its_APPGE policy_NN1 experiment_NN1 of_IO supporting_VVG MRT_NP1 for_IF clinical_JJ use_NN1 ,_, other_JJ countries_NN2 will_VM now_RT be_VBI forced_VVN to_TO confront_VVI how_RRQ they_PPHS2 regulate_VV0 this_DD1 controversial_JJ form_NN1 of_IO ART_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Experiments_NN2 are_VBR currently_RR underway_RR grafting_VVG cells_NN2 into_II a_AT1 closed_JJ contusion_NN1 cavity_NN1 in_II rats_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT evidence_NN1 to_TO support_VVI the_AT guilty_JJ verdict_NN1 is_VBZ overwhelming_JJ ._. 
</s>
<s>
Certificates_NN2 of_IO Confidentiality_NN1 are_VBR issued_VVN by_II agencies_NN2 of_IO the_AT federal_JJ government_NN1 to_TO protect_VVI identifiable_JJ research_NN1 information_NN1 from_II forced_JJ disclosure_NN1 in_II any_DD legal_JJ proceeding_NN1 (_( 78_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
In_II this_DD1 Review_NN1 ,_, we_PPIS2 focus_VV0 on_II mechanisms_NN2 and_CC structures_NN2 that_CST govern_VV0 RNA_NN1 silencing_VVG in_II higher_JJR organisms_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
In_II the_AT event_NN1 that_CST we_PPIS2 obtain_VV0 no_AT proximate_JJ responses_NN2 at_II tested_JJ noise_NN1 levels_NN2 ,_, a_AT1 useful_JJ result_NN1 will_VM be_VBI the_AT noise_NN1 level_NN1 below_II which_DDQ no_AT responses_NN2 occurred_VVD ._. 
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<s>
BWA-SW_ND1 differs_VVZ from_II BWT-SW_ND1 in_II several_DA2 aspects_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
First_MD ,_, HLA_NP1 matching_NN1 was_VBDZ based_VVN on_II HLA_NP1 types_NN2 defined_VVN at_II the_AT highest_JJT specificity_NN1 level_NN1 for_IF the_AT three_MC most_RGT relevant_JJ loci_NN2 known_VVN to_TO influence_VVI graft_NN1 rejection_NN1 (_( HLA-A_NP1 ,_, -B_NP1 ,_, and_CC -DR_NNB )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Energy_NN1 and_CC nutrient_NN1 management_NN1 in_II all_DB organisms_NN2 requires_VVZ the_AT highly_RR regulated_VVN and_CC coordinated_JJ operation_NN1 of_IO many_DA2 homeostatic_JJ systems_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
This_DD1 is_VBZ illustrated_VVN by_II the_AT fact_NN1 that_CST many_DA2 cancer_NN1 genes_NN2 only_RR lead_VV0 to_II tumors_NN2 if_CS they_PPHS2 are_VBR mutated_VVN in_II the_AT germline_NN1 (_( 113_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
SMC_NN1 protein_NN1 complexes_NN2 are_VBR the_AT key_JJ players_NN2 in_II the_AT spatiotemporal_JJ organization_NN1 and_CC maintenance_NN1 of_IO DNA_NN1 from_II bacteria_NN2 to_II humans_NN2 and_CC are_VBR essential_JJ for_IF many_DA2 chromosomal_JJ processes_NN2 such_II21 as_II22 compaction_NN1 ,_, chromosome_NN1 segregation_NN1 ,_, DNA_NN1 repair_NN1 ,_, and_CC gene_NN1 regulation_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Unfortunately_RR ,_, very_RG little_DA1 is_VBZ known_VVN about_II the_AT transcriptional_JJ networks_NN2 governing_VVG the_AT different_JJ cell_NN1 types_NN2 that_CST form_VV0 a_AT1 stem_NN1 cell_NN1 niche_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
And_CC ,_, it_PPH1 has_VHZ become_VVN evident_JJ that_CST one_PN1 can_VM easily_RR forget_VVI the_AT main_JJ goal_NN1 of_IO biological_JJ achievement_NN1 --_NN1 understanding_NN1 mechanisms_NN2 of_IO life_NN1 --_NN1 while_CS concentrating_VVG on_II high-throughput_JJ technologies_NN2 to_TO populate_VVI biological_JJ databases_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Larvae_NN2 of_IO other_JJ species_NN of_IO decapods_NN2 also_RR respond_VV0 behaviorally_RR to_II chemical_JJ cues_NN2 from_II potential_JJ predators_NN2 in_II flowing_JJ water_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Each_DD1 type_NN1 of_IO flow_NN1 has_VHZ multiple_JJ components_NN2 and_CC impacts_NN2 ,_, and_CC features_NN2 different_JJ spatial_JJ linkages_NN2 patterns_NN2 and_CC variable_JJ benefits_NN2 to_II rural_JJ and_CC urban_JJ areas_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
In_II this_DD1 context_NN1 ,_, in_II models_NN2 of_IO AD_NN1 ,_, A?_NP1 has_VHZ been_VBN shown_VVN to_TO impair_VVI neurogenesis_NN1 via_II calpain_NN1 activation_NN1 and_CC p35_FO deregulation_NN1 (_( 154_MC )_) ,_, however_RRQV the_AT downstream_JJ effectors_NN2 involved_VVN and_CC the_AT consequences_NN2 of_IO CDK5_FO and_CC p35/p25_JJ manipulation_NN1 remain_VV0 to_TO be_VBI revealed_VVN ._. 
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<s>
Genome_NN1 sequencing_NN1 of_IO healthy_JJ individuals_NN2 has_VHZ the_AT potential_JJ to_TO lead_VVI to_II improved_JJ well-being_NN1 and_CC disease_NN1 prevention_NN1 ,_, but_CCB numerous_JJ challenges_NN2 remain_VV0 that_CST must_VM be_VBI addressed_VVN to_TO realize_VVI these_DD2 benefits_NN2 and_CC ,_, importantly_RR ,_, these_DD2 benefits_NN2 must_VM be_VBI equitable_JJ across_II society_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
For_REX21 example_REX22 ,_, the_AT reaction_NN1 norms_NN2 of_IO motor_NN1 cortex_NN1 ,_, which_DDQ is_VBZ partly_RR organized_VVN around_II coordinated_JJ motor_NN1 routines_NN2 such_II21 as_II22 grasping_VVG and_CC defense_NN1 ,_, may_VM differ_VVI from_II those_DD2 of_IO somatosensory_JJ cortex_NN1 ,_, which_DDQ is_VBZ typically_RR organized_VVN around_II body_NN1 topology_NN1 (_( 13_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
To_TO sum_VVI up_RP :_: this_DD1 is_VBZ a_AT1 disturbing_JJ book_NN1 that_CST should_VM be_VBI read_VVN by_II those_DD2 interested_JJ in_II past_RL and_CC future_NN1 of_IO science_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Once_CS the_AT genotypes_NN2 were_VBDR completed_VVN ,_, a_AT1 computer_NN1 search_NN1 was_VBDZ performed_VVN for_IF identical_JJ genotypes_NN2 and_CC individuals_NN2 were_VBDR defined_VVN ._. 
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<s>
Harvested_VVN tumors_NN2 were_VBDR formalin_NN1 fixed_VVN prior_II21 to_II22 paraffin_NN1 embedding_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
We_PPIS2 combined_VVD our_APPGE final_JJ patch_NN1 and_CC landscape_NN1 models_NN2 to_TO create_VVI spatial_JJ predictions_NN2 from_II our_APPGE models_NN2 of_IO selection_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Intriguingly_RR ,_, MSL_NP1 proteins_NN2 have_VH0 been_VBN shown_VVN to_TO copurify_VVI with_IW several_DA2 components_NN2 of_IO the_AT nuclear_JJ pore_NN1 complex_NN1 (_( NPC_NP1 )_) 28_MC ._. 
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<s>
A_AT1 collaboration_NN1 of_IO such_DA a_AT1 scale_NN1 is_VBZ uncommon_JJ but_CCB should_VM not_XX be_VBI the_AT exception_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Additionally_RR ,_, tissue_NN1 regenerationis_NN1 often_RR driven_VVN by_II the_AT reactivation_NN1 of_IO signaling_VVG pathways_NN2 that_CST play_VV0 an_AT1 important_JJ role_NN1 during_II embryonic_JJ development_NN1 (_( e._ZZ1 g._NNU ,_, Fibroblast_NP1 Growth_NN1 Factor_NN1 signaling_VVG ,_, Wnt_NP1 signaling_VVG ,_, and_CC Hedgehog_NN1 signaling_VVG )_) ._. 
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<s>
No_AT comprehensive_JJ tally_NN1 of_IO public_NN1 ,_, private_JJ and_CC philanthropic_JJ efforts_NN2 has_VHZ been_VBN attempted_VVN ,_, but_CCB private_JJ investment_NN1 in_II marketing_NN1 computers_NN2 could_VM dwarf_VVI that_DD1 of_IO the_AT other_JJ sectors_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
This_DD1 pattern_NN1 of_IO LOH_NN1 is_VBZ not_XX consistent_JJ with_IW sexual_JJ reproduction_NN1 and_CC segregation_NN1 ,_, but_CCB rather_RR with_IW a_AT1 model_NN1 of_IO chromosome-specific_JJ variation_NN1 in_II mitotic_JJ (_( somatic_JJ )_) recombination_NN1 ,_, a_AT1 process_NN1 that_CST is_VBZ well_RR documented_VVN in_II other_JJ fungi_NN2 including_II the_AT diploid_JJ pathogenic_JJ fungus_NN1 Candida_NP1 albicans_NN2 ,_, which_DDQ exhibits_VVZ vegetative_JJ diploidy_NN1 (_( 80_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
More_DAR than_CSN 1,300_MC mutations_NN2 in_II collagen_NN1 genes_NN2 have_VH0 been_VBN characterized_VVN in_II human_JJ diseases_NN2 (_( Myllyharju_NP1 &;_NULL Kivirikko_NP1 2004_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
By_II supplementing_VVG with_IW 200_MC mM_NNU IPP_NN1 ,_, reversal_NN1 of_IO apicoplast-specific_JJ inhibition_NN1 at_II 96_MC h_ZZ1 by_II all_DB drugs_NN2 was_VBDZ observed_VVN with_IW EC50_FO values_VVZ reflective_JJ of_IO only_JJ nonspecific_JJ drug_NN1 effects_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
All_DB cows_NN2 had_VHD an_AT1 initial_JJ body_NN1 condition_NN1 score_NN1 (_( BCS_NP2 )_) of_IO between_II 4_MC and_CC 5_MC on_II a_AT1 1_MC1 to_II 10_MC scale_NN1 (_( Roche_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2004_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
A_AT1 particularly_RR important_JJ finding_NN1 in_II our_APPGE study_NN1 was_VBDZ that_DD1 old_JJ forests_NN2 represented_VVD high-quality_JJ habitat_NN1 for_IF both_DB2 owl_NN1 species_NN in_II31 terms_II32 of_II33 its_APPGE influence_NN1 on_II adult_NN1 survival_NN1 ,_, which_DDQ is_VBZ the_AT demographic_JJ trait_NN1 that_DD1 most_RGT strongly_RR influences_VVZ population_NN1 growth_NN1 rates_NN2 of_IO spotted_JJ owls_NN2 (_( Noon_NNT1 and_CC Biles_NP1 1990_MC )_) and_CC many_DA2 other_JJ long-lived_JJ birds_NN2 (_( Sther_NP1 and_CC Bakke_NP1 2000_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
On_II the_AT sperm_NN side_NN1 ,_, SP56_FO was_VBDZ also_RR reported_VVN as_II a_AT1 ligand_NN1 for_IF ZP3_FO (_( Bookbinder_NP1 et_RA21 al_RA22 ._. 
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<s>
1995_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Furthermore_RR ,_, it_PPH1 will_VM be_VBI intriguing_JJ to_TO structurally_RR dissect_VVI p53_FO '_NULL s_ZZ1 ability_NN1 to_TO efficiently_RR recruit_VVI multiple_JJ factors_NN2 during_II PIC_NN1 assembly_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
For_IF some_DD species_NN ,_, especially_RR C._NP1 hispidus_NN1 ,_, C._NP1 penicillatus_NN1 ,_, and_CC 0_MC ._. 
</s>
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leucogaster_NN1 ,_, fire_NN1 effects_NN2 decreased_VVN to_II nearly_RR zero_MC within_II 2_MC years_NNT2 after_II fire_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Interestingly_RR ,_, the_AT B._NP1 natans_NN2 nucleomorph_NN1 genome_NN1 is_VBZ somewhat_RR enriched_VVN for_IF genes_NN2 involved_JJ in_II splicing_VVG (_( e._ZZ1 g._NNU ,_, protein_NN1 components_NN2 of_IO the_AT spliceosome_JJ )_) relative_II21 to_II22 the_AT more_RGR gene-rich_JJ G._NP1 theta_NN1 genome_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT first_MD step_NN1 towards_II the_AT establishment_NN1 of_IO an_AT1 obligate_NN1 endosymbiosis_NN1 takes_VVZ place_NN1 when_CS a_AT1 free-living_JJ bacterium_NN1 infects_VVZ the_AT host_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
These_DD2 facts_NN2 suggest_VV0 that_CST changes_NN2 outside_II21 of_II22 the_AT NIH-controlled_JJ mechanism_NN1 are_VBR influencing_VVG how_RRQ and_CC when_RRQ investigators_NN2 choose_VV0 to_TO apply_VVI for_IF an_AT1 independent_JJ research_NN1 award_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Helmetophorus_NN1 rankini_NN2 differs_VVZ from_II Horned_JJ and_CC Tiburon_NN1 Bombers_NN2 most_RGT notably_RR in_II having_VHG only_RR simple_JJ neurochaetae_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Primary_JJ cultures_NN2 of_IO BMSCs_NP1 were_VBDR established_VVN either_RR as_CSA nonclonal_JJ (_( high_JJ density_NN1 ,_, >_FO 1.6_MC 3_MC 105_MC cells/cm2_FU )_) cultures_NN2 or_CC by_II plating_NN1 BM_NP1 cell_NN1 suspensions_NN2 at_II clonal_JJ density_NN1 in_BCL21 order_BCL22 to_TO obtain_VVI discrete_JJ colonies_NN2 (_( colony_NN1 forming_VVG unit-fibroblast_NN1 &lsqb;_( CFU-F_NP1 &rsqb;_) cultures_NN2 )_) (_( Friedenstein_NP1 ,_, 1980_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
We_PPIS2 then_RT selected_VVD 32_MC programs_NN2 for_IF variant_NN1 identification_NN1 ,_, variant_NN1 annotation_NN1 and_CC visualization_NN1 ,_, which_DDQ were_VBDR subjected_VVN to_II handson_NN1 evaluation_NN1 using_VVG four_MC data_NN sets_VVZ :_: one_MC1 set_NN1 of_IO wholeexome_NN1 data_NN from_II two_MC patients_NN2 with_IW a_AT1 rare_JJ disease_NN1 for_IF testing_VVG identification_NN1 of_IO germline_NN1 mutations_NN2 ,_, two_MC cancer_NN1 data_NN sets_NN2 for_IF testing_VVG variant_NN1 callers_NN2 for_IF somatic_JJ mutations_NN2 ,_, CNVs_NP1 and_CC SVs_NP1 ,_, and_CC one_MC1 semisynthetic_JJ data_NN set_VV0 for_IF testing_VVG identification_NN1 of_IO CNVs_NP1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Early_JJ tractors_NN2 powered_VVN by_II steam_NN1 engines_NN2 were_VBDR large_JJ and_CC unwieldy_JJ ,_, but_CCB the_AT invention_NN1 of_IO the_AT internal_JJ combustion_NN1 engine_NN1 at_II the_AT turn_NN1 of_IO the_AT 20th_MD century_NNT1 led_VVN to_II the_AT development_NN1 of_IO smaller_JJR and_CC more_RGR maneuverable_JJ machines_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Absorptance_NN1 changes_NN2 by_II 0.004_MC when_RRQ LAI_NP1 is_VBZ prescribed_VVN using_VVG the_AT period_NN1 1986–1990_MCMC rather_II21 than_II22 1991–1996_MCMC from_II the_AT AVHRR_NN1 timeseries_NN2 (_( test_VV0 3_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Instead_RR ,_, our_APPGE approach_NN1 ,_, which_DDQ relies_VVZ on_II friction_NN1 measurements_NN2 coupled_VVN to_II fitting_NN1 of_IO imaging_VVG data_NN to_II a_AT1 mechanical_JJ model_NN1 of_IO migration_NN1 ,_, provides_VVZ a_AT1 technique_NN1 to_TO extract_VVI forces_NN2 and_CC cell_NN1 physical_JJ properties_NN2 from_II cell_NN1 shape_NN1 and_CC cortex_NN1 dynamics_NN ._. 
</s>
<s>
Although_CS many_DA2 groups_NN2 are_VBR now_RT obtaining_VVG outstanding_JJ results_NN2 with_IW this_DD1 new_JJ generation_NN1 of_IO CMOS_NP1 detectors_NN2 ,_, the_AT number_NN1 of_IO particles_NN2 or_CC asymmetric_JJ units_NN2 being_VBG used_VVN to_TO obtain_VVI maps_NN2 with_IW resolutions_NN2 in_II the_AT 3_MC 4_MC region_NN1 is_VBZ still_RR in_II the_AT range_NN1 of_IO 30_MC 000_MC 500_MC 000_MC ,_, often_RR greater_JJR (_( Vinothkumar_NP1 ,_, 2015_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
As_CSA Gata2/Gata3_JJ deletion_NN1 in_II E7.5_FO embryos_NN2 leads_VVZ to_II defective_JJ development_NN1 of_IO both_DB2 the_AT labyrinth_NN1 and_CC the_AT junctional_JJ zones_NN2 ,_, we_PPIS2 asked_VVD whether_CSW GATA_NP1 factors_NN2 mediate_VV0 differentiation_NN1 stage-specific_JJ function_NN1 by_II promoting_VVG transcription_NN1 of_IO key_JJ genes_NN2 during_II trophoblast_NN1 progenitor_NN1 differentiation_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Converting_VVG from_II one_MC1 type_NN1 of_IO valid_JJ sample_NN1 to_II another_DD1 for_IF the_AT same_DA distribution_NN1 is_VBZ called_VVN resampling_VVG (_( 70_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
Which_DDQ factors_NN2 maintain_VV0 basal_JJ SST_NP1 release_NN1 are_VBR unclear_JJ ,_, but_CCB it_PPH1 is_VBZ well_RR recognized_VVN that_CST SST_NP1 secretion_NN1 from_II the_AT stomach_NN1 falls_VVZ rapidly_RR after_II food_NN1 intake_NN1 as_II a_AT1 consequence_NN1 of_IO release_NN1 ,_, from_II the_AT vagus_NN1 ,_, of_IO acetylcholine_NN1 acting_VVG on_II inhibitorymuscarinic_JJ receptors_NN2 located_VVN on_II D-cells_NN2 ,_, thereby_RR releasing_VVG the_AT brake_NN1 on_II acid_NN1 secretion_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
We_PPIS2 will_VM keep_VVI them_PPHO2 as_CS31 long_CS32 as_CS33 they_PPHS2 are_VBR useful_JJ ,_, unless_CS you_PPY decide_VV0 to_TO stop_VVI taking_VVG part_NN1 or_CC we_PPIS2 close_VV0 the_AT Biorepository_NP1 (_( 17_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
Curiously_RR ,_, Rendall_NP1 et_RA21 al_RA22 ._. 
</s>
<s>
(_( 2009_MC )_) support_VV0 their_APPGE argument_NN1 against_II the_AT '_NULL informational_JJ '_NULL hypothesis_NN1 by_II noting_VVG that_DD1 recent_JJ studies_NN2 have_VH0 revealed_VVN '_NULL an_AT1 informational_JJ disconnection_NN1 between_II signallers_NN2 and_CC perceivers_NN2 &lsqb;_( suggesting_VVG &rsqb;_) that_CST they_PPHS2 do_VD0 not_XX share_VVI the_AT same_DA representational_JJ parity_NN1 that_CST characterizes_VVZ human_JJ speech_NN1 '_NULL (_( page_NN1 235_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
In_II 2007_MC ,_, it_PPH1 was_VBDZ shown_VVN that_CST a_AT1 spacer_NN1 matching_VVG a_AT1 phage_NN1 genome_NN1 immunizes_VVZ the_AT host_NN1 microbe_NN1 against_II the_AT corresponding_JJ phage_NN1 and_CC that_DD1 infection_NN1 by_II a_AT1 novel_JJ phage_NN1 leads_VVZ to_II the_AT expansion_NN1 of_IO the_AT CRISPR_NN1 array_NN1 by_II addition_NN1 of_IO new_JJ spacers_NN2 originating_VVG from_II the_AT phage_NN1 genome_NN1 (_( Barrangou_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2007_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
More_RGR recent_JJ events_NN2 involving_VVG stem_NN1 cell_NN1 research_NN1 in_II South_ND1 Korea_NP1 remind_VV0 the_AT reader_NN1 of_IO the_AT dilemma_NN1 that_CST Halpern_NP1 leaves_VVZ for_IF others_NN2 to_TO answer_VVI :_: how_RRQ are_VBR local_JJ research_NN1 and_CC safety_NN1 boards_NN2 to_TO properly_RR protect_VVI participants_NN2 in_II clinical_JJ research_NN1 against_II therapeutic_JJ misconception_NN1 and_CC fraud_NN1 ?_? 
</s>
<s>
We_PPIS2 used_VVD an_AT1 interim_JJ transportation_NN1 dataset_NN1 developed_VVD jointly_RR by_II the_AT Bureau_NN1 of_IO Land_NP1 Management_NN1 (_( BLM_NP1 )_) Cheyenne_JJ State_NN1 office_NN1 ,_, and_CC the_AT U._NP1 S._NP1 Geological_JJ Survey_NN1 (_( USGS_NP2 )_) Fort_NP1 Collins_NP1 Science_NN1 Center_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Therefore_RR ,_, the_AT present_JJ results_NN2 do_VD0 not_XX support_VVI the_AT neutral_JJ model_NN1 at_RR21 least_RR22 for_IF the_AT studied_JJ spatial_JJ scale_NN1 (_( <6_FO km_NNU )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Therefore_RR we_PPIS2 preferred_VVD not_XX to_TO include_VVI them_PPHO2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Orally_RR administered_VVN ,_, these_DD2 agents_NN2 have_VH0 common_JJ side_NN1 effects_NN2 that_CST include_VV0 hypertension_NN1 ,_, diarrhoea_NN1 ,_, skin_NN1 lesions_NN2 and_CC fatigue_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
It_PPH1 would_VM not_XX support_VVI the_AT notion_NN1 that_CST differential_JJ allocation_NN1 of_IO resources_NN2 between_II soma_NN1 and_CC germline_VV0 mechanistically_RR underlies_VVZ aging_NN1 ,_, however_RR ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT arms_NN2 of_IO Asterias_NP2 rubens_NN2 are_VBR broad_JJ at_II the_AT base_NN1 and_CC taper_NN1 gradually_RR towards_II the_AT tip_NN1 (_( Hayward_NP1 and_CC Ryland_NP1 ,_, In_II agreement_NN1 with_IW normal_JJ exocytotic_JJ trafficking_NN1 ,_, we_PPIS2 also_RR found_VVD no_AT impairment_NN1 of_IO collagenolysis_NN1 (_( Figures_VVZ 2M_NNU and_CC 2N_FO )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
In_II31 addition_II32 to_II33 CHOP_NN1 ,_, ATF4_FO and_CC p53_FO are_VBR also_RR involved_JJ in_II the_AT direct_JJ transcriptional_JJ upregulation_NN1 of_IO BH3-only_JJ proteins_NN2 under_II ER_NP1 stress5_FO ._. 
</s>
<s>
A_AT1 paradigmatic_JJ example_NN1 of_IO an_AT1 explicit_JJ genotype–phenotype_NN1 map_NN1 relates_VVZ RNA_NN1 sequences_NN2 to_II their_APPGE secondary_JJ structures_NN2 predicted_VVN by_II complementary_JJ base_NN1 pairing88_FO ._. 
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<s>
Therefore_RR ,_, instead_II21 of_II22 using_VVG geological_JJ calibration_NN1 points_NN2 ,_, we_PPIS2 applied_VVD a_AT1 different_JJ approach_NN1 in_II which_DDQ the_AT substitution_NN1 rate_NN1 and_CC standard_JJ error_NN1 of_IO the_AT 12S_MC2 marker_NN1 (_( 0.007550.00247_MC )_) were_VBDR inferred_VVN from_II fully_RR calibrated_VVN lizard_NN1 phylogenies_NN2 and_CC used_VVN as_II an_AT1 informative_JJ prior_JJ ,_, following_VVG Carranza_NP1 &;_NULL Arnold_NP1 (_( 2012_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
Despite_II the_AT controversy_NN1 surrounding_VVG the_AT issue_NN1 of_IO whether_CSW hemozoin_NN1 is_VBZ proor_NN1 anti-inflammatory_JJ ,_, hemozoin_NN1 including_II its_APPGE synthetic_JJ version_NN1 is_VBZ immunologically_RR active_JJ ,_, acting_VVG as_CSA TLR9_FO agonist_NN1 and_CC a_AT1 potent_JJ adjuvant_NN1 for_IF many_DA2 vaccine_NN1 applications_NN2 (_( C._NP1 C._NP1 ,_, unpublished_JJ data_NN )_) ,_, which_DDQ does_VDZ not_XX necessarily_RR exclude_VVI the_AT possibility_NN1 of_IO other_JJ TLR9_FO ligands_VVZ such_II21 as_II22 Plasmodium_NP1 DNA_NN1 and_CC an_AT1 unknown_JJ heat-labile_NN1 TLR9_FO ligand_VV0 in_II P._NP1 falciparum_NN1 (_( reviewed_VVN in_II Coban_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2007_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT levels_NN2 of_IO inflammatory_JJ cells_NN2 had_VHD also_RR subsided_VVN except_II21 for_II22 those_DD2 closely_RR associated_VVN with_IW the_AT mPanIN_NN1 lesions_NN2 (_( data_NN not_XX shown_VVN )_) ._. 
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<s>
While_CS the_AT rate_NN1 of_IO attaining_VVG a_AT1 Ph_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
D._NP1 for_IF the_AT baby_NN1 boom_NN1 cohort_NN1 is_VBZ less_DAR than_CSN today_RT '_NULL s_ZZ1 generation_NN1 ,_, the_AT expanded_JJ population_NN1 of_IO researchers_NN2 greatly_RR increased_VVD the_AT population_NN1 of_IO graduate_NN1 and_CC postdoctoral_JJ trainees_NN2 looking_VVG for_IF independent_JJ research_NN1 positions_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
This_DD1 symbiosis_NN1 is_VBZ the_AT most_RGT widespread_JJ association_NN1 in_II temperate_JJ and_CC boreal_JJ biomes_NN2 where_CS it_PPH1 is_VBZ formed_VVN by_II 95%_NNU of_IO forest_NN1 trees_NN2 (_( Smith_NP1 &;_NULL Read_VVD 2008_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
A_AT1 randomized_JJ trial_NN1 comparing_VVG bevacizumab_NN1 (_( a_AT1 closely_RR related_JJ antibody_NN1 )_) with_IW ranibizumab_NN1 will_VM directly_RR evaluate_VVI the_AT potential_JJ effects_NN2 of_IO reduced_JJ treatment_NN1 frequency_NN1 to_TO alleviate_VVI the_AT burden_NN1 of_IO monthly_JJ intravitreal_JJ injections_NN2 (_( http_NNU :_: //www.med_FU ._. 
</s>
<s>
One_MC1 example_NN1 is_VBZ the_AT inhibition_NN1 of_IO starch_NN1 breakdown_NN1 by_II Tre6P_FO (_( see_VV0 above_RL )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
It_PPH1 is_VBZ vital_JJ that_CST these_DD2 must_VM be_VBI taken_VVN into_II account_NN1 when_CS developing_VVG and_CC implementing_VVG infection_NN1 prevention_NN1 and_CC control_NN1 interventions_NN2 ,_, for_IF them_PPHO2 to_TO be_VBI successful_JJ and_CC sustainable_JJ ._. 
</s>
<s>
Sharing_VVG human_JJ genomic_JJ data_NN is_VBZ of_IO critical_JJ importance_NN1 as_CS31 long_CS32 as_CS33 we_PPIS2 ensure_VV0 the_AT privacy_NN1 of_IO the_AT subjects_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT bleach_NN1 was_VBDZ removed_VVN in_II several_DA2 DI_NN1 water_NN1 exchanges_NN2 and_CC the_AT samples_NN2 subsequently_RR stained_VVN in_II 1%_NNU Safranin-O_NP1 in_II ethanol_NN1 in_II a_AT1 dehydration_NN1 step_NN1 process_NN1 (_( 30_MC ,_, 50_MC ,_, 70_MC and_CC 100%_NNU )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
GO_VV0 analysis_NN1 revealed_VVD that_CST a_AT1 number_NN1 of_IO cell_NN1 cycle_NN1 ,_, cell_NN1 division_NN1 ,_, and_CC mitosis_NN1 processes_NN2 ,_, as_II31 well_II32 as_II33 DNA_NN1 and_CC lipid_JJ metabolic_JJ processes_NN2 ,_, were_VBDR among_II the_AT list_NN1 of_IO enriched_JJ biological_JJ functions_NN2 in_II both_RR human_JJ and_CC murine_JJ infected_JJ cells_NN2 ,_, regardless_RR of_IO parasite_NN1 strains_NN2 (_( data_NN not_XX shown_VVN )_) ._. 
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<s>
This_DD1 research_NN1 was_VBDZ supported_VVN by_II grant_NN1 R01MH048171_FO from_II the_AT National_JJ Institute_NN1 of_IO Mental_JJ Health_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT Wellcome_NP1 Trust_NN1 Centre_NN1 for_IF Cell_NN1 Biology_NN1 is_VBZ supported_VVN by_II core_NN1 funding_NN1 from_II the_AT Wellcome_NP1 Trust_NN1 (_( 092076_MC and_CC 203149_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
One_MC1 may_VM relate_VVI such_DA a_AT1 description_NN1 to_II corresponding_VVG Markov_NP1 jump_NN1 processes_NN2 &lsqb;_( 2,7,8_MC &rsqb;_) similarly_RR to_II the_AT transition_NN1 from_II the_AT Liouville_NP1 equation_NN1 to_II the_AT Boltzmann_NP1 equation_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Nevertheless_RR I_PPIS1 can_VM really_RR recommend_VVI this_DD1 book_NN1 as_II a_AT1 further_JJR up-to-date_JJ reference_NN1 text_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Although_CS books_NN2 written_VVN in_II this_DD1 manner_NN1 sometimes_RT tend_VV0 to_TO overlap_VVI in_II certain_JJ areas_NN2 ,_, there_EX are_VBR surprisingly_RR few_DA2 duplications_NN2 among_II the_AT chapters_NN2 in_II the_AT book_NN1 ,_, a_AT1 certain_JJ sign_NN1 of_IO good_JJ editing_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
During_II this_DD1 transition_NN1 phase_NN1 ,_, them_PPHO2 yeloid_JJ lineage_NN1 program_NN1 is_VBZ not_XX activated_VVN ,_, probably_RR because_CS both_DB2 Notch_VV0 signal_NN1 and_CC PAX5_FO activity_NN1 suppress_VV0 the_AT myeloid_JJ program_NN1 (_( Nutt_NP1 et_RA21 al_RA22 ._. 
</s>
<s>
1999_MC ;_; Busslinger_NP1 2004_MC ;_; Rothenberg_NP1 et_RA21 al_RA22 ._. 
</s>
<s>
2008_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Both_DB2 owls_NN2 fed_VVN upon_II similar_JJ proportions_NN2 of_IO semi-arboreal_JJ species_NN ,_, but_CCB within_II this_DD1 prey_NN1 group_NN1 ,_, spotted_JJ owls_NN2 fed_VVD more_RGR heavily_RR on_II nocturnal_JJ woodrats_NN2 and_CC barred_VVD owls_NN2 fed_VVD more_RGR heavily_RR on_II diurnal_JJ squirrels_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Forces_NN2 and_CC torques_NN2 are_VBR calculated_VVN from_II summing_VVG the_AT contribution_NN1 of_IO all_DB MTs_NP2 in_II the_AT aster_NN1 pairs_NN2 ,_, based_VVN on_II hypotheses_NN2 on_II single_JJ astral_NN1 MT_NP1 forces_NN2 detailed_VVN in_II the_AT main_JJ text_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Distribution_NN1 of_IO EC-M_NP1 cranes_NN2 on_II their_APPGE breeding_NN1 grounds_NN2 in_II Minnesota_NP1 approaches_NN2 and_CC possibly_RR overlaps_VVZ with_IW the_AT EP_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Although_CS the_AT nature_NN1 of_IO the_AT systemic_JJ signal_NN1 has_VHZ long_RR been_VBN debated_VVN ,_, several_DA2 studies_NN2 have_VH0 indicated_VVN that_CST the_AT vascular_JJ system_NN1 is_VBZ involved_JJ in_II the_AT transportation_NN1 of_IO this_DD1 mobile_JJ signal_NN1 (_( 35_MC ,_, 88_MC ,_, 107_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT 1960s_MC2 also_RR witnessed_VVD the_AT emergence_NN1 of_IO critics_NN2 of_IO the_AT nonsustainable_JJ nature_NN1 of_IO some_DD modes_NN2 of_IO production_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Clearly_RR ,_, further_JJR research_NN1 is_VBZ needed_VVN to_TO determine_VVI whether_CSW use_NN1 of_IO the_AT term_NN1 habit_NN1 implies_VVZ non-addiction_NN1 to_II the_AT lay_JJ public_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
AS_II :_: Always_RR let_VV0 the_AT science_NN1 lead_VVI the_AT way_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Upon_II one_MC1 hour_NNT1 incubation_NN1 ,_, suffcient_JJ time_NNT1 to_TO achieve_VVI adequate_JJ cellular_JJ uptake_NN1 and_CC labeling_VVG ,_, no_AT significant_JJ change_NN1 in_II cellular_JJ proliferation_NN1 was_VBDZ observed_VVN in_II two_MC cell_NN1 lines_NN2 tested_VVD ._. 
</s>
<s>
For_REX21 example_REX22 ,_, mtDNA_NN1 molecules_NN2 with_IW a_AT1 pathogenic_JJ deletion_NN1 are_VBR several_DA2 kilobases_NN2 smaller_JJR than_CSN wild-type_JJ mtDNA_NN1 molecules_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Given_VVN our_APPGE evolving_JJ understanding_NN1 of_IO the_AT microbiome_NN1 ,_, longstanding_JJ clinical_JJ observations_NN2 ,_, such_II21 as_II22 the_AT connections_NN2 between_II bile_NN1 acids_NN2 or_CC dietary_JJ components_NN2 and_CC gastrointestinal_JJ cancers_NN2 ,_, should_VM be_VBI reconsidered_VVN with_IW a_AT1 fresh_JJ perspective_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
HiTEC_NN1 64-bit_NN1 version_NN1 was_VBDZ used_VVN for_IF all_DB the_AT experiments_NN2 since_CS the_AT 32-bit_NN1 version_NN1 was_VBDZ not_XX able_JK to_TO run_VVI on_II some_DD of_IO the_AT data_NN ._. 
</s>
<s>
PLXs_NP1 are_VBR currently_RR in_II clinical_JJ trials_NN2 for_IF critical_JJ limb_NN1 ischemia_NN1 ,_, and_CC promising_JJ recent_JJ data_NN in_II animal_NN1 models_NN2 also_RR suggest_VV0 potential_NN1 in_II acute_JJ myocardial_JJ infarction_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Only_RR 18_MC of_IO the_AT 120_MC possible_JJ 5-step_JJ mutational_JJ trajectories_NN2 from_II wild_JJ type_NN1 to_II high-resistance_JJ enzyme_NN1 were_VBDR accessible_JJ under_II strong_JJ selection_NN1 ,_, and_CC the_AT single_JJ most_RGT likely_JJ trajectory_NN1 would_VM be_VBI used_VVN in_II almost_RR half_DB of_IO the_AT cases_NN2 (_( discussed_VVN in_II detail_NN1 below_RL )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
We_PPIS2 compared_VVD the_AT Pearson_NP1 '_NULL 2_MC °f_FO global_JJ model_NN1 (_( full_JJ parameterization_NN1 )_) with_IW the_AT distribution_NN1 of_IO '_NULL 2_MC values_NN2 based_VVN on_II 10,000_MC parametric_JJ bootstrapping_NN1 replicates_VVZ ._. 
</s>
<s>
Water_NN1 temperature_NN1 appears_VVZ to_TO play_VVI a_AT1 role_NN1 in_II the_AT expression_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 nutrient_NN1 effect_NN1 and_CC may_VM be_VBI an_AT1 important_JJ factor_NN1 to_TO consider_VVI in_II the_AT application_NN1 of_IO the_AT NPI_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
In_RR21 addition_RR22 ,_, the_AT two_MC double-blind_JJ studies_NN2 both_RR failed_VVN to_TO meet_VVI their_APPGE primary_JJ end_NN1 point_NN1 on_II efficacy_NN1 with_IW some_DD patients_NN2 also_RR developing_JJ side_NN1 effects_NN2 in_II the_AT form_NN1 of_IO graft-induced_JJ dyskinesias_NN2 (_( reviewed_VVN in_II Barker_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2013_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Therefore_RR ,_, besides_II Cd_NN1 uptake_NN1 ,_, the_AT plant_NN1 phenotype_NN1 was_VBDZ investigated_VVN ._. 
</s>
<s>
Studies_NN2 conducted_VVN in_II inland_JJ waters_NN2 where_CS both_DB2 regional_JJ and_CC local_JJ factors_NN2 have_VH0 been_VBN investigated_VVN point_NN1 to_II the_AT potential_JJ importance_NN1 of_IO species_NN sorting_VVG (_( Beisner_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2006_MC ;_; Van_NP1 der_NP1 Gucht_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2007_MC ;_; Besemer_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2009_MC ;_; Lindstrm_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2010_MC ;_; Logue_NP1 and_CC Lindstrm_NP1 ,_, 2010_MC )_) ,_, mass_JJ effects_NN2 (_( Lindstrm_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2006_MC ;_; Nelson_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2009_MC )_) ,_, neutral_JJ processes_NN2 (_( Drakare_NP1 and_CC Liess_NP1 ,_, 2010_MC ;_; ?_? stman_NN1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2010_MC )_) as_II31 well_II32 as_II33 a_AT1 combination_NN1 of_IO regional_JJ and_CC local_JJ forces_NN2 (_( Crump_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2007_MC ;_; Langenheder_NP1 and_CC Ragnars-son_NN1 ,_, 2007_MC ;_; Barbern_NP1 and_CC Casamayor_NP1 ,_, 2010_MC ;_; Langenheder_NP1 and_CC Szekely_NP1 ,_, 2011_MC )_) ._. ?_? stman_NN1 and_CC colleagues_NN2 (_( 2010_MC )_) sug-gested_VVD that_CST the_AT relative_JJ importance_NN1 of_IO species_NN sorting_VVG and_CC neutral_JJ processes_NN2 depends_VVZ on_II the_AT environmental_JJ hetero-geneity_NN1 among_II sites_NN2 ,_, where_CS a_AT1 greater_JJR environmental_JJ variation_NN1 would_VM promote_VVI species_NN sorting_VVG ._. 
</s>
<s>
Regulation_NN1 of_IO Polycomb_NP1 Repression_NN1 We_PPIS2 next_MD examined_VVD the_AT transitions_NN2 of_IO H3K27me3_FO during_II in_JJ21 vitro_JJ22 PGC_NP1 specification_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Miledi_NP1 at_II the_AT Department_NN1 of_IO Biophysics_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT tree_NN1 obtained_VVD herein_RR shows_VVZ that_CST the_AT spined_JJ band_NN1 has_VHZ been_VBN lost_VVN at_RR21 least_RR22 two_MC times_NNT2 (_( in_II A.robusta_NP1 and_CC in_II the_AT clade_NN1 formed_VVN by_II A.leonoides_NP1 +_FO A.bistrigata_NP1 +_FO A.dispar_NP1 )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
We_PPIS2 performed_VVD measurements_NN2 on_II interphase_NN1 and_CC mitotic_JJ cells_NN2 in_II the_AT asynchronous_JJ population_NN1 using_VVG highly_RR inclined_JJ and_CC laminated_JJ optical_JJ sheet_NN1 (_( HILO_NP1 )_) microscopy_NN1 (_( Tokunaga_NP1 et_RA21 al_RA22 ._. 
</s>
<s>
2008_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
They_PPHS2 also_RR experienced_VVD far_RG greater_JJR variation_NN1 in_II their_APPGE levels_NN2 of_IO GCs_NP1 than_CSN any_DD other_JJ male_NN1 ,_, as_II31 well_II32 as_II33 high_JJ variation_NN1 in_II their_APPGE androgen_NN1 levels_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Adam19_FO expression_NN1 is_VBZ also_RR elevated_VVN in_II IBD_NP1 (_( 104_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Non-Neotropical_JJ genera_NN2 that_CST hitherto_RT have_VH0 been_VBN placed_VVN in_II Xanthopygina_NP1 likely_RR belong_VV0 to_II other_JJ lineages_NN2 of_IO Staphylinini_NP1 (_( Solodovnikov_NP1 2009_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
We_PPIS2 are_VBR grateful_JJ to_II all_DB fieldworkers_NN2 (_( Dafydd_NP1 Roberts_NP1 in_RR21 particular_RR22 )_) ,_, for_IF helping_VVG with_IW instrument_NN1 deployment_NN1 and_CC retrieval_NN1 at_II Bird_NP1 Island_NNL1 ,_, to_II Andrew_NP1 Wood_NP1 and_CC Janet_NP1 Silk_NN1 for_IF help_NN1 with_IW the_AT curation_NN1 and_CC processing_NN1 of_IO tracking_JJ data_NN ,_, and_CC to_II John_NP1 Croxall_NP1 for_IF overseeing_VVG the_AT albatross_NN1 tracking_NN1 programmes_NN2 for_IF many_DA2 years_NNT2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Since_CS the_AT SV40_FO genome_NN1 is_VBZ circular_JJ ,_, Berg_NP1 had_VHD to_TO solve_VVI the_AT problems_NN2 of_IO how_RRQ to_TO cleave_VVI open_VV0 the_AT genome_NN1 ,_, create_VV0 cohesive_JJ ends_NN2 ,_, insert_VV0 a_AT1 sequence_NN1 of_IO foreign_JJ DNA_NN1 ,_, and_CC then_RT covalently_RR rejoin_VV0 the_AT ends_NN2 to_TO recreate_VVI a_AT1 circular_JJ genome_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
We_PPIS2 placed_VVD the_AT active_JJ electrode_NN1 at_II the_AT vertex_NN1 of_IO the_AT skull_NN1 and_CC the_AT reference_NN1 electrode_NN1 in_II the_AT skin_NN1 just_RR dorsal_JJ and_CC posterior_NN1 to_II the_AT ear_NN1 that_CST received_VVD the_AT auditory_JJ stimuli_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
This_DD1 is_VBZ in_II31 keeping_II32 with_II33 Willis_NP1 et_RA21 al_RA22 ._. 
</s>
<s>
(_( 2000_MC )_) who_PNQS observed_VVD C._NP1 auratus_NN1 to_TO accumulate_VVI at_II a_AT1 faster_JJR rate_NN1 at_II sites_NN2 closed_VVN to_II fishing_NN1 compared_VVN to_II fished_VVD sites_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Identified_VVN initially_RR only_RR in_II Gram-negative_JJ or-ganisms_NN2 such_II21 as_II22 Escherichia_NP1 coli_NN2 ,_, these_DD2 filamentous_JJ surface_NN1 structures_NN2 comprise_VV0 a_AT1 scaffold-like_JJ rod_NN1 anchored_VVN to_II the_AT bacterial_JJ outer_JJ membrane_NN1 and_CC a_AT1 bacterial_JJ adherence_NN1 factor_NN1 or_CC adhesin_NN1 located_VVN at_II the_AT tip_NN1 of_IO the_AT scaffold_NN1 ,_, which_DDQ confers_VVZ the_AT binding_JJ specificity_NN1 ._. 
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We_PPIS2 found_VVD that_CST Glut3_FO expression_NN1 partially_RR restored_JJ Ha–RasV12-induced_JJ colony_NN1 formation_NN1 and_CC glucose_NN1 consumption_NN1 in_II both_DB2 p53/MEFs_FU with_IW p65_FO knockdown_NN1 and_CC in_II p53/p65/MEFs_FU ._. 
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Behavioural_JJ traits_NN2 are_VBR characterized_VVN by_II their_APPGE labile_JJ expression_NN1 :_: behavioural_JJ responses_NN2 can_VM ,_, in_II principle_NN1 ,_, be_VBI upand_NN1 down-regulated_NN1 in_II31 response_II32 to_II33 moment-to-moment_JJ changes_NN2 in_II environmental_JJ conditions_NN2 ._. 
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Cabergoline_VV0 ,_, an_AT1 effective_JJ ergot-based_JJ dopamine_NN1 agonist_NN1 with_IW a_AT1 very_RG long_JJ half-life_NN1 ,_, can_VM cause_VVI fibrosing_VVG reactions_NN2 with_IW relative_JJ risk_NN1 ratios_NN2 for_IF the_AT occurrence_NN1 of_IO cardiac_JJ valvulopathies_NN2 of_IO 1.7–12.96_MCMC &lsqb;_( 63_MC &rsqb;_) ,_, &lsqb;_( 64_MC &rsqb;_) and_CC &lsqb;_( 65_MC &rsqb;_) ._. 
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For_REX21 example_REX22 ,_, an_AT1 expression_NN1 range_NN1 spanning_VVG five_MC orders_NN2 of_IO magnitude_NN1 was_VBDZ achieved_VVN in_II a_AT1 recent_JJ RNA-Seq_NP1 analysis_NN1 of_IO mouse_NN1 transcriptomes_NN2 ,_, in_II contrast_NN1 to_II only_RR two_MC to_II three_MC orders_NN2 of_IO magnitude_NN1 in_II typical_JJ microarray_NN1 analysis12,14_FO ._. 
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Reverse_VV0 transcription-PCR_NP1 (_( RT-PCR_NP1 )_) analysis_NN1 showed_VVD that_CST the_AT allelic_JJ homozygous_JJ lines_NN2 of_IO neither_RR atabcg22-1_MC1 nor_CC atabcg22-2_MC contained_VVD detectable_JJ levels_NN2 of_IO transcripts_NN2 ,_, indicating_VVG that_CST these_DD2 mutants_NN2 are_VBR transcriptional_JJ knock-outs_NN2 (_( Figure_NN1 1f_RA )_) ._. 
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Rivers_NP1 '_NULL idea_NN1 that_CST the_AT nervous_JJ system_NN1 could_VM be_VBI divided_VVN into_II "_" protopathic_JJ "_" and_CC "_" epicritic_NN1 "_" succumbed_VVD to_II what_DDQ a_AT1 later_JJR commentator_NN1 called_VVN the_AT "_" danger_NN1 that_CST always_RR besets_VVZ abstract_JJ thinking_NN1 ,_, that_DD1 of_IO confusing_JJ thoughts_NN2 with_IW things_NN2 "_" ._. 
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Before_CS double_JJ mutant_NN1 construction_NN1 ,_, tcp14-4_MC was_VBDZ backcrossed_VVN four_MC times_NNT2 in_II the_AT Columbia_NP1 background_NN1 ._. 
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We_PPIS2 first_MD discuss_VV0 some_DD of_IO the_AT pioneering_JJ studies_NN2 in_II this_DD1 specialty_NN1 ._. 
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This_DD1 is_VBZ a_AT1 necessary_JJ passage_NN1 toward_II the_AT project_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 systems_NN2 biology_NN1 approach_NN1 ,_, which_DDQ should_VM go_VVI beyond_II the_AT traditional_JJ approach_NN1 of_IO population_NN1 dynamics_NN ._. 
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Most_DAT modulate_NN1 AMPK_NN1 in_II intact_JJ cells_NN2 but_CCB not_XX in_II cell-free_JJ assays_NN2 ,_, suggesting_VVG that_CST they_PPHS2 activate_VV0 AMPK_VV0 indirectly_RR ._. 
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As_II the_AT authors_NN2 of_IO these_DD2 articles_NN2 noted1,2_FO ,_, there_EX is_VBZ continuing_JJ controversy_NN1 over_II whether_CSW super-enhancers_NN2 genuinely_RR represent_VV0 a_AT1 new_JJ paradigm_NN1 in_II transcriptional_JJ regulation_NN1 or_CC whether_CSW they_PPHS2 may_VM essentially_RR just_RR be_VBI clusters_NN2 of_IO conventional_JJ enhancers_NN2 that_CST together_RL produce_VV0 a_AT1 strong_JJ transcriptional_JJ response_NN1 ._. 
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Binding_NN1 of_IO insulin_NN1 (_( or_CC insulin-like_JJ growth_NN1 factor_NN1 (_( IGF_NP1 )_) )_) to_II its_APPGE receptor_NN1 activates_VVZ the_AT PI3K_FO pathway_NN1 ,_, which_DDQ leads_VVZ to_II the_AT phosphorylation_NN1 and_CC activation_NN1 of_IO Akt_NN1 ._. 
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Similar_JJ results_NN2 have_VH0 been_VBN described_VVN in_II a_AT1 model_NN1 of_IO acute_JJ FAO_NP1 inhibition_NN1 (_( 129_MC )_) ._. 
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The_AT dendrometer_JJR setup_NN1 at_II each_DD1 height_NN1 consisted_VVN of_IO two_MC dendrometers_NN2 ,_, one_MC1 installed_VVD over_II the_AT bark_NN1 region_NN1 and_CC the_AT second_MD directly_RR on_II the_AT xylem_NN1 ,_, in_II a_AT1 small_JJ area_NN1 where_CS a_AT1 window_NN1 of_IO bark_NN1 had_VHD been_VBN cut_VVN and_CC the_AT xylem_NN1 directly_RR exposed_VVN ._. 
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We_PPIS2 also_RR showed_VVD that_CST flavonoid_JJ accumulation_NN1 tends_VVZ to_TO prevent_VVI water_NN1 loss_NN1 ._. 
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Further-more_RR ,_, we_PPIS2 identified_VVD the_AT CD81-associated_JJ proteins_NN2 ITGB1_FO and_CC Rap2B_FO as_CSA cofactors_NN2 for_IF HCV_NP1 entry_NN1 ._. 
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The_AT production_NN1 of_IO new_JJ coronary_JJ vasculature_NN1 after_II birth_NN1 in_II the_AT inner_JJ myocardial_JJ wall_NN1 was_VBDZ shown_VVN to_TO arise_VVI from_II postnatal_JJ differentiation_NN1 of_IO the_AT endocardium_NN1 ,_, whereas_CS that_DD1 found_VVD in_II the_AT outer_JJ myocardial_JJ wall_NN1 arose_VVD from_II the_AT expansion_NN1 of_IO coronary_JJ vessels_NN2 that_CST had_VHD developed_VVN during_II embryogenesis_NN1 (_( 46_MC )_) ._. 
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We_PPIS2 observed_VVD that_CST 5_MC mm_NNU BA_NN1 drastically_RR inhibits_VVZ root_NN1 growth_NN1 in_II31 comparison_II32 with_II33 the_AT other_JJ solutions_NN2 and_CC conclude_VV0 that_CST the_AT phenotypes_NN2 shown_VVN in_II Fig._NN1 1a_FO ,_, b_ZZ1 are_VBR genuinely_RR associated_VVN with_IW boron_NN1 toxicity_NN1 ._. 
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Serious_JJ practice_NN1 of_IO judo_NN1 and_CC rugby_NN1 is_VBZ tough_JJ on_II the_AT body_NN1 ,_, and_CC he_PPHS1 suffered_VVD numerous_JJ bone_NN1 fractures_NN2 necessitating_VVG intimate_JJ and_CC painful_JJ exposure_NN1 to_II medicine_NN1 as_CSA patient_JJ ._. 
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We_PPIS2 estimated_VVD point_NN1 estimates_NN2 and_CC 95%_NNU confidence_NN1 intervals_NN2 from_II 2,000_MC repeated_JJ randomizations_NN2 of_IO observed_JJ diets_NN2 in_II western_JJ Oregon_NP1 ,_, USA_NP1 ,_, 2007-2009_MCMC ._. 
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For_IF the_AT high_JJ Cd_NN1 experiment_NN1 ,_, 4_MC weeks_NNT2 after_II germination_NN1 ,_, the_AT solution_NN1 was_VBDZ supplemented_VVN with_IW 1M_NNU CdCl2_FO ._. 
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Finally_RR ,_, we_PPIS2 demonstrated_VVD that_CST an_AT1 amphiphilic_JJ peptide_NN1 designed_VVN to_TO mediate_VVI cell_NN1 penetration_NN1 and_CC vesicle_NN1 membrane_NN1 interactions_NN2 could_VM mediate_VVI rapid_JJ QD_NP1 uptake_NN1 by_II endocytosis_NN1 followed_VVN by_II a_AT1 slower_JJR effcient_JJ endosomal_JJ release_NN1 which_DDQ peaked_VVD at_II 48_MC h_ZZ1 after_CS initial_JJ delivery_NN1 ._. 
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Is_VBZ there_EX any_DD system_NN1 that_CST is_VBZ currently_RR en_RR21 route_RR22 from_II endosymbiont_NN1 to_II organelle_NN1 ?_? 
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Patients_NN2 at_II these_DD2 sites_NN2 did_VDD otherwise_RR not_XX differ_VVI in_II other_JJ baseline_NN1 measures_NN2 or_CC time_NNT1 from_II diagnosis_NN1 ._. 
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A_AT1 multivariate_JJ analysis_NN1 of_IO variance_NN1 (_( MANOVA_NP1 )_) was_VBDZ used_VVN to_TO analyse_VVI the_AT response_NN1 variables_NN2 together_RL (_( JMP_NP1 7.0.2_MC )_) ._. 
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He_PPHS1 is_VBZ careful_JJ to_TO discuss_VVI the_AT complex_JJ literature_NN1 related_VVN to_II biological_JJ differences_NN2 in_II the_AT human_JJ brain_NN1 ,_, but_CCB in_II my_APPGE mind_NN1 he_PPHS1 does_VDZ not_XX quite_RR stress_VVI enough_RR that_CST a_AT1 critical_JJ predictor_NN1 of_IO intraspecific_JJ variation_NN1 in_II aggression_NN1 and_CC violence_NN1 is_VBZ sex_NN1 (_( including_II gender_NN1 in_II humans_NN2 )_) ._. 
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As_CSA seen_VVN in_II Table_NN1 4_MC ,_, results_NN2 in_II this_DD1 area_NN1 appear_VV0 to_TO be_VBI less_RGR consistent_JJ than_CSN in_II other_JJ areas_NN2 of_IO electronic_JJ media_NN discussed_VVN in_II this_DD1 paper_NN1 ._. 
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Even_RR insensitively_RR provided_VVN humanitarian_JJ aid_NN1 can_VM act_VVI as_II a_AT1 fault_NN1 line_NN1 in_II a_AT1 society_NN1 ._. 
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The_AT amount_NN1 of_IO applicable_JJ methods_NN2 and_CC levels_NN2 of_IO accuracy_NN1 available_JJ in_II molecular_JJ simulation_NN1 packages_NN2 is_VBZ likewise_RR expected_VVN to_TO increase_VVI ,_, with_IW both_RR more_RGR accurate_JJ polarizable_JJ models_NN2 and_CC less-detailed_JJ coarse-grained_JJ force_NN1 fields_NN2 gaining_VVG popularity_NN1 (_( van_NP1 der_NP1 Spoel_NP1 and_CC Hess_NP1 ,_, 2011_MC )_) ._. 
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Although_CS all_DB NGS_NP1 experiments_VVZ ultimately_RR result_VV0 in_II DNA_NN1 sequence_NN1 data_NN ,_, bioinformatics_NN1 methods_NN2 for_IF analyzing_VVG the_AT data_NN can_VM be_VBI very_RG different_JJ based_VVN on_II the_AT target_NN1 application_NN1 ._. 
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