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In_II coagulation_NN1 ,_, the_AT complexation_NN1 between_II the_AT coagulant_NN1 salts_NN2 and_CC NOM_NP1 helps_VVZ to_TO remove_VVI NOM_NN1 from_II solution_NN1 ._. 
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Volatile_JJ organic_JJ compounds_NN2 (_( VOCs_NP2 )_) emitted_VVD from_II industrial_JJ process_NN1 ,_, fossil_NN1 fuels_NN2 '_NULL combustion_NN1 and_CC biogenic_JJ system_NN1 are_VBR dangerous_JJ air_NN1 pollutants_NN2 and_CC related_VVN to_II many_DA2 environmental_JJ problems_NN2 ,_, such_II21 as_II22 photochemical_JJ smog_NN1 and_CC ozone_NN1 generation_NN1 ._. 
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Nanotechnology_NN1 makes_VVZ possible_JJ the_AT conversion_NN1 of_IO lignocellulosic_JJ substrates_NN2 into_II nanomaterials_NN2 of_IO enormous_JJ biotechnological_JJ importance_NN1 ,_, namely_REX ,_, carbon_NN1 dots_NN2 (_( CDs_NN2 )_) ,_, due_II21 to_II22 their_APPGE high_JJ concentration_NN1 of_IO carbohydrates_NN2 ._. 
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Moreover_RR ,_, compared_VVN with_IW non-MNPs_NN2 based_VVN adsorbents_NN2 ,_, ease_NN1 of_IO recovery_NN1 and_CC a_AT1 possibility_NN1 of_IO reuse_NN1 of_IO recovered_JJ adsorbents_NN2 for_IF several_DA2 cycles_NN2 without_IW loss_NN1 of_IO their_APPGE removal_NN1 capacity_NN1 ,_, make_VV0 SFNPs/SFNCs_NN2 one_MC1 of_IO the_AT best_JJT candidates_NN2 and_CC recently_RR they_PPHS2 are_VBR widely_RR used_VVN in_II water_NN1 and_CC wastewater_JJR treatment_NN1 ._. 
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The_AT overall_JJ process_NN1 for_IF the_AT fabrication_NN1 of_IO the_AT rGH-AgBr@rGO_FO is_VBZ shown_VVN in_II Fig._NN1 5_MC ._. 
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Future_JJ experimental_JJ work_NN1 should_VM aim_VVI at_II higher_JJR accuracy_NN1 rejection_NN1 data_NN for_IF NF_NP1 membranes_NN2 that_CST more_RGR accurately_RR predict_VV0 membrane_NN1 performance_NN1 at_II high_JJ pressures_NN2 and_CC high_JJ feed_NN1 concentrations_NN2 ._. 
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According_II21 to_II22 the_AT discussion_NN1 in_II Section_NN1 3.3.1_MC ,_, for_IF the_AT strong_JJ correlation_NN1 between_II soil_NN1 properties_NN2 and_CC RHM_NP1 contents_NN2 ,_, two_MC main_JJ reasons_NN2 can_VM be_VBI summarized_VVN :_: (_( 1_MC1 )_) Some_DD substances_NN2 in_II the_AT soil_NN1 usually_RR have_VH0 the_AT same_DA external_JJ sources_NN2 with_IW heavy_JJ metals_NN2 ._. 
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Siliver_NN1 based_VVN semicondutors_NN2 including_II Ag3PO4_FO ,_, AgX_NP1 (_( X_ZZ1 =_FO Cl_FO ,_, Br_JJ I_ZZ1 )_) ,_, Ag3VO4_FO ,_, et_RA21 al_RA22 ._. 
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have_VH0 been_VBN proven_VVN to_TO be_VBI excellent_JJ semiconductors_NN2 for_IF the_AT solar_JJ utilization_NN1 ._. 
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Each_DD1 solid_JJ residue_NN1 from_II demetalization_NN1 step_NN1 two_MC was_VBDZ introduced_VVN into_II a_AT1 500_MC mL_NNU Erlenmeyer_JJR flask_NN1 and_CC was_VBDZ dispersed_VVN in_II 50_MC mL_NNU volume_NN1 of_IO hydrogen_NN1 peroxide_NN1 (_( 30%_NNU )_) and_CC digested_VVN at_II room_NN1 temperature_NN1 for_IF 1_MC1 h_ZZ1 with_IW occasional_JJ shaking_NN1 ._. 
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A_ZZ1 90%_NNU of_IO boron_NN1 removal_NN1 within_II 8_MC h_ZZ1 was_VBDZ achieved_VVN by_II using_VVG this_DD1 sorbent_NN1 ._. 
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This_DD1 result_NN1 ,_, along_II21 with_II22 the_AT large_JJ amounts_NN2 of_IO Tl_NP1 extracted_VVD in_II the_AT F2_FO fraction_NN1 (_( 14.1_MC mg_NNU kg-1_MC1 ;_; 31%_NNU ,_, Table_NN1 4_MC )_) ,_, suggests_VVZ that_CST there_EX is_VBZ a_AT1 connection_NN1 between_II the_AT Fe-rich_JJ poorly-crystalline_JJ phases_NN2 and_CC Tl_NP1 (_( Lopez-Arce_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2017_MC )_) ._. 
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The_AT key_JJ findings_NN2 are_VBR summarized_VVN in_II section_NN1 4_MC ._. 
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This_DD1 is_VBZ likely_JJ to_TO continue_VVI with_IW increasing_JJ data_NN set_VV0 availability_NN1 and_CC the_AT fast_JJ development_NN1 of_IO SIO_NP1 approaches_VVZ ._. 
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The_AT vulnerability_NN1 of_IO the_AT enzymatic_JJ BFC_NP1 toward_II the_AT environmental_JJ impacts_NN2 should_VM also_RR be_VBI investigated_VVN ._. 
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The_AT Mediterranean_JJ region_NN1 is_VBZ regularly_RR affected_VVN by_II flash_JJ floods_NN2 ,_, which_DDQ are_VBR a_AT1 consequence_NN1 of_IO short_JJ and_CC local_JJ heavy_JJ rains_NN2 in_II small_JJ catchments_NN2 ,_, many_DA2 of_IO them_PPHO2 near_II the_AT coast_NN1 in_II densely_RR populated_VVN areas43_FO ._. 
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Further_JJR optimization_NN1 of_IO complex_JJ dosage_NN1 strategies_NN2 for_IF urea_NN1 injection_NN1 is_VBZ an_AT1 important_JJ outcome_NN1 to_TO avoid_VVI deactivation_NN1 phenomena_NN2 ._. 
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The_AT biochar_NN1 particles_NN2 were_VBDR screened_VVN out_II21 of_II22 the_AT soil_NN1 near_II the_AT plant_NN1 rhizosphere_NN1 ,_, which_DDQ was_VBDZ under_RG four_MC different_JJ treatments_NN2 (_( BC_NP1 ,_, BN_NP1 ,_, MC_NN1 ,_, MN_FO )_) ,_, with_IW forceps_NN2 ,_, and_CC small_JJ soil_NN1 particles_NN2 on_II biochar_NN1 surface_NN1 were_VBDR carefully_RR removed_VVN to_TO clean_VVI by_II the_AT tweezers_NN2 ._. 
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If_CS rice_NN1 produced_VVN in_II Cd-contaminated_JJ area_NN1 is_VBZ sold_VVN to_II other_JJ areas_NN2 ,_, the_AT risk_NN1 distribution_NN1 from_II Cd_NN1 contamination_NN1 of_IO soil_NN1 and_CC rice_NN1 may_VM be_VBI underestimated_VVN or_CC misjudged_VVD ._. 
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Exposure_NN1 to_II contaminated_JJ sediments_NN2 was_VBDZ confirmed_VVN by_II measurement_NN1 of_IO metals_NN2 and_CC As_CSA ,_, PAH_UH ,_, pharmaceutical_JJ products_NN2 and_CC surfactants_NN2 (_( SAS_NP1 )_) in_II bottom_JJ sediments_NN2 ._. 
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They_PPHS2 offer_VV0 high_JJ salts_NN2 rejection_NN1 ,_, low-energy_JJ requirement_NN1 and_CC high-productivity_NN1 up_II21 to_II22 47.5m3/d_FU ._. 
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Hybrid_JJ RO_NN1 membrane_NN1 inter-stage_JJ design_NN1 also_RR called_VVN internally_RR staged_VVN design_NN1 is_VBZ introduced_VVN in_II which_DDQ different_JJ membranes_NN2 are_VBR packed_VVN in_II same_DA pressure_NN1 vessel_NN1 to_TO get_VVI operational_JJ and_CC maintenance_NN1 advantages_NN2 and_CC 5%_NNU to_II 8%_NNU of_IO capital_NN1 costs_VVZ savings_NN2 as_CSA reported_VVN by_II the_AT manufactures_VVZ ._. 
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The_AT average_JJ particle_NN1 size_NN1 and_CC distribution_NN1 of_IO SM-AgNPs_NN2 were_VBDR estimated_VVN through_II field-emission_JJ scanning_NN1 electron_NN1 microscope_NN1 (_( Fe-SEM_NP1 )_) imaging_VVG with_IW the_AT assistance_NN1 of_IO Sigma-Scan_NP1 Pro_JJ software_NN1 (_( SPSS-IBM_NP1 ;_; ZEISS-FESEM_NP1 )_) ._. 
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Reactive_JJ CFD_NP1 simulations_NN2 could_VM provide_VVI further_JJR insight_NN1 into_II this_DD1 behavior_NN1 but_CCB this_DD1 was_VBDZ considered_VVN outside_II the_AT scope_NN1 of_IO this_DD1 work_NN1 ._. 
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After_CS exposition_NN1 to_II NO2_FO ,_, the_AT formed_JJ amides_NN2 or_CC amines_NN2 reacted_VVD with_IW NO2_FO and_CC formed_VVD nitramine_NN1 ,_, and_CC nitrosoamine_NN1 ._. 
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In_II contrast_NN1 to_II the_AT use_NN1 of_IO emission_NN1 factors_NN2 with_IW Ag_FO production_NN1 data_NN to_TO estimate_VVI Hg_FO releases_VVZ ,_, Guerrero14_FO used_JJ importation_NN1 statistics_NN and_CC consumption_NN1 records_NN2 on_II Hg_FO itself_PPX1 ,_, from_II Spanish_JJ colonial_JJ government_NN1 and_CC independent_JJ observers_NN2 ._. 
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Another_DD1 aspect_NN1 of_IO the_AT hybridization_NN1 is_VBZ that_CST the_AT desorbed_JJ water_NN1 vapor_NN1 from_II the_AT AD_NN1 cycle_NN1 can_VM be_VBI recovered_VVN back_RP into_II the_AT MED_JJ system_NN1 for_IF further_JJR energy_NN1 recovery_NN1 ._. 
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Each_DD1 of_IO these_DD2 models_NN2 takes_VVZ current_JJ and_CC past_JJ flow_NN1 and_CC turbidity_NN1 measurements_NN2 at_II a_AT1 number_NN1 of_IO locations_NN2 in_II the_AT system_NN1 to_II either_DD1 directly_RR predict_VV0 turbidity_NN1 (_( regression_NN1 based_VVN model_NN1 )_) or_CC classify_VV0 turbidity_NN1 as_CSA being_VBG above_II a_AT1 pre-specified_JJ threshold_NN1 (_( classification_NN1 based_VVN model_NN1 )_) ._. 
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Although_CS locomotive_NN1 emissions_NN2 have_VH0 been_VBN subject_II21 to_II22 increasingly_RR more_RGR stringent_JJ regulations_NN2 over_II the_AT past_JJ few_DA2 decades_NNT2 (_( EPA_NP1 ,_, 2009_MC )_) ,_, their_APPGE PM_NP1 emission_NN1 factors_NN2 are_VBR still_RR substantially_RR high_JJ ,_, especially_RR as_CSA compared_VVN to_II other_JJ combustion_NN1 sources_NN2 (_( Table_NN1 1_MC1 )_) ._. 
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TP_NP1 yields_NN2 were_VBDR most_RGT strongly_RR positively_RR correlated_VVN with_IW runoff_NN1 (_( r2_FO =_FO 0.33_MC ,_, Table_NN1 3_MC ,_, Fig._NN1 5_MC )_) ,_, followed_VVN by_II precipitation_NN1 (_( r2_FO =_FO 0.30_MC ,_, Fig_NN1 ._. 
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S2_FO )_) ,_, and_CC although_CS there_EX was_VBDZ no_AT significant_JJ relationship_NN1 between_II TP_NP1 yields_NN2 and_CC net_JJ P_ZZ1 inputs_NN2 ,_, TP_NP1 yields_NN2 were_VBDR positively_RR correlated_VVN with_IW P_ZZ1 inputs_NN2 to_II watersheds_NN2 (_( Table_NN1 3_MC ,_, Fig_NN1 ._. 
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S1_FO )_) ._. 
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In_RR21 addition_RR22 ,_, another_DD1 issue_NN1 is_VBZ the_AT surface_NN1 attachment_NN1 of_IO PEG_NP1 and_CC therefore_RR potential_JJ surface_NN1 protein_NN1 absorption_NN1 can_VM not_XX be_VBI reduced_VVN below_II a_AT1 threshold_NN1 level_NN1 since_CS steric_JJ forces_NN2 limit_VV0 the_AT attachment_NN1 density_NN1 (_( Banerjee_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2011_MC )_) ._. 
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After_CS a_AT1 24_MC h_ZZ1 of_IO filtration_NN1 ,_, they_PPHS2 found_VVD that_CST heat-treated_JJ membranes_NN2 underwent_VVD a_AT1 smaller_JJR decrease_NN1 in_II flux_NN1 compared_VVN to_II membranes_NN2 without_IW heat_NN1 treatment_NN1 ._. 
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First_MD ,_, check_VV0 if_CS comparison_NN1 across_II different_JJ countries_NN2 is_VBZ needed_VVN ,_, globally-applicable_JJ parameters_NN2 are_VBR preferred_VVN ._. 
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Towards_II the_AT end_NN1 of_IO this_DD1 period_NN1 ,_, timber_NN1 rafting_NN1 ,_, dam_VV0 fishing_NN1 and_CC water_NN1 milling_NN1 ceased_VVD to_TO take_VVI place_NN1 in_II the_AT NNP_NP1 ._. 
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Low-pressure_JJ air_NN1 is_VBZ injected_VVN into_II BIOX?_NP1 reactors_NN2 to_TO supply_VVI oxygen_NN1 for_IF the_AT oxidation_NN1 reactions_NN2 ._. 
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The_AT EuroMix_NN1 project_NN1 aims_VVZ to_TO perform_VVI a_AT1 limited_JJ number_NN1 of_IO animal_NN1 studies_NN2 (_( in_JJ21 vivo_JJ22 experiments_NN2 )_) to_TO validate_VVI the_AT in_JJ21 vitro_JJ22 experiments_NN2 for_IF their_APPGE potentials_NN2 use_VV0 for_IF refining_VVG assumptions_NN2 in_II current_JJ MRA_NN1 ._. 
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Increasing_JJ fresh_JJ water_NN1 (_( C_ZZ1 )_) DOM_NP1 enhances_VVZ the_AT photogeneration_NN1 of_IO 3CDOM*_FO and_CC 1O_FO ?_? ,_, as_II31 well_II32 as_II33 the_AT scavenging_JJ of_IO both_DB2 ,_, OH_UH and_CC CO3_FO ,_, -_- ,_, thereby_RR shifting_VVG indirect_JJ photoreactions_NN2 from_II ,_, OH/CO3_FU ,_, -_- to_II 3CDOM*/1O_FU ?_? ._. 
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So_RR ,_, from_II those_DD2 results_NN2 ,_, we_PPIS2 can_VM notice_VVI that_CST the_AT temperature_NN1 difference_NN1 is_VBZ directly_RR proportional_JJ to_II the_AT mass_NN1 of_IO powder_NN1 cement_NN1 ._. 
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These_DD2 results_NN2 showed_VVD that_CST the_AT application_NN1 of_IO WMF_NP1 pre-magneti-zation_NN1 on_II Fe0_FO was_VBDZ valuable_JJ in_II treatment_NN1 of_IO practical_JJ wastewater_NN1 with_IW a_AT1 high_JJ efficiency_NN1 and_CC good_JJ economic_JJ benefits_NN2 ._. 
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During_II the_AT membrane_NN1 process_NN1 operation_NN1 ,_, the_AT permeating_JJ water_NN1 reduces_VVZ the_AT silver_NN1 content_NN1 of_IO the_AT hollow_JJ fibres_NN2 ,_, thus_RR requiring_VVG periodic_JJ replenishment_NN1 ._. 
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The_AT generation_NN1 of_IO physical_JJ and_CC chemical_JJ effects_NN2 such_II21 as_II22 ultraviolet_JJ irradiation_NN1 ,_, high-energy_JJ electrons_NN2 ,_, and_CC ozone_NN1 was_VBDZ intensively_RR affected_VVN by_II the_AT discharge_NN1 voltage_NN1 ._. 
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We_PPIS2 can_VM therefore_RR hypothesize_VVI that_DD1 flavoprotein-mediated_JJ pseudocyclic_JJ flows_NN2 might_VM raise_VVI Oe_NP1 ,_, C_ZZ1 under_II fluctuating_JJ light_JJ regimes_NN2 in_II rapidly_RR mixing_VVG waters_NN2 (_( see_VV0 ref_NN1 63_MC )_) ._. 
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BPA_NP1 treatment_NN1 in_II hypoxic_JJ conditions_NN2 triggers_VVZ cellular_JJ viability_NN1 ,_, migration_NN1 and_CC tube_NN1 formation_NN1 via_II GPER_NP1 ._. 
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We_PPIS2 compared_VVD the_AT performance_NN1 with_IW a_AT1 series_NN of_IO conventional_JJ electrode_NN1 couples_NN2 ._. 
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Human_JJ exposure_NN1 to_II PFCs_NP1 is_VBZ of_IO rising_VVG concern_NN1 because_CS these_DD2 chemicals_NN2 are_VBR not_XX susceptible_JJ to_II degradation_NN1 in_II31 addition_II32 to_II33 their_APPGE slow_JJ elimination_NN1 by_II human_JJ bodies_NN2 (_( Butenhoff_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2004_MC )_) ._. 
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Concentration_NN1 polarization_NN1 does_VDZ not_XX affect_VVI significantly_RR the_AT driving_JJ force_NN1 of_IO the_AT process_NN1 and_CC therefore_RR high_JJ recovery_NN1 factors_NN2 and_CC high_JJ concentrations_NN2 can_VM be_VBI reached_VVN in_II the_AT operation_NN1 ,_, when_CS compared_VVN with_IW RO_NP1 process_NN1 ._. 
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This_DD1 confirms_VVZ that_DD1 particle_NN1 friction_NN1 strongly_RR reduces_VVZ the_AT microbial_JJ attachment_NN1 to_II the_AT sulfide_NN1 surface_NN1 which_DDQ in_II turn_NN1 reduces_VVZ the_AT rate_NN1 of_IO bioleaching_VVG ._. 
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In_II that_DD1 framework_NN1 a_AT1 detailed_JJ mathematical_JJ model_NN1 ,_, based_VVN on_II mass_NN1 and_CC energy_NN1 balances_NN2 ,_, will_VM be_VBI developed_VVN in_BCL21 order_BCL22 to_TO provide_VVI guidance_NN1 for_IF the_AT optimal_JJ design_NN1 and_CC operation_NN1 for_IF the_AT V-MEMD_JJ system_NN1 ._. 
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These_DD2 compounds_NN2 were_VBDR demonstrated_VVN unacceptable_JJ to_II the_AT residents_NN2 near_II corresponding_JJ workshops_NN2 ._. 
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The_AT value_NN1 for_IF the_AT diffusive_JJ model_NN1 is_VBZ consistent_JJ with_IW the_AT EDC-MST_RA model_NN1 for_IF which_DDQ a_AT1 calibrated_JJ value_NN1 of_IO A_ZZ1 =_FO 1_MC1 was_VBDZ also_RR found_VVN by_II Hjertager_NP1 et_RA21 al_RA22 .._... 
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These_DD2 studies_NN2 focus_VV0 on_II whether_CSW the_AT benefits_NN2 of_IO drilling_VVG are_VBR shared_VVN by_II the_AT populations_NN2 that_CST experience_VV0 its_APPGE burdens_NN2 ._. 
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Meanwhile_RR ,_, HMF_NP1 selectivity_NN1 as_CSA depicted_VVN in_II Fig._NN1 10C_FO decreases_VVZ with_IW increasing_JJ reaction_NN1 time_NNT1 or_CC temperature_NN1 ._. 
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Also_RR ,_, whether_CSW species_NN will_VM be_VBI able_JK to_TO adapt_VVI or_CC move_VVI fast_RR enough_RR to_TO keep_VVI up_RP with_IW their_APPGE changing_JJ environments_NN2 will_VM be_VBI crucial_JJ to_II the_AT resilience_NN1 of_IO ecological_JJ systems29_FO but_CCB remains_VVZ poorly_RR studied30_FO ._. 
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This_DD1 belief_NN1 can_VM be_VBI any_DD climate_NN1 change-relevant_JJ construct_NN1 ,_, such_II21 as_II22 beliefs_NN2 that_CST climate_NN1 change_NN1 is_VBZ occurring_VVG ,_, that_DD1 climate_NN1 change_NN1 is_VBZ anthropogenic_JJ ,_, about_II a_AT1 scientific_JJ consensus_NN1 on_II climate_NN1 change_NN1 ,_, about_II a_AT1 conspiracy_NN1 with_II31 regard_II32 to_II33 climate_NN1 change_NN1 ,_, about_II who_PNQS is_VBZ responsible_JJ for_IF causing_VVG and/or_CC addressing_VVG climate_NN1 change_NN1 ,_, about_II the_AT efficacy_NN1 of_IO mitigation_NN1 policies_NN2 ,_, about_II risks_NN2 from_II climate_NN1 change_NN1 ,_, about_II the_AT impact_NN1 of_IO climate-relevant_JJ behaviours_NN2 (_( such_II21 as_II22 biking_VVG instead_II21 of_II22 driving_VVG )_) and_CC about_II the_AT importance_NN1 of_IO climate_NN1 change_NN1 as_II a_AT1 national_JJ or_CC global_JJ issue8_FO ._. 
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Increased_JJ mid-level_JJ relative_JJ humidity_NN1 (_( Fig._NN1 3c_FO )_) and_CC ascending_JJ motion_NN1 (_( Fig._NN1 3d_NNU )_) ,_, as_II31 well_II32 as_II33 increased_JJ SSTs_NP1 (_( Fig._NN1 3e_FO )_) ,_, further_RRR support_VV0 enhanced_JJ TC_NP1 development_NN1 in_II the_AT southwest_ND1 Pacific_NP1 ._. 
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Increasing_JJ attention_NN1 has_VHZ been_VBN given_VVN to_II hybrid_JJ processes_NN2 ,_, examples_NN2 including_II converting_VVG thermal_JJ energy_NN1 into_II electricity_NN1 by_II closed-loop_JJ RED_JJ heat_NN1 engine_NN1 ,_, microbial_JJ RED_JJ cell_NN1 with_IW boosted_JJ power_NN1 performance_NN1 ,_, and_CC low-energy_JJ (_( or_CC even_RR energy-free_JJ )_) desalination_NN1 by_II integrating_VVG RED_NN1 with_IW desalination_NN1 facilities_NN2 ._. 
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On_II WRC_NP1 heartwood_NN1 species_NN diversity_NN1 increased_VVN with_IW each_DD1 sampling_NN1 time_NNT1 ._. 
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MF_NP1 and_CC UF_NP1 membrane_NN1 fouling_VVG during_II the_AT filtration_NN1 of_IO algal_JJ suspensions_NN2 can_VM be_VBI alleviated_VVN by_II pretreating_VVG the_AT feedwater_NN1 ,_, by_II changing_VVG the_AT membrane_NN1 properties_NN2 ,_, and_CC by_II enhancing_VVG the_AT hydrodynamic_JJ conditions_NN2 ._. 
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Meanwhile_RR ,_, the_AT highest_JJT energy_NN1 consumption_NN1 appeared_VVD in_II 0.01_MC molL_VV0 "_" 1_MC1 Na2SO4_FO solution_NN1 (_( ECpan-cfb_NN1 :_: 25.79_MC kWhkg_NNU "_" 1_MC1 ,_, ECempan-cfb_NN1 :_: 22.0_MC kWh_NNU kg-1_MC1 )_) due_II21 to_II22 the_AT highest_JJT cell_NN1 voltage_NN1 (_( Table_NN1 3_MC )_) and_CC the_AT lowest_JJT H2O2_FO production_NN1 ,_, and_CC it_PPH1 was_VBDZ reduced_VVN by_II increasing_VVG Na2SO4_FO concentration_NN1 from_II 0.01_MC to_II 0.1_MC mol_NN1 L-1_FO ._. 
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There_EX was_VBDZ extensive_JJ monitoring_NN1 of_IO designs_NN2 at_II all_DB stages_NN2 of_IO design_NN1 ,_, with_IW multiple_JJ reviews_NN2 in_II the_AT HSE_NN1 technical_JJ team_NN1 as_II31 well_II32 as_II33 review_NN1 of_IO other_JJ departments_NN2 '_NULL design_VV0 to_TO meet_VVI all_DB HSE-related_JJ requirements_NN2 ._. 
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The_AT productivity_NN1 increased_VVN by_II 17%_NNU during_II the_AT day_NNT1 and_CC the_AT increment_NN1 was_VBDZ 20%_NNU during_II the_AT night_NNT1 as_CSA compared_VVN to_II the_AT conventional_JJ still_RR with_IW the_AT flat_JJ surface_NN1 ._. 
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Other_JJ possible_JJ reasons_NN2 are_VBR ,_, therefore_RR ,_, that_DD1 suspension_NN1 is_VBZ favored_VVN by_II a_AT1 small_JJ clearance_NN1 C_ZZ1 and_CC by_II a_AT1 round-bottom_JJ tank_NN1 ,_, or_CC by_II the_AT circulation_NN1 between_II the_AT bottom_NN1 and_CC the_AT top_JJ impellers_NN2 highlighted_VVN in_II the_AT previous_JJ single-phase_JJ mixing_NN1 experiments_NN2 ._. 
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Bioregeneration_NN1 of_IO the_AT used_JJ adsobents_NN2 have_VH0 been_VBN studied_VVN using_VVG DBT_NP1 as_II the_AT model_NN1 compound_NN1 with_IW P._NP1 delafieldii_NN2 R-8_FO (_( Li_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2005a_FO )_) ._. 
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Other_JJ plants_NN2 used_VVD the_AT technology_NN1 cited_VVD ,_, such_II21 as_II22 the_AT El_NP1 Sureste_NP1 plant_NN1 ,_, with_IW 10,000_MC m3/day_FU of_IO water_NN1 production_NN1 ,_, which_DDQ specific_JJ consumption_NN1 was_VBDZ 5.75_MC kWh/m3_FU ._. 
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In_II parallel_NN1 ,_, the_AT impact_NN1 of_IO different_JJ configurations_NN2 (_( submerged_JJ and_CC zigzag_NN1 )_) and_CC of_IO the_AT spacing_NN1 between_II square_JJ obstacles/filaments_NN2 was_VBDZ studied_VVN by_II Ma_NP1 et_RA21 al_RA22 ._. 
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using_VVG the_AT Petrov/Galerkin_NP1 method_NN1 for_IF solving_VVG the_AT conservation_NN1 of_IO momentum_NN1 and_CC mass_JJ equations_NN2 ._. 
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Although_CS this_DD1 direct_JJ summation_NN1 of_IO the_AT two_MC components_NN2 appears_VVZ convenient_JJ ,_, it_PPH1 is_VBZ accurate_JJ only_RR with_IW small_JJ current_JJ densities_NN2 ,_, because_CS eqn_NN1 (_( 3_MC )_) is_VBZ an_AT1 approximation_NN1 based_VVN on_II the_AT Taylor_NP1 expansion_NN1 of_IO Butler-Volmer_NP1 equation_NN1 ._. 
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Lignin_NN1 has_VHZ a_AT1 modulus_NN1 of_IO elasticity_NN1 of_IO 4_MC GPa_NP1 ,_, while_CS cellulose_NN1 has_VHZ a_AT1 135_MC GPa_NP1 (_( Bledzki_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 1996_MC ;_; Bouzouita_NP1 ,_, 2011_MC )_) ._. 
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They_PPHS2 were_VBDR able_JK to_TO reduce_VVI the_AT arsenic_NN1 level_NN1 by_II 50%_NNU up_II21 to_II22 an_AT1 extraction_NN1 of_IO 2.5_MC m3_FO ._. 
</s>
<s>
Antiscalant_JJ effectiveness_NN1 studies_NN2 in_II MD_NN1 have_VH0 been_VBN inconclusive_JJ ;_; both_RR strong_JJ reduction_NN1 in_II scaling_NN1 and_CC actual_JJ decreases_NN2 in_II permeate_JJ flux_NN1 have_VH0 been_VBN reported_VVN ._. 
</s>
<s>
Gasparrini_NN2 and_CC Armstrong_NP1 (_( 2011_MC )_) reported_VVD the_AT link_NN1 between_II excess_JJ mortality_NN1 and_CC heat_NN1 waves_NN2 but_CCB the_AT associated_JJ risk_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 heat_NN1 wave_NN1 on_II higher_JJR mortality_NN1 rate_NN1 had_VHD been_VBN only_RR partially_RR characterized_VVN ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT lowest_JJT water_NN1 efficiency_NN1 factor_NN1 was_VBDZ 1.57_MC g_ZZ1 water/g_FU biomass_NN1 at_II 1.0_MC cm_NNU particle_NN1 size_NN1 under_RG 1.5_MC MPa_NP1 and_CC 6_MC min_NNU ._. 
</s>
<s>
SFA_NP1 percentage_NN1 in_II TFAs_NN2 in_II TFAs_NN2 decreased_VVN over_II time_NNT1 from_II 24-31%_FO at_II 48_MC h_ZZ1 to_II 20-27%_FO at_II 108_MC h_ZZ1 (_( Table_NN1 1_MC1 )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Our_APPGE central_JJ analysis_NN1 adjusts_VVZ our_APPGE biomass_NN1 crop_NN1 model_NN1 (_( LPJmL_NP1 ;_; Supplementary_JJ Information_NN1 )_) to_TO match_VVI the_AT net_JJ primary_JJ productivity_NN1 of_IO native_JJ vegetation_NN1 ,_, which_DDQ rain-fed_JJ agriculture_NN1 rarely_RR exceeds26_FO ._. 
</s>
<s>
TWP/L_NP1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Varying_JJ test_NN1 designs_NN2 ,_, tire_VV0 materials_NN2 and_CC species_NN sensitivity_NN1 might_VM be_VBI responsible_JJ for_IF a_AT1 high_JJ variability_NN1 of_IO leachate_JJ toxicity_NN1 data_NN (_( Turner_NP1 and_CC Rice_NN1 ,_, 2010_MC ;_; Wik_NP1 and_CC Dave_NP1 ,_, 2009_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
However_RR ,_, the_AT virus_NN1 decay_NN1 data_NN identified_VVN in_II this_DD1 review_NN1 suggests_VVZ that_CST enveloped_VVD and_CC nonenveloped_VVD viruses_NN2 have_VH0 similar_JJ rates_NN2 of_IO persistence_NN1 in_II the_AT aqueous_JJ environment_NN1 in_II the_AT dark_NN1 ,_, despite_II different_JJ structures_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
High_JJ NO3_FO --_NN1 N_ZZ1 concentration_NN1 can_VM create_VVI eutrophication_NN1 of_IO rivers_NN2 ,_, deterioration_NN1 of_IO water_NN1 quality_NN1 and_CC potential_JJ hazard_NN1 to_II human_JJ health_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT treatment_NN1 performance_NN1 of_IO SBBR_NP1 1_MC1 and_CC SBBR_NP1 2_MC showed_VVD that_CST these_DD2 two_MC reactors_NN2 could_VM maintain_VVI high_JJ NH4_FO +_FO -N_JJ treatment_NN1 efficiency_NN1 (_( Fig._NN1 5a_FO )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
ZnO_NN1 particles_NN2 will_VM experience_VVI the_AT same_DA light_NN1 and_CC aqueous_JJ environment_NN1 as_CSA TiO2_FO particles_NN2 ,_, but_CCB transformation_NN1 products_NN2 will_VM be_VBI significantly_RR different_JJ (_( Lewicka_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2013_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Another_DD1 opportunity_NN1 that_CST could_VM be_VBI realized_VVN from_II widespread_JJ use_NN1 of_IO CAVs_NP2 is_VBZ vehicle_NN1 "_" right-sizing_NN1 "_" ._. 
</s>
<s>
Hence_RR ,_, health_NN1 risk_NN1 of_IO fugitive_NN1 ACs_NN2 emissions_NN2 from_II active_JJ landfills_NN2 should_VM be_VBI concerned_JJ ,_, especially_RR for_IF the_AT landfills_NN2 which_DDQ still_JJ receiving_NN1 MSW_NP1 without_IW source_NN1 separation_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Thus_RR ,_, experimental_JJ findings_NN2 lead_VV0 to_II a_AT1 prediction_NN1 that_CST the_AT soft_JJ metal_NN1 centre_NN1 and_CC soft_JJ organic_JJ molecule_NN1 favour_VV0 more_DAR interaction_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
To_TO be_VBI sure_JJ in_II the_AT computational_JJ results_NN2 ,_, we_PPIS2 used_VVD some_DD special_JJ procedures_NN2 of_IO higher_JJR accuracy_NN1 with_IW a_JJ21 posteriori_JJ22 estimation_NN1 of_IO the_AT global_JJ error_NN1 of_IO numerical_JJ integration_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Polystyrene_NN1 nanoparticles_NN2 have_VH0 been_VBN shown_VVN to_TO form_VVI protein_NN1 corona_NN1 complexes_NN2 in_II in_JJ21 vitro_JJ22 GI_NN1 studies_NN2 ,_, resulting_VVG in_II increased_JJ translocation_NN1 ,_, the_AT change_NN1 of_IO the_AT protein_NN1 corona_NN1 composition_NN1 over_II time_NNT1 depending_II21 on_II22 the_AT local_JJ environment_NN1 ,_, and_CC increased_JJ cellular_JJ uptake_NN1 and_CC toxicity_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Not_XX only_RR the_AT definitions_NN2 of_IO VOC_NP1 vary_VV0 between_II countries_NN2 ,_, but_CCB also_RR there_EX are_VBR dissimilar_JJ formulae_NN2 used_VMK to_TO calculate_VVI VOC_NN1 contents_NN2 of_IO a_AT1 paint_NN1 ;_; hence_RR ,_, comparisons_NN2 are_VBR quite_RG difficult_JJ ,_, indeed_RR ._. 
</s>
<s>
An_AT1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 group_NN1 used_VVD electrospinning_VVG and_CC electrospraying_NN1 in_BCL21 order_BCL22 to_TO fabricate_VVI PH_NN1 ENMs_NP1 coated_VVD PVDF/PDMS_NP1 hybridized_VVD microspheres_NN2 (_( Fig._NN1 8a_FO )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Spatial_JJ oxygen_NN1 distribution_NN1 and_CC oxygen_NN1 decrease_NN1 rates_NN2 were_VBDR able_JK to_TO give_VVI an_AT1 idea_NN1 about_II the_AT complexity_NN1 of_IO the_AT biofilm_NN1 structure_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
In_II summary_NN1 ,_, if_CS the_AT "_" fish-hook_JJ effect_NN1 "_" is_VBZ proved_VVN to_TO be_VBI a_AT1 scientifically_RR significant_JJ physical_JJ phenomenon_NN1 in_II the_AT future_NN1 ,_, it_PPH1 will_VM be_VBI extremely_RR helpful_JJ for_IF us_PPIO2 to_TO improve_VVI the_AT separation_NN1 efficiency_NN1 of_IO ultrafine/light_NN1 particles_NN2 by_II controlling_VVG the_AT "_" fishhook_NN1 effect_NN1 "_" ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT RC_NP1 approach_NN1 is_VBZ the_AT more_RGR conservative_JJ approach_NN1 ,_, as_CSA it_PPH1 captures_VVZ burdens_NN2 when_CS they_PPHS2 occur_VV0 in_II the_AT material_NN1 life_NN1 cycle_NN1 and_CC does_VDZ not_XX assume_VVI recovered_JJ material_NN1 will_VM displace_VVI primary_JJ material_NN1 production_NN1 in_II the_AT future_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
If_CS the_AT primary_JJ goal_NN1 of_IO the_AT study_NN1 is_VBZ to_TO evaluate_VVI a_AT1 novel_JJ electrode_NN1 material_NN1 ,_, then_RT such_DA extra_JJ characterization_NN1 is_VBZ especially_RR critical_JJ ._. 
</s>
<s>
As_CSA seen_VVN in_II Fig._NN1 8c_FO and_CC f_ZZ1 ,_, sulfur_NN1 element_NN1 was_VBDZ detected_VVN on_II the_AT Mg_FO anode_NN1 and_CC magnesium_NN1 element_NN1 was_VBDZ detected_VVN on_II the_AT S-CNT_JJ cathode_NN1 after_II 100_MC cycles_NN2 ,_, which_DDQ indicates_VVZ that_CST polysulphides_NN2 diffused_VVN from_II the_AT cathode_NN1 to_II the_AT Mg_FO anode_NN1 during_II the_AT cycling_NN1 process_NN1 and_CC that_CST the_AT deep_JJ discharge_NN1 products_NN2 (_( e._ZZ1 g._NNU ,_, MgS_NNU2 )_) in_II the_AT cathode_NN1 were_VBDR difficult_JJ to_TO break_VVI down_RP completely_RR during_II the_AT charge_NN1 process_NN1 ,_, respectively_RR ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT profiles_NN2 of_IO the_AT accelerated_JJ durability_NN1 test_NN1 (_( ADT_NP1 )_) for_IF evaluating_VVG the_AT stability_NN1 of_IO each_DD1 Pt/C_NNU catalyst_NN1 are_VBR indicated_VVN in_II Fig._NN1 9_MC ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT WRF_NP1 (_( model_NN1 version_NN1 3.4.1_MC )_) meteorological_JJ model_NN1 is_VBZ a_AT1 mesoscaled_JJ numerical_JJ weather_NN1 prediction_NN1 system_NN1 providing_VVG regional_JJ input_NN1 meteorological_JJ database_NN1 for_IF regional_JJ scale_NN1 running_NN1 of_IO biogeo-chemical_JJ models_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Rate_NN1 of_IO change_NN1 considerations_NN2 supplement_VV0 amount_NN1 of_IO change_NN1 rather_II21 than_II22 replacing_VVG it_PPH1 ;_; for_REX21 instance_REX22 there_EX are_VBR situations_NN2 (_( such_II21 as_II22 mountaintops_NN2 )_) where_CS potentially_RR fast-moving_JJ species_NN have_VH0 nowhere_RL to_TO go_VVI ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT GOR_NN1 is_VBZ enhanced_VVN only_RR by_II 7.6%_FO ,_, due_II21 to_II22 the_AT small_JJ change_NN1 of_IO evaporation_NN1 energy_NN1 at_II higher_JJR pore_NN1 sizes_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT regression_NN1 model_NN1 predicted_VVD ambient_NN1 PM2.5_FO concentrations_NN2 ranging_VVG from_II 35_MC to_II 719gm-3_MC ._. 
</s>
<s>
PTR-MS_NN1 detected_VVD proportionally_RR less_DAR of_IO the_AT total_JJ DOC_NN1 pool_NN1 in_II headwater_JJR streams_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Table_NN1 1_MC1 lists_VVZ four_MC dynamometer_JJR tests_NN2 with_IW YC6L280-50_MC diesel_NN1 engine_NN1 in_II this_DD1 study_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT warming_JJ pattern_NN1 gives_VVZ rise_NN1 to_II an_AT1 increase_NN1 in_II rainfall_NN1 in_II the_AT equatorial_JJ Pacific_NP1 ,_, particularly_RR in_II the_AT eastern_JJ part_NN1 of_IO the_AT basin43_FO ._. 
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<s>
Another_DD1 reason_NN1 might_VM be_VBI that_CST in_II the_AT alkaline_JJ condition_NN1 ,_, the_AT kinetic_JJ constant_NN1 is_VBZ lower_JJR than_CSN that_DD1 in_II acid_NN1 and_CC neutral_JJ conditions_NN2 because_CS so_RG easily_RR reacts_VVZ with_IW hydroxyl_NN1 ions_NN2 through_II a_AT1 process_NN1 similar_JJ to_II Eq_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
(_( 6_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT EFB_NN1 samples_NN2 were_VBDR chopped_VVN into_II small_JJ pieces_NN2 to_TO facilitate_VVI the_AT pyrolysis_NN1 process_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Tasks_NN2 involving_VVG spatial_JJ relationships_NN2 might_VM include_VVI comparisons_NN2 of_IO temperature_NN1 anomalies_NN2 at_II different_JJ spatial_JJ locations_NN2 on_II a_AT1 map_NN1 ,_, inferring_VVG trends_NN2 in_II data_NN from_II observed_JJ time-series_JJ data_NN (_( which_DDQ spatially_RR plot_VV0 x-y_FO relationships_NN2 )_) ,_, or_CC comparing_VVG uncertainty_NN1 ranges_VVZ for_IF future_JJ projections_NN2 of_IO climate_NN1 under_II different_JJ scenarios_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Arrays_NN2 of_IO immobilized_JJ Ag-NPs_NN2 have_VH0 been_VBN used_VVN for_IF the_AT in_RR21 situ_RR22 study_NN1 of_IO sulfidation_NN1 in_II a_AT1 full_JJ scale_NN1 WWTP_NP1 by_II Kent_NP1 et_RA21 al_RA22 ._. 
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<s>
(_( 2014_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Transfer_NN1 of_IO organic_JJ solute_NN1 without_IW current_JJ (_( in_II diffusion_NN1 system_NN1 )_) and_CC then_RT with_IW current_JJ are_VBR studied_VVN ._. 
</s>
<s>
We_PPIS2 also_RR would_VM like_VVI to_TO thank_VVI the_AT anonymous_JJ reviewers_NN2 for_IF their_APPGE constructive_JJ comments_NN2 ,_, and_CC the_AT technical_JJ supports_NN2 from_II the_AT Information_NN1 Technology_NN1 Services_NN2 Centre_NN1 (_( ITSC_NP1 )_) at_II CUHK_NP1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Three_MC endpoint_NN1 indicators_NN2 (_( ecosystem_VV0 quality_NN1 ,_, human_JJ health_NN1 and_CC resources_NN2 )_) following_VVG the_AT Eco_NP1 indicator_NN1 99_MC methodology57_FO were_VBDR also_RR considered_VVN ._. 
</s>
<s>
Furthermore_RR ,_, it_PPH1 is_VBZ imaginable_JJ that_CST the_AT judgment_NN1 refers_VVZ to_II extremes_NN2 ,_, i._MC e._ZZ1 ,_, very_RG low_JJ or_CC very_RG high_JJ exposure_NN1 times_NNT2 ._. 
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<s>
Table_NN1 3_MC shows_VVZ the_AT different_JJ contributions_NN2 to_II the_AT mass_JJ exchange_NN1 coefficients_NN2 between_II the_AT different_JJ phases_NN2 ,_, from_II which_DDQ it_PPH1 is_VBZ evident_JJ that_CST the_AT mass_JJ exchange_NN1 coefficient_NN1 is_VBZ at_RR21 least_RR22 reciprocally_RR dependent_JJ on_II the_AT bubble_NN1 diameter_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
In_II the_AT modelling_NN1 of_IO the_AT particle_NN1 detachment_NN1 process_VV0 a_AT1 great_JJ disagreement_NN1 exists_VVZ in_II describing_VVG the_AT influences_NN2 of_IO eddies_NN2 and_CC the_AT interactions_NN2 of_IO eddies_NN2 and_CC bubble-particle_JJ aggregates_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT interlayer_NN1 interaction_NN1 of_IO the_AT 2D_NNU nanomaterials_NN2 is_VBZ very_RG weak_JJ and_CC the_AT electrons_NN2 are_VBR almost_RR unlimited_JJ between_II layers_NN2 ,_, such_CS21 that_CS22 electrons_NN2 rarely_RR encounter_VV0 "_" roadblocks_NN2 "_" in_II this_DD1 material_NN1 and_CC can_VM move_VVI smoothly_RR at_II higher_JJR speeds_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
According_II21 to_II22 the_AT above_JJ analysis_NN1 ,_, the_AT influencing_JJ factors_NN2 used_VVN in_II this_DD1 paper_NN1 mainly_RR include_VV0 the_AT share_NN1 of_IO secondary_JJ industry_NN1 (_( SSI_NP1 )_) ,_, energy_NN1 intensity_NN1 (_( EI_NP1 )_) ,_, urbanization_NN1 (_( URB_NP1 )_) ,_, population_NN1 density_NN1 (_( DEN_NN1 )_) ,_, local_JJ government_NN1 expenditure_NN1 (_( LGE_NP1 )_) ,_, and_CC foreign_JJ direct_JJ investment_NN1 (_( FDI_NP1 )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Some_DD sphingomonad_NN1 strains_NN2 have_VH0 flagella_NN1 and_CC their_APPGE mobility_NN1 in_II PAH-contaminated_JJ soils_NN2 and_CC sediments_NN2 have_VH0 been_VBN observed_VVN (_( LaRoe_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2010_MC )_) ,_, but_CCB not_XX in_II others_NN2 like_II Sphingobium_NP1 yanoikuyae_NN2 B1_FO (_( Cunliffe_NP1 and_CC Kertesz_NP1 ,_, 2006_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT TEA_NN1 was_VBDZ designed_VVN to_TO determine_VVI the_AT minimum_JJ selling_NN1 price_NN1 of_IO the_AT bio-oil_NN1 that_CST would_VM give_VVI an_AT1 internal_JJ rate_NN1 of_IO return_NN1 on_II investment_NN1 of_IO 10%_NNU from_II the_AT plant_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
These_DD2 TEs_NP1 ,_, impacting_VVG the_AT poplars_NN2 of_IO the_AT industrial_JJ plot_NN1 ,_, were_VBDR emitted_VVN by_II various_JJ industrial_JJ activities_NN2 represented_VVN on_II the_AT industrial_JJ harbour_NN1 of_IO Fos_NP2 ,_, such_II21 as_II22 the_AT steel_NN1 industry_NN1 (_( As_CSA ,_, Cd_NN1 ,_, Cr_NP1 ,_, Co_NP1 ,_, Cu_FO ,_, Hg_FO ,_, Ni_NP1 ,_, Pb_FO ,_, V_ZZ1 ,_, Zn_NP1 and_CC Fe_FO )_) ,_, refineries_NN2 (_( Cd_NN1 ,_, Cu_FO ,_, Ni_NP1 ,_, Zn_NP1 and_CC V_ZZ1 )_) ,_, chemical_JJ plants_NN2 (_( Co_NP1 ,_, Hg_FO ,_, Ni_NP1 ,_, V_ZZ1 and_CC Zn_NP1 )_) ,_, cement_NN1 plants_NN2 (_( Pb_FO ,_, V_ZZ1 and_CC Al_NP1 )_) or_CC road_NN1 traffic_NN1 (_( Cu_FO ,_, Sb_NP1 )_) (_( Sylvestre_NP1 ,_, 2016_MC ;_; IREP_NP1 ,_, 2016_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Even_CS21 though_CS22 removal_NN1 of_IO these_DD2 heavy_JJ metals_NN2 in_II CWs_NP1 involves_VVZ various_JJ processes_NN2 ;_; physical_JJ ,_, chemical_JJ and_CC biological_JJ reactions_NN2 ,_, the_AT interactions_NN2 of_IO heavy_JJ metal_NN1 accumulation_NN1 ,_, uptake_NN1 ,_, and_CC translocation_NN1 with_IW formation_NN1 of_IO root_NN1 iron_NN1 plaques_NN2 have_VH0 attracted_VVN significant_JJ attention_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Depending_II21 on_II22 the_AT local_JJ (_( street_NN1 )_) and_CC city_NN1 scales_NN2 ,_, vegetation_NN1 types_NN2 and_CC their_APPGE placement_NN1 and_CC density_NN1 could_VM alter_VVI air_NN1 quality_NN1 and_CC both_DB2 increase_VV0 or_CC decrease_VV0 public_JJ exposure_NN1 to_II air_NN1 pollution_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
In_II comparison_NN1 ,_, the_AT membrane_NN1 with_IW a_AT1 thicker_JJR coating_NN1 layer_NN1 (_( 0.8_MC pm_RA )_) could_VM maintain_VVI the_AT permeate_JJ conductivity_NN1 at_II 1-1.5_MCMC pS/cm_FU for_IF over_RG 300_MC h_ZZ1 '_NULL operation_NN1 ,_, with_IW only_JJ minor_JJ loss_NN1 of_IO flux_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Supplementary_JJ data_NN to_II this_DD1 article_NN1 can_VM be_VBI found_VVN online_RR at_II http_NNU :_: //dx._FU doi.org/10.1016/j_FU ._. 
</s>
<s>
Our_APPGE study_NN1 (_( Fig_NN1 1_MC1 )_) indicated_VVD that_CST the_AT primary_NN1 riceproducing_VVG regions_NN2 in_II China_NP1 were_VBDR distributed_VVN in_II arable_JJ land_NN1 with_IW more_RGR serious_JJ contamination_NN1 ,_, as_CSA indicated_VVN by_II the_AT 2014_MC National_JJ Soil_NN1 Contamination_NN1 Survey_NN1 from_II the_AT Ministry_NN1 of_IO Land_NP1 and_CC Resources_NN2 Report_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT half-wave_JJ potential_NN1 was_VBDZ obtained_VVN by_II the_AT same_DA method_NN1 as_CSA the_AT onset_NN1 potential_NN1 except_II 50%_NNU of_IO the_AT limiting_JJ current_JJ density_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Gitipour_VV0 et_RA21 al_RA22 ._. 
</s>
<s>
revealed_VVN that_CST 93.93%_FO of_IO Tehran_NP1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 hospitals_NN2 treated_VVN their_APPGE HSW_NP1 trough_NN1 autoclaving_VVG methods_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Moreover_RR ,_, it_PPH1 is_VBZ worth_II underlining_VVG that_CST after_CS the_AT optimization_NN1 of_IO the_AT oxidation_NN1 process_VV0 this_DD1 high_JJ efficiency_NN1 was_VBDZ ensured_VVN by_II using_VVG quite_RG low_JJ concentrations_NN2 of_IO the_AT reagents_NN2 (_( =_FO 0.08_MC g_ZZ1 L-1_FO and_CC =_FO 1g_NNU L-1_FO )_) ,_, and_CC the_AT overall_JJ cost_NN1 was_VBDZ estimated_VVN as_CSA 2.1_MC /m3_JJ ._. 
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<s>
Consequently_RR ,_, the_AT evaluation_NN1 of_IO their_APPGE performance_NN1 in_II NO2_FO adsorption_NN1 is_VBZ interesting_JJ in_BCL21 order_BCL22 to_TO understand_VVI the_AT textural_JJ properties_NN2 effect_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT membrane_NN1 electrolysis_NN1 experiments_NN2 were_VBDR carried_VVN out_RP in_II the_AT electrolytic_JJ cell_NN1 as_CSA shown_VVN in_II Fig._NN1 1_MC1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
With_IW climate_NN1 change_NN1 already_RR profoundly_RR altering_VVG social-ecological_JJ systems_NN2 ,_, we_PPIS2 need_VV0 to_TO marshal_VVI all_DB the_AT available_JJ data_NN on_II climate_NN1 processes_NN2 and_CC their_APPGE diverse_JJ consequences_NN2 :_: the_AT local-scale_JJ observations_NN2 of_IO subsistence-oriented_JJ communities_NN2 are_VBR a_AT1 critical_JJ part_NN1 of_IO that_DD1 process_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Gender_NN1 is_VBZ also_RR a_AT1 variable_NN1 considered_VVN in_II most_DAT empirical_JJ studies_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
For_REX21 example_REX22 ,_, the_AT dicarboxylic_JJ acid_NN1 esters_NN2 of_IO DEHS_NP2 are_VBR mainly_RR synthesized_VVN by_II using_VVG base/acid_JJ catalysts_NN2 ,_, enzyme_NN1 catalysts_NN2 ,_, as_II31 well_II32 as_II33 noncatalytic_JJ reactions_NN2 in_II supercritical_JJ fluids_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Summer_NNT1 near-surface_JJ temperatures_NN2 are_VBR significantly_RR higher_JJR (_( >3_FO K_ZZ1 ,_, Fig._NN1 2a_FO )_) near_II the_AT grounding_NN1 zone_NN1 than_CSN towards_II the_AT calving_JJ front_NN1 ,_, approximately_RR 50_MC km_NNU downstream_RL ,_, where_CS the_AT surface-based_JJ temperature_NN1 inversion_NN1 prevails_VVZ ._. 
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<s>
To_TO investigate_VVI the_AT robustness_NN1 of_IO the_AT proposed_JJ hybrid_JJ system_NN1 ,_, the_AT earlier_JJR simulation_NN1 results_NN2 are_VBR compared_VVN with_IW the_AT findings_NN2 of_IO a_AT1 detailed_JJ study_NN1 of_IO MSF_NP1 +_FO RO_NP1 hybrid_JJ plant_NN1 carried_VVN out_RP by_II Helal_NP1 et_RA21 al_RA22 ._. 
</s>
<s>
&lsqb;_( 24_MC &rsqb;_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
A_AT1 t-test_NN1 indicated_VVD that_CST the_AT differences_NN2 between_II the_AT averages_NN2 (_( 13.0_MC ,_, 9.5_MC and_CC 7.4_MC g/L_NNU for_IF the_AT three_MC areas_NN2 )_) were_VBDR statistically_RR significant_JJ at_II the_AT 95%_NNU confidence_NN1 level_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
In_II the_AT context_NN1 of_IO water_NN1 treatment_NN1 ,_, more_RGR particularly_RR in_II field_NN1 of_IO desalination_NN1 ,_, significant_JJ numbers_NN2 of_IO breakthroughs_NN2 have_VH0 been_VBN achieved_VVN to_TO drive_VVI accelerated_JJ change_NN1 for_IF ceaseless_JJ capability_NN1 improvements_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT concentrations_NN2 of_IO Mn_FO in_II hair_NN1 ,_, nails_NN2 ,_, urine_NN1 ,_, plasma_NN1 ,_, and_CC RBCs_NP1 ranged_VVD from_II 21.5_MC ,_, 10.9_MC ,_, 9.78_MC ,_, 2.85_MC ,_, and_CC 4.85_MC g/g_NNU ,_, respectively_RR ._. 
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<s>
On_II another_DD1 hand_NN1 ,_, the_AT role_NN1 of_IO photochemistry_NN1 in_II a_AT1 Fenton-like_JJ process_NN1 is_VBZ to_TO provide_VVI energy_NN1 using_VVG ultraviolet_JJ and/or_CC visible_JJ light_NN1 to_TO reduce_VVI the_AT catalyst_NN1 loading_NN1 and/or_CC to_TO enhance_VVI the_AT catalytic_JJ capacity_NN1 of_IO the_AT catalyst_NN1 in_II both_DB2 heterogeneous_JJ and_CC homogeneous_JJ Fenton-like_JJ processes_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Extreme_JJ El_NP1 Nino_NP1 features_VVZ disproportionately_RR warm_JJ maximum_NN1 SST_NP1 anomalies_NN2 in_II the_AT eastern_JJ equatorial_JJ Pacific_NP1 ,_, but_CCB the_AT anomaly_NN1 centres_NN2 of_IO weak_JJ El_NP1 Nino_NP1 and_CC extreme_JJ La_NP1 Nina_NP1 events_NN2 are_VBR situated_VVN in_II the_AT central_JJ equatorial_JJ Pacific25_FO ._. 
</s>
<s>
Because_CS thermal_JJ activation_NN1 might_VM be_VBI involved_JJ in_II the_AT activation_NN1 of_IO PMS/PDS_NP2 at_II high_JJ temperature_NN1 ,_, the_AT reaction_NN1 mechanisms_NN2 might_VM be_VBI different_JJ from_II those_DD2 at_II room_NN1 temperature_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT PM1_FO level_NN1 continuously_RR declined_VVN from_II 2014_MC to_II 2016_MC ,_, but_CCB remained_VVD stable_JJ during_II the_AT period_NN1 from_II 2016_MC to_II 2017_MC ._. 
</s>
<s>
In_II this_DD1 study_NN1 we_PPIS2 correlated_VVD e_ZZ1 value_NN1 magnitudes_NN2 ofPCE_VV0 with_IW the_AT responsible_JJ reductively_RR dechlorinating_VVG bacteria_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
A_AT1 recent_JJ study_NN1 by_II Arias_NP1 et_RA21 al_RA22 ._. 
</s>
<s>
was_VBDZ performed_VVN to_TO investigate_VVI the_AT approximate_JJ cost_NN1 of_IO the_AT elimination_NN1 of_IO boron_NN1 in_II desalinated_JJ water_NN1 by_II RO_NP1 ._. 
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<s>
Shrotri_NP1 et_RA21 al_RA22 ._. 
</s>
<s>
reported_VVN an_AT1 aqueous_JJ phase_NN1 hydrolysis-hydrogenation_NN1 process_NN1 to_TO convert_VVI cellulose_NN1 into_II sorbitol_NN1 using_VVG a_AT1 bimetallic_JJ Ni-Pt_NP1 catalyst_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Several_DA2 different_JJ dPCR_NNU platforms_NN2 have_VH0 been_VBN developed_VVN ,_, such_II21 as_II22 droplet_NN1 dPCR_NNU ,_, where_CS water-in-oil_JJ emulsion_NN1 droplets_NN2 are_VBR used_VVN on_II a_AT1 microfluidic_JJ chip_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
This_DD1 run_NN1 also_RR had_VHD the_AT highest_JJT C5_FO concentration_NN1 (_( 119.95g/L_NNU )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Numerical_JJ results_NN2 are_VBR consistent_JJ with_IW experimental_JJ ones_NN2 ,_, which_DDQ validates_VVZ the_AT LES_NP1 micromixing_VVG models_NN2 developed_VVN ._. 
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<s>
Considering_CS 2-year_JJ average_JJ values_NN2 ,_, TWW_NP1 applications_NN2 significantly_RR decreased_VVD the_AT DMC_NP1 value_NN1 by_II 10.1%_FO compared_VVN to_II the_AT FW_NP1 application_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT UV_JJ transmittance_NN1 (_( UVT_NP1 )_) of_IO the_AT suspension_NN1 was_VBDZ measured_VVN at_II 270_MC nm_FU using_VVG a_AT1 spectrometer_NN1 (_( Cary_NP1 100_MC UV-VIS_MC2 )_) ._. 
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<s>
These_DD2 reactions_NN2 can_VM produce_VVI THMs_NP1 at_II several_DA2 mg/mg_NNU in_II ultrapure_NN1 water_NN1 (_( Table_NN1 1_MC1 )_) (_( Klaus_NP1 and_CC Lawrence_NP1 ,_, 1977_MC ;_; Feige_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 1980_MC ;_; Soponkanaporn_NP1 and_CC Gehr_NP1 ,_, 1988_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
This_DD1 means_VVZ that_CST there_EX will_VM be_VBI continual_JJ selection_NN1 for_IF microorganisms_NN2 that_CST either_RR catalyze_VV0 the_AT sulfide_NN1 mineral_NN1 dissolution_NN1 or_CC create_VV0 the_AT conditions_NN2 favorable_JJ for_IF rapid_JJ dissolution_NN1 of_IO the_AT sulfide_NN1 minerals_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
This_DD1 work_NN1 was_VBDZ supported_VVN by_II Instalaciones_NP1 Inabensa_NP1 S._NP1 A_ZZ1 ,_, during_II the_AT realization_NN1 of_IO the_AT AVANT_FW O2II_FO project_NN1 (_( grant_VV0 number_NN1 PI-0888/2001_FU )_) ,_, which_DDQ was_VBDZ financed_VVN by_II the_AT Regional_JJ Government_NN1 of_IO Andalusia_NP1 ._. 
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<s>
Furthermore_RR ,_, proton_NN1 transfer_NN1 is_VBZ likely_JJ to_TO be_VBI unfavorable_JJ by_II at_RR21 least_RR22 15_MC kJ_NNU mol_NN1 --_NN1 1_MC1 at_II 293_MC K_ZZ1 and_CC pH_NN1 5_MC (_( Teixido_NP1 et_RA21 al_RA22 ._. 
</s>
<s>
2011_MC ;_; Pan_NP1 and_CC Xing_NP1 ,_, 2008_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
When_CS the_AT model_NN1 is_VBZ run_VVN without_IW these_DD2 observations_NN2 ,_, 18_MC points_NN2 appear_VV0 to_TO be_VBI potentially_RR influential_JJ ._. 
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<s>
Besides_II this_DD1 ,_, plastic_NN1 pellets_NN2 found_VVN on_II beaches_NN2 and_CC virgin_JJ pellets_NN2 have_VH0 different_JJ adsorption_NN1 capacities_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Therefore_RR ,_, being_VBG AS_CSA process_NN1 very_RG diluted_JJ (_( <4_FO g/l_ZZ1 )_) the_AT correlations_NN2 found_VVN by_II the_AT previous_JJ authors_NN2 were_VBDR not_XX applicable_JJ ,_, especially_RR at_II values_NN2 lower_JJR than_CSN 6_MC g/l_NNU ,_, where_CS grey_JJ water-related_JJ studies_NN2 were_VBDR used_VVN to_TO present_VVI linear_JJ correlations_NN2 with_IW lower_JJR MLSS_NP1 concentrations_NN2 (_( Henkel_NP1 ,_, 2010_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
The_AT results_NN2 of_IO the_AT tensile_JJ test_NN1 for_IF the_AT various_JJ examined_JJ natural_JJ fibers_NN2 regarding_II the_AT tensile_JJ strength_NN1 property_NN1 are_VBR illustrated_VVN in_II Fig._NN1 4_MC ._. 
</s>
<s>
We_PPIS2 also_RR examined_VVD graphical_JJ output_NN1 from_II the_AT Logistic_JJ procedure_NN1 with_IW influence_NN1 option_NN1 ,_, as_CSA described_VVN in_II Supporting_JJ Information_NN1 SI_FW 5_MC ._. 
</s>
<s>
Therefore_RR ,_, research_NN1 dedicated_VVN to_II this_DD1 complementary_JJ ,_, multidisciplinary_JJ approach_NN1 should_VM be_VBI expanded_VVN ,_, in_RR21 particular_RR22 with_II31 respect_II32 to_II33 linking_VVG processes_NN2 operating_VVG at_II a_AT1 molecular_JJ scale_NN1 to_II those_DD2 operating_VVG at_II the_AT global_JJ scale_NN1 (_( Jansen_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2014_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
However_RR ,_, under_II anoxic_JJ condition_NN1 ,_, the_AT metabolic_JJ activity_NN1 of_IO S._NP1 oneidensis_NN1 MR-1_MC1 enhances_VVZ Fe(0)_FO corrosion_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Figure_NN1 4_MC shows_VVZ the_AT mass_JJ contribution_NN1 (_( %_NNU of_IO PM1_FO )_) of_IO the_AT eight_MC dominant_JJ a-pinene-derived_JJ carboxylic_JJ acids_NN2 and_CC the_AT 15_MC dimer_NN1 esters_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
That_DD1 result_NN1 was_VBDZ not_XX explained_VVN by_II measures_NN2 of_IO psychological_JJ distress_NN1 or_CC physical_JJ activity_NN1 ,_, indicating_VVG that_CST the_AT physical_JJ removal_NN1 and/or_CC psycho-acoustic_JJ modification_NN1 of_IO noise_NN1 via_II green_JJ space_NN1 may_VM be_VBI the_AT dominant_JJ pathway_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT sludge_NN1 rheology_NN1 was_VBDZ determined_VVN by_II a_AT1 rotational_JJ rheometer_NN1 (_( Haake_NP1 RheoStress_NP1 6000_MC ,_, Thermo_NP1 Fisher_NP1 Scientific_JJ Inc._JJ ,_, Karlsruhe_NP1 ,_, Germany_NP1 )_) ,_, using_VVG a_AT1 P_ZZ1 35_MC parallel_JJ plate_NN1 geometry_NN1 (_( 35-mm_JJ diameter_NN1 ,_, 1_MC1 mm_NNU gap_NN1 )_) ._. 
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<s>
Overall_RR ,_, the_AT in_RR21 situ_RR22 formed_VVN surface_NN1 film_NN1 enabled_VVD the_AT effective_JJ suppression_NN1 of_IO dendrite_NN1 growth_NN1 and_CC made_VVD the_AT novel_JJ battery_NN1 obtain_VV0 an_AT1 ultra-long_JJ cycling_NN1 life_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
CS-nZVI_NN2 showed_VVD excellent_JJ degradation_NN1 of_IO perchlorate_NN1 ,_, especially_RR at_II high_JJ concentrations_NN2 of_IO perchlorate_JJ polluted_JJ water_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT reactions_NN2 were_VBDR conducted_VVN and_CC monitored_VVN using_VVG a_AT1 thermogravimetric_JJ analyzer_NN1 coupled_VVN with_IW mass_JJ spectrometer_NN1 (_( TG-MS_NN1 )_) machine_NN1 (_( Figure_NN1 S4_FO )_) for_IF real-time_JJ syngas_NN2 generation_NN1 and/or_CC evolution_NN1 under_II different_JJ operational_JJ conditions_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Secondly_RR ,_, there_EX is_VBZ no_AT doubt_NN1 that_CST denitrification_NN1 cause_NN1 emission_NN1 and_CC nitrogen_NN1 loss_NN1 during_II composting_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Therefore_RR ,_, urban_JJ areas_NN2 that_CST are_VBR far_RR away_II21 from_II22 the_AT main_JJ sewers_NN2 urgently_RR require_VV0 innovative_JJ sanitation_NN1 techniques_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
It_PPH1 is_VBZ also_RR evident_JJ that_CST the_AT influence_NN1 of_IO the_AT relative_JJ abundance_NN1 of_IO coniferous_JJ trees_NN2 (_( PC-3_MC )_) was_VBDZ most_RRT pronounced_VVN around_RG 5700_MC years_NNT2 BP_NP1 ,_, when_CS there_EX was_VBDZ a_AT1 shift_NN1 from_II a_AT1 negative_JJ to_II a_AT1 positive_JJ effect_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
We_PPIS2 pooled_VVD QA/QC_NN1 data_NN from_II this_DD1 study_NN1 with_IW that_DD1 from_II two_MC of_IO our_APPGE other_JJ studies_NN2 in_II low-income_JJ housing_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Potential_JJ hazards_NN2 from_II a_AT1 safety_NN1 ,_, environmental_JJ and_CC occupational_JJ health_NN1 aspect_NN1 have_VH0 to_TO be_VBI considered_VVN in_II the_AT design_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Greenhouse_NN1 gas_NN1 (_( GHG_NP1 )_) -induced_JJ warming_NN1 is_VBZ much_RR lower_JJR over_II oceans_NN2 than_CSN over_II land_NN1 ,_, owing_II21 to_II22 evaporation_NN1 over_RP and_CC vertical_JJ mixing_NN1 within_II oceans5_FO ._. 
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<s>
This_DD1 paper_NN1 was_VBDZ developed_VVN as_II part_NN1 of_IO the_AT graduate_NN1 course_NN1 on_II Methods_NN2 for_IF Large-Scale_JJ Analyses_NN2 in_II the_AT Department_NN1 of_IO Geography_NN1 and_CC Environment_NN1 at_II the_AT University_NN1 of_IO Hawai_NP1 '_NULL i_ZZ1 at_II Manoa_NP1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Ning_NP1 et_RA21 al_RA22 ._. 
</s>
<s>
produced_VVN melamine_NN1 derived_VVD N-doped_JJ porous_JJ CNT_NP1 networks_NN2 to_TO load_VVI MoS2_FO with_IW excellent_JJ rate_NN1 capability_NN1 of_IO 452_MC mAh/g_FU even_RR at_II 4_MC A/g_ZZ1 ,_, seen_VVN in_II Fig._NN1 4_MC (_( f_ZZ1 )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT final_JJ reason_NN1 may_VM be_VBI the_AT coarse_JJ mesh_NN1 which_DDQ will_VM lead_VVI to_II a_AT1 deviation_NN1 of_IO the_AT gas_NN1 phase_NN1 in_II the_AT near_JJ wall_NN1 region_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
All_DB pressure_NN1 values_NN2 in_II Fig_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
S6_FO are_VBR averaged_VVN for_IF better_JJR display_NN1 of_IO the_AT trend_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Unfortunately_RR ,_, the_AT empire_NN1 collapsed_VVD suddenly_RR ,_, believed_VVN due_II21 to_II22 severe_JJ environmental_JJ disaster_NN1 (_( Day_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2012_MC )_) ,_, but_CCB the_AT true_JJ cause_NN1 is_VBZ still_RR unknown_JJ ._. 
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<s>
A_AT1 cultivated_JJ site_NN1 smothered_VVN by_II mining_VVG tailings_NN2 due_II21 to_II22 the_AT collapse_NN1 of_IO the_AT tailing_VVG dam_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 Pb/Zn_FU mine_NN1 in_II Chenzhou_NP1 ,_, Hunan_NP1 ,_, still_RR shows_VVZ unusual_JJ high_JJ contents_NN2 of_IO heavy_JJ metals_NN2 ,_, with_IW As_II and_CC Cd_NN1 in_II the_AT soil_NN1 exceeding_VVG the_AT thresholds_NN2 specified_VVN by_II the_AT Chinese_JJ criteria_NN2 (_( GB15618,1995_FO )_) by_II 24_MC and_CC 13_MC times_NNT2 and_CC those_DD2 in_II the_AT vegetables_NN2 exceeding_VVG by_II 6.6_MC and_CC 8.5_MC times_NNT2 (_( Liu_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2005_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Professional_JJ controls_NN2 were_VBDR vital_JJ for_IF this_DD1 purpose_NN1 to_TO ensure_VVI that_DD1 design_NN1 engineers_NN2 were_VBDR constantly_RR monitored_VVN for_IF adherence_NN1 to_II HSE_NN1 codes_NN2 ,_, acts_NN2 and_CC standards_NN2 for_IF design_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
After_CS the_AT completion_NN1 of_IO the_AT biphasic_JJ reaction_NN1 into_II the_AT stage_NN1 o_ZZ1 GIC_NP1 ,_, a_AT1 stage_NN1 p_ZZ1 GIC_NP1 evolves_VVZ ._. 
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<s>
At_RR21 present_RR22 ,_, the_AT subject_NN1 of_IO "_" Advanced_JJ Technologies_NN2 in_II Desalination_NN1 and_CC Environmental_JJ Technologies_NN2 "_" (_( 6ECTS_FO )_) is_VBZ taught_VVN within_II the_AT Master_NN1 of_IO Industrial_JJ Technology_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Moreover_RR ,_, investing_VVG in_II sustainability_NN1 is_VBZ less_RGR risky_JJ than_CSN investing_VVG into_II R_ZZ1 &D,;_NULL especially_RR in_II areas_NN2 such_II21 as_II22 energy_NN1 efficiency_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Under_II aerobic_JJ conditions_NN2 ,_, chloroform_NN1 has_VHZ no_AT potential_NN1 for_IF use_NN1 as_II a_AT1 primary_JJ substrate_NN1 ,_, and_CC only_RR some_DD potential_NN1 for_IF degradation_NN1 by_II cometabolism_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
However_RR ,_, considerable_JJ amount_NN1 of_IO OH_UH can_VM also_RR generate_VVI at_II near_RL neutral_JJ pH_NN1 (_( i._MC e._ZZ1 pH_NN1 6_MC and_CC 7_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
RNA-Seq_NP1 can_VM aid_VVI in_II identifying_VVG biomarkers_NN2 of_IO exposure_NN1 ,_, differentiating_JJ toxicity_NN1 between_II AgNPs_NP1 ,_, detecting_VVG casual_JJ contaminants_NN2 in_II environmental_JJ samples_NN2 ,_, and_CC assessing_VVG the_AT mechanisms_NN2 of_IO response_NN1 to_II stressors_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
After_II that_DD1 ,_, 3.1_MC mL_NNU of_IO citrate_JJ buffer_NN1 and_CC 3.1_MC mL_NNU of_IO chloroform_NN1 were_VBDR added_VVN to_TO split_VVI the_AT collected_JJ supernatant_NN1 into_II two_MC phases_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Duplicate_JJ samples_NN2 were_VBDR taken_VVN over_RG four_MC different_JJ sampling_NN1 periods_NN2 :_: 1_MC1 week_NNT1 ,_, 2_MC weeks_NNT2 ,_, 3_MC weeks_NNT2 and_CC 4_MC weeks_NNT2 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT Sao_NP1 Chico_NP1 village_NN1 consists_VVZ of_IO only_RR 63_MC houses_NN2 and_CC 150_MC individuals_NN2 (_( 41_MC %_NNU of_IO artisanal_JJ miners_NN2 )_) ._. 
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<s>
Period_NN1 of_IO dust_NN1 weather_NN1 events_NN2 and_CC the_AT relevant_JJ recognition_NN1 results_NN2 are_VBR given_VVN in_II Table_NN1 7_MC ._. 
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<s>
On_II the_AT basis_NN1 of_IO these_DD2 studies_NN2 ,_, the_AT CT_NN1 already_RR eliminates_VVZ estrogenicity_NN1 effectively_RR with_IW a_AT1 median_JJ removal_NN1 of_IO 91.8%_FO (_( Table_NN1 1_MC1 )_) ,_, which_DDQ is_VBZ in_II31 line_II32 with_II33 previously_RR reported_VVN values_NN2 for_IF a_AT1 CT_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT third_MD control_NN1 was_VBDZ performed_VVN using_VVG the_AT modified_JJ electrode_NN1 in_II the_AT reaction_NN1 mixture_NN1 without_IW applied_JJ potential_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Magnetic_JJ bead-based_JJ extraction_NN1 methods_NN2 are_VBR sometimes_RT used_VVN ,_, being_VBG expected_VVN that_CST they_PPHS2 work_VV0 more_RGR effectively_RR to_TO remove_VVI (_( RT-_NN1 )_) qPCR_NNU inhibitors_NN2 than_CSN spin_VV0 column-based_JJ methods_NN2 (_( La_NP1 Rosa_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2010a_FO ;_; Hata_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2011_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
It_PPH1 was_VBDZ aimed_VVN to_TO provide_VVI insight_NN1 into_II the_AT role_NN1 of_IO the_AT cathode_NN1 behind_II the_AT working_JJ conditions_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT risk_NN1 characterization_NN1 equation_NN1 shown_VVN below_RL estimates_VVZ hazard_NN1 quotient_NN1 (_( HQ_NN1 )_) as_II the_AT ratio_NN1 of_IO exposure_NN1 dose_NN1 for_IF young_JJ children_NN2 (_( 0-6_MCMC years_NNT2 of_IO age_NN1 )_) divided_VVN by_II the_AT reference_NN1 dose_NN1 (_( noncancer_NN1 endpoints_NN2 )_) or_CC de_NP1 minimis_NN1 cancer_NN1 risk_NN1 dose_NN1 as_CSA defined_VVN below_RL ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT porosity_NN1 of_IO the_AT sample_NN1 decreases_VVZ with_IW the_AT increase_NN1 in_II sintering_VVG temperature_NN1 ,_, and_CC the_AT material_NN1 bulk_NN1 density_NN1 at_II 1200_MC °C_NNU absorption_NN1 coefficient_NN1 is_VBZ low_JJ ._. 
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<s>
The_AT limit_NN1 of_IO detection_NN1 (_( LOD_NP1 )_) is_VBZ 0.002_MC ,_, 0.001_MC ,_, 0.004_MC ng_NNU mL-1_MC1 for_IF p-hydroxybenzoic_JJ ,_, vanillic_JJ ,_, and_CC dehydroabietic_JJ acids_NN2 ,_, respectively_RR ._. 
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<s>
Meanwhile_RR ,_, the_AT inter-distances_NN2 decrease_VV0 progressively_RR between_II the_AT adjacent_JJ Ag_FO NPs_NP1 ._. 
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<s>
Ca_NP1 was_VBDZ removed_VVN because_CS it_PPH1 may_VM interfere_VVI with_IW the_AT precipitation_NN1 of_IO struvite_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Toxicological_JJ studies_NN2 have_VH0 shown_VVN that_CST EPFRs_NN2 increase_VV0 the_AT risk_NN1 of_IO asthma_NN1 and_CC cause_NN1 lung_NN1 damage_NN1 (_( D_ZZ1 '_NULL Arienzo_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2017_MC ;_; Thevenot_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2013_MC ;_; Harmon_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2018_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
This_DD1 phenomenon_NN1 suggests_VVZ that_CST TP_NP1 variable_NN1 may_VM be_VBI a_AT1 relatively_RR ideal_JJ marker_NN1 of_IO heavy_JJ metal_NN1 accumulation_NN1 in_II the_AT soil_NN1 from_II external_JJ sources_NN2 (_( such_II21 as_II22 chemical_JJ fertilizers_NN2 )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Three_MC variables_NN2 were_VBDR used_VVN to_TO determine_VVI climatic_JJ suitability_NN1 for_IF a_AT1 particular_JJ geographic_JJ location_NN1 :_: monthly_JJ mean_JJ temperature_NN1 ,_, monthly_JJ mean_NN1 of_IO daily_JJ minimum_JJ temperatures_NN2 ,_, and_CC total_JJ cumulative_JJ monthly_JJ precipitation_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
One_MC1 of_IO the_AT major_JJ challenges_NN2 for_IF effective_JJ chemical_JJ regulation_NN1 and_CC management_NN1 is_VBZ how_RRQ to_TO identify_VVI the_AT chemicals_NN2 that_CST are_VBR the_AT primary_JJ cause_NN1 of_IO adverse_JJ effects_NN2 in_II the_AT environment_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
As_CSA plastics_NN2 are_VBR lightweight_JJ ,_, they_PPHS2 can_VM be_VBI transported_VVN to_II many_DA2 different_JJ locations_NN2 from_II land_NN1 to_II the_AT sea_NN1 through_II currents_NN2 and_CC wind_NN1 (_( Lavers_NP1 and_CC Bond_NP1 ,_, 2017_MC ;_; Law_NN1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2010_MC ;_; Monteiro_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2018_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
It_PPH1 is_VBZ well_RR known_VVN that_CST in_II RO_NP1 seawater_NN1 desalination_NN1 processes_NN2 ,_, the_AT working_JJ pressures_NN2 can_VM reach_VVI up-to_NN1 approximately_RR 10_MC MPa_NP1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Many_DA2 aromatic_JJ amines_NN2 that_CST are_VBR found_VVN in_II pesticides_NN2 ,_, pharmaceuticals_NN2 and_CC dyes_NN2 are_VBR positively_RR charged_VVN within_II the_AT pH_NN1 range_NN1 typically_RR occurring_VVG in_II the_AT natural_JJ environment_NN1 or_CC in_II water_NN1 treatment_NN1 systems_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT final_JJ volume_NN1 at_II the_AT end_NN1 of_IO the_AT experiment_NN1 was_VBDZ measured_VVN after_CS it_PPH1 was_VBDZ cooled_VVN down_RP to_II room_NN1 temperature_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Error_NN1 propagation_NN1 combines_VVZ the_AT variances_NN2 and_CC derivatives_NN2 of_IO each_DD1 parameter_NN1 into_II a_AT1 single_JJ expression_NN1 of_IO variability_NN1 for_IF the_AT minimum_JJ selling_NN1 price_NN1 ,_, shown_VVN in_II eq_NN1 3_MC below_RL where_CS δMSP_FO is_VBZ the_AT standard_JJ deviation_NN1 of_IO MSP_NP1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
According_II21 to_II22 the_AT pyramid_NN1 diagram_NN1 of_IO soil_NN1 type_NN1 (_( Fig._NN1 6_MC )_) ,_, soils_NN2 can_VM be_VBI categorized_VVN into_II 12_MC types_NN2 in_II31 terms_II32 of_II33 the_AT fractions_NN2 of_IO the_AT clay_NN1 ,_, sand_NN1 ,_, and_CC silt_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT Ni1xPtx_FO NPs_NP1 were_VBDR capable_JJ of_IO hydrolyzing_VVG the_AT BH3_FO group_NN1 of_IO HB_NP1 and_CC then_RT decomposing_VVG the_AT N2H4_FO group_NN1 at_II 50_MC °C_NNU ,_, whereas_CS the_AT monometallic_JJ Ni_NP1 and_CC Pt_FO were_VBDR inactive_JJ for_IF the_AT second_MD reaction_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Since_CS bromide_NN1 was_VBDZ not_XX removed_VVN in_II the_AT biofiltration_NN1 process_NN1 ,_, an_AT1 increase_NN1 of_IO the_AT bromine_NN1 incorporation_NN1 factors_NN2 after_II biofiltration_NN1 occurred_VVD ._. 
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<s>
Membrane_NN1 modification_NN1 has_VHZ also_RR been_VBN performed_VVN via_II TiO2_FO nanoparticles_NN2 incorporation_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Based_VVN on_II the_AT above_JJ results_NN2 ,_, we_PPIS2 propose_VV0 that_CST the_AT silica_NN1 nanoparticle_NN1 treatment_NN1 has_VHZ the_AT potential_NN1 for_IF use_NN1 as_II an_AT1 efficient_JJ strategy_NN1 for_IF preventing_VVG cyanobacteria_NN1 blooms_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Its_APPGE originality_NN1 is_VBZ to_TO determine_VVI the_AT sorption_NN1 parameters_NN2 in_II a_AT1 closed_JJ cell_NN1 (_( static_JJ condition_NN1 )_) using_VVG solid-phase_JJ microextraction_NN1 fibers_NN2 for_IF measuring_VVG gaseous_JJ concentrations_NN2 at_II the_AT material_NN1 surface_NN1 during_II the_AT adsorption_NN1 phase_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
This_DD1 value_NN1 was_VBDZ applied_VVN to_TO describe_VVI the_AT degree_NN1 of_IO substrate_NN1 oxidation_NN1 to_II FA_NP1 and_CC CO2_FO after_CS a_AT1 given_JJ reaction_NN1 time_NNT1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
H._NP1 M._NN1 designed_VVD the_AT study_NN1 ,_, carried_VVD out_RP the_AT experiments_NN2 and_CC analysed_VVD the_AT results_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Because_CS cyanobacteria_NN1 aggregates_NN2 may_VM still_RR suspend_VVI in_II natural_JJ aquatic_JJ systems_NN2 because_II21 of_II22 water_NN1 flow_NN1 ,_, we_PPIS2 also_RR investigated_VVD the_AT effect_NN1 of_IO our_APPGE treatment_NN1 on_II the_AT photo-autotrophic_JJ growth_NN1 and_CC MC_NN1 release_NN1 rate_NN1 of_IO the_AT aggregated_JJ cyanobacteria_NN1 under_II intense_JJ light_JJ conditions_NN2 (_( light_JJ intensity_NN1 :_: 500_MC juE-m-2-s-1_MC1 ;_; temperature_NN1 :_: 30_MC °C_NNU )_) (_( SI_FW Figures_VVZ S13_FO and_CC S14_FO )_) ,_, and_CC a_AT1 significant_JJ preventive_JJ effect_NN1 was_VBDZ still_RR observed_VVN ._. 
</s>
<s>
From_II 2007_MC to_II 2012_MC ,_, with_IW 43%_NNU of_IO the_AT new_JJ fixed_JJ assets_NN2 invested_VVN for_IF manufacturing_NN1 in_II the_AT central_JJ region_NN1 ,_, its_APPGE manufacturing_NN1 ,_, especially_RR technology-intensive_JJ manufacturing_NN1 ,_, underwent_VVD a_AT1 rapid_JJ increase_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Abbas_NP1 et_RA21 al_RA22 ._. 
</s>
<s>
reported_VVN a_AT1 lower_JJR capacitance_NN1 when_CS using_VVG PVDF_NP1 binders_NN2 in_II electrode_NN1 synthesis_NN1 in_II comparison_NN1 to_II PTFE_NP1 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT decomposition_NN1 of_IO oxygen-containing_JJ functional_JJ groups_NN2 in_II SA_NP1 and_CC ACM_NN1 ,_, such_II21 as_II22 -NO2_NN1 ,_, -SO3H_NP1 ,_, -OH_UH ,_, -COOH_NP1 and_CC epoxy_JJ group_NN1 ,_, mainly_RR occurred_VVD in_II the_AT second_MD stage_NN1 between_II 200_MC and_CC 400_MC ._. 
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<s>
Furthermore_RR ,_, the_AT high-resolution_NN1 V_ZZ1 2p_NNU XPS_NP1 spectra_NN2 of_IO o-NaV2O5_NN1 (_( Figure_NN1 1d_NNU )_) shows_VVZ that_CST V_ZZ1 2p3/2_FU and_CC V_ZZ1 2p1/2_FU peaks_NN2 split_VVN into_II two_MC peaks_NN2 ;_; the_AT peaks_NN2 at_II 516.0/523.2_MF eV_NN1 are_VBR ascribed_VVN to_II V4+_FO ,_, and_CC the_AT peaks_NN2 at_II 517.2/524.6_MF eV_NN1 are_VBR assigned_VVN to_II V5+_FO ._. 
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On_II a_AT1 longer_JJR term_NN1 ,_, these_DD2 processes_NN2 will_VM occur_VVI together_RL with_IW changes_NN2 connected_VVN with_IW a_AT1 progressively_RR more_RGR elevated_JJ treeline_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
For_IF the_AT latter_DA ,_, the_AT answers_NN2 of_IO originally_RR two_MC questions_NN2 were_VBDR combined_VVN :_: firstly_RR ,_, whether_CSW domestic_JJ noise_NN1 insulation_NN1 has_VHZ been_VBN fitted_VVN (_( yes_UH or_CC no_UH )_) and_CC secondly_RR ,_, in_CS21 case_CS22 insulation_NN1 has_VHZ been_VBN fitted_VVN ,_, how_RRQ satisfied_VVD the_AT respondent_NN1 is_VBZ with_IW it_PPH1 (_( 1_MC1 =_FO not_XX at_RR21 all_RR22 satisfied-5_MC =_FO extremely_RR satisfied_JJ )_) ._. 
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Second_MD ,_, while_CS normalization_NN1 of_IO data_NN sets_NN2 is_VBZ necessary_JJ for_IF comparison_NN1 across_II studies_NN2 ,_, the_AT method_NN1 of_IO normalization_NN1 can_VM alter_VVI the_AT number_NN1 and_CC strength_NN1 of_IO identified_JJ correlations_NN2 between_II variables_NN2 ._. 
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Moreover_RR ,_, continuous_JJ monitoring_NN1 and_CC control_NN1 of_IO environmental_JJ conditions_NN2 ,_, including_II temperature_NN1 ,_, relative_JJ humidity_NN1 ,_, water_NN1 contents_NN2 and_CC pollutants_NN2 ,_, should_VM be_VBI a_AT1 high_JJ priority_NN1 in_II overall_JJ prevention_NN1 and_CC conservation_JJ activities_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
These_DD2 results_NN2 are_VBR inconsistent_JJ with_IW some_DD ecosystem_NN1 models_NN2 ,_, but_CCB are_VBR supportive_JJ of_IO new_JJ ecosystem_NN1 models_NN2 from_II CMIP6_FO ._. 
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<s>
The_AT U._NP1 S._NP1 Environmental_JJ Protection_NN1 Agency_NN1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 Waste_JJ Reduction_NN1 Model_NN1 ,_, a_AT1 greenhouse_NN1 gas_NN1 accounting_NN1 and_CC life-cycle_NN1 assessment_NN1 program_NN1 ,_, currently_RR assumes_VVZ no_AT biodegradation_NN1 of_IO PLA_NP1 in_II landfills_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
In_II the_AT present_JJ study_NN1 ,_, we_PPIS2 have_VH0 adopted_VVN these_DD2 tested_JJ model_NN1 grid_NN1 and_CC physics_NN1 configurations_NN2 in_II ARW_NP1 model_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
In_II both_DB2 the_AT cases_NN2 of_IO control_NN1 valves_NN2 and_CC VSPs_NP1 ,_, device_NN1 settings_NN2 are_VBR adjusted_VVN in_II real_JJ time_NNT1 to_TO lead_VVI the_AT controlled_JJ pressure_NN1 head_NN1 to_II the_AT set-point_JJ value_NN1 ,_, under_II various_JJ operating_NN1 conditions_NN2 of_IO the_AT district_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Modeling_NN1 of_IO the_AT heat_NN1 conduction_NN1 is_VBZ not_XX easy_JJ to_TO conduct_VVI as_II the_AT proposed_JJ media_NN is_VBZ comprised_VVN of_IO a_AT1 combination_NN1 of_IO polymer_NN1 and_CC support_VV0 matrices_NN2 ,_, mixture_NN1 of_IO water_NN1 molecules_NN2 (_( in_II vapor_NN1 state_NN1 )_) and_CC air_NN1 which_DDQ usually_RR make_VV0 the_AT modeling_NN1 complex_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
These_DD2 impurities_NN2 require_VV0 different_JJ post_NN1 recovery_NN1 washing_NN1 procedures_NN2 of_IO PHAs_NN2 which_DDQ result_VV0 in_II product_NN1 cost_NN1 increase_NN1 (_( Boynton_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 1999_MC ;_; Holmes_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 1980_MC ;_; Volova_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2003_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
Among_II the_AT hydrocarbons_NN2 ,_, C2H6_FO yield_NN1 was_VBDZ appreciable_JJ over_II the_AT entire_JJ irradiation_NN1 time_NNT1 confirming_VVG In-doped_NN1 TiO2_FO catalyst_NN1 was_VBDZ suitable_JJ for_IF production_NN1 of_IO higher_JJR hydrocarbons_NN2 especially_RR ethane_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Comparison_NN1 of_IO suppression_NN1 percentage_NN1 of_IO critical_JJ temperature_NN1 ,_, critical_JJ pressure_NN1 ,_, and_CC bubble-point_JJ pressure_NN1 at_II reservoir_NN1 temperature_NN1 for_IF three_MC shale_NN1 fluids_NN2 at_II various_JJ pore_NN1 sizes_NN2 (_( B_ZZ1 ,_, E_ZZ1 ,_, and_CC W_ZZ1 stand_VV0 for_IF Bakken_NP1 ,_, Eagle_NN1 Ford_NP1 ,_, and_CC Wolfcamp_NP1 ,_, respectively_RR )_) ._. 
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<s>
Furthermore_RR ,_, building_NN1 and_CC calibrating_VVG a_AT1 hydraulic_JJ model_NN1 alone_RR is_VBZ not_XX sufficient_JJ to_TO accurately_RR predict_VVI turbidity_NN1 ,_, even_RR in_II a_AT1 relatively_RR simple_JJ configuration_NN1 system_NN1 like_II the_AT trunk_NN1 main_JJ system_NN1 shown_VVN here_RL ._. 
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<s>
Low_JJ WCA_NN1 values_NN2 ,_, lower_JJR than_CSN 90°_NNU ,_, correspond_VV0 to_II high_JJ wettability_NN1 or_CC hydrophilicity_NN1 ,_, while_CS high_JJ values_NN2 ,_, higher_JJR than_CSN 90°_NNU ,_, correspond_VV0 to_II low_JJ wettability_NN1 or_CC hydrophobicity_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Fig._NN1 9_MC presents_VVZ the_AT effect_NN1 of_IO changing_VVG the_AT auxiliary_JJ line_NN1 diameter_NN1 on_II the_AT turbine_NN1 inlet_NN1 pressure_NN1 as_II31 well_II32 as_II33 the_AT auxiliary_JJ flow_NN1 rate_NN1 ._. 
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Several_DA2 reasons_NN2 for_IF structural_JJ granule_NN1 strength_NN1 reduction_NN1 can_VM be_VBI put_VVN forward_RL ._. 
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<s>
The_AT maximum_JJ determined_JJ acceptable_JJ risk_NN1 by_II WHO_NP1 is_VBZ 1_MC1 x_ZZ1 10-2_MCMC for_IF nickel_NN1 (_( Turdi_NP1 and_CC Yang_NP1 2016_MC )_) ,_, which_DDQ is_VBZ lower_JJR than_CSN the_AT values_NN2 reported_VVN in_II present_JJ study_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Anderson_NP1 et_RA21 al_RA22 ._. 
</s>
<s>
(_( 2012_MC )_) reviewed_VVD the_AT recent_JJ researches_NN2 concerning_II particulate_NN1 matter_NN1 air_NN1 pollution_NN1 on_II human_JJ health_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
However_RR ,_, a_AT1 rapid_JJ decrease_NN1 in_II the_AT isoproturon_NN1 concentration_NN1 of_IO substrates_NN2 was_VBDZ observed_VVN ,_, likely_RR resulting_VVG from_II the_AT pesticide_NN1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 remobilization_NN1 into_II the_AT water_NN1 (_( Passeport_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2011a_FO ;_; Vallee_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2014_MC )_) or_CC its_APPGE degradation_NN1 (_( Budd_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2011_MC ;_; Passeport_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2011b_FO ;_; Vallee_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2015_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
Many_DA2 thanks_NN2 also_RR to_II Jim_NP1 Morran_NP1 (_( Australian_JJ Water_NN1 Quality_NN1 Centre_NN1 )_) for_IF provision_NN1 of_IO MIEX?_NP1 resin_NN1 and_CC advice_NN1 on_II its_APPGE use_NN1 ,_, Ben_NP1 Matthews_NP1 and_CC Frederic_NP1 Leusch_NP1 (_( Smart_NP1 Water_NN1 Research_NN1 Centre_NN1 )_) for_IF support_NN1 with_IW development_NN1 of_IO the_AT iodide_NN1 method_NN1 ,_, and_CC general_JJ research_NN1 support_NN1 ,_, respectively_RR ._. 
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<s>
Summary_NN1 of_IO important_JJ assumptions_NN2 and_CC detailed_JJ computation_NN1 procedures_NN2 for_IF CAPEXpafo_NP1 and_CC OPEXpafo_NN1 is_VBZ given_VVN in_II Table_NN1 3_MC ._. 
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<s>
The_AT absorption_NN1 edge_NN1 of_IO g-C3N4-CdS_NN2 nanohybrids_NN2 can_VM be_VBI tailored_VVN by_II varying_VVG the_AT mass_JJ ratio_NN1 of_IO g-C3N4/CdS_FU ,_, yielding_VVG a_AT1 shift_NN1 in_II the_AT optical_JJ absorption_NN1 toward_II higher_JJR wavelengths_NN2 in_II the_AT visible-light_JJ region_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Fungal_JJ enzymes_NN2 are_VBR isolated_VVN and_CC subjected_VVN to_II modelling_VVG to_TO be_VBI used_VVN as_CSA biocatalysts_VVZ to_TO reduce_VVI the_AT industrial_JJ costs_NN2 of_IO soil_NN1 remediation_NN1 ,_, the_AT environmental_JJ impact_NN1 and_CC the_AT generation_NN1 of_IO toxic_JJ by-products_NN2 resulting_VVG from_II the_AT incomplete_JJ degradation_NN1 of_IO hydrocarbon_NN1 pollutants_NN2 ,_, in_II31 accordance_II32 with_II33 Alcalde_NP1 et_RA21 al_RA22 ._. 
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(_( 2006_MC )_) ._. 
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PPO_NP1 (_( 2.0_MC g_NNU ,_, 17_MC mmol_NN1 )_) was_VBDZ dissolved_VVN in_II chlorobenzene_NN1 (_( 50_MC ml_NNU )_) in_II a_AT1 two-necked_JJ flask_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
A_AT1 porous_JJ separator_NN1 (_( GE_NP1 Life_NN1 Sciences_NN2 ,_, Whatman_NP1 GF/A_FU borosilicate_NN1 glass_NN1 filter_NN1 paper_NN1 ,_, 260_MC pm_RA thickness_NN1 ,_, 2.4_MC x_ZZ1 2.4_MC cm2_FO )_) electronically_RR isolates_VVZ the_AT electrodes_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Distinctively_RR ,_, Carr_NP1 et_RA21 al_RA22 ._. 
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<s>
(_( 2016_MC )_) designed_VVD a_AT1 surface_NN1 filtering_NN1 assembly_NN1 for_IF skimming_VVG the_AT water_NN1 surface_NN1 at_II the_AT final_JJ fall_NN1 location_NN1 in_II WWTPs_NP1 (_( Fig._NN1 3B_FO )_) ._. 
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<s>
Moreover_RR ,_, TiO2_FO is_VBZ preferable_JJ to_II other_JJ catalysts_NN2 (_( e._ZZ1 g._NNU ,_, MnO2_FO &lsqb;_( 22_MC &rsqb;_) ,_, CuO_NP1 &lsqb;_( 23_MC &rsqb;_) )_) due_II21 to_II22 its_APPGE chemical_JJ stability_NN1 ,_, nontoxicity_NN1 ,_, and_CC comparatively_RR low_JJ production_NN1 cost_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Here_RL ,_, the_AT enhanced_JJ MGL_NP1 level_NN1 does_VDZ not_XX give_VVI much_DA1 protection_NN1 to_II the_AT soybean_JJ seedlings_NN2 to_TO overcome_VVI the_AT ZnO-NPs_NN2 and_CC Ag-NPs_NN2 stress_VV0 ,_, as_CSA evident_JJ from_II their_APPGE reduced_JJ root_NN1 growth_NN1 and_CC loss_NN1 of_IO cell_NN1 viability_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Fig._NN1 1_MC1 presents_VVZ a_AT1 flow_NN1 diagram_NN1 of_IO the_AT production_NN1 process_NN1 of_IO second-generation_JJ bioethanol_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
We_PPIS2 used_VVD SuperDecisions_NN2 software_NN1 to_TO build_VVI the_AT network_NN1 structure_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
However_RR ,_, this_DD1 membrane_NN1 can_VM not_XX guarantee_VVI the_AT retention_NN1 of_IO all_DB components_NN2 of_IO algal_JJ bodies_NN2 ,_, such_II21 as_II22 small_JJ pieces_NN2 of_IO cell_NN1 debris_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT characteristic_JJ red_JJ colonies_NN2 were_VBDR counted_VVN after_II incubation_NN1 at_II 36_MC °C_NNU for_IF 24_MC h_ZZ1 ._. 
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<s>
Finally_RR ,_, Salmonella_NP1 spp._NNU was_VBDZ cultivated_VVN using_VVG the_AT Xylose_NP1 Lysine_NP1 Deoxycholate_NP1 Agar_NP1 (_( Merck_NP1 ,_, Germany_NP1 )_) and_CC counted_VVN after_II incubation_NN1 at36°C_FO for_IF 24_MC h_ZZ1 ._. 
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<s>
Although_CS some_DD assessments_NN2 are_VBR possible_JJ solely_RR through_II analysis_NN1 of_IO time-transformation_JJ profiles_NN2 ,_, unification_NN1 of_IO the_AT various_JJ data_NN sets_VVZ into_II the_AT kinetic_JJ model_NN1 is_VBZ required_VVN for_IF more_RGR meaningful_JJ interpretations_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Therefore_RR it_PPH1 appears_VVZ that_DD1 introduction_NN1 of30-40_MC at._NNU %_NNU Au_FO to_II palladium_NN1 results_NN2 in_II optimal_JJ catalytic_JJ performance_NN1 in_II HdCl_NP1 of_IO CQ4_FO ._. 
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<s>
Interestingly_RR ,_, in_II some_DD cases_NN2 mlrA_NN1 gene_NN1 copy_NN1 number_NN1 continued_VVD to_TO increase_VVI until_II day_NNT1 8_MC even_CS21 though_CS22 MCs_NN2 had_VHD been_VBN exhausted_VVN by_II day_NNT1 3_MC ,_, implying_VVG that_CST MC-degraders_NP1 may_VM utilize_VVI degradation_NN1 intermediate_JJ products_NN2 (_( e._ZZ1 g._NNU ,_, linearized_VVD MCs_NN2 and_CC tetrapeptide_NN1 )_) for_IF further_JJR proliferation_NN1 (_( Fig._NN1 6_MC )_) ._. 
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The_AT critical_JJ operating_NN1 parameters_NN2 influencing_VVG the_AT antibiotics_NN2 removal_NN1 are_VBR highlighted_VVN ._. 
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<s>
The_AT Combined_JJ D_ZZ1 scenario_NN1 is_VBZ much_DA1 more_DAR variable_NN1 among_II seasons_NNT2 and_CC watersheds_NN2 ,_, but_CCB most_DAT of_IO the_AT decreases_NN2 in_II streamflow_NN1 occur_VV0 in_II the_AT spring_NN1 ,_, summer_NNT1 and_CC winter_NNT1 months_NNT2 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT two_MC prominent_JJ peaks_NN2 at_II 1355_MC cm-1_MC1 and_CC 1595_MC cm-1_MC1 are_VBR observed_VVN in_II the_AT Raman_NN1 spectrum_NN1 of_IO GO_VV0 ,_, corresponding_VVG to_II the_AT well-documented_JJ D_ZZ1 and_CC G_ZZ1 bands_VVZ ,_, respectively_RR ._. 
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<s>
All_DB experiments_NN2 were_VBDR executed_VVN in_II compliance_NN1 with_IW the_AT regulations_NN2 of_IO laboratory_NN1 animal_NN1 management_NN1 enacted_VVN by_II the_AT Ministry_NN1 of_IO Science_NN1 and_CC Technology_NN1 of_IO the_AT People_NN '_NULL s_ZZ1 Republic_NN1 of_IO China_NP1 &lsqb;_( 1988_MC &rsqb;_) No._NN1 134_MC ,_, which_DDQ conformed_VVD to_II the_AT internationally_RR recognized_VVD NIH_NP1 guidelines_NN2 for_IF the_AT care_NN1 and_CC use_NN1 of_IO laboratory_NN1 animals_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Interannual_JJ variations_NN2 in_II pH_NN1 were_VBDR further_RRR investigated_VVN using_VVG a_AT1 Generalized_JJ Additive_JJ Model_NN1 (_( GAM_NP1 )_) containing_VVG a_AT1 parametric_JJ component_NN1 (_( linear_JJ trend_NN1 with_IW slope_NN1 P_ZZ1 )_) and_CC a_AT1 nonparametric_JJ component_NN1 (_( spline_VV0 S()_ZZ1 )_) to_TO describe_VVI deviations_NN2 from_II the_AT ocean_NN1 acidification_NN1 (_( OA_NP1 )_) by_II subtraction_NN1 of_IO 0.0018_MC yr-1_MC1 ._. 
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<s>
It_PPH1 was_VBDZ founded_VVN in_II 1998_MC by_II the_AT water_NN1 department_NN1 of_IO the_AT Canary_NP1 Government_NN1 and_CC carried_VVD out_RP applied_JJ research_NN1 in_II various_JJ different_JJ areas_NN2 ,_, such_II21 as_II22 the_AT optimisation_NN1 of_IO control_NN1 of_IO reverse_JJ osmosis_NN1 plants_NN2 ,_, as_II31 well_II32 as_II33 desalination_NN1 water_NN1 re-mineralisation_NN1 equipment_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Before_II running_VVG the_AT model_NN1 ,_, we_PPIS2 normalize_VV0 the_AT SLPa_NP1 indices_NN2 by_II their_APPGE standard_JJ deviations_NN2 and_CC set_VV0 the_AT scaling_NN1 factor_NN1 a_ZZ1 =_FO 1_MC1 ._. 
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<s>
It_PPH1 is_VBZ worth_II quoting_VVG that_CST the_AT unfavorable_JJ heat_NN1 transfer_NN1 via_II heat_NN1 conduction_NN1 through_II the_AT membrane_NN1 (_( matrix_NN1 and_CC pores_NN2 )_) is_VBZ one_PN1 the_AT most_RGT challenging_JJ issues_NN2 in_II membrane/process_NN1 design_NN1 for_IF MD_NN1 applications_NN2 especially_RR in_II DCMD_NP1 mode_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Following_VVG the_AT configuration_NN1 of_IO air-cathode_JJ MFC_NP1 ,_, at_II the_AT beginning_NN1 period_NN1 of_IO this_DD1 study_NN1 ,_, cathode_NN1 was_VBDZ flat_JJ and_CC situated_VVN in_II the_AT interface_NN1 of_IO water_NN1 level_NN1 and_CC the_AT air_NN1 in_II raw_JJ system_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Alongside_II this_DD1 debate_NN1 ,_, the_AT recent_JJ unprecedented_JJ occurrence_NN1 of_IO ARB_NP1 ESCSs_NP1 in_II 2014_MC and_CC 2015_MC calls_NN2 for_IF an_AT1 additional_JJ focus_NN1 on_II the_AT post-monsoon_JJ season_NNT1 ._. 
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Bacteria_NN2 have_VH0 shown_VVN to_TO have_VHI a_AT1 major_JJ role_NN1 in_II amylolysis_NN1 during_II composting_NN1 (_( Pascon_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2011_MC )_) and_CC so_RR was_VBDZ observed_VVN in_II the_AT present_JJ study_NN1 (_( Fig._NN1 3a_FO )_) ._. 
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<s>
On_II the_AT other_JJ hand_NN1 ,_, if_CS the_AT solvent_NN1 volatility_NN1 is_VBZ too_RG high_JJ ,_, fibers_NN2 will_VM not_XX be_VBI formed_VVN as_II the_AT polymer_NN1 jet_NN1 will_VM solidify_VVI upon_II exiting_VVG the_AT needle_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
This_DD1 trend_NN1 is_VBZ likely_RR caused_VVN by_II the_AT decrease_NN1 in_II the_AT plant_NN1 and_CC animal_NN1 debris_NN1 as_II31 well_II32 as_II33 the_AT decrease_NN1 in_II the_AT microbiological_JJ decomposition_NN1 activity_NN1 with_IW increasing_JJ soil_NN1 depth_NN1 (_( Liu_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2013a_FO ,_, b_ZZ1 ;_; PingguoYang_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2016_MC ;_; Wang_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2017a_FO ,_, b_ZZ1 ,_, c_ZZ1 ;_; Xu_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2017_MC ;_; Meena_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2018_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
It_PPH1 was_VBDZ clear_JJ from_II the_AT results_NN2 that_CST humans_NN2 have_VH0 a_AT1 positive_JJ influence_NN1 on_II forest_NN1 reversion_NN1 and_CC recovery_NN1 through_II the_AT establishment_NN1 and_CC management_NN1 of_IO protected_JJ areas_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Besides_RR ,_, it_PPH1 is_VBZ more_RGR likely_JJ for_IF the_AT MD_NN1 process_NN1 to_TO utilize_VVI the_AT renewable_JJ energy_NN1 sources_NN2 as_II a_AT1 thermally-driven_JJ membrane_NN1 process_NN1 ._. 
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The_AT stabilization_NN1 phase_NN1 was_VBDZ very_RG short_JJ (_( 30days_FO )_) due_II21 to_II22 continuous_JJ buffering_NN1 of_IO systems_NN2 with_IW alkali_NN1 additions_NN2 ._. 
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At_II day_NNT1 3_MC ,_, they_PPHS2 increased_VVD greatly_RR in_II each_DD1 group_NN1 ,_, especially_RR in_II cycle_NN1 1_MC1 ,_, cycle_NN1 2_MC and_CC cycle_NN1 3_MC ,_, with_IW high_JJ values_NN2 of_IO over_RG 27%_NNU ._. 
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Then_RT ;_; the_AT Mag-EPC_NP1 was_VBDZ washed_VVN three_MC times_NNT2 with_IW autoclaved_JJ 40_MC mM_NNU Tris_NP2 buffer_NN1 (_( pH_NN1 7A_FO )_) ,_, and_CC added_VVD to_II the_AT culture_NN1 of_IO D._NP1 tertiolecta_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
One_MC1 of_IO the_AT main_JJ potential_JJ advantages_NN2 of_IO employing_VVG the_AT biofilm_NN1 is_VBZ the_AT ease_NN1 of_IO re-usability_NN1 ,_, which_DDQ was_VBDZ demonstrated_VVN in_II these_DD2 experiments_NN2 ,_, showing_VVG that_CST complete_VV0 (_( >95%_FO )_) removal_NN1 of_IO dye_NN1 and_CC metal_NN1 was_VBDZ possible_JJ for_IF at_RR21 least_RR22 19_MC repeated_JJ additions_NN2 (_( Table_NN1 2_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
The_AT use_NN1 of_IO external_JJ fossil_NN1 energy_NN1 is_VBZ mainly_RR governed_VVN by_II the_AT electricity_NN1 demand_NN1 in_II the_AT cultivation_NN1 stage_NN1 for_IF mixing_NN1 ,_, pumping_VVG and_CC injecting_VVG gas_NN1 and_CC can_VM vary_VVI widely_RR with_IW considerable_JJ effects_NN2 on_II both_DB2 NER_FU and_CC GHG_NP1 emissions_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
However_RR ,_, it_PPH1 would_VM not_XX be_VBI protective_JJ for_IF 16%_NNU of_IO the_AT theoretical_JJ PNECr(t)_NN1 s_ZZ1 ,_, described_VVN by_II Bengtsson-Palme_NP1 and_CC Larsson_NP1 (_( 2016_MC )_) (_( Fig._NN1 6B_FO )_) highlighting_VVG that_DD1 safe_JJ discharge_NN1 limits_NN2 may_VM need_VVI to_TO be_VBI lower_JJR than_CSN this_DD1 for_IF some_DD antibiotics_NN2 in_BCL21 order_BCL22 to_TO consider_VVI the_AT potential_JJ to_TO select_VVI for_IF resistance_NN1 in_II clinical_JJ and_CC environmental_JJ isolates_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Such_DA relationships_NN2 could_VM however_RR also_RR be_VBI interpreted_VVN as_CSA increased_JJ solvophobic_JJ interactions_NN2 (_( see_VV0 section_NN1 above_RL on_II nonspecific_JJ London_NP1 van_NP1 der_NP1 Waals_NP1 and_CC solvophobic_JJ effect_NN1 )_) and_CC thus_RR bring_VV0 limited_JJ line_NN1 of_IO evidence_NN1 to_TO support_VVI the_AT occurrence_NN1 of_IO EDA_NN1 interactions_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Top-down_JJ measured_JJ ,_, mean_VV0 total_JJ methane_NN1 emission_NN1 rates_NN2 were_VBDR 24.5_MC ±_FO 5.9_MC tCH4/h_FU in_II the_AT Lloydminster_NN1 region_NN1 and_CC 3.05_MC ±_FO 1.1_MC tCH4/h_FU in_II the_AT Red_JJ Deer_NN region_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Noteworthy_JJ ,_, the_AT Nyquist_NP1 plots_NN2 of_IO HPC-800_MC and_CC HPC-900_MC share_VV0 a_AT1 similar_JJ shape_NN1 and_CC their_APPGE quasi-semicircle_NN1 diameters_NN2 are_VBR much_RR shorter_JJR than_CSN that_DD1 of_IO HPC-500_MC and_CC HPC-600_MC ._. 
</s>
<s>
Moreover_RR ,_, DNA_NN1 repair_NN1 mechanisms_NN2 are_VBR also_RR essential_JJ when_CS damage_NN1 occurs_VVZ in_II genes_NN2 encoding_VVG proteins_NN2 involved_JJ in_II TL_NP1 dynamic_JJ (_( e._ZZ1 g._NNU ,_, TERT_NP1 ,_, POT1_FO ,_, MRN_NP1 )_) ._. 
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<s>
This_DD1 calibration_NN1 may_VM also_RR be_VBI responsible_JJ for_IF the_AT difference_NN1 between_II the_AT results_NN2 of_IO the_AT two_MC different_JJ absorbing_JJ salts_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
With_IW particle_NN1 density_NN1 assumed_VVD to_TO be_VBI 2.65_MC g_ZZ1 cm-3_MC (_( with_IW minerals_NN2 like_II silica_NN1 abundant_JJ in_II soil_NN1 dust_NN1 ,_, Tegen_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2002_MC )_) ,_, the_AT particle_NN1 number_NN1 concentration_NN1 was_VBDZ converted_VVN to_II a_AT1 PM10_FO mass_JJ concentration_NN1 by_II summing_VVG all_DB particles_NN2 in_II the_AT size_NN1 bins_VVZ less_DAR than_CSN 10_MC mm_NNU ._. 
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<s>
This_DD1 review_NN1 therefore_RR focuses_VVZ on_II existing_JJ and_CC proposed_JJ technological_JJ approaches_NN2 to_II gas_NN1 desorption_NN1 in_II engineered_JJ anaerobic_JJ wastewater_NN1 processes_NN2 ,_, with_IW specific_JJ emphasis_NN1 on_II technology_NN1 compatibility_NN1 and_CC downstream_JJ gas_NN1 phase_NN1 management_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
This_DD1 is_VBZ important_JJ for_IF Cr_NP1 oxidation_NN1 processes_NN2 ,_, as_CSA will_VM be_VBI discussed_VVN later_RRR (_( see_VV0 Section_NN1 3.2.3_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
The_AT dual_JJ roles_NN2 of_IO light_JJ to_TO promote_VVI Fe(II/III)/sulfite_JJ systems_NN2 are_VBR photosensitivity_NN1 of_IO sulfite_NN1 itself_PPX1 &lsqb;_( 24_MC &rsqb;_) and_CC the_AT Fe(III)-sulfite_NN1 complex_NN1 under_II light_JJ irradiation_NN1 of_IO proper_JJ wavelengths_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT first_MD step_NN1 specifies_VVZ the_AT structure_NN1 of_IO the_AT prior_JJ belief_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT use_NN1 of_IO real_JJ waters_NN2 often_RR has_VHZ a_AT1 significant_JJ impact_NN1 on_II the_AT performance_NN1 of_IO membrane_NN1 processes_NN2 and_CC to_TO realistically_RR judge_VVI the_AT actual_JJ performance_NN1 real_JJ waters_NN2 must_VM be_VBI tested_VVN ._. 
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<s>
They_PPHS2 also_RR include_VV0 fixed-SST_JJ atmospheric_JJ general_JJ circulation_NN1 model_NN1 experiments_NN2 forced_VVN with_IW 4xCO_FO ?_? 
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<s>
Controlling_VVG fleet_NN1 characteristics_NN2 and_CC emissions_NN2 could_VM not_XX only_RR curb_VVI the_AT emission_NN1 hazards_NN2 but_CCB also_RR improve_VV0 the_AT nation_NN1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 fuel_NN1 economy_NN1 and_CC trade_NN1 deficit_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Before_II venturing_VVG for_IF any_DD of_IO the_AT remediation_NN1 technologies_NN2 ,_, it_PPH1 becomes_VVZ imperative_JJ to_TO understand_VVI the_AT safety_NN1 aspects_NN2 associated_VVN with_IW them_PPHO2 ._. 
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<s>
It_PPH1 was_VBDZ speculated_VVN that_CST high_JJ NO3-_JJ concentrations_NN2 may_VM shift_VVI the_AT TCE_NN1 reduction_NN1 reaction_NN1 from_II one_MC1 of_IO cathodic_JJ control_NN1 (_( i._MC e._ZZ1 ,_, the_AT reduction_NN1 of_IO TCE_NP1 )_) to_II anodic_JJ control_NN1 (_( i._MC e._ZZ1 ,_, the_AT release_NN1 of_IO Fe2+_FO and_CC electrons_NN2 )_) resulting_VVG in_II significant_JJ surface_NN1 passivation_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
These_DD2 assessments_NN2 are_VBR generally_RR based_VVN on_II quantification_NN1 ofPM_NN1 as_II the_AT total_JJ mass_JJ concentration_NN1 of_IO all_DB particles_NN2 with_IW aerodynamic_JJ diameter_NN1 <_FO 2.5_MC pm_RA (_( PM25_FO )_) or_CC <_FO 10_MC pm_RA (_( PM10_FO )_) ;_; but_CCB PM_NP1 is_VBZ comprised_VVN of_IO a_AT1 variety_NN1 of_IO chemical_JJ components_NN2 and_CC particle_NN1 sizes_NN2 (_( Heal_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2012_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
The_AT 5_MC d_ZZ1 (_( dxy_NN1 ,_, dxz_NNU ,_, dyz_VV0 ,_, d2_FO and_CC di_FW ?_? y_ZZ1 )_) orbitals_NN2 occupy_VV0 different_JJ spatial_JJ orientations_NN2 and_CC presents_VVZ two_MC different_JJ shapes_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Significant_JJ differences_NN2 between_II individuals_NN2 exposed_VVD to_TO reference_VVI site_NN1 and_CC individuals_NN2 exposed_VVN to_II sites_NN2 affected_VVN by_II wastewater_JJR discharges_NN2 ,_, and_CC between_II the_AT same_DA responses_NN2 in_II different_JJ seasons_NNT2 ,_, were_VBDR determined_VVN using_VVG one-way_JJ ANOVA_NN1 followed_VVN by_II multiple_JJ comparison_NN1 ofDunnett_NN1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 t_ZZ1 test_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
After_CS a_AT1 few_DA2 years_NNT2 ,_, the_AT former_DA anabranch_NN1 is_VBZ overgrown_VVN by_II reeds_NN2 and_CC disappears_VVZ completely_RR (_( Fig._NN1 9C_FO )_) ._. 
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<s>
Almeida_NP1 et_RA21 al_RA22 ._. 
</s>
<s>
(_( 2014_MC )_) also_RR observed_VVN indicators_NN2 of_IO oxidative_JJ stress_NN1 and_CC antioxidant_JJ enzymes_NN2 as_CSA SOD_NP1 and_CC CAT_NN1 in_II clams_NN2 exposed_VVD to_TO carbamazepine_VVI ._. 
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<s>
MeBr_VV0 and_CC MeI_NP1 are_VBR alkylating_VVG agents_NN2 (_( like_II EtO_NP1 )_) ,_, which_DDQ kill_VV0 spores_NN2 via_II DNA_NN1 damage_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Informing_VVG practitioners_NN2 ,_, urban_JJ planners_NN2 and_CC policymakers_NN2 about_II the_AT role_NN1 of_IO green_JJ infrastructure_NN1 interventions_NN2 on_II air_NN1 pollution_NN1 mitigation_NN1 and_CC human_JJ health_NN1 is_VBZ key_JJ for_IF the_AT dissemination_NN1 ,_, implementation_NN1 and_CC uptake_NN1 of_IO scientific_JJ research_NN1 into_II practice_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT outputs_NN2 were_VBDR transferred_VVN by_II the_AT meteorology_NN1 chemistry_NN1 interface_NN1 professor_NN1 (_( MCIP_NP1 )_) version_NN1 4.2_MC into_II the_AT chemistry_NN1 transport_NN1 module_NN1 in_II CMAQ_NP1 ._. 
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<s>
On_II the_AT basis_NN1 of_IO our_APPGE analysis_NN1 of_IO the_AT IPCC_NP1 AR5_FO Scenario_NN1 Database_NN1 (_( see_VV0 Supplementary_JJ Section_NN1 3_MC )_) ,_, we_PPIS2 choose_VV0 an_AT1 illustrative_JJ 2025_MC waypoint_NN1 of_IO 10%_NNU above_II 1990_MC emissions_NN2 (_( 15%_NNU below_RG 2010_MC )_) for_IF world_NN1 emissions_NN2 to_TO be_VBI in_II31 line_II32 with_II33 the_AT IPCC_NP1 carbon_NN1 budget_NN1 for_IF 2_MC °C_NNU (_( Fig._NN1 1_MC1 )_) ._. 
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<s>
The_AT SOLUTIONS_NN2 project_NN1 has_VHZ a_AT1 particular_JJ focus_NN1 on_II providing_VVG exposure_NN1 information_NN1 on_II emerging_JJ pollutants_NN2 in_II European_JJ river_NN1 basins_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Yin_NP1 et_RA21 al_RA22 ._. 
</s>
<s>
suggested_VVN that_CST the_AT catalytic_JJ reaction_NN1 took_VVD place_NN1 through_II the_AT following_JJ steps_NN2 (_( Fig._NN1 3_MC )_) :_: And_CC through_II calculations_NN2 ,_, the_AT results_NN2 revealed_VVD that_CST the_AT NH3_FO was_VBDZ adsorbed_VVN preferentially_RR on_II the_AT Br0nsted_FO acid_NN1 ,_, and_CC NO_AT hardly_RR combined_VVN with_IW the_AT surface_NN1 lattice_NN1 oxygens_NN2 to_TO form_VVI NO2_FO ,_, but_CCB rather_RG gaseous_JJ NO_AT interacted_VVN with_IW the_AT pre-adsorbed_JJ NH4+_FO species_NN to_TO release_VVI N2_FO and_CC H2O_FO ._. 
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<s>
None_PN of_IO the_AT aspects_NN2 considered_VVN for_IF impact_NN1 assessment_NN1 are_VBR evaluated_VVN as_CSA high_JJ significance_NN1 for_IF developing_JJ countries_NN2 ,_, mainly_RR because_CS there_EX are_VBR general_JJ challenges_NN2 for_IF LCA-wastewater_JJ treatment_NN1 studies_NN2 However_RR ,_, the_AT calculation_NN1 of_IO specific_JJ regional_JJ characterization_NN1 factors_NN2 for_IF eutrophication_NN1 and_CC normalization_NN1 and_CC weighting_VVG values_NN2 is_VBZ much_DA1 less_DAR developed_VVN in_II poorer_JJR countries_NN2 (_( see_VV0 sections_NN2 4.3.1.1_MC and_CC 4.3.1.2_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
As_II a_AT1 result_NN1 ,_, at_II the_AT highest_JJT investigated_VVD TLL_NP1 the_AT highest_JJT recovery_NN1 of_IO phenols_NN2 and_CC sugars_NN2 in_II the_AT phase_NN1 towards_II which_DDQ individual_JJ group_NN1 of_IO the_AT target_NN1 compounds_NN2 shows_VVZ higher_JJR affinity_NN1 was_VBDZ achieved_VVN as_RR21 well_RR22 the_AT highest_JJT separation_NN1 between_II them_PPHO2 expressed_VVN through_II the_AT highest_JJT selectivity_NN1 (_( Table_NN1 1_MC1 )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Diffusion_NN1 coefficient_NN1 plays_VVZ an_AT1 important_JJ role_NN1 in_II affecting_VVG the_AT transport_NN1 rate_NN1 of_IO surfactants_NN2 particularly_RR when_CS the_AT diffusive_JJ contribution_NN1 is_VBZ significant_JJ compared_VVN with_IW the_AT convective_JJ contribution_NN1 to_II the_AT overall_JJ surfactant_JJ transport_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Though_CS small_JJ in_II soil_NN1 organic_JJ pool_NN1 ,_, the_AT microbial_JJ biomass_NN1 may_VM contribute_VVI >_FO 50%_NNU of_IO the_AT extractable_JJ soil_NN1 organic_JJ matter_NN1 fractions_NN2 (_( Simpson_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2007_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
Glacial_JJ lake_NN1 outbursts_NN2 due_II21 to_II22 retreating_JJ glaciers_NN2 in_II Nepal121_FO and_CC landslides122_FO swept_VVN away_RL entire_JJ areas_NN2 ,_, including_II villages123_FO ._. 
</s>
<s>
Examination_NN1 of_IO local_JJ species_NN invasion_NN1 revealed_VVD that_DD1 biodiversity_NN1 could_VM increase_VVI substantially_RR outside_RL permanently_RR stratified_JJ areas_NN2 ,_, especially_RR in_II polar_JJ biomes_NN2 ;_; we_PPIS2 saw_VVD up_RG21 to_RG22 310%_NNU of_IO increase_NN1 in_II pseudo-species_JJ richness_NN1 for_IF a_AT1 2_MC °C_NNU increase_NN1 in_II annual_JJ SST_NP1 (_( Fig._NN1 2c_FO )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Therefore_RR ,_, control_VV0 problems_NN2 are_VBR common_JJ with_IW emerging_JJ systems_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
However_RR ,_, the_AT reduction_NN1 reaction_NN1 takes_VVZ place_NN1 on_II the_AT surface_NN1 and_CC quickly_RR consumes_VVZ all_DB surface_NN1 Fe(II)_JJ available_JJ ,_, which_DDQ oxidizes_VVZ to_II Fe(III)_NP1 and_CC forms_VVZ a_AT1 coating_NN1 on_II the_AT magnetite_NN1 particles_NN2 of_IO a_AT1 mineral_NN1 composed_VVN of_IO purely_RR Fe(III)_JJ ,_, usually_RR maghemite_NN1 (_( 7-Fe2O3_NN1 )_) ._. 
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<s>
The_AT total_JJ phenolic_JJ content_NN1 of_IO plant_NN1 leaves_VVZ among_II all_DB metabolites_NN2 has_VHZ been_VBN shown_VVN to_TO experience_VVI the_AT greatest_JJT increase_NN1 due_II21 to_II22 elevated_JJ ozone_NN1 levels_NN2 (_( Saviranta_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2010_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Based_VVN on_II the_AT input_NN1 simulation_NN1 variable_NN1 data_NN set_NN1 of_IO &lsqb;_( 2790_MC m3/h_FU (_( 2,790,000_MC kg/h_FU )_) ,_, 1.0129_MC ,_, 18_MC ,_, 3.26_MC kW/m2-K_FU ,_, 3.443_MC kW/m2-K_FU ,_, 2.864_MC kW/m2_FU -K_NP1 ,_, 7.62_MC m_NNU &rsqb;_) for_IF &lsqb;_( Wm_NP1 ,_, Rh_FO ,_, Nr_II ,_, Ub_NP1 ,_, Ur_FO ,_, Uj_NP1 ,_, Lt_NNB &rsqb;_) ,_, the_AT obtained_VVN results_NN2 of_IO dependent_JJ variables_NN2 are_VBR &lsqb;_( 101.7_MC °C_NNU ,_, 32.41_MC °C_NNU ,_, 70,178_MC ppm_NNU ,_, 135.5_MC m3/_VV0 h_ZZ1 (_( 135,446_MC kg/h_FU )_) ,_, 3662.8_MC m2_FO ,_, 2515.5_MC m2_FO ,_, 3355.4_MC m2_FO ,_, 9040_MC m3/h_FU (_( 9,040,000_MC kg/h_FU )_) &rsqb;_) for_IF variables_NN2 &lsqb;_( T2_FO ,_, Tbd_NP1 ,_, Cmbd_NP1 ,_, W_ZZ1 Ab_FO ,_, Ar_UH ,_, Aj_NP1 ,_, WMi_NP1 respectively_RR ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT Niranjan_NP1 Karak_NP1 group_NN1 reported_VVD other_JJ EHPs_NN2 as_II a_AT1 main_JJ component_NN1 in_II antimicrobial_JJ materials_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT second_MD one_PN1 is_VBZ to_TO define_VVI the_AT interest_NN1 and_CC priorities_NN2 of_IO the_AT decision_NN1 makers_NN2 or_CC the_AT particular_JJ solution_NN1 area_NN1 for_IF defining_VVG a_AT1 set_NN1 of_IO specific_JJ solutions_NN2 for_IF the_AT problem_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
While_CS a_AT1 5_MC year_NNT1 delay_NN1 leads_VVZ to_II a_AT1 --_NN1 12.5_MC and_CC --_NN1 16.2%_FO change_VV0 in_II NP_NP1 impacts_NN2 in_II Maine_NP1 and_CC South_ND1 Pacific_NP1 ,_, respectively_RR ,_, it_PPH1 induces_VVZ a_AT1 --_NN1 5.4_MC and_CC --_NN1 1.1%_FO change_VV0 in_II Ahmedabad_NP1 and_CC Shanghai_NP1 ,_, respectively_RR (_( see_VV0 Table_NN1 2_MC and_CC Figure_NN1 3_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
It_PPH1 unveiled_VVD spontaneous_JJ and_CC strong_JJ adsorption_NN1 of_IO both_DB2 neutral_JJ and_CC protonated_JJ PI_NN1 on_II metals_NN2 '_NULL surfaces_NN2 in_II presence_NN1 of_IO iodide_NN1 ions_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT basin_NN1 is_VBZ covered_VVN with_IW glass_NN1 cover_NN1 of_IO 4_MC mm_NNU thickness_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Our_APPGE analysis_NN1 demonstrate_VV0 that_CST coastal_JJ pH_NN1 can_VM be_VBI managed_VVN by_II controlling_VVG inputs_NN2 of_IO nutrients_NN2 ,_, organic_JJ matter_NN1 ,_, and_CC alkalinity_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Reduction_NN1 of_IO this_DD1 noise_NN1 can_VM be_VBI applied_VVN per_II ion_NN1 species_NN image_NN1 using_VVG simple_JJ approaches_NN2 such_II21 as_II22 median_NN1 or_CC mean_JJ filtering_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Additionally_RR ,_, Zn_NP1 (_( 1.0_MC mM_NNU )_) ,_, Cu_FO (_( 0.5_MC mM_NNU )_) ,_, and_CC Cd_NN1 (_( 0.5_MC mM_NNU )_) treatments_NN2 also_RR elevated_VVD the_AT expression_NN1 of_IO NtAPX_NN1 genes_NN2 in_II transgenic_JJ Nicotiana_NN1 tabaccum_NN1 lines_NN2 compared_VVN to_II WT_NN1 plants_NN2 (_( Chaturvedi_NP1 et_RA21 al_RA22 ._. 
</s>
<s>
2014_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
No_AT aniline_NN1 was_VBDZ detected_VVN under_II aerobic_JJ conditions_NN2 (_( Fig._NN1 1(d)-(f)_ZZ1 )_) because_CS it_PPH1 is_VBZ readily_RR degraded_VVN ._. 
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<s>
At_RR21 last_RR22 ,_, the_AT inclusion_NN1 of_IO parameterization_NN1 of_IO relative_JJ humidity_NN1 still_RR can_VM not_XX fully_RR explain_VVI the_AT mismatch_NN1 between_II the_AT modeled_JJ and_CC observed_VVD HONO_NP1 in_II the_AT morning_NNT1 rush_NN1 hours_NNT2 in_II Houston_NP1 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT toxicity_NN1 of_IO DMSO_NN1 to_TO root_VVI elongation_NN1 may_VM be_VBI attributed_VVN to_II its_APPGE high_JJ cell_NN1 permeability_NN1 and_CC accumulation_NN1 in_II Chinese_JJ cabbage_NN1 seedlings_NN2 (_( Mittal_NP1 et_RA21 al_RA22 ._. 
</s>
<s>
2008_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Hyperbranched_JJ polymers_NN2 were_VBDR successfully_RR used_VVN as_CSA reductant_JJ and_CC stabilizer_NN1 for_IF the_AT synthesis_NN1 of_IO stable_JJ watersoluble_JJ fluorescent_JJ gold_NN1 nanoclusters_NN2 (_( AuNCs_NP2 )_) through_II a_AT1 one-step_JJ bottom-up_NN1 strategy_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
On_II the_AT other_JJ hand_NN1 ,_, its_APPGE hydroxylated_JJ metabolite_NN1 6-OH-BDE-47_MC up-regulated_NN1 the_AT expression_NN1 of_IO MR_NNB in_II zebrafish_NN1 larvae_NN2 at_II 8_MC nM_FU (_( Liu_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2015_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
As_II a_AT1 low_JJ dimensional_JJ material_NN1 possessing_VVG a_AT1 one-atom-thick_JJ planar_JJ structure_NN1 ,_, graphene_NN1 demonstrates_VVZ many_DA2 fascinating_JJ structural_JJ and_CC electrical_JJ properties_NN2 that_CST are_VBR ideal_JJ for_IF the_AT CDI_MC process_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
In_II our_APPGE case_NN1 ,_, DL*_FO and_CC Da*_FO had_VHD similar_JJ data_NN and_CC both_DB2 were_VBDR negative_JJ from_II the_AT very_RG first_MD test_NN1 week_NNT1 and_CC decreased_VVD progressively_RR ._. 
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<s>
The_AT MFC_NP1 reactor_NN1 was_VBDZ started_VVN up_RP according_II21 to_II22 the_AT procedures_NN2 as_CSA described_VVN in_II the_AT previously_RR reported_VVN studies_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Moreover_RR ,_, according_II21 to_II22 recent_JJ review_NN1 literature_NN1 ,_, amongst_II thermochemical_JJ conversion_NN1 processes_NN2 ,_, pyrolysis_NN1 has_VHZ been_VBN introduced_VVN as_II the_AT best_JJT thermochemical_JJ option_NN1 for_IF the_AT valorization_NN1 of_IO HMCBs_NP1 into_II biofuels_NN2 and_CC value-added_JJ chemicals_NN2 in_II31 terms_II32 of_II33 rapid_JJ conversion_NN1 rate_NN1 ,_, high_JJ yield_NN1 products_NN2 ,_, and_CC less_DAR transfer_NN1 of_IO HMs_NNB into_II products_NN2 by_II metal_NN1 stabilization_NN1 in_II the_AT biochar_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
These_DD2 simulation_NN1 results_NN2 indicate_VV0 high_JJ levels_NN2 of_IO economic_JJ vulnerability_NN1 for_IF the_AT three_MC study_NN1 provinces_NN2 (_( Tra_NP1 Vinh_NP1 ,_, Can_VM Tho_NP1 ,_, An_AT1 Giang_NN1 )_) ._. 
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<s>
It_PPH1 should_VM be_VBI recognized_VVN that_DD1 photolysis_NN1 sometimes_RT triggers_VVZ a_AT1 chain_NN1 of_IO reactions_NN2 involving_VVG free_JJ radicals_NN2 of_IO other_JJ kinds_NN2 ,_, which_DDQ can_VM cause_VVI the_AT rate_NN1 of_IO chemical_JJ transformation_NN1 as_II a_AT1 result_NN1 of_IO photolysis_NN1 to_TO be_VBI influenced_VVN by_II the_AT chemistry_NN1 of_IO the_AT surrounding_JJ water_NN1 (_( Hokanson_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2016_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
We_PPIS2 used_VVD only_RR 2678_MC of_IO the_AT full_JJ sample_NN1 of_IO 2719_MC examination_NN1 periods_NN2 as_II no_AT valid_JJ slope_NN1 of_IO rise_NN1 could_VM be_VBI extracted_VVN for_IF 41_MC periods_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
On_II the_AT contrary_NN1 ,_, Gabelich_NP1 et_RA21 al_RA22 ._. 
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<s>
reported_VVN on_II selective_JJ removal_NN1 of_IO ions_NN2 onto_II the_AT surface_NN1 of_IO electrodes_NN2 in_II a_AT1 multi-ionic_JJ system_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Such_DA low_JJ pressure_NN1 drops_NN2 enable_VV0 specification_NN1 of_IO fans_NN2 with_IW a_AT1 low_JJ pressure_NN1 ratio_NN1 ,_, rather_II21 than_II22 more_RGR costly_JJ blowers_NN2 (_( with_IW high_JJ pressure_NN1 ratio_NN1 )_) ,_, which_DDQ enables_VVZ economic_JJ desorption_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
In_II this_DD1 regard_NN1 ,_, spacerless_JJ RED_JJ stacks_NN2 using_VVG profiled_JJ membranes_NN2 can_VM achieve_VVI reduced_JJ fouling_NN1 ;_; Vermaas_NN2 et_RA21 al_RA22 ._. 
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<s>
observed_VVN a_AT1 40%_NNU decrease_NN1 in_II power_NN1 density_NN1 for_IF profiled_JJ membrane_NN1 compared_VVN to_II 60%_NNU decrease_NN1 for_IF conventional_JJ membranes_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Accordingly_RR ,_, the_AT concentration_NN1 of_IO organic_JJ matter_NN1 of_IO the_AT macrophytes_NN2 becomes_VVZ very_RG low_JJ as_II a_AT1 result_NN1 of_IO alkaline_JJ pretreatment_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
However_RR ,_, the_AT decline_NN1 in_II flux_NN1 and_CC the_AT increase_NN1 in_II electrical_JJ conductivity_NN1 were_VBDR alleviated_VVN with_IW addition_NN1 of_IO anti-scaling_JJ agents_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Progress_NN1 in_II many_DA2 different_JJ areas_NN2 ,_, from_II high-resolution_JJ mass_JJ spectrometry_NN1 to_II quantum_NN1 chemistry_NN1 modelling_NN1 ,_, could_VM each_DD1 bring_VVI their_APPGE own_DA valuable_JJ information_NN1 to_II the_AT field_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Significant_JJ development_NN1 has_VHZ taken_VVN place_NN1 in_II31 terms_II32 of_II33 the_AT fundamental_JJ understanding_NN1 of_IO the_AT transport_NN1 mechanism_NN1 in_II NF_NP1 membranes_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
We_PPIS2 have_VH0 previously_RR investigated_VVN the_AT photogeneration_NN1 of_IO ROS_NP1 by_II six_MC metal-oxide_JJ NPs_NP1 (_( TiO2_FO ,_, CeO2_FO ,_, ZnO_NP1 ,_, CuO_NP1 ,_, SiO2_FO ,_, and_CC Fe2O3_FO )_) and_CC their_APPGE toxicity_NN1 toward_II E._NP1 coli_NN2 (_( Li_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2012_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
In_II a_AT1 recent_JJ review_NN1 ,_, a_AT1 thermodynamic_JJ model_NN1 showed_VVD that_CST both_RR a_AT1 higher_JJR ethanol-to-acetate_JJ ratio_NN1 and_CC a_AT1 higher_JJR product_NN1 ratio_NN1 of_IO n-caproate_NN1 to_II n-butyrate_NN1 would_VM be_VBI energetically_RR advantageous_JJ for_IF C._NP1 kluyveri_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Global_JJ quarantine_NN1 and_CC preshipment_NN1 use_NN1 of_IO MeBr_NN1 in_II 2013_MC is_VBZ estimated_VVN to_TO be_VBI 10,000_MC t_ZZ1 ._. 
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<s>
To_TO mitigate_VVI impacts_NN2 to_II the_AT stratospheric_JJ ozone_NN1 layer_NN1 ,_, MeBr_NP1 can_VM be_VBI captured_VVN with_IW activated_JJ carbon_NN1 following_VVG its_APPGE use_NN1 as_II a_AT1 decontaminant_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Unfortunately_RR ,_, it_PPH1 stands_VVZ to_TO reason_VVI that_CST many_DA2 aspects_NN2 in_II the_AT context_NN1 of_IO environmental_JJ polymer_NN1 nanoparticles_NN2 can_VM not_XX be_VBI generalized_VVN ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT resulting_JJ CoO_NN1 accepts_VVZ the_AT electrons_NN2 excited_VVN by_II titanate_NN1 and_CC TiO2_FO under_II visible_JJ light_NN1 ,_, thus_RR inhibiting_VVG the_AT recombination_NN1 of_IO electronhole_NN1 pairs_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Finally_RR ,_, FCM_NP1 has_VHZ been_VBN used_VVN to_TO assess_VVI how_RRQ discharge_NN1 from_II water-treatment_JJ plants_NN2 impacts_NN2 environmental_JJ waters_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
And_CC the_AT TCE_NN1 removal_NN1 efficiency_NN1 reached_VVD a_AT1 maximum_NN1 with_IW biochar_NN1 pyrolysed_VVN at_II 600_MC °C_NNU ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT negative_JJ controls_NN2 were_VBDR also_RR designed_VVN and_CC all_DB tests_NN2 were_VBDR conducted_VVN in_II triplicate_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Gemfibrozil_VV0 and_CC clofibric_JJ acid_NN1 ,_, the_AT primary_JJ intermediate_JJ of_IO clofibrate_JJ lipid_JJ regulators_NN2 ,_, are_VBR the_AT main_JJ common_JJ blood_NN1 lipid_JJ regulators_NN2 and_CC respective_JJ metabolites_NN2 found_VVN in_II European_JJ wastewater_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Blanquez_VV0 and_CC Guieysse_NP1 (_( 2008_MC )_) explored_VVD the_AT potential_NN1 of_IO the_AT white-rot_JJ fungus_NN1 Trametes_NN2 versicolor_NN1 to_TO biodegrade_VVI E2_FO and_CC EE2_FO in_II a_AT1 fluidized_JJ bed_NN1 bioreactor_NN1 operated_VVN during_II 26_MC days_NNT2 at_II a_AT1 hydraulic_JJ retention_NN1 time_NNT1 of_IO 120_MC h_ZZ1 ._. 
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<s>
Factoring_VVG in_II land-use_NN1 change_NN1 ,_, less_DAR than_CSN 1%_NNU is_VBZ likely_JJ to_TO produce_VVI cellulosic_JJ ethanol_NN1 that_CST would_VM meet_VVI European_JJ standards_NN2 for_IF greenhouse_NN1 gas_NN1 reductions_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
To_II the_AT above_JJ ends_NN2 ,_, two-dimensional(2D)_JJ materials_NN2 ,_, typically_RR graphene_NN1 ,_, transition_NN1 metal_NN1 dichalcogenides_NN2 ,_, and_CC Mxenes_NP2 have_VH0 been_VBN recently_RR introduced_VVN into_II supercapacitor_NN1 electrode_NN1 systems_NN2 ,_, due_II21 to_II22 their_APPGE exceptional_JJ electrochemical_JJ properties_NN2 owing_II21 to_II22 their_APPGE superior_JJ electron_NN1 mobility_NN1 ,_, ultrahigh_VV0 specific_JJ surface_NN1 area_NN1 and_CC superior_JJ mechanical_JJ flexibility_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
For_IF immunostaining_VVG and_CC detection_NN1 of_IO different_JJ proteins_NN2 in_II the_AT midgut_NN1 tissue_NN1 of_IO control_NN1 and_CC Cr(VI)_NP1 exposed_VVD Drosophila_NP1 larvae_NN2 ,_, essentially_RR followed_VVN a_AT1 previously_RR published_VVN method_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Membrane_NN1 forming_VVG recipe_NN1 prepared_VVN by_II Kim_NP1 et_RA21 al_RA22 ._. 
</s>
<s>
additionally_RR contained_VVN an_AT1 acid_NN1 removing_VVG agent_NN1 such_II21 as_II22 sodium_NN1 hydroxide_NN1 or_CC trisodium_NN1 phosphate_NN1 (_( 0.01-5%_FO )_) ,_, and_CC nonionic_JJ surfactant_NN1 such_II21 as_II22 ether_NN1 (_( 0.01-1%_FO )_) ,_, while_CS formulation_NN1 used_VVN by_II Choi_NP1 and_CC Kim_NP1 contained_VVD Twin_NN1 80_MC as_II a_AT1 surfactant_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
In_II summary_NN1 ,_, the_AT addition_NN1 of_IO water_NN1 vapor_NN1 into_II ozone_NN1 lead_NN1 to_II easy_JJ formation_NN1 hydroxyl_NN1 radicals_NN2 ,_, which_DDQ can_VM diffuse_VVI into_II the_AT zeolite_NN1 porosity_NN1 and_CC oxidize_VVI the_AT template_NN1 molecules_NN2 effectively_RR ._. 
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<s>
In_II the_AT current_JJ study_NN1 ,_, the_AT degradation_NN1 of_IO TCEP_NP1 was_VBDZ explored_VVN using_VVG 254_MC nm_FU UV/TiO2_JJ ._. 
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<s>
The_AT output_NN1 of_IO these_DD2 programs_NN2 provides_VVZ average_JJ quantities_NN2 per_II SWM_NP1 module_NN1 in_II a_AT1 pressure_NN1 vessel_NN1 (_( i._MC e._ZZ1 pressure_NN1 drop_NN1 ,_, permeate_JJ flux_NN1 ,_, salt_NN1 rejection_NN1 ,_, solution_NN1 properties_NN2 )_) ,_, which_DDQ seem_VV0 to_TO be_VBI adequate_JJ for_IF basic_JJ engineering_NN1 tasks_NN2 and_CC for_IF overall_JJ system_NN1 analysis_NN1 in_II a_AT1 steady-state_JJ operating_NN1 mode_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Although_CS this_DD1 topic_NN1 was_VBDZ widely_RR explored_VVN and_CC its_APPGE interest_NN1 has_VHZ significantly_RR increased_VVN ,_, some_DD limitations_NN2 remain_VV0 ._. 
</s>
<s>
However_RR ,_, unlike_JJ HepG2_FO and_CC MDA-MB-231_NP1 cells_NN2 ,_, the_AT fluorescence_NN1 intensity_NN1 of_IO MRC-5_MC cells_NN2 decreased_VVN with_IW increasing_JJ exposure_NN1 time_NNT1 for_IF all_DB carbon_NN1 black_JJ waste_NN1 extract_NN1 concentrations_NN2 after_CS 4h_FO exposure_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT results_NN2 of_IO the_AT present_JJ study_NN1 show_VV0 that_CST the_AT missing_VVG OH_UH reactivity_NN1 comprised_VVN 58-81%_FO of_IO the_AT total_NN1 OH_UH reactivity_NN1 of_IO the_AT secondary_JJ products_NN2 formed_VVN via_II oxidation_NN1 of_IO the_AT three_MC aromatic_JJ hydrocarbons_NN2 at_II the_AT initial_JJ NOx_NN1 levels_NN2 of_IO 50-400_MCMC ppbv_NNU ._. 
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<s>
After_CS a_AT1 one_MC1 month_NNT1 period_NN1 ,_, this_DD1 value_NN1 dropped_VVN to_II 14.36_MC L/m2_FU h_ZZ1 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT contamination_NN1 levels_NN2 of_IO some_DD PAEs_NP2 in_II biota_NN2 including_II fishes_NN2 ,_, mammals_NN2 ,_, algae_NN2 and_CC others_NN2 species_NN are_VBR listed_VVN in_II Table_NN1 3S_MC2 in_II SI_FW ._. 
</s>
<s>
In_BCL21 order_BCL22 to_TO assure_VVI accuracy_NN1 of_IO data_NN ,_, standard_JJ reference_NN1 materials_NN2 (_( Merck_NP1 ,_, Germany_NP1 )_) were_VBDR included_VVN in_II every_AT1 batch_NN1 of_IO sample_NN1 and_CC analysis_NN1 as_II a_AT1 part_NN1 of_IO the_AT quality_NN1 control_NN1 protocol_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT molar_JJ concentration_NN1 at_II the_AT membrane_NN1 surface_NN1 (_( Cm_NNU )_) and_CC the_AT real_JJ rejection_NN1 (_( Rreal_NP1 )_) for_IF calcium_NN1 and_CC sulfate_NN1 ions_NN2 are_VBR shown_VVN in_II Fig._NN1 3_MC as_II a_AT1 function_NN1 of_IO the_AT RR_NP1 ._. 
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<s>
Additionally_RR ,_, it_PPH1 can_VM be_VBI observed_VVN that_DD1 pressure_NN1 drop_NN1 curves_NN2 on_II non-uniform_JJ residual_JJ dust_NN1 conditions_NN2 (_( Ru_NP1 --_NN1 1_MC1 )_) tend_VV0 to_TO get_VVI closer_RRR to_II the_AT linear_JJ curve_NN1 of_IO completely_RR uniform_JJ condition_NN1 (_( Ru_NP1 =_FO 1_MC1 )_) during_II filtration_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
To_TO investigate_VVI the_AT impact_NN1 of_IO solution_NN1 composition_NN1 on_II the_AT cleaning_NN1 process_NN1 ,_, NaCl_NN1 and_CC DI_NN1 water_NN1 were_VBDR used_VVN as_II the_AT cleaning_NN1 solutions_NN2 of_IO the_AT PRO_JJ membrane_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
It_PPH1 can_VM be_VBI observed_VVN that_CST the_AT isotherms_NN2 are_VBR of_IO a_AT1 typical_JJ IV-like_JJ isotherm_NN1 with_IW a_AT1 sharp_JJ capillary_JJ condensation_NN1 step_NN1 and_CC a_AT1 H2_FO type_NN1 hysteretic_JJ loop_NN1 ,_, indicating_VVG the_AT presence_NN1 of_IO mesoporous_JJ materials_NN2 according_II21 to_II22 the_AT IUPAC_NP1 classification_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT CEC_NN1 concentrations_NN2 and_CC distributions_NN2 also_RR showed_VVD significant_JJ seasonality_NN1 between_II spring_NN1 runoff_NN1 and_CC baseflow_NN1 seasons_NNT2 ._. 
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<s>
This_DD1 is_VBZ difficult_JJ ,_, however_RR ,_, particularly_RR when_CS it_PPH1 comes_VVZ to_II science_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Therefore_RR ,_, the_AT photocatalytic_JJ reaction_NN1 is_VBZ mainly_RR controlled_VVN by_II photocatalytic_JJ surface_NN1 reaction_NN1 ,_, i._MC e._ZZ1 ,_, under_II kinetic_JJ controll_NN1 under_II current_JJ operating_NN1 conditions_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
After_II hatching_VVG ,_, several_DA2 samples_NN2 were_VBDR prepared_VVN by_II adding_VVG 10x_FO nauplii_NN --_NN1 1.0_MC mL_NNU of_IO saline_JJ water_NN1 to_II a_AT1 total_JJ volume_NN1 of_IO 2.0_MC mL_NNU containing_VVG 0_MC (_( control_NN1 )_) ,_, 0.25_MC ,_, 0.50_MC ,_, 0.75_MC and_CC 1.00_MC mL_NNU of_IO the_AT effluent_NN1 that_CST corresponds_VVZ to_II 0-0.5_MCMC v/v_NNU of_IO effluent_NN1 in_II the_AT final_JJ solution_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT presumed_JJ predictor_NN1 time_NNT1 of_IO day_NNT1 was_VBDZ operationalized_VVN as_CSA categorical_JJ variable_NN1 with_IW 17_MC categories_NN2 corresponding_VVG to_II the_AT time_NNT1 periods_NN2 from_II 07:00_MC to_II 24:00_MC ._. 
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<s>
This_DD1 favors_VVZ the_AT formation_NN1 of_IO new_JJ aerosol_NN1 particles_NN2 and_CC intensities_NN2 the_AT cumulative_JJ growth_NN1 of_IO aerosol_NN1 concentration_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Previous_JJ experimental_JJ and_CC computational_JJ studies_NN2 on_II this_DD1 geometry_NN1 can_VM be_VBI found_VVN in_II the_AT work_NN1 of_IO Albano_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, De_NP1 Saegher_NP1 et_RA21 al_RA22 ._. 
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<s>
and_CC Schietekat_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, where_CS the_AT latter_DA also_RR included_VVN a_AT1 parametric_JJ study_NN1 on_II optimization_NN1 of_IO the_AT fin_NN1 shape_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
This_DD1 is_VBZ an_AT1 additive_JJ risk_NN1 model_NN1 with_IW each_DD1 chemical_NN1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 HQ_NN1 calculated_VVN relative_II21 to_II22 its_APPGE own_DA TDI_NP1 and_CC the_AT HQs_NN2 added_VVN across_II phthalates_NN2 whose_DDQGE TDI_NP1 is_VBZ based_VVN on_II the_AT same_DA effect_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Thus_RR ,_, essential_JJ amino_NN1 acid_NN1 residues_NN2 for_IF binding_VVG or_CC catalysis_NN1 will_VM be_VBI selected_VVN for_IF site-directed_JJ mutagenesis_NN1 ,_, and_CC mutants_NN2 obtained_VVN directly_RR often_RR behave_VV0 more_RGR dominantly_RR in_II stereoselectivity_NN1 and_CC vitality_NN1 than_CSN wild-type_JJ enzymes_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT coastal_JJ inundation_NN1 area_NN1 reaches_VVZ 16,374.44_MC ha_UH under_II an_AT1 extreme_JJ sea_NN1 level_NN1 event_NN1 when_CS considering_VVG a_AT1 200-year_JJ storm_NN1 tide_NN1 and_CC 1.2_MC m_NNO sea-level_JJ rise_NN1 (_( Fig_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
S3_FO )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Monoamine_VV0 oxidase_NN1 activity_NN1 (_( MAO_NP1 )_) was_VBDZ determined_VVN using_VVG the_AT serotonin_NN1 analogue_NN1 tryptamine_NN1 as_II the_AT substrate_NN1 (_( Gagne_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2007b_FO )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
For_IF sensitive_JJ species_NN globally_RR ,_, thermal_JJ stress_NN1 represented_VVN by_II four_MC degree_NN1 heating_NN1 weeks_NNT2 (_( DHWs_NP1 )_) is_VBZ a_AT1 conservative_JJ threshold_NN1 for_IF predicting_VVG the_AT presence_NN1 of_IO sublethal_JJ bleaching_NN1 ,_, because_CS the_AT global_JJ optimum_JJ predictor_NN1 of_IO bleaching_VVG is_VBZ slightly_RR higher_JJR at_II roughly_RR six_MC DHWs_NP1 (_( ref._NN1 52_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Therefore_RR ,_, from_II practical_JJ and_CC economical_JJ perspectives_NN2 ,_, adsorption_NN1 in_II column_NN1 mode_NN1 ,_, where_CS the_AT solid-to-total_JJ volume_NN1 of_IO water_NN1 is_VBZ much_RR higher_JJR in_II comparison_NN1 with_IW batch_NN1 mode_NN1 and_CC the_AT sorbent_NN1 can_VM be_VBI recovered_VVN ,_, regenerated_VVD ,_, and_CC reuse_VV0 d_ZZ1 ,_, can_VM indicate_VVI sorbent_JJ performance_NN1 in_II real-life_JJ applications_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Recent_JJ studies_NN2 show_VV0 that_CST these_DD2 compounds_NN2 form_VV0 through_II only_JJ O3-initiated_NN1 ,_, not_XX OH-initiated_JJ ,_, oxidation_NN1 of_IO a-pinene_NN1 and_CC thus_RR are_VBR likely_JJ to_TO originate_VVI from_II the_AT formation_NN1 of_IO Criegee_NN1 intermediates_NN2 (_( CI_FO )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
This_DD1 paper_NN1 describes_VVZ the_AT presence_NN1 of_IO residues_NN2 of_IO HCB_NP1 and_CC chlorinated_JJ cyclodiene_NN1 pesticides_NN2 in_II the_AT soils_NN2 of_IO the_AT Campanian_JJ Plain_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT application_NN1 of_IO OECD_NP1 308_MC to_TO evaluate_VVI anaerobic_JJ biodegradation_NN1 is_VBZ much_RR more_RGR limited_JJ and_CC was_VBDZ never_RR conducted_VVN for_IF surfactants_NN2 ,_, which_DDQ due_II21 to_II22 their_APPGE high_JJ production_NN1 volume_NN1 are_VBR predominant_JJ over_II other_JJ CECs_NN2 in_II sewage-impacted_JJ sediments_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
These_DD2 four_MC regression_NN1 lines_NN2 showed_VVD tendency_NN1 of_IO exponential_NN1 concentration_NN1 decay_NN1 in_II time_NNT1 ,_, indicating_VVG the_AT dependency_NN1 on_II at_RR21 least_RR22 one_MC1 other_JJ parameter_NN1 besides_II PCE_NP1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Both_RR happiness_NN1 and_CC life_NN1 satisfaction_NN1 ,_, and_CC well-being_NN1 are_VBR the_AT part_NN1 of_IO the_AT quality_NN1 of_IO life_NN1 (_( OECD_NP1 2013_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
The_AT PRODES_NN2 data_NN are_VBR produced_VVN as_II a_AT1 binary_JJ forest-non-forest_JJ classification_NN1 for_IF each_DD1 area_NN1 ,_, allowing_VVG us_PPIO2 to_TO mask_VVI out_RP pixels_NN2 that_CST are_VBR non-forest_JJ and_CC sum_VV0 the_AT biomass_NN1 in_II those_DD2 pixels_NN2 classified_VVN as_CSA forest_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
When_CS considering_VVG the_AT processes_NN2 for_IF artisanal_JJ gold_NN1 extraction_NN1 ,_, the_AT exposure_NN1 to_II liquid_JJ metallic_JJ Hg_FO through_II the_AT skin_NN1 is_VBZ definitely_RR lower_RRR compared_VVN to_II the_AT potential_JJ inhalation_NN1 of_IO Hg_FO vapor_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Forecasting_VVG air_NN1 pollution_NN1 dispersion_NN1 based_VVN on_II meteorological_JJ and_CC dispersion_NN1 models_NN2 is_VBZ a_AT1 critical_JJ issue_NN1 ,_, especially_RR in_II complex_JJ terrains_NN2 (_( Souto_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 1998_MC )_) as_CSA these_DD2 forecasts_NN2 are_VBR subjected_VVN to_II accurate_JJ representation_NN1 of_IO low-level_JJ flow_NN1 field_NN1 ,_, surface_NN1 temperature_NN1 ,_, relative_JJ humidity_NN1 ,_, wind_NN1 speed_NN1 and_CC wind_NN1 direction_NN1 and_CC their_APPGE vertical_JJ profiles_NN2 etc_RA ._. 
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<s>
The_AT results_NN2 of_IO a_AT1 ground_NN1 proximity_NN1 test_NN1 near_II Hilo_NP1 ,_, Hawaii_NP1 show_VV0 WRC_NP1 heartwood_NN1 moderately_RR decayed_VVN after_II three_MC years_NNT2 of_IO exposure_NN1 ,_, with_IW WRC_NP1 sapwood_NN1 performing_VVG only_RR slightly_RR worse_JJR (_( Cabrera_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2009_MC ;_; Cabrera_NP1 and_CC Morrell_NP1 ,_, 2012_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
It_PPH1 can_VM be_VBI seen_VVN from_II Fig._NN1 2_MC that_CST the_AT predictions_NN2 of_IO the_AT two_MC probability_NN1 distribution_NN1 functions_NN2 presented_VVN in_II Eqs_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT toxicology_NN1 literature_NN1 search_NN1 and_CC evaluation_NN1 for_IF these_DD2 7_MC HD_NP1 contaminants_NN2 yielded_VVD summary_NN1 tables_NN2 for_IF each_DD1 contaminant_NN1 as_CSA exemplified_VVN in_II Table_NN1 2_MC for_IF the_AT plasticizer_NN1 DEHP_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Finally_RR ,_, based_VVN on_II toxicity_NN1 data_NN of_IO TBBPA_NN1 on_II Chinese_JJ freshwater_JJ aquatic_JJ species_NN ,_, S._NP1 W._NP1 Yang_NP1 et_RA21 al_RA22 ._. 
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<s>
(_( 2012_MC )_) settled_VVD a_AT1 criterion_NN1 maximum_NN1 concentration_NN1 of_IO 0.27_MC pM_RA and_CC a_AT1 criterion_NN1 continuous_JJ concentration_NN1 of_IO 0.0232_MC pM_RA ._. 
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<s>
The_AT Applicability_NN1 Domain_NN1 (_( AD_RA )_) of_IO the_AT PBT_NP1 Index_NN1 model_NN1 was_VBDZ carefully_RR verified_VVN in_BCL21 order_BCL22 to_TO distinguish_VVI between_II interpolated_JJ and_CC extrapolated_VVD predictions_NN2 ,_, while_CS this_DD1 is_VBZ not_XX possible_JJ for_IF PBT_NP1 Profiler_NP1 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT insights_NN2 and_CC methodology_NN1 may_VM also_RR benefit_VVI the_AT development_NN1 of_IO other_JJ flexible_JJ energy_NN1 storage_NN1 systems_NN2 such_II21 as_II22 flexible_JJ sodium_NN1 batteries_NN2 and_CC supercapacitors_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT fresh_JJ Pd_NP1 catalysts_NN2 supported_VVN on_II ZrO2-containing_JJ oxides_NN2 were_VBDR significantly_RR more_RGR active_JJ than_CSN the_AT fresh_JJ Pd/SiO2_NP1 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT typical_JJ operating_NN1 pH_NN1 range_NN1 in_II the_AT BIOX?_NN1 process_NN1 is_VBZ 1.2_MC --_JJ 1.6_MC ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT author_NN1 is_VBZ extremely_RR grateful_JJ to_II the_AT University_NN1 of_IO Bradford_NP1 ,_, as_II31 well_II32 as_II33 the_AT 2013_MC Visiting_JJ Scholar_NN1 Program_NN1 ofFujian_NN1 Province_NN1 in_II China_NP1 ,_, which_DDQ supported_VVD the_AT author_NN1 (_( conferred_VVN the_AT title_NN1 of_IO Honorary_JJ Visiting_JJ Academic_JJ )_) to_TO research_VVI at_II the_AT University_NN1 of_IO Bradford_NP1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
In_II future_JJ studies_NN2 ,_, this_DD1 framework_NN1 could_VM be_VBI applied_VVN to_TO investigate_VVI potential_JJ changes_NN2 in_II scaling_VVG rates_NN2 by_II analysing_VVG daily_RR mean_JJ temperature_NN1 and_CC TCRH_NP1 from_II coarser-scale_JJ models_NN2 to_TO assess_VVI uncertainties_NN2 in_II future_JJ extreme_JJ events_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Lim_VV0 et_RA21 al_RA22 ._. 
</s>
<s>
reported_VVN interwoven_JJ mesh_NN1 of_IO CNTs_NP1 formed_VVD by_II alternately_RR layering_VVG sheets_NN2 of_IO CNTs_NP1 orthogonal_JJ to_II each_PPX221 other_PPX222 on_II a_AT1 Ni_NP1 mesh_NN1 current_JJ collector_NN1 and_CC created_VVD a_AT1 high_JJ surface_NN1 area_NN1 and_CC free-standing_JJ electrode_NN1 (_( Fig._NN1 11g-i_NNU )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Carbon_NN1 nanofibers_NN2 (_( CNFs_NP1 )_) have_VH0 attracted_VVN great_JJ attention_NN1 as_CSA unique_JJ nanomaterials_NN2 having_VHG a_AT1 potential_NN1 for_IF industrial_JJ applications_NN2 such_II21 as_II22 functional_JJ composites_NN2 ,_, electrochemical_JJ electrodes_NN2 ,_, semiconductor_NN1 devices_NN2 ,_, electron_NN1 emitters_NN2 ,_, catalysts_NN2 and_CC catalyst_NN1 supports_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
As_II a_AT1 metal_NN1 ,_, Fe_NP1 is_VBZ a_AT1 non-biodegradable_JJ element_NN1 that_CST can_VM accumulate_VVI in_II the_AT food_NN1 chain_NN1 and_CC be_VBI adsorbed_VVN by_II living_JJ organisms_NN2 including_II humans_NN2 ,_, resulting_VVG in_II serious_JJ health_NN1 disorders_NN2 ,_, such_II21 as_II22 depression_NN1 ,_, rapid_JJ and_CC shallow_JJ respiration_NN1 ,_, coma_NN1 ,_, convulsions_NN2 ,_, respiratory_JJ failure_NN1 and_CC cardiac_JJ arrest_NN1 according_II21 to_II22 WHO_NP1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Ayurvedic_JJ medicines_NN2 are_VBR the_AT oldest_JJT classification_NN1 of_IO medicine_NN1 in_II the_AT world_NN1 ,_, including_II two_MC main_JJ types_NN2 of_IO herbal_NN1 and_CC rasa_NN1 shastra_NN1 drugs_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Seeding_VVG sludge_NN1 was_VBDZ obtained_VVN from_II a_AT1 local_JJ wastewater_NN1 treatment_NN1 facility_NN1 treating_VVG domestic_JJ wastewater_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT infrastructure_NN1 for_IF collection_NN1 of_IO surface_NN1 runoff_NN1 and_CC the_AT conditions_NN2 of_IO its_APPGE treatment_NN1 determine_VV0 how_RGQ much_DA1 of_IO the_AT released_JJ TWP_NP1 eventually_RR reaches_VVZ surface_NN1 water_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
From_II a_AT1 hydrodynamic_JJ perspective_NN1 ,_, biofilm_VV0 formation_NN1 on_II plastic_NN1 debris_NN1 may_VM have_VHI substantial_JJ implications_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
These_DD2 materials_NN2 are_VBR being_VBG studied_VVN mainly_RR in_II batteries_NN2 (_( especially_RR LIBs_NN2 and_CC SIBs_NP2 )_) ,_, supercapacitors_NN2 and_CC hydrogen_NN1 production_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Sufficiently_RR long_JJ induction_NN1 times_NNT2 (_( i._MC e._ZZ1 ,_, 53_MC ,_, 43_MC ,_, and_CC 30_MC h_ZZ1 for_IF feed_NN1 concentrations_NN2 of_IO 500,1000_MC ,_, and_CC 2000_MC mg/L_NNU of_IO CaSO4_FO ,_, respectively_RR )_) are_VBR also_RR a_AT1 requisite_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
LECO_NP1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 Statistical_JJ Compare_VV0 feature_NN1 is_VBZ useful_JJ for_IF determining_VVG the_AT most_RGT distinct_JJ compounds_NN2 between_II samples_NN2 and_CC has_VHZ been_VBN applied_VVN successively_RR to_TO identify_VVI putative_JJ biomarkers_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
There_EX is_VBZ no_AT substitute_NN1 for_IF phosphorus_NN1 in_II crop_NN1 growth_NN1 since_CS phosphorus_NN1 can_VM not_XX be_VBI manufactured_VVN (_( or_CC destroyed_VVN )_) and_CC ,_, unlike_JJ other_JJ major_JJ life_NN1 elements_NN2 (_( carbon_NN1 ,_, nitrogen_NN1 ,_, oxygen_NN1 ,_, and_CC hydrogen_NN1 )_) ,_, has_VHZ no_AT gaseous_JJ phase_NN1 compound_VV0 significant_JJ enough_RR to_TO allow_VVI for_IF its_APPGE sustainable_JJ circulation_NN1 via_II the_AT atmosphere_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT epoxy_JJ dissolution_NN1 rate_NN1 can_VM be_VBI enhanced_VVN by_II increasing_VVG the_AT temperature_NN1 and_CC catalyst_NN1 loading_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Tub_NN1 cleaners_NN2 reported_VVD the_AT greatest_JJT number_NN1 of_IO mean_JJ symptoms_NN2 per_II worker_NN1 (_( 2.31_MC )_) compared_VVN to_II tub_NN1 workers_NN2 (_( 1.26_MC )_) or_CC non-exposed_JJ workers_NN2 (_( 0.29_MC )_) (_( Moraga-McHaley_NN1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2013_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Although_CS this_DD1 option_NN1 is_VBZ possible_JJ for_IF DNA-based_JJ methods_NN2 ,_, there_EX is_VBZ generally_RR a_AT1 need_NN1 to_TO sacrifice_VVI specimens_NN2 before_II DNA-based_JJ identification_NN1 (_( low_JJ )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Considerable_JJ more_RRR work_NN1 is_VBZ needed_VVN ,_, however_RR ,_, to_TO confirm_VVI these_DD2 conclusions_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Energy_NN1 &;_NULL Environmental_JJ Science_NN1 selenium_NN1 based_VVD Na_FU ion_NN1 cathodes_NN2 from_II the_AT literature_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Secondly_RR ,_, the_AT measurement_NN1 models_NN2 (_( the_AT outer_JJ models_NN2 )_) show_VV0 the_AT relationships_NN2 between_II the_AT constructs_NN2 and_CC the_AT indicators_NN2 ,_, also_RR known_VVN as_II manifest_JJ variables_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
We_PPIS2 would_VM like_VVI to_TO acknowledge_VVI NASA_NP1 for_IF making_VVG the_AT MODIS_NP1 AOD_NP1 data_NN publicly_RR accessible_JJ ._. 
</s>
<s>
Bioavailability_NN1 tests_NN2 indicated_VVD that_CST Ni_NP1 was_VBDZ more_RGR available_JJ around_II Mouriki_NP1 ,_, east_ND1 of_IO Yliki_JJ lake_NN1 ,_, while_CS Cr_NP1 was_VBDZ more_RGR available_JJ immediately_RR in_II the_AT north_ND1 of_IO Thiva_NP1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT band_NN1 gap_NN1 energy_NN1 must_VM be_VBI equal_JJ to_II or_CC greater_JJR than_CSN the_AT OH-/._FU ?_? 
</s>
<s>
It_PPH1 is_VBZ a_AT1 rule_NN1 of_IO thumb_NN1 that_CST a_AT1 10X_FO or_CC higher_JJR concentration_NN1 antimicrobials_NN2 are_VBR needed_VVN to_TO treat_VVI biofilms_NN2 than_CSN that_DD1 for_IF planktonic_JJ cells_NN2 (_( Sauer_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2009_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
In_II analysing_VVG how_RRQ a_AT1 firm_JJ '_NULL s_ZZ1 technological_JJ trajectory_NN1 affects_VVZ its_APPGE development_NN1 of_IO eco-friendly_JJ innovations_NN2 ,_, we_PPIS2 will_VM follow_VVI a_AT1 similar_JJ approach_NN1 to_II the_AT identification_NN1 of_IO technological_JJ regimes_NN2 ,_, only_RR at_II the_AT firm_JJ level_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT different_JJ sizes_NN2 of_IO root_NN1 seed_NN1 elongation_NN1 in_II germination_NN1 test_NN1 among_II the_AT controls_NN2 have_VH0 proven_VVN that_CST both_RR SB_NP1 and_CC EFB_VV0 composts_NN2 helped_VVD to_TO enhance_VVI the_AT root_NN1 growth_NN1 of_IO vegetable_NN1 plants_NN2 due_JJ of_IO the_AT presence_NN1 of_IO mineral_NN1 contents_NN2 such_II21 as_II22 Pb_FO and_CC Ca_NP1 ,_, based_VVN on_II the_AT AAS_NP2 analysis_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
A_AT1 further_JJR example_NN1 of_IO DNA_NN1 packaging_NN1 using_VVG &lsqb;_( bmim_NN1 &rsqb;_) &lsqb;_( PF6_FO &rsqb;_) is_VBZ reported_VVN in_II ref_NN1 180_MC ._. 
</s>
<s>
Similarly_RR ,_, the_AT decreasing_JJ mobility_NN1 factors_NN2 demonstrated_VVD that_CST the_AT application_NN1 of_IO P._NP1 putida_NN1 X4_FO reduced_VVN Cu_FO mobility_NN1 in_II Black_JJ ,_, Red_JJ ,_, and_CC Cinnamon_NN1 soils_VVZ at_II the_AT first_MD 4_MC ,_, 8_MC ,_, and_CC 8_MC months_NNT2 ,_, respectively_RR (_( Shi_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2018_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Both_RR ozonation_NN1 and_CC biofiltration_NN1 reduced_VVD THM_NP1 formation_NN1 potential_NN1 (_( FP_NP1 )_) to_II different_JJ degrees_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Now_RT ,_, with_IW an_AT1 aim_NN1 to_TO understand_VVI the_AT further_JJR insight_NN1 of_IO adsorption_NN1 phenomenon_NN1 exhibited_VVN by_II PI_NN1 molecule_NN1 ,_, the_AT in_II depth_NN1 study_NN1 of_IO the_AT inherent_JJ nature_NN1 of_IO the_AT PI_NN1 molecule_NN1 is_VBZ required_VVN ._. 
</s>
<s>
On_II the_AT basis_NN1 of_IO the_AT integration_NN1 ratio_NN1 of_IO these_DD2 peaks_NN2 ,_, the_AT weight_NN1 ratio_NN1 of_IO poly_NN1 (_( ethylene_NN1 glycol_NN1 )_) bis-diol_NN1 as_II an_AT1 impurity_NN1 is_VBZ about_II 1_MC1 wt_NN1 %_NNU in_II the_AT biolubricant_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Long-term_JJ records_NN2 clarified_VVD the_AT decrease_NN1 in_II alkalinity_NN1 or_CC pH_NN1 in_II lakes_NN2 and_CC rivers_NN2 of_IO Europe_NP1 and_CC North_ND1 America_NP1 (_( Skjelkvale_NP1 et_RA21 al_RA22 ._. 
</s>
<s>
2001_MC )_) and_CC the_AT UK_NP1 (_( Monteith_NP1 et_RA21 al_RA22 ._. 
</s>
<s>
2014_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
By_II this_DD1 way_NN1 ,_, the_AT environmental_JJ benefit_NN1 provided_VVN by_II composting_JJ scenario_NN1 in_II all_DB the_AT environmental_JJ categories_NN2 under_II analysis_NN1 can_VM be_VBI properly_RR appreciated_VVN ._. 
</s>
<s>
Further_JJR distillation_NN1 splits_VVZ the_AT C8_FO components_NN2 of_IO close_JJ boiling_JJ points_NN2 from_II others_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
We_PPIS2 find_VV0 that_CST decarboxylated_VVD TPs_NP1 are_VBR less_RGR assimilable_JJ than_CSN the_AT parent_NN1 pollutants_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Statistical_JJ analyses_NN2 were_VBDR performed_VVN using_VVG SPSS_NP1 16.0_MC (_( IBM_NP1 ,_, Armonk_NP1 ,_, NY_NP1 )_) and_CC GraphPad_NP1 Prism_NN1 8_MC (_( GraphPad_NP1 Software_NN1 ,_, San_NP1 Diego_NP1 ,_, CA_NP1 )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
However_RR ,_, Cr_NP1 saw_VVD a_AT1 decrease_NN1 in_II adsorption_NN1 with_IW increasing_JJ pH_NN1 and_CC Cu_FO adsorption_NN1 remained_VVD the_AT same_DA ._. 
</s>
<s>
Outdoor_JJ weathering_NN1 conditions_NN2 ,_, such_II21 as_II22 UV_JJ irradiation_NN1 ,_, rain_NN1 ,_, and_CC pollution_NN1 ,_, can_VM both_RR chemically_RR and_CC physically_RR alter_VV0 ENPs_NN2 (_( Table_NN1 3_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
There_EX was_VBDZ a_AT1 relatively_RR high_JJ pollution_NN1 levels_NN2 of_IO heavy_JJ metals_NN2 in_II the_AT topsoil_NN1 than_CSN that_DD1 in_II the_AT subsoil_NN1 (_( Fig._NN1 5a_FO and_CC b_ZZ1 )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Organic_JJ matter_NN1 (_( OM_NN1 )_) refers_VVZ to_II the_AT largest_JJT reactive_JJ reservoir_NN1 of_IO carbon-based_JJ compounds_NN2 on_II Earth_NN1 ,_, with_IW a_AT1 total_JJ amount_NN1 of_IO carbon_NN1 of_IO 3200_MC Pg_NP1 C_NP1 through_II the_AT 3_MC environments_NN2 e._ZZ1 g._NNU ,_, soils_NN2 (_( 1600_MC Pg_NP1 C_ZZ1 )_) ,_, sediments_NN2 (_( 1000_MC PgC_NP1 )_) ,_, and_CC the_AT ocean_NN1 (_( 685_MC Pg_NP1 C_ZZ1 )_) (_( Bianchi_NP1 ,_, 2011_MC ;_; Hedges_NN2 ,_, 1992_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Nevertheless_RR ,_, being_VBG earth_NN1 mortars_NN2 produced_VVN with_IW natural_JJ materials_NN2 (_( clayish_JJ earth_NN1 ,_, sand_NN1 ,_, natural_JJ fibres_NN2 )_) ,_, earth_NN1 plasters_NN2 have_VH0 a_AT1 very_RG low_RR embodied_VVN energy_NN1 ,_, in_II31 comparison_II32 with_II33 common_JJ plasters_NN2 ,_, made_VVN with_IW limes_NN2 or_CC cements_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT model_NN1 improves_VVZ the_AT detailed_JJ design_NN1 of_IO the_AT air_NN1 equipment_NN1 so_CS the_AT air_NN1 demand_NN1 of_IO the_AT biological_JJ process_NN1 can_VM be_VBI predicted_VVN better_RRR against_II the_AT ability_NN1 of_IO the_AT aeration_NN1 system_NN1 to_TO match_VVI the_AT air_NN1 requirements_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
In_RR21 addition_RR22 ,_, the_AT use_NN1 of_IO FO_NP1 membranes_NN2 for_IF wastewater_JJR treatment_NN1 results_NN2 in_II fouling_VVG ;_; since_CS as_CSA water_NN1 flows_VVZ through_II the_AT membrane_NN1 ,_, it_PPH1 may_VM carry_VVI over_RP other_JJ particulates_NN2 from_II the_AT wastewater_NN1 including_II organic_JJ molecules_NN2 ,_, viruses_NN2 and_CC bacteria_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT residual_JJ electrons_NN2 (_( 95.63_MC mM_NNU ,_, 93.16%_FO )_) were_VBDR provided_VVN for_IF bio-oxidation_NN1 and_CC the_AT ATP_NN1 synthesis_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT process_NN1 is_VBZ dependent_JJ on_II both_DB2 the_AT physico-chemical_JJ properties_NN2 of_IO the_AT EC_NP1 of_IO concern_NN1 (_( e._ZZ1 g_ZZ1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Henry_NP1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 law_NN1 constant_NN1 )_) as_II31 well_II32 as_II33 the_AT operating_NN1 conditions_NN2 of_IO the_AT treatment_NN1 system_NN1 (_( for_REX21 example_REX22 ,_, aeration_NN1 or_CC agitation_NN1 rates_NN2 ,_, temperature_NN1 and_CC atmospheric_JJ pressure_NN1 )_) (_( Tran_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2018_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT work_NN1 showed_VVD that_CST the_AT theoretical_JJ power_NN1 outputs_NN2 is_VBZ equal_JJ to_II the_AT actual_JJ power_NN1 outputs_NN2 multiplied_VVN by_II a_AT1 factor_NN1 called_VVN the_AT loss_NN1 factor_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Increases_NN2 of_IO fluxes_NN2 and_CC recoveries_NN2 with_IW a_AT1 progress_NN1 of_IO TMPs_NP1 are_VBR evident_JJ in_II both_DB2 experiments_NN2 and_CC all_DB obtained_VVN curves_NN2 had_VHD high_RR linear_JJ correlations_NN2 which_DDQ is_VBZ in_II31 accordance_II32 with_II33 reported_JJ results_NN2 of_IO similar_JJ studies_NN2 (_( Mou_NP1 Sen_NNA and_CC Pal_NN1 2010_MC ;_; Yu_NP1 et_RA21 al_RA22 ._. 
</s>
<s>
2013_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Some_DD bacterial_JJ strains_NN2 function_VV0 optimally_RR when_CS immobilized_VVN ;_; for_REX21 example_REX22 ,_, Sphingobium_NP1 sp_NNU ._. 
</s>
<s>
For_IF AEC-4_MC and_CC AEC-5_MC ,_, as_CSA the_AT concentration_NN1 increases_VVZ quickly_RR from_II 10_MC to_II 40_MC mg/L_NNU ,_, the_AT inhibition_NN1 efficiency_NN1 improves_VVZ from_II 4%_NNU to_II 92%_NNU for_IF AEC-4_MC ,_, but_CCB 4%_NNU to_II 90%_NNU for_IF AEC-5_MC ,_, and_CC then_RT the_AT inhibition_NN1 efficiency_NN1 remains_VVZ unchanged_JJ with_IW further_RRR increasing_VVG the_AT concentration_NN1 ;_; for_IF AEC-3_MC and_CC AEC-7_MC ,_, the_AT inhibition_NN1 efficiency_NN1 steadily_RR increases_VVZ with_IW the_AT increase_NN1 of_IO the_AT concentration_NN1 of_IO AEC_NP1 ,_, and_CC finally_RR reaches_VVZ 88%_NNU at_II 70_MC mg/L_NNU for_IF AEC-3_MC ,_, but_CCB 80%_NNU for_IF AEC-7_MC ;_; for_IF AEC-9_MC and_CC AEC-10_MC ,_, the_AT inhibition_NN1 efficiency_NN1 slowly_RR increases_VVZ with_IW increasing_VVG the_AT concentration_NN1 ,_, and_CC finally_RR reaches_VVZ 40%_NNU at_II 70_MC mg/L_NNU ;_; While_CS for_IF AEC-11_MC ,_, AEC-12_MC ,_, AEC-15_MC and_CC AEC-20_MC ,_, the_AT scale_NN1 inhibition_NN1 efficiency_NN1 is_VBZ not_XX obvious_JJ ._. 
</s>
<s>
All_DB particles_NN2 are_VBR <200_FO nm_FU in_II size_NN1 ,_, with_IW spherical_JJ shape_NN1 and_CC smooth_JJ surface_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
No_AT products_NN2 were_VBDR detected_VVN in_II absence_NN1 of_IO RGO_NP1 or_CC without_IW light_JJ irradiation_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Third_MD ,_, EHPs_NN2 have_VH0 attracted_VVN increasing_JJ attention_NN1 for_IF their_APPGE excellent_JJ comprehensive_JJ performance_NN1 in_II toughening_VVG and_CC reinforcing_VVG DGEBA_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Moreover_RR ,_, Qiu_NP1 et_RA21 al_RA22 ._. 
</s>
<s>
developed_VVN a_AT1 fixed_JJ bed_NN1 biofilm_NN1 to_TO replace_VVI the_AT role_NN1 of_IO the_AT MF_NP1 membrane_NN1 in_II the_AT OMBR-MF_JJ hybrid_JJ system_NN1 ,_, for_IF which_DDQ the_AT solid/liquid_JJ separation_NN1 to_TO extract_VVI the_AT side-stream_NN1 for_IF controlling_VVG salt_NN1 accumulation_NN1 and_CC recovering_VVG P_ZZ1 can_VM be_VBI obviated_VVN and_CC energy_NN1 consumption_NN1 is_VBZ thereby_RR reduced_VVN ._. 
</s>
<s>
Moreover_RR ,_, it_PPH1 is_VBZ more_RGR feasible_JJ in_II31 terms_II32 of_II33 high_JJ recovery_NN1 efficiency_NN1 and_CC low_JJ energy_NN1 consumption_NN1 for_IF various_JJ cations/anions_NN2 separation_NN1 systems_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
As_II a_AT1 result_NN1 ,_, these_DD2 residual_JJ spots_NN2 decrease_VV0 incident_NN1 solar_JJ radiation_NN1 intensity_NN1 and_CC decrease_VV0 solar_JJ still_JJ productivity_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
This_DD1 concept_NN1 has_VHZ worked_VVN well5,6_FO ,_, with_IW floats_NN2 in_II the_AT seasonal_JJ ice_NN1 zone_NN1 surviving_VVG at_II about_II the_AT same_DA rate_NN1 as_CSA floats_NN2 at_II lower_JJR latitudes_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
For_IF both_DB2 cases_NN2 ,_, n2_FO was_VBDZ little_RR affected_VVN by_II the_AT temperature_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
To_TO try_VVI to_TO understand_VVI the_AT influence_NN1 of_IO air_NN1 stagnation_NN1 in_II the_AT Tmax_NN1 -MDA8_NN1 O3_FO relationship_NN1 ,_, we_PPIS2 have_VH0 evaluated_VVN if_CS this_DD1 relationship_NN1 changes_NN2 with_IW the_AT occurrence_NN1 of_IO stagnation_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Figure_NN1 2_MC shows_VVZ quantity_NN1 of_IO heavy_JJ metals_NN2 relative_II21 to_II22 each_PPX221 other_PPX222 in_II different_JJ cities_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT overall_JJ variety_NN1 of_IO publications_NN2 reflects_VVZ the_AT interest_NN1 of_IO research_NN1 topics_NN2 and_CC implies_VVZ that_CST microbial_JJ activity_NN1 is_VBZ likely_JJ to_TO be_VBI among_II the_AT most_RGT dominant_JJ influencing_JJ factors_NN2 followed_VVN by_II pipe_NN1 materials_NN2 and_CC corrosion_NN1 products_NN2 from_II pipes_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Even_RR better_RRR or_CC reasonable_JJ fruit_NN quality_NN1 results_NN2 in_II the_AT limited_JJ irrigation_NN1 conditions_NN2 were_VBDR reported_VVN in_II many_DA2 studies_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Measured_JJ pH_NN1 values_NN2 of_IO the_AT liquid_NN1 CO(NH2)2H3PO4_FO fertilizers_NN2 are_VBR low_JJ and_CC may_VM affect_VVI the_AT pH_NN1 of_IO the_AT soil_NN1 ,_, resulting_VVG in_II the_AT undesired_JJ side_NN1 effects_NN2 for_IF the_AT plants_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Al_NP1 and_CC V_ZZ1 are_VBR used_VVN to_TO stabilize_VVI the_AT alpha-and_CC beta-Ti_JJ phases_NN2 during_II the_AT fabrication_NN1 of_IO the_AT Ti64_FO alloy_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Moreover_RR ,_, most_DAT of_IO the_AT remaining_JJ 3%_NNU is_VBZ trapped_VVN underground_RL or_CC in_II glaciers_NN2 and_CC ice_NN1 caps_NN2 ,_, leaving_VVG less_DAR than_CSN 1%_NNU of_IO the_AT world_NN1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 water_NN1 supply_VV0 available_JJ to_II us_PPIO2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Moreover_RR ,_, the_AT crystallinity_NN1 index_NN1 (_( CI_FO )_) value_NN1 of_IO chitosan_NN1 was_VBDZ 54.2%_FO ._. 
</s>
<s>
This_DD1 surface_NN1 area_NN1 is_VBZ comparably_RR low_JJ to_II carbon_NN1 nanofiber_NN1 composite_NN1 synthesized_VVD by_II Li_NP1 et_RA21 al_RA22 ._. 
</s>
<s>
(_( 2018_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Furthermore_RR ,_, it_PPH1 was_VBDZ found_VVN that_CST the_AT particulate-plastic_JJ particles_NN2 were_VBDR not_XX introduced_VVN during_II the_AT handling_NN1 and_CC cleaning_NN1 of_IO the_AT fish_NN ._. 
</s>
<s>
More_DAR understanding_NN1 of_IO the_AT dynamics_NN of_IO Fe_NP1 remobilization_NN1 and_CC influencing_JJ factors_NN2 in_II other_JJ CW_NP1 types_NN2 should_VM also_RR be_VBI enhanced_VVN ._. 
</s>
<s>
Figure_NN1 3_MC shows_VVZ the_AT changes_NN2 in_II the_AT cadmium_NN1 content_NN1 in_II the_AT different_JJ parts_NN2 of_IO the_AT lettuce_NN1 under_II the_AT treatments_NN2 by_II diverse_JJ passivators_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
In_II another_DD1 study_NN1 ,_, Wang_NP1 et_RA21 al_RA22 ._. 
</s>
<s>
prepared_VVN a_AT1 3D_NNU scaffold_NN1 of_IO composite_NN1 by_II using_VVG supercritical_JJ CO2_FO as_II a_AT1 physical_JJ foaming_JJ agent_NN1 (_( Fig._NN1 15_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Other_JJ authors_NN2 have_VH0 also_RR reported_VVN a_AT1 positive_JJ influence_NN1 of_IO precipitates_NN2 on_II the_AT oxidation_NN1 of_IO ores_NN2 ,_, for_REX21 example_REX22 ,_, Southam_NP1 and_CC Beveridge_NP1 (_( 1993_MC )_) showed_VVD that_CST bacterial_JJ cells_NN2 were_VBDR cemented_VVN to_II mineral_NN1 surfaces_NN2 by_II iron_NN1 precipitates_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Other_JJ ways_NN2 to_TO measure_VVI the_AT capacitance_NN1 are_VBR by_II the_AT galvanometric_JJ intermittent_JJ titration_NN1 technique_NN1 (_( GITT_NP1 )_) or_CC amperometric_JJ intermittent_JJ titration_NN1 technique_NN1 (_( AITT_NP1 )_) ,_, which_DDQ involve_VV0 transferring_VVG a_AT1 precise_JJ quantity_NN1 of_IO charge_NN1 and_CC measuring_VVG the_AT change_NN1 in_II voltage_NN1 ,_, or_CC changing_VVG the_AT cell_NN1 voltage_NN1 and_CC measuring_VVG the_AT charge_NN1 transferred_VVN ,_, respectively_RR ._. 
</s>
<s>
In_II this_DD1 paper_NN1 ,_, the_AT term_NN1 '_NULL oil_NN1 sorption_NN1 '_NULL is_VBZ used_VVN instead_II21 of_II22 oil_NN1 adsorption_NN1 ,_, absorption_NN1 ,_, separation_NN1 ,_, or_CC removal_NN1 ,_, since_CS all_DB these_DD2 terms_NN2 are_VBR used_VVN in_II literature_NN1 when_CS discussing_VVG oil_NN1 sorption_NN1 on_II various_JJ materials_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Typical_JJ snap_JJ shots_NN2 of_IO the_AT jetting_JJ fluidized_JJ bed_NN1 are_VBR shown_VVN in_II Fig._NN1 2_MC ._. 
</s>
<s>
FTIR_NP1 and_CC Raman_NP1 spectroscopy_NN1 are_VBR complementary_JJ vibrational_JJ techniques_NN2 to_II each_PPX221 other_PPX222 ._. 
</s>
<s>
We_PPIS2 calculated_VVD monthly_JJ PErs_NN2 using_VVG a_AT1 modified_JJ Hargreaves_NP1 method_NN1 that_CST accounts_VVZ for_IF temperature_NN1 and_CC solar_JJ radiation64,65_FO ._. 
</s>
<s>
Our_APPGE analysis_NN1 of_IO the_AT MDS_NN2 plots_NN2 and_CC their_APPGE meaning_NN1 rests_VVZ on_II two_MC years_NNT2 of_IO ethnographic_JJ study_NN1 and_CC more_DAR than_CSN 30_MC interviews_NN2 with_IW community_NN1 members_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Laajahti_JJ Bay_NN1 (_( Baltic_NP1 Sea_NNL1 ,_, Finland_NP1 )_) ,_, a_AT1 poorly_RR buffered_VVD brackish_JJ embayment_NN1 near_II Helsinki_NP1 ,_, showed_VVD an_AT1 increase_NN1 in_II annual_JJ pH_NN1 around_RG 1970_MC to_II values_NN2 up_RG21 to_RG22 8.8_MC following_RA by_II a_AT1 decline_NN1 to_TO stabilize_VVI at_II around_RG 7.6_MC (_( Figure_NN1 5B_FO )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
To_II our_APPGE knowledge_NN1 only_RR one_MC1 study_NN1 detected_VVD HMMA_NP1 in_II wastewater_NN1 (_( Been_VBN et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2014_MC )_) and_CC another_DD1 one_MC1 in_II pooled_JJ human_JJ urine_NN1 and_CC urinated_JJ soil_NN1 samples_NN2 (_( Mardal_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2016b_FO )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
For_REX21 instance_REX22 ,_, tropical_JJ convection-forced_NN1 warming_VVG through_II the_AT transport_NN1 of_IO heat_NN1 and_CC moisture_NN1 may_VM be_VBI further_RRR amplified_VVN by_II local_JJ feedback_NN1 processes_NN2 ,_, such_II21 as_II22 increased_JJ clouds_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Additionally_RR ,_, a_AT1 significant_JJ amount_NN1 of_IO carbonyl_NN1 species_NN in_II haze_NN1 particles_NN2 may_VM have_VHI other_JJ pollution_NN1 sources_NN2 in_II31 addition_II32 to_II33 the_AT oxidation_NN1 of_IO exhaust_NN1 since_CS P_ZZ1 (_( other_JJ )_) at_II m/z_ZZ1 98_MC ,_, 112_MC ,_, 126_MC ,_, and_CC 140_MC contributed_VVD to_II 48.3%_FO ,_, 42.5%_FO ,_, 63.7%_FO ,_, and_CC 72.1%_FO ,_, respectively_RR ._. 
</s>
<s>
Also_RR ,_, a_AT1 10%_NNU advancement_NN1 in_II the_AT permeation_NN1 flux_NN1 has_VHZ been_VBN won_VVN when_CS the_AT turbulent_JJ flow_NN1 regime_NN1 was_VBDZ employed_VVN ,_, compared_VVN to_II 5%_NNU in_II the_AT case_NN1 of_IO laminar_NN1 ,_, and_CC 3%_NNU in_II the_AT range_NN1 of_IO transition_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
However_RR ,_, this_DD1 statement_NN1 has_VHZ been_VBN controverted_VVN ,_, or_CC can_VM not_XX be_VBI applied_VVN to_II all_DB types_NN2 of_IO membranes_NN2 as_CSA Tang_NN1 et_RA21 al_RA22 ._. 
</s>
<s>
(_( 2014_MC )_) observed_VVD that_CST monovalent_JJ cations_NN2 caused_VVD more_DAR fouling_NN1 of_IO polyvinyl_NN1 chloride_NN1 UF_NN1 membrane_NN1 by_II forming_VVG a_AT1 gel_NN1 layer_NN1 ,_, which_DDQ blocked_VVD pores_NN2 compared_VVN to_II divalent_JJ cations_NN2 ,_, which_DDQ formed_VVD a_AT1 porous_JJ caked_VVN layer_NN1 structure_NN1 on_II the_AT membrane_NN1 surface_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
With_IW increasing_JJ pH_NN1 ,_, the_AT adsorption_NN1 of_IO As(V)_NP1 decreased_VVD whereas_CS the_AT adsorption_NN1 of_IO As(III)_NP1 showed_VVD a_AT1 maximum_NN1 around_II neutral_JJ pH_NN1 (_( Hsia_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 1994_MC ;_; Pierce_NP1 and_CC Moore_NP1 ,_, 1982_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Additional_JJ direct_JJ threats_NN2 to_II human_JJ consumption_NN1 of_IO crops_NN2 grown_VVN in_II ultramafic_JJ soils_NN2 have_VH0 been_VBN reported_VVN for_IF crops_NN2 such_II21 as_II22 rice_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT global_JJ applicability_NN1 and_CC opportunities_NN2 of_IO solar_JJ desalination_NN1 have_VH0 been_VBN further_RRR demonstrated_VVN by_II researchers_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Embedding_NN1 multi-anodes_NN2 for_IF scaling_VVG up_RP CW-MFC_NN1 could_VM take_VVI full_JJ advantages_NN2 of_IO the_AT anaerobic_JJ environment_NN1 in_II the_AT substrate_NN1 of_IO CW_NP1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Support_VV0 Vector_NN1 Machines_NN2 (_( SVM_NP1 )_) was_VBDZ used_VVN to_TO model_VVI the_AT tR_JJ data_NN ._. 
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<s>
Further_JJR work_NN1 will_VM thus_RR be_VBI needed_VVN to_TO identify_VVI and_CC distinguish_VVI the_AT exact_JJ reactions_NN2 occurring_VVG ,_, determine_VV0 their_APPGE extent_NN1 and_CC how_RRQ they_PPHS2 may_VM be_VBI controlled_VVN by_II the_AT sorbate_NN1 ,_, sorbent_JJ and_CC medium_JJ properties_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Class_NN1 I_ZZ1 ,_, II_MC ,_, and_CC III_MC CATs_NN2 are_VBR strongly_RR expressed_VVN in_II photosynthetic_JJ tissues_NN2 ,_, vascular_JJ tissues_NN2 ,_, and_CC seeds_NN2 and_CC reproductive_JJ tissues_NN2 ,_, respectively_RR ._. 
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<s>
There_EX is_VBZ a_AT1 strong_JJ evidence_NN1 that_CST sorption_NN1 and_CC biodegradation_NN1 of_IO antibiotics_NN2 differ_VV0 significantly_RR under_RG different_JJ redox_NN1 conditions_NN2 (_( e._ZZ1 g._NNU ,_, aerobic_JJ ,_, anoxic_JJ ,_, and_CC anaerobic_JJ (_( methanogenic_JJ and_CC sulfate-reducing_NN1 )_) )_) employed_VVD in_II wastewater_JJR treatment_NN1 processes_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Finally_RR ,_, the_AT seasonal_JJ distribution_NN1 of_IO precipitation_NN1 is_VBZ also_RR important_JJ ._. 
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<s>
Hence_RR ,_, it_PPH1 is_VBZ urgent_JJ for_IF guiding_JJ the_AT balanced_JJ spatial_JJ distribution_NN1 of_IO human_JJ capital_NN1 to_TO achieve_VVI compact_JJ and_CC sustainable_JJ urban_JJ development_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Indices_NN2 such_II21 as_II22 these_DD2 are_VBR useful_JJ for_IF facilitating_VVG general_JJ comparisons_NN2 of_IO the_AT differential_JJ vulnerability_NN1 between_II geographic_JJ units_NN2 of_IO various_JJ scales_NN2 ;_; however_RR ,_, their_APPGE general_JJ reliance_NN1 on_II available_JJ data_NN sets_NN2 limits_VVZ the_AT selection_NN1 of_IO input_NN1 variables_NN2 and_CC makes_VVZ it_PPH1 difficult_JJ to_TO capture_VVI subtle_JJ and_CC complex_JJ aspects_NN2 of_IO vulnerability_NN1 that_CST are_VBR crucial_JJ for_IF coping_VVG and_CC survival14_FO "_" 16_MC ._. 
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<s>
This_DD1 could_VM be_VBI because_CS the_AT mid-Pliocene_NP1 was_VBDZ characterized_VVN by_II increased_JJ heat_NN1 transport_NN1 polewards_RL ,_, although_CS it_PPH1 should_VM be_VBI noted_VVN that_CST the_AT augmentation_NN1 in_II the_AT Atlantic_NP1 meridional_JJ overturning_VVG circulation_NN1 for_IF this_DD1 period_NN1 has_VHZ been_VBN recently_RR challenged39_FO ._. 
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<s>
The_AT larger_JJR differences_NN2 were_VBDR commonly_RR found_VVN in_II the_AT east-central_JJ YRD_NN1 with_IW intensive_JJ NOx_NN1 emissions_NN2 ,_, which_DDQ implies_VVZ the_AT enhanced_JJ importance_NN1 of_IO AKs_NP2 on_II emission_NN1 constraining_VVG for_IF those_DD2 areas_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Therefore_RR ,_, these_DD2 morphological_JJ features_NN2 of_IO the_AT TRGO/NCNT_NN1 composite_NN1 can_VM enhance_VVI OER_JJR kinetics_NN1 and_CC subsequently_RR mitigate_VV0 highly_RR undesirable_JJ side_NN1 reactions_NN2 such_II21 as_II22 carbon_NN1 corrosion_NN1 at_II high_JJ OER_NN1 potentials_NN2 ,_, resulting_VVG in_II highly_RR durable_JJ electrodes_NN2 during_II cycling_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Although_CS osmotic_JJ dilution_NN1 has_VHZ been_VBN demonstrated_VVN to_TO be_VBI an_AT1 effective_JJ process_NN1 at_II the_AT bench-scale_JJ and_CC pilot-scale_JJ ,_, osmotic_JJ dilution_NN1 continues_VVZ to_TO face_VVI challenges_NN2 before_CS it_PPH1 is_VBZ commercially_RR implemented_VVN ._. 
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<s>
However_RR ,_, the_AT model_NN1 could_VM explain_VVI ,_, on_II average_NN1 ,_, only_RR --_JJ 40%_NNU of_IO the_AT observed_JJ particle_NN1 formation_NN1 ,_, and_CC large_JJ discrepancies_NN2 between_II the_AT observations_NN2 and_CC model_NN1 were_VBDR found_VVN ,_, especially_RR around_II noon_NNT1 and_CC in_II the_AT afternoon_NNT1 when_RRQ the_AT concentrations_NN2 of_IO isoprene_NN1 and_CC oxygenated_VVD volatile_JJ organic_JJ compounds_NN2 were_VBDR high_JJ ._. 
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<s>
Brij-35_MC and_CC rhamnolipid_JJ biosurfactant_NN1 were_VBDR found_VVN to_TO be_VBI non-toxic_JJ to_II M._NN1 vanbaalenii_NN2 PYR-1_MC1 at_II 10X_FO CMC_NP1 ,_, thus_RR indicating_VVG rhamnolipid_JJ biosurfactant_NN1 likely_RR served_VVN as_II a_AT1 preferential_JJ carbon_NN1 source_NN1 to_II the_AT degrading_JJ bacteria_NN2 in_II31 place_II32 of_II33 14C-pyrene_NN1 ,_, leading_VVG to_II delayed_JJ and_CC inhibited_JJ 14C-pyrene_JJ degradation_NN1 ._. 
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Second_MD ,_, other_JJ entities_NN2 will_VM be_VBI more_RGR interested_JJ in_II urban_JJ water_NN1 data_NN ._. 
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<s>
Based_VVN on_II the_AT analysis_NN1 of_IO existing_JJ HBM_NP1 mixture_NN1 data_NN ,_, alternative_JJ approaches_NN2 to_TO generate_VVI aggregated_JJ indicators_NN2 based_VVN on_II toxicity_NN1 information_NN1 will_VM be_VBI compared_VVN ._. 
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<s>
After_CS Fe(VI)_JJ oxidation_NN1 ,_, the_AT intensities_NN2 of_IO fluorescences_NN2 were_VBDR decreased_VVN (_( Fig._NN1 3d_NNU )_) and_CC the_AT EEM_NN1 volumes_NN2 in_II regions_NN2 IV_MC and_CC V_ZZ1 decreased_VVN by_II 9.7%_FO and_CC 21.4%_FO ,_, respectively_RR (_( Fig._NN1 3f_RA )_) ._. 
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As_CSA shown_VVN in_II figure_NN1 ,_, the_AT transition_NN1 of_IO color_NN1 occurred_VVD and_CC the_AT maximum_JJ blackness_NN1 was_VBDZ observed_VVN for_IF TiO2-500_MC ._. 
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The_AT outer_JJ boundary_NN1 of_IO as-synthesized_JJ samples_NN2 is_VBZ completely_RR distinct_JJ from_II the_AT ZnO_NN1 core_NN1 and_CC the_AT orderly_JJ inter-planar_JJ spacing_NN1 is_VBZ 0.260_MC nm_FU ,_, corresponding_VVG to_II (_( 002_MC )_) plane_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT results_NN2 showed_VVD that_CST the_AT CEC_NN1 concentrations_NN2 varied_VVD significantly_RR depending_II21 on_II22 sampling_VVG locations_NN2 (_( p_ZZ1 <_FO 0.0001_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
EPFRs_NN2 interact_VV0 with_IW oxygen_NN1 molecules_NN2 and_CC continue_VV0 to_TO produce_VVI reactive_JJ oxygen_NN1 species_NN ,_, which_DDQ may_VM be_VBI an_AT1 important_JJ mechanism_NN1 for_IF EPFRs_NN2 to_TO endanger_VVI human_JJ health_NN1 (_( Blakley_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2001_MC ;_; Khachatryan_NP1 and_CC Dellinger_NP1 ,_, 2011_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
The_AT results_NN2 provide_VV0 further_JJR evidence_NN1 of_IO the_AT benefit_NN1 of_IO utilizing_VVG rotatable_JJ ethylene_NN1 oxide_NN1 spacers_NN2 in_II side-chain-type_JJ AEMs_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
On_II the_AT other_JJ hand_NN1 ,_, the_AT stability_NN1 of_IO the_AT oxygen_NN1 vacancies_NN2 should_VM be_VBI considered_VVN ,_, especially_RR under_II the_AT highly_RR oxidizing_VVG conditions_NN2 of_IO the_AT OER_JJR process_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Previous_JJ studies_NN2 in_II the_AT UK_NP1 ,_, and_CC Europe_NP1 ,_, have_VH0 characterised_VVN spatial_JJ and_CC temporal_JJ variation_NN1 in_II PM2.5_FO ,_, PM10_FO and_CC components_NN2 (_( AQEG_NP1 ,_, 2012_MC ;_; Harrison_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2012_MC ;_; Putaud_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2010_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
In_II contrast_NN1 ,_, the_AT BAC_NN1 with_IW intermittent_JJ pre-ozonation_NN1 increased_VVD the_AT HAN_NP1 ,_, HNM_NP1 ,_, and_CC HAcAm_VV0 precursors_NN2 by_II 20_MC --_JJ 21%_NNU ,_, 30_MC --_JJ 36%_NNU ,_, and_CC 34_MC --_JJ 54%_NNU ,_, respectively_RR after_II the_AT initial_NN1 backwashing_VVG cycle_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
However_RR ,_, the_AT inoculum_NN1 size_NN1 has_VHZ direct_JJ effect_NN1 on_II cell_NN1 density_NN1 as_II31 well_II32 as_II33 ethanol_NN1 fermentation_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT important_JJ of_IO reducing_VVG the_AT pressure_NN1 in_II air_NN1 gap_NN1 has_VHZ also_RR been_VBN highlighted_VVN in_II the_AT same_DA study_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Although_CS naphthalene_NN1 is_VBZ also_RR in_II Group_NN1 2B_FO ,_, its_APPGE slope_NN1 factor_NN1 is_VBZ unavailable_JJ ._. 
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<s>
It_PPH1 can_VM be_VBI seen_VVN that_CST by_II increasing_VVG the_AT amount_NN1 of_IO tomato_NN1 residues_NN2 in_II the_AT mixture_NN1 from_II 20%_NNU to_II 60%_NNU ,_, a_AT1 24%_NNU ,_, 35%_NNU ,_, and_CC 24%_NNU decrease_NN1 in_II protein_NN1 degradation_NN1 was_VBDZ obtained_VVN under_II SS-AD_JJ ,_, HSS-AD_JJ and_CC L-AD_NN1 conditions_NN2 ,_, respectively_RR (_( Fig._NN1 4b_FO )_) ,_, which_DDQ contributed_VVD to_II the_AT decreased_JJ pH_NN1 and_CC alkalinity_NN1 in_II reactors_NN2 with_IW high_JJ percentage_NN1 of_IO tomato_NN1 residues_NN2 (_( Table_NN1 5_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
Table_NN1 3_MC lists_NN2 SOA_NN1 yields_VVZ in_II this_DD1 study_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Breure_VV0 et_RA21 al_RA22 ._. 
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<s>
(_( 1986_MC )_) reported_VVD that_CST high_JJ sugar_NN1 loading_VVG inhibited_JJ protein_NN1 degradation_NN1 in_II AD_RA systems_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
In_II F3_FO ,_, 100_MC mL_NNU of_IO ultrasonically_RR treated_VVN sludge_NN1 was_VBDZ inoculated_VVN with_IW 2_MC g_ZZ1 drycell_VV0 weight/L_FU of_IO bacteria_NN2 to_TO evaluate_VVI the_AT effectiveness_NN1 of_IO floc_NN1 disrupted_VVD bacterial_JJ disintegration_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
To_TO calculate_VVI this_DD1 value_NN1 ,_, we_PPIS2 averaged_VVD daily_RR streamflow_VV0 for_IF each_DD1 day_NNT1 in_II the_AT 20-year_JJ period_NN1 (_( e._ZZ1 g._NNU ,_, average_JJ streamflow_NN1 at_II a_AT1 gage_NN1 on_II Jan_NPM1 1_MC1 )_) ._. 
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<s>
Phenomena_NN2 such_II21 as_II22 pore_NN1 opening_NN1 and_CC widening_NN1 ,_, fractures_NN2 and_CC coalescence_NN1 of_IO adjoining_JJ pores_NN2 have_VH0 been_VBN observed_VVN in_II SEM_NP1 images_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Despite_II these_DD2 benefits_NN2 ,_, metagenomic_JJ approaches_NN2 for_IF determining_VVG ARG-host_JJ relationships_NN2 are_VBR limited_VVN in_II that_DD1 assembled_JJ genomes_NN2 and_CC contigs_NN2 represent_VV0 "_" composite_JJ "_" genomes_NN2 ,_, reconstructed_VVN from_II many_DA2 different_JJ ,_, similar_JJ microbes_NN2 in_II the_AT same_DA sample_NN1 ,_, and_CC thus_RR do_VD0 not_XX represent_VVI an_AT1 actual_JJ individual_JJ genome_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 single_JJ microbe_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Satellite_NN1 and_CC long-term_JJ ground-based_JJ observation_NN1 records_NN2 show_VV0 that_CST the_AT mass_NN1 and_CC extent_NN1 of_IO snow_NN1 cover_NN1 is_VBZ declining2_FO ;_; this_DD1 is_VBZ largely_RR attributed_VVN to_II a_AT1 warming_JJ climate_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Then_RT all_DB the_AT obtained_VVN DNA_NN1 samples_NN2 were_VBDR kept_VVN in_II the_AT refrigerator_NN1 (_( -20_MC °C_NNU )_) for_IF the_AT next_MD further_JJR analysis_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Variations_NN2 in_II dust_NN1 colour_NN1 with_IW source_NN1 region_NN1 should_VM be_VBI adopted_VVN ,_, models_NN2 typically_RR assume_VV0 homogenous_JJ dust_NN1 mineral_NN1 composition_NN1 ,_, and_CC this_DD1 is_VBZ a_AT1 known_JJ source_NN1 of_IO large_JJ variability_NN1 in_II RF_NP1 ._. 
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<s>
Only_JJ months_NNT2 with_IW data_NN from_II both_DB2 the_AT collections_NN2 are_VBR taken_VVN into_II account_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT use_NN1 of_IO naturally_RR available_JJ building_NN1 blocks_NN2 for_IF the_AT preparation_NN1 of_IO high-performance_JJ polymers_NN2 is_VBZ attracting_VVG increasing_JJ interest_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
For_IF the_AT ease_NN1 of_IO operation_NN1 and_CC maintenance_NN1 ,_, the_AT membrane_NN1 control_NN1 should_VM be_VBI kept_VVN as_RG simple_JJ as_CSA possible_JJ (_( Muralidhara_NP1 2010_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
The_AT aim_NN1 is_VBZ to_TO "_" review_VVI ,_, evaluate_VV0 and_CC compare_VVI different_JJ developed_JJ processes_NN2 for_IF the_AT degradation_NN1 and_CC removal_NN1 of_IO antibiotics_NN2 in_II aqueous_JJ matrices_NN2 '_NULL (_( p._NNU 2304_MC )_) ,_, with_IW particular_JJ attention_NN1 to_II advanced_JJ oxidation_NN1 processes_NN2 (_( AOPs_NP2 )_) ._. 
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The_AT NO3_FO and_CC SO4_FO in_II the_AT MBR_NP1 and_CC ROC_NN1 would_VM not_XX compete_VVI with_IW PO4_FO in_II the_AT precipitation_NN1 of_IO struvite_NN1 because_CS MgSO4_FO and_CC Mg(NO3)2_FO are_VBR highly_RR soluble_JJ (_( MgSO4_FO solubility_NN1 product_NN1 Ksp_NP1 4.67_MC )_) compared_VVN to_II MgPO4_FO (_( Ksp_NP1 1_MC1 x_ZZ1 10-24_MCMC )_) or_CC struvite_NN1 (_( Ksp_NP1 3_MC x_ZZ1 10-13_MCMC )_) ._. 
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<s>
All_DB other_JJ reagents_NN2 were_VBDR analytical_JJ grade_NN1 and_CC used_VVN without_IW any_DD further_JJR purification_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Fig._NN1 6c_FO shows_VVZ the_AT effect_NN1 of_IO the_AT thermal_JJ treatment_NN1 on_II DP_NP1 photocatalytic_JJ degradation_NN1 with_IW the_AT samples_NN2 prepared_VVN with_IW a_AT1 fixed_JJ amount_NN1 of_IO urea_NN1 (_( 0.50_MC g_NNU )_) and_CC different_JJ calcination_NN1 temperatures_NN2 ,_, i._MC e._ZZ1 340_MC ,_, 380_MC ,_, and_CC 420_MC C._NP1 Mechanistic_JJ models_NN2 considering_II all_DB the_AT possible_JJ N2O_FO production_NN1 pathways_NN2 are_VBR powerful_JJ tools_NN2 to_TO describe_VVI the_AT operation_NN1 of_IO full-scale_JJ WWTPs_NP1 ,_, unveil_VV0 the_AT most_RGT contributive_JJ N2O_FO emission_NN1 generation_NN1 pathways_NN2 and_CC guide_VV0 towards_II mitigation_NN1 measures_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Finally_RR ,_, we_PPIS2 would_VM also_RR like_VVI to_TO note_VVI that_DD1 more_RGR complex_JJ air_NN1 stagnation_NN1 indices_NN2 have_VH0 recently_RR been_VBN developed_VVN but_CCB they_PPHS2 are_VBR specifically_RR adapted_VVN to_TO particulate_VVI matter_NN1 (_( e._ZZ1 g_ZZ1 ._. 
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<s>
Wang_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2016_MC ,_, 2018_MC ;_; Huang_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2018_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
The_AT delay_NN1 in_II onset_NN1 is_VBZ consistent_JJ with_IW a_AT1 vertical_JJ stability_NN1 increase_NN1 ,_, similar_JJ to_II a_AT1 developing_JJ El_NP1 Nino_NP1 event23_FO ._. 
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<s>
The_AT average_JJ ratio_NN1 of_IO organic_JJ :_: inorganic_JJ in_II the_AT first_MD three_MC bins_NN2 (_( inner_JJ phase_NN1 )_) and_CC the_AT last_MD three_MC bins_NN2 (_( outer_JJ phase_NN1 )_) were_VBDR used_VVN to_TO calculate_VVI the_AT percent_NNU thickness_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Before_CS the_AT dyeing_NN1 procedures_NN2 it_PPH1 contained_VVD (_( w/V_ZZ1 )_) 0.25%_FO of_IO a_AT1 cationic_JJ red_JJ dye_NN1 (_( Red_JJ Quimacryl_NP1 GRL_NP1 --_JJ powder_NN1 )_) ,_, 1%_NNU of_IO equalizing_VVG (_( not_XX specified_VVN )_) ,_, 10%_NNU of_IO NaCl_NN1 and_CC 1%_NNU of_IO acetic_JJ acid_NN1 ._. 
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Anoxygenic_JJ photosynthetic_JJ bacteria_NN2 use_VV0 hydrocarbons_NN2 as_CSA carbon-and_CC electron_NN1 sources_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
In_II fact_NN1 ,_, a_AT1 larger_JJR degree_NN1 of_IO conversion_NN1 of_IO the_AT softer_JJR CaO_NN1 into_II the_AT harder_JJR CaCO3_FO makes_VVZ the_AT particle_NN1 outer_JJ shell_NN1 more_RGR resistant_JJ to_II surface_NN1 wear_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Therefore_RR ,_, there_EX could_VM be_VBI interactions_NN2 between_II the_AT carboxylic_JJ groups_NN2 and_CC Ca2+_FO during_II RO_NP1 fouling_VVG ,_, generating_VVG a_AT1 crosslinked_JJ macromolecular_JJ network_NN1 ,_, increasing_JJ membrane_NN1 hydraulic_JJ resistance_NN1 ,_, and_CC reducing_VVG water_NN1 permeation_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT applied_JJ dialysis_NN1 voltage_NN1 was_VBDZ 2_MC V_NNU ,_, and_CC the_AT duration_NN1 of_IO dialysis_NN1 was_VBDZ 24_MC h_ZZ1 ._. 
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Thus_RR lower_JJR thermal_JJ energy_NN1 is_VBZ required_VVN for_IF the_AT polymer_NN1 chain_NN1 to_II mobile_NN1 and_CC decompose_VV0 ._. 
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<s>
Direct_JJ roles_NN2 in_II plant_NN1 nutrition_NN1 ,_, such_II21 as_II22 those_DD2 that_CST occur_VV0 via_II mutualisms_NN2 and_CC the_AT ability_NN1 to_TO mobilize_VVI key_JJ nutrients_NN2 ,_, are_VBR well_RR known_VVN ,_, but_CCB other_JJ more_RGR indirect_JJ effects_NN2 on_II human_JJ health_NN1 are_VBR only_RR just_RR beginning_VVG to_TO be_VBI explored_VVN ._. 
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<s>
The_AT resultant_JJ stannic_JJ chloride_NN1 concentration_NN1 in_II anolyte_NN1 and_CC the_AT mass_NN1 of_IO deposited_VVN tin_NN1 on_II the_AT cathode_NN1 were_VBDR also_RR determined_VVN ._. 
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<s>
Within_II EcoHealth_NP1 ,_, one_MC1 source_NN1 explicitly_RR discussed_VVD the_AT approach_NN1 in_II31 terms_II32 of_II33 critical_JJ theory_NN1 views_NN2 of_IO reality_NN1 (_( Vansteenkiste_NP1 ,_, 2014_MC )_) ,_, while_CS Albrecht_NP1 et_RA21 al_RA22 ._. 
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<s>
(_( 2008_MC )_) defined_VVD EcoHealth_NP1 in_II31 terms_II32 of_II33 critical_JJ realism_NN1 ,_, a_AT1 post-positivist_JJ paradigm_NN1 that_CST claims_VVZ ontological_JJ realism_NN1 and_CC epistemological_JJ relativism_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Unfortunately_RR ,_, the_AT low_JJ electrical_JJ conductivity_NN1 and_CC aggregation_NN1 of_IO atomic_JJ layers_NN2 limit_VV0 its_APPGE large-scale_JJ applications_NN2 in_II supercapacitors_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Further_RRR in_RR21 vitro_RR22 and_CC in_JJ21 vivo_JJ22 studies_NN2 are_VBR warranted_VVN to_TO clarify_VVI the_AT mechanism_NN1 involved_VVD ._. 
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Quantify_VV0 the_AT effects_NN2 of_IO natural_JJ disasters_NN2 like_II earth_NN1 quake_NN1 ,_, drought_NN1 on_II human_JJ health_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
As_CSA shown_VVN in_II Fig._NN1 7b_FO ,_, the_AT SCG-structured_JJ anode_NN1 exhibits_VVZ a_AT1 stable_JJ and_CC uniform_JJ lithium_NN1 deposition_NN1 and_CC dissolution_NN1 providing_VVG the_AT novel_JJ lithiumsulfur_NN1 battery_NN1 with_IW high_JJ efficiency_NN1 and_CC stable_JJ utilization_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
However_RR ,_, as_CSA a_AT1 first_MD threshold_NN1 of_IO meteorological_JJ conditions_NN2 ,_, atmospheric_JJ condensation_NN1 ,_, which_DDQ is_VBZ directly_RR related_VVN to_II fog_NN1 and_CC haze_NN1 ,_, must_VM satisfy_VVI the_AT consistent_JJ transformation_NN1 rules_NN2 of_IO physics_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT thermal_JJ conductivity_NN1 of_IO polymer_NN1 and_CC gas_NN1 (_( usually_RR air_NN1 )_) is_VBZ used_VVN to_TO assess_VVI the_AT membrane_NN1 thermal_JJ conductivity_NN1 ._. 
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Of_IO the_AT four_MC mechanisms_NN2 proposed_VVN by_II Kleinhans_NN2 et_RA21 al_RA22 ._. 
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<s>
(_( 2012_MC )_) to_TO control_VVI anastomose_NN1 formation_NN1 ,_, only_RR three_MC are_VBR relevant_JJ to_II the_AT River_NNL1 Narew_NP1 :_: a_AT1 rise_NN1 in_II downstream_JJ base_NN1 level_NN1 ,_, high_JJ sediment_NN1 inputs_NN2 from_II upstream_RL ,_, and_CC the_AT increased_JJ flow_NN1 efficiency_NN1 of_IO multiple_JJ channels_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Longitudinal_JJ ,_, controlled_VVN or_CC repeated_VVN (_( in_II conditions_NN2 of_IO different_JJ drought_NN1 exposure_NN1 levels_NN2 )_) cross-sectional_JJ studies_NN2 were_VBDR generally_RR viewed_VVN as_CSA providing_VVG stronger_JJR evidence_NN1 (_( Table_NN1 4_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
Ample_JJ evidence_NN1 from_II environmental_JJ and_CC occupational_JJ exposure_NN1 studies_NN2 indicates_VVZ that_DD1 clothing_NN1 can_VM act_VVI as_II an_AT1 important_JJ source_NN1 of_IO particle-borne_JJ agents_NN2 that_CST contribute_VV0 to_II human_JJ exposures_NN2 ._. 
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It_PPH1 can_VM be_VBI seen_VVN that_CST the_AT feed_NN1 rejection_NN1 decreases_VVZ as_RG applied_JJ pressure_NN1 increases_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
During_II the_AT selective_JJ cation_NN1 separation_NN1 ,_, the_AT existence_NN1 of_IO divalent_JJ cations_NN2 such_II21 as_II22 Mg2+_FO causes_VVZ scaling_VVG on_II the_AT membranes_NN2 '_NULL surface_NN1 in_II the_AT ED_NP1 process_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
A_AT1 study_NN1 reported_VVD that_CST rapid_JJ dissolution_NN1 of_IO chromite_NN1 and_CC subsequent_JJ oxidation_NN1 of_IO Cr(III)_NN1 to_II Cr(VI)_NP1 might_VM occur_VVI in_II the_AT presence_NN1 of_IO birnessite_NN1 (_( Oze_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2007_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
As_CSA mentioned_VVN earlier_RRR ,_, various_JJ modeling_NN1 approaches_NN2 have_VH0 been_VBN used_VVN for_IF MD_NN1 process_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Using_VVG nanoscale_NN1 secondary_NN1 ion_NN1 mass_NN1 spectroscopy_NN1 (_( NanoSIMS_NP1 )_) and_CC a_AT1 novel_JJ digital_JJ image_NN1 processing_NN1 routine_NN1 adapted_VVN from_II remote_JJ sensing_NN1 (_( consisting_VVG of_IO image_NN1 preprocessing_VVG ,_, endmember_NN1 extraction_NN1 ,_, and_CC a_AT1 supervised_JJ classification_NN1 )_) ,_, we_PPIS2 extensively_RR analyzed_VVD the_AT spatial_JJ distribution_NN1 of_IO secondary_JJ ions_NN2 that_CST are_VBR characteristic_JJ of_IO mineral_NN1 and_CC organic_JJ soil_NN1 components_NN2 on_II the_AT submicrometer_JJR scale_NN1 in_II an_AT1 intact_JJ soil_NN1 aggregate_NN1 (_( 40_MC measurements_NN2 ,_, each_DD1 covering_VVG an_AT1 area_NN1 of_IO 30_MC jum_NN1 X_ZZ1 30_MC jum_NN1 with_IW a_AT1 lateral_JJ resolution_NN1 of_IO 100_MC nm_FU X_MC 100_MC nm_FU )_) ._. 
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<s>
This_DD1 study_NN1 concentrates_VVZ on_II the_AT recycling_NN1 of_IO graphite_NN1 anodes_NN2 and_CC proposes_VVZ a_AT1 new_JJ strategy_NN1 ,_, i._MC e._ZZ1 ,_, reusing_VVG the_AT exhausted_JJ electrode_NN1 material_NN1 from_II spent_JJ LIBs_NN2 into_II advanced_JJ next-generation_JJ batteries_NN2 ,_, such_II21 as_II22 Na-ion_JJ batteries_NN2 (_( NIBs_NN2 )_) and_CC K-ion_JJ batteries_NN2 (_( KIBs_NP2 )_) ._. 
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<s>
Notably_RR ,_, ethanol_NN1 concentration_NN1 and_CC yield_VV0 in_II SSF_NP1 of_IO SECS_NNU2 with_IW post-washing_NN1 was_VBDZ 39.6-51.2%_FO and_CC 11.7-20.6%_FO ,_, respectively_RR ,_, higher_JJR than_CSN that_DD1 of_IO SECS_NNU2 without_IW post-washing_NN1 at_II different_JJ particle_NN1 sizes_NN2 ._. 
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After_II introducing_VVG a_AT1 number_NN1 of_IO definitions_NN2 and_CC issues_NN2 specific_JJ to_II carbonaceous_JJ sorbents_NN2 and_CC IOCs_NN2 ,_, we_PPIS2 then_RT describe_VV0 relevant_JJ sorption_NN1 mechanisms_NN2 and_CC critically_RR evaluate_VV0 the_AT lines_NN2 of_IO evidence_NN1 available_JJ to_TO support_VVI their_APPGE occurrence_NN1 ._. 
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The_AT total_NN1 OH_UH reactivity_NN1 of_IO the_AT secondary_JJ products_NN2 was_VBDZ evaluated_VVN from_II the_AT difference_NN1 between_II the_AT measured_JJ total_NN1 OH_UH reactivity_NN1 and_CC the_AT OH_UH reactivity_NN1 of_IO the_AT reactants_NN2 ,_, as_CSA described_VVN below_RL ._. 
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<s>
However_RR ,_, for_IF most_DAT countries_NN2 ,_, we_PPIS2 relied_VVD on_II data_NN compiled_VVN by_II international_JJ organizations_NN2 containing_VVG unknown_JJ uncertainties_NN2 that_CST make_VV0 it_PPH1 difficult_JJ to_TO communicate_VVI the_AT uncertainty_NN1 in_II these_DD2 results_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Normally_RR ,_, the_AT deep_JJ discharge_NN1 process_NN1 will_VM facilitate_VVI the_AT formation_NN1 of_IO ZnO_NN1 with_IW poor_JJ electrical_JJ conductivity_NN1 ,_, promoting_VVG the_AT passivation_NN1 process_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT viability_NN1 of_IO MRC-5_MC cells_NN2 and_CC MDA-MB-231_NP1 cells_NN2 in_II the_AT V-spiked_JJ medium_NN1 was_VBDZ almost_RR identical_JJ to_II that_DD1 in_II the_AT carbon_NN1 black_JJ waste_NN1 extract_NN1 having_VHG the_AT same_DA V_ZZ1 concentration_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
DF1_FO is_VBZ a_AT1 PAO_NN1 competitor_NN1 with_IW GAO_NP1 metabolism_NN1 and_CC propionic_JJ acid_NN1 as_CSA preferred_JJ carbon_NN1 source_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT photocatalytic_JJ decomposition_NN1 of_IO the_AT Acid_NN1 brown_NN1 14_MC was_VBDZ carried_VVN out_RP in_II a_AT1 beaker_NN1 containing_VVG a_AT1 suspension_NN1 of_IO 0.6_MC mg/mL_NNU of_IO ZnSO3_FO nanoparticles_NN2 which_DDQ were_VBDR added_VVN in_II 50_MC mL_NNU Acid_NN1 brown_NN1 14_MC (_( 20_MC mg/L_NNU )_) solution_NN1 under_II UV_JJ light_JJ irradiation_NN1 (_( power_NN1 of_IO UV_JJ light_NN1 was_VBDZ 400_MC W_ZZ1 )_) ._. 
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<s>
Although_CS its_APPGE implementation_NN1 involves_VVZ the_AT active_JJ participation_NN1 of_IO various_JJ actors_NN2 ,_, the_AT EPR_NP1 allocated_VVD to_II the_AT producers_NN2 exerts_VVZ a_AT1 fundamental_JJ role_NN1 in_II integrated_JJ waste_NN1 management_NN1 effectiveness.3_FO EPR_NP1 makes_VVZ it_PPH1 possible_JJ to_TO share_VVI responsibilities_NN2 among_II different_JJ groups_NN2 of_IO stakeholders_NN2 depending_II21 on_II22 the_AT perceived_JJ damage_NN1 caused_VVN by_II the_AT generated_JJ waste_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
This_DD1 could_VM mean_VVI that_CST there_EX are_VBR other_JJ eukaryotic_JJ organisms_NN2 in_II the_AT vast_JJ repository_NN1 native_NN1 to_II New_NP1 Zealand_NP1 that_CST lack_VV0 this_DD1 second_NNT1 tier_NN1 of_IO biochemistry_NN1 modulating_VVG the_AT response_NN1 ,_, or_CC natural_JJ mutants_NN2 that_CST lack_VV0 it_PPH1 ._. 
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<s>
To_TO function_VVI as_RG chemical_JJ cues_NN2 ,_, these_DD2 compounds_NN2 are_VBR soluble_JJ in_II low_JJ concentrations_NN2 and_CC can_VM diffuse_VVI in_II seawater_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT initial_JJ limiting_JJ current_JJ density_NN1 was_VBDZ experimentally_RR determined_VVN to_TO be_VBI 41.7_MC Am-2_MC for_IF the_AT sugar_NN1 cane_NN1 juice_NN1 ,_, 259.4_MC Am-2_MC for_IF the_AT lignocellulosic_JJ effluent_NN1 ,_, 420_MC A_ZZ1 m_ZZ1 --_JJ 2_MC for_IF molasses_NN1 effluent_NN1 (_( C_ZZ1 )_) ,_, 237_MC A_ZZ1 m_ZZ1 --_JJ 2_MC for_IF molasses_NN1 effluent_NN1 (_( A_ZZ1 )_) and_CC estimated_VVD to_TO be_VBI 1270_MC Am_RA --_NN1 2_MC for_IF molasses_NN1 effluent_NN1 (_( B_ZZ1 )_) ._. 
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One_MC1 of_IO the_AT most_RGT important_JJ results_NN2 obtained_VVN in_II this_DD1 study_NN1 is_VBZ the_AT high_JJ pollution_NN1 at_II the_AT Akyatan_JJ location_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
In_II summary_NN1 ,_, 3_MC novel_JJ monomers_NN2 were_VBDR introduced_VVN in_II recent_JJ years_NNT2 including_II PTC_NP1 ,_, disulfonatedbis&lsqb;4-_NN1 (_( 3-aminophenoxy_NN1 )_) phenyl_NN1 &rsqb;_) sulfone_VV0 and_CC SDADPS_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT very_RG first_MD step_NN1 involves_VVZ the_AT preconditioning_NN1 of_IO the_AT membrane_NN1 surface_NN1 by_II the_AT adsorption_NN1 of_IO macromolecules_NN2 ,_, e._ZZ1 g._NNU ,_, protein_NN1 ,_, polysaccharide_VV0 ,_, and_CC smaller_JJR molecules_NN2 ,_, e._ZZ1 g._NNU ,_, lipids_NN2 and_CC fatty_JJ acid_NN1 as_II31 well_II32 as_II33 other_JJ components_NN2 such_II21 as_II22 polyaromatic_JJ hydrocarbons_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
In_II this_DD1 work_NN1 ,_, statistical_JJ analyses_NN2 of_IO these_DD2 measurements_NN2 are_VBR integrated_VVN with_IW air-mass_JJ back_NN1 trajectory_NN1 data_NN to_TO characterise_VVI the_AT '_NULL chemical_JJ climate_NN1 '_NULL associated_VVN with_IW the_AT long-term_JJ health-relevant_JJ PM_NP1 metrics_NN2 at_II these_DD2 sites_NN2 ._. 
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Both_DB2 the_AT stills_NN2 were_VBDR maintained_VVN at_II 1_MC1 cm_NNU of_IO water_NN1 level_NN1 depth_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Furthermore_RR ,_, the_AT presence_NN1 of_IO the_AT highly_RR flammable_JJ organic_JJ electrolyte_NN1 renders_VVZ the_AT present_JJ LIB_NN1 technology_NN1 prone_JJ to_II a_AT1 dangerous_JJ event_NN1 called_VVN "_" thermal_JJ runaway_NN1 "_" ._. 
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<s>
These_DD2 microcolonies_NN2 allow_VV0 for_IF the_AT attachment_NN1 of_IO further_JJR species_NN which_DDQ can_VM result_VVI in_II a_AT1 multi-layered_JJ ,_, multispecies_NN2 biofilm_VV0 ._. 
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<s>
In_II acidic_JJ conditions_NN2 ,_, the_AT negatively_RR charged_VVD PLGA_NP1 block_NN1 gets_VVZ protonated_JJ and_CC the_AT charged_JJ coil_NN1 is_VBZ transformed_VVN into_II a_AT1 neutral_JJ and_CC more_RGR compact_JJ a-helix_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Instead_RR ,_, biomass_NN1 will_VM be_VBI procured_VVN from_II a_AT1 large_JJ area_NN1 surrounding_VVG the_AT chemical_JJ production_NN1 facility_NN1 ._. 
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Finally_RR ,_, 100%_NNU flux_NN1 recovery_NN1 was_VBDZ observed_VVN at_II 240_MC min_NNU ._. 
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A_AT1 two-step_JJ oxidation_NN1 mechanism_NN1 of_IO Hg(0)_FO initiated_VVN by_II Br_NP1 was_VBDZ used_VVN ._. 
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<s>
The_AT obtained_VVN products_NN2 were_VBDR denoted_VVN as_CSA catalyst-1_MC1 to_II catalyst-13_MC according_II21 to_II22 the_AT different_JJ composition_NN1 of_IO emulsion_NN1 templates_NN2 (_( Table_NN1 1_MC1 )_) ._. 
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<s>
The_AT authors_NN2 claimed_VVD that_CST this_DD1 method_NN1 allows_VVZ measurement_NN1 of_IO the_AT local_JJ distribution_NN1 of_IO convective_JJ heat_NN1 transfer_NN1 coefficients_NN2 ,_, the_AT results_NN2 of_IO which_DDQ can_VM provide_VVI useful_JJ data_NN on_II strength_NN1 and_CC weaknesses_NN2 of_IO some_DD spacer_NN1 arrangements_NN2 and_CC also_RR benchmark_NN1 data_NN for_IF CFD_NP1 studies_NN2 of_IO the_AT MD_NN1 process_NN1 ._. 
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The_AT spatial_JJ correlations_NN2 between_II HEIDI_NP1 and_CC the_AT other_JJ indexes_NN2 may_VM be_VBI moderate_JJ for_IF different_JJ reasons_NN2 ._. 
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The_AT estrogenic_JJ effect_NN1 is_VBZ one_MC1 of_IO the_AT important_JJ biological_JJ impacts_NN2 of_IO PAEs_NP2 on_II wildlife_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Fig._NN1 3_MC depicts_VVZ a_AT1 relatively_RR good_JJ agreement_NN1 of_IO the_AT measured_JJ data_NN and_CC model_NN1 predictions_NN2 ,_, whereas_CS minor_JJ discrepancy_NN1 may_VM be_VBI contributed_VVN to_II the_AT Step_NN1 1_MC1 model_NN1 being_VBG regressed_VVN simultaneously_RR to_II all_DB experiments_NN2 ,_, rendering_VVG a_AT1 slight_JJ overestimation_NN1 to_II some_DD concentrations_NN2 (_( e._ZZ1 g._NNU 4-chlorostyrene_NN1 in_II Fig._NN1 3d_NNU )_) ,_, while_CS underestimating_VVG the_AT others_NN2 (_( e._ZZ1 g._NNU 4-chlorostyrene_NN1 in_II Fig._NN1 3a_FO )_) ._. 
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<s>
A_AT1 good_JJ number_NN1 of_IO the_AT reported_JJ aerogels_NN2 are_VBR prepared_VVN from_II nanocellulose_NN1 ,_, which_DDQ Liu_NP1 et_RA21 al_RA22 ._. 
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<s>
have_VH0 recently_RR reviewed_VVN (_( Liu_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2017_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
Among_II six_MC amino_NN1 acids_NN2 ,_, cysteine_NN1 showed_VVD highest_JJT capacity_NN1 for_IF elimination_NN1 of_IO these_DD2 toxic_JJ compounds_NN2 through_II the_AT formation_NN1 of_IO adducts_NN2 ;_; it_PPH1 reached_VVD the_AT highest_JJT elimination_NN1 capacity_NN1 for_IF GO_VV0 ,_, MGO_NP1 ,_, ACR_NP1 ,_, MDA_NP1 ,_, and_CC HMF_NP1 in_II 40_MC min_NNU at_II pH_NN1 2.0_MC ,_, and_CC 20_MC min_NNU at_II pH_NN1 7.0_MC ._. 
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<s>
When_CS in_II disagreement_NN1 ,_, the_AT percentage_NN1 of_IO chemicals_NN2 overestimated_VVN as_CSA PBT_NP1 by_II the_AT PBT_NP1 Index_NN1 in_II comparison_NN1 to_II the_AT PBT_NP1 Profiler_NP1 is_VBZ still_RR higher_JJR than_CSN the_AT contrary_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Integrals_NN2 of_IO the_AT peaks_NN2 were_VBDR used_VVN to_TO calculate_VVI the_AT number_NN1 average_JJ molecular_JJ weight_NN1 through_II 1H_FO NMR_NP1 analysis_NN1 (_( MnNMR_NP1 )_) ,_, by_II normalizing_VVG all_DB the_AT values_NN2 to_TO peak_VVI a_AT1 ._. 
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<s>
However_RR ,_, it_PPH1 was_VBDZ concluded_VVN that_CST the_AT introduction_NN1 of_IO baffles_NN2 into_II DCMD_NP1 membrane_NN1 module_NN1 can_VM greatly_RR enhance_VVI the_AT mass_JJ flux_NN1 and_CC temperature_NN1 polarization_NN1 coefficient_NN1 for_IF a_AT1 membrane_NN1 with_IW a_AT1 high_JJ Cvalue_NN1 where_CS the_AT main_JJ heat_NN1 transfer_NN1 resistance_NN1 is_VBZ determined_VVN by_II the_AT fluid_NN1 side_NN1 boundary_NN1 layers_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
According_II21 to_II22 the_AT study_NN1 done_VDN by_II Mehdizadeh_NP1 ,_, this_DD1 hybrid_JJ FO-NF_JJ process_NN1 was_VBDZ tested_VVN to_TO have_VHI several_DA2 advantages_NN2 over_II standalone_NN1 RO_NN1 process_NN1 ,_, such_II21 as_II22 lower_JJR hydraulic_JJ pressure_NN1 ,_, lower_JJR membrane_NN1 fouling_VVG propensity_NN1 ,_, lesser_JJ flux_NN1 decline_NN1 and_CC higher_JJR flux_NN1 recovery_NN1 after_II cleaning_NN1 ._. 
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Methanol_NN1 is_VBZ not_XX only_RR one_MC1 of_IO the_AT fundamental_JJ compound_NN1 for_IF C-1_FO chemistry_NN1 and_CC raw_JJ material_NN1 for_IF organic_JJ industry_NN1 ,_, but_CCB also_RR a_AT1 novel_JJ environmental_JJ friendly_JJ clean_JJ power_NN1 source_NN1 ,_, it_PPH1 has_VHZ been_VBN generally_RR used_VVN in_II the_AT following_JJ areas_NN2 such_II21 as_II22 chemical_JJ engineering_NN1 ,_, plastic_NN1 ,_, dye_NN1 ,_, synthetic_JJ fiber_NN1 ,_, pesticide_NN1 ,_, textile_NN1 and_CC defense_NN1 industry_NN1 ._. 
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The_AT stable_JJ Hy-Aci_JJ rates_NN2 ,_, which_DDQ depend_VV0 on_II the_AT buffering_JJ capacity_NN1 of_IO the_AT system_NN1 ,_, were_VBDR achieved_VVN with_IW constant_JJ VFA_NN1 production_NN1 from_II FW_NP1 ._. 
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In_II investigated_JJ cryoconite_NN1 holes_NN2 ,_, two_MC groups_NN2 of_IO invertebrates_NN2 ,_, both_DB2 extrem-ophiles_NN2 ,_, Tardigrada_NP1 and_CC Rotifera_NP1 were_VBDR detected_VVN ._. 
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<s>
Observations_NN2 and_CC modelling_NN1 show_VV0 that_DD1 surface_NN1 melt_NN1 occurs_VVZ on_II some_DD smaller_JJR ice_NN1 shelves44,47,48_FO ,_, but_CCB also_RR that_CST this_DD1 may_VM not_XX be_VBI a_AT1 recent_JJ phenomenon49_FO ._. 
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The_AT authors_NN2 have_VH0 used_VVN a_AT1 total_JJ membrane_NN1 area_NN1 of_IO 300_MC m2_FO and_CC have_VH0 observed_VVN no_AT problem_NN1 of_IO scaling_NN1 or_CC biofouling_VVG over_RP a_AT1 period_NN1 of_IO 4-14_MCMC months_NNT2 ._. 
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However_RR ,_, very_RG little_DA1 data_NN was_VBDZ recorded_VVN on_II SB_NP1 composting_NN1 (_( Wahietal._NP1 2018_MC )_) ._. 
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X-ray_NN1 photoelectron_NN1 spectroscopy_NN1 (_( XPS_NP1 )_) was_VBDZ performed_VVN on_II a_AT1 Kratos_NP1 Axis_NN1 HSi_NN1 instrument_NN1 fitted_VVN with_IW a_AT1 charge_NN1 neutraliser_NN1 and_CC magnetic_JJ focusing_JJ lens_NN1 employing_VVG Al_NP1 Ka_NP1 monochromated_VVD radiation_NN1 (_( 1486.7_MC eV_NN1 )_) ._. 
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Essential_JJ macronutrients_NN2 such_II21 as_II22 K_ZZ1 ,_, Zn_NP1 ,_, Fe_NP1 ,_, Mn_FO ,_, Ni_NP1 and_CC Cu_FO were_VBDR found_VVN higher_RRR in_II EFB_NN1 compared_VVN to_II SB_NP1 compost_NN1 (_( Table_NN1 2_MC )_) ._. 
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If_CS cleavage_NN1 is_VBZ between_II the_AT hydroxyl_NN1 groups_NN2 then_RT it_PPH1 is_VBZ referred_VVN as_CSA meta-cleavage_JJ and_CC if_CS cleavage_NN1 is_VBZ before_II the_AT hydroxyl_NN1 groups_NN2 then_RT it_PPH1 is_VBZ referred_VVN as_CSA ortho-cleavage_JJ yielding_JJ protocatechuate_NN1 and_CC catechol_VV0 that_CST can_VM be_VBI further_RRR converted_VVN to_II tricarboxylic_JJ acid_NN1 cycle_NN1 (_( TCA_NP1 )_) intermediates_NN2 (_( Abbasian_JJ et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2015_MC ;_; Waigi_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2015_MC )_) ._. 
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The_AT theoretically_RR optimized_JJ UV_JJ reactor_NN1 had_VHD been_VBN experimentally_RR proved_VVN to_TO exhibit_VVI the_AT highest_JJT disinfection_NN1 efficiency_NN1 and_CC the_AT lowest_JJT energy_NN1 consumption_NN1 ._. 
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In_II rural_JJ environments_NN2 ,_, drainage_NN1 of_IO wetland_NN1 and_CC peat_NN1 bogs_NN2 often_RR threats_NN2 the_AT stability_NN1 and_CC survival_NN1 of_IO organic_JJ archaeological_JJ remains_NN2 ._. 
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In_II recent_JJ years_NNT2 ,_, a_AT1 rich_JJ variety_NN1 of_IO new_JJ membrane_NN1 materials_NN2 have_VH0 been_VBN considered_VVN ,_, including_II carbon_NN1 nanotubes_NN2 ,_, graphene_NN1 ,_, aquaporin_NN1 ,_, self-assembled_JJ surfactants_NN2 ,_, and_CC synthetic_JJ water_NN1 channels_NN2 ._. 
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Given_CS21 that_CS22 the_AT key_JJ estimated_JJ factor_NN1 is_VBZ the_AT ratio_NN1 of_IO well_RR use_VV0 to_II public_JJ supply_NN1 ,_, the_AT lower_JJR 1990_MC estimate_NN1 of_IO 5.7%_FO indicates_VVZ that_CST the_AT ratio_NN1 remained_VVD relatively_RR constant_JJ from_II 1980_MC to_II 1990_MC ._. 
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These_DD2 field_NN1 results_NN2 showed_VVD that_DD1 soil_NN1 application_NN1 ofZn_NN1 mightbe_VV0 an_AT1 effective_JJ option_NN1 to_TO reduce_VVI Cd_NN1 concentration_NN1 in_II rice_NN1 but_CCB the_AT response_NN1 varies_VVZ with_IW Zn_NP1 sources_NN2 ._. 
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The_AT speciation_NN1 of_IO heavy_JJ metals_NN2 in_II bio-oils_NN2 indicates_VVZ that_CST the_AT percentages_NN2 of_IO the_AT F1_FO fractions_NN2 of_IO Cu_FO ,_, Cd_NN1 ,_, Pb_FO ,_, and_CC Zn_NP1 in_II SSO_NP1 were_VBDR all_DB at_II a_AT1 relative_JJ high_JJ level_NN1 (_( Fig_NN1 ._. 
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S3_FO )_) ,_, which_DDQ may_VM probably_RR due_II21 to_II22 their_APPGE high_JJ levels_NN2 in_II the_AT raw_JJ material_NN1 SS_NP1 (_( Fig._NN1 3_MC )_) and_CC the_AT reason_NN1 that_CST high_JJ content_NN1 of_IO heavy_JJ fraction_NN1 bio-oil_NN1 was_VBDZ observed_VVN in_II SSO_NP1 (_( Fig._NN1 2(b)_FO )_) ._. 
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The_AT classification_NN1 for_IF dominance_NN1 was_VBDZ mainly_RR based_VVN on_II number_NN1 of_IO individuals_NN2 ;_; however_RR ,_, biomass_NN1 was_VBDZ also_RR commonly_RR used_VVN ._. 
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As_CS31 long_CS32 as_CS33 many_DA2 of_IO HEV_VH0 characteristics_NN2 remain_VV0 unknown_JJ or_CC poorly_RR known_VVN ,_, methods_NN2 to_TO study_VVI the_AT virus_NN1 will_VM be_VBI difficult_JJ to_TO implement_VVI ._. 
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Heat_NN1 transfer_NN1 happens_VVZ in_II the_AT liquid_NN1 ,_, solid_JJ and_CC gas_NN1 phases_NN2 ,_, while_CS mass_JJ transfer_NN1 only_RR takes_VVZ place_NN1 in_II the_AT liquid_NN1 and_CC gas_NN1 phases_NN2 ._. 
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Fig._NN1 1(c)_FO at_II 695_MC °C_NNU showed_VVD the_AT well-developed_JJ TCNFs_NP1 with_IW long_JJ and_CC thin_JJ fiber_NN1 ._. 
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For_IF both_DB2 of_IO them_PPHO2 ,_, there_EX does_VDZ exist_VVI an_AT1 optimum_JJ air-liquid_JJ ratio_NN1 for_IF hydrocyclone_NN1 separation_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
However_RR ,_, the_AT main_JJ limitation_NN1 of_IO this_DD1 study_NN1 is_VBZ that_CST relatively_RR small_JJ number_NN1 of_IO soils_NN2 (_( total_NN1 14_MC )_) were_VBDR used_VVN in_II the_AT study_NN1 ;_; 8_MC soils_NN2 were_VBDR used_VVN for_IF training_VVG the_AT model_NN1 ,_, 5_MC for_IF calibrating_VVG the_AT model_NN1 and_CC only_RR one_MC1 for_IF verifying_VVG the_AT model_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Pyrosequencing_NP1 was_VBDZ used_VVN for_IF the_AT first_MD time_NNT1 to_TO investigate_VVI microbial_JJ communities_NN2 on_II stone_NN1 by_II Cutler_NP1 et_RA21 al_RA22 ._. 
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(_( 2013_MC )_) and_CC on_II mural_NN1 paintings_NN2 by_II Rosado_NP1 et_RA21 al_RA22 ._. 
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(_( 2014_MC )_) ._. 
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However_RR ,_, unlike_II Praetorius_NP1 et_RA21 al_RA22 ._. 
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(_( 2012_MC )_) ,_, Salieri_NP1 (_( 2013_MC )_) did_VDD not_XX account_VVI for_IF the_AT size_NN1 distribution_NN1 of_IO SPM_NP1 ._. 
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<s>
We_PPIS2 identify_VV0 4,051_MC studies_NN2 to_II date_NN1 and_CC make_VV0 them_PPHO2 available_JJ for_IF systematic_JJ assessments_NN2 in_II the_AT future_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Available_JJ study_NN1 information_NN1 was_VBDZ not_XX sufficiently_RR comprehensive_JJ to_TO allow_VVI for_IF consideration_NN1 of_IO these_DD2 variables_NN2 within_II our_APPGE meta-analysis_NN1 and_CC we_PPIS2 were_VBDR thus_RR restricted_VVN to_TO endpoint_VVI data_NN (_( EC50_FO and_CC NOEC_NP1 )_) that_CST we_PPIS2 derived_VVN from_II reliable_JJ studies_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Microplastics_NN2 have_VH0 been_VBN detected_VVN in_II a_AT1 wide_JJ variety_NN1 of_IO habitats_NN2 in_II the_AT ocean_NN1 from_II shallow_JJ coasts_NN2 to_II the_AT deep_JJ sea_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Unfortunately_RR ,_, there_EX is_VBZ a_AT1 common_JJ phenomenon_NN1 called_VVN fouling_VVG that_DD1 is_VBZ considered_VVN one_MC1 of_IO the_AT major_JJ drawbacks_NN2 that_CST affect_VV0 the_AT performance_NN1 of_IO MBR_NP1 ,_, due_JJ to_TO permeate_VVI flux_NN1 reduction_NN1 ,_, permeability_NN1 ,_, and_CC membrane_NN1 selectivity_NN1 modification_NN1 ,_, as_CSA solids_NN2 deposit_VV0 and_CC accumulate_VV0 on_II the_AT membrane_NN1 surface_NN1 acting_VVG as_II a_AT1 secondary_JJ membrane_NN1 that_CST avoids_VVZ the_AT permeation_NN1 of_IO the_AT desired_JJ compounds_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Applicability_NN1 of_IO the_AT GAEZ_NN1 model_NN1 in_II China_NP1 has_VHZ been_VBN verified_VVN extensively_RR with_IW relevant_JJ parameters_NN2 revised_VVN (_( Liu_NP1 et_RA21 al_RA22 ._. 
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<s>
2015_MC ;_; Xuet_NP1 al_NP1 ._. 
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2017_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Subtraction_NN1 of_IO the_AT c-type_JJ cytochromes_NN2 spectrum_NN1 (_( normalized_VVN at_II 1361_MC cm-1_MC1 using_VVG the_AT spectrum_NN1 from_II Fig_NN1 ._. 
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S7_FO ,_, ESI_NP1 )_) from_II the_AT total_JJ spectrum_NN1 collected_VVN at_II the_AT center_NN1 of_IO the_AT cell_NN1 cluster_NN1 yields_VVZ a_AT1 derived_JJ spectrum_NN1 for_IF the_AT proposed_JJ Fe-S_NP2 cluster_VV0 in_II the_AT high_JJ frequency_NN1 area_NN1 (_( Fig._NN1 9B_FO )_) that_DD1 is_VBZ identical_JJ to_II the_AT spectrum_NN1 collected_VVN at_II the_AT outer_JJ region_NN1 of_IO the_AT fully_RR grown_VVN biofilm_NN1 (_( Fig._NN1 7A_FO )_) ,_, suggesting_VVG that_CST the_AT two_MC derived_JJ spectra_NN2 are_VBR associated_VVN with_IW the_AT same_DA unknown_JJ molecule_NN1 ._. 
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The_AT time_NNT1 needed_VVN to_TO fully_RR sodiate/_VVI desodiate_VV0 a_AT1 50_MC nm_FU "_" deep_JJ "_" selenium_NN1 phase_NN1 inside_II a_AT1 100_MC nm_FU CCN_NP1 sheet_NN1 would_VM be_VBI 400_MC times_NNT2 less_RRR than_CSN if_CS the_AT selenium_NN1 was_VBDZ similarly_RR loaded_VVN into_II the_AT pores_NN2 of_IO a_AT1 1_MC1 mm_NNU activated_JJ carbon_NN1 particle_NN1 ._. 
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The_AT PIS_NN2 method_NN1 was_VBDZ used_VVN to_TO evaluate_VVI the_AT formation_NN1 of_IO the_AT polar_JJ halogenated_VVD DBPs_NP1 in_II the_AT two_MC AC-related_JJ approaches_NN2 ,_, and_CC thus_RR the_AT decrease_NN1 in_II DBP_NP1 formation_NN1 with_IW different_JJ approaches_NN2 could_VM be_VBI characterized_VVN and_CC compared_VVN ._. 
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The_AT structural_JJ analysis_NN1 of_IO the_AT as-formed_JJ Zn-HNT_NN1 ,_, M-HA_UH and_CC Zn-HNT/M-HA_JJ bilayer_NN1 coatings_NN2 on_II Ti6Al4V_FO samples_VVZ respectively_RR was_VBDZ determined_VVN by_II Fourier_NP1 transform-infrared_JJ spectroscopy_NN1 (_( FT-IR_NN1 )_) with_IW a_AT1 number_NN1 of_IO 32_MC scans_NN2 and_CC spectral_JJ resolution_NN1 of_IO 4_MC cm-1_MC1 over_II the_AT frequency_NN1 range_NN1 from_II 4000_MC cm-1_MC1 to_II 400_MC cm-1_MC1 at_II the_AT transmittance_NN1 mode_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
One_MC1 way_NN1 on_II which_DDQ biocides_NN2 operate_VV0 is_VBZ by_II suspending_VVG the_AT metabolic_JJ action_NN1 of_IO microbes_NN2 ,_, thus_RR altering_VVG the_AT proper_JJ functioning_NN1 of_IO microbial_JJ cells_NN2 and_CC causing_VVG cell_NN1 death_NN1 ._. 
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Phoenix_NP1 ,_, Arizona_NP1 is_VBZ a_AT1 designated_JJ ozone_NN1 nonattainment_NN1 area_NN1 by_II the_AT United_NP1 States_NP1 Environmental_JJ Protection_NN1 Agency_NN1 (_( EPA_NP1 )_) and_CC is_VBZ susceptible_JJ to_II unhealthy_JJ ozone_NN1 during_II the_AT summer_NNT1 North_NP1 American_JJ Monsoon_NN1 ._. 
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Various_JJ MDCs_NP1 ,_, that_DD1 can_VM be_VBI further_RRR extended_VVN to_II real_JJ waste_NN1 water_NN1 plants_NN2 for_IF economic_JJ affordability_NN1 and_CC saving_VVG energy_NN1 ,_, have_VH0 been_VBN briefly_RR discussed_VVN in_II this_DD1 paper_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Compared_VVN to_II the_AT dense_JJ regular_JJ crystal_NN1 surface_NN1 of_IO porous_JJ struvite_NN1 precipitates_VVZ in_II the_AT absence_NN1 of_IO HS_NP2 (_( Fig._NN1 5c_FO )_) ,_, the_AT crystal_NN1 surface_NN1 was_VBDZ loose_JJ and_CC only_RR few_DA2 holes_NN2 were_VBDR observed_VVN in_II the_AT presence_NN1 of_IO HS_NP2 (_( Fig._NN1 5d_NNU )_) ._. 
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The_AT aggregation_NN1 rate_NN1 of_IO particles_NN2 primarily_RR depends_VVZ on_II their_APPGE collision_NN1 rate_NN1 ._. 
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Recently_RR ,_, a_AT1 type_NN1 of_IO novel_NN1 positively_RR charged_VVN composite_JJ NF_NP1 membranes_NN2 was_VBDZ prepared_VVN by_II using_VVG polydopamine_NN1 (_( PDA_NP1 )_) as_II a_AT1 transition_NN1 layer_NN1 and_CC also_RR surface_NN1 grafting_NN1 by_II PEI_NP1 on_II PES_NN2 support_VV0 ._. 
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Acknowledgements_NN2 are_VBR ex_NN1 tended_VVD to_II the_AT SIRTA_NN1 team_NN1 for_IF their_APPGE technical_JJ support_NN1 during_II the_AT campaign_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
As_CSA Fig._NN1 1_MC1 shows_VVZ approximately_RR 10_MC h_ZZ1 of_IO inoculation_NN1 and_CC shaking_VVG helped_VVN reach_VVI the_AT end_NN1 of_IO the_AT logarithmic_JJ phase_NN1 and_CC is_VBZ the_AT best_JJT time_NNT1 of_IO inoculation_NN1 ._. 
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Cyclic_JJ voltammetry_NN1 and_CC bulk_VV0 electrolysis_NN1 experiments_NN2 reveal_VV0 the_AT promising_JJ electrochemical_JJ properties_NN2 of_IO MEPT_NP1 and_CC MEEPT_VV0 under_RG dilute_JJ conditions_NN2 ._. 
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Another_DD1 important_JJ application_NN1 of_IO black_JJ TiO2_FO was_VBDZ in_II field_NN1 of_IO DSSC_NP1 ._. 
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SOLUTIONS_NN2 is_VBZ working_VVG on_II a_AT1 common_JJ decision_NN1 tree_NN1 and_CC tiered_JJ work_NN1 flow_NN1 scheme_NN1 for_IF performing_VVG component-based_JJ human_NN1 and_CC ecological_JJ MRA_NN1 for_IF chemical_JJ cocktails_NN2 found_VVN in_II European_JJ rivers_NN2 and_CC lakes_NN2 ,_, covering_VVG micropollutants_NN2 from_II different_JJ legislative_JJ sectors_NN2 ._. 
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These_DD2 results_NN2 show_VV0 that_CST the_AT surface_NN1 of_IO the_AT fresh_JJ CS-nZVI_NN2 was_VBDZ coated_VVN by_II a_AT1 shell_NN1 of_IO iron_NN1 oxides_NN2 ,_, mainly_RR FeO_NP1 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT city_NN1 ofEnid_NN1 ,_, Oklahoma_NP1 (_( Fig._NN1 2_MC )_) is_VBZ covered_VVN by_II an_AT1 extensive_JJ public_JJ water_NN1 system_NN1 ,_, yet_RR has_VHZ a_AT1 large_JJ number_NN1 of_IO shallow_JJ (_( 15_MC to_II 18_MC m_NNO deep_JJ )_) wells_NN2 ._. 
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The_AT pore_NN1 volume_NN1 in_II the_AT carbon_NN1 nanosheets_NN2 is_VBZ high_JJ relative_II21 to_II22 other_JJ classes_NN2 of_IO host_NN1 carbons_NN2 ,_, being_VBG measured_VVN as_CSA 1_MC1 cm3_FO g-1_FO and_CC with_IW a_AT1 surface_NN1 area_NN1 of_IO 1610_MC m2_FO g-1_FO ._. 
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HPAM_NP1 was_VBDZ degraded_VVN into_II lower_JJR molecular_JJ weight_NN1 polymers_NN2 and_CC organic_JJ fragments_NN2 with_IW its_APPGE amide_NN1 groups_NN2 hydrolyzed_VVD into_II carboxylic_JJ groups_NN2 by_II the_AT microorganisms_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Consistent_JJ with_IW previous_JJ studies_NN2 of_IO coal_NN1 ,_, our_APPGE data_NN show_VV0 that_CST there_EX is_VBZ also_RR no_AT clear_JJ correlation_NN1 between_II the_AT 206Pb/207Pb_NN1 ratios_NN2 of_IO fly_NN1 ash_NN1 and_CC the_AT respective_JJ coal_NN1 age_NN1 ._. 
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We_PPIS2 also_RR evaluated_VVD the_AT repeatability_NN1 and_CC reproducibility_NN1 provided_VVN by_II the_AT instrument_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT TEM_NN1 elemental_JJ mapping_NN1 of_IO the_AT Co3O4/CuO_NP1 NW_ND1 heterostructure_NN1 can_VM be_VBI clearly_RR seen_VVN in_II Fig._NN1 10b-e_FO ._. 
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The_AT exhaust_NN1 fan_NN1 and_CC external_JJ condens_NN2 enhances_VVZ the_AT circulation_NN1 of_IO air_NN1 and_CC vapor_NN1 condensation_NN1 ._. 
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Data_NN on_II per_JJ21 capita_JJ22 GDP_NN1 were_VBDR obtained_VVN from_II the_AT World_NN1 Bank_NN1 World_NN1 Development_NN1 Indicators_NN2 Database_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Studies_NN2 have_VH0 reported_VVN different_JJ strategies_NN2 to_TO increase_VVI temperature_NN1 to_TO improve_VVI biodegradation_NN1 rate_NN1 in_II cold_JJ conditions_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Efforts_NN2 to_TO reduce_VVI emissions_NN2 from_II deforestation_NN1 and_CC degradation_NN1 and_CC to_TO promote_VVI A/R_ZZ1 often_RR have_VH0 higher_JJR transaction_NN1 and_CC implementation_NN1 costs_NN2 than_CSN expected_JJ ,_, and_CC existing_JJ finance_NN1 for_IF forest_NN1 protection_NN1 is_VBZ inadequate59_FO ._. 
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The_AT carbon-based_JJ substrates_NN2 ,_, including_II the_AT ones_NN2 made_VVN of_IO woven_JJ carbon_NN1 fibre_NN1 and_CC carbon_NN1 nanomaterials_NN2 ,_, are_VBR first_MD summarized_VVD ._. 
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In_II order_NN1 to_TO efficiently_RR utilize_VVI the_AT visible_JJ light_NN1 in_II sunlight_NN1 and_CC overcome_VV0 the_AT defects_NN2 of_IO large_JJ bandgap_NN1 of_IO metal_NN1 oxides_NN2 ,_, a_AT1 number_NN1 of_IO visible_JJ light_JJ responsed_JJ photocatalysts_NN2 have_VH0 emerged_VVN such_II21 as_II22 ternary_JJ chalcogenides_NN2 (_( e._ZZ1 g_ZZ1 ._. 
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ZnIn2S4_FO )_) ,_, CdS_NN2 and_CC LaFeO3_FO ._. 
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Two_MC studies41,52_FO focused_VVN on_II physicochemical_JJ properties_NN2 of_IO ECs_NP2 in_II their_APPGE prioritization_NN1 ._. 
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Experiments_NN2 were_VBDR conducted_VVN simultaneously_RR in_II both_DB2 stills_NN2 ,_, one_PN1 with_IW water_NN1 and_CC the_AT other_JJ one_PN1 with_IW water_NN1 nanofluid_NN1 ,_, at_II Energy_NN1 Park_NN1 ,_, National_JJ Engineering_NN1 College_NN1 ,_, Kovilpatti_NP1 (_( 9°_NNU 11_MC '_NULL N_NNU ,_, 77°_NNU 52_MC '_NULL E_ZZ1 )_) Tamil_JJ Nadu_NP1 ,_, India_NP1 ._. 
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The_AT chemical_JJ species_NN in_II a_AT1 lithium_NN1 electrodeposition_NN1 system_NN1 are_VBR lithium_NN1 ions_NN2 ,_, electrons_NN2 ,_, salts_NN2 ,_, and_CC solvents_NN2 in_II the_AT electrolyte_NN1 ._. 
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Considerable_JJ development_NN1 now_RT also_RR occurs_VVZ in_RP densely_RR populated_VVN regions_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
However_RR ,_, recent_JJ work_NN1 questions_NN2 these_DD2 estimates_NN2 :_: eddy_VV0 covariance_NN1 and_CC soil_NN1 chamber_NN1 work_NN1 suggests_VVZ that_CST very_RG hot_JJ temperatures_NN2 could_VM cause_VVI cropland_NN1 soils_VVZ to_TO be_VBI a_AT1 source_NN1 of_IO COS_NP2 to_II the_AT atmosphere_NN1 of_IO the_AT same_DA order_NN1 as_CSA COS_CS plant_NN1 fluxes16,27_FO ._. 
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<s>
Metal-organic_JJ frameworks_NN2 (_( MOFs_NP2 )_) ,_, a_AT1 new_JJ class_NN1 of_IO hybrid_JJ porous_JJ materials_NN2 built_VVN from_II organic_JJ linkers_NN2 and_CC inorganic_JJ metal_NN1 (_( or_CC metal-containing_JJ cluster_NN1 )_) nodes_NN2 through_II coordination_NN1 bonds_NN2 ,_, have_VH0 attracted_VVN tremendous_JJ attention_NN1 in_II the_AT recent_JJ decade_NNT1 (_( Rowsell_NP1 and_CC Yaghi_NP1 ,_, 2004_MC ;_; Zhou_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2012_MC )_) ._. 
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Although_CS the_AT golf_NN1 courses_NN2 had_VHD not_XX been_VBN sprayed_VVN with_IW tebu-conazole_JJ products_NN2 within_II the_AT last_MD one_PN1 or_CC two_MC years_NNT2 prior_II21 to_II22 this_DD1 degradation_NN1 study_NN1 (_( Table_NN1 1_MC1 )_) ,_, it_PPH1 was_VBDZ still_RR possible_JJ to_TO detect_VVI TBZ_NP1 at_II a_AT1 concentration_NN1 range_NN1 of_IO 0.2_MC --_JJ 0.9_MC mg_NNU kg-1_MC1 soil_NN1 in_II the_AT thatch_NN1 layer_NN1 samples_NN2 from_II three_MC of_IO the_AT golf_NN1 courses_NN2 ._. 
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Water-soluble_JJ Cu_FO and_CC Zn_NP1 concentrations_NN2 decreased_VVN from_II 1.21_MC to_II 2.38_MC mg_NNU kg_NNU 1_MC1 in_II biochar_NN1 BC400_FO to_II 0.17_MC and_CC 0.81_MC mg_NNU kg_NNU 1_MC1 in_II biochar_NN1 BC700_FO ,_, respectively_RR ,_, whereas_CS DTPA-Cu_FO and_CC Zn_NP1 concentrations_NN2 increased_VVN from_II 23.44_MC to_II 31.05_MC mg_NNU kg_NNU 1_MC1 in_II biochar_NN1 BC400_FO ,_, respectively_RR ,_, to_II 122.89_MC and_CC 129.24_MC mg_NNU kg_NNU 1_MC1 in_II biochar_NN1 BC700_FO ,_, respectively_RR ._. 
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This_DD1 can_VM be_VBI exploited_VVN at_II the_AT process_NN1 engineering_NN1 stage_NN1 ,_, where_CS the_AT operating_NN1 temperature_NN1 can_VM be_VBI used_VVN to_TO optimize_VVI the_AT permeance_NN1 and_CC selectivity_NN1 to_TO obtain_VVI the_AT desired_JJ recovery_NN1 and_CC purity_NN1 ._. 
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A_AT1 change_NN1 in_II pH_NN1 also_RR affects_VVZ the_AT competing_JJ complexation_NN1 reactions_NN2 and_CC metal_NN1 ion_NN1 species_NN ._. 
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Thus_RR ,_, the_AT initial_JJ decision_NN1 table_NN1 with_IW historical_JJ cases_NN2 used_VVN for_IF learning_NN1 is_VBZ established_VVN ._. 
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<s>
Outdoor_JJ vapor_NN1 phase_NN1 concentrations_NN2 of_IO pOPFRs_NN2 ranged_VVN from_II 2.4_MC to_II 9.0_MC pg/m3_NN1 and_CC 2.3_MC --_JJ 16_MC pg/m3_VV0 at_II the_AT residential-industrial_JJ and_CC residential_JJ sites_NN2 respectively_RR (_( Table_NN1 A5_FO )_) with_IW no_AT statistical_JJ significance_NN1 difference_NN1 in_II the_AT detected_JJ concentrations_NN2 (_( t-test_NN1 ,_, p_ZZ1 >_FO 0.05_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
Simultaneously_RR ,_, a_AT1 certain_JJ amount_NN1 of_IO the_AT CNTs_NP1 samples_NN2 ,_, i._MC e._ZZ1 nonfunctionalized_VVD MWCNTs_NP1 ,_, functionalized_VVD MWCNTs_NP1 and_CC TiO2-MWCNTs_NN2 were_VBDR dispersed_VVN in_II de-ionized_JJ water_NN1 and_CC sonicated_VVN for_IF 4_MC h_ZZ1 ._. 
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Depending_II21 on_II22 product_NN1 specific_JJ transformations_NN2 ,_, different_JJ toxicological_JJ profiles_NN2 and_CC environmental_JJ fates_NN2 could_VM be_VBI possible_JJ for_IF the_AT same_DA particle_NN1 under_II different_JJ use_NN1 conditions_NN2 ._. 
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Some_DD of_IO the_AT relationships_NN2 discussed_VVN below_RL are_VBR certainly_RR due_II21 to_II22 the_AT effects_NN2 of_IO isotherm_NN1 nonlinearity_NN1 ,_, but_CCB there_EX are_VBR also_RR other_JJ reasons_NN2 to_TO explain_VVI bell-shaped_JJ relationships_NN2 between_II sorption_NN1 of_IO pH_NN1 ._. 
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This_DD1 equilibrium_NN1 law_NN1 clearly_RR shows_VVZ the_AT reason_NN1 for_IF the_AT decrease_NN1 in_II DO_VD0 with_IW increasing_JJ reaction_NN1 temperature_NN1 (_( i._MC e._ZZ1 ,_, hot_JJ water_NN1 )_) ._. 
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<s>
Assume_VV0 that_CST to_II the_AT left_NN1 of_IO C_ZZ1 the_AT z(t)-coordinate_NN1 of_IO the_AT solution_NN1 of_IO system_NN1 (_( 8_MC )_) decreases_VVZ with_IW time_NNT1 (_( here_RL we_PPIS2 have_VH0 z_ZZ1 '_NULL (_( t_ZZ1 )_) <_FO 0_MC )_) ,_, and_CC to_II the_AT right_NN1 of_IO C_ZZ1 the_AT z(t)-coordinate_JJ increases_NN2 with_IW time_NNT1 (_( here_RL z_ZZ1 '_NULL (_( t_ZZ1 )_) >_FO 0_MC )_) ._. 
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Moreover_RR ,_, a_AT1 number_NN1 of_IO models_NN2 may_VM give_VVI different_JJ results_NN2 depending_II21 on_II22 the_AT format_NN1 used_VVN for_IF a_AT1 chemical_JJ structure_NN1 (_( e._ZZ1 g_ZZ1 ._. 
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CAS_NP2 number_NN1 ,_, SMILES_NP1 ,_, name_NN1 ,_, etc._RA )_) ,_, whereas_CS some_DD models_NN2 (_( e._ZZ1 g_ZZ1 ._. 
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VEGA_NP1 --_NN1 www.vegahub_NNU ._. 
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<s>
The_AT data_NN set_VV0 we_PPIS2 used_VVD for_IF this_DD1 study_NN1 consists_VVZ of_IO 11_MC ;_; 309_MC individual_JJ water_NN1 well_NN1 samples_NN2 analyzed_VVD for_IF dissolved_JJ methane_NN1 ,_, a_AT1 data_NN set_VVD two_MC orders-of-magnitude_NN2 larger_JJR than_CSN previous_JJ studies_NN2 examining_VVG the_AT relationship_NN1 between_II dissolved_JJ methane_NN1 and_CC the_AT proximity_NN1 of_IO oil_NN1 and_CC gas_NN1 wells_NN2 ._. 
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So_RR ,_, it_PPH1 is_VBZ able_JK to_TO capture_VVI the_AT topology_NN1 of_IO the_AT free-surface_NN1 in_II the_AT unbaffled_JJ stirred_JJ tank_NN1 ._. 
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Considering_CS these_DD2 additional_JJ diffusion_NN1 barriers_NN2 ,_, the_AT basic_JJ differences_NN2 between_II Li_NP1 and_CC Mg_NNU remained_VVD ._. 
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The_AT material_NN1 induced_VVD superior_JJ chemical_JJ enhancement_NN1 compared_VVN to_II other_JJ semiconductors_NN2 and_CC comparable_JJ to_II the_AT noble_JJ metal_NN1 substrates_NN2 ._. 
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EHPs_NP2 with_IW high_JJ contents_NN2 of_IO epoxy_JJ group_NN1 show_VV0 simultaneous_JJ reinforcing_JJ and_CC toughening_VVG in_II DGEBA_NP1 ,_, regardless_RR of_IO their_APPGE aliphatic_JJ and_CC aromatic_JJ structures_NN2 ,_, and_CC whether_CSW there_EX is_VBZ phase-separation_JJ or_CC homogenous_JJ structure_NN1 associated_VVN with_IW the_AT fractured_JJ surface_NN1 ._. 
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In_II combination_NN1 of_IO fluorescence_NN1 in_RR21 situ_RR22 hybridization_NN1 (_( FISH_NN )_) and_CC p-XRF_NP1 ,_, Honeker_NP1 et_RA21 al_RA22 ._. 
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<s>
(_( 2016_MC )_) reported_VVD that_CST As_CSA was_VBDZ co-localized_VVN with_IW Fe-oxide_JJ plaques_NN2 more_RGR significantly_RR than_CSN with_IW bacteria_NN2 on_II Buchloe_NP1 dactyloides_VVZ root_NN1 surfaces_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
And_CC we_PPIS2 used_VVD the_AT MODIS_NP1 AOD_NP1 product_NN1 analyzed_VVD the_AT spatial_JJ distribution_NN1 and_CC temporal_JJ variation_NN1 of_IO the_AT annual_JJ ,_, seasonal_JJ and_CC monthly_JJ distribution_NN1 of_IO AOD_NN1 in_II the_AT Sichuan_JJ area_NN1 over_II the_AT last_MD ten_MC years_NNT2 (_( 2006-2015_MCMC )_) ._. 
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In_II principle_NN1 ,_, the_AT PRO_JJ plant_NN1 proposed_VVN in_II Fig._NN1 12_MC is_VBZ similar_JJ to_II that_DD1 proposed_VVD by_II Tai-Shung_NP1 et_RA21 al_RA22 .._... 
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As_CSA shown_VVN above_RL ,_, the_AT use_NN1 of_IO NAM_NP1 for_IF deriving_VVG more_RGR mechanistic_JJ information_NN1 that_CST can_VM be_VBI integrated_JJ for_REX21 example_REX22 in_II AOP_NP1 networks_NN2 is_VBZ one_MC1 step_NN1 forward_RL supporting_JJ MRA_NN1 ._. 
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In_II the_AT organs_NN2 of_IO Pacific_NP1 walrus_NN (_( Odobenus_NP1 rosmarus_NN1 divergens_NN2 )_) ,_, the_AT lipid_JJ content_NN1 ranged_VVN from_II 1_MC1 to_II 6%_NNU in_II muscles_NN2 and_CC up_RG21 to_RG22 10%_NNU in_II the_AT liver_NN1 (_( Tsygankov_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2015_MC )_) ._. 
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From_II the_AT breakdown_NN1 analyses_NN2 ,_, the_AT stakeholder_NN1 group_NN1 '_NULL universities_NN2 and_CC professional_JJ bodies_NN2 '_NULL held_VVD a_AT1 strongest_JJT perception_NN1 that_CST there_EX was_VBDZ a_AT1 lack_NN1 of_IO strategic_JJ policy_NN1 leading_VVG to_TO zero_VVI carbon_NN1 emission_NN1 in_II Hong_NP1 Kong_NP1 ,_, followed_VVN by_II the_AT other_JJ groups_NN2 (_( Table_NN1 7_MC )_) ._. 
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We_PPIS2 find_VV0 linear_JJ trends_NN2 in_II log-linear_JJ and_CC log-log_JJ plots_NN2 of_IO single-parameter_JJ representations_NN2 of_IO volatility_NN1 and_CC viscosity_NN1 ,_, with_IW higher_JJR condensed-phase_NN1 fractions_NN2 of_IO extremely_RR low_JJ and_CC low_JJ volatility_NN1 material_NN1 associated_VVN with_IW an_AT1 increased_JJ viscosity_NN1 (_( R_ZZ1 =_FO 0.69_MC )_) ._. 
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In_II the_AT toxicity_NN1 tests_NN2 ,_, a_AT1 small_JJ amount_NN1 of_IO calcium_NN1 carbonate_NN1 was_VBDZ added_VVN to_TO adjust_VVI the_AT pH_NN1 to_II 6.0_MC 0.5_MC and_CC the_AT water_NN1 content_NN1 was_VBDZ adjusted_VVN to_II 35%_NNU of_IO the_AT maximum_JJ water-holding_JJ capacity_NN1 ._. 
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Inorganic_NP1 NPs_NP1 functionalization_NN1 was_VBDZ also_RR executed_VVN on_II the_AT dual-layer_JJ ENMs_NN2 ._. 
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The_AT peak_NN1 current_JJ densities_NN2 obtained_VVN in_II LSVs_NP1 showed_VVD good_JJ agreement_NN1 with_IW changes_NN2 in_II biomass_NN1 (_( based_VVN on_II protein_NN1 content_NN1 )_) ,_, which_DDQ showed_VVD an_AT1 increase_NN1 to_II 3.5_MC g/m2_FU where_RRQ the_AT live_JJ layer_NN1 reached_VVD a_AT1 constant_JJ thickness_NN1 (_( cycle_NN1 12_MC for_IF G._NP1 anodireducens_NN2 ;_; cycle_NN1 30_MC for_IF the_AT mixed_JJ culture_NN1 )_) (_( Figure_NN1 2_MC and_CC Figure_NN1 4a_FO )_) and_CC then_RT a_AT1 slight_JJ decrease_NN1 with_IW further_JJR biomass_NN1 (_( Figure_NN1 4b_FO )_) ._. 
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The_AT as-obtained_JJ sample_NN1 was_VBDZ denoted_VVN as_CSA SFTO-imp_JJ ._. 
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The_AT mean_JJ uncertainty_NN1 of_IO all_DB 137Cs_FO measurements_NN2 was_VBDZ estimated_VVN as_II 20%_NNU (_( 1_MC1 counting_NN1 statistic_NN1 only_RR )_) ,_, for_IF 210Pb_FO it_PPH1 was_VBDZ 7%_NNU (_( 1_MC1 counting_NN1 statistic_NN1 combined_VVN with_IW correction_NN1 factor_NN1 for_IF self-absorption_NN1 )_) ._. 
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The_AT latter_DA is_VBZ germane_JJ to_II the_AT question_NN1 of_IO quantifying_VVG deposition_NN1 of_IO fugitive_NN1 dust_NN1 from_II unpaved_JJ roads_NN2 ._. 
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Fig._NN1 9a_FO shows_VVZ the_AT in_RR21 situ_RR22 SERS_NP2 spectra_NN2 of_IO R6G_FO with_IW the_AT increasing_JJ irradiation_NN1 time_NNT1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Also_RR ,_, as_CSA shown_VVN in_II the_AT conductivity_NN1 curves_NN2 of_IO several_DA2 cycles_NN2 of_IO charge/discharge_NN1 operations_NN2 in_II Fig._NN1 10(c)_FO ,_, the_AT graphene/PANI_NN1 composite_JJ electrode_NN1 can_VM be_VBI regenerated_VVN much_RR faster_RRR than_CSN the_AT graphene_NN1 only_JJ electrode_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
On_II the_AT basis_NN1 of_IO data_NN collected_VVN from_II both_DB2 experiments_NN2 and_CC molecular_JJ simulations_NN2 ,_, a_AT1 correlation_NN1 which_DDQ is_VBZ a_AT1 function_NN1 of_IO dimensionless_JJ pore_NN1 size_NN1 has_VHZ been_VBN developed_VVN and_CC incorporated_VVN in_II the_AT extended_JJ PR_NN1 EOS_NN2 to_TO correct_VVI the_AT shifted_JJ critical_JJ properties_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Therefore_RR ,_, appropriately_RR increasing_VVG SPC_NP1 dosage_NN1 was_VBDZ beneficial_JJ for_IF DMP_NP1 elimination_NN1 in_II this_DD1 study_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Microwave-excited_JJ surface-wave_JJ plasma_NN1 treatment_NN1 also_RR introduces_VVZ oxygen-containing_JJ groups_NN2 onto_II CNTs_NP1 surface_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Consequently_RR ,_, the_AT Vd_NN1 values_NN2 employed_VVN in_II the_AT CCD_NP1 model_NN1 (_( Vd_NN1 =_FO Vp_NP1 --_NN1 Vdl_NP1 )_) are_VBR also_RR independent_JJ of_IO ionic_JJ strength_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
In_II steam_NN1 reforming_VVG reactions_NN2 ,_, according_II21 to_II22 the_AT difference_NN1 of_IO components_NN2 ,_, the_AT interfacial_JJ catalyst_NN1 can_VM be_VBI composed_VVN of_IO metal-metal_NN1 ,_, metalmetal_JJ oxide_NN1 and_CC metal-non-oxide_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Small_JJ inoculums_NN2 size_NN1 was_VBDZ used_VVN as_CSA suggested_VVN by_II (_( Grady_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 1996_MC )_) in_II kinetics_NN1 studies_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT relationship_NN1 between_II deposited_VVD scale_NN1 mass_NN1 and_CC temperature_NN1 was_VBDZ deduced_VVN from_II experimental_JJ data_NN ._. 
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<s>
RSS_NP1 that_CST have_VH0 environmental_JJ significance_NN1 in_II AOPs_NN2 may_VM refer_VVI to_II various_JJ sulfur_NN1 species_NN which_DDQ can_VM produce_VVI oxysulfur_NN1 radicals_NN2 under_II moderate_JJ conditions_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
By_II doping_NN1 TiO2_FO with_IW In_II ,_, pure_JJ anatase_NN1 phase_NN1 of_IO TiO2_FO was_VBDZ produced_VVN with_IW smaller_JJR particle_NN1 size_NN1 ,_, larger_JJR surface_NN1 area_NN1 and_CC mesoporous_JJ structure_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Membrane_NN1 prepared_VVN using_VVG mixture_NN1 of_IO PEI_NN2 and_CC PIP_NN1 with_IW IPC_NP1 gave_VVD highest_JJT flux_NN1 (_( 2700_MC lm-2_MC d-1_FO )_) at_II 98.9%_FO NaCl_NN1 rejection_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT views_NN2 and_CC ideas_NN2 expressed_VVN herein_RR are_VBR solely_RR of_IO the_AT authors_NN2 and_CC do_VD0 not_XX represent_VVI the_AT ideas_NN2 of_IO the_AT funding_NN1 agencies_NN2 in_II any_DD form_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Leaf_VV0 relative_JJ water_NN1 content_NN1 was_VBDZ calculated_VVN with_IW an_AT1 equation_NN1 by_II using_VVG the_AT fresh_JJ mass_NN1 ,_, turgor_NN1 mass_NN1 ,_, and_CC dry_JJ mass_NN1 of_IO sampled_JJ leaves_NN2 as_CSA described_VVN by_II Yamasaki_NP1 and_CC Dillenburg_NP1 (_( 1999_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
As_II21 for_II22 mass_JJ transfer_NN1 ,_, there_EX is_VBZ a_AT1 linear_JJ relationship_NN1 between_II the_AT mass_JJ flux_NN1 (_( Jw_NP1 )_) and_CC water_NN1 vapor_NN1 pressure_NN1 difference_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Under_II these_DD2 split_JJ injection_NN1 conditions_NN2 ,_, the_AT targeted_JJ turbidity_NN1 removals_NN2 were_VBDR achieved_VVN (_( <1_FO NTU_NN1 for_IF SW_ND1 and_CC <3_FO NTU_NN1 for_IF WW_NP1 )_) ._. 
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<s>
In_II several_DA2 Western_JJ countries_NN2 ,_, people_NN focus_VV0 on_II the_AT resource_NN1 utilization_NN1 of_IO coal_NN1 ash_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
There_EX was_VBDZ no_AT systematic_JJ difference_NN1 between_II detected_JJ concentrations_NN2 of_IO analytes_NN2 in_II samples_NN2 collected_VVN in_II January_NPM1 and_CC June_NPM1 in_II Ljubljana_NP1 ,_, Slovenia_NP1 ._. 
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<s>
Precipitation_NN1 ,_, N_ZZ1 fertilizer_NN1 use_NN1 ,_, fuel_NN1 consumption_NN1 ,_, economic_JJ development_NN1 ,_, and_CC the_AT prevalence_NN1 of_IO big_JJ cities_NN2 all_DB influence_VV0 N_ZZ1 deposition_NN1 ;_; all_DB these_DD2 factors_NN2 display_VV0 declining_JJ trends_NN2 from_II the_AT southeast_ND1 to_II the_AT northwest_ND1 of_IO China_NP1 ._. 
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<s>
Indeed_RR ,_, there_EX is_VBZ considerably_RR variability_NN1 in_II pH_NN1 trends_NN2 not_XX only_RR among_II coastal_JJ ecosystems_NN2 in_II widely_RR distributed_VVN regions_NN2 but_CCB also_RR within_II regions_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Figure_NN1 5_MC indicates_VVZ a_AT1 variety_NN1 of_IO modal_JJ FRVs_NP1 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT El_NP1 Nino/Southern_FU Oscillation_NN1 (_( ENSO_NP1 )_) drives_VVZ substantial_JJ variability_NN1 in_II tropical_JJ cyclone_NN1 (_( TC_NP1 )_) activity_NN1 around_II the_AT world1-3_MC ._. 
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<s>
Before_CS the_AT 1980s_MC2 ,_, the_AT Yellow_NP1 River_NNL1 and_CC Hai_NP1 River_NNL1 were_VBDR the_AT main_JJ sources_NN2 of_IO land-based_JJ materials_NN2 in_II the_AT Bohai_NP1 Sea_NNL1 ._. 
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<s>
However_RR ,_, persulfates_NN2 face_VV0 the_AT drawbacks_NN2 of_IO prohibitively_RR high_JJ cost_NN1 and_CC inherent_JJ chronic_JJ toxicity_NN1 brought_VVN by_II durable_JJ stability_NN1 ,_, and_CC therefore_RR greener_JJR alternatives_NN2 to_II persulfates_NN2 are_VBR of_IO persistent_JJ interests_NN2 &lsqb;_( 19-21_MCMC &rsqb;_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
NATURA_NP1 2000_MC is_VBZ a_AT1 common_JJ framework_NN1 applying_VVG to_II all_DB Member_NN1 States_NP1 and_CC not_XX a_AT1 system_NN1 of_IO strict_JJ nature_NN1 reserves_NN2 where_CS all_DB human_JJ activities_NN2 are_VBR excluded_VVN ._. 
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<s>
The_AT algal_JJ suspension_NN1 was_VBDZ diluted_VVN to_TO get_VVI a_AT1 similar_JJ algal_JJ concentration_NN1 for_IF each_DD1 test_NN1 ,_, using_VVG an_AT1 optical_JJ spectrophotometer_NN1 (_( Genesys_NP1 10_MC UV_JJ scanning_NN1 ,_, from_II Thermo_NP1 Scientific_JJ )_) to_TO verify_VVI that_CST the_AT absorbance_NN1 of_IO the_AT inoculum_NN1 suspension_NN1 at_II 653_MC and_CC 665_MC nm_FU (_( chlorophyll_NN1 a_ZZ1 )_) was_VBDZ respectively_RR 0.007_MC and_CC 0.008_MC (_( absorbance_NN1 units_NN2 in_II 1_MC1 cm_NNU cuvette_NN1 )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT latter_DA do_VD0 not_XX only_RR allow_VVI to_TO operate_VVI at_II a_AT1 reduced_JJ metal_NN1 temperature_NN1 at_II start-of-run_JJ conditions_NN2 but_CCB also_RR make_VV0 it_PPH1 possible_JJ to_TO reduce_VVI coke_NN1 formation_NN1 ,_, leading_VVG to_II increased_JJ run_NN1 lengths_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Overall_RR ,_, there_EX are_VBR strong_JJ contrasts_NN2 (_( Table_NN1 1_MC1 )_) in_II energy_NN1 (_( 8-84%_FO of_IO energy_NN1 consumption_NN1 imported_VVN )_) and_CC food_NN1 (_( 5-90%_FO of_IO cereal_NN1 food_NN1 imported_VVN )_) self-sufficiency_NN1 ,_, and_CC in_II the_AT intensity_NN1 of_IO freshwater_JJ use_NN1 ,_, expressed_VVN as_CSA freshwater_JJ withdrawals_NN2 relative_II21 to_II22 total_JJ actual_JJ renewable_JJ water_NN1 resources_NN2 (_( TARWR_NP1 ;_; 0.1-24%_FO )_) ._. 
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<s>
This_DD1 viscous_JJ material_NN1 sometimes_RT enters_VVZ into_II the_AT soil_NN1 pores_NN2 and_CC is_VBZ absorbed_VVN permanently_RR ._. 
</s>
<s>
Another_DD1 key_JJ reason_NN1 that_CST the_AT MEOR_NN1 field_NN1 tests_NN2 did_VDD not_XX perform_VVI so_RG well_RR as_CSA expected_VVN was_VBDZ due_II21 to_II22 the_AT properties_NN2 of_IO microbial_JJ strains_NN2 ,_, population_NN1 composition_NN1 of_IO the_AT microbes_NN2 ,_, and_CC quality_NN1 of_IO bacterial_JJ cells_NN2 from_II production_NN1 process_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Co3O4_FO was_VBDZ also_RR combined_VVN with_IW carbon_NN1 materials_NN2 (_( e._ZZ1 g._NNU ,_, partially_RR graphitized_JJ carbon_NN1 and_CC carbon_NN1 nanofibers_NN2 )_) and_CC exhibited_VVD enhanced_JJ electron_NN1 transfers_NN2 and_CC high_JJ efficiencies_NN2 for_IF both_RR ORR_NP1 and_CC OER_NP1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
As_CSA can_VM be_VBI seen_VVN in_II Fig._NN1 10_MC ,_, the_AT flux_NN1 of_IO the_AT modified_JJ membrane_NN1 reached_VVD a_AT1 plateau_NN1 with_IW increasing_JJ operating_NN1 time_NNT1 ,_, while_CS the_AT flux_NN1 for_IF the_AT unmodified_JJ membrane_NN1 kept_VVD decreasing_JJ ,_, thus_RR indicating_VVG that_DD1 organic_JJ compounds_NN2 ,_, colloidal_JJ foulants_NN2 and_CC bacteria_NN2 continued_VVD to_TO accumulate_VVI on_II the_AT surface_NN1 over_II time_NNT1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT average_JJ rate_NN1 of_IO reactive_JJ oxygen_NN1 species_NN generated_VVN in_II the_AT MFC-FeVOJCF_JJ cathode_NN1 was_VBDZ 0.85_MC mM/h_FU ,_, whereas_CS that_DD1 in_II the_AT MFC-CF_VV0 cathode_NN1 was_VBDZ only_JJ 0.13mM/h_FU ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT prefractionator_NN1 may_VM not_XX have_VHI a_AT1 reboiler_NN1 and_CC condenser_NN1 ,_, and_CC the_AT liquid_NN1 and_CC vapor_NN1 streams_NN2 are_VBR fed_VVN from_II the_AT main_JJ column_NN1 at_II its_APPGE top_NN1 and_CC bottom_JJ stage_NN1 ,_, respectively_RR ._. 
</s>
<s>
After_CS this_DD1 failure_NN1 episode_NN1 the_AT feeding_NN1 was_VBDZ restarted_VVN again_RT at_II a_AT1 HRT_NN1 of_IO 20_MC days_NNT2 before_II decreasing_VVG to_II 18_MC days_NNT2 (_( period_NN1 IV_MC )_) with_IW the_AT aim_NN1 to_TO investigate_VVI if_CSW the_AT gradual_JJ decrease_NN1 in_II HRT_NN1 will_VM allow_VVI to_TO avoid_VVI the_AT acidification_NN1 and_CC system_NN1 failure_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT biofilms_NN2 attached_VVN on_II the_AT media_NN in_II BTF_NP1 have_VH0 been_VBN shown_VVN to_TO readily_RR decompose_VVI MCs_NN2 in_II virtue_NN1 of_IO autochthonous_JJ degraders_NN2 (_( Li_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2011a_FO ,_, b_ZZ1 ,_, 2012_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT fluorescence_NN1 resonance_NN1 energy_NN1 transfer_NN1 and_CC other_JJ energy_NN1 transfer-related_NN1 (_( luminescence_NN1 and_CC photoelectrochemical_JJ )_) attributes_NN2 make_VV0 CMNHs_NP1 promising_JJ sensors_NN2 for_IF environmental_JJ sensing_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Researchers_NN2 have_VH0 prepared_VVN bioelectrodes_NN2 using_VVG gold_NN1 ,_, platinum_NN1 ,_, and_CC titanium_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
To_TO avoid_VVI azeotrope_NN1 formation_NN1 ,_, a_AT1 higher_JJR boiling_JJ solvent_NN1 may_VM be_VBI applied_VVN (_( see_VV0 theoretical_JJ discussion_NN1 around_II Fig._NN1 6_MC )_) ,_, which_DDQ was_VBDZ investigated_VVN by_II comparing_VVG diethyleneglycol_NN1 di-n-butylether_VV0 ,_, (_( DGDB_NP1 ,_, Supplementary_JJ Fig._NN1 2_MC illustrates_VVZ the_AT distribution_NN1 of_IO generation_NN1 and_CC pricing_VVG for_IF these_DD2 three_MC sites_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT results_NN2 appear_VV0 to_TO confirm_VVI the_AT view_NN1 of_IO Fang_NN1 and_CC Shang_NP1 (_( 2012_MC )_) that_CST organic_JJ Br-OBPs_NN2 are_VBR generated_VVN when_CS DOM_NP1 suppresses_VVZ BrO3-_JJ formation_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Positive_JJ effects_NN2 of_IO wind_NN1 energy_NN1 on_II energy_NN1 balances_NN2 were_VBDR also_RR demonstrated_VVN by_II Beal_NP1 et_RA21 al_RA22 ._. 
</s>
<s>
(_( 2015_MC )_) in_II scenarios_NN2 10e_FO ,_, 10g_NNU ,_, and_CC 10i_FO ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT proposed_JJ model_NN1 was_VBDZ able_JK to_TO simulate_VVI different_JJ changes_NN2 in_II water_NN1 and_CC sweeping_JJ gas_NN1 velocities_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
A_AT1 high-salinity_JJ stream_NN1 is_VBZ fogged_VVN and_CC sprayed_VVN from_II two-0.1_MC mm_NNU fog_NN1 nozzles_NN2 as_CSA shown_VVN in_II Fig._NN1 1_MC1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
dissolved_JJ oxygen_NN1 gradient_NN1 was_VBDZ established_VVN in_II space_NN1 thus_RR strengthening_VVG the_AT nitrification_NN1 and_CC denitrification_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT contents_NN2 were_VBDR mixed_VVN using_VVG a_AT1 mechanical_JJ vibration_NN1 device_NN1 for_IF a_AT1 period_NN1 of_IO 15_MC min_NNU ._. 
</s>
<s>
Solutions_NN2 were_VBDR prepared_VVN in_II seawater_NN1 ,_, urban_JJ wastewater_NN1 and_CC irrigation_NN1 water_NN1 for_IF each_DD1 metal_NN1 and_CC polymer_NN1 ,_, using_VVG the_AT concentrations_NN2 at_II which_DDQ maximum_JJ adsorption_NN1 capacity_NN1 was_VBDZ reached_VVN in_II the_AT Milli-Q_NP1 water_NN1 isotherms_NN2 :_: 4_MC and_CC 8_MC ppm_NNU ,_, in_II 100_MC mL_NNU volumetric_JJ flasks_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
During_II breakthrough_NN1 tests_NN2 ,_, authors_NN2 have_VH0 obtained_VVN the_AT highest_JJT adsorption_NN1 capacity_NN1 for_IF the_AT AC-H2O_NP1 (_( activated_VVN under_II water_NN1 vapour_NN1 )_) as_CSA shown_VVN in_II Fig._NN1 10_MC ._. 
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<s>
The_AT levels_NN2 of_IO Cr(VI)_NP1 ,_, although_CS well_RR above_II the_AT maximum_JJ concentration_NN1 level_NN1 in_II groundwater_NN1 (_( Crtot_NP1 =_FO 50_MC g/L_NNU )_) ,_, indicate_VV0 that_DD1 Cr(VI)_NN1 measured_VVN is_VBZ most_RGT likely_JJ of_IO geogenic_JJ origin_NN1 since_CS similar_JJ geogenic_JJ concentrations_NN2 have_VH0 been_VBN reported_VVN so_RG far_RR in_II several_DA2 different_JJ places_NN2 around_II the_AT globe_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Further_JJR attempts_NN2 to_TO prepare_VVI a_AT1 more_RGR dispersed_JJ gold_NN1 catalysts_NN2 were_VBDR not_XX undertaken_VVN after_II inspecting_VVG available_JJ literature_NN1 on_II this_DD1 subject_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Several_DA2 factors_NN2 influence_VV0 the_AT longevity_NN1 of_IO Ag_FO ENP_NN1 or_CC ionic_JJ release_NN1 from_II polymers_NN2 including_II the_AT degree_NN1 of_IO polymer_NN1 crystallinity_NN1 ,_, filler_NN1 type_NN1 (_( i._MC e._ZZ1 silver_JJ particles_NN2 ,_, zeolites_NN2 ,_, etc._RA )_) ,_, hydrophobicity_NN1 of_IO the_AT matrix_NN1 and_CC particle_NN1 size_NN1 (_( Duncan_NP1 ,_, 2011_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
ED_NP1 can_VM be_VBI operated_VVN with_IW only_RR two_MC columns_NN2 ,_, whereas_CS LLX_NP1 generally_RR requires_VVZ at_RR21 least_RR22 three_MC ,_, leading_VVG to_II higher_JJR capital_NN1 costs_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT particle_NN1 sizes_NN2 of_IO catalyst_NN1 D_ZZ1 are_VBR quite_RG uniform_JJ (_( 20_MC nm_FU )_) but_CCB have_VH0 obvious_JJ agglomeration_NN1 and_CC the_AT main_JJ intraplanar_JJ spacing_NN1 about_RG 0.49_MC nm_FU can_VM be_VBI ascribed_VVN to_II the_AT (_( 111_MC )_) crystal_NN1 plane_NN1 of_IO the_AT standard_NN1 Cu1.5Mn1.5O4_FO ._. 
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<s>
Furthermore_RR ,_, molecular_JJ differences_NN2 were_VBDR apparent_JJ among_II headwater_JJR lakes_NN2 ,_, headwater_JJR streams_NN2 ,_, and_CC lakes_NN2 further_RRR down_RP the_AT catchment_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
To_II this_DD1 end_NN1 ,_, in_II31 addition_II32 to_II33 the_AT capital_NN1 cost_NN1 ,_, the_AT operating_NN1 expenses_NN2 should_VM be_VBI evaluated_VVN conservatively_RR ,_, as_CSA will_VM be_VBI explained_VVN in_II the_AT subsequent_JJ sections_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Nevertheless_RR ,_, they_PPHS2 remain_VV0 energy_NN1 intensive_JJ processes_NN2 accounting_VVG for_IF up_RG21 to_RG22 50%_NNU of_IO the_AT operating_NN1 cost_NN1 and_CC their_APPGE gain_NN1 output_NN1 ratios_NN2 (_( GOR_NP1 )_) are_VBR limited_VVN (_( i._MC e._ZZ1 huge_JJ amounts_NN2 of_IO feed_NN1 water_NN1 needs_VVZ to_TO be_VBI heated_VVN )_) ,_, which_DDQ may_VM limit_VVI their_APPGE integration_NN1 with_IW RE_NP1 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT findings_NN2 verify_VV0 ZCB_NP1 policy_NN1 as_CSA complex_JJ dialectical_JJ systems_NN2 and_CC provide_VV0 new_JJ light_NN1 to_TO tackle_VVI the_AT challenges_NN2 to_II achieving_VVG high-rise_JJ ZCBs_NP1 by_II managing_VVG the_AT dialectics_NN2 ,_, i._MC e._ZZ1 the_AT complexity_NN1 of_IO and_CC interdependence_NN1 between_II the_AT technical_JJ components_NN2 ,_, the_AT stakeholders_NN2 and_CC the_AT boundaries_NN2 of_IO ZCB_NP1 policy_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT enhanced_JJ removal_NN1 of_IO NA_FW precursors_NN2 and_CC the_AT sedimentation_NN1 of_IO partial_JJ PAM_NP1 inhibits_VVZ the_AT rate_NN1 of_IO TONO_NP1 and_CC NDMA_NP1 increase_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
This_DD1 work_NN1 specified_VVD the_AT relevance_NN1 of_IO poplar_NN1 for_IF use_NN1 in_II dendrochemical_JJ studies_NN2 because_II21 of_II22 its_APPGE high_JJ bioaccumulation_NN1 capacity_NN1 (_( Sheppard_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2007_MC ,_, 2012_MC ;_; Migeon_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2009_MC ;_; Barbes_NN2 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2014_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
The_AT presence_NN1 of_IO hydrocarbons_NN2 in_II the_AT environment_NN1 poses_VVZ serious_JJ threat_NN1 to_II living_JJ organisms_NN2 due_II21 to_II22 their_APPGE toxicity_NN1 ,_, mutagenicity_NN1 ,_, and_CC carcinogenicity_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
All_DB membranes_NN2 were_VBDR in_II the_AT thickness_NN1 range_NN1 of_IO 50-70_MCMC pm_RA ._. 
</s>
<s>
For_IF general_JJ purposes_NN2 ,_, the_AT biofilm_NN1 model_NN1 by_II Wanner_NP1 and_CC Gujer_NN1 is_VBZ a_AT1 great_JJ tool_NN1 for_IF understanding_VVG biofilm_NN1 processes_NN2 in_II a_AT1 quantitative_JJ manner_NN1 (_( Wanner_NP1 ,_, 1996_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
Results_NN2 of_IO this_DD1 study_NN1 demonstrated_VVD that_CST the_AT influence_NN1 of_IO solution_NN1 chemistry_NN1 on_II the_AT oxidation_NN1 efficiency_NN1 of_IO the_AT goethite-catalyzed_JJ Fenton-like_JJ reaction_NN1 was_VBDZ greatly_RR attributed_VVN to_II the_AT effect_NN1 of_IO solution_NN1 chemistry_NN1 on_II the_AT amount_NN1 of_IO OH_UH formed_VVN in_II the_AT process_NN1 of_IO reaction_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT BNPC_NP1 electrode_NN1 showed_VVD a_AT1 high_JJ salt_NN1 adsorption_NN1 capacity_NN1 of_IO 16.63_MC mgg-1_MC1 in_II a_AT1 500_MC mgL-1_MC1 NaCl_NN1 aqueous_JJ solution_NN1 at_II a_AT1 cell_NN1 voltage_NN1 of_IO 1.4_MC V_NNU and_CC a_AT1 flow_NN1 rate_NN1 of_IO 40_MC mlmin-1_MC1 ,_, which_DDQ is_VBZ higher_JJR than_CSN those_DD2 of_IO pure_JJ ZIF-67_MC carbon_NN1 (_( 11.38_MC mg_NNU g-1_FO )_) ,_, ZIF-8_MC carbon_NN1 (_( 12.25_MC mg_NNU g-1_FO )_) ,_, and_CC commercial_JJ activated_JJ carbon_NN1 (_( 6.12_MC mg_NNU g-1_FO )_) under_II the_AT same_DA CDI_MC experimental_JJ conditions_NN2 with_IW a_AT1 good_JJ regeneration_NN1 performance_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Therefore_RR ,_, the_AT dominant_JJ pathways_NN2 can_VM potentially_RR vary_VVI in_II the_AT aforementioned_JJ studies_NN2 based_VVN on_II the_AT location_NN1 of_IO the_AT sampling_NN1 among_II the_AT different_JJ studies_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
SFNPs_NP1 and_CC their_APPGE NCs_NP2 are_VBR good_JJ adsorbents_NN2 for_IF most_DAT organic_JJ pollutants_NN2 discharged_VVN by_II various_JJ industries_NN2 into_II the_AT environment_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Capecitabine_VV0 ,_, DOX_NP1 hydrochloride_NN1 ,_, OH-D-TAM_NP1 ,_, ERL_NP1 hydrochloride_NN1 ,_, ETP_NP1 ,_, GEM_NN1 hydrochloride_NN1 ,_, IRI_JJ hydrochloride_NN1 trihydrate_NN1 ,_, OH-MET_JJ ,_, OH-PAC_NP1 ,_, OH-TAM_NP1 ,_, IMA_NP1 mesylate_NN1 ,_, MET_VVD ,_, TAM_NP1 citrate_NN1 and_CC TMZ_NP1 were_VBDR obtained_VVN from_II Santa_NP1 Cruz_NP1 Biotechnology_NN1 (_( Heidelberg_NP1 ,_, Germany_NP1 )_) and_CC PAC_NP1 was_VBDZ supplied_VVN by_II Aldrich_NP1 (_( Milwaukee_NP1 ,_, WI_NP1 ,_, USA_NP1 )_) at_II the_AT highest_JJT available_JJ purity_NN1 (_( >99%_FO )_) ._. 
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<s>
In_II31 case_II32 of_II33 real_JJ solutions_NN2 ,_, e._ZZ1 g._NNU brine_NN1 and/or_CC wastewaters_NN2 ,_, the_AT driving_JJ force_NN1 for_IF MD_NN1 will_VM be_VBI lowered_VVN due_II21 to_II22 the_AT decrease_NN1 in_II water_NN1 activity_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Early_JJ studies_NN2 revealed_VVD important_JJ findings_NN2 about_II clothing_VVG --_JJ skin_NN1 surface_NN1 interaction_NN1 as_II a_AT1 means_NN of_IO liberating_JJ bacteria-laden_JJ skin_NN1 flakes_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
It_PPH1 is_VBZ clear_JJ that_CST the_AT feed_NN1 solution_NN1 (_( at_II RR_NP1 =_FO 0%_NNU )_) was_VBDZ not_XX supersaturated_VVN (_( Sb_NP1 <_FO 1_MC1 )_) ,_, but_CCB ,_, at_II 10%_NNU RR_NP1 ,_, the_AT retentate_NN1 bulk_NN1 solution_NN1 was_VBDZ already_RR supersaturated_VVN (_( Sb_NP1 =_FO 1.03_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
After_II cooling_VVG at_II room_NN1 temperature_NN1 ,_, a_AT1 pentanol_NN1 solution_NN1 was_VBDZ transferred_VVN into_II a_AT1 50_MC mL_NNU polypropylene_NN1 (_( PP_NN1 )_) tube_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
In_II contrast_NN1 ,_, model-simulated_JJ AA_NP1 is_VBZ relatively_RR shallow_JJ but_CCB horizontally_RR extensive_JJ (_( Fig._NN1 1_MC1 )_) ,_, which_DDQ is_VBZ only_RR favourable_JJ for_IF a_AT1 weak_JJ disruption_NN1 of_IO the_AT polar_JJ vortex_NN1 that_CST does_VDZ not_XX significantly_RR cool_VVI the_AT midlatitudes_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
This_DD1 process_NN1 is_VBZ especially_RR important_JJ if_CS the_AT goal_NN1 is_VBZ to_TO predict_VVI the_AT exact_JJ turbidity_NN1 value_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Immobilization_NN1 method_NN1 is_VBZ very_RG widely_RR used_VVN in_II31 case_II32 of_II33 marine_JJ oil_NN1 spills_VVZ in_II which_DDQ microbes_VVZ or_CC their_APPGE enzyme_NN1 is_VBZ immobilized_VVN in_II a_AT1 limited_JJ space_NN1 by_II chemical_NN1 or_CC physical_JJ methods_NN2 ,_, which_DDQ make_VV0 them_PPHO2 keeping_VVG it_PPH1 active_JJ and_CC allowing_VVG its_APPGE reuse_NN1 (_( Cunningham_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2004_MC ;_; Gentili_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2006_MC ;_; Nunal_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2014_MC ;_; Zhang_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2016_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
However_RR ,_, in_II scenario_NN1 II_MC ,_, the_AT value_NN1 of_IO XS_MC2 increases_VVZ in_II MBBR2_FO because_CS hydrolysis_NN1 is_VBZ negligible_JJ (_( Fig._NN1 2_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Temporal_JJ and_CC spatial_JJ variations_NN2 in_II sidewalk_NN1 concentrations_NN2 of_IO PM2.5_FO and_CC EC_NP1 were_VBDR quantified_VVN at_II street_NN1 level_NN1 and_CC were_VBDR helpful_JJ for_IF designing_VVG mitigation_NN1 efforts_NN2 of_IO diesel_NN1 emissions_NN2 on_II nearby_JJ streets_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
In_II HBM4EU_FO ,_, the_AT results_NN2 of_IO the_AT combination_NN1 of_IO HBM_NP1 data_NN with_IW (_( existing_JJ )_) health_NN1 registries_NN2 ,_, cohort_NN1 studies_NN2 and_CC biobanks_NN2 and_CC the_AT application_NN1 of_IO novel_JJ effect_NN1 biomarkers_NN2 will_VM generate_VVI new_JJ insights_NN2 in_II the_AT risks_NN2 of_IO mixtures_NN2 in_II the_AT general_JJ population_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
After_CS 2-h_ZZ1 illumination_NN1 under_II the_AT solar_JJ light_NN1 ,_, samples_NN2 were_VBDR taken_VVN and_CC micro-filtered_VVN ._. 
</s>
<s>
They_PPHS2 are_VBR defined_VVN as_II a_AT1 mechanism_NN1 of_IO recognition_NN1 and_CC expulsion_NN1 of_IO toxic_JJ compounds_NN2 from_II within_II the_AT cell_NN1 to_II an_AT1 external_JJ substrate_NN1 before_CS they_PPHS2 reach_VV0 their_APPGE targets_NN2 (_( McKay_NP1 and_CC Nguyen_NP1 ,_, 2017_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Munschy_NP1 et_RA21 al_RA22 ._. 
</s>
<s>
(_( 2011_MC )_) found_VVD reduced_JJ BTBPE_NN1 contamination_NN1 in_RR21 common_RR22 sole_JJ ,_, and_CC the_AT authors_NN2 concluded_VVD that_CST BTBPE_NP1 origin_NN1 was_VBDZ not_XX directly_RR related_VVN to_II high_JJ anthropogenic_JJ activity_NN1 in_II the_AT Seine_NP1 estuary_NN1 ,_, since_CS concentrations_NN2 in_II such_DA samples_NN2 were_VBDR in_II the_AT same_DA range_NN1 as_CSA those_DD2 found_VVN in_II samples_NN2 from_II the_AT Atlantic_NP1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Lack_NN1 of_IO trust_NN1 may_VM prevent_VVI participation_NN1 of_IO some_DD stakeholders_NN2 ,_, and_CC boom/bust_VV0 dynamics_NN may_VM prohibit_VVI interview_NN1 saturation_NN1 wit_NN1 a_AT1 staKeuoiuer_NN1 group_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
There_EX was_VBDZ a_AT1 significant_JJ difference_NN1 in_II RHM_NP1 contents_NN2 between_II land_NN1 uses_NN2 ,_, with_IW the_AT order_NN1 of_IO rice_NN1 >_FO nursery_NN1 stock_NN1 ,_, orchard_NN1 >_FO soybean_NN1 >_FO weed_NN1 (_( Fig._NN1 3_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
In_II fact_NN1 ,_, Duncan_NP1 et_RA21 al_RA22 ._. 
</s>
<s>
(_( 2018_MC )_) and_CC Gundogdu_NP1 et_RA21 al_RA22 ._. 
</s>
<s>
(_( 2019_MC )_) reported_VVD that_DD1 plastic_NN1 pollution_NN1 negatively_RR affects_VVZ the_AT egg_NN1 laying_VVG activities_NN2 of_IO sea_NN1 turtles_NN2 and_CC the_AT hatchlings_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT chamber_NN1 air_NN1 was_VBDZ sampled_VVN at_II 300_MC sccm_NNU ._. 
</s>
<s>
A_AT1 cold_JJ start_NN1 for_IF flexible_JJ MABs_NP2 in_II sub-freezing_JJ environments_NN2 is_VBZ also_RR critical_JJ for_IF their_APPGE application_NN1 in_II cold_JJ regions_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
In_RR21 particular_RR22 ,_, ultrasonic_JJ waves_NN2 substantially_RR increased_VVD the_AT extraction_NN1 yield_NN1 of_IO reducing_VVG sugars_NN2 with_IW water_NN1 as_CSA extraction_NN1 solvent_NN1 --_NN1 approximately_RR 2_MC times_NNT2 ,_, while_CS almost_RR had_VHD no_AT effect_NN1 of_IO the_AT extraction_NN1 yield_NN1 of_IO phenols_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
After_II 45_MC d_ZZ1 ,_, the_AT MBR_NP1 systems_NN2 achieved_VVN a_AT1 stable_JJ state_NN1 and_CC Fig._NN1 4_MC compared_VVD the_AT pollutants_NN2 removal_NN1 in_II different_JJ MBRs_NP1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
If_CS the_AT assumptions_NN2 behind_II the_AT regression_NN1 hold_NN1 and_CC all_DB important_JJ external_JJ drivers_NN2 have_VH0 been_VBN accounted_VVN for_IF ,_, then_RT the_AT residual_JJ ,_, R_ZZ1 ,_, from_II the_AT regression_NN1 should_VM be_VBI indistinguishable_JJ from_II this_DD1 autonomous_JJ variability_NN1 ,_, as_CSA estimated_VVN from_II unforced_JJ simulations_NN2 (_( see_VV0 Supplementary_JJ Table_NN1 3_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
To_II our_APPGE knowledge_NN1 ,_, 60W/m2_FU is_VBZ the_AT highest_JJT module_NN1 power_NN1 density_NN1 achieved_VVN in_II the_AT literature_NN1 ,_, using_VVG a_AT1 coupon-sized_JJ system_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
UV-vis_MC2 DRS_NP1 spectra_NN2 indicates_VVZ that_CST the_AT absorption_NN1 edge_NN1 of_IO PUOCNs_NP2 displays_VVZ a_AT1 remarkable_JJ blue_JJ shift_NN1 (_( from_II 470_MC to_II 435_MC nm_FU )_) in_II31 comparison_II32 with_II33 the_AT bulk_NN1 g-C3N4_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT maximum_JJ concentrations_NN2 were_VBDR obtained_VVN at_II 150_MC °C_NNU for_IF all_DB three_MC of_IO these_DD2 biopolymers_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT specific_JJ objectives_NN2 of_IO this_DD1 review_NN1 are_VBR to_II :_: (_( i_ZZ1 )_) assess_VV0 concentration_NN1 exposure_NN1 of_IO inpram_NN1 babies_NN2 ;_; (_( ii_MC )_) classify_VV0 the_AT pram-designs_NN2 ;_; (_( iii_MC )_) understand_VV0 flow_NN1 features_NN2 around_II prams_NN2 ;_; (_( iv_MC )_) evaluate_VV0 the_AT physico-chemical_JJ properties_NN2 of_IO particles_NN2 inhaled_VVN by_II in-pram_JJ babies_NN2 ;_; (_( v_ZZ1 )_) explore_VV0 a_AT1 range_NN1 of_IO mitigation_NN1 technologies_NN2 via_II different_JJ pathways_NN2 ;_; and_CC (_( vi_MC )_) critically_RR analyse_VV0 the_AT role_NN1 of_IO community_NN1 engagement_NN1 and_CC public_JJ policy_NN1 instruments_NN2 as_CSA essential_JJ tools_NN2 to_TO complement_VVI technology-centric_JJ mitigation_NN1 efforts_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
It_PPH1 is_VBZ worth_II noting_VVG that_CST microorganisms_NN2 may_VM be_VBI the_AT most_RGT active_JJ soil_NN1 constituents_NN2 in_II the_AT stabilization_NN1 of_IO heavy_JJ metals_NN2 ,_, especially_RR at_II low_JJ metal_NN1 concentrations_NN2 (_( Yu_NP1 and_CC Fein_NP1 ,_, 2015_MC ;_; Nell_NP1 and_CC Fein_NP1 ,_, 2017_MC ;_; Yuan_NNU et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2018_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT paulownia_NN1 wood_NN1 chips_NN2 were_VBDR mixed_VVN with_IW water_NN1 in_II a_AT1 pilot_NN1 plant_NN1 reactor_NN1 and_CC was_VBDZ heated_VVN to_II 160_MC °C_NNU for_IF 2_MC h_ZZ1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
LinA_NN1 and_CC LinB_VV0 together_RL transform_VV0 y-HCH_NN1 to_II (_( 2,5-DDOL_FO )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
In_II the_AT following_JJ operational_JJ days_NNT2 ,_, the_AT concentrations_NN2 of_IO the_AT SMP_NP1 fractions_NN2 declined_VVN and_CC maintained_VVN at_II a_AT1 relatively_RR steady_JJ level_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
G-PSC_NP1 exhibited_VVD excellent_JJ stability_NN1 during_II exposure_NN1 to_II humidity_NN1 and_CC heat_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Arsenic_NN1 may_VM promote_VVI phosphate_NN1 deficiency_NN1 in_II plants_NN2 ,_, due_II21 to_II22 the_AT competition_NN1 between_II this_DD1 macronutrient_NN1 and_CC arsenate_VV0 for_IF the_AT phosphate_NN1 transporter_NN1 (_( Pigna_NP1 et_RA21 al_RA22 ._. 
</s>
<s>
2009_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Cities_NN2 are_VBR responsible_JJ for_IF 78%_NNU of_IO carbon_NN1 emissions_NN2 globally_RR (_( O_ZZ1 '_NULL Meara_NP1 ,_, 1999_MC )_) and_CC ambient_JJ air-pollution_JJ levels_NN2 are_VBR typically_RR higher_JJR in_II urban_JJ environments_NN2 (_( WHO_NP1 ,_, 2016a_FO )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Examples_NN2 include_VV0 enhanced_JJ continental_JJ warming_NN1 ,_, polar_JJ amplification_NN1 and_CC the_AT wet-gets-wetter_JJR effect_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
When_CS 20_MC mg_NNU L_ZZ1 1_MC1 p-CNB_NN1 was_VBDZ added_VVN (_( Fig._NN1 1(c)_FO )_) under_II anaerobic_JJ conditions_NN2 ,_, NB_FO and_CC p-CNB_NN1 could_VM be_VBI biodegraded_VVN completely_RR ._. 
</s>
<s>
During_II prechlorinaion_NN1 and_CC postchlorination_NN1 treatment_NN1 processes_NN2 ,_, nitroamines_NN2 form_VV0 as_CSA by-products_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT resulting_JJ negative_JJ surface_NN1 charge_NN1 is_VBZ neutralized_VVN by_II exchangeable_JJ cations_NN2 like_II H_ZZ1 +_FO ,_, K+_FO ,_, Na+_FO and_CC Ca2+_FO lying_VVG in_II the_AT interlamellar_JJ regions_NN2 of_IO the_AT sheets_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Scaling_NN1 and_CC fouling_VVG in_II MD_NN1 are_VBR found_VVN to_TO be_VBI pervasive_JJ ,_, but_CCB design_NN1 and_CC mitigation_NN1 methods_NN2 have_VH0 proven_VVN effective_JJ at_II making_VVG MD_NN1 technology_NN1 resistant_JJ to_II scaling_NN1 and_CC fouling_VVG ._. 
</s>
<s>
With_IW the_AT increased_JJ of_IO SPC_NP1 ,_, Cart_NN1 and_CC Barchl_NP1 productions_NN2 in_II 2-10_MCMC mg/_FU L_NNU dosage_NN1 groups_NN2 ,_, this_DD1 new_JJ method_NN1 can_VM make_VVI a_AT1 certain_JJ profit_NN1 in_II R._NP1 spheroides_VVZ the_AT mixed_JJ wastewater_NN1 treatment_NN1 at_II the_AT same_DA time_NNT1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
There_EX were_VBDR only_RR little_JJ fluctuation_NN1 at_II the_AT alkaline_JJ conditions_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Because_CS dispersion_NN1 during_II stagnation_NN1 periods_NN2 is_VBZ challenging_VVG to_TO simulate_VVI accurately_RR ,_, future_JJ field_NN1 campaigns_NN2 should_VM evaluate_VVI the_AT actual_JJ potential_NN1 for_IF elevated_JJ acute_JJ exposures_NN2 ,_, focusing_VVG on_II periods_NN2 when_RRQ high_JJ emission_NN1 activities_NN2 occur_VV0 in_II combination_NN1 with_IW shallow_JJ boundary_NN1 layers_NN2 and_CC low_JJ wind_NN1 speeds_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
They_PPHS2 found_VVD that_CST 2uPFOA_FO and_CC 2HPFOA_FO are_VBR biodegradation_NN1 products_NN2 of_IO 8:2_MC fluorotelomer_NN1 acid_NN1 and_CC suggested_VVD modifications_NN2 to_II 8:2_MC FTOH_NP1 biodegradation_NN1 pathways_NN2 proposed_VVN by_II other_JJ investigators_NN2 (_( Washington_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2015_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
In_II the_AT same_DA way_NN1 that_CST scientists_NN2 document_VV0 ecological_JJ changes_NN2 in_II a_AT1 specific_JJ area_NN1 or_CC ecosystem_NN1 ,_, subsistence-oriented_JJ communities_NN2 observe_VV0 changes_NN2 in_II their_APPGE environments_NN2 and_CC infer_VV0 ecological_JJ linkages_NN2 among_II species_NN and_CC ecological_JJ and_CC physical_JJ processes_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT supply_NN1 chain_NN1 impacts_NN2 of_IO decentralized_JJ nitrogen_NN1 management_NN1 are_VBR spatially_RR sensitive_JJ and_CC can_VM only_RR be_VBI captured_VVN with_IW detailed_JJ spatial_JJ modeling_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
A_AT1 real-time_JJ tracking_JJ study_NN1 for_IF a_AT1 1-year_JJ period_NN1 showed_VVD that_CST the_AT average_JJ monthly_JJ concentration_NN1 of_IO alkyl-naphthalene_NN1 (_( as_CSA the_AT most_RGT volatile_JJ PAH_NN1 )_) in_II a_AT1 HSWI_NN1 was_VBDZ 67.4ngm-3_MC that_CST were_VBDR lower_JJR than_CSN the_AT safe_JJ level_NN1 of_IO daily_JJ human_JJ exposure_NN1 for_IF chronic_JJ inhalation_NN1 (_( 0.003mgm-3_MC )_) and_CC may_VM be_VBI used_VVN to_TO evaluate_VVI the_AT environmental_JJ contribution_NN1 of_IO alkyl-naphthalene_NN1 from_II HSWIs_NP1 in_II Nigeria_NP1 (_( Adedayo_NP1 Adesina_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2017_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
We_PPIS2 gratefully_RR acknowledge_VV0 the_AT financial_JJ support_NN1 from_II the_AT National_JJ Science_NN1 Fund_NN1 for_IF Distinguished_JJ Young_JJ Scholars_NN2 (_( No._NN1 21125627_MC )_) ,_, the_AT National_JJ Natural_JJ Science_NN1 Foundation_NN1 of_IO China_NP1 (_( Nos._NN2 21306131_MC and_CC 21490583_MC )_) ,_, the_AT Program_NN1 of_IO Introducing_VVG Talents_NN2 of_IO Discipline_NN1 to_II Universities_NN2 (_( No._NN1 :_: B06006_FO )_) ,_, Tianjin_NP1 Application_NN1 Foundation_NN1 and_CC Research_NN1 in_II Cutting-edge_JJ Technology_NN1 Plan_NN1 (_( 15JCQNJC43300_FO )_) ,_, and_CC the_AT State_NN1 Key_NN1 Laboratory_NN1 of_IO Chemical_NN1 Engineering_NN1 (_( No_UH ._. 
</s>
<s>
SKL-ChE-14B03_NP1 )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
This_DD1 has_VHZ previously_RR not_XX been_VBN attempted_VVN or_CC reported_VVN in_II literature_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
In_II fact_NN1 ,_, it_PPH1 may_VM be_VBI difficult_JJ to_TO measure_VVI specific_JJ attitudes_NN2 and_CC behaviour_NN1 directly_RR ,_, while_CS it_PPH1 is_VBZ easier_JJR to_TO identify_VVI a_AT1 set_NN1 of_IO proxy_NN1 variables_NN2 (_( i._MC e._ZZ1 indicators_NN2 )_) that_CST can_VM be_VBI used_JJ to_II measure_NN1 behaviour_NN1 indirectly_RR thus_RR defining_VVG it_PPH1 as_II a_AT1 latent_JJ composite_JJ construct_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT highest_JJT concentration_NN1 mixture_NN1 was_VBDZ saturated_VVN with_IW both_DB2 phthalates_NN2 at_II 25_MC °C_NNU ._. 
</s>
<s>
Free_JJ energy_NN1 perturbation_NN1 and_CC thermodynamic_JJ integration_NN1 techniques_NN2 were_VBDR applied_VVN to_TO calculate_VVI the_AT free_JJ energies_NN2 of_IO cation_NN1 exchange_NN1 processes_NN2 for_IF hydrated_JJ clay_NN1 minerals_NN2 with_IW different_JJ exchangeable_JJ cations_NN2 ;_; these_DD2 methods_NN2 successfully_RR interpreted_VVD the_AT thermodynamic_JJ origin_NN1 of_IO interlayer_NN1 hydrophobicity_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT CO_NP1 levels_NN2 recorded_VVN across_II the_AT different_JJ transport_NN1 microenvironments_NN2 do_VD0 not_XX represent_VVI a_AT1 major_JJ health_NN1 risk_NN1 since_CS they_PPHS2 are_VBR well_JJ below_II local_JJ and_CC international_JJ air_NN1 quality_NN1 standards_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT Table_NN1 3_MC shows_VVZ the_AT obtained_VVN electrochemical_JJ parameters_NN2 from_II fitted_JJ Nyquist_NP1 plot_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
All_DB the_AT GDLs_NP1 were_VBDR characterized_VVN at_RR21 least_RR22 three_MC times_NNT2 on_II new_JJ assemblies_NN2 to_TO ensure_VVI reliable_JJ data_NN and_CC generate_VVI proper_JJ error_NN1 bars_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
These_DD2 two_MC reactive_JJ monomers_NN2 react_VV0 with_IW each_PPX221 other_PPX222 at_II the_AT interface_NN1 to_TO form_VVI a_AT1 dense_JJ polymer_NN1 layer_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Currently_RR and_CC according_II21 to_II22 Sigma_NN1 Aldrich_NP1 ,_, the_AT market_NN1 price_NN1 of_IO the_AT cellulases_NN2 is_VBZ approximately_RR $9500_NNU USD/gal_NN1 of_IO enzyme_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT instrumental_JJ determination_NN1 of_IO PAHs_NP2 was_VBDZ performed_VVN by_II HPLC_NP1 with_IW a_AT1 fluorescence_NN1 detector_NN1 (_( Waters_NP1 ,_, Milford_NP1 ,_, MA_NNA ,_, USA_NP1 )_) ,_, and_CC equipped_VVN with_IW a_AT1 Pursuit_NN1 3-PAH_NN1 column_NN1 (_( 100_MC x_ZZ1 4.6_MC mm_NNU i._MC d._NNU ,_, 3_MC pm_RA )_) from_II Agilent_NP1 (_( Santa_NP1 Clara_NP1 ,_, CA_NP1 ,_, USA_NP1 )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
TPV_NP1 and_CC TPC_NP1 measurements_NN2 were_VBDR performed_VVN using_VVG a_AT1 self-designed_JJ system_NN1 excited_VVN by_II a_AT1 532_MC nm_FU (_( Brio_NP1 ,_, 20_MC Hz_NNU ,_, 4_MC ns_FO )_) pulse_NN1 laser_NN1 in_II the_AT dark_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
According_II21 to_II22 the_AT World_NN1 Health_NN1 Organization_NN1 (_( WHO_NP1 )_) the_AT permissible_JJ maximum_JJ limit_NN1 of_IO As_CSA in_II drinking_VVG water_NN1 is_VBZ 10_MC mg_NNU L_ZZ1 1_MC1 (_( Yamamura_NP1 ,_, 2001_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
ABSTRACT_VV0 :_: Perfluoroalkyl_NP1 and_CC polyfluoroalkyl_NN1 substances_NN2 (_( PFAS_NP2 )_) are_VBR a_AT1 group_NN1 of_IO persistent_JJ and_CC mobile_JJ fluoro-organic_JJ chemicals_NN2 that_CST have_VH0 been_VBN detected_VVN in_II many_DA2 water_NN1 supplies_NN2 ,_, and_CC their_APPGE recommended_JJ safe_JJ concentrations_NN2 in_II drinking_VVG water_NN1 are_VBR as_RG low_JJ as_CSA 6_MC ng/L_FU ._. 
</s>
<s>
Current_JJ technological_JJ advances_NN2 suggest_VV0 that_CST amine-containing_JJ sorbents_NN2 can_VM provide_VVI alternative_JJ solutions_NN2 to_II PFAS_NP2 control_VV0 in_II the_AT treatment_NN1 of_IO municipal_JJ water_NN1 and_CC wastewater_NN1 at_II relatively_RR low_JJ PFAS_NP2 concentrations_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Meanwhile_RR ,_, there_EX is_VBZ no_AT significant_JJ hysteresis_NN1 loop_NN1 ,_, which_DDQ is_VBZ ascribed_VVN to_II a_AT1 small_JJ fraction_NN1 of_IO mesopores_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
For_IF more_DAR details_NN2 of_IO this_DD1 procedure_NN1 see_VV0 the_AT literature_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Among_II the_AT three_MC applied_JJ distributors_NN2 ,_, the_AT pyramidal_JJ and_CC dome-like_JJ types_NN2 showed_VVD better_JJR performance_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Recently_RR ,_, some_DD empirical_JJ studies_NN2 have_VH0 confirmed_VVN that_CST the_AT sprawl_NN1 extent_NN1 of_IO small_JJ and_CC medium-sized_JJ cities_NN2 were_VBDR more_RGR critical_JJ than_CSN large_JJ and_CC mega_JJ cities_NN2 (_( Li_NP1 and_CC Li_NP1 ,_, 2019_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT incorporated_JJ CoO_NN1 acts_VVZ as_II an_AT1 electron_NN1 transfer_NN1 mediator_NN1 ,_, which_DDQ prevents_VVZ the_AT recombination_NN1 of_IO hole-electron_JJ pairs_NN2 created_VVN mainly_RR by_II anatase_NN1 under_II solar_JJ irradiation_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
However_RR ,_, the_AT specifics_NN2 of_IO this_DD1 formation_NN1 ,_, as_II31 well_II32 as_II33 the_AT causative_JJ compounds_NN2 ,_, remain_VV0 to_TO be_VBI elucidated_VVN ._. 
</s>
<s>
Meanwhile_RR ,_, Vasanth_NP1 et_RA21 al_RA22 ._. 
</s>
<s>
prepared_JJ low_JJ cost_NN1 ceramic_NN1 membranes_NN2 using_VVG the_AT uniaxial_JJ compaction_NN1 method_NN1 by_II varying_VVG different_JJ compositions_NN2 of_IO inorganic_JJ precursors_NN2 and_CC clays_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
While_CS the_AT exact_JJ numbers_NN2 for_IF irradiation_NN1 ,_, capacity_NN1 factor_NN1 ,_, and_CC efficiency_NN1 can_VM be_VBI debated_VVN ,_, the_AT current_JJ numbers_NN2 allow_VV0 an_AT1 order_NN1 of_IO magnitude_NN1 determination_NN1 of_IO the_AT feasibility_NN1 of_IO using_VVG Pt_FO in_II photoelectrochemical_JJ devices_NN2 and_CC although_CS some_DD simulation_NN1 parameters_NN2 might_VM not_XX correspond_VVI to_II the_AT actual_JJ reaction_NN1 kinetics_NN1 ,_, they_PPHS2 provide_VV0 a_AT1 reasonably_RR good_JJ fit_NN1 to_II experimental_JJ results_NN2 for_IF current_JJ densities_NN2 up_RG21 to_RG22 20_MC mA_NN1 cm-2_MC ._. 
</s>
<s>
Another_DD1 class_NN1 of_IO the_AT current_JJ inhibitors_NN2 is_VBZ polycarboxylate_NN1 ,_, which_DDQ has_VHZ a_AT1 low_JJ calcium_NN1 tolerance_NN1 and_CC will_VM react_VVI with_IW calcium_NN1 ions_NN2 to_TO form_VVI insoluble_JJ calcium-polymer_JJ salts_NN2 &lsqb;_( 12_MC &rsqb;_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
For_REX21 example_REX22 ,_, even_RR at_II a_AT1 high_JJ dispersant_NN1 concentration_NN1 (_( 2_MC wt_NN1 %_NNU carboxymethylcellulose_NN1 )_) ,_, the_AT hydrodynamic_JJ diameter_NN1 (_( Dh_NP1 )_) is_VBZ much_RR larger_JJR for_IF the_AT magnetic_JJ CNTs-Fe3O4_NN1 vs_II CNTs_NP1 (_( 3264_MC nm_FU vs_II 3052_MC nm_FU ;_; ADh_NP1 =_FO 212_MC nm_FU )_) ,_, given_CS21 that_CS22 the_AT anchored_JJ Fe3O4_FO is_VBZ only_RR 20-30_MCMC nm_FU ._. 
</s>
<s>
However_RR ,_, with_II31 respect_II32 to_II33 thermal_JJ efficiency_NN1 ,_, these_DD2 studies_NN2 mainly_RR focus_VV0 on_II conductive_JJ resistance_NN1 due_JJ to_TO scale_VVI formation_NN1 ,_, and_CC often_RR do_VD0 not_XX address_VVI the_AT type_NN1 of_IO transport_NN1 phenomena_NN2 that_CST are_VBR important_JJ in_II the_AT context_NN1 of_IO fluid-membrane_JJ systems_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
These_DD2 observations_NN2 motivated_VVN a_AT1 number_NN1 of_IO computer_NN1 simulations_NN2 ,_, reproducing_VVG the_AT absorption_NN1 of_IO cations_NN2 by_II phospholipid_JJ bilayers_NN2 and_CC complementing_VVG the_AT general_JJ picture_NN1 proposed_VVN by_II experiments_NN2 with_IW a_AT1 wealth_NN1 of_IO microscopic_JJ details_NN2 on_II the_AT structure_NN1 and_CC dynamics_NN of_IO ternary_JJ water/RTIL/_NN1 phospholipid_JJ systems_NN2 (_( see_VV0 Figure_NN1 2_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
Among_II which_DDQ ,_, laccase_NN1 was_VBDZ an_AT1 important_JJ industrial_JJ enzyme_NN1 had_VHD broad_JJ applications_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Results_NN2 are_VBR shown_VVN in_II Table_NN1 5_MC ._. 
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<s>
Cocaine_NN1 is_VBZ preferably_RR not_XX used_VVN for_IF estimating_VVG consumption_NN1 because_CS it_PPH1 is_VBZ only_RR partially_RR excreted_VVN in_II urine_NN1 as_CSA unchanged_JJ drug_NN1 (_( 1-9%_FO of_IO an_AT1 administered_JJ dose_NN1 )_) and_CC it_PPH1 is_VBZ unstable_JJ in_II wastewater_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
A_AT1 longitudinal_JJ study_NN1 reported_VVD that_CST people_NN with_IW lower_JJR LINE-1_MC1 methylation_NN1 were_VBDR likely_JJ to_TO have_VHI higher_JJR risk_NN1 of_IO ischemic_JJ heart_NN1 disease_NN1 and_CC stroke_NN1 (_( Baccarelli_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2010_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
The_AT four_MC groups_NN2 of_IO wastes_NN2 represent_VV0 85%_NNU of_IO all_DB organic_JJ wastes_NN2 produced_VVN in_II Tunisia_NP1 ._. 
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<s>
This_DD1 list_NN1 of_IO darkfood_NN1 chain_NN1 substrates_NN2 is_VBZ not_XX meant_VVN to_TO be_VBI exclusive_JJ ._. 
</s>
<s>
These_DD2 articles_NN2 covered_VVD several_DA2 aspects_NN2 ,_, including_II social_JJ ,_, political_JJ ,_, environmental_JJ ,_, public_JJ health_NN1 ,_, technical_JJ aspects_NN2 and_RR31 so_RR32 on_RR33 ,_, which_DDQ were_VBDR mainly_RR related_VVN to_II the_AT context_NN1 of_IO developing_JJ countries_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
More_RGR specifically_RR ,_, EcoHealth_NP1 is_VBZ based_VVN on_II the_AT premise_NN1 that_CST human_JJ health_NN1 and_CC well-being_NN1 is_VBZ dependent_JJ on_II that_DD1 of_IO the_AT environment_NN1 (_( Lebel_NP1 ,_, 2003_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
A_AT1 partially_RR engulfed_JJ structure_NN1 with_IW inorganic_JJ on_II the_AT outside_NN1 was_VBDZ also_RR observed_VVN for_IF submicrometer_JJR particles_NN2 of_IO mixed_JJ adipic_JJ acid_NN1 and_CC ammonium_NN1 sulfate_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Therefore_RR ,_, proteins_NN2 as_II the_AT dominant_JJ component_NN1 in_II EPS_NP1 have_VH0 a_AT1 stronger_JJR interaction_NN1 with_IW antibiotics_NN2 over_II humic-like_JJ substances_NN2 ._. 
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The_AT mass_JJ transfer_NN1 occurs_VVZ through_II the_AT pores_NN2 of_IO the_AT membrane_NN1 whereas_CS heat_NN1 is_VBZ transferred_VVN through_II both_DB2 the_AT membrane_NN1 bulk_NN1 and_CC also_RR open-end_JJ pores_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Furthermore_RR ,_, international_JJ collaborations_NN2 were_VBDR established_VVN to_TO transfer_VVI knowledge_NN1 and_CC expertise_NN1 on_II design_NN1 for_IF sustainability_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
They_PPHS2 are_VBR of_IO wide_JJ range_NN1 and_CC ubiquitous_JJ ,_, including_II all_DB kinds_NN2 of_IO antibiotics_NN2 ,_, painkillers_NN2 and_CC antihypertensive_JJ pharmaceuticals_NN2 (_( Jin_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2017_MC ;_; Sarkar_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2015_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
Methyl_NN1 bromide_NN1 (_( MeBr_NP1 )_) ,_, methyl_NN1 iodide_NN1 (_( MeI_NP1 )_) ,_, and_CC metam_VV0 sodium_NN1 are_VBR all_DB fumigants_NN2 that_CST are_VBR currently_RR used_VVN or_CC have_VH0 been_VBN used_VVN as_CSA pesticides_NN2 for_IF soils_NN2 (_( agriculture_NN1 )_) ,_, food_NN1 commodities_NN2 ,_, and/or_CC structures_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT particle_NN1 size_NN1 was_VBDZ kept_VVN at_II 50_MC nm_FU to_II 100_MC nm_FU ._. 
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<s>
We_PPIS2 acknowledge_VV0 that_CST this_DD1 will_VM underestimate_VVI E._NP1 coli_NN2 loads_NN2 as_II the_AT time_NNT1 distribution_NN1 of_IO E._NP1 coli_NN2 concentrations_NN2 will_VM be_VBI positively_RR skewed_VVN ._. 
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<s>
The_AT pH_NN1 ,_, EC_NP1 ,_, total_JJ and_CC soluble_JJ COD_NN ,_, and_CC total_JJ VFA_NN1 that_CST was_VBDZ calculated_VVN from_II individual_JJ VFA_NN1 species_NN concentrations_NN2 measured_VVD using_VVG GC-FID_JJ as_CSA detailed_VVN in_II our_APPGE earlier_JJR publication_NN1 (_( Xu_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2011_MC ,_, 2014_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
To_TO better_RRR understand_VVI this_DD1 phenomenon_NN1 ,_, the_AT microbial_JJ communities_NN2 are_VBR often_RR studied_VVN with_IW the_AT objective_NN1 to_II (_( 1_MC1 )_) identify_VV0 the_AT most_RGT important_JJ microbial_JJ players_NN2 ,_, (_( 2_MC )_) investigate_VV0 the_AT interspecies_NN microbial_JJ interactions_NN2 ;_; and_CC (_( 3_MC )_) get_VV0 insights_NN2 into_II the_AT interspecies_NN electron_NN1 transfer_NN1 mechanisms_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
This_DD1 indicated_VVD that_CST Cu2+_FO played_VVD a_AT1 major_JJ role_NN1 in_II the_AT strong_JJ inhibition_NN1 effect_NN1 of_IO CuO_NN1 toward_II E._NP1 coli_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
It_PPH1 should_VM be_VBI noted_VVN that_CST the_AT pore_NN1 sizes_NN2 measured_VVN in_II this_DD1 manner_NN1 may_VM show_VVI some_DD disagreement_NN1 with_IW those_DD2 obtained_VVN through_II other_JJ methods_NN2 ,_, such_II21 as_II22 the_AT membrane_NN1 transport_NN1 method_NN1 or_CC porosimetry_NN1 techniques_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT accuracies_NN2 of_IO PTEs_NP2 measurements_NN2 were_VBDR verified_VVN with_IW standard_JJ reference_NN1 materials_NN2 of_IO urine_NN1 (_( Clinchek-control_NN1 ;_; RECIPE_NN1 ,_, Munich_NP1 ,_, Germany_NP1 )_) and_CC human_JJ hair_NN1 (_( GBW09101_FO ,_, Shanghai_NP1 Institute_NN1 of_IO Nuclear_JJ Research_NN1 Academia_NN1 Sinica_NP1 ,_, China_NP1 )_) ._. 
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<s>
Ag3P°4_FO ,_, Ag3V°4_FO ,_, Ag2Mo°4_FO and_CC other_JJ siliver_NN1 based_VVN semiconductors_NN2 were_VBDR synthesized_VVN by_II a_AT1 hydrothermal_JJ method_NN1 as_II the_AT highly_RR effective_JJ photocatalysts_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT two_MC compartments_NN2 evolve_VV0 differently_RR ,_, producing_VVG a_AT1 depth_NN1 gradient_NN1 in_II the_AT concentration_NN1 of_IO photo-degradable_JJ compounds_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Error_NN1 bars_NN2 for_IF GHG_NP1 emissions_NN2 do_VD0 not_XX overlap_VVI when_CS comparing_VVG HI_UH with_IW no_UH HI_UH cases_NN2 ,_, and_CC therefore_RR there_EX is_VBZ very_RG low_JJ risk_NN1 in_II concluding_VVG that_CST HI_UH improves_VVZ emissions_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Also_RR ,_, to_TO fully_RR understand_VVI the_AT behavior_NN1 of_IO ion_NN1 selectivity_NN1 ,_, some_DD topological_JJ factors_NN2 ,_, such_II21 as_II22 the_AT size_NN1 and_CC flexibility_NN1 of_IO the_AT pore_NN1 ,_, the_AT chemical_JJ nature_NN1 of_IO the_AT pore_NN1 lining_NN1 ,_, and_CC the_AT coordination_NN1 numbers_NN2 accessible_JJ to_II ions_NN2 in_II the_AT pore_NN1 must_VM be_VBI carefully_RR considered_VVN and_CC assessed_VVN ._. 
</s>
<s>
Van_NP1 Donkelaar_NP1 et_RA21 al_RA22 ._. 
</s>
<s>
produced_VVN a_AT1 longterm_NN1 (_( 2001-2006_MCMC )_) global_JJ surface_NN1 PM2.5_FO data_NN set_VVN at_II a_AT1 resolution_NN1 of_IO 0.1°_FO X_ZZ1 0.1°_FO (_( 10_MC X_ZZ1 10_MC km2_FO )_) ,_, by_II combining_VVG satellite_NN1 AOD_NN1 measurements_NN2 with_IW knowledge_NN1 of_IO the_AT relationship_NN1 between_II surface_NN1 PM2.5_FO and_CC AOD_VV0 from_II GEOS-Chem_JJ simulations_NN2 and_CC found_VVD that_CST these_DD2 data_NN well_RR represented_VVN PM2.5_FO monitors_VVZ in_II North_ND1 America_NP1 (_( r_ZZ1 =_FO 0.77_MC ,_, slope_NN1 =_FO 1.07_MC ,_, n_ZZ1 =_FO 1057_MC )_) and_CC elsewhere_RL in_II the_AT world_NN1 (_( r_ZZ1 =_FO 0.83_MC ,_, slope_NN1 =_FO 0.86_MC ,_, n_ZZ1 =_FO 244_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
In_II their_APPGE structural_JJ characterizations_NN2 ,_, XPS_NP1 confirmed_VVD the_AT successful_JJ co-doping_NN1 of_IO N_ZZ1 and_CC S_ZZ1 onto_II the_AT carbon_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT seven-city_NN1 averaged_VVD CO_NP1 concentration_NN1 in_II 2013_MC (_( 505_MC ppb_NNU )_) was_VBDZ nonetheless_RR considerably_RR higher_JJR than_CSN the_AT regional_JJ background_NN1 level_NN1 for_IF Korea_NP1 (_( 241_MC ±_FO 47_MC ppb_NNU :_: range_NN1 136_MC --_JJ 378_MC ppb_NNU )_) recorded_VVD between_II 1991_MC and_CC 2013_MC at_II the_AT rural_JJ coastal_JJ site_NN1 on_II the_AT Tae-Ahn_NP1 Peninsula_NN1 (_( TAP_NN1 )_) (_( Fig._NN1 1_MC1 ,_, Figs_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Replacing_VVG the_AT most_RGT hazardous_JJ fungicides_NN2 with_IW more_RGR environmentally_RR friendly_JJ alternatives_NN2 might_VM be_VBI seen_VVN as_II a_AT1 complementary_JJ and_CC necessary_JJ measure_NN1 toward_II more_RGR sustainable_JJ agricultural_JJ practices_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Generally_RR ,_, CO_NP1 exhibited_VVD its_APPGE strongest_JJT correlations_NN2 with_IW SO2_FO ,_, total_JJ suspended_JJ particles_NN2 (_( TSP_NP1 )_) ,_, and_CC O3_FO as_CSA shown_VVN in_II Fig._NN1 6S_MC2 for_CS all_DB seven_MC cities_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
All_DB stain_VV0 combinations_NN2 and_CC incubation_NN1 temperatures_NN2 were_VBDR analysed_VVN in_II triplicate_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
We_PPIS2 expected_VVD to_TO see_VVI increasing_JJ hot_JJ weather_NN1 risk_NN1 with_IW increasing_JJ values_NN2 of_IO each_DD1 index_NN1 ,_, and_CC maximum_JJ ORs_NN2 greater_JJR than_CSN those_DD2 for_IF any_DD of_IO the_AT four_MC contributing_JJ variables_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
As_CSA Fig._NN1 1A_FO shown_VVN ,_, the_AT timeline_NN1 of_IO VEGF_NP1 activation_NN1 matched_VVN that_DD1 of_IO HIF-1a_FO upon_II BPA_NP1 treatment_NN1 in_II hypoxic_JJ environment_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
To_TO understand_VVI the_AT contributions_NN2 of_IO different_JJ fouling_NN1 components_NN2 and_CC their_APPGE complex_JJ interplay_NN1 ,_, an_AT1 increasing_JJ number_NN1 of_IO investigations_NN2 have_VH0 studied_VVN the_AT mechanisms_NN2 of_IO MF_NP1 and_CC UF_VV0 algal_JJ fouling_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
ABSTRACT_VV0 :_: Carbon_NN1 accounting_NN1 results_NN2 for_IF the_AT same_DA city_NN1 can_VM differ_VVI due_II21 to_II22 differences_NN2 in_II protocols_NN2 ,_, methods_NN2 ,_, and_CC data_NN sources_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
This_DD1 study_NN1 has_VHZ limitations_NN2 as_CSA it_PPH1 involved_VVD a_AT1 single_JJ piece_NN1 of_IO information_NN1 and_CC explicit_JJ processing_NN1 instructions_NN2 that_CST may_VM not_XX resemble_VVI how_RRQ people_NN act_VV0 outside_II a_AT1 survey_NN1 setting_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Phase_NN1 identification_NN1 in_II our_APPGE Fe2O3/SiO2_JJ dispersed_JJ samples_NN2 was_VBDZ first_MD attempted_VVN by_II recording_NN1 and_CC analyzing_VVG the_AT powder_NN1 XRD_NP1 patterns_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT salinity_NN1 of_IO the_AT OMBR-based_JJ hybrid_JJ system_NN1 can_VM be_VBI controlled_VVN at_II a_AT1 moderate_JJ level_NN1 due_II21 to_II22 the_AT nutrient_NN1 and_CC mineral_NN1 salts_NN2 consumed_VVN by_II nutrient_NN1 recovery_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Only_RR a_AT1 small_JJ portion_NN1 of_IO NOx_NP1 emitted_VVD by_II motor_NN1 vehicles_NN2 is_VBZ in_II the_AT form_NN1 of_IO NO2_FO while_CS NO_AT remains_VVZ the_AT dominant_JJ component_NN1 (_( Berkowicz_NP1 ,_, 2000_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
Anyhow_RR ,_, in_II31 terms_II32 of_II33 PCDD/Fs_FU and_CC PCBs_NN2 ,_, data_NN relative_II21 to_II22 the_AT Sesena_NP1 environment_NN1 after_II the_AT tire_VV0 landfill_NN1 fire_NN1 ,_, are_VBR not_XX of_IO concern_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
However_RR ,_, it_PPH1 remains_VVZ to_TO be_VBI seen_VVN whether_CSW there_EX are_VBR social_JJ limits_NN2 to_II adaptation_NN1 by_II island_NN1 communities_NN2 ,_, what_DDQ the_AT limiting_JJ factors_NN2 might_VM be_VBI (_( if_CS any_DD )_) ,_, and_CC how_RRQ these_DD2 could_VM be_VBI overcome24_FO ._. 
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<s>
In_II this_DD1 work_NN1 ,_, the_AT emission_NN1 characteristics_NN2 from_II a_AT1 China_NN1 IV_MC certificated_VVD light-duty_JJ diesel_NN1 vehicle_NN1 at_II different_JJ altitudes_NN2 under_II real_JJ driving_JJ conditions_NN2 were_VBDR investigated_VVN ._. 
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<s>
In_II our_APPGE work_NN1 ,_, these_DD2 problematic_JJ issues_NN2 also_RR existed_VVD ,_, as_CSA evidenced_VVN by_II EDS_NN2 and_CC XPS_NP1 results_NN2 (_( Fig._NN1 8c_FO and_CC Fig_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
S21c_FO ,_, ESI_NP1 )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
This_DD1 photomethanation_NN1 rate_NN1 of_IO 2.8_MC mmol_VV0 g-1_FO h-1_FO measured_VVN over_II the_AT Ru/i-Si-o_NN1 sample_NN1 was_VBDZ the_AT highest_JJT rate_NN1 observed_VVN in_II this_DD1 study_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT three_MC Cr?_NP1 "_" O_ZZ1 stretching_JJ peaks_NN2 at_II 952_MC ,_, 834_MC ,_, and_CC 803_MC cm-1_MC1 were_VBDR assigned_VVN to_TO monodentate_VVI chromate_JJ complexes_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT Fig._NN1 8_MC (_( d_ZZ1 )_) reveals_VVZ that_CST the_AT adsorption_NN1 of_IO PI_NN1 molecule_NN1 has_VHZ modified_VVN the_AT surface_NN1 of_IO mild_JJ steel_NN1 and_CC made_VVD it_PPH1 hydrophobic_JJ in_II nature_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Ebola_NN1 virus_NN1 is_VBZ known_VVN to_TO be_VBI zoonotic9_FO and_CC is_VBZ believed_VVN to_TO continually_RR circulate_VVI throughout_II bat_NN1 populations_NN2 ,_, causing_VVG sporadic_JJ outbreaks_NN2 in_II both_RR human_JJ and_CC primate_NN1 populations_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Making_VVG use_NN1 of_IO these_DD2 findings_NN2 ,_, Holder_NP1 et_RA21 al_RA22 ._. 
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<s>
use_VV0 activity-specific_JJ ERs_NP2 reported_VVD here_RL to_TO evaluate_VVI potential_JJ human_JJ health_NN1 risks_NN2 from_II modeled_JJ VOC_NN1 inhalation_NN1 exposures_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
UV-Vis_NP2 analyses_NN2 were_VBDR carried_VVN out_RP and_CC it_PPH1 was_VBDZ observed_VVN that_CST around_RG 86%_NNU of_IO the_AT MB+were_FO transferred_VVN from_II the_AT alcohol_NN1 to_II water_NN1 after_II treatment_NN1 with_IW 6.06_MC mol_NN1 L_ZZ1 --_JJ 1_MC1 of_IO sulfuric_JJ acid_NN1 (_( Fig._NN1 5_MC )_) ._. 
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The_AT freezing_JJ process_NN1 is_VBZ characterized_VVN by_II a_AT1 phase-change_JJ heat_NN1 transfer_NN1 process_NN1 during_II a_AT1 period_NN1 of_IO ice_NN1 making_VVG ._. 
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BMPtests_NP1 of_IO mono-SS_NP1 ,_, MW-FW_NP1 :_: SS_NP1 (_( 3:2_MC )_) and_CC FW_NP1 :_: MW-SS_NP1 (_( 3:2_MC )_) were_VBDR further_RRR re-conducted_VVN in_II duplicate_NN1 in_II a_AT1 bigger_JJR scale_NN1 to_TO monitor_VVI the_AT evolution_NN1 of_IO relative_JJ parameters_NN2 ._. 
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Typically_RR ,_, surface_NN1 pressure_NN1 increases_VVZ as_CSA area_NN1 per_II molecule_NN1 of_IO copolymer_NN1 decreases_VVZ but_CCB with_IW a_AT1 steeper_JJR slope_NN1 of_IO isotherms_NN2 in_II smaller_JJR areas_NN2 of_IO large_JJ copolymers_NN2 (_( such_II21 as_II22 copolymers_NN2 Poloxamer_NN1 407_MC and_CC Poloxamer_NP1 F88_FO )_) ,_, corresponding_VVG to_II surface_NN1 pressure_NN1 values_NN2 above_RL about_RG 10_MC mN_NNU m-1_FO in_II which_DDQ the_AT isotherm_NN1 slope_NN1 change_NN1 is_VBZ due_II21 to_II22 a_AT1 structural_JJ transition_NN1 ._. 
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Using_VVG mesoporous_JJ TiO2_FO under_II VUV_NP1 is_VBZ a_AT1 promising_JJ way_NN1 for_IF efficient_JJ removal_NN1 of_IO benzene_NN1 at_II room_NN1 temperature_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
In_II the_AT fine_JJ fraction_NN1 of_IO particles_NN2 ,_, the_AT concentrations_NN2 of_IO Fe_NP1 ,_, Ca_NP1 ,_, Ti_NP1 ,_, Ba_NNA ,_, and_CC Sb_NP1 dominated_VVD ,_, but_CCB Zn_NP1 was_VBDZ not_XX found_VVN (_( Kwak_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2013_MC )_) and_CC Al_NP1 and_CC Si_FW dominated_VVD in_II the_AT smaller_JJR sized_JJ airborne_JJ wear_NN1 particles_NN2 (_( Gustafsson_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2008_MC ;_; Kupiainen_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2005_MC ;_; Panko_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2009_MC )_) ._. 
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Moreover_RR ,_, tracking_JJ chiral_JJ signatures_NN2 of_IO PFOS_NP2 and_CC its_APPGE precursors_NN2 could_VM lead_VVI to_II better_JJR understanding_NN1 of_IO toxicological_JJ effects_NN2 on_II the_AT human_JJ body_NN1 ,_, as_CSA enantioselective_JJ toxicity_NN1 may_VM exist_VVI (_( Loveless_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2006_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
Following_VVG Zhang_NN1 and_CC Schaap_NP1 (_( 2017_MC )_) ,_, we_PPIS2 utilized_VVD multi-layer_JJ feed-forward_JJ network_NN1 architecture_NN1 in_II this_DD1 study_NN1 that_CST consisted_VVD of_IO :_: (_( i_ZZ1 )_) an_AT1 input_NN1 layer_NN1 where_RRQ data_NN were_VBDR introduced_VVN into_II the_AT network_NN1 ,_, (_( ii_MC )_) two_MC hidden_JJ layers_NN2 that_CST extracted_VVD information_NN1 from_II the_AT inputs_NN2 and_CC utilized_VVD them_PPHO2 to_TO predict_VVI outputs_NN2 ,_, and_CC (_( iii_MC )_) an_AT1 output_NN1 layer_NN1 where_RRQ results_NN2 were_VBDR produced_VVN ._. 
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There_EX are_VBR some_DD drawbacks_NN2 in_II the_AT preparation_NN1 of_IO mixed_JJ matrix_NN1 membranes_NN2 such_II21 as_II22 poor_JJ distribution_NN1 of_IO the_AT filler_NN1 in_II the_AT polymer_NN1 matrix_NN1 and_CC weak_JJ contact_NN1 of_IO inorganic_JJ filler_NN1 particles_NN2 in_II the_AT polymer_NN1 matrix_NN1 ._. 
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One_MC1 of_IO the_AT most_RGT important_JJ parameter_NN1 effects_NN2 on_II VMD_NP1 performance_NN1 is_VBZ operating_VVG conditions_NN2 ,_, but_CCB there_EX is_VBZ no_AT common_JJ view_NN1 of_IO which_DDQ operation_NN1 parameter_NN1 is_VBZ most_RGT important_JJ ._. 
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Sorption_NN1 potential_NN1 of_IO PPCP_NP1 is_VBZ therefore_RR a_AT1 function_NN1 of_IO their_APPGE lipophilic_JJ character_NN1 (_( K°w_FO )_) and_CC acidity_NN1 (_( pKa_NN1 )_) ._. 
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<s>
Many_DA2 studies_NN2 have_VH0 shown_VVN that_CST the_AT sorption_NN1 of_IO neutral_JJ compounds_NN2 to_II carbonaceous_JJ sorbents_NN2 is_VBZ less_RRR affected_VVN by_II pH_NN1 compared_VVN to_II that_DD1 of_IO IOCs_NP2 (_( e._ZZ1 g._NNU ,_, Apul_NP1 and_CC Karanfil_NP1 ,_, 2014_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
Hydrides_NN2 of_IO boron_NN1 and_CC nitrogen_NN1 have_VH0 drawn_VVN significant_JJ interest_NN1 because_CS they_PPHS2 are_VBR light_JJ atoms_NN2 with_IW high_JJ gravimetric_JJ hydrogen_NN1 capacities_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
For_IF the_AT rhodamine_NN1 images_NN2 a_AT1 560_MC --_JJ 690_MC nm_FU filter_NN1 (_( Astrodon_NP1 photometrics_NN2 ,_, sloan_JJ photometric_JJ filters_NN2 r_ZZ1 '_NULL 2_MC )_) was_VBDZ used_VVN ._. 
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In_II contrast_NN1 ,_, small_JJ lakes_NN2 with_IW high_JJ DOC_NN1 would_VM be_VBI located_VVN at_II or_CC near_II the_AT plateau_NN1 region_NN1 ,_, and_CC because_CS they_PPHS2 are_VBR also_RR expected_VVN to_TO undergo_VVI limited_JJ percentage_NN1 DOC_NN1 increases_NN2 ,_, their_APPGE DIC_JJ photoproduction_NN1 would_VM not_XX vary_VVI much_RR as_II a_AT1 consequence_NN1 of_IO browning_VVG ._. 
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<s>
Sale_NN1 and_CC the_AT use_NN1 of_IO insecticides_NN2 have_VH0 still_RR grown_VVN in_II both_DB2 cases_NN2 ,_, when_CS mortars_NN2 containing_VVG neonicotinoid_NN1 were_VBDR allowed_VVN and_CC later_RRR after_II regulation_NN1 ._. 
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The_AT use_NN1 of_IO fluoropolymers_NN2 has_VHZ gained_VVN popularity_NN1 for_IF such_DA modifications_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
C0_FO is_VBZ the_AT content_NN1 in_II the_AT raw_JJ material_NN1 ,_, wt%_FO ;_; tb_NN1 is_VBZ the_AT breakthrough_NN1 time_NNT1 (_( c/co_FU =_FO 0.05_MC )_) ,_, s_ZZ1 ;_; M_ZZ1 is_VBZ the_AT feed_NN1 flowrate_NN1 ,_, g_ZZ1 s-1_FO ;_; m_ZZ1 is_VBZ the_AT amount_NN1 of_IO adsorbent_NN1 ,_, g_ZZ1 ;_; qb_NNU is_VBZ the_AT adsorption_NN1 capacity_NN1 ,_, g_ZZ1 g-1_FO ;_; S_ZZ1 is_VBZ the_AT selectivity_NN1 of_IO the_AT two_MC species_NN ._. 
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<s>
The_AT adsorbed_JJ mass_NN1 of_IO uranium_NN1 in_II brine_NN1 was_VBDZ 3.95_MC mg_NNU g-1_FO adsorbent_NN1 ,_, and_CC 6.22_MC mg_NNU g-1_FO adsorbent_NN1 in_II seawater_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Fortunately_RR ,_, inhibition_NN1 caused_VVN by_II LCFA_NP1 seems_VVZ to_TO be_VBI a_AT1 reversible_JJ process_NN1 on_II anaerobic_JJ digestion_NN1 reactions_NN2 ,_, which_DDQ increases_VVZ its_APPGE activity_NN1 in_II a_AT1 short_JJ time_NNT1 after_II LCFA_NP1 washout_NN1 from_II the_AT reactor_NN1 (_( Pereira_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2003_MC ,_, 2005_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT higher_JJR pulp_NN1 density_NN1 and_CC finer_JJR particles_NN2 show_VV0 better_JJR results_NN2 because_CS probably_RR in_II low_JJ pH_NN1 the_AT cyanide_NN1 is_VBZ in_II the_AT form_NN1 of_IO HCN_NP1 and_CC volatile_JJ ._. 
</s>
<s>
In_RR21 general_RR22 ,_, CDI_MC processes_NN2 have_VH0 a_AT1 higher_JJR TEE_NN1 when_CS they_PPHS2 are_VBR operated_VVN to_TO achieve_VVI a_AT1 more_RGR "_" difficult_JJ "_" separation_NN1 characterized_VVN by_II a_AT1 higher_JJR Ag_FO (_( Figure_NN1 2B_FO )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
It_PPH1 was_VBDZ reported_VVN that_CST a_AT1 portion_NN1 of_IO OPEs_NP2 degrading_VVG products_NN2 after_II UV/H2O2_JJ treatment_NN1 would_VM become_VVI available_JJ carbon_NN1 sources_NN2 for_IF bacterial_JJ growth_NN1 (_( Watts_NP1 and_CC Linden_NP1 ,_, 2008_MC )_) ;_; furthermore_RR ,_, it_PPH1 was_VBDZ reported_VVN that_CST UV/H2O2_JJ was_VBDZ more_RGR efficient_JJ than_CSN ozonation_NN1 for_IF OPEs_NN2 degradation_NN1 in_II a_AT1 municipal_JJ secondary_JJ effluent_NN1 (_( Yuan_NNU et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2015_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
A_AT1 few_DA2 ultramafic_JJ localities_NN2 are_VBR also_RR found_VVN in_II the_AT villages_NN2 of_IO Malbog_NP1 ,_, Napataan_NP1 and_CC Palanas_NP2 in_II Eastern_JJ Samar_NN1 ,_, Philippines_NP2 (_( Susaya_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2010_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
The_AT first_MD relates_VVZ to_II a_AT1 potential_JJ mismatch_NN1 in_II the_AT temporal_JJ scale_NN1 of_IO the_AT comparison_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
In_II a_AT1 related_JJ paper_NN1 ,_, Eleiwi_NP1 et_RA21 al_RA22 ._. 
</s>
<s>
also_RR employed_VVD the_AT 2D_NNU Advection-Diffusion_NP1 Equation_NN1 to_TO study_VVI the_AT temporal_JJ behavior_NN1 of_IO DCMD_NP1 process_NN1 ,_, especially_RR when_CS it_PPH1 is_VBZ driven_VVN by_II solar_JJ energy_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Under_II high_JJ aerosol_NN1 load_NN1 condition_NN1 ,_, more_DAR than_CSN half_DB of_IO observations_NN2 are_VBR affected_VVN by_II anthropogenic_JJ activities_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT potentiodynamic_JJ polarization_NN1 as_II31 well_II32 as_II33 EIS_NP1 diagrams_NN2 of_IO mild_JJ steel_NN1 in_II 1_MC1 molL-1_MC1 H2SO4_FO containing_VVG various_JJ concentration_NN1 of_IO PI_NN1 molecule_NN1 with_IW a_AT1 fixed_JJ concentration_NN1 of_IO KI_NP1 &lsqb;_( 6_MC x_ZZ1 10-3molL-1_MC1 &rsqb;_) has_VHZ been_VBN performed_VVN and_CC presented_VVN in_II Fig._NN1 3_MC (_( b_ZZ1 )_) and_CC Fig._NN1 4_MC (_( b_ZZ1 )_) ,_, respectively_RR ,_, while_CS the_AT corresponding_JJ data_NN has_VHZ been_VBN tabulated_VVN in_II Table_NN1 2_MC (_( b_ZZ1 )_) and_CC Table_NN1 3_MC (_( b_ZZ1 )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
In_II summary_NN1 ,_, our_APPGE approach_NN1 is_VBZ robust_JJ (_( that_REX21 is_REX22 ,_, less_DAR data_NN assumptions_NN2 )_) ,_, allows_VVZ us_PPIO2 to_TO look_VVI at_II a_RR21 lot_RR22 more_DAR variables_NN2 (_( including_II those_DD2 with_IW numerous_JJ categorical_JJ levels_NN2 )_) and_CC responses_NN2 (_( and_CC their_APPGE high-level_JJ interactions_NN2 )_) ,_, and_CC pick_VV0 out_RP the_AT most_RGT important_JJ ones_NN2 ,_, minimizing_VVG bias_NN1 related_VVN to_II missing_JJ data_NN deletion_NN1 and/or_CC imputation_NN1 methods_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
As_CSA pointed_VVN out_RP by_II Peng_NP1 et_RA21 al_RA22 ._. 
</s>
<s>
(_( Peng_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2008_MC )_) ,_, this_DD1 system_NN1 may_VM be_VBI used_VVN for_IF the_AT incorporation_NN1 (_( uptake_NN1 )_) of_IO PAHs_NP2 such_II21 as_II22 phenanthrene_NN1 by_II sphingomonads_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Thus_RR ,_, the_AT mesh/pore_NN1 sizes_NN2 of_IO sieves_NN2 and_CC filters_NN2 will_VM have_VHI a_AT1 profound_JJ effect_NN1 on_II the_AT amount_NN1 of_IO microplastics_NN2 collected_VVN (_( Magnusson_NP1 and_CC Noren_NP1 ,_, 2014_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT morphology_NN1 of_IO MMMs_NP1 was_VBDZ studied_VVN by_II scanning_VVG electron_NN1 microscopy_NN1 (_( SEM_NP1 ,_, Vega_NP1 TESCAN_NP1 ,_, Czech_JJ Republic_NN1 )_) and_CC energy-dispersive_JJ X-ray_NN1 spectroscopy_NN1 (_( EDX_NP1 )_) to_TO study_VVI the_AT distribution_NN1 of_IO elements_NN2 in_II the_AT membrane_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT major_JJ drawback_NN1 of_IO ROVs_NP2 is_VBZ that_CST they_PPHS2 must_VM operate_VVI with_IW thrusters_NN2 ,_, creating_VVG high_JJ levels_NN2 of_IO noise_NN1 and_CC their_APPGE limited_JJ ability_NN1 to_TO conduct_VVI sampling_NN1 and_CC observations_NN2 at_II specific_JJ locations_NN2 for_IF extended_JJ periods_NN2 of_IO time_NNT1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT ground_NN1 detection_NN1 methods_NN2 are_VBR temperature_NN1 detection_NN1 ,_, natural_JJ potential_JJ detection_NN1 ,_, two-dimensional_JJ resistivity_NN1 imaging_NN1 and_CC electromagnetic_JJ detection_NN1 ,_, magnetic_JJ detection_NN1 ,_, and_CC transient_JJ electromagnetic_JJ detection_NN1 technology_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Functioned_VVD photocatalytic_JJ tube_NN1 was_VBDZ prepared_VVN by_II a_AT1 self-container_JJ hydrothermal_JJ method_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
This_DD1 phenomenon_NN1 indicated_VVD luxury_JJ uptake_NN1 of_IO N_ZZ1 as_II the_AT concentration_NN1 of_IO N_ZZ1 in_II BG-11_MC mediums_NN2 was_VBDZ very_RG high_JJ (_( reached_VVN 250_MC mg_NNU L-1_FO )_) compared_VVN with_IW natural_JJ conditions_NN2 for_IF algal_JJ growth_NN1 ,_, the_AT N_ND1 concentration_NN1 of_IO which_DDQ was_VBDZ always_RR lower_JJR than_CSN 2_MC mg_NNU L-1_FO ._. 
</s>
<s>
This_DD1 methodology_NN1 has_VHZ no_AT problem_NN1 in_II the_AT absence_NN1 of_IO transition_NN1 metals_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Finally_RR ,_, the_AT conceptual_JJ model_NN1 presented_VVN in_II Figure_NN1 5_MC suggests_VVZ that_CST thresholds_NN2 at_II Xclay_NP1 1/3_MF may_VM exist_VVI in_II other_JJ situations_NN2 involving_VVG fine-grained_JJ geologic_JJ media_NN ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT enzyme_NN1 acts_VVZ by_II removing_VVG HCL_NP1 from_II the_AT substrate_NN1 i._MC e_ZZ1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
HCH_NP1 and_CC forming_VVG a_AT1 double_JJ bond_NN1 giving_VVG rise_NN1 to_II formation_NN1 of_IO pentachlorocyclohexene_NN1 (_( PCCH_NP1 )_) (_( Kumari_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2002_MC ;_; Miyauchi_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2002_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT functionalized_JJ membranes_NN2 exhibited_VVD significant_JJ antibacterial_JJ activity_NN1 ,_, leading_VVG to_II an_AT1 80-95%_FO reduction_NN1 in_II the_AT number_NN1 of_IO attached_JJ live_JJ bacteria_NN2 for_IF three_MC different_JJ model_NN1 bacterial_JJ strains_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
However_RR ,_, policy_NN1 implementation_NN1 is_VBZ challenging_VVG especially_RR in_II the_AT North_ND1 China_NP1 Plain_NN1 as_II a_AT1 result_NN1 of_IO the_AT lack_NN1 of_IO availability_NN1 of_IO good_JJ quality_NN1 water_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Moreover_RR ,_, both_DB2 plants_NN2 increase_VV0 air_NN1 pollution_NN1 and_CC social_JJ cost_NN1 versus_II no_AT capture_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Variance_NN1 of_IO Oe_NP1 ,_, C_ZZ1 relative_II21 to_II22 taxa_NN2 present_NN1 is_VBZ plausible_JJ considering_CS21 that_CS22 phytoplankton_NN1 have_VH0 evolved_VVN over_RP long_RR geological_JJ time_NNT1 scales_NN2 across_II a_AT1 broad_JJ range_NN1 of_IO environments_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Some_DD automotive_JJ companies_NN2 were_VBDR selected_VVN due_II21 to_II22 their_APPGE low_JJ innovation_NN1 in_II green_JJ related_JJ issues_NN2 (_( Conding_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2012_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
And_CC the_AT result_NN1 demonstrated_VVD that_CST the_AT silicon-carbon_JJ anode_NN1 and_CC the_AT allcarbon_NN1 anode_NN1 could_VM make_VVI lithium-sulfur_JJ battery_NN1 obtain_VV0 a_AT1 superior_JJ cycle_NN1 stability_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Essentially_RR ,_, the_AT process_NN1 was_VBDZ primarily_RR driven_VVN by_II depopulation_NN1 ,_, which_DDQ led_VVD to_II the_AT closure_NN1 of_IO schools_NN2 ,_, churches_NN2 and_CC other_JJ community_NN1 services_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Conversely_RR ,_, a_AT1 study_NN1 of_IO HSSF-CWs_NN2 indicated_VVD that_CST it_PPH1 could_VM achieve_VVI good_JJ removals_NN2 for_IF several_DA2 ARGs_NN2 (_( sulI_NN2 ,_, sulII_NN2 ,_, intI1_FO ,_, qnrA_NN1 )_) and_CC 16_MC s_ZZ1 RNA_NN1 ,_, resulting_VVG in_II concentrations_NN2 which_DDQ were_VBDR comparable_JJ to_II surrounding_JJ surface_NN1 waters_NN2 (_( Yi_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2017_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT World_NN1 Health_NN1 Organization_NN1 (_( WHO_NP1 )_) was_VBDZ established_VVN in_II 1948_MC as_II a_AT1 specialized_JJ United_JJ Nations_NN2 agency_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
To_TO investigate_VVI the_AT impact_NN1 of_IO higher_JJR elevation_NN1 vs._II lower_JJR elevation_NN1 (_( relative_II21 to_II22 the_AT measurement_NN1 point_NN1 )_) NOx_NN1 emission_NN1 sources_NN2 ,_, we_PPIS2 used_VVD the_AT measured_JJ CSO2_FO to_TO identify_VVI emissions_NN2 from_II elevated_JJ sources_NN2 ,_, as_CSA SO2_FO is_VBZ not_XX emitted_VVN from_II transportation_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
For_REX21 example_REX22 ,_, a_AT1 gelator_NN1 was_VBDZ synthesized_VVN from_II xylitol_NN1 and_CC benzaldehyde_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT application_NN1 of_IO the_AT previously-defined_JJ '_NULL chemical_JJ climatology_NN1 '_NULL framework_NN1 is_VBZ used_VVN to_TO achieve_VVI this_DD1 goal_NN1 (_( Malley_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2014a_FO )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Amine_VV0 absorbents_NN2 with_IW longer_JJR chain_NN1 length_NN1 ,_, more_RRR amine_VV0 functional_JJ groups_NN2 and/or_CC aromatic_JJ amines_NN2 presented_VVD higher_JJR CO2_FO loading_NN1 capacity_NN1 as_II31 well_II32 as_II33 higher_JJR desorption_NN1 rate_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT presence_NN1 of_IO CeO2NPs_FO affected_VVN the_AT Cd_NN1 and_CC root_NN1 interactions_NN2 ,_, but_CCB it_PPH1 did_VDD not_XX significantly_RR change_VVI the_AT response_NN1 of_IO plant_NN1 root_NN1 biomass_NN1 to_II Cd_NN1 exposure_NN1 (_( CeO2NPs_FO X_ZZ1 Cd_NN1 :_: p_ZZ1 =_FO 0.155_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
In_RR21 addition_RR22 ,_, lot_NN1 of_IO personal_JJ visits_NN2 ,_, phone_NN1 calls_NN2 ,_, fax_NN1 and_CC e-mails_NN2 were_VBDR extensively_RR used_VVN for_IF getting_VVG responses_NN2 to_II the_AT questionnaire_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
We_PPIS2 established_VVD a_AT1 GLM_NP1 in_II R_ZZ1 (_( version_NN1 3.3.0_MC ;_; R_ZZ1 Project_NN1 for_IF Statistical_JJ Computing_NN1 ,_, Vienna_NP1 ,_, Austria_NP1 )_) to_TO determine_VVI the_AT effects_NN2 of_IO exposure_NN1 duration_NN1 on_II the_AT EC50_FO for_IF V._NNU fischeri_NN2 ,_, as_CSA EC50_FO are_VBR often_RR reported_VVN for_IF 5,15_MC and_CC 30_MC min_NNU and_CC for_IF 24_MC h_ZZ1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Censored_JJ data_NN were_VBDR removed_VVN and_CC the_AT remaining_JJ EC50s_FO were_VBDR log10_FO transformed_VVN before_II use_NN1 in_II the_AT GLM_NP1 (_( Gaussian_JJ error_NN1 family_NN1 with_IW inverse_JJ link_NN1 function_NN1 )_) that_DD1 was_VBDZ constructed_VVN as_CSA described_VVN for_IF comparing_VVG NOEC_NN1 and_CC EC50_FO SRs_NP1 above_RL ._. 
</s>
<s>
Thus_RR ,_, the_AT combination_NN1 of_IO HFUS_NP1 and_CC UV/_JJ Vis_NP2 radiation_NN1 for_IF inactivating_VVG pathogenic_JJ microorganisms_NN2 in_II aqueous_JJ media_NN has_VHZ not_XX been_VBN explored_VVN yet_RR and_CC represents_VVZ an_AT1 alternative_JJ hybrid_JJ method_NN1 for_IF chemical-free_JJ water_NN1 disinfection_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
And_CC when_CS the_AT reaction_NN1 time_NNT1 was_VBDZ kept_VVN at_II 10_MC h_ZZ1 which_DDQ might_VM correspond_VVI to_II the_AT stage_NN1 III_MC of_IO LaMer_JJR nucleation-growth_JJ model_NN1 ,_, the_AT CU2S_FO nanoparticles_NN2 would_VM continue_VVI growing_VVG as_II the_AT added_JJ amount_NN1 of_IO reactants_NN2 ,_, by_II which_DDQ monomer_NN1 concentration_NN1 for_IF each_DD1 reaction_NN1 was_VBDZ determined_VVN ,_, was_VBDZ increased_VVN ._. 
</s>
<s>
Microalgal_JJ bio-uptake_NN1 is_VBZ best_RRT suited_VVN for_IF dilute_JJ concentrations_NN2 of_IO ECs_NP2 where_CS filtering_VVG and_CC concentrating_VVG of_IO the_AT ECs_NP2 for_IF other_JJ treatment_NN1 options_NN2 would_VM be_VBI cost-prohibitive_JJ ._. 
</s>
<s>
In_II this_DD1 regard_NN1 ,_, Lafita_NP1 et_RA21 al_RA22 ._. 
</s>
<s>
(_( 2015_MC )_) observed_VVD degranulation_NN1 of_IO the_AT sludge_NN1 bed_NN1 of_IO an_AT1 EGSB_NN1 reactor_NN1 that_CST was_VBDZ treating_VVG wastewater_NN1 containing_VVG a_AT1 mixture_NN1 of_IO ethanol_NN1 and_CC E2P_FO ,_, when_CS it_PPH1 was_VBDZ fed_VVN intermittently_RR ._. 
</s>
<s>
Further_RRR ,_, in_II step_NN1 two_MC ,_, at_II low_JJ concentrations_NN2 of_IO H2O2_FO ,_, compound_VV0 I_ZZ1 is_VBZ reduced_VVN by_II hydrogen_NN1 donors_NN2 such_II21 as_II22 ethanol_NN1 ,_, peroxidatically_RR ._. 
</s>
<s>
Studies_NN2 have_VH0 implicated_VVN toxicity_NN1 of_IO few_DA2 Cr(III)_JJ compounds_NN2 ,_, for_REX21 example_REX22 ,_, Cr(III)-picolinate_NN1 (_( a_AT1 dietary_JJ supplement_NN1 )_) in_II causing_VVG oxidative_JJ DNA_NN1 damage_NN1 in_II rats_NN2 and_CC in_II cultured_JJ mammalian_JJ cells_NN2 and_CC developmental_JJ toxicity_NN1 in_II Drosophila_NP1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Bt_NP1 and_CC A_ZZ1 could_VM be_VBI investigated_VVN from_II the_AT slope_NN1 and_CC intercept_VV0 from_II the_AT plot_NN1 of_IO qe_NN1 against_II ln_NNU Ce_NP1 ,_, respectively_RR ._. 
</s>
<s>
Six-millimeter-diameter_JJ discs_NN2 cut_VVN from_II the_AT margin_NN1 of_IO active_JJ fungal_JJ cultures_NN2 on_II potato_NN1 dextrose_NN1 agar_NN1 (_( PDA_NP1 )_) were_VBDR inoculated_VVN into_II a_AT1 500-ml_JJ cotton-plugged_JJ Erlenmeyer_NN1 flask_NN1 containing_VVG 100_MC ml_NNU of_IO potato_NN1 dextrose_NN1 broth_NN1 (_( PDB_NP1 )_) medium_NN1 (_( pH_NN1 5.5_MC )_) and_CC incubated_VVD at_II 26_MC °C_NNU ,_, 180_MC rpm_NNU for_IF 5-7_MCMC days_NNT2 in_II a_AT1 shaking_NN1 incubator_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
We_PPIS2 found_VVD substantial_JJ variation_NN1 across_II countries_NN2 in_II total_JJ soil_NN1 C_ZZ1 stocks_NN2 (_( Supplementary_JJ Table_NN1 1_MC1 and_CC Fig._NN1 3a_FO )_) ,_, ranging_VVG from_II 831_MC TgC_NP1 in_II Indonesia_NP1 to_II 0.0001_MC TgC_NP1 in_II Egypt_NP1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT plant_NN1 uses_VVZ the_AT waste_NN1 grade_NN1 heat_NN1 available_JJ from_II a_AT1 local_JJ power_NN1 plant_NN1 and_CC has_VHZ the_AT capacity_NN1 of_IO 10,000_MC L/day_FU (_( http_NNU :_: //www.aquaver.com_FU )_) ._. 
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<s>
Algal_JJ culture_NN1 before_II electrochemical_JJ treatment_NN1 M._NN1 aeruginosa_NN1 (_( FACHB-905_MC )_) was_VBDZ obtained_VVN from_II the_AT Wuhan_NP1 Institute_NN1 of_IO Hydrology_NP1 ,_, Chinese_JJ Academy_NN1 of_IO Sciences_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Table_NN1 4_MC shows_VVZ ANOVA_NN1 for_IF gold_NN1 recovery_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Detailed_JJ description_NN1 of_IO the_AT characteristics_NN2 of_IO the_AT membrane_NN1 can_VM be_VBI found_VVN elsewhere_RL ._. 
</s>
<s>
However_RR ,_, the_AT gelators_NN2 were_VBDR derived_VVN from_II sugars_NN2 ,_, and_CC the_AT synthesis_NN1 usually_RR involves_VVZ organic_JJ solvents_NN2 and_CC petroleum-derived_JJ chemicals_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Li_NP1 and_CC Manthiram_NP1 combined_VVD Co3O4_FO nanocrystals_NN2 with_IW O_ZZ1 ,_, N-doped_JJ carbon_NN1 nanowebs_NN2 (_( ON-CNW_NP1 )_) to_TO design_VVI a_AT1 Co3O4/ON-CNW_JJ composite_JJ ORR_NN1 catalyst_NN1 for_IF LABs_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Biomarkers_NN2 of_IO exposure_NN1 to_II phthalates_NN2 ,_, phenols_NN2 ,_, parabens_NN2 and_CC antibacterials_NN2 were_VBDR available_JJ for_IF a_AT1 pilot_NN1 study_NN1 of_IO 122_MC children_NN2 age_VV0 3-5_MCMC participating_JJ the_AT 2013-2014_MCMC National_JJ Health_NN1 and_CC Nutrition_NN1 Examination_NN1 Survey_NN1 (_( NHANES_NP2 (_( Calafat_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2017_MC )_) )_) and_CC were_VBDR used_VVN as_II a_AT1 comparison_NN1 to_II TESIE_NP1 (_( comparing_VVG raw_JJ concentrations_NN2 as_CSA methods_NN2 of_IO accounting_VVG for_IF dilution_NN1 --_JJ specific_JJ gravity_NN1 and_CC creatinine_NN1 --_NN1 differed_VVN between_II studies_NN2 )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT material_NN1 composition_NN1 was_VBDZ tested_VVN by_II X-ray_NN1 photoelectron_NN1 spectroscopy_NN1 and_CC Fourier_NP1 transform_VV0 infrared_JJ spectroscopy_NN1 ,_, which_DDQ confirmed_VVD that_CST the_AT identified_JJ nanoparticles_NN2 consisted_VVN of_IO polyethylene_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT strength_NN1 of_IO this_DD1 force_NN1 is_VBZ measured_VVN by_II the_AT concentration_NN1 of_IO ions_NN2 present_VV0 in_II water_NN1 plus_II the_AT surface_NN1 charge_NN1 densities_NN2 of_IO adjoining_JJ droplets_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Frequency_NN1 calculations_NN2 were_VBDR performed_VVN on_II the_AT energy-minimized_JJ clusters_NN2 following_VVG successful_JJ convergence_NN1 of_IO the_AT geometry_NN1 optimization_NN1 procedure_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Extraction_NN1 of_IO the_AT first_MD salt_NN1 solution_NN1 was_VBDZ also_RR repeated_VVN for_IF an_AT1 equimolar_JJ amount_NN1 of_IO sodium_NN1 monensin_NN1 or_CC dissolved_VVN in_II toluene_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Over_II the_AT sea_NN1 ,_, the_AT spatial_JJ variability_NN1 is_VBZ much_RR lower_JJR than_CSN over_II land_NN1 ,_, the_AT highest_JJT AOD550_FO levels_NN2 appearing_VVG along_II the_AT coasts_NN2 of_IO Northern_JJ Africa_NP1 and_CC Middle_JJ East_ND1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
We_PPIS2 calculate_VV0 comparable_JJ targets_NN2 for_IF other_JJ countries_NN2 assuming_VVG that_CST this_DD1 domestic_JJ EU28_FO emissions_NN2 reduction_NN1 target_NN1 is_VBZ not_XX augmented_VVN by_II additional_JJ international_JJ mitigation_NN1 contributions_NN2 ,_, financial_JJ or_CC otherwise_RR ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT adsorbed_JJ silica_NN1 nanoparticles_NN2 could_VM be_VBI observed_VVN on_II the_AT cell_NN1 surfaces_NN2 under_II SEM_NP1 ,_, which_DDQ was_VBDZ also_RR confirmed_VVN by_II energy-dispersive_JJ X-ray_NN1 (_( EDX_NP1 )_) spectroscopy_NN1 (_( Figure_NN1 1C_FO ;_; SI_FW Figure_NN1 S6_FO and_CC S7_FO )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Despite_II these_DD2 efforts_NN2 ,_, no_AT comprehensive_JJ review_NN1 has_VHZ been_VBN published_VVN to_TO extensively_RR describe_VVI Mn-based_JJ catalysts_NN2 for_IF SR-AOPs_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Till_II now_RT ,_, verity_NN1 of_IO synthetic_JJ routes_NN2 such_II21 as_II22 hydrothermal_JJ ,_, co-precipitation_NN1 ,_, solve-thermal_JJ ,_, etc_RA were_VBDR used_VVN to_TO prepare_VVI ZnSnO3_FO ._. 
</s>
<s>
PFMeCHS_NP1 was_VBDZ also_RR detected_VVN in_II surface_NN1 water_NN1 at_II concentrations_NN2 of_IO <MDL_FO to_II 0.42_MC ng/L_FU that_CST were_VBDR semi-quantified_VVN by_II assuming_VVG an_AT1 MS_NN1 response_NN1 equivalent_NN1 to_II that_DD1 of_IO PFECHS_NP2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT best_JJT way_NN1 to_TO eliminate_VVI the_AT cost_NN1 of_IO ethanol_NN1 production_NN1 is_VBZ through_II the_AT proper_JJ choice_NN1 of_IO substrate_NN1 to_TO be_VBI followed_VVN by_II optimization_NN1 of_IO process_NN1 parameters_NN2 (_( Ma_NP1 et_RA21 al_RA22 ._. 
</s>
<s>
2008_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
N-PAHs_NN2 are_VBR two_MC orders_NN2 of_IO magnitude_NN1 sensitive_JJ to_II negative_JJ chemicalimpact_NN1 ionization_NN1 (_( NCI_NP1 )_) than_CSN universal_JJ EI_NP1 in_II mass_JJ detection_NN1 due_II21 to_II22 their_APPGE high_JJ electronegativity_NN1 with_IW electron-withdrawing_JJ groups_NN2 (_( Bezabeh_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2003_MC ;_; Huskova_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2009_MC ;_; Zielinska_NP1 and_CC Samy_NP1 ,_, 2006_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Heat_NN1 balances_NN2 are_VBR carried_VVN out_RP to_TO determine_VVI overall_JJ heating_NN1 and_CC cooling_VVG requirements_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
When_CS using_VVG nephelometric_JJ turbidity_NN1 ,_, measures_NN2 have_VH0 to_TO be_VBI calibrated_VVN against_II known_JJ concentrations_NN2 of_IO the_AT particles_NN2 that_CST are_VBR measured_VVN (_( Ben-Moshe_NP1 et_RA21 al_RA22 ._. 
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<s>
2010_MC ;_; Gondikas_NN2 et_RA21 al_RA22 ._. 
</s>
<s>
2014_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Increasing_JJ ascent_NN1 velocities_NN2 enhance_VV0 precipitation_NN1 extremes_NN2 in_II the_AT central_JJ Pacific_NP1 and_CC Southeast_ND1 Asia_NP1 ._. 
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<s>
Hence_RR ,_, we_PPIS2 combined_VVD the_AT timeseries_NN2 and_CC case-crossover_JJ design_NN1 studies_NN2 to_TO examine_VVI the_AT association_NN1 between_II short-term_JJ exposure_NN1 to_II PM2.5_FO constituent_NN1 and_CC all-cause_NN1 ,_, cardiovascular_JJ ,_, and_CC respiratory_JJ mortality_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
A_AT1 graphite_NN1 rod_NN1 is_VBZ also_RR inserted_VVN in_II the_AT anodic_JJ chamber_NN1 to_TO allow_VVI flow_NN1 of_IO electrons_NN2 across_II the_AT external_JJ circuit_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT Parex_NN1 process_NN1 consumes_VVZ 20_MC ton/hr_FU of_IO medium_JJ pressure_NN1 steam_NN1 ,_, while_CS the_AT proposed_JJ process_NN1 does_VDZ 4.6_MC ton/hr_FU (_( deduced_VVN amount_NN1 of_IO the_AT recovered_JJ heat_NN1 at_II the_AT cooler_NN1 of_IO recycled_JJ solvent_NN1 )_) for_IF about_II one_MC1 tenth_MD of_IO p-xylene_JJ production_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Since_CS the_AT development_NN1 of_IO the_AT first_MD synthetic_JJ polymer_NN1 a_AT1 century_NNT1 ago_RA ,_, the_AT advantages_NN2 of_IO low_JJ cost_NN1 ,_, durability_NN1 ,_, and_CC processability_NN1 have_VH0 driven_VVN the_AT ever-increasing_JJ use_NN1 of_IO polymers_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Maleic_JJ acid_NN1 ,_, acrylic_JJ acid_NN1 and_CC acrylamide_VV0 homopolymers_NN2 and_CC their_APPGE copolymers_NN2 are_VBR fairly_RR known_VVN to_II the_AT industry_NN1 as_CSA efficient_JJ and_CC threshold_NN1 carbonate_NN1 scale_NN1 inhibitors_NN2 for_IF high_JJ temperature_NN1 boiler_NN1 application_NN1 and_CC geo-thermal_JJ wells_NN2 &lsqb;_( 4_MC &rsqb;_) ._. 
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<s>
For_REX21 example_REX22 ,_, doping_NN1 of_IO Mg_NNU into_II CeO2_FO increases_VVZ the_AT storage_NN1 capacity_NN1 and_CC mobility_NN1 of_IO lattice_NN1 oxygen_NN1 in_II the_AT CeO2_FO support_NN1 ,_, which_DDQ shows_VVZ better_JJR resistance_NN1 to_II carbon_NN1 deposition_NN1 than_CSN bare_JJ CeO2_FO in_II SRE_NP1 reactions_NN2 (_( Fig._NN1 5c_FO )_) ._. 
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<s>
Recent_JJ trend_NN1 in_II the_AT environmental_JJ nanotechnology_NN1 have_VH0 focused_VVN on_II using_VVG supports_NN2 including_II carbon_NN1 based_VVN matrix_NN1 ,_, conducting_VVG polymers_NN2 ,_, zeolite_NN1 etc._RA to_TO avoid_VVI the_AT aggregation_NN1 of_IO high_JJ performance_NN1 catalytic_JJ metal_NN1 nanoparticles_NN2 results_NN2 in_II enhance_VV0 catalytic_JJ activity_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
However_RR ,_, entrenched_VVD vertically_RR structured_JJ government_NN1 departments_NN2 and_CC sector-based_JJ structures_NN2 of_IO agencies_NN2 ,_, policies_NN2 and_CC regulatory_JJ mechanisms_NN2 complicate_VV0 coordination_NN1 ,_, and_CC remain_VV0 challenges_NN2 to_II cross-sectoral_NN1 inte-gration87-89_MC ._. 
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<s>
This_DD1 research_NN1 was_VBDZ also_RR supported_VVN by_II Basic_JJ Science_NN1 Research_NN1 Program_NN1 through_II the_AT National_JJ Research_NN1 Foundation_NN1 of_IO Korea(NRF)_NN1 funded_VVN by_II the_AT Ministry_NN1 of_IO Education_NN1 (_( NRF-2016R1D1A1B03936342_NN1 )_) ._. 
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<s>
The_AT total_NN1 OH_UH reactivity_NN1 calculated_VVN with_IW the_AT MCM_MC model_NN1 was_VBDZ close_JJ to_II or_CC slightly_RR (_( 13%_NNU at_RR21 most_RR22 )_) higher_JJR than_CSN the_AT total_NN1 OH_UH reactivity_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Results_NN2 showed_VVD that_CST there_EX was_VBDZ a_AT1 significant_JJ difference_NN1 in_II Cd_NN1 accumulation_NN1 among_II rice_NN1 cultivars_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Above_II 100_MC rpm_NNU ,_, tc_NNU was_VBDZ too_RG small_JJ to_TO be_VBI accurately_RR measured_VVN ._. 
</s>
<s>
According_II21 to_II22 the_AT information_NN1 from_II MEROPS_NP2 database_NN1 (_( Rawlings_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2016_MC )_) ,_, the_AT nucleophilic_JJ Ser_NN1 residue_NN1 is_VBZ mainly_RR distributed_VVN in_II clans_NN2 of_IO mixed_JJ catalytic_JJ type_NN1 (_( C_ZZ1 ,_, S_ZZ1 ,_, T_ZZ1 )_) and_CC clans_NN2 of_IO serine_JJ peptidases_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Typically_RR ,_, excess_JJ chlorine_NN1 can_VM be_VBI removed_VVN by_II sodium_NN1 bisulfite_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT surface_NN1 area_NN1 of_IO Pd/ZrO2_NP1 ,_, Pd/SiO2_NP1 ,_, and_CC Pd/ZrO2-SiO2_NP1 was_VBDZ ,_, respectively_RR ,_, 93_MC ,_, 447_MC ,_, and_CC 404m2/g_FU at_II the_AT fresh_JJ state_NN1 and_CC 24,301_MC ,_, and_CC 325_MC m2/g_FU after_II the_AT aging_NN1 at_II 800_MC °C_NNU for_IF 16_MC h_ZZ1 ._. 
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<s>
Young_JJ children_NN2 are_VBR more_RGR vulnerable_JJ to_II the_AT health_NN1 effects_NN2 of_IO traffic-related_JJ air_NN1 pollution_NN1 (_( TRAP_NN1 )_) such_II21 as_II22 particulate_NN1 matter_NN1 <_FO 10_MC m_NNU (_( PM10_FO )_) ,_, <2.5_FO m_ZZ1 (_( PM2.5_FO )_) and_CC nitrogen_NN1 oxides_NN2 (_( NOx_NP1 )_) ._. 
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<s>
XRD_NP1 peaks_NN2 of_IO the_AT bare_JJ TiO2_FO revealed_VVN pure_JJ crystalline_JJ and_CC anatase_VV0 phase_NN1 calcined_VVD at_II 500_MC °C_NNU for_IF 5_MC h_ZZ1 ._. 
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<s>
Similarly_RR ,_, all_DB the_AT peaks_NN2 of_IO the_AT In-doped_NN1 TiO2_FO samples_NN2 confirming_VVG the_AT formation_NN1 of_IO anatase_NN1 and_CC crystalline_JJ TiO2_FO nanoparticles_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
It_PPH1 should_VM be_VBI noted_VVN that_CST the_AT condensed_JJ film_NN1 ,_, condensing_VVG plate_NN1 and_CC thermal_JJ polarization_NN1 in_II cold_JJ fluid_NN1 increase_VV0 the_AT value_NN1 of_IO Pcf_NP1 and_CC thus_RR decrease_VV0 the_AT effective_JJ driving_JJ force_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Our_APPGE results_NN2 support_VV0 several_DA2 models_NN2 developed_VVN by_II using_VVG photosynthesis_NN1 as_II a_AT1 surrogate_NN1 for_IF defense_NN1 in_II the_AT absence_NN1 of_IO quantified_JJ detoxification_NN1 (_( Massman_NP1 ,_, 2004_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
No_AT stereopreference_NN1 was_VBDZ observed_VVN after_II 90_MC days_NNT2 in_II this_DD1 step_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Finally_RR ,_, the_AT dark_JJ black_JJ suspension_NN1 was_VBDZ transferred_VVN into_II a_AT1 Teflon-lined_JJ stainless-steel_JJ autoclave_NN1 and_CC subjected_VVN to_II the_AT solvothermal_JJ reaction_NN1 at_II 180_MC °C_NNU for_IF 10_MC h_ZZ1 ._. 
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<s>
PV_NN1 thanks_NN2 Council_NN1 of_IO Scientific_JJ and_CC Industrial_JJ Research_NN1 (_( CSIR_NP1 )_) ,_, New_NP1 Delhi_NP1 for_IF the_AT Senior_JJ Research_NN1 Fellowship_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT temperature_NN1 of_IO solution_NN1 was_VBDZ carefully_RR paid_VVN attention_NN1 not_XX to_TO exceed_VVI 55_MC °_NNU C._NP1 When_CS the_AT KMnO4_FO was_VBDZ dissolved_VVN completely_RR ,_, the_AT temperature_NN1 raised_VVD up_RG21 to_RG22 70°C_NNU and_CC stirred_VVN for_IF 1_MC1 h_ZZ1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Distilled_JJ ice_NN1 of_IO 300_MC gand35_FO wt%_FO H2O2_FO solution_NN1 of_IO 90_MC mL_NNU were_VBDR poured_VVN into_II the_AT mixture_NN1 for_IF quenching_VVG ,_, and_CC then_RT the_AT reaction_NN1 was_VBDZ finished_VVN with_IW vigorous_JJ stirring_JJ for_IF 3_MC h_ZZ1 ._. 
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<s>
This_DD1 reached_VVD a_AT1 maxima_NN2 for_IF the_AT 15_MC wt._NN1 %_NNU dispersed_JJ sample_NN1 beyond_II which_DDQ the_AT SiO2_FO was_VBDZ unable_JK to_TO accommodate_VVI any_DD further_JJR Fe2O3_FO within_II the_AT pores_NN2 and_CC thus_RR an_AT1 increased_JJ amount_NN1 of_IO Fe2_FO O3_FO deposited_VVN outside_II the_AT pores_NN2 and_CC the_AT sample_NN1 formed_VVD a_AT1 combination_NN1 of_IO Fe2O3/SiO2_JJ dispersed_JJ system_NN1 and_CC SiO2-Fe2O3_JJ nano-composite_JJ ._. 
</s>
<s>
It_PPH1 was_VBDZ assumed_VVN that_CST the_AT active_JJ site_NN1 A_ZZ1 (_( Sa_NP1 )_) was_VBDZ responsible_JJ for_IF hydrogen_NN1 adsorption_NN1 and_CC the_AT active_JJ site_NN1 B_ZZ1 (_( SB_NP1 )_) was_VBDZ responsible_JJ for_IF the_AT adsorption_NN1 of_IO all_DB other_JJ intermediates_NN2 (_( Fig._NN1 11a_FO )_) ,_, and_CC moreover_RR hydrogen_NN1 adsorption_NN1 did_VDD not_XX compete_VVI for_IF the_AT active_JJ sites_NN2 that_CST the_AT oxygen-containing_JJ species_NN were_VBDR adsorbed_VVN on_RP ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT Janecke_NP1 diagram_NN1 at_II temperature_NN1 35_MC °C_NNU was_VBDZ chosen_VVN rather_II21 than_II22 at_II 25_MC °C_NNU because_CS the_AT field_NN1 work_NN1 was_VBDZ done_VDN during_II the_AT summer_NNT1 season_NNT1 under_II hot_JJ and_CC dry_JJ conditions_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT authors_NN2 declare_VV0 no_AT competing_JJ financial_JJ interest_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT pristine_JJ TiO2_FO is_VBZ a_AT1 mixture_NN1 of_IO anatase_NN1 and_CC rutile_NN1 ,_, which_DDQ was_VBDZ completely_RR transformed_VVN to_TO titanate_VVI upon_II the_AT hydrothermal_JJ treatment_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Thus_RR only_RR transparent_JJ microplastics_NN2 with_IW certain_JJ thickness_NN1 with_IW regular_JJ shape_NN1 can_VM be_VBI analyzed_VVN ;_; otherwise_RR the_AT signal_NN1 will_VM be_VBI disturbed/distorted_VVN by_II reflection_NN1 error_NN1 caused_VVN by_II light_JJ scattering_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Those_DD2 ODMs_NN2 have_VH0 the_AT recovery_NN1 capability_NN1 and_CC volume_NN1 to_TO execute_VVI the_AT process_NN1 ,_, since_CS they_PPHS2 were_VBDR the_AT manufacturers_NN2 of_IO the_AT products_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT networks_NN2 indicated_VVD that_CST the_AT hubs_NN2 of_IO MENs_NP2 were_VBDR substantially_RR different_JJ under_II different_JJ conditions_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
This_DD1 would_VM thereby_RR enable_VVI the_AT nanosheets_NN2 to_TO be_VBI in_II closer_JJR proximity_NN1 with_IW one_PPX121 another_PPX122 ,_, allowing_VVG for_IF the_AT filtration_NN1 of_IO ions_NN2 with_IW hydration_NN1 radius_NN1 as_RG small_JJ as_CSA K+_FO (_( 0.53_MC nm_FU )_) and_CC Na+_FO (_( 0.79_MC nm_FU )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Can_VM be_VBI used_VVN to_TO link_VVI hydrological_JJ attributes_NN2 (_( e._ZZ1 g._NNU connectance_NN1 )_) to_II the_AT likelihood_NN1 of_IO loss_NN1 of_IO species_NN from_II the_AT web_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Recent_JJ studies_NN2 have_VH0 also_RR found_VVN that_CST EDC_NP1 exposure_NN1 affects_VVZ epigenetic_JJ modification_NN1 of_IO the_AT GR/MR_FU gene_NN1 promoter_NN1 region_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Individuals_NN2 who_PNQS are_VBR able_JK to_TO comprehend_VVI expiration_NN1 dates_NN2 ,_, re-use_NN1 of_IO leftovers_NN2 for_IF new_JJ meals_NN2 and_CC plan_VV0 their_APPGE purchases_NN2 by_II31 means_II32 of_II33 a_AT1 shopping_NN1 list_NN1 can_VM be_VBI identified_VVN as_CSA individuals_NN2 with_IW a_AT1 positive_JJ behavioural_JJ attitude_NN1 towards_II FW_NP1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT goodness_NN1 of_IO fit_JJ for_IF items_NN2 in_II an_AT1 MDS_NN2 plot_VV0 is_VBZ measured_VVN in_II31 terms_II32 of_II33 stress_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
To_II date_NN1 ,_, microcystins_NN2 are_VBR the_AT one_MC1 class_NN1 of_IO cyanopeptides_NN2 that_CST is_VBZ studied_VVN most_RGT intensely_RR across_II scientific_JJ disciplines_NN2 ,_, with_IW more_DAR than_CSN 300_MC journal_NN1 articles_NN2 published_VVD annually_RR on_II the_AT topic_NN1 (_( Fig._NN1 1A_FO )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Sustained_JJ high_JJ precipitation_NN1 amounts_NN2 during_II the_AT whole_JJ winter_NNT1 led_VVN to_II this_DD1 record_NN1 ,_, rather_II21 than_II22 a_AT1 few_DA2 very_RG wet_JJ days_NNT2 ,_, and_CC none_PN of_IO the_AT 5-day_JJ precipitation_NN1 averages_NN2 over_II the_AT three_MC winter_NNT1 months_NNT2 was_VBDZ a_AT1 record_NN1 (_( Fig._NN1 3b_FO )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
A_AT1 draw_NN1 solution_NN1 with_IW higher_JJR osmotic_JJ pressure_NN1 than_CSN the_AT feed_NN1 is_VBZ used_VVN on_II the_AT other_JJ side_NN1 of_IO the_AT membrane_NN1 to_TO allow_VVI water_NN1 to_TO flow_VVI in_II that_DD1 direction_NN1 ,_, using_VVG the_AT natural_JJ osmotic_JJ pressure_NN1 gradient_NN1 between_II the_AT two_MC solutions_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
As_CSA shown_VVN in_II Table_NN1 1_MC1 and_CC Fig_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
S4_FO ,_, the_AT presence_NN1 of_IO grit_NN1 displayed_VVD minimal_JJ effects_NN2 on_II the_AT COD_NN removal_NN1 ,_, likely_JJ because_II21 of_II22 the_AT fact_NN1 that_CST the_AT organics_NN1 in_II the_AT feed_NN1 wastewater_NN1 were_VBDR prepared_VVN with_IW readily_RR biodegradable_JJ compounds_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
It_PPH1 is_VBZ still_RR difficult_JJ to_TO compare_VVI their_APPGE performance_NN1 ,_, even_RR in_II the_AT same_DA type_NN1 of_IO wetlands_NN2 ,_, due_II21 to_II22 the_AT variable_JJ inflow_NN1 concentrations_NN2 and_CC hydraulic_JJ retention_NN1 time_NNT1 as_II31 well_II32 as_II33 plant_NN1 species_NN ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT prepared_JJ ZnSO3_FO samples_NN2 were_VBDR characterized_VVN by_II using_VVG X-ray_NN1 diffractometer_NN1 and_CC Ni-filtered_NN1 Cu_FO Ka_NN1 radiation_NN1 ,_, scanning_VVG electron_NN1 microscope_NN1 (_( SEM_NP1 )_) ,_, model_NN1 1455VP_FO ._. 
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<s>
The_AT detected_JJ emission_NN1 wavelength_NN1 of_IO the_AT steady-state_JJ PL_NN1 was_VBDZ from_II 700_MC to_II 850_MC nm_FU ._. 
</s>
<s>
Such_DA a_AT1 rise_NN1 in_II the_AT catalyst_NN1 cost_NN1 will_VM increase_VVI the_AT estimated_JJ MSP_NP1 of_IO FUR_NN1 derivatives_NN2 to_II greater_JJR than_CSN $2.3_NNU kg-1_MC1 ._. 
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<s>
All_DB sperm-positive_JJ rats_NN2 were_VBDR randomly_RR assigned_VVN to_II four_MC different_JJ groups_NN2 :_: Control_NN1 ,_, one-fold_JJ metal_NN1 mixture_NN1 group_NN1 (_( 1x_FO MM_NNU )_) ,_, five-fold_JJ metal_NN1 mixture_NN1 group_NN1 (_( 5_MC x_ZZ1 MM_NNU )_) ,_, and_CC ten-fold_JJ metal_NN1 mixture_NN1 group_NN1 (_( 10_MC x_ZZ1 MM_NNU )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
In_II the_AT author_NN1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 opinion_NN1 ,_, this_DD1 could_VM be_VBI possibly_RR due_II21 to_II22 leakage_NN1 of_IO extracellular_JJ ARGs_NN2 from_II membrane_NN1 pores_NN2 during_II the_AT filtration_NN1 process_NN1 ,_, while_CS most_DAT bacteria_NN2 were_VBDR entrapped_VVN at_II the_AT membrane_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Tomishige_VV0 et_RA21 al_RA22 ._. 
</s>
<s>
reported_VVD the_AT production_NN1 of_IO n-hexane_NN1 from_II cellulose_NN1 over_II Ir-ReOx/SiO2_NP1 and_CC H-ZSM-5_NP1 catalysts_NN2 in_II water/n-dodecane_NN1 biphasic_JJ solvent_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
In_II such_DA a_AT1 situation_NN1 ,_, it_PPH1 may_VM be_VBI possible_JJ to_TO over-rule_VVI the_AT conflicting_JJ result_NN1 from_II a_AT1 QSAR_NN1 model_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Somewhat_RR enhanced_JJ experimental_JJ content_NN1 underlies_VVZ the_AT second_MD of_IO these_DD2 two_MC benchmark_NN1 studies209_FO using_VVG neutron_NN1 diffraction_NN1 in_II combination_NN1 with_IW NMR_NP1 and_CC computer_NN1 modeling_VVG to_TO investigate_VVI the_AT solvation_NN1 of_IO glucose_NN1 monomers_NN2 into_II &lsqb;_( C2mim_FO &rsqb;_) &lsqb;_( OAc_NP1 &rsqb;_) up_II21 to_II22 a_AT1 (_( mole_NN1 )_) proportion_NN1 of_IO 1:6_MC glucose_NN1 to_TO RTIL_VVI ._. 
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<s>
At_RR21 present_RR22 (_( i._MC e._ZZ1 first_MD quarter_NN1 of_IO 2014_MC )_) ,_, the_AT total_JJ global_JJ desalination_NN1 capacity_NN1 stands_VVZ at_II 81_MC million_NNO m3/day_FU ._. 
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<s>
Membrane_NN1 fouling_VVG in_II the_AT presence_NN1 of_IO organic_JJ compounds_NN2 is_VBZ affected_VVN by_II ionic_JJ strength_NN1 ,_, pH_NN1 ,_, ions_NN2 present_VV0 ,_, membrane_NN1 surface_NN1 structure_NN1 and_CC chemistry_NN1 ,_, molecular_JJ weight_NN1 ,_, polarity_NN1 ,_, permeate_JJ flux_NN1 ,_, and_CC hydrodynamic_JJ and_CC operating_VVG conditions_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
As_CSA shown_VVN in_II Fig._NN1 5_MC ,_, the_AT a-Co(OH)2_JJ composite_JJ membranes_NN2 represent_VV0 a_AT1 typical_JJ trade-off_NN1 behavior_NN1 between_II the_AT MB_NNU retention_NN1 and_CC permeation_NN1 flux_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
For_IF bacteria_NN2 ,_, many_DA2 initial_JJ target_NN1 sites_NN2 appear_VV0 to_TO be_VBI located_VVN in_II the_AT cell_NN1 envelope_NN1 ,_, which_DDQ affects_VVZ membrane_NN1 permeability_NN1 and_CC stability_NN1 and_CC provides_VVZ a_AT1 mechanism_NN1 for_IF most_DAT biocides_NN2 to_TO penetrate_VVI in_RP to_II the_AT cytoplasmic_JJ membrane_NN1 or_CC cell_NN1 cytoplasm_NN1 and_CC interacted_VVN with_IW further_JJR target_NN1 sites_NN2 (_( Dallaire_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2010_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
Force_NN1 measurements_NN2 were_VBDR utilised_VVN to_TO elucidate_VVI the_AT mechanisms_NN2 by_II which_DDQ membranes_NN2 become_VV0 fouled_VVN by_II silica_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Moreover_RR ,_, industrial_JJ shock_NN1 loads_NN2 or_CC seawater_NN1 infiltration/intrusion_NN1 can_VM raise_VVI the_AT WAS_VBDZ salt_NN1 content_NN1 and_CC conductivity_NN1 (_( He_PPHS1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2017_MC )_) ,_, which_DDQ is_VBZ in_II31 favor_II32 of_II33 an_AT1 electrochemical_JJ process_NN1 (_( Lin_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 1998_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
The_AT resulting_JJ membranes_NN2 were_VBDR immobilized_VVN with_IW polyhexamethylene_NN1 guanidine_NN1 hydrochloride_NN1 (_( PHGH_NP1 )_) and_CC tested_VVN for_IF their_APPGE antibacterial_JJ properties_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Figure_NN1 4141_MC shows_VVZ inflow_NN1 ,_, outflow_NN1 ,_, and_CC interior_JJ TP_NN1 concentrations_NN2 before_II and_CC after_II BMP_NP1 and_CC stormwater_JJR treatment_NN1 area_NN1 (_( STA_NP1 )_) implementation_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT pooling_NN1 and_CC sequencing_NN1 of_IO purified_JJ amplicons_NN2 were_VBDR completed_VVN on_II the_AT Illumina_NP1 MiSeq_NP1 platform_NN1 according_II21 to_II22 the_AT standard_JJ protocols_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT use_NN1 of_IO ionic_JJ and_CC non-ionic_JJ surfactants_NN2 may_VM be_VBI considered_VVN as_CSA suitable_JJ alternatives_NN2 to_TO replace_VVI pernicious_JJ ,_, environmentally_RR hazardous_JJ organic_JJ compounds_NN2 specially_RR focussing_VVG on_II hygienic_JJ issues_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Those_DD2 peaks_NN2 in_II the_AT range_NN1 of_IO 300_MC --_JJ 600_MC °C_NNU are_VBR denoted_VVN as_II a_AT1 '_NULL -oxygen_NN1 ,_, which_DDQ can_VM be_VBI ascribed_VVN to_II superficial_JJ lattice_NN1 oxygen_NN1 species_NN ._. 
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<s>
Nevertheless_RR ,_, the_AT controllable_JJ preparation_NN1 of_IO superlattices_NN2 still_RR remains_VVZ a_AT1 challenge_NN1 in_II chemistry_NN1 and_CC materials_NN2 science_NN1 ,_, and_CC currently_RR for_IF obtaining_VVG atomic-level_JJ superlattices_NN2 ,_, chemical_JJ vapor_NN1 deposition_NN1 (_( CVD_NP1 )_) and_CC the_AT more_RGR expensive_JJ physical_JJ vapor_NN1 deposition_NN1 (_( PVD_NP1 )_) processes_NN2 are_VBR the_AT most_RGT commonly_RR used_JJ methods_NN2 ,_, yet_RR neither_DD1 of_IO them_PPHO2 can_VM achieve_VVI scalable_JJ preparation_NN1 which_DDQ is_VBZ always_RR a_AT1 formidable_JJ task_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT current_JJ nanoencapsulation_NN1 technology_NN1 has_VHZ strengthened_VVN the_AT prospective_JJ of_IO EOs_NP2 and_CC their_APPGE bioactive_JJ compounds_NN2 in_II food_NN1 preservation_NN1 by_II enhancing_VVG their_APPGE bioactivity_NN1 and_CC mitigating_JJ other_JJ problems_NN2 regarding_II their_APPGE large-scale_JJ application_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Hydraulic_JJ models_NN2 Simulate_VV0 physical_JJ processes_NN2 controlling_VVG and_CC describing_VVG the_AT movement_NN1 of_IO water_NN1 in_II the_AT environment_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT documentation_NN1 of_IO anaerobic_JJ degradation_NN1 is_VBZ relatively_RR recent_JJ and_CC it_PPH1 is_VBZ constantly_RR generating_VVG new_JJ insights_NN2 (_( Heider_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 1998_MC ;_; Heider_NP1 ,_, 2007_MC ;_; Mbadinga_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2011_MC ;_; Wilkes_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2016_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
BPA_NP1 and_CC d&lsqb;-TPA_NP1 (_( 99%_NNU )_) were_VBDR purchased_VVN from_II Sigma-Aldrich_NP1 (_( St._NP1 Louis_NP1 ,_, MO_NP1 )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
According_II21 to_II22 the_AT traditional_JJ view_NN1 ,_, this_DD1 situation_NN1 is_VBZ conducive_JJ to_II the_AT occurrence_NN1 of_IO denitrification_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Meanwhile_RR ,_, after_CS laboratory_NN1 filtration_NN1 ,_, the_AT samples_NN2 had_VHD less_DAR increase_NN1 in_II the_AT NDMA_NP1 FP_NP1 (_( 2.9-8.0_MCMC ng/L_FU )_) ,_, corresponding_VVG to_II a_AT1 removal_NN1 ranging_VVG from_II --_JJ 65%_NNU to_II +50%_FO ._. 
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<s>
Each_DD1 type_NN1 of_IO configuration_NN1 possesses_VVZ varying_JJ degree_NN1 of_IO separation_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT effect_NN1 of_IO electrode_NN1 spacing_VVG on_II the_AT surface_NN1 appearance_NN1 of_IO cathodic_JJ lead_NN1 is_VBZ insignificant_JJ in_II this_DD1 work_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
However_RR ,_, no_AT correlation_NN1 was_VBDZ found_VVN between_II fish_NN Hg_FO concentration_NN1 and_CC weight_NN1 or_CC length_NN1 when_CS analyzing_VVG all_DB specimens_NN2 in_II both_DB2 areas_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Such_DA microbes_NN2 are_VBR adapted_VVN to_II a_AT1 wider_JJR range_NN1 of_IO temperature_NN1 and_CC may_VM be_VBI advantageous_JJ in_II decontaminating_VVG cold_JJ as_II31 well_II32 as_II33 temperate_JJ environments_NN2 (_( Feller_NN1 and_CC Gerday_NP1 ,_, 2003_MC ;_; Michaud_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2007_MC ;_; Qi_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2007_MC ;_; Gratia_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2009_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
We_PPIS2 will_VM exclude_VVI qualitative_JJ ,_, modelling_VVG ,_, and_CC case_NN1 studies_NN2 ,_, as_II31 well_II32 as_II33 nonoriginal_JJ studies_NN2 without_IW quantitative_JJ data_NN (_( e._ZZ1 g._NNU letters_NN2 ,_, commentaries_NN2 and_CC perspectives_NN2 )_) ._. 
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<s>
Similarly_RR ,_, summing_VVG the_AT global_JJ half-degree_JJ resolution_NN1 P_ZZ1 balance_NN1 data_NN used_VVD recently_RR by_II Beusen_NP1 et_RA21 al_RA22 ._. 
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<s>
(_( 2016_MC )_) for_IF the_AT continental_JJ U.S._NP1 suggests_VVZ a_AT1 year_NNT1 2000_MC annual_JJ surplus_NN1 60%_NNU higher_JJR than_CSN our_APPGE 2012_MC estimate_NN1 (_( 0.39_MC Tg_NP1 of_IO P_ZZ1 in_II 2000_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
This_DD1 study_NN1 was_VBDZ performed_VVN in_II the_AT five_MC largest_JJT cities_NN2 in_II Australia_NP1 (_( Sydney_NP1 ,_, Melbourne_NP1 ,_, Brisbane_NP1 ,_, Perth_NP1 and_CC Adelaide_NP1 )_) ,_, respectively_RR representing_VVG the_AT capital_NN1 of_IO five_MC states_VVZ that_CST are_VBR home_NN1 to_II approximately_RR 95%_NNU of_IO Australia_NP1 population_NN1 during_II 2000-2009_MCMC (_( ABS_JJ ,_, 2014a_FO )_) ._. 
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<s>
In_II West_ND1 Antarctica_NP1 ,_, SAT_VVD observations28,30_FO ,_, a_AT1 borehole_NN1 temperature_NN1 profile63,64_FO and_CC ice-core_JJ water_NN1 stable_JJ isotope_NN1 records65_FO all_RR depict_VV0 a_AT1 consistent_JJ ,_, statistically_RR significant_JJ warming_JJ trend_NN1 beginning_VVG in_II the_AT 1950s_MC2 ._. 
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<s>
For_REX21 instance_REX22 ,_, "_" chasing_VVG "_" METH_NP1 is_VBZ the_AT predominate_VV0 route_NN1 of_IO administration_NN1 in_II China_NP1 (_( Khan_NP1 and_CC Nicell_NP1 ,_, 2012_MC )_) ,_, smoking_VVG in_II the_AT USA_NP1 (_( Courtney_NP1 and_CC Ray_NP1 ,_, 2014_MC )_) ,_, and_CC in_II Australia_NP1 smoking_JJ "_" crystal_NN1 METH_NP1 "_" has_VHZ significantly_RR increased_VVN while_CS the_AT use_NN1 of_IO powder_NN1 decreased_VVN (_( "_" Illicit_JJ use_NN1 of_IO drugs_NN2 (_( NDSHS_NP1 2013_MC key_JJ findings_NN2 )_) ,_, Australian_JJ Institute_NN1 of_IO Health_NN1 and_CC Welfare_NN1 ,_, "_" ,_, 2013_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
As_CSA shown_VVN in_II Table_NN1 S1_FO (_( ESI_NP1 )_) ,_, although_CS the_AT plateau_NN1 voltage_NN1 of_IO Se-CCN_NN1 is_VBZ lower_JJR than_CSN those_DD2 of_IO "_" traditional_JJ "_" Na_FU ceramic_JJ cathodes_NN2 such_II21 as_II22 layered_JJ bilayer_NN1 V2O5,79_FO olivine_VV0 FePOq_NP1 ,_, and_CC NASICONS_NN2 ,_, etc._RA ,_, the_AT reversible_JJ capacity_NN1 is_VBZ two_MC and_CC a_AT1 half_DB times_NNT2 higher_RRR or_CC more_RRR ._. 
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<s>
Methane_NN1 emissions_NN2 from_II rice_NN1 (_( 0.58_MC Mg_NNU COze_NN1 M_ZZ1 kcal-1_MC1 )_) ,_, a_AT1 crucial_JJ food_NN1 staple_NN1 supplying_VVG 15%_NNU of_IO total_JJ crop_NN1 kilocalories_NN2 ,_, contribute_VV0 48%_NNU of_IO cropland_NN1 emissions_NN2 ,_, with_IW outsized_JJ production_NN1 intensity_NN1 in_II Vietnam_NP1 ._. 
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<s>
In_II many_DA2 studies_NN2 ,_, researchers_NN2 have_VH0 simply_RR sought_VVN to_TO modify_VVI commercialized_JJ electrodes_NN2 for_IF BESs_NP1 ,_, but_CCB some_DD have_VH0 developed_VVN bioelectrodes_NN2 specifically_RR for_IF BESs_NP1 ._. 
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<s>
Spearman_NN1 correlation_NN1 analysis_NN1 (_( 2-tailed_JJ )_) was_VBDZ conducted_VVN on_II the_AT PIs_NN2 with_IW detection_NN1 frequencies_NN2 >50%_FO ._. 
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<s>
SOM_NNU1 is_VBZ considered_VVN the_AT major_JJ sorptive_JJ compartment_NN1 in_II soils_NN2 for_IF PCBs_NN2 ;_; and_CC partitioning_NN1 is_VBZ regarded_VVN as_II the_AT primary_JJ mechanism_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Generally_RR ,_, sample_NN1 volumes_NN2 of_IO 1.0-4.0_MCMC L_NNU were_VBDR required_VVN to_TO obtain_VVI a_AT1 1-mL_JJ concentrated_JJ solution_NN1 for_IF the_AT PIS_NN2 analysis_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT studies_NN2 investigating_VVG seasonal_JJ trends_NN2 of_IO N2O_FO emissions_NN2 reported_VVD an_AT1 average_JJ EF_NN1 of_IO 1.5%_FO (_( median_NN1 1.7%_FO )_) of_IO the_AT N-load_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Thus_RR the_AT key_JJ to_TO improve_VVI the_AT photocatalysis_NN1 process_NN1 is_VBZ to_TO find_VVI a_AT1 good_JJ performance_NN1 catalyst_NN1 for_IF the_AT CO2_FO to_II methanol_NN1 reaction_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
To_TO analyze_VVI the_AT effect_NN1 of_IO operating_VVG parameters_NN2 on_II the_AT performance_NN1 of_IO the_AT designed_JJ ED_NN1 system_NN1 ,_, the_AT GO_NN1 dispersions_NN2 was_VBDZ desalted_VVN under_II different_JJ operating_NN1 conditions_NN2 for_IF 2_MC h_ZZ1 ._. 
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<s>
In_II Fig._NN1 5_MC ,_, the_AT effects_NN2 of_IO the_AT three_MC factors_NN2 on_II mean_JJ response_NN1 are_VBR displayed_VVN ,_, respectively_RR ._. 
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<s>
After_CS the_AT clarification_NN1 process_NN1 by_II reverse_JJ micelles_NN2 ,_, the_AT organic_JJ phase_NN1 was_VBDZ isolated_VVN for_IF investigation_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
In_II contrast_NN1 to_TO microdomain_VVI A_ZZ1 ,_, here_RL the_AT coarse_JJ grains_NN2 are_VBR connected_VVN to_II the_AT dense_JJ phyllosilicate_NN1 matrix_NN1 via_II thin_JJ Fe_NP1 oxide_NN1 coatings_NN2 (_( mass_JJ signature_NN1 classes_NN2 28-30_MCMC )_) ._. 
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<s>
SFNPs_NP1 do_VD0 not_XX selectively_RR remove_VVI toxic_JJ metals_NN2 and_CC also_RR suitable_JJ for_IF samples_NN2 with_IW complex_JJ matrices_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT water_NN1 was_VBDZ brought_VVN in_II tanks_NN2 and_CC transported_VVN in_II barrels_NN2 ,_, which_DDQ were_VBDR transported_VVN by_II donkeys_NN2 and_CC camels_NN2 (_( see_VV0 Fig._NN1 9_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
To_TO confirm_VVI this_DD1 hypothesis_NN1 ,_, the_AT same_DA experiment_NN1 has_VHZ been_VBN performed_VVN with_IW an_AT1 addition_NN1 of_IO hydrogen_NN1 peroxide_NN1 (_( 200_MC M_NNU )_) after_II 240_MC min_NNU of_IO irradiation_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT enhancement_NN1 of_IO BDE-209_MC degradation_NN1 was_VBDZ observed_VVN with_IW UV_JJ irradiation_NN1 at_II 365_MC nm_FU over_RG 10_MC months_NNT2 comparing_VVG to_II inoculation_NN1 in_II the_AT darkness_NN1 (_( Chou_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2013_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
Therefore_RR ,_, the_AT use_NN1 of_IO AM_VBM based_VVN coagulant_NN1 does_VDZ not_XX greatly_RR contribute_VVI to_II the_AT production_NN1 of_IO THMs_NP1 in_II31 comparison_II32 with_II33 NOM_NP1 in_II water_NN1 during_II chlor(am)_NN1 ination_NN1 (_( Richardson_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2007_MC ;_; Ding_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2018a_FO )_) ._. 
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<s>
Despite_II some_DD uncertainties_NN2 in_II the_AT mechanisms_NN2 involved_VVD ,_, it_PPH1 is_VBZ generally_RR agreed_VVN that_CST the_AT formation_NN1 of_IO amorphous_JJ silica_NN1 deposits_NN2 is_VBZ due_II21 to_II22 the_AT polymerisation_NN1 of_IO silica_NN1 monomers_NN2 at_II high_JJ concentrations_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT OpenFOAM?_NN1 twoPhaseEulerFoam_NN1 solver_NN1 (_( version_NN1 2.3.0_MC )_) has_VHZ been_VBN used_VVN ,_, which_DDQ is_VBZ a_AT1 compressible_JJ Eulerian-Eulerian_JJ Two-Fluid_NN1 Model_NN1 (_( TFM_NP1 )_) including_II the_AT closures_NN2 from_II the_AT Kinetic_JJ Theory_NN1 of_IO Granular_JJ Flow_NN1 (_( KTGF_NP1 )_) for_IF the_AT solids_NN2 phase_NN1 rheology_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
For_IF the_AT last_MD few_DA2 decades_NNT2 ,_, the_AT concept_NN1 of_IO coarse_JJ particle_NN1 flotation_NN1 has_VHZ been_VBN gaining_VVG significant_JJ research_NN1 attention_NN1 in_II the_AT mineral_NN1 processing_NN1 industries_NN2 as_CSA significant_JJ amounts_NN2 of_IO energy_NN1 can_VM be_VBI saved_VVN in_II the_AT grinding_JJ process_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT best-fit_NN1 k1_FO values_NN2 of_IO SA_NP1 retention_NN1 in_II the_AT columns_NN2 with_IW HA_UH was_VBDZ negligible_JJ (_( Table_NN1 2_MC )_) ,_, corresponding_VVG to_II the_AT experimental_JJ measurements_NN2 of_IO complete_JJ breakthrough_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Furthermore_RR ,_, they_PPHS2 constitute_VV0 the_AT main_JJ metallic_JJ pollutants_NN2 emitted_VVD by_II the_AT industrial_JJ port_NN1 zone_NN1 of_IO Fos_NP2 (_( IREP_NP1 ,_, 2016_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
The_AT elements_NN2 of_IO Cu_FO and_CC Mn_FO in_II supernatant_NN1 were_VBDR analyzed_VVN with_IW Inductively_NP1 Coupled_VVD Plasma-Atomic_JJ Emission_NN1 Spectrometry_NN1 by_II Varian_NP1 710ES_FO (_( ICP-AES_NP2 )_) (_( Agilent_JJ Technologies_NN2 Inc_JJ ._. 
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<s>
The_AT GS_NP1 protection_NN1 rate_NN1 of_IO 14.7%_FO is_VBZ already_RR slightly_RR higher_JJR than_CSN the_AT world_NN1 average_NN1 of_IO 13%_NNU ._. 
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<s>
Therefore_RR ,_, this_DD1 research_NN1 provides_VVZ an_AT1 effective_JJ method_NN1 for_IF perchlorate_JJ degradation_NN1 in_II contaminated_JJ water_NN1 with_IW high_JJ concentrations_NN2 or_CC high_JJ salinity_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Mimetic_JJ institutional_JJ pressures_NN2 led_VVN to_II the_AT adoption_NN1 of_IO control_NN1 techniques_NN2 and_CC an_AT1 upward_JJ movement_NN1 of_IO institutionalisation_NN1 from_II techniques_NN2 to_II discourses_NN2 ,_, and_CC finally_RR the_AT adoption_NN1 of_IO the_AT modified_JJ sustainability_NN1 ideal_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Indeed_RR ,_, photodegradation_NN1 of_IO refractory_JJ compounds_NN2 in_II rivers_NN2 might_VM require_VVI very_RG low_JJ flow_NN1 conditions_NN2 caused_VVN by_II prolonged_JJ drought_NN1 to_TO become_VVI important_JJ ._. 
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<s>
The_AT dust_NN1 mass_NN1 pre-loaded_NN1 on_II region_NN1 A1_FO and_CC A2_FO in_II this_DD1 experiment_NN1 was_VBDZ used_VVN to_TO simulate_VVI the_AT residual_JJ dust_NN1 cake_NN1 after_II a_AT1 patchy_JJ cleaning_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT hydrological_JJ regime_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 river_NN1 is_VBZ of_IO fundamental_JJ importance_NN1 for_IF the_AT ecology_NN1 of_IO river_NN1 --_NN1 floodplain_NN1 systems_NN2 (_( Bunn_NP1 and_CC Arthington_NP1 ,_, 2002_MC ;_; Naiman_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2008_MC ;_; Poff_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 1997_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
The_AT operation_NN1 cost_NN1 for_IF membrane_NN1 is_VBZ quite_RG expensive_JJ as_CSA membrane_NN1 system_NN1 required_VVN intensive_JJ energy_NN1 to_TO be_VBI operated_VVN (_( Muralidhara_NP1 2010_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
As_II such_DA ,_, there_EX is_VBZ a_AT1 strong_JJ need_NN1 for_IF high-performance_JJ polymers_NN2 that_CST do_VD0 not_XX pose_VVI a_AT1 threat_NN1 to_II human_JJ health_NN1 ,_, from_II production_NN1 ,_, usage_NN1 ,_, and_CC end-of-life_JJ perspectives_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Hence_RR ,_, the_AT measured_JJ total-C_NP1 can_VM be_VBI considered_VVN to_TO be_VBI equivalent_JJ to_TO total_VVI organic_JJ carbon_NN1 (_( TOC_NP1 )_) ._. 
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<s>
This_DD1 finding_NN1 was_VBDZ remarkable_JJ ,_, given_CS21 that_CS22 the_AT foliar_NN1 Cd_NN1 hyperaccumulated_VVD by_II A._NP1 halleri_NN2 and_CC N._NP1 caerulescens_NN2 was_VBDZ mainly_RR concentrated_VVN in_II the_AT trichomes_NN2 and_CC epidermal_JJ cells_NN2 ,_, respectively_RR ._. 
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<s>
Hence_RR at_II Auchencorth_NP1 ,_, during_II moderate_JJ PM10_FO concentrations_NN2 ,_, which_DDQ made_VVD the_AT largest_JJT contribution_NN1 to_II component_JJ annual_JJ averages_NN2 ,_, this_DD1 contribution_NN1 was_VBDZ determined_VVN during_II both_RR '_NULL Marine_JJ '_NULL and_CC '_NULL UK_NP1 '_NULL trajectory_NN1 clusters_NN2 ,_, with_IW a_AT1 smaller_JJR contribution_NN1 from_II the_AT '_NULL Western/Eastern_JJ Europe_NP1 '_NULL cluster_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Moreover_RR ,_, Simonet_NP1 and_CC Gantzer_NP1 (_( 2006_MC )_) have_VH0 also_RR shown_VVN that_DD1 genome_NN1 degradation_NN1 could_VM explain_VVI UV-induced_JJ viral_JJ inactivation_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Calcine_VV0 samples_NN2 were_VBDR collected_VVN at_II 10_MC cm_NNU interval_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Driven_VVN by_II the_AT external_JJ potential_NN1 ,_, Li+_FO in_II the_AT brine_NN1 is_VBZ intercalated_VVN into_II FePO4_FO to_TO produce_VVI LiFePO4_FO ,_, and_CC Li+_FO is_VBZ released_VVN into_II the_AT Mg2+-free_FO electrolyte_NN1 from_II LiFePO4_FO cathode_NN1 to_TO produce_VVI FePO4_FO in_II the_AT membrane_NN1 electrolysis_NN1 process_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Those_DD2 challenges_NN2 identified_VVN as_II21 of_II22 high_JJ influence_NN1 for_IF developing_JJ countries_NN2 are_VBR discussed_VVN in_II detail_NN1 in_II following_VVG sections_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
BAC_JJ treatment_NN1 effectively_RR lowered_VVD DBP_NP1 formation_NN1 upon_II simulated_JJ distribution_NN1 system_NN1 (_( SDS_NP1 )_) chlorination_NN1 ,_, concurring_VVG with_IW the_AT DOC_NN1 removal_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
A_AT1 number_NN1 of_IO studies_NN2 on_II selective_JJ synthesis_NN1 and_CC structural_JJ analysis_NN1 have_VH0 been_VBN performed_VVN to_TO attain_VVI uniform_JJ and_CC controlled_JJ structure_NN1 of_IO the_AT CNFs_NP1 ._. 
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<s>
In_II31 addition_II32 to_II33 selection_NN1 of_IO various_JJ methods_NN2 (_( e._ZZ1 g_ZZ1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
RO_NP1 ,_, ion_NN1 exchange_NN1 and_CC hybrid_JJ systems_NN2 )_) and_CC parameters_NN2 for_IF effective_JJ boron_NN1 removal_NN1 from_II seawater_NN1 ,_, extensive_JJ economic_JJ investigations_NN2 and_CC estimations_NN2 are_VBR needed_VVN ._. 
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<s>
In_RR21 general_RR22 ,_, the_AT reed_NN1 is_VBZ universally_RR recommended_VVN and_CC practically_RR applied_VVN in_II CWs_NP1 systems_NN2 to_II date_NN1 ,_, which_DDQ could_VM be_VBI an_AT1 optimal_JJ choice_NN1 in_II alleviating_VVG ARGs_NN2 and_CC 16sRNA_FO contaminants_NN2 compared_VVN with_IW other_JJ plants_NN2 (_( Fang_NN1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2017_MC ;_; Yi_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2017_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
The_AT hexafluorosilicate_NN1 solutions_NN2 were_VBDR developed_VVN for_IF the_AT electrorefining_JJ process_NN1 known_VVN as_II the_AT Betts_NP1 process_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Before_II testing_NN1 ,_, all_DB materials_NN2 were_VBDR autoclaved_VVN at_II 120_MC for_IF 20_MC min_NNU in_BCL21 order_BCL22 to_TO ensure_VVI sterility_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
In_II the_AT BES-based_JJ hybrid_JJ system_NN1 for_IF nutrient_NN1 recovery_NN1 ,_, precipitates_NN2 formed_VVN on_II the_AT surface_NN1 of_IO the_AT cathode_NN1 are_VBR considered_VVN to_TO be_VBI phosphate-based_JJ substances_NN2 with_IW little_DA1 struvite_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT informal_JJ economy_NN1 is_VBZ defined_VVN as_II "_" all_DB economic_JJ activities_NN2 by_II workers_NN2 and_CC economic_JJ units_NN2 that_CST are_VBR --_JJ in_II law_NN1 or_CC in_II practice_NN1 --_NN1 not_XX covered_VVN or_CC insufficiently_RR covered_VVN by_II formal_JJ arrangements_NN2 "_" ,_, but_CCB excluding_II "_" illicit_JJ activities_NN2 ,_, in_RR21 particular_RR22 the_AT provision_NN1 of_IO services_NN2 or_CC the_AT production_NN1 ,_, sale_NN1 ,_, possession_NN1 or_CC use_NN1 of_IO goods_NN2 forbidden_VVN by_II law_NN1 ,_, including_II the_AT illicit_JJ production_NN1 and_CC trafficking_NN1 of_IO drugs_NN2 ,_, the_AT illicit_JJ manufacturing_NN1 of_IO and_CC trafficking_VVG in_II firearms_NN2 ,_, trafficking_VVG in_II persons_NN2 ,_, and_CC money_NN1 laundering_NN1 ,_, as_CSA defined_VVN in_II the_AT relevant_JJ international_JJ treaties_NN2 "_" (_( p._NNU 4_MC )_) (_( 104th_MD International_JJ Labour_JJ Conference_NN1 ,_, 2015_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
What_DDQ is_VBZ more_RRR ,_, the_AT higher_JJR activity_NN1 of_IO the_AT co-precipitated_VVN catalysts_NN2 was_VBDZ ascribed_VVN to_II the_AT presence_NN1 of_IO the_AT new_JJ surface_NN1 WOX_NN1 sites_NN2 associated_JJ surface_NN1 defects_NN2 on_II the_AT TiO2_FO support_NN1 ,_, and_CC the_AT new_JJ surface_NN1 WOX_NN1 sites_NN2 increased_VVD the_AT ammonia_NN1 adsorption_NN1 capacity_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
However_RR ,_, eDNA_NN1 tracing_NN1 presents_VVZ some_DD limitations_NN2 such_II21 as_II22 ,_, for_REX21 example_REX22 ,_, the_AT detection_NN1 of_IO false_JJ positives_NN2 (_( when_CS a_AT1 target_NN1 species_NN is_VBZ absent_JJ but_CCB its_APPGE DNA_NN1 is_VBZ recovered_VVN )_) and_CC false_JJ negatives_NN2 (_( i._MC e._ZZ1 ,_, species_NN undetected_JJ where_CS they_PPHS2 are_VBR present_JJ )_) which_DDQ have_VH0 to_TO be_VBI carefully_RR evaluated_VVN and_CC avoided_VVN ._. 
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<s>
In_II contrast_NN1 ,_, across_II all_DB samples_NN2 ,_, Pb_FO stable_JJ isotope_NN1 ratios_NN2 are_VBR not_XX correlated_VVN with_IW Pb_FO concentrations_NN2 (_( e._ZZ1 g._NNU ,_, for_IF 206Pb/207Pb_NN1 ,_, r_ZZ1 =_FO 0.24_MC ,_, p_ZZ1 =_FO 0.12_MC ;_; Figure_NN1 S2A_FO ,_, B_ZZ1 )_) and_CC have_VH0 relatively_RR moderate_JJ correlations_NN2 with_IW 210Pb_FO activities_NN2 (_( r_ZZ1 =_FO 0.31_MC ,_, 0.66_MC ,_, p_ZZ1 =_FO 0.06_MC ,_, <0.01_FO ;_; Figure_NN1 S1B_FO ,_, C_ZZ1 ,_, respectively_RR )_) and_CC 210Pb/226Ra_NN1 ratios_NN2 (_( r_ZZ1 =_FO 0.09_MC ,_, 0.37_MC ,_, p_ZZ1 <_FO 0.01_MC ;_; Figure_NN1 S1E_FO ,_, F_ZZ1 ,_, respectively_RR )_) ,_, largely_RR due_II21 to_II22 higher_JJR correlations_NN2 between_II Pb_FO stable_JJ isotopes_NN2 and_CC 210Pb_FO activities_NN2 for_IF the_AT Illinois_NP1 fly_NN1 ash_NN1 samples_NN2 (_( r_ZZ1 =_FO 0.72_MC ,_, 0.74_MC ,_, p_ZZ1 <_FO 0.01_MC ;_; Figure_NN1 S1B_FO ,_, C_ZZ1 ,_, respectively_RR )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT factor_NN1 was_VBDZ therefore_RR labeled_VVN "_" Crustal_JJ Material/Saharan_JJ aerosol_NN1 "_" ._. 
</s>
<s>
However_RR ,_, the_AT overall_JJ sources_NN2 and_CC routes_NN2 of_IO microplastics_NN2 entering_VVG the_AT WWTPs_NP1 have_VH0 not_XX been_VBN fully_RR understood_VVN yet_RR ._. 
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<s>
In_II this_DD1 respect_NN1 ,_, we_PPIS2 intended_VVD to_TO provide_VVI a_AT1 more_RGR efficient_JJ and_CC economic_JJ utilization_NN1 of_IO crop_NN1 straws_NN2 ._. 
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Despite_II the_AT fact_NN1 that_CST a_AT1 great_JJ deal_NN1 of_IO useful_JJ work_NN1 has_VHZ been_VBN carried_VVN out_RP ,_, mostly_RR using_VVG advanced_JJ numerical_JJ methods_NN2 ,_, there_EX is_VBZ scope_NN1 for_IF further_RRR pursuing_VVG detailed_JJ (_( well_RR designed_VVN )_) studies_NN2 at_II both_DB2 theoretical_JJ and_CC experimental_JJ level_NN1 ,_, to_TO better_RRR understand_VVI the_AT spacer_NN1 morphology_NN1 effects_NN2 on_II the_AT flow_NN1 field_NN1 and_CC related_JJ transport_NN1 phenomena_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
PBDEs_NN2 have_VH0 been_VBN measured_VVN in_II human_JJ serum_NN1 as_CSA biomarkers_NN2 of_IO exposure_NN1 ,_, while_CS diester_NN1 metabolites_NN2 have_VH0 been_VBN measured_VVN in_II human_JJ urine_NN1 as_CSA indicators_NN2 of_IO OPFR_NP1 exposure_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
MD_NN1 technology_NN1 has_VHZ gained_VVN a_AT1 tremendous_JJ amount_NN1 of_IO interest_NN1 over_II the_AT years_NNT2 in_II31 terms_II32 of_II33 its_APPGE design_NN1 ,_, testing_VVG parameters_NN2 ,_, modeling_VVG and_CC applications_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Plant_NN1 response_NN1 to_II Cd_NN1 toxicity_NN1 varies_VVZ with_IW cultivars_NN2 ,_, growth_NN1 conditions_NN2 ,_, and_CC duration_NN1 of_IO Cd_NN1 stress_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT basis_NN1 for_IF selecting_VVG a_AT1 particular_JJ accounting_NN1 methodology_NN1 is_VBZ not_XX well_RR established_VVN (_( D.-S_NP1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Huang_VV0 and_CC Zhang_NP1 ,_, 2013_MC ;_; Huang_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2012b_FO ;_; Kan_NP1 and_CC Chen_NP1 ,_, 2004_MC ;_; Wenbo_NP1 and_CC Shiqiu_NP1 ,_, 2010_MC ;_; Zhang_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2010_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT significant_JJ dewatering_NN1 was_VBDZ found_VVN at_II the_AT conversion_NN1 factor_NN1 of_IO 0.259_MC (_( moisture_NN1 content_NN1 of_IO 32%_NNU for_IF 30_MC min_NNU at_II 180_MC °C_NNU )_) ._. 
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<s>
Chlorinated_JJ ethenes_NN2 are_VBR xenobiotic_JJ volatile_JJ organic_JJ compounds_NN2 comprising_VVG perchloroethene_NN1 (_( PCE_NP1 )_) ,_, trichloroethene_NN1 (_( TCE_NP1 )_) ,_, dichloroethenes_NN2 (_( cDCE_VV0 ,_, tDCE_NN1 )_) and_CC vinyl_NN1 chloride_NN1 (_( VC_NN1 )_) ._. 
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<s>
Yields_NN2 for_IF many_DA2 winter_NNT1 and_CC spring_NN1 crops_NN2 are_VBR expected_VVN to_TO decrease_VVI due_II21 to_II22 climate_NN1 change_NN1 ,_, especially_RR in_II the_AT South_ND1 ._. 
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<s>
As_II the_AT market-based_JJ regulations_NN2 are_VBR more_RGR direct_JJ in_II realizing_VVG the_AT internalization_NN1 of_IO external_JJ costs_NN2 of_IO polluting_VVG enterprises_NN2 ,_, and_CC the_AT measures_NN2 in_II the_AT implementation_NN1 process_NN1 are_VBR clearer_JJR ,_, more_RRR grounded_VVN and_CC more_RRR targeted_VVN ._. 
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<s>
These_DD2 findings_NN2 support_VV0 that_CST potentially_RR only_RR a_AT1 small_JJ portion_NN1 of_IO MAC_NN1 exposures_NN2 may_VM progress_VVI to_II severe_JJ infection_NN1 or_CC disease_NN1 outcomes_NN2 in_II a_AT1 healthy_JJ population_NN1 (_( Primm_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2004_MC )_) ,_, but_CCB the_AT portion_NN1 for_IF HIV_NP1 patients_NN2 is_VBZ likely_JJ to_TO be_VBI larger_JJR (_( Arasteh_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2000_MC )_) and_CC exposures_NN2 to_II MAC_NP1 have_VH0 been_VBN shown_VVN to_TO increase_VVI with_IW age_NN1 (_( Fairchok_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 1995_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
The_AT n(O-H)_NP1 mode_NN1 at_II 3673_MC cm-1_MC1 is_VBZ from_II the_AT surface_NN1 hydroxyl_NN1 groups_NN2 ,_, indicating_VVG that_CST the_AT dissociation_NN1 of_IO water_NN1 on_II C/Mo(110)_NP1 occurs_VVZ at_II 140_MC K._NP1 The_AT features_NN2 of_IO n(O-H)_NP1 at_II 3463_MC cm-1_MC1 and_CC d(HOH)_NN1 at_II 1644_MC cm-1_MC1 are_VBR from_II molecular_JJ water_NN1 ,_, suggesting_VVG that_DD1 molecular_JJ adsorption_NN1 also_RR takes_VVZ place_NN1 at_II this_DD1 temperature_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT corresponding_JJ n-caprylate_JJ productivity_NN1 was_VBDZ 19.4_MC g_ZZ1 COD_NN L-1_FO d-1_FO (_( 0.33_MC g_ZZ1 L-1_FO h-1_FO )_) (_( Table_NN1 S2_FO ,_, ESI_NP1 )_) ,_, which_DDQ is_VBZ more_DAR than_CSN four_MC times_NNT2 the_AT highest_JJT n-caprylate_JJ productivity_NN1 (_( 4.4_MC g_ZZ1 COD_NN L-1_FO d-1_FO ;_; 0.07_MC g_ZZ1 L-1_FO h-1_FO )_) reported_VVD previously_RR (_( Fig._NN1 2_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
Therefore_RR ,_, little_DA1 is_VBZ known_VVN about_II the_AT nature_NN1 of_IO the_AT deep_JJ Earth_NN1 or_CC additional_JJ factors_NN2 (_( e._ZZ1 g._NNU radiation_NN1 ,_, air_NN1 pressure_NN1 ,_, rock_NN1 ,_, microorganism_NN1 and_CC even_RR unknown_JJ factors_NN2 )_) that_CST might_VM affect_VVI the_AT health_NN1 of_IO humans_NN2 or_CC other_JJ organisms_NN2 that_CST work_VV0 or_CC live_VV0 in_II the_AT deep-underground_JJ space_NN1 (_( Xie_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2017_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
The_AT crosslinked_JJ copolymer_NN1 was_VBDZ synthesized_VVN and_CC extracted_VVN for_IF comparison_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Surface-layer_JJ lake_NN1 sediments_NN2 and_CC surface_NN1 soils_NN2 are_VBR more_RGR likely_JJ to_TO be_VBI exposed_VVN to_II anthropogenic_JJ Pb_FO inputs_NN2 ,_, whereas_CS bottomlayer_NN1 lake_NN1 sediments_NN2 and_CC subsurface_NN1 soils_NN2 are_VBR considered_VVN to_TO be_VBI more_RGR pristine_JJ and_CC reflect_VV0 the_AT natural_JJ Pb_FO (_( bedrock-derived_NN1 )_) ._. 
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<s>
One_MC1 respondent_NN1 to_II the_AT questionnaire_NN1 also_RR suggested_VVN that_CST different_JJ types_NN2 of_IO buildings_NN2 should_VM have_VHI different_JJ energy_NN1 use_NN1 scope_NN1 in_II their_APPGE affiliated_JJ ZCB_NP1 definition_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
To_TO guarantee_VVI the_AT safety_NN1 of_IO water_NN1 supplies_NN2 ,_, a_AT1 water_NN1 treatment_NN1 plant_NN1 (_( WTP_NP1 )_) adjacent_II21 to_II22 the_AT lake_NN1 set_VVD up_RP a_AT1 biological_JJ treatment_NN1 facility_NN1 (_( BTF_NP1 )_) (_( maximum_JJ treatment_NN1 volume_NN1 :_: 160,000_MC m3_FO day-1_MC1 ;_; retention_NN1 time_NNT1 :_: 2_MC h_ZZ1 )_) packed_VVD with_IW the_AT honeycomb_NN1 tube_NN1 made_VVN of_IO polyvinyl_NN1 chloride_NN1 (_( thickness_NN1 :_: 0.1_MC mm_NNU )_) as_II the_AT media_NN for_IF biofilms_NN2 habitat_NN1 ,_, which_DDQ is_VBZ kept_VVN submerged_VVN in_II the_AT biological_JJ treatment_NN1 (_( BT_NP1 )_) tank_NN1 (_( with_IW aeration_NN1 )_) of_IO the_AT WTP_NP1 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT sources_NN2 of_IO OCP_NP1 pollution_NN1 of_IO the_AT marine_JJ environment_NN1 can_VM be_VBI leakage_NN1 from_II storage_NN1 sites_NN2 ,_, surface_NN1 runoff_NN1 from_II catchment_NN1 areas_NN2 of_IO waterbodies_NN2 ,_, fall_VV0 with_IW precipitation_NN1 ,_, as_II31 well_II32 as_II33 atmospheric_JJ circulation_NN1 and_CC transport_NN1 by_II sea_NN1 currents_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
A_AT1 decrease_NN1 in_II spring_NN1 streamflow_NN1 ,_, but_CCB increases_VVZ in_II the_AT summer_NNT1 and_CC fall_VV0 in_II the_AT Combined_JJ A_ZZ1 and_CC B_ZZ1 scenarios_NN2 suggest_VV0 a_AT1 seasonal_JJ shift_NN1 in_II climate_NN1 and_CC streamflow_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Pekker_NP1 et_RA21 al_RA22 ._. 
</s>
<s>
(_( 2002_MC )_) demonstrated_VVD that_CST the_AT Fe_NP1 stress-induced_JJ expression_NN1 of_IO cytosolic_JJ APX_NP1 can_VM be_VBI possible_JJ both_RR at_II mRNA_NN1 and_CC protein_NN1 levels_NN2 in_II plant_NN1 organ_NN1 such_II21 as_II22 leaves_NN2 (_( Pekker_NP1 et_RA21 al_RA22 ._. 
</s>
<s>
2002_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Characterization_NN1 results_NN2 indicate_VV0 unique_JJ structural_JJ properties_NN2 and_CC excellent_JJ regeneration_NN1 potential_NN1 of_IO nickel_NN1 aluminates_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Respondents_NN2 who_PNQS received_VVD the_AT accuracy_NN1 treatment_NN1 displayed_VVD no_AT evidence_NN1 of_IO an_AT1 endorsement_NN1 effect_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT working_JJ face_NN1 has_VHZ an_AT1 area_NN1 of_IO approximately_RR 1000_MC m2_FO ,_, where_CS wastes_NN2 are_VBR dumped_VVN and_CC compacted_JJ daily_NN1 (_( Fig_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
A1_FO ,_, Appendix_NN1 A_ZZ1 )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
As_CSA mentioned_VVN above_RL ,_, we_PPIS2 attribute_VV0 this_DD1 discrepancy_NN1 to_II the_AT rapid_JJ initial_JJ rise_NN1 of_IO ionic_JJ resistance_NN1 associated_VVN with_IW CV_NN1 operation_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
However_RR ,_, the_AT trans-boundary_JJ emissions_NN2 are_VBR not_XX required_VVN in_II IPCC_NP1 guidelines_NN2 for_IF national_JJ level_NN1 ,_, thus_RR different_JJ requirements_NN2 for_IF accounting_VVG trans-boundary_JJ emissions_NN2 are_VBR shown_VVN in_II city_NN1 protocols_NN2 (_( see_VV0 Figure_NN1 4_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
PM2.5_FO and_CC PM10_FO can_VM be_VBI emitted_VVN by_II a_AT1 variety_NN1 of_IO sources_NN2 such_II21 as_II22 construction_NN1 and_CC demolition_NN1 ,_, as_II31 well_II32 as_II33 wind_NN1 resuspension_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
A_AT1 recent_JJ study_NN1 reported_VVD that_DD1 exposure_NN1 to_TO DEHP_VVI from_II hatching_NN1 to_II adulthood_NN1 accelerated_VVD the_AT start_NN1 of_IO spawning_NN1 and_CC decreased_VVD the_AT egg_NN1 production_NN1 of_IO exposed_JJ marine_JJ madaka_NN1 females_NN2 whereas_CS exposure_NN1 to_TO both_RR DEHP_VVI and_CC MEHP_NP1 resulted_VVD in_II a_AT1 reduction_NN1 of_IO the_AT fertilization_NN1 rate_NN1 of_IO oocytes_NN2 spawned_VVN by_II untreated_JJ females_NN2 paired_VVN with_IW treated_JJ males_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT concentrations_NN2 of_IO PET_NN1 in_II sludge_NN1 collected_VVN from_II low-capacity_NN1 (_( L_ZZ1 ,_, 1-10_MCMC MGD_NP1 )_) and_CC medium-capacity_NN1 (_( M_ZZ1 ,_, >10-100_FO MGD_NP1 )_) STPs_NP1 were_VBDR higher_JJR than_CSN those_DD2 of_IO high-capacity_NN1 (_( H_ZZ1 ,_, >100_FO MGd_NP1 )_) plants_NN2 (_( L_ZZ1 vs_II H_ZZ1 ,_, p_ZZ1 =_FO 0.064_MC ;_; M_ZZ1 vs_II H_ZZ1 ,_, p_ZZ1 =_FO 0.098_MC ;_; one-way_JJ ANOVA_NN1 )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Due_II21 to_II22 the_AT characteristics_NN2 of_IO sewage_NN1 sludge_NN1 ,_, including_II the_AT high_JJ degree_NN1 of_IO water_NN1 bounding_VVG (_( Coelho_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2011_MC )_) ,_, low_JJ biodegradability_NN1 (_( Kuglarz_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2013_MC )_) and_CC existence_NN1 of_IO chemical_JJ pollutants_NN2 ,_, such_II21 as_II22 heavy_JJ metals_NN2 ,_, pathogens_NN2 and_CC persistent_JJ organic_JJ pollutants_NN2 (_( Hua_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2008_MC )_) ,_, sludge_VV0 treatment_NN1 and_CC disposal_NN1 present_NN1 rising_VVG challenges_NN2 for_IF wastewater_JJR treatment_NN1 plants_NN2 (_( WWTPs_NP1 )_) ._. 
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<s>
Studies_NN2 of_IO micronutrient_JJ undernutrition_NN1 were_VBDR few_DA2 (_( six_MC studies_NN2 )_) ,_, of_IO which_DDQ only_RR four_MC were_VBDR designed_VVN to_TO examine_VVI its_APPGE association_NN1 with_IW drought_NN1 exposure_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Although_CS boron_NN1 is_VBZ essential_JJ as_II a_AT1 trace_NN1 element_NN1 for_IF plant_NN1 growth_NN1 and_CC is_VBZ supplied_VVN in_II fertilizer_NN1 ,_, it_PPH1 can_VM be_VBI detrimental_JJ at_II higher_JJR concentrations_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
With_IW the_AT synergetic_JJ effect_NN1 of_IO TMSP_NP1 and_CC VC_NN1 ,_, the_AT interfacial_JJ film_NN1 of_IO lithium_NN1 anode_NN1 was_VBDZ effectively_RR modified_VVN and_CC the_AT lithium_NN1 ion_NN1 diffusion_NN1 was_VBDZ effectively_RR accelerated_VVN ._. 
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<s>
To_TO estimate_VVI the_AT uncertainty_NN1 of_IO the_AT analysis_NN1 we_PPIS2 performed_VVD a_AT1 Monte_NP1 Carlo_NP1 simulation_NN1 to_TO identify_VVI the_AT margins_NN2 of_IO error_NN1 due_II21 to_II22 the_AT uncertainty_NN1 in_II all_DB the_AT parameter_NN1 values_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT functionalization_NN1 of_IO MWCNTs_NP1 was_VBDZ performed_VVN by_II attaching_VVG carboxylic_JJ acid_NN1 groups_NN2 on_II the_AT CNTs_NP1 according_II21 to_II22 the_AT method_NN1 presented_VVN by_II Tsang_NP1 et_RA21 al_RA22 ._. 
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<s>
&lsqb;_( 39_MC &rsqb;_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Although_CS understanding_VVG the_AT input_NN1 ,_, process_NN1 and_CC output_NN1 of_IO returns_NN2 management_NN1 is_VBZ the_AT first_MD step_NN1 toward_II the_AT adoption_NN1 of_IO environmental_JJ sustainability_NN1 initiatives_NN2 ,_, there_EX are_VBR limited_JJ studies_NN2 concerning_II such_DA matters_NN2 ,_, especially_RR in_II developing_JJ countries_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Also_RR ,_, in_II the_AT presence_NN1 of_IO solid_JJ phase_NN1 in_II these_DD2 types_NN2 of_IO bioreactors_NN2 makes_VVZ the_AT studies_NN2 of_IO the_AT hydrodynamics_NN1 and_CC oxygen_NN1 mass_NN1 transfer_VV0 very_RG important_JJ for_IF the_AT evaluation_NN1 of_IO the_AT bioreactor_NN1 performance_NN1 and_CC operation_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
In_II summary_NN1 ,_, we_PPIS2 consider_VV0 that_CST the_AT larger_JJR concentration_NN1 of_IO oxygen_NN1 vacancies_NN2 in_II SFTO-hyd_NN1 leave_VV0 more_DAR space_NN1 for_IF bidentate_NN1 nitrate_NN1 coordination_NN1 both_RR in_II the_AT dark_NN1 and_CC under_II irradiation_NN1 ,_, and_CC could_VM be_VBI considered_VVN as_CSA potential_JJ photoassisted_JJ NOx_NN1 storage_NN1 material_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Different_JJ scenarios_NN2 ,_, including_II those_DD2 with_IW child_NN1 bathers_NN2 ,_, different_JJ geographic_JJ regions_NN2 ,_, and_CC alternative_JJ pathogen_NN1 sources_NN2 would_VM significantly_RR alter_VVI the_AT risk_NN1 profile_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Generally_RR ,_, decreasing_VVG the_AT HOMO/LUMO_NN1 energy_NN1 offset_VVN at_II the_AT donor/acceptor_NN1 interface_NN1 is_VBZ used_VVN to_TO reduce_VVI voltage_NN1 loss_NN1 and_CC to_TO improve_VVI Vqc_NP1 in_II OSCs_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
After_II drying_VVG at_II 80°C_NNU for_IF 12h_FO ,_, gold_NN1 was_VBDZ added_VVN via_II the_AT above-mentioned_JJ deposition-precipitation_JJ method_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
In_II that_DD1 study_NN1 ,_, HEV_VH0 G1_FO ,_, originating_VVG both_RR from_II culture_NN1 and_CC faeces_NN2 ,_, was_VBDZ treated_VVN with_IW sodium_NN1 hypochlorite_NN1 at_II 1000_MC ppm_NNU ;_; a_AT1 first_MD phase_NN1 with_IW an_AT1 initial_JJ decline_NN1 in_II infectious_JJ units_NN2 of_IO approximately_RR 2_MC log_NN1 was_VBDZ reported_VVN ,_, followed_VVN by_II a_AT1 phase_NN1 of_IO further_JJR decline_NN1 of_IO less_DAR than_CSN 1_MC1 log_NN1 and_CC a_AT1 still_RR detectable_JJ RNA_NN1 and_CC infectious_JJ viruses_NN2 at_II 30_MC min_NNU ._. 
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<s>
As_CSA expected_VVN ,_, when_CS hydrothermal_JJ treatment_NN1 was_VBDZ applied_VVN to_II excess_JJ sludge_NN1 ,_, the_AT dewatering_JJ performance_NN1 was_VBDZ linked_VVN closely_RR to_II the_AT composition_NN1 changes_NN2 of_IO hydrothermal_JJ sludge_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
To_TO overcome_VVI the_AT existing_JJ barriers_NN2 ,_, new_JJ and_CC better_JJR membranes_NN2 ,_, improved_JJ design_NN1 of_IO the_AT membranes_NN2 and_CC of_IO modules_NN2 and_CC an_AT1 overall_RR better_JJR engineering_NN1 are_VBR necessary_JJ for_IF a_AT1 further_JJR industrial_JJ exploitation_NN1 of_IO this_DD1 technology_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Similarly_RR ,_, with_IW a_AT1 promotion_NN1 in_II the_AT rate_NN1 of_IO mass_JJ flow_NN1 from_II 150_MC to_II 235_MC l_ZZ1 h-1_FO ,_, the_AT VMD_NP1 flux_NN1 boosted_VVD up_RG21 to_RG22 50.5_MC from_II 46.9_MC kg_NNU m-2_FO h-1_FO ,_, as_CSA revealed_VVN by_II Criscuoli_NP1 et_RA21 al_RA22 ._. 
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<s>
under_II a_AT1 downstream_JJ pressure_NN1 of_IO 60_MC mbar_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
After_CS ingestion_NN1 ,_, microplastics_NN2 cause_VV0 toxicity_NN1 effects_NN2 to_II humans_NN2 and_CC living_JJ organisms_NN2 through_II several_DA2 pathways_NN2 and_CC mechanisms_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
To_TO determine_VVI whether_CSW E._NP1 coli_NN2 sources_NN2 are_VBR connected_VVN to_II waterways_NN2 it_PPH1 is_VBZ necessary_JJ to_TO consider_VVI the_AT movement_NN1 of_IO water_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
As_II a_AT1 feed_NN1 solution_NN1 ,_, 10_MC mM_NNU NaCl_NN1 solution_NN1 was_VBDZ used_VVN with_IW a_AT1 flow_NN1 rate_NN1 of_IO 2_MC mL_NNU min_NNU --_NN1 1_MC1 ._. 
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<s>
Our_APPGE model_NN1 predicts_VVZ high_JJ arsenic_NN1 in_II parts_NN2 of_IO eastern_JJ New_NP1 Mexico_NP1 and_CC northern_JJ Wisconsin_NP1 where_CS domestic_JJ well_JJ maps_NN2 indicate_VV0 no_UH or_CC sparse_JJ data_NN ,_, these_DD2 may_VM be_VBI areas_NN2 to_TO watch_VVI as_RG new_JJ data_NN become_VV0 available_JJ ._. 
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<s>
Sets_NN2 of_IO principles_NN2 ,_, based_VVN on_II LCA_NP1 concepts_NN2 ,_, data_NN ,_, methods_NN2 ,_, and_CC applied_JJ experience_NN1 ,_, are_VBR intended_VVN to_TO simplify_VVI and_CC guide_VVI the_AT environmental_JJ improvement_NN1 process_NN1 and_CC have_VH0 been_VBN developed_VVN in_II several_DA2 fields_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
However_RR ,_, while_CS DCBQ_NP1 has_VHZ been_VBN identified_VVN as_II a_AT1 major_JJ transformation_NN1 product_NN1 of_IO 2,4,6-trichlorophenol_FO ,_, these_DD2 experiments_NN2 were_VBDR conducted_VVN under_II acidic_JJ conditions_NN2 (_( pH_NN1 <6_FO )_) ._. 
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<s>
Findings_NN2 confirmed_VVD the_AT association_NN1 between_II EPI_NN2 with_IW GDP_NN1 per_RR21 capita_RR22 ,_, HSWGR_NP1 ,_, non-hazardous_JJ HSW_NP1 ,_, and_CC hazardous_JJ HSW_NP1 by_II the_AT Spearman_NN1 coefficient_NN1 of_IO 0.47_MC ,_, 0.389_MC ,_, 0.118_MC ,_, and_CC -0.118_MC ,_, respectively_RR ._. 
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<s>
Over_II the_AT same_DA period_NN1 ,_, annual_JJ use_NN1 of_IO other_JJ herbicides_NN2 commonly_RR paired_VVN with_IW dichloroacetamide_NN1 safeners_NN2 (_( e._ZZ1 g._NNU ,_, racemic_JJ metolachlor_NN1 and_CC acetochlor_NN1 )_) also_RR increased_VVN ._. 
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<s>
Formation_NN1 of_IO kaolinite_NN1 occurs_VVZ through_II hydrothermal_JJ modification_NN1 or_CC weathering_NN1 of_IO acidic_JJ igneous_JJ rocks_NN2 containing_VVG aluminum-rich_JJ silicates_NN2 like_II feldspars_NN2 and_CC muscovite_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
HA_UH deposits_NN2 are_VBR typically_RR loosely_RR packed_VVN and_CC porous_JJ and_CC traditionally_RR in_II UF_NP1 and_CC MF_NP1 systems_NN2 they_PPHS2 are_VBR effectively_RR eliminated_VVN through_II backwashing_VVG ._. 
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<s>
As_II the_AT slope_NN1 (_( k_ZZ1 )_) represented_VVD the_AT produced_JJ biomass_NN1 by_II consuming_VVG per_II unit_NN1 mass_NN1 of_IO ammonium_NN1 nitrogen_NN1 ,_, i._MC e._ZZ1 the_AT conversion_NN1 efficiency_NN1 between_II ammonia_NN1 nitrogen_NN1 and_CC biological_JJ nitrogen_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Therefore_RR ,_, ice_NN1 production_NN1 efficiency_NN1 is_VBZ high_JJ for_IF this_DD1 apparatus_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Most_DAT of_IO the_AT investigations_NN2 informing_VVG the_AT AR5_FO assessment_NN1 were_VBDR quantitative_JJ ,_, but_CCB the_AT development_NN1 of_IO that_DD1 list_NN1 was_VBDZ based_VVN on_II qualitative_JJ assessment_NN1 and_CC included_VVN a_AT1 wide_JJ range_NN1 of_IO sources_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
T9_FO Da*_FO increased_VVN at_II week_NNT1 4_MC but_CCB remained_VVD much_RR lower_JJR than_CSN T7_FO and_CC T8_FO Da*_FO (_( -6.1_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
The_AT CCC_NP1 values_NN2 of_IO Al2O3_FO in_II the_AT case_NN1 of_IO the_AT Na+_FO and_CC Ca2+_FO were_VBDR 20_MC --_JJ 23_MC mM_NNU and_CC 0.66_MC --_JJ 0.99_MC mM_NNU ,_, respectively_RR ._. 
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<s>
As_CSA expected_VVN according_II21 to_II22 the_AT results_NN2 as_CSA seen_VVN above_RL ,_, MnO2/CNT/PTFE-based_JJ cathodes_NN2 outperform_VV0 the_AT cathodes_NN2 based_VVN on_II AB_FO in_II31 terms_II32 of_II33 maximum_JJ power_NN1 when_CS both_DB2 spraying_VVG and_CC mechanical_JJ pressure_NN1 techniques_NN2 are_VBR applied_VVN ._. 
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<s>
In_BCL21 order_BCL22 to_TO address_VVI the_AT thickness_NN1 issue_NN1 ,_, dual_JJ and_CC even_RR triple_JJ layer_NN1 membranes_NN2 have_VH0 been_VBN introduced_VVN ._. 
</s>
<s>
Table_NN1 2_MC shows_VVZ the_AT band_NN1 changes_NN2 when_RRQ the_AT various_JJ lanes_NN2 are_VBR compared_VVN with_IW lanes_NN2 A0_FO and_CC O0_FO ,_, i._MC e._ZZ1 ,_, the_AT initial_JJ microbial_JJ communities_NN2 under_II anaerobic_JJ or_CC aerobic_JJ conditions_NN2 ,_, respectively_RR ._. 
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<s>
Originally_RR ,_, these_DD2 soils_NN2 were_VBDR not_XX suitable_JJ for_IF plants_NN2 growth_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT substituted_JJ bromine_NN1 atom_NN1 possessed_VVD more_DAR effect_NN1 on_II the_AT stereoselectivity_NN1 of_IO Lip2p_FO than_CSN fluorine_JJ and_CC chlorine_NN1 atoms_NN2 due_II21 to_II22 steric_JJ hindrance_NN1 ,_, while_CS the_AT ester_JJR group_NN1 had_VHD a_AT1 slight_JJ effect_NN1 on_II stereoselectivity_NN1 (_( Cancino_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2008_MC ;_; Cambon_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2010_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
Thus_RR ,_, the_AT recovery_NN1 rate_NN1 of_IO phosphate_NN1 could_VM be_VBI improved_VVN ._. 
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<s>
The_AT rate_NN1 of_IO anabranch_NN1 loss_NN1 increased_VVN to_II 1.45_MC km/year_FU in_II this_DD1 period_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
A_AT1 mixed-valence_JJ Fe(II)_JJ phase_NN1 was_VBDZ observed_VVN at_II pH_NN1 12.0_MC and_CC accounted_VVN for_IF 12%_NNU of_IO the_AT total_JJ Fe_NP1 content_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
These_DD2 proteins_NN2 are_VBR used_VVN by_II the_AT bodies_NN2 of_IO animals_NN2 to_TO repair_VVI and_CC build_VVI cells_NN2 or_CC to_TO create_VVI enzymes_NN2 ,_, neurotransmitters_NN2 ,_, DNA_NN1 ,_, and_CC RNA_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
This_DD1 results_VVZ in_II a_AT1 huge_JJ increase_NN1 in_II operational_JJ cost_NN1 as_II31 well_II32 as_II33 high_JJ production_NN1 of_IO excess_JJ sludge_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
In_II this_DD1 purpose_NN1 ,_, an_AT1 agricultural_JJ soil_NN1 was_VBDZ amended_VVN with_IW a_AT1 real_JJ sewage_NN1 sludge_NN1 produced_VVN in_II a_AT1 pilot_NN1 WWTP_NP1 consisting_VVG of_IO a_AT1 primary_JJ clarifier_NN1 ,_, a_AT1 nitrification_NN1 and_CC a_AT1 denitrification_NN1 stage_NN1 ,_, a_AT1 secondary_JJ clarifier_NN1 ,_, followed_VVN by_II an_AT1 anaerobic_JJ digester_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
As_CS31 far_CS32 as_CS33 the_AT reaction_NN1 routes_NN2 are_VBR concerned_JJ ,_, both_RR CO3-_JJ and_CC 3CDOM*_FO can_VM transform_VVI phenols_NN2 into_II the_AT corresponding_JJ phenoxy_JJ radicals_NN2 ,_, with_IW possible_JJ formation_NN1 of_IO dimeric_JJ species_NN or_CC even_RR dibenzofurans_NN2 ,_, which_DDQ may_VM be_VBI of_IO particular_JJ concern_NN1 in_II the_AT case_NN1 of_IO chlorophenols_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
In_RR21 addition_RR22 ,_, one-third_MF of_IO the_AT chemicals_NN2 used_VVN in_II gas_NN1 treatment_NN1 such_II21 as_II22 methanol_NN1 and_CC ethylene_NN1 glycol_NN1 are_VBR present_JJ in_II the_AT water_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Passage_NN1 through_II the_AT column_NN1 enriched_VVD the_AT heavy_JJ REEs_NP1 by_II 10-_NN1 to_II 30-fold_JJ ,_, and_CC the_AT eluate_NN1 contained_VVD only_RR small_JJ amounts_NN2 of_IO other_JJ elements_NN2 (_( e._ZZ1 g._NNU ,_, Al_NP1 ,_, Ca_NP1 ,_, and_CC Fe_FO )_) ,_, even_CS21 though_CS22 they_PPHS2 were_VBDR present_JJ at_II high_JJ concentrations_NN2 in_II the_AT pregnant_JJ solution_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
As_II a_AT1 result_NN1 ,_, based_VVN on_II the_AT remote_JJ sensing_NN1 derived_VVD data_NN from_II the_AT LandScan_JJ Global_JJ Population_NN1 Database_NN1 ,_, this_DD1 paper_NN1 has_VHZ quantified_VVN urban_JJ sprawl_NN1 in_II China_NP1 using_VVG two_MC metrics_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Surveillance_NN1 programs_NN2 for_IF the_AT agricultural_JJ regions_NN2 (_( which_DDQ must_VM be_VBI far_RR enough_RR from_II industrial_JJ regions_NN2 )_) and_CC fertilizer_NN1 uses_VVZ by_II farmers_NN2 can_VM decrease_VVI heavy_JJ metal_NN1 contaminations_NN2 in_II vegetables_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
A_AT1 wide_JJ range_NN1 of_IO aromatic_JJ aldehydes_NN2 ,_, amines_NN2 and_CC alkynes_NN2 were_VBDR employed_VVN to_TO extend_VVI the_AT scope_NN1 of_IO the_AT catalytic_JJ system_NN1 (_( Table_NN1 2_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
Finally_RR ,_, the_AT solutions_NN2 (_( 90Sr_FO +90Y_FO )_) with_IW the_AT liquid_JJ scintillation_NN1 cocktail_NN1 (_( Gold_NN1 Star_NN1 LT2_FO ,_, Meridian_NN1 )_) were_VBDR measured_VVN using_VVG a_AT1 Wallac_NN1 1414_MC Guardian_NN1 LSC_NP1 spectrometer_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
This_DD1 decomposition_NN1 approach_NN1 is_VBZ based_VVN on_II a_AT1 parametric_JJ decomposition_NN1 of_IO spatial_JJ and_CC temporal_JJ variations_NN2 ,_, which_DDQ is_VBZ particularly_RR useful_JJ for_IF irregularly_RR sampled_VVN monitoring_VVG data_NN ._. 
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<s>
The_AT adsorption_NN1 ofinhibitors_NN2 on_II the_AT metal_NN1 surface_NN1 can_VM be_VBI described_VVN by_II the_AT two_MC types_NN2 of_IO interactions_NN2 :_: physical_JJ adsorption_NN1 and_CC chemisorption_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
With_II31 respect_II32 to_II33 the_AT feed_NN1 particle_NN1 shape_NN1 ,_, the_AT shape_NN1 separation_NN1 of_IO fine_JJ particles_NN2 by_II hydrocyclones_NN2 is_VBZ possible_JJ ._. 
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<s>
Finally_RR ,_, the_AT produced_JJ water_NN1 was_VBDZ apt_JJ for_IF irrigation_NN1 or_CC to_TO be_VBI discharged_VVN directly_RR into_II the_AT municipal_JJ wastewater_NN1 system_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Located_VVN in_II eastern_JJ China_NP1 ,_, the_AT Yangtze_NP1 River_NNL1 Delta_NN1 (_( YRD_NP1 )_) region_NN1 ,_, including_II the_AT city_NN1 of_IO Shanghai_NP1 and_CC the_AT provinces_NN2 of_IO Anhui_NP1 ,_, Jiangsu_NP1 and_CC Zhejiang_NN1 is_VBZ one_MC1 of_IO the_AT most_RGT developed_JJ regions_NN2 and_CC a_AT1 hotspot_NN1 of_IO NOx_NN1 emissions_NN2 in_II the_AT country_NN1 (_( Li_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2017_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
The_AT difference_NN1 between_II these_DD2 rates_NN2 of_IO increase_NN1 is_VBZ consistent_JJ with_IW a_AT1 general_JJ decrease_NN1 in_II the_AT tropical_JJ overturning_VVG circulation13_FO ._. 
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<s>
Draining_VVG rice_NN1 fields_NN2 during_II the_AT growing_JJ season_NNT1 may_VM reduce_VVI CH4_FO emissions_NN2 while_CS conserving_VVG water_NN1 and_CC potentially_RR increasing_VVG yields39_FO ._. 
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<s>
RNA-Seq_NP1 library_NN1 sequencing_NN1 was_VBDZ carried_VVN out_RP on_II an_AT1 Illumina_NP1 HiSeq_NP1 4000_MC instrument_NN1 with_IW 50_MC base_NN1 pairs_NN2 (_( bp_NNU )_) based_VVN on_II the_AT cDNA_NN1 library_NN1 of_IO D._NP1 magna_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Combining_VVG real_JJ time_NNT1 Raman_NN1 analysis_NN1 and_CC Raman_NP1 imaging_NN1 ,_, Liao_NP1 et_RA21 al_RA22 ._. 
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<s>
(_( 2017_MC )_) recently_RR proposed_VVN a_AT1 handheld_JJ SRS_NP1 microscope_NN1 with_IW optical_JJ fibre_NN1 laser_NN1 delivery_NN1 that_CST permits_VVZ in_RR21 situ_RR22 and_CC in_RR21 vivo_RR22 chemical_JJ identification_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
This_DD1 is_VBZ because_CS the_AT presence_NN1 of_IO hardness_NN1 cations_NN2 apparently_RR suppresses_VVZ the_AT solubility_NN1 of_IO high_JJ molecular_JJ weight_NN1 fulvic_JJ acids_NN2 (_( Aiken_NP1 and_CC Malcolm_NP1 ,_, 1987_MC ;_; Breault_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 1996_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
As_CSA it_PPH1 can_VM be_VBI seen_VVN in_II Table_NN1 5_MC ,_, concentrations_NN2 of_IO the_AT studied_JJ metals_NN2 are_VBR in_II the_AT level_NN1 mentioned_VVN by_II EPA_NP1 ,_, WHO_NP1 ,_, and_CC PCD_NP1 standards_NN2 and_CC that_DD1 of_IO Fe_NP1 in_II Ardakan_NP1 and_CC Bafgh_NP1 was_VBDZ measured_VVN by_II dilution_NN1 ,_, which_DDQ is_VBZ in_II standard_JJ range_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Under_II the_AT SE_ND1 conditions_NN2 of_IO 1.5_MC MPa_NP1 and_CC 9_MC min_NNU using_VVG 2.0_MC cm_NNU particle_NN1 size_NN1 ,_, glucan_NN1 recovery_NN1 and_CC conversion_NN1 to_II glucose_NN1 by_II enzymes_NN2 were_VBDR 86.2%_FO and_CC 87.2%_FO ,_, respectively_RR ._. 
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<s>
The_AT resulting_JJ NF_NP1 permeate_NN1 ,_, which_DDQ is_VBZ rich_JJ in_II Na_FO and_CC Cl_FO ,_, is_VBZ then_RT sent_VVN to_II an_AT1 SWRO_NN1 unit_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
This_DD1 comparison_NN1 ,_, however_RR ,_, does_VDZ not_XX account_VVI for_IF possible_JJ cases_NN2 where_RRQ humans_NN2 are_VBR observing_VVG changes_NN2 due_II21 to_II22 short-term_JJ (_( for_REX21 example_REX22 ,_, <30_FO years_NNT2 )_) natural_JJ rather_II21 than_II22 long-term_JJ anthropogenic_JJ influences_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Each_DD1 system_NN1 operates_VVZ in_II a_AT1 semi-batch_NN1 mode_NN1 by_II feeding_VVG saline_JJ water_NN1 of_IO an_AT1 initial_JJ salinity_NN1 to_II a_AT1 hot_JJ water_NN1 tank_NN1 (_( cooling_VVG water_NN1 in_II )_) ._. 
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<s>
Concentrations_NN2 of_IO PC_NN1 were_VBDR 1-2_MCMC orders_NN2 of_IO magnitude_NN1 lower_JJR than_CSN those_DD2 of_IO PET_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
SRT_NP1 was_VBDZ set_VVN at_II 30_MC days_NNT2 ._. 
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<s>
Total_JJ n-alkane_JJ concentration_NN1 (_( pg/g_FU dry_JJ weight_NN1 (_( dw_NNU )_) )_) in_II plant_NN1 and_CC soil_NN1 samples_NN2 was_VBDZ calculated_VVN as_II the_AT sum_NN1 of_IO individual_JJ n-alkane_JJ concentrations_NN2 from_II n-C21_NN1 to_II n-C34_NN1 ,_, which_DDQ is_VBZ the_AT range_NN1 (_( n-C21_NN1 to_II n-C35_NN1 )_) of_IO n-alkanes_NN2 typically_RR defined_VVN as_CSA long-chain_JJ n-alkanes_NN2 (_( Hoefs_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2002_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
The_AT produced_JJ PTLs_NP1 were_VBDR used_VVN as_CSA PEM_NP1 electrolyzer_NN1 GDLs_NP1 and_CC were_VBDR electrochemically_RR evaluated_VVN in_II the_AT cell_NN1 designs_NN2 schematized_VVD in_II Fig._NN1 1_MC1 ._. 
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<s>
In_II the_AT later_JJR stage_NN1 ,_, the_AT phthalates_NN2 would_VM be_VBI further_RRR oxidized_VVN into_II smaller_JJR organic_JJ compounds_NN2 ,_, such_II21 as_II22 cyclohexanols_NN2 ,_, alkanoic_JJ acids_NN2 ,_, alkenes_NN2 ,_, alkanes_NN2 ,_, and_CC alcohols_NN2 (_( Step_NN1 9_MC )_) ,_, which_DDQ are_VBR then_RT mineralized_VVN to_II CO2_FO and_CC H2O_FO (_( Step_NN1 10_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
Finally_RR ,_, NF_NP1 clarified_VVD the_AT beverage_NN1 from_II potassium_NN1 and_CC sodium_NN1 that_CST passed_VVD in_II the_AT permeate_JJ stream_NN1 ,_, but_CCB this_DD1 process_NN1 reduce_VV0 the_AT antioxidant_JJ ability_NN1 of_IO the_AT product_NN1 due_II21 to_II22 a_AT1 loss_NN1 of_IO o-diphenols_NN2 in_II the_AT permeate_JJ stream_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Finally_RR ,_, phytoplankton_NN1 can_VM release_VVI variable_NN1 ,_, but_CCB often_RR large_JJ ,_, amounts_NN2 of_IO dissolved_JJ organic_JJ C_ZZ1 to_II the_AT environment_NN1 ,_, thereby_RR altering_VVG the_AT ratio_NN1 of_IO ETRPSII_NN2 to_II retained_JJ fixed_JJ C._NP1 This_DD1 may_VM be_VBI missed_VVN when_CS just_RR the_AT particulate_NN1 fraction_NN1 of_IO C-fixed_NN1 is_VBZ measured_VVN and_CC thus_RR variably_RR influences_NN2 measured_VVD Q_ZZ1 ,_, c_ZZ1 depending_VVG upon_II methodology_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
In_II recent_JJ years_NNT2 we_PPIS2 have_VH0 witnessed_VVN an_AT1 apparent_JJ increase_NN1 in_II the_AT occurrence_NN1 and_CC severity_NN1 of_IO smoke_NN1 events_NN2 at_II Boreal_JJ forest_NN1 latitudes_NN2 and_CC quite_RG plausibly_RR in_II the_AT radiative_JJ impacts_NN2 (_( both_DB2 direct_JJ and_CC indirect_JJ )_) of_IO those_DD2 events_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Dimensions_NN2 of_IO social_JJ inequality_NN1 examined_VVN in_II EJ_NP1 scholarship_NN1 include_VV0 the_AT traditional_JJ indicators_NN2 of_IO race_NN1 and_CC socioeconomic_JJ status_NN1 ,_, as_II31 well_II32 as_II33 age_NN1 ;_; ethnicity_NN1 ;_; education_NN1 ;_; gender_NN1 ;_; immigration_NN1 status_NN1 ;_; language_NN1 ;_; sexual_JJ orientation_NN1 ;_; socio-spatial_JJ factors_NN2 ,_, such_II21 as_II22 rural_JJ and/or_CC urban_JJ geographies_NN2 ;_; and_CC intersections_NN2 among_II these_DD2 characteristics_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Besides_RR ,_, pH_NN1 ,_, moisture_NN1 ,_, bulk_VV0 density_NN1 ,_, organic_JJ matter_NN1 ,_, C/N_ZZ1 and_CC soluble_JJ organic_JJ carbon_NN1 were_VBDR determined_VVN at_II every_AT1 sampling_NN1 time_NNT1 ._. 
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<s>
Following_VVG the_AT deposition_NN1 of_IO one_MC1 complete_JJ bilayer_NN1 ,_, the_AT sample_NN1 was_VBDZ sonicated_VVN for_IF 2_MC min_NNU in_II an_AT1 ultrasonicator_NN1 bath_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
However_RR ,_, the_AT often_RR extensive_JJ particle_NN1 agglomeration_NN1 can_VM result_VVI in_II reduced_JJ nanospecific_JJ effects_NN2 on_II dissolution_NN1 and_CC also_RR an_AT1 increased_JJ uncertainty_NN1 related_VVN to_II the_AT surface_NN1 area_NN1 ,_, a_AT1 parameter_NN1 that_CST largely_RR influence_VV0 the_AT extent_NN1 of_IO dissolution_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
At_II relatively_RR high_JJ Clconcentrations_NN2 (_( 35-600_MCMC mg/L_NNU )_) ,_, microorganism_NN1 inactivation_NN1 by_II the_AT MMO_NN1 anode_NN1 is_VBZ mainly_RR due_II21 to_II22 the_AT electrochemically_RR generated_VVN chlorines_NN2 (_( Sarkka_NP1 et_RA21 al_RA22 ._. 
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<s>
2008_MC ;_; Jeong_NP1 et_RA21 al_RA22 ._. 
</s>
<s>
2009_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
Sterile_JJ control_NN1 experiments_NN2 (_( autoclaved_VVD two_MC times_NNT2 for_IF 15_MC min_NNU at_II 121_MC °_NNU C_ZZ1 )_) were_VBDR used_VVN to_TO distinguish_VVI between_II abiotic_JJ and_CC biotic_JJ reactions_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
In_II one_MC1 of_IO the_AT first_MD such_DA studies_NN2 by_II Kim_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, a_AT1 CFD_NP1 model_NN1 is_VBZ developed_VVN for_IF two_MC different_JJ types_NN2 of_IO helical_JJ anodes_NN2 of_IO a_AT1 tubular_JJ MFC_NP1 reactor_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Therefore_RR ,_, the_AT electrons_NN2 will_VM transfer_VVI from_II the_AT Fermi_NP1 level_NN1 of_IO Ag_FO (_( 0_MC )_) to_II that_DD1 of_IO AgCl_NP1 ,_, until_CS an_AT1 equilibrated_JJ Fermi_NP1 energy_NN1 level_NN1 is_VBZ established_VVN between_II AgCl_NP1 and_CC Ag_FO (_( 0_MC )_) (_( Fig._NN1 6b_FO )_) ._. 
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<s>
Table_NN1 1_MC1 summarizes_VVZ the_AT allowable_JJ concentrations_NN2 limits_VVZ for_IF the_AT selected_JJ heavy_JJ metals_NN2 ,_, as_CSA reported_VVN by_II U._NP1 S._NP1 Environmental_JJ Agency_NN1 (_( U._NP1 S._NP1 EPA_NP1 )_) and_CC World_NN1 Health_NN1 Organization_NN1 (_( WHO_NP1 )_) ._. 
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<s>
What_DDQ kind_NN1 of_IO food_NN1 is_VBZ available_JJ is_VBZ at_RR21 least_RR22 as_RG important_JJ as_CSA how_RGQ much_DA1 food_NN1 is_VBZ available_JJ ._. 
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<s>
Pricing_NN1 and_CC economic_JJ analysis_NN1 appears_VVZ to_TO be_VBI only_RR a_AT1 marginal_JJ topic_NN1 in_II the_AT urban_JJ case_NN1 study_NN1 literature_NN1 ,_, despite_II the_AT importance_NN1 of_IO fuel_NN1 prices_NN2 as_II a_AT1 long-run_JJ determinant_NN1 of_IO urban_JJ form_NN1 and_CC GHG_NP1 emissions4-13_MC ._. 
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<s>
Meanwhile_RR ,_, the_AT formation_NN1 of_IO the_AT fouling_NN1 layer_NN1 and_CC the_AT promoted_JJ horizontal_JJ gene_NN1 transfer_NN1 among_II pathogens_NN2 can_VM not_XX be_VBI avoided_VVN during_II membrane_NN1 separation_NN1 processes_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Lee_NP1 et_RA21 al_RA22 ._. 
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<s>
(_( 2013_MC )_) reported_VVD that_CST BPA_NP1 concentration_NN1 in_II the_AT range_NN1 of0.01-44.65_MC g/L_NNU could_VM be_VBI detected_VVN in_II the_AT river_NN1 near_RL highly_RR industrialized_JJ and_CC urbanized_JJ areas_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Several_DA2 interesting_JJ observations_NN2 can_VM be_VBI made_VVN from_II Fig._NN1 3_MC ._. 
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<s>
For_IF testing_VVG the_AT oxidation_NN1 stability_NN1 of_IO the_AT applied_JJ extraction_NN1 solvent_NN1 ,_, an_AT1 aqueous_JJ solution_NN1 of_IO the_AT HPA-5_MC catalyst_NN1 and_CC the_AT extracting_JJ agent_NN1 was_VBDZ heated_VVN in_II an_AT1 autoclave_NN1 for_IF 72_MC h_ZZ1 at_II 363_MC K_ZZ1 (_( 20_MC bar_NN1 O2_FO ,_, 1000_MC rpm_NNU )_) to_TO mimic_VVI the_AT conditions_NN2 of_IO biomass_NN1 oxidation_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Prior_II21 to_II22 biochar_NN1 production_NN1 ,_, the_AT biomass_NN1 were_VBDR oven-dried_JJ at_II 80_MC °C_NNU for_IF 12_MC h_ZZ1 to_TO get_VVI constant_JJ weight_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
When_CS there_EX are_VBR contradictory_JJ results_NN2 from_II different_JJ researchers_NN2 ,_, both_DB2 results_NN2 are_VBR presented_VVN ._. 
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<s>
Due_II21 to_II22 limited_JJ availability_NN1 of_IO arable_JJ land_NN1 ,_, it_PPH1 is_VBZ necessary_JJ to_TO increase_VVI yield_NN1 per_II unit_NN1 area_NN1 in_BCL21 order_BCL22 to_TO guarantee_VVI food_NN1 safety_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
We_PPIS2 used_VVD this_DD1 criterion_NN1 to_II rate_NN1 the_AT degree_NN1 of_IO changes_NN2 required_VVN in_II current_JJ WFD_NP1 assessment_NN1 schemes_NN2 to_TO account_VVI for_IF the_AT differences_NN2 in_II abundance_NN1 data_NN generated_VVN by_II DNA-based_JJ identification_NN1 methods_NN2 compared_VVN with_IW traditional_JJ identification_NN1 methods_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
As_CSA it_PPH1 is_VBZ known_VVN that_CST ultraviolet_JJ only_RR takes_VVZ 4%_NNU of_IO the_AT incoming_JJ solar_JJ energy_NN1 and_CC visible_JJ light_NN1 is_VBZ 46%_NNU ._. 
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<s>
This_DD1 type_NN1 of_IO bioreactors_NN2 consists_VVZ of_IO a_AT1 cylindrical_JJ vessel_NN1 with_IW one_MC1 or_CC more_DAR impellers_NN2 (_( agitators_NN2 )_) assembled_VVD with_IW an_AT1 external_JJ motor_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Although_CS there_EX are_VBR different_JJ approaches_NN2 to_II studying_VVG vulnerability_NN1 (_( see_VV0 Supplementary_JJ Information_NN1 )_) ,_, three_MC concepts_NN2 are_VBR central_JJ :_: the_AT risk_NN1 of_IO exposure_NN1 to_II a_AT1 disturbance_NN1 ,_, the_AT sensitivity_NN1 of_IO the_AT system_NN1 to_II that_DD1 disturbance_NN1 ,_, and_CC the_AT capacity_NN1 of_IO the_AT system_NN1 to_TO adapt_VVI to_II the_AT disturbance_NN1 in_II such_DA a_AT1 way_NN1 that_CST the_AT negative_JJ effects_NN2 will_VM be_VBI limited5_FO ._. 
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<s>
Taking_VVG a_AT1 pragmatic_JJ approach_NN1 ,_, experts_NN2 from_II an_AT1 international_JJ network_NN1 proposed_VVD a_AT1 set_NN1 of_IO tentative_JJ EBTs_NN2 to_TO integrate_VVI in_JJ21 vitro_JJ22 data_NN into_II a_AT1 water_NN1 quality_NN1 assessment_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT feed_NN1 saline_JJ inlet_NN1 concentration_NN1 has_VHZ a_AT1 moderate_JJ effect_NN1 on_II the_AT performance_NN1 indicators_NN2 as_CSA seen_VVN in_II Fig._NN1 10a_FO and_CC b_ZZ1 ._. 
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<s>
Mohammed_NP1 Shadi_NP1 et_RA21 al_RA22 ._. 
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<s>
reviewed_VVN various_JJ parameters_NN2 of_IO sea_NN1 water_NN1 like_II pH_NN1 ,_, TDS_NN2 and_CC many_DA2 other_JJ parameters_NN2 on_II health_NN1 and_CC how_RRQ they_PPHS2 diminished_VVD by_II the_AT use_NN1 of_IO the_AT different_JJ designs_NN2 of_IO solar_JJ still_RR ._. 
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<s>
Three_MC series_NN of_IO ozonation_NN1 experiments_NN2 were_VBDR conducted_VVN where_CS the_AT transformation_NN1 of_IO tramadol_NN1 (_( TRA_NP1 )_) ,_, furosemide_NN1 (_( FUR_NN1 )_) and_CC niflumic_JJ acid_NN1 (_( NA_FW )_) was_VBDZ investigated_VVN ,_, following_VVG suspect_NN1 and_CC non-target_JJ workflows_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Ambient_JJ temperature_NN1 was_VBDZ constantly_RR controlled_VVN at_II 28_MC ±_FO 0.5_MC °C_NNU and_CC the_AT photoperiod_NN1 was_VBDZ set_VVN as_CSA 14-h_MC light_NN1 :_: 10-h_MC dark_JJ ._. 
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<s>
Particularly_RR ,_, as_CSA these_DD2 SBBRs_NP1 always_RR presented_VVN a_AT1 high_JJ efficiency_NN1 for_IF NH4_FO +_FO -N_JJ oxidation_NN1 (_( Fig._NN1 5a_FO )_) ,_, the_AT accumulation_NN1 of_IO NO2_FO --_NN1 N_ZZ1 and_CC NO3_FO --_NN1 N_ZZ1 at_II high_JJ NH4+-N_FO concentration_NN1 was_VBDZ extremely_RR high_JJ ._. 
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<s>
The_AT Kelvin_NP1 equation_NN1 assumes_VVZ that_CST the_AT surface_NN1 free_JJ energy_NN1 is_VBZ independent_JJ of_IO particle_NN1 size_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Consistently_RR ,_, Elbeshbishy_NP1 and_CC Nakhla_NP1 (_( 2012_MC )_) found_VVD that_DD1 MP_NN1 declined_VVN by_II up_RG21 to_RG22 32%_NNU ,_, as_CSA final_JJ NH4-N_JJ concentration_NN1 increased_VVN from_II 310_MC to_II 720_MC mg/L_NNU ._. 
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<s>
Additionally_RR ,_, a_AT1 new_JJ peak_NN1 at_II 26_MC =_FO 40.2._MC appears_VVZ which_DDQ confirms_VVZ that_CST Fe3+_FO adsorption_NN1 has_VHZ been_VBN successfully_RR carried_VVN out_RP (_( Gupta_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2013_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
The_AT concentration-weighted_JJ mean_NN1 of_IO different_JJ carbon_NN1 chain_NN1 lengths_NN2 ,_, ACLalk_NP1 and_CC ACLfa_NP1 ,_, were_VBDR within_II the_AT range_NN1 of_IO values_NN2 reported_VVN for_CS grass/herbs_FU ,_, shrubs_NN2 and_CC trees_NN2 across_II studies_NN2 (_( Tables_NN2 4a_FO ,_, 4c_FO )_) ._. 
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<s>
Finally_RR ,_, we_PPIS2 validate_VV0 our_APPGE experimental_JJ data_NN with_IW a_AT1 dynamic_JJ CDI_MC model_NN1 and_CC find_VV0 a_AT1 good_JJ correlation_NN1 between_II data_NN and_CC theory_NN1 at_II low_JJ half_NN1 cycle_NN1 times_NNT2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
In_II almost_RR all_DB cases_NN2 ,_, this_DD1 means_VVZ acidifying_VVG the_AT feed_NN1 ,_, as_CSA alkaline_JJ salts_NN2 ,_, the_AT main_JJ component_NN1 of_IO scale_NN1 ,_, become_VV0 drastically_RR more_RGR soluble_JJ at_II acidic_JJ pH_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
However_RR ,_, according_II21 to_II22 Karakulski_NP1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 findings_NN2 ,_, acidification_NN1 of_IO the_AT feed_NN1 failed_VVD to_TO prevent_VVI silica_NN1 scale_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Toluene_NN1 degrading_VVG Georgfuchsia_NP1 toluolica_NN1 was_VBDZ found_VVN to_TO degrade_VVI toluene_NN1 anaerobically_RR (_( Weelink_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2009_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
Possibly_RR ,_, it_PPH1 may_VM first_MD interact_VVI with_IW water-soluble_JJ cues_NN2 like_II ions_NN2 ,_, QS_FO molecules_NN2 and_CC some_DD part_NN1 of_IO soluble_JJ moieties_NN2 of_IO the_AT EPS_NP1 ,_, since_CS it_PPH1 will_VM be_VBI exposed_VVN on_II the_AT biofilm_NN1 surface_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Although_CS ,_, MIONs_NN2 are_VBR recognized_VVN efficient_JJ nano-adsorbent_NN1 for_IF the_AT removal_NN1 of_IO pollutants_NN2 from_II water_NN1 ,_, aggregation_NN1 of_IO hydrophobic_JJ MIONs_NP2 has_VHZ been_VBN suggested_VVN to_TO be_VBI one_MC1 of_IO the_AT factors_NN2 that_CST may_VM affect_VVI adsorption_NN1 reactivity_NN1 of_IO MIONs_NP2 ,_, especially_RR towards_II the_AT removal_NN1 of_IO heavy_JJ metal_NN1 ions_NN2 ._. 
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For_REX21 example_REX22 ,_, on_II an_AT1 urban_JJ scale_NN1 ,_, the_AT mapping_NN1 and_CC understanding_NN1 of_IO the_AT dynamics_NN of_IO built_VVN environment_NN1 stocks_NN2 could_VM provide_VVI an_AT1 urban_JJ sustainability_NN1 indicator_NN1 (_( e._ZZ1 g._NNU ,_, the_AT weight_NN1 of_IO cities_NN2 )_) from_II an_AT1 important_JJ yet_RR often_RR overlooked_VVN stock_NN1 perspective_NN1 and_CC help_VV0 city_NN1 councils_NN2 in_II urban_JJ planning_NN1 ,_, construction_NN1 and_CC demolition_NN1 waste_NN1 management_NN1 ,_, decarbonization_NN1 ,_, and_CC dematerialization_NN1 policy_NN1 setting_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Especially_RR ,_, Aberration-corrected_JJ Scanning_NN1 Transmission_NN1 Electron_NN1 Microscopy_NN1 (_( AC-STEM_NN1 )_) can_VM help_VVI identify_VVI the_AT interfacial_JJ structure_NN1 at_II the_AT atomic_JJ level_NN1 ,_, especially_RR for_IF the_AT identification_NN1 of_IO single_JJ atom_NN1 catalysts_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Once_CS the_AT patient_NN1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 data_NN is_VBZ stored_VVN in_II system_NN1 through_II application_NN1 software_NN1 then_RT it_PPH1 is_VBZ backed_VVN up_RP immediately_RR to_II the_AT cloud_NN1 on_II availability_NN1 of_IO Internet_NP1 connection_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Chemical_JJ monitoring_NN1 of_IO environmental_JJ media_NN can_VM often_RR be_VBI directly_RR used_VVN in_II estimating_VVG exposures_NN2 ,_, e._ZZ1 g._NNU for_IF aquatic_JJ organisms_NN2 ._. 
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Bulk_VV0 vertical_JJ wind_NN1 shear_VV0 was_VBDZ calculated_VVN between_II 850_MC hPa_NN1 (_( 1,500_MC m_NNO ASL_NP1 )_) and_CC 475_MC hPa_NN1 (_( 6,000_MC m_NNO ASL_NP1 )_) ._. 
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Among_II many_DA2 catalytically_RR active_JJ metals_NN2 ,_, iron_NN1 is_VBZ of_IO special_JJ interest_NN1 to_II researchers_NN2 because_II21 of_II22 its_APPGE ubiquitous_JJ presence_NN1 in_II the_AT aquatic_JJ environment3,4_FO and_CC its_APPGE distinct_JJ chemistry_NN1 that_CST includes_VVZ facile_JJ cycling_NN1 between_II Fe(ll)_NP1 and_CC Fe(lll)_NP1 valence_NN1 states_VVZ within_II ecologically_RR important_JJ redox_NN1 conditions_NN2 ,_, strong_JJ afiinity_NN1 for_IF oxygen-containing_JJ ligands_NN2 and_CC mineral_NN1 surfaces_NN2 ,_, and_CC the_AT presence_NN1 of_IO an_AT1 atomic_JJ exchange_NN1 mechanism_NN1 enabling_VVG efficient_JJ material_NN1 exchange_NN1 across_II the_AT solid/water_NN1 interface_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
According_II21 to_II22 the_AT TPB_NP1 framework_NN1 ,_, individual_JJ behaviour_NN1 towards_II FW_NP1 was_VBDZ modelled_VVN by_II reference_NN1 to_II the_AT PLS_NP2 --_JJ SEM_NN1 statistical_JJ approach_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Deep_JJ percolation_NN1 was_VBDZ not_XX considered_VVN because_CS precipitation_NN1 and_CC the_AT irrigation_NN1 water_NN1 amounts_NN2 in_II31 excess_II32 of_II33 the_AT field_NN1 capacity_NN1 were_VBDR not_XX determined_VVN when_CS considering_VVG existing_JJ soil_NN1 water_NN1 contents_NN2 before_II each_DD1 irrigation_NN1 or_CC precipitation_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
At_II pH_NN1 value_NN1 higher_JJR than_CSN point_NN1 of_IO zero_NN1 charge_NN1 (_( pHPZC_NNU )_) ,_, the_AT adsorption_NN1 of_IO cations_NN2 is_VBZ higher_JJR due_II21 to_II22 electrostatic_JJ interactions_NN2 between_II the_AT cation_NN1 ions_NN2 and_CC negative_JJ surface_NN1 charge_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
In_RR21 addition_RR22 ,_, EC_NP1 and_CC OC_NP1 are_VBR included_VVN in_II the_AT unassigned_JJ fraction_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
This_DD1 model_NN1 can_VM only_RR be_VBI used_VVN for_IF estimating_VVG household_NN1 CBF_NP1 because_CS the_AT business_NN1 capital_NN1 expenditure_NN1 and_CC government_NN1 consumption_NN1 parts_NN2 are_VBR missing_VVG when_RRQ there_EX is_VBZ no_AT city-scale_JJ input_NN1 --_NN1 output_NN1 table_NN1 or_CC survey_NN1 data_NN ._. 
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<s>
The_AT standard_JJ deviations_NN2 between_II the_AT experimental_JJ and_CC simulated_JJ concentrations_NN2 of_IO TN_NP1 and_CC Spo4_FO are_VBR shown_VVN in_II Table_NN1 6_MC ._. 
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<s>
In_BCL21 order_BCL22 to_TO minimize_VVI the_AT effects_NN2 of_IO air_NN1 and_CC moisture_NN1 exposure_NN1 ,_, the_AT cleaned_JJ electrodes_NN2 were_VBDR kept_VVN in_II the_AT glovebox_NN1 all_DB the_AT way_NN1 up_RG21 to_RG22 the_AT time_NNT1 of_IO analysis_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Higher_JJR H2_FO and_CC CH4_FO yields_NN2 of_IO 0.064_MC and_CC 0.464_MC L/gCOD_FU were_VBDR achieved_VVN ,_, as_CSA compared_VVN to_II total_JJ biogas_NN2 yield_NN1 of_IO 0.062_MC L/gCOD_FU from_II ethylene_NN1 oxide_NN1 wastewater_NN1 (_( note_VV0 that_CST MEG_NP1 is_VBZ the_AT main_JJ contaminant_NN1 )_) (_( Schonberg_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 1997_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
Plasticizers_NN2 such_II21 as_II22 phthalates_NN2 and_CC adipates_NN2 are_VBR used_VVN in_II a_AT1 wide_JJ range_NN1 of_IO products_NN2 including_II building_NN1 materials_NN2 (_( e._ZZ1 g._NNU vinyl_NN1 flooring_NN1 )_) ;_; in_II this_DD1 housing_NN1 complex_NN1 ,_, levels_NN2 of_IO two_MC plasticizers_NN2 ,_, bis(2-ethylhexyl)_JJ phthalate_NN1 (_( DEHP_NP1 )_) and_CC bis(2-ethylhexyl)_JJ adipate_NN1 (_( DEHA_NP1 )_) ,_, increased_VVD significantly_RR with_IW occupancy_NN1 (_( Table_NN1 S2_FO )_) ._. 
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<s>
There_EX were_VBDR four_MC parts_NN2 in_II the_AT experimental_JJ setup_NN1 ,_, including_II a_AT1 sine_NN1 wave_NN1 generator_NN1 (_( WA-9867_MC ,_, Pasco_NP1 ,_, CA_NP1 )_) ,_, a_AT1 mechanical_JJ wave_NN1 driver_NN1 (_( SF-9324_MC ,_, Pasco_NP1 ,_, CA_NP1 )_) ,_, a_AT1 vibration_NN1 stage_NN1 ,_, and_CC a_AT1 Plexiglas_NP2 filter_NN1 holder_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
This_DD1 work_NN1 was_VBDZ supported_VVN by_II the_AT National_JJ Natural_JJ Science_NN1 Foundation_NN1 of_IO China_NP1 under_II Grant_NP1 <_FO No.51176043_FO ,_, No.91434134_FO ,_, No.51421063>_FO ._. 
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<s>
Other_JJ authors_NN2 have_VH0 already_RR shown_VVN that_CST the_AT higher_JJR pKa_NN1 of_IO phosphoric_JJ acid_NN1 ,_, compared_VVN to_II that_DD1 of_IO sulfuric_JJ acid_NN1 ,_, generates_VVZ lower_JJR sugar_NN1 losses_NN2 to_II dehydration_NN1 by-products_NN2 and_CC optimal_JJ pretreatment_NN1 conditions_NN2 at_II lower_JJR severities_NN2 (_( Aguiar_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2013_MC ;_; Geddes_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2011_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
High_JJ scores_NN2 were_VBDR assigned_VVN to_II studies_NN2 freezing_VVG their_APPGE samples_NN2 shortly_RR after_II capture_NN1 at_II -20_MC °C_NNU or_CC storing_VVG them_PPHO2 on_II ice_NN1 ,_, leaving_VVG any_DD further_JJR handling_NN1 until_CS the_AT laboratory_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Bacilli_NN2 (_( Firmicutes_NP1 )_) were_VBDR the_AT most_RGT frequently_RR isolated_JJ group_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
In_II the_AT case_NN1 that_CST there_EX are_VBR no_AT direct_JJ health-based_NN1 or_CC statistically_RR derived_VVN reference_NN1 values_NN2 ,_, alternative_JJ routes_NN2 will_VM be_VBI explored_VVN ,_, such_II21 as_II22 a_AT1 QSAR_NN1 approach_NN1 and_CC internal_JJ dosimetry_NN1 modelling_VVG through_II PBTK_NP1 models_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Different_JJ variable_NN1 structures_NN2 can_VM also_RR be_VBI obtained_VVN by_II using_VVG a_AT1 controlled_JJ preparation_NN1 method_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT estimated_JJ daily_JJ intake_NN1 (_( EDI_NP1 )_) of_IO PIs_NN2 by_II an_AT1 infant_NN1 can_VM be_VBI calculated_VVN from_II where_RRQ C_ZZ1 is_VBZ the_AT concentration_NN1 of_IO the_AT target_NN1 chemical_NN1 and_CC MIR_NP1 is_VBZ the_AT milk_NN1 ingestion_NN1 rate_NN1 (_( mL/kg_NNU bw/day_FU )_) ._. 
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<s>
The_AT key_JJ points_NN2 and_CC codes_NN2 from_II the_AT interview_NN1 transcripts_NN2 for_IF Companies_NN2 A_ZZ1 ,_, B_ZZ1 ,_, C_ZZ1 ,_, D_ZZ1 &;_NULL E_ZZ1 are_VBR shown_VVN in_II Table_NN1 2_MC ._. 
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<s>
The_AT SLPa_NP1 Indexccs_NP2 (_( t_ZZ1 )_) captures_VVZ the_AT fraction_NN1 of_IO tropically_RR forced_JJ variability_NN1 of_IO the_AT atmospheric_JJ pattern_NN1 responsible_JJ for_IF the_AT winter_NNT1 2014/15_MF SSTa_NN1 along_II the_AT North_NP1 American_JJ coastal_JJ boundary_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Through_II infrared_JJ spectra_NN2 analysis_NN1 ,_, the_AT band_NN1 at_II wave_NN1 length_NN1 of_IO 2919_MC cm-1_MC1 is_VBZ attribute_NN1 for_IF C-H_NN1 bending_VVG vibrations_NN2 for_IF CTAMB-Bent_NN1 compared_VVN to_II the_AT bending_NN1 vibrations_NN2 at_II 1477_MC cm-1_MC1 for_IF CTAB-Mt_NP1 ._. 
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<s>
Through_II alcoholic_JJ treatment_NN1 ,_, hydrophilic_JJ membranes_NN2 can_VM be_VBI made_VVN into_II hydrophobic_JJ ones_NN2 hence_RR ,_, enhancing_VVG the_AT membrane_NN1 surface_NN1 for_IF such_DA an_AT1 application_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Overall_JJ membrane_NN1 separation_NN1 basically_RR depends_VVZ on_II three_MC basic_JJ principles_NN2 :_: adsorption_NN1 ,_, sieving_VVG and_CC electrostatic_JJ phenomenon_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
To_TO investigate_VVI the_AT polysulphide_NN1 shuttle_NN1 phenomenon_NN1 during_II the_AT charge-discharge_JJ process_NN1 ,_, analyses_NN2 of_IO cycled_VVN batteries_NN2 were_VBDR conducted_VVN using_VVG SEM_NN1 imaging_NN1 and_CC EDS_NN2 mapping_VVG ._. 
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<s>
The_AT results_NN2 show_VV0 that_CST the_AT presence_NN1 of_IO grit_NN1 in_II the_AT mixed_JJ liquor_NN1 displayed_VVD no_AT significant_JJ influence_NN1 on_II the_AT removal_NN1 of_IO chemical_JJ oxygen_NN1 demand_NN1 ,_, nitrogenous_JJ species_NN and_CC phosphorous_JJ ._. 
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<s>
With_IW the_AT large_JJ number_NN1 of_IO chemicals_NN2 in_II use_NN1 ,_, there_EX is_VBZ an_AT1 intractably_RR large_JJ number_NN1 of_IO possible_JJ combined_JJ exposures_NN2 to_II multiple_JJ chemicals_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Three_MC pilot-scale_JJ biofilters_NN2 were_VBDR established_VVN at_II the_AT South_ND1 Caboolture_NN1 Water_NN1 Reclamation_NN1 Plant_NN1 ,_, Australia_NP1 ,_, to_TO treat_VVI water_NN1 from_II the_AT primary_JJ stream_NN1 of_IO the_AT reclamation_NN1 plant_NN1 (_( Farre_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2011_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
This_DD1 is_VBZ perhaps_RR a_AT1 surprising_JJ result_NN1 ,_, given_CS21 that_CS22 trends_NN2 of_IO increased_JJ oSC_NN1 and_CC lower_JJR volatility_NN1 (_( so_RG likely_RR higher_JJR Xelvoc+lvoc_FO )_) have_VH0 been_VBN observed_VVN ;_; 57_MC however_RR ,_, our_APPGE study_NN1 was_VBDZ not_XX systematic_JJ ,_, and_CC changes_NN2 in_II SOA_NP1 characteristics_NN2 other_II21 than_II22 OSc_NP1 (_( e._ZZ1 g._NNU ,_, molecular_JJ weight_NN1 )_) may_VM be_VBI primarily_RR driving_VVG this_DD1 trend_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Also_RR ,_, this_DD1 work_NN1 was_VBDZ partly_RR financed_VVN by_II Henkel_NP1 Professorship_NN1 of_IO Tongji_JJ University_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT evidence_NN1 clearly_RR revealed_VVN that_CST the_AT main_JJ cause_NN1 is_VBZ the_AT external_JJ factors_NN2 that_CST influence_VV0 the_AT adoption_NN1 of_IO the_AT product_NN1 returns_VVZ management_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Many_DA2 researchers_NN2 have_VH0 adopted_VVN various_JJ techniques_NN2 to_TO remove_VVI antibiotics_NN2 ,_, including_II traditional_JJ treatment_NN1 ,_, advanced_JJ oxidation_NN1 ,_, membrane_NN1 technology_NN1 ,_, adsorption_NN1 ,_, etc_RA ._. 
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<s>
In_II this_DD1 paper_NN1 ,_, TiB2-TiC_NP1 composites_NN2 as_CSA raw_JJ materials_NN2 for_IF metal_NN1 titanium_NN1 (_( Ti_NP1 )_) were_VBDR used_VVN to_TO fabricate_VVI three-dimensional_JJ (_( 3D_NNU )_) porous_JJ TiB2-TiC/TiO2_NN1 heterostructures_VVZ with_IW various_JJ morphological_JJ features_NN2 through_II a_AT1 facile_JJ hydrothermal_JJ oxidation_NN1 route_NN1 without_IW any_DD additional_JJ Ti_JJ source_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Most_DAT plants_NN2 can_VM not_XX grow_VVI on_II ultramafic_JJ soils_NN2 ,_, leaving_VVG distinctive_JJ suites_NN2 of_IO ex-tremophytes_NN2 to_TO occupy_VVI ultramafic_JJ habitats_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Another_DD1 study_NN1 ,_, led_VVN by_II Girones_NP1 et_RA21 al_RA22 ._. 
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<s>
(_( 2014_MC )_) ,_, compared_VVD chlorine_NN1 resistance_NN1 of_IO HEV_VH0 G1_FO to_II that_DD1 of_IO Human_JJ Adenovirus_NN1 2_MC (_( HAdV2_FO )_) ._. 
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<s>
The_AT environmental_JJ cost_NN1 of_IO carbon_NN1 pollution_NN1 ,_, as_CSA CH4_FO combustion_NN1 byproduct_NN1 ,_, was_VBDZ calculated_VVN based_VVN on_II 2.74_MC kgCOz/kgC%_NN1 (_( Annamalai_NP1 and_CC Puri_NP1 ,_, 2006_MC )_) and_CC about_II 80$/ton_FU CO2_FO (_( Wagner_NP1 and_CC Weitzman_NP1 ,_, 2015_MC )_) ._. 
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As_CSA can_VM be_VBI seen_VVN in_II Fig._NN1 13_MC ,_, a_AT1 clear_JJ difference_NN1 in_II the_AT number_NN1 of_IO live_JJ and_CC dead_JJ cells_NN2 on_II the_AT membrane_NN1 surface_NN1 were_VBDR found_VVN when_CS comparing_VVG initial_JJ membrane_NN1 sample_NN1 and_CC modified_JJ membranes_NN2 (_( the_AT live_JJ bacteria_NN2 are_VBR shown_VVN in_II green_JJ colour_NN1 ,_, while_CS the_AT dead_JJ bacteria_NN2 are_VBR red_JJ )_) ._. 
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<s>
It_PPH1 is_VBZ important_JJ to_TO note_VVI however_RR that_CST the_AT biosolids_NN2 applied_VVD to_TO land_VVI ,_, both_RR in_II the_AT BAU_NN1 and_CC AcoD_NP1 systems_NN2 ,_, have_VH0 heavy_JJ metal_NN1 concentrations_NN2 below_II the_AT maximum_JJ allowable_JJ levels_NN2 deemed_VVN safe_JJ for_IF land_NN1 application_NN1 (_( EPA_NP1 NSW_NP1 ,_, 2000_MC ;_; EPA_NP1 Victoria_NP1 ,_, 2004_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
The_AT abundance_NN1 presence_NN1 of_IO BPA_NN1 in_II water_NN1 treatment_NN1 plant_NN1 is_VBZ a_AT1 major_JJ concern_NN1 among_II public_JJ as_CSA conventional_JJ water_NN1 treatment_NN1 process_NN1 is_VBZ not_XX designed_VVN to_TO remove_VVI emerging_JJ micropollutants_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Further_RRR ,_, more_DAR work_NN1 identifying_VVG the_AT species_NN and_CC sources_NN2 that_CST drive_VV0 the_AT health-relevant_JJ OPDTT_NN1 and_CC OPSGLSFH_NN1 assays_NN2 (_( especially_RR OPSGLSFH_NN1 as_CSA less_DAR work_NN1 has_VHZ focused_VVN on_II compositional_JJ impacts_NN2 on_II this_DD1 assay_NN1 )_) would_VM be_VBI valuable_JJ ._. 
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<s>
Pyrite_NN1 concentrate_VV0 is_VBZ reclaimed_VVN from_II the_AT stockpiles_NN2 at_II a_AT1 nominal_JJ rate_NN1 of_IO 245_MC t/day_FU using_VVG high-pressure_JJ monitor_NN1 guns_NN2 and_CC is_VBZ then_RT pumped_VVN to_II the_AT process_NN1 plant_NN1 for_IF the_AT production_NN1 of_IO cobalt_NN1 ,_, copper_NN1 ,_, nickel_NN1 ,_, and_CC zinc_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Similar_JJ to_II TiO2_FO ,_, it_PPH1 is_VBZ easy_JJ to_TO functionalize_VVI SiO2_FO by_II fluorine-containing_JJ agents_NN2 due_II21 to_II22 its_APPGE abundant_JJ hydroxyl_NN1 groups_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
This_DD1 stretchable_JJ metal_NN1 electrode_NN1 associated_VVN with_IW a_AT1 gel_NN1 electrolyte_NN1 and_CC a_AT1 rippled_JJ air_NN1 electrode_NN1 enabled_VVD good_JJ stretchability_NN1 of_IO the_AT battery_NN1 ,_, which_DDQ could_VM maintain_VVI the_AT discharge_NN1 voltage_NN1 plateau_NN1 with_IW a_AT1 strain_NN1 up_RG21 to_RG22 100%_NNU ._. 
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<s>
Aside_RL the_AT affinities_NN2 of_IO the_AT individual_JJ ligands_NN2 ,_, the_AT nature_NN1 of_IO the_AT environment_NN1 in_II which_DDQ they_PPHS2 find_VV0 themselves_PPX2 can_VM not_XX be_VBI ignored_VVN ._. 
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<s>
This_DD1 decrease_NN1 was_VBDZ further_RRR reinforced_VVN by_II a_AT1 decrease_NN1 in_II emission_NN1 transfers_NN2 for_IF the_AT construction_NN1 consumed_VVN in_II Zhejiang_NP1 and_CC partly_RR offset_VVN by_II an_AT1 increase_NN1 in_II emission_NN1 transfers_NN2 for_IF the_AT construction_NN1 consumed_VVN in_II Guangdong_NP1 ._. 
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<s>
Some_DD studies_NN2 then_RT perform_VV0 additional_JJ analyses_NN2 to_TO model_VVI the_AT diffusion_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 pollutant_NN1 based_VVN on_II the_AT consumption_NN1 footprint_NN1 ._. 
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So_RR ,_, a_AT1 cross-validation_NN1 (_( Yaghini_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2013_MC )_) is_VBZ needed_VVN to_TO prevent_VVI over-training_VVG the_AT network_NN1 by_II dividing_VVG the_AT dataset_NN1 for_IF calibration_NN1 and_CC validation_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT water-soluble_JJ Cu_FO and_CC Zn_NP1 concentrations_NN2 decreased_VVD gradually_RR from_II 115.11_MC to_II 59.99_MC mg_NNU kg_NNU 1_MC1 at_II the_AT beginning_NN1 (_( C1_FO )_) to_II 31.37_MC and_CC 21.95_MC mg_NNU kg-1_MC1 ,_, respectively_RR ,_, at_II the_AT end_NN1 of_IO composting_VVG at_II 84_MC days_NNT2 (_( C3_FO )_) ._. 
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<s>
Rice_NN1 husk_NN1 and_CC oil_NN1 palm_NN1 empty_JJ fruit_NN bunches_NN2 biochars_NN2 were_VBDR produced_VVN under_II a_AT1 constant_JJ flow_NN1 of_IO nitrogen_NN1 gas_NN1 within_II a_AT1 range_NN1 of_IO pyrolysis_NN1 variables_NN2 (_( temperature_NN1 ,_, heating_NN1 rate_NN1 ,_, and_CC retention_NN1 time_NNT1 )_) ._. 
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As_II a_AT1 result_NN1 of_IO the_AT economic_JJ conditions_NN2 on_II developing_JJ countries_NN2 ,_, it_PPH1 is_VBZ important_JJ to_TO guarantee_VVI a_AT1 suitable_JJ economic_JJ performance_NN1 for_IF easing_VVG the_AT transition_NN1 from_II centralized_JJ plants_NN2 to_II distributed_JJ energy_NN1 systems_NN2 ._. 
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However_RR ,_, statistical_JJ analyses_NN2 showed_VVD a_AT1 significant_JJ difference_NN1 between_II the_AT precipitates_NN2 and_CC the_AT supernatants_NN2 for_IF both_DB2 A199Hg_FO and_CC A201Hg_FO (_( Wilcoxon_NP1 signed_VVD rank_JJ test_NN1 ;_; a_ZZ1 =_FO 0.05_MC ;_; A199Hgp-value_NN1 =_FO 0.0006_MC ;_; A201Hg_FO p-value_NN1 =_FO 0.0002_MC )_) ,_, whereas_CS no_AT significant_JJ difference_NN1 was_VBDZ observed_VVN for_IF A200Hg_FO (_( -value_NN1 =_FO 0.581_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
The_AT test_NN1 stopped_VVN when_CS the_AT saturation_NN1 was_VBDZ achieved_VVN or_CC the_AT samples_NN2 were_VBDR getting_VVG degraded_JJ ._. 
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<s>
These_DD2 results_NN2 provide_VV0 important_JJ technical_JJ basis_NN1 for_IF a_AT1 large-scale_JJ procedure_NN1 of_IO GO_VV0 and_CC the_AT desalination_NN1 of_IO charged_JJ colloid_JJ dispersions_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
SMP_NP1 and_CC EPS_NP1 were_VBDR considered_VVN the_AT main_JJ contributors_NN2 to_II membrane_NN1 fouling_VVG in_II various_JJ MBRs_NP1 and_CC DMBRs_NP1 (_( Yue_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2015_MC ;_; Kunacheva_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2017_MC ;_; Saleem_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2016_MC )_) ;_; thus_RR ,_, more_DAR attention_NN1 was_VBDZ paid_VVN to_II the_AT properties_NN2 of_IO these_DD2 biopolymers_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
A_AT1 proper_JJ model_NN1 is_VBZ important_JJ for_IF the_AT accurate_JJ prediction_NN1 of_IO the_AT mass_JJ transfer_NN1 of_IO gaseous_JJ components_NN2 through_II porous_JJ media_NN ._. 
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<s>
Before_CS the_AT analyses_NN2 of_IO soluble_JJ chemical_JJ oxygen_NN1 demand_NN1 (_( SCOD_NP1 )_) ,_, soluble_JJ proteins_NN2 ,_, polysaccharides_NN2 ,_, molecule_NN1 weight_NN1 distribution_NN1 and_CC VFAs_NN2 ,_, the_AT sludge_NN1 samples_NN2 were_VBDR centrifuged_VVN at_II 6000_MC rpm_NNU for_IF 15_MC min_NNU ._. 
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<s>
From_II HRTEM_NP1 image_NN1 (_( Fig._NN1 33A_FO )_) ,_, white_JJ TiO2_FO is_VBZ completely_RR crystalline_JJ with_IW well-defined_JJ lattice_NN1 fringes_NN2 and_CC the_AT lattice_NN1 fringe_NN1 distance_NN1 was_VBDZ found_VVN to_TO be_VBI 3.536_MC A_ZZ1 which_DDQ is_VBZ characteristic_JJ of_IO anatase_NN1 phase_NN1 and_CC is_VBZ uniform_JJ throughout_II the_AT nanocrystals_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Performance_NN1 is_VBZ calculated_VVN on_II the_AT basis_NN1 of_IO cumulative_JJ UVA_NN1 radiation_NN1 (_( Figure_NN1 S2_FO )_) and_CC the_AT response_NN1 of_IO microorganisms_NN2 to_II UVA_NP1 reported_VVD in_II the_AT literature_NN1 (_( Table_NN1 S1_FO )_) by_II employing_JJ eqs_NN2 S3_FO and_CC S4_FO ._. 
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<s>
Results_NN2 of_IO the_AT experimental_JJ design_NN1 for_IF the_AT distilled_JJ and_CC residue_NN1 streams_NN2 are_VBR shown_VVN in_II Table_NN1 3_MC ._. 
</s>
<s>
Our_APPGE limited_JJ knowledge_NN1 on_II understanding_VVG the_AT effects_NN2 of_IO NFWs_NP1 on_II downstream_JJ nutrientbased_JJ water_NN1 quality_NN1 directly_RR stems_VVZ from_II scientific_JJ challenges_NN2 that_CST can_VM be_VBI binned_VVN into_II three_MC primary_JJ categories_NN2 :_: mapping_NN1 ,_, measuring_VVG ,_, and_CC modeling_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
However_RR ,_, when_CS other_JJ conditions_NN2 were_VBDR kept_VVN constant_JJ ,_, the_AT changes_NN2 of_IO T4_FO were_VBDR very_RG light_JJ ,_, as_CSA observed_VVN in_II Table_NN1 2_MC ._. 
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<s>
Indeed_RR ,_, the_AT direct_JJ incorporation_NN1 of_IO Cl_FO as_CSA suggested_VVN by_II Baycan_NN1 et_RA21 al_RA22 ._. 
</s>
<s>
(_( 2007_MC )_) should_VM form_VVI more_DAR X-OBPs_NN2 at_II lower_JJR Cl_FO concentrations_NN2 as_CSA scavenging_JJ of_IO Cl_FO ,_, by_II Clis_NP1 then_RT limited_VVN ._. 
</s>
<s>
Particle_NN1 Image_NN1 Velocimetry_NN1 (_( PIV_NP1 )_) is_VBZ a_AT1 quantitative_JJ method_NN1 for_IF measuring_VVG velocity_NN1 fields_NN2 instantaneously_RR in_II experimental_JJ fluid_NN1 mechanics_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT residues_NN2 were_VBDR extracted_VVN with_IW 10_MC mL_NNU extraction_NN1 solvent_NN1 once_RR21 more_RR22 and_CC the_AT procedure_NN1 was_VBDZ repeated_VVN twice_RR ._. 
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<s>
In_RR21 short_RR22 ,_, this_DD1 is_VBZ counter-evidence_NN1 to_II the_AT notion_NN1 that_CST the_AT observed_JJ winter_NNT1 cooling_VVG over_II CNA_NP1 from_II 2001-2002_MCMC to_II 2013-2014_MCMC was_VBDZ a_AT1 remote_JJ response_NN1 to_II decadal_JJ changes_NN2 in_II the_AT tropical_JJ Pacific_NP1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Studies_NN2 show_VV0 the_AT potential_NN1 of_IO constellations_NN2 of_IO satellite_NN1 pairs_NN2 for_IF improving_VVG the_AT temporal-and_CC spatial-resolution_JJ limitations_NN2 associated_VVN with_IW the_AT single_JJ pair_NN missions122,123_FO ._. 
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<s>
In_II 2009_MC ,_, global_JJ desalination_NN1 capacity_NN1 grew_VVD to_II approximately_RR 50_MC million_NNO m3_FO per_II day_NNT1 ,_, and_CC is_VBZ predicted_VVN to_TO increase_VVI to_II 95_MC million_NNO m3_FO per_II day_NNT1 by_II 2015_MC ._. 
</s>
<s>
A_AT1 significant_JJ number_NN1 of_IO the_AT newly_RR identified_VVN PFASs_NN1 in_II AFFFs_NN2 and_CC commercial_JJ surfactants_NN2 are_VBR cationic_JJ and_CC zwitterionic_JJ compounds_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Usually_RR ,_, the_AT hydrophilic_JJ surface_NN1 modification_NN1 is_VBZ very_RG effective_JJ to_TO improve_VVI the_AT fouling_NN1 resistance_NN1 to_II organic_JJ matters_NN2 and_CC proteins_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Furthermore_RR ,_, its_APPGE functional_JJ groups_NN2 would_VM provide_VVI a_AT1 large_JJ negative_JJ zeta_NN1 potential_NN1 ,_, which_DDQ may_VM further_RRR inhibit_VVI the_AT attachment_NN1 of_IO biofoulants_NN2 on_II the_AT membrane_NN1 surface_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
For_REX21 instance_REX22 ,_, ZOPFR_VV0 levels_NN2 are_VBR similar_JJ to_II ZPBDE_NP1 levels_NN2 in_II house_NN1 dust_NN1 standard_NN1 reference_NN1 material_NN1 (_( SRM_NP1 2585_MC ;_; 5000_MC ng/g_FU )_) ,_, which_DDQ was_VBDZ prepared_VVN from_II hundreds_NNO2 of_IO vacuum_NN1 cleaner_NN1 bags_NN2 collected_VVN in_II several_DA2 U._NP1 S._NP1 states_VVZ in_II the_AT mid-1990s_MC2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Here_RL ,_, y_ZZ1 measures_VVZ the_AT degree_NN1 of_IO overdispersion_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Recently_RR ,_, residuals_NN2 of_IO plastic_NN1 materials_NN2 have_VH0 been_VBN increasingly_RR detected_VVN in_II aquatic_JJ environments_NN2 ,_, including_II oceans_NN2 ,_, seas_NN2 and_CC freshwater_JJ bodies_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT different_JJ information_NN1 derived_VVN from_II studies_NN2 in_II different_JJ countries_NN2 indicates_VVZ that_CST it_PPH1 is_VBZ worthwhile_JJ to_TO investigate_VVI microplastics_NN2 in_II wastewater_NN1 from_II areas_NN2 with_IW different_JJ economic_JJ levels_NN2 and_CC different_JJ living_JJ habits_NN2 in_II future_NN1 to_TO fully_RR evaluate_VVI their_APPGE occurrence_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
According_II21 to_II22 &lsqb;_( 51_MC &rsqb;_) ,_, the_AT productivity_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 tilted-wick_JJ type_NN1 solar_NN1 still_RR increased_VVN by_II 20-50%_FO compared_VVN with_IW basin_NN1 types_NN2 ,_, i._MC e._ZZ1 ,_, the_AT average_JJ tilted-wick_NN1 still_RR had_VHN a_AT1 higher_JJR efficiency_NN1 than_CSN the_AT basin_NN1 type_NN1 ,_, which_DDQ is_VBZ especially_RR attractive_JJ for_IF increased_JJ distillation_NN1 performance_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
In_II this_DD1 context_NN1 ,_, Fontana_NP1 et_RA21 al_RA22 ._. 
</s>
<s>
(_( 2016_MC )_) developed_VVD theoretical_JJ and_CC experimental_JJ analyses_NN2 for_IF the_AT operation_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 prototype_NN1 for_IF hydropower_NN1 generation_NN1 in_II WDNs_NP1 ._. 
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<s>
Secondly_RR ,_, it_PPH1 did_VDD not_XX produce_VVI substances_NN2 which_DDQ could_VM corrode_VVI the_AT electrode_NN1 material_NN1 and_CC the_AT current_JJ collector_NN1 ,_, accordingly_RR the_AT extended_JJ cycle_NN1 life_NN1 and_CC the_AT low_JJ cost_NN1 for_IF the_AT batteries_NN2 were_VBDR obtained_VVN ._. 
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<s>
For_IF the_AT principal_JJ component_NN1 analysis_NN1 (_( PCA_NP1 )_) ,_, all_DB data_NN were_VBDR first_MD unit-variance_NN1 scaled_VVN and_CC mean_VV0 centered_JJ ._. 
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<s>
Previous_JJ research_NN1 has_VHZ reported_VVN that_CST O2-_JJ --_NN1 could_VM react_VVI with_IW OH_UH radicals_NN2 to_TO generate_VVI singlet_NN1 oxygen_NN1 (_( 1O2_FO )_) via_II reaction_NN1 (_( 14_MC )_) ,_, and_CC it_PPH1 could_VM also_RR react_VVI with_IW HO2-_JJ radicals_NN2 to_TO form_VVI the_AT 1O2_FO via_II reaction_NN1 (_( 15_MC )_) ;_; and_CC the_AT recombination_NN1 of_IO the_AT HO2-_JJ radicals_NN2 would_VM also_RR lead_VVI to_II the_AT generation_NN1 of_IO the_AT 1O2_FO ,_, as_CSA shown_VVN in_II reaction_NN1 (_( 16_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Changes_NN2 in_II surface_NN1 roughness_NN1 were_VBDR found_VVN to_TO be_VBI negligible_JJ ,_, suggesting_VVG little_RR physical_JJ change_NN1 in_II the_AT surface_NN1 profile_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
In_II this_DD1 work_NN1 ,_, we_PPIS2 consider_VV0 that_CST one_MC1 SPP_NP1 unit_NN1 produces_VVZ only_RR one_MC1 salt_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT resultant_JJ material_NN1 had_VHD a_AT1 BET_NN1 surface_NN1 area_NN1 of_IO 37.03_MC m2/g_FU ,_, which_DDQ decreased_VVD to_II 28.10_MC m2/g_FU after_II adsorption_NN1 oftetracycline_NN1 owing_II21 to_II22 the_AT sorption_NN1 of_IO tetracycline_NN1 residuals_NN2 on_II the_AT surface_NN1 of_IO the_AT NiFe_NP1 nanoparticles_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Obviously_RR ,_, at_II higher_JJR In_II content_NN1 ,_, the_AT decrease_NN1 in_II crystallite_NN1 size_NN1 is_VBZ significant_JJ ._. 
</s>
<s>
Both_DB2 the_AT models_NN2 and_CC advanced_JJ techniques_NN2 have_VH0 largely_RR advanced_VVN our_APPGE knowledge_NN1 on_II the_AT behavior_NN1 of_IO heavy_JJ metals_NN2 in_II mineral-organo_JJ composite_JJ systems_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT digested_JJ solutions_NN2 of_IO samples_NN2 were_VBDR deacidified_VVN at_II 115_MC °C_NNU and_CC reduced_VVN to_II a_AT1 volume_NN1 of_IO 0.5_MC ml_NNU for_IF the_AT next_MD analysis_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
A_AT1 robust_JJ pretreatment_NN1 system_NN1 is_VBZ designed_VVN to_TO handle_VVI a_AT1 range_NN1 of_IO particulate_NN1 loading_VVG through_II the_AT use_NN1 of_IO multiple_JJ stages_NN2 of_IO filtration_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT life-stage_NN1 of_IO the_AT decapod_NN1 species_NN Brachyurans_NN2 ,_, was_VBDZ shown_VVN to_TO influence_VVI the_AT size_NN1 of_IO plastics_NN2 ingested_VVD ._. 
</s>
<s>
In_RR21 addition_RR22 ,_, the_AT use_NN1 of_IO antibiotics_NN2 in_II aquaculture_NN1 is_VBZ very_RG common_JJ ,_, and_CC antibiotics_NN2 administered_VVN to_II fishes_NN2 in_II the_AT ponds_NN2 may_VM be_VBI a_AT1 potential_JJ source_NN1 (_( Gracia-Lor_NP1 et_RA21 al_RA22 ._. 
</s>
<s>
2017_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Fracking_VVG emissions_NN2 of_IO ethane_NN1 and_CC propane_NN1 are_VBR typically_RR lower_JJR for_IF the_AT D-J_NN1 Basin_NN1 than_CSN for_IF the_AT Piceance_NP1 Basin_NN1 ;_; pentane_NN1 ERs_NP2 are_VBR more_RGR comparable_JJ (_( Figure_NN1 4_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Zambia_NP1 is_VBZ a_AT1 sub-Saharan_JJ country_NN1 located_VVN in_II southern_JJ Africa_NP1 between_II latitudes_NN2 8°S_NNU and_CC 18°S_NNU and_CC longitudes_NN2 22°E_FO to_II 34°E_FO (_( Fig._NN1 1_MC1 )_) ._. 
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<s>
The_AT results_NN2 of_IO our_APPGE case-control_JJ study_NN1 (_( i_ZZ1 )_) suggest_VV0 that_CST prenatal_JJ exposure_NN1 to_II pesticides_NN2 interferes_VVZ with_IW the_AT development_NN1 of_IO the_AT male_JJ genitalia_NN1 ,_, and_CC (_( ii_MC )_) emphasize_VV0 the_AT importance_NN1 of_IO preventing_VVG pregnant_JJ women_NN2 from_II being_VBG exposed_VVN to_II EDCs_NN2 in_RR21 general_RR22 and_CC pesticides_NN2 in_RR21 particular_RR22 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Some_DD key_JJ organic_JJ components_NN2 are_VBR identified_VVN to_TO be_VBI carbonyl_NN1 species_NN after_II derivatization_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Concentrations_NN2 of_IO arsenic_NN1 from_II 18_MC 700_MC domestic_JJ wells_NN2 and_CC other_JJ ancillary_JJ data_NN ,_, such_II21 as_II22 latitude_NN1 and_CC longitude_NN1 were_VBDR obtained_VVN from_II the_AT USGS_NP2 National_JJ Water_NN1 Information_NN1 System_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
However_RR ,_, the_AT intensity_NN1 is_VBZ lower_JJR than_CSN that_DD1 of_IO the_AT pristine_JJ ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT mean_JJ DAver_NP1 ,_, S_ZZ1 of_IO 44_MC nm_FU together_RL with_IW the_AT PC/DC_NN1 ratio_NN1 of_IO 0.05_MC ng_NNU mm-2_MC similar_JJ to_II that_DD1 reported_VVD for_IF frying_VVG fatty_JJ food_NN1 observed_VVN while_CS walking_VVG along_RP sidewalks_NN2 suggest_VV0 a_AT1 major_JJ influence_NN1 of_IO particles_NN2 originated_VVN from_II cooking_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
In_II other_JJ words_NN2 ,_, he_PPHS1 is_VBZ describing_VVG how_RRQ these_DD2 social-ecological_JJ factors_NN2 impact_VV0 the_AT community_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Beko_NP1 et_RA21 al_RA22 ._. 
</s>
<s>
(_( 2013_MC )_) estimated_VVD indoor_JJ exposure_NN1 to_II five_MC phthalates_NN2 and_CC found_VVD a_AT1 very_RG low_JJ (_( <_FO 1%_NNU )_) contribution_NN1 of_IO dermal_JJ exposure_NN1 to_TO dust_VVI ,_, in_II comparison_NN1 to_II other_JJ pathways_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Further_RRR ,_, the_AT decrease_NN1 of_IO the_AT crystal_NN1 size_NN1 in_II the_AT presence_NN1 of_IO AEC-5_MC results_NN2 from_II AEC-5_MC adsorption_NN1 on_II the_AT growing_JJ CaSO4_FO crystal_NN1 faces_NN2 leading_VVG to_II interfacial_JJ crystal-solution_JJ energy_NN1 reduction_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
In_II a_AT1 study_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 HSSF-CW_NN1 ,_, the_AT ARGs_NN2 of_IO tetM_NN1 ,_, tetO_NN1 ,_, tetQ_VV0 ,_, tetW_VV0 ,_, sulI_NN2 ,_, sulII_NN2 ,_, intI1_FO ,_, and_CC 16S_MC2 rDNA_NN1 genes_NN2 were_VBDR examined_VVN ,_, showing_VVG that_DD1 compared_VVN with_IW UV_JJ disinfection_NN1 and_CC biological_JJ aerated_JJ filter_NN1 processes_NN2 in_II municipal_JJ WWTPs_NP1 ,_, the_AT CW_NP1 could_VM reach_VVI 1-3_MCMC orders_NN2 of_IO magnitude_NN1 of_IO reduction_NN1 in_II ARGs_NN2 and_CC performed_VVD the_AT best_RRT among_II these_DD2 advanced_JJ treatment_NN1 systems_NN2 (_( Chen_NP1 and_CC Zhang_NP1 ,_, 2013_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
This_DD1 result_NN1 is_VBZ consistent_JJ with_IW previous_JJ studies_NN2 in_II which_DDQ citrate-coated_JJ AgNPs_NN2 had_VHD a_AT1 higher_JJR dissolution_NN1 rate_NN1 than_CSN PVP-coated_JJ AgNPs_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
SEM_NP1 images_NN2 revealed_VVD dense_JJ microbial_JJ biofilms_NN2 within_II the_AT bioelectrode_NN1 with_IW macroscale_NN1 pores_NN2 that_CST were_VBDR not_XX clogged_VVN by_II the_AT microbial_JJ growth_NN1 after_II 1_MC1 year_NNT1 of_IO operation_NN1 (_( Scheme_NN1 2J_FO and_CC Fig._NN1 13F_RA )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Natural_JJ organic_JJ matter_NN1 (_( NOM_NP1 )_) is_VBZ ubiquitous_JJ in_II the_AT environment_NN1 ,_, which_DDQ might_VM also_RR affect_VVI the_AT reactivity_NN1 of_IO reactive_JJ oxygen_NN1 species_NN ._. 
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<s>
Furthermore_RR ,_, insertion_NN1 of_IO graphite_NN1 electrodes_VVZ as_II the_AT terminal_JJ electron_NN1 acceptor_NN1 into_II the_AT sediments_NN2 collected_VVN from_II the_AT petroleum-contaminated_JJ sites_NN2 enhanced_JJ degradation_NN1 of_IO benzene_NN1 and_CC toluene_NN1 in_II the_AT contaminated_JJ sediments_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
On_II the_AT basis_NN1 of_IO the_AT above_JJ control_NN1 experiments_NN2 and_CC catalytic_JJ principle_NN1 of_IO the_AT reaction_NN1 ,_, the_AT possible_JJ reaction_NN1 mechanism_NN1 for_IF the_AT oxidative_JJ condensation_NN1 of_IO 1_MC1 with_IW n-propanol_NN1 is_VBZ presented_VVN in_II Scheme_NN1 2_MC ._. 
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<s>
The_AT 1H_FO NMR_NP1 spectrum_NN1 is_VBZ shown_VVN in_II Fig_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
S3_FO (_( ESI_NP1 )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT corresponding_JJ DOC_NN1 reductions_NN2 of_IO acidic_JJ fractions_NN2 were_VBDR 82.9%_FO (_( HPO-A_NP1 )_) and_CC 65.5%_FO (_( TPI-A_NP1 )_) ,_, followed_VVN by_II the_AT neutral_JJ fractions_NN2 (_( 49.3%_FO and_CC 55.6%_FO for_IF HPO-N_JJ and_CC TPI-N_JJ ,_, respectively_RR )_) during_II the_AT 60_MC days_NNT2 of_IO VF_NP1 system_NN1 operation_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
It_PPH1 is_VBZ important_JJ to_TO note_VVI that_CST only_RR the_AT trends_NN2 in_II SI_FW variation_NN1 with_IW changing_JJ system_NN1 parameters_NN2 are_VBR being_VBG compared_VVN with_IW the_AT reported_JJ experimental_JJ fouling_NN1 data_NN ._. 
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<s>
To_TO overcome_VVI this_DD1 drawback_NN1 ,_, various_JJ nanocomposite_NN1 membranes_NN2 are_VBR being_VBG tailored_VVN to_TO impart_VVI certain_JJ properties_NN2 such_II21 as_II22 hydrophilicity_NN1 ,_, anti-fouling_JJ ,_, self-cleaning_NN1 ,_, photo-catalytic_JJ ,_, and_CC photodegradation_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT enhanced_JJ catalytic_JJ performance_NN1 was_VBDZ attributed_VVN to_II the_AT active_JJ sites_NN2 generated_VVN by_II the_AT introduced_JJ pyridinic_JJ and_CC pyrrolic_JJ N_ZZ1 atoms_NN2 and_CC thiophenic_JJ S_ZZ1 atoms_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
However_RR ,_, only_RR Nauges_NP2 and_CC Van_NP1 den_NP1 Berg_NP1 (_( 2008_MC )_) focused_VVD on_II the_AT market_NN1 structure_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT generation_NN1 of_IO estrogen-HA_UH cross-coupling_JJ products_NN2 alters_VVZ the_AT product_NN1 distribution_NN1 ,_, transformation_NN1 pathway_NN1 ,_, and_CC ecotoxicity_NN1 of_IO estrogens_NN2 (_( Dou_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2018_MC ;_; Gao_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2018_MC ;_; Li_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2013_MC ;_; Luo_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2018_MC ;_; Varga_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2019_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
Results_NN2 showed_VVD that_CST the_AT effect_NN1 of_IO alkali_NN1 treatment_NN1 on_II the_AT accessibility_NN1 of_IO carbon_NN1 source_NN1 was_VBDZ obvious_JJ ,_, the_AT COD_NN release_VV0 capacity_NN1 of_IO the_AT three_MC carriers_NN2 increased_VVN from_II 136-178_MCMC mg_NNU g-1_FO to_II 250-323_MCMC mg_NNU g-1_FO ,_, and_CC the_AT denitrification_NN1 potential_NN1 increased_VVN from_II 112.04-157.94_MCMC mgg-1_MC1 to_II 233.82-250.69_MCMC mg_NNU g-1_FO as_CSA compared_VVN with_IW the_AT untreated_JJ groups_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT permeate_JJ water_NN1 vapor_NN1 was_VBDZ withdrawn_VVN by_II a_AT1 peristaltic_JJ pump_NN1 on_II the_AT permeate_JJ side_NN1 with_IW vacuum_NN1 pressure_NN1 around_II --_NN1 95_MC ±_FO 1_MC1 kPa_NN1 ,_, and_CC collected_VVN in_II the_AT beaker_NN1 on_II the_AT balance_NN1 after_II condensing_VVG ._. 
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<s>
A_AT1 dedicated_JJ effort_NN1 to_TO synthesize_VVI existing_JJ scientific_JJ knowledge_NN1 across_II disciplines_NN2 is_VBZ underway_RR and_CC aims_VVZ to_TO provide_VVI a_AT1 better_JJR understanding_NN1 of_IO the_AT combined_JJ risks_NN2 posed_VVD ._. 
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<s>
Polymer_NN1 applications_NN2 generally_RR block_VV0 the_AT exchange_NN1 nature_NN1 of_IO sandstone_NN1 materials_NN2 with_IW the_AT surrounding_JJ environment_NN1 ,_, making_VVG entrapment_NN1 of_IO water_NN1 and_CC salting_VVG effects_NN2 possible_JJ ._. 
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<s>
The_AT authors_NN2 declare_VV0 no_AT competing_JJ financial_JJ interests_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
However_RR ,_, 3D_NNU particles_NN2 formed_VVN of_IO hcp_NNU metals_NN2 can_VM not_XX grow_VVI in_II a_AT1 quasi-isotropic_JJ fashion_NN1 such_II21 as_II22 a_AT1 fcc_NNU metal_NN1 ;_; they_PPHS2 rather_RR form_VV0 hexagonal_JJ disks_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT obtained_VVN sample_NN1 was_VBDZ filtered_VVN and_CC washed_VVN with_IW water_NN1 till_II complete_JJ removal_NN1 of_IO chloride_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
These_DD2 processes_NN2 therefore_RR depend_VV0 on_II ,_, and_CC can_VM influence_VVI ,_, the_AT composition_NN1 of_IO DOM_NP1 ,_, which_DDQ ,_, in_II turn_NN1 ,_, is_VBZ influenced_VVN by_II catchment_NN1 land_NN1 cover_NN1 (_( e._ZZ1 g._NNU ,_, forest_NN1 ,_, mire_VV0 ,_, or_CC agriculture_NN1 )_) ,_, climate_NN1 ,_, and_CC water_NN1 residence_NN1 times_NNT2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
These_DD2 indicators_NN2 reflect_VV0 the_AT impact_NN1 of_IO complex_JJ exposure_NN1 patterns_NN2 in_II an_AT1 integrative_JJ manner_NN1 ,_, both_RR over_II space_NN1 and_CC time_NNT1 ._. 
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<s>
An_AT1 alternative_NN1 CDI_MC cell_NN1 architecture_NN1 is_VBZ the_AT flow-through_JJ electrode_NN1 (_( FTE_NP1 )_) architecture_NN1 ,_, where_CS the_AT feedwater_NN1 flows_VVZ directly_RR through_II electrode_NN1 macropores_VVZ rather_II21 than_II22 between_II the_AT electrodes_NN2 (_( see_VV0 Fig._NN1 1a_FO )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Scanning_VVG electron_NN1 microscopes_NN2 (_( SEM_NP1 )_) or_CC transmission_NN1 electron_NN1 microscopes_NN2 (_( TEM_NP1 )_) are_VBR widely_RR used_VVN to_TO directly_RR image_VVI the_AT surface_NN1 morphology_NN1 and_CC cross-sections_NN2 of_IO the_AT membranes_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Some_DD of_IO not_XX fully_RR evaporated_JJ saline_JJ droplets_NN2 may_VM suspend_VVI on_II the_AT heater_NN1 surface_NN1 and_CC then_RT evaporate_VV0 later_RRR and_CC others_NN2 go_VV0 down_RP ._. 
</s>
<s>
Table_NN1 B.13_FO lists_VVZ the_AT results_NN2 of_IO various_JJ quantile_JJ values_NN2 and_CC acceptable_JJ error_NN1 windows_NN2 for_IF each_DD1 LC_NP1 condition_NN1 and_CC dataset_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Also_RR ,_, regions_NN2 where_RRQ large_JJ temperature_NN1 fluctuations_NN2 occur_VV0 ,_, effectiveness_NN1 of_IO mesophilic_JJ degraders_NN2 is_VBZ affected_VVN ,_, thus_RR cold-adapted_JJ microorganisms_NN2 which_DDQ have_VH0 a_AT1 broad_JJ temperature_NN1 tolerance_NN1 range_NN1 could_VM improve_VVI biodegradation_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT experimental_JJ work_NN1 is_VBZ reviewed_VVN so_BCL21 as_BCL22 to_TO reveal_VVI the_AT mechanisms_NN2 of_IO bubble-particle_JJ detachment_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
This_DD1 strategy_NN1 allows_VVZ mitigating_VVG the_AT energy_NN1 losses_NN2 due_II21 to_II22 the_AT transmission_NN1 ,_, flexibility_NN1 in_II the_AT use_NN1 of_IO renewable_JJ energy_NN1 resources_NN2 ,_, energy_NN1 autonomy_NN1 and_CC self-supporting_JJ of_IO the_AT end_NN1 users_NN2 (_( Figure_NN1 2_MC )_) ,_, increasing_VVG the_AT efficiency_NN1 in_II the_AT use_NN1 of_IO fossil_NN1 fuels_NN2 ,_, and_CC consequently_RR ,_, reducing_VVG the_AT environmental_JJ impact_NN1 associated_VVN with_IW electricity_NN1 generation_NN1 (_( Figure_NN1 3_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
These_DD2 results_NN2 suggest_VV0 that_DD1 chitosan_NN1 was_VBDZ successfully_RR coated_VVN on_II nZVI_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
It_PPH1 has_VHZ been_VBN shown_VVN that_CST the_AT bio-sorption_NN1 of_IO NDMA_NN1 precursors_NN2 in_II activated_JJ sludge_NN1 biomass_NN1 occurs_VVZ rapidly_RR (_( Liao_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2015a_FO ;_; Zhang_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2016_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Black_JJ TiO2nanomaterials_FO are_VBR also_RR considered_VVN as_CSA potential_JJ candidates_NN2 for_IF electrode_NN1 material_NN1 for_IF Li_NP1 ion_NN1 batteries_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Additionally_RR ,_, an_AT1 evaluative_JJ bibliometric_JJ analysis_NN1 was_VBDZ conducted_VVN on_II peer-reviewed_JJ journal_NN1 articles_NN2 published_VVN in_II English_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
XRD_NP1 analysis_NN1 ,_, as_CSA shown_VVN in_II Fig._NN1 8_MC also_RR confirmed_VVD the_AT presence_NN1 of_IO nepheline_NN1 and_CC calcium_NN1 based_VVN products_NN2 CSH_NP1 and_CC CASH_NN1 with_IW relatively_RR higher_JJR intensities_NN2 in_II comparison_NN1 to_II mixture_NN1 with_IW 10%_NNU RHA_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
It_PPH1 was_VBDZ shown_VVN that_CST modified_VVD with_IW heparin_NN1 or_CC the_AT quaternary_JJ ammonium_NN1 membranes_NN2 became_VVD much_RR more_RGR hydrophilic_JJ ,_, with_IW a_AT1 water_NN1 contact_NN1 angle_NN1 for_CS CS/CA-H_FU at_II 42.3°_FO and_CC that_CST for_CS CS/CA-QN_FU at_II 39.8_MC ,_, comparing_VVG with_IW 69.6°_FO for_IF the_AT base_NN1 CS/CA_FU membrane_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Mature_VV0 R1_FO granules_NN2 in_II fact_NN1 settled_VVN with_IW a_AT1 velocity_NN1 of_IO 85_MC ±_FO 5_MC m_ZZ1 h_ZZ1 1_MC1 ,_, while_CS in_II R2_FO 70_MC ±_FO 5_MC m_ZZ1 h_ZZ1 1_MC1 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT MTT_NP1 assay_NN1 method_NN1 was_VBDZ used_VVN to_TO access_VVI the_AT cytotoxicity_NN1 of_IO HPA-S100-Ac_NP1 stabilized_VVD AuNCs_NP2 ._. 
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<s>
Second_MD ,_, the_AT above_JJ lower_JJR resource_NN1 endowment_NN1 level_NN1 is_VBZ accompanied_VVN by_II the_AT not_XX less_DAR than_CSN level_JJ 4_MC strengths_NN2 of_IO environmental_JJ regulation_NN1 factors_NN2 or_CC technology_NN1 introduction_NN1 factors_NN2 ,_, which_DDQ does_VDZ as_II an_AT1 important_JJ feature_NN1 that_CST make_VV0 the_AT western_JJ region_NN1 different_JJ from_II the_AT eastern_JJ and_CC central_JJ ,_, supported_VVN by_II the_AT 81.08%_FO and_CC 86.49%_FO of_IO rules_NN2 on_II superior_JJ structure_NN1 and_CC efficiency_NN1 transformations_NN2 respectively_RR ._. 
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<s>
Urban_JJ disease_NN1 associations_NN2 and_CC risk_NN1 factors_NN2 are_VBR shown_VVN in_II Fig._NN1 2_MC and_CC additional_JJ details_NN2 of_IO the_AT disease_NN1 and_CC discussion_NN1 of_IO the_AT caveats_NN2 surrounding_VVG urban_JJ association_NN1 is_VBZ provided_VVN in_II the_AT Supplementary_JJ Materials_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Normalization_NN1 was_VBDZ performed_VVN by_II determining_VVG the_AT ratio_NN1 of_IO the_AT category_NN1 indicator_NN1 result_NN1 and_CC that_DD1 of_IO a_AT1 reference_NN1 based_VVN on_II the_AT European_JJ level_NN1 with_IW updates_NN2 of_IO the_AT most_RGT relevant_JJ emissions_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Fig.10_FO shows_VVZ the_AT vaporization_NN1 rate_NN1 of_IO droplets_NN2 for_IF initial_JJ sizes_NN2 of_IO 20_MC pm_RA and_CC 200_MC pm_RA when_CS the_AT flame_NN1 wave_NN1 propagated_VVN to_II 5_MC m_NNU of_IO the_AT pipe_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
To_TO address_VVI these_DD2 challenges_NN2 ,_, recent_JJ efforts_NN2 involve_VV0 alloying_VVG Pd_NP1 membranes_NN2 with_IW other_JJ metals_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
When_CS sulfide_NN1 oxidation_NN1 occurs_VVZ ,_, in_II31 addition_II32 to_II33 Fe(III)_JJ reduction_NN1 ,_, the_AT same_DA overall_JJ reaction_NN1 will_VM produce_VVI Fe(II)_NN1 without_IW any_DD apparent_JJ sulfate_NN1 reduction_NN1 (_( eqs_VVZ 6_MC and_CC 7_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
Like_II PEN_NP1 G_NP1 ,_, the_AT degradation_NN1 of_IO AMX_NP1 began_VVD with_IW the_AT hydrolysis_NN1 of_IO the_AT fi-lactam_JJ ring_NN1 ,_, which_DDQ was_VBDZ then_RT further_RRR converted_VVN to_II other_JJ intermediates_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
However_RR ,_, if_CS forced_VVN to_TO recover_VVI more_DAR water_NN1 to_TO increase_VVI efficiency_NN1 ,_, the_AT flow_NN1 rate_NN1 of_IO makeup_NN1 water_NN1 (_( equal_JJ to_II water_NN1 production_NN1 )_) may_VM become_VVI greater_JJR than_CSN the_AT flow_NN1 rate_NN1 of_IO rejected_JJ brine_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT histological_JJ appearance_NN1 of_IO the_AT tissues_NN2 was_VBDZ comparable_JJ to_II that_DD1 of_IO reference_NN1 fish_NN and_CC to_II Lake_NN1 260_MC fish_NN prior_II21 to_II22 the_AT experimental_JJ manipulation_NN1 (_( Figure_NN1 2A_FO )_) ,_, indicating_VVG tissue-level_JJ recovery_NN1 three_MC years_NNT2 after_II cessation_NN1 of_IO EE2_FO additions_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT Vergina_NP1 samples_NN2 are_VBR overall_RR poorer_JJR in_II Fe_NP1 and_CC Al_NP1 ,_, about_II average_NN1 in_II Mg_NNU content_NN1 and_CC on_II the_AT high_JJ end_NN1 of_IO Si_FW content_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
A_AT1 synergistic_JJ relationship_NN1 has_VHZ been_VBN suggested_VVN between_II temperature_NN1 and_CC residence_NN1 time_NNT1 (_( Carey_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2012_MC ;_; Taranu_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2012_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
The_AT samples_NN2 were_VBDR visualized_VVN with_IW a_AT1 Scanning_NN1 Electron_NN1 Microscope_NN1 (_( SEM_NP1 )_) ._. 
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<s>
Therefore_RR ,_, it_PPH1 is_VBZ not_XX surprising_JJ to_TO see_VVI different_JJ removal_NN1 capacity_NN1 of_IO contaminants_NN2 by_II different_JJ SFNPs_NP1 depending_II21 on_II22 their_APPGE surface_NN1 modification_NN1 ,_, their_APPGE type_NN1 ,_, particle_NN1 size_NN1 and_CC conditions_NN2 under_II which_DDQ the_AT experiments_NN2 are_VBR conducted_VVN ._. 
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<s>
In_II31 spite_II32 of_II33 substantial_JJ road_NN1 and_CC sea_NN1 transport_NN1 distance_NN1 ,_, regions_NN2 from_II western_JJ and_CC central_JJ Brazil_NP1 are_VBR selected_VVN ,_, owing_II21 to_II22 their_APPGE combination_NN1 of_IO low_JJ carbon_NN1 intensity_NN1 of_IO their_APPGE electricity_NN1 and_CC high_JJ biomass_NN1 yield_NN1 ,_, which_DDQ highlights_VVZ the_AT strong_JJ trade-offs_NN2 between_II transport_NN1 and_CC other_JJ supply_NN1 chain_NN1 parameters_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
We_PPIS2 thank_VV0 Dr._NNB Konrad_NP1 Muller_NP1 (_( TROPOS_NP2 )_) for_IF his_APPGE contribution_NN1 to_II size-segregated_JJ particulate_NN1 compositions_NN2 measurements_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
As_CSA photocatalytic_JJ materials_NN2 ,_, layered_JJ double_JJ hydroxides_NN2 (_( LDHs_NP1 )_) have_VH0 drawn_VVN much_DA1 attention_NN1 in_II the_AT environmental_JJ waste_NN1 treatment_NN1 and_CC energy_NN1 investigation_NN1 for_IF its_APPGE excellent_JJ properties_NN2 ,_, such_II21 as_II22 special_JJ layered_JJ structure_NN1 ,_, adjustable_JJ forbidden_JJ band_NN1 gap_NN1 ,_, high_JJ anion_NN1 exchange_NN1 capacity_NN1 ,_, high_JJ light_JJ absorption_NN1 range_NN1 ,_, easy_JJ to_TO be_VBI synthesized_VVN ,_, low_JJ costs_NN2 and_CC good_JJ recyclable_JJ properties_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT Supporting_JJ Information_NN1 is_VBZ available_JJ free_JJ of_IO charge_NN1 on_II the_AT ACS_NN2 Publications_NN2 website_NN1 at_II DOI_NP1 :_: ._. 
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<s>
As_II a_AT1 result_NN1 ,_, a_AT1 "_" research_NN1 boom_NN1 "_" has_VHZ been_VBN observed_VVN in_II various_JJ aspects_NN2 of_IO MD_NN1 since_CS the_AT last_MD one_MC1 decade_NNT1 or_CC so_RR ._. 
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<s>
The_AT much_RR higher_JJR solubility_NN1 of_IO carbon_NN1 dioxide_NN1 than_CSN methane_NN1 in_II water_NN1 is_VBZ reason_NN1 of_IO this_DD1 selection_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Precipitates_NN2 designated_VVN for_IF spectroscopic_JJ analyses_NN2 were_VBDR synthesized_VVN in_II parallel_NN1 in_II larger_JJR volumes_NN2 under_II otherwise_RR identical_JJ conditions_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
As_II the_AT exact_JJ substance_NN1 the_AT AC_NN1 absorbs_VVZ can_VM not_XX be_VBI accurately_RR modeled_VVN ,_, this_DD1 was_VBDZ not_XX included_VVN in_II the_AT study_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
In_II31 spite_II32 of_II33 the_AT high_JJ cost_NN1 ,_, noble_JJ metal_NN1 catalysts_NN2 have_VH0 drawn_VVN attention_NN1 due_II21 to_II22 their_APPGE superior_JJ coking_JJ resistance_NN1 ,_, higher_JJR stability_NN1 ,_, and_CC activity_NN1 especially_RR for_IF higher_JJR temperature_NN1 applications_NN2 (_( >750_FO °C_NNU )_) ._. 
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<s>
This_DD1 indoor_JJ aggregate_JJ multimedia_NN and_CC pathway_NN1 exposure_NN1 assessment_NN1 considered_VVD a_AT1 wide_JJ range_NN1 of_IO pollutants_NN2 ,_, across_II a_AT1 broad_JJ population_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Thus_RR ,_, RSM_NP1 based_VVN on_II CCD_NP1 has_VHZ been_VBN applied_VVN for_IF the_AT identification_NN1 and_CC optimization_NN1 of_IO the_AT Fe3+_FO ions_NN2 adsorption_NN1 by_II the_AT synthesized_JJ nanocomposite_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT chamber_NN1 was_VBDZ then_RT sealed_VVN and_CC left_JJ unopened_JJ for_IF 10_MC days_NNT2 ._. 
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<s>
Benzimidazole_NN1 fungicides_NN2 inhibit_VV0 microtubule_NN1 assembly_NN1 in_II fungal_JJ mitosis_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Methods_NN2 ,_, including_II statements_NN2 of_IO data_NN availability_NN1 and_CC any_DD associated_JJ accession_NN1 codes_NN2 and_CC references_NN2 ,_, are_VBR available_JJ in_II the_AT online_JJ version_NN1 of_IO this_DD1 paper_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
These_DD2 challenges_NN2 include_VV0 :_: (_( i_ZZ1 )_) the_AT establishment_NN1 of_IO advanced_JJ time-resolved_JJ methodologies_NN2 to_TO monitor_VVI NZVI_JJ transformations_NN2 ,_, (_( ii_MC )_) the_AT evaluation_NN1 of_IO the_AT contribution_NN1 of_IO passivation_NN1 byproducts_VVZ to_II sequential_JJ contaminant_JJ removal_NN1 ,_, (_( iii_MC )_) the_AT investigation_NN1 of_IO microbial_JJ populations_NN2 promoted_VVN by_II the_AT passivation_NN1 byproducts_VVZ after_II soil_NN1 and_CC groundwater_NN1 remediation_NN1 and_CC (_( iv_MC )_) the_AT development_NN1 of_IO novel_NN1 and_CC efficient_JJ depassivation_NN1 strategies_NN2 during_II and_CC after_CS NZVI_JJ application_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Cation_NN1 exchange_NN1 membranes_NN2 (_( CEM_NP1 )_) would_VM block_VVI the_AT anions_NN2 and_CC anion_NN1 exchange_NN1 membranes_NN2 (_( AEM_NP1 )_) would_VM block_VVI the_AT cations_NN2 ,_, creating_VVG the_AT flow_NN1 of_IO separate_JJ diluent_JJ and_CC concentrate_VV0 ._. 
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<s>
In_II some_DD cases_NN2 ,_, the_AT original_JJ data_NN were_VBDR presented_VVN as_II an_AT1 average_NN1 across_II multiple_JJ sites_NN2 ;_; in_II these_DD2 cases_NN2 ,_, GPS_NN2 (_( Global_JJ Positioning_NN1 System_NN1 )_) coordinates_NN2 of_IO the_AT coastal_JJ middle_JJ point_NN1 were_VBDR used_VVN ._. 
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<s>
One_MC1 Health_NN1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 approach_NN1 to_II collaboration_NN1 appears_VVZ to_TO be_VBI less_RGR clearly_RR defined_VVN than_CSN in_II EcoHealth_NP1 ._. 
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<s>
Rootmean-square_JJ velocity_NN1 fluctuations_NN2 as_CSA shown_VVN on_II Fig._NN1 3(b)_FO also_RR tend_VV0 to_TO agree_VVI well_RR with_IW the_AT DNS_NP2 results_NN2 ,_, albeit_CS with_IW a_AT1 slight_JJ underprediction_NN1 of_IO the_AT radial_JJ and_CC tangential_JJ components_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
They_PPHS2 allow_VV0 adaptive_JJ variations_NN2 of_IO DO_VD0 controls_NN2 based_VVN on_II the_AT effluent_NN1 ammonia_NN1 levels_NN2 ,_, and_CC so_RR allow_VV0 the_AT adjustment_NN1 of_IO the_AT DO_VD0 set_VVI point_NN1 to_II the_AT actually_RR required_JJ value_NN1 to_TO meet_VVI the_AT effluent_NN1 limit_NN1 ,_, thus_RR curbing_VVG excess_JJ aeration_NN1 and_CC energy_NN1 wastage_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
A_AT1 key_JJ benefit_NN1 of_IO this_DD1 concept_NN1 is_VBZ the_AT option_NN1 to_TO omit_VVI the_AT ionomer_NN1 in_II electrodes_NN2 ,_, which_DDQ are_VBR commonly_RR a_AT1 weak_JJ point_NN1 of_IO AEM_NP1 water_NN1 electrolyzers_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Correspondence_NN1 and_CC requests_NN2 for_IF materials_NN2 should_VM be_VBI addressed_VVN to_II A._NNU M._NNO It_NN1 has_VHZ been_VBN experimentally_RR demonstrated_VVN (_( Fig_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
S16-S19_NN1 ,_, ESI_NP1 )_) that_DD1 Mg/S_FU batteries_NN2 that_CST used_VVD the_AT OMBB_NN1 electrolyte_NN1 outperformed_VVD all_DB Mg/S_FU systems_NN2 that_CST used_VVD previously_RR reported_VVN non-nucleophilic_JJ electrolytes_NN2 (_( including_II the_AT Mg-HMDS-based_JJ electrolyte_NN1 ,_, MgCl2_FO +_FO AlC-based_JJ electrolyte_NN1 ,_, Mg&lsqb;B_NP1 (_( HFP_NP1 )_) 4_MC &rsqb;_) 2-based_JJ electrolyte_NN1 and_CC BCM-based_JJ electrolyte_NN1 )_) in_II31 terms_II32 of_II33 specific_JJ capacity_NN1 and_CC rate_NN1 capability_NN1 ,_, as_II31 well_II32 as_II33 cycling_VVG performance_NN1 ,_, which_DDQ highlights_VVZ the_AT development_NN1 and_CC significance_NN1 of_IO the_AT newly_RR investigated_VVD OMBB_NP1 electrolyte_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Atmospheric_JJ hydrogen_NN1 peroxide_NN1 (_( H2O2_FO )_) is_VBZ primarily_RR produced_VVN by_II self-reaction_NN1 of_IO HO2_FO radicals_NN2 that_CST mainly_RR come_VV0 from_II the_AT reactions_NN2 of_IO OH_UH with_IW CO_FO and_CC volatile_JJ organic_JJ compounds_NN2 (_( VOCs_NP2 )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT ratio_NN1 of_IO the_AT production_NN1 rate_NN1 of_IO the_AT 1st_MD effect_NN1 to_II the_AT total_JJ production_NN1 rate_NN1 (_( Djst_NP1 effect/Dt_NN1 ,_, MED_NP1 )_) is_VBZ implemented_VVN to_TO apply_VVI the_AT augmentation_NN1 only_RR to_II the_AT first_MD effect_NN1 of_IO the_AT equivalent_JJ MED_JJ ._. 
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<s>
Due_II21 to_II22 the_AT enhanced_JJ stability_NN1 at_II the_AT lithium_NN1 electrode-electrolyte_NN1 interface_NN1 ,_, the_AT battery_NN1 exhibited_VVD more_DAR than_CSN 200_MC cycles_NN2 at_II a_AT1 fixed_JJ capacity_NN1 of_IO 600_MC mA_NN1 h_ZZ1 g-1_FO ._. 
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<s>
About_II 2-fold_JJ more_RRR Zn_NP1 was_VBDZ accumulated_VVN in_II the_AT root_NN1 cell_NN1 vacuole_NN1 of_IO the_AT nonhyperaccumulating_JJ population_NN1 than_CSN in_II the_AT hyperaccumulating_JJ population_NN1 ,_, whereas_CS Zn_NP1 efflux_NN1 from_II the_AT root_NN1 cell_NN1 vacuole_NN1 was_VBDZ almost_RR 2-fold_JJ slower_JJR in_II the_AT nonhyperaccumulating_JJ population_NN1 than_CSN in_II the_AT hyperaccumulating_JJ population_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
None_PN of_IO the_AT metal_NN1 signals_NN2 was_VBDZ detected_VVN ._. 
</s>
<s>
Wang_NP1 et_RA21 al_RA22 ._. 
</s>
<s>
developed_VVN a_AT1 considerably_RR facile_JJ method_NN1 :_: by_II adding_VVG (_( NH4_FO )_) 2MoS4_FO into_II GO_VV0 dispersion_NN1 without_IW any_DD organic_JJ ligands_NN2 ,_, Mo-based_NN1 intermediate/GO_VV0 hybrid_JJ films_NN2 were_VBDR formed_VVN ,_, which_DDQ later_RRR were_VBDR transformed_VVN to_II MoS2/GS_NP1 porous_JJ film_NN1 with_IW thermal_JJ treatment_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Degrees_NN2 of_IO freedom_NN1 lost_VVN in_II estimating_VVG the_AT value_NN1 of_IO each_DD1 variable_NN1 using_VVG cubic_JJ spline_NN1 are_VBR not_XX easy_JJ to_TO perceive_VVI ._. 
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<s>
The_AT material_NN1 exhibited_VVD a_AT1 high_JJ saturated_JJ adsorption_NN1 capacity_NN1 of_IO 125_MC mg/g_NNU ,_, and_CC fast_JJ sorption_NN1 kinetics_NN1 --_JJ capable_JJ of_IO reducing_VVG the_AT trace_NN1 As(V)_NN1 content_NN1 to_TO meet_VVI the_AT regulated_JJ standard_NN1 (_( <10_FO mg/L_NNU )_) within_II 60_MC min_NNU ._. 
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<s>
However_RR ,_, it_PPH1 is_VBZ quite_RG different_JJ for_IF MW-FW_NP1 ,_, propionic_JJ acid_NN1 accumulated_VVN to_II 6262.96_MC mg/L_NNU on_II day_NNT1 26_MC ,_, while_CS acetic_JJ acid_NN1 decreased_VVN on_II day_NNT1 12-19_MCMC ,_, it_PPH1 rebounded_VVD to_II 2103.57_MC mg/L_NNU at_II the_AT final_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
However_RR ,_, these_DD2 two_MC species_NN share_VV0 more_DAR than_CSN a_AT1 98%_NNU similarity_NN1 based_VVN on_II 16S_MC2 rRNA_NN1 sequences_NN2 ,_, so_CS there_EX is_VBZ no_AT certainty_NN1 about_II which_DDQ strain_NN1 was_VBDZ really_RR predominant_JJ in_II previous_JJ studies_NN2 in_II anode_NN1 biofilms_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
It_PPH1 is_VBZ also_RR important_JJ to_TO indicate_VVI that_CST the_AT polymer_NN1 characteristics_NN2 influencing_VVG the_AT adsorption_NN1 properties_NN2 are_VBR several_DA2 and_CC results_NN2 can_VM not_XX associate_VVI with_IW a_AT1 single_JJ factor_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Furthermore_RR ,_, national_JJ development_NN1 and_CC ecological_JJ indicators_NN2 ,_, but_CCB not_XX the_AT climate_NN1 change_NN1 vulnerability_NN1 factors_NN2 ,_, correlate_VV0 weakly_RR (_( Mantel_NP1 =_FO 0.14_MC ,_, p_ZZ1 <_FO 0.01_MC )_) with_IW the_AT key_JJ multi-predictor_JJ matrix_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
As_CSA mentioned_VVN earlier_RRR ,_, irrespective_II21 of_II22 whether_CSW mineral_NN1 "_" bioleaching_VVG "_" or_CC "_" biooxidation_NN1 "_" are_VBR employed_VVN and_CC irrespectively_RR of_IO the_AT type_NN1 of_IO biomining_VVG techniques_NN2 (_( e._ZZ1 g._NNU heap_NN1 ,_, dump_VV0 ,_, in_RR21 situ_RR22 ,_, or_CC tank_NN1 reactor_NN1 )_) ,_, the_AT microorganisms_NN2 are_VBR required_VVN to_TO grow_VVI in_II an_AT1 essentially_RR inorganic_JJ ,_, aerobic_JJ ,_, and_CC either_RR extremely_RR or_CC moderately_RR acidic_JJ environment_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
There_EX are_VBR no_AT conflicts_NN2 to_TO declare_VVI ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT third_MD (_( 4_MC mL_NNU )_) methanol_NN1 fraction_NN1 used_VMK to_TO regenerate_VVI the_AT membrane_NN1 showed_VVD no_AT detectable_JJ bisphenol_NN1 A_ZZ1 when_CS measured_VVN by_II UV-vis_MC2 spectrophotometry_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Usually_RR ,_, the_AT best_JJT inhibitors_NN2 are_VBR those_DD2 which_DDQ have_VH0 more_DAR electron_NN1 donating_VVG capability_NN1 to_II the_AT metallic_JJ surfaces_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Organic_JJ biocides_NN2 are_VBR effective_JJ ,_, but_CCB sometimes_RT can_VM be_VBI deactivated_VVN by_II other_JJ organic_JJ materials_NN2 present_VV0 in_II the_AT soil_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
When_CS a_AT1 stagnant_JJ air-gap_NN1 is_VBZ interposed_VVN between_II the_AT membrane_NN1 and_CC the_AT condensation_NN1 surface_NN1 in_II the_AT distillate_NN1 side_NN1 ,_, this_DD1 configuration_NN1 is_VBZ known_VVN as_II AGMD_NP1 ._. 
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<s>
Antecedent_JJ set_NN1 consists_VVZ of_IO the_AT barrier_NN1 itself_PPX1 and_CC other_JJ barriers_NN2 ,_, which_DDQ may_VM help_VVI in_II achieving_VVG them_PPHO2 ._. 
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<s>
It_PPH1 is_VBZ consistent_JJ with_IW previous_JJ studies_NN2 in_II which_DDQ the_AT authors_NN2 claimed_VVD that_CST Al3+_FO toxicity_NN1 from_II WTR_NP1 should_VM not_XX be_VBI an_AT1 issue_NN1 under_II the_AT circumstance_NN1 where_CS the_AT pH_NN1 of_IO the_AT soil_NN1 is_VBZ higher_JJR than_CSN 5.2_MC ._. 
</s>
<s>
When_CS worn_VVN ,_, the_AT T-shirt_NN1 can_VM acquire_VVI exogenous_JJ particles_NN2 by_II deposition_NN1 from_II the_AT air_NN1 and_CC by_II direct_JJ contact_NN1 with_IW particle-laden_JJ surfaces_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Some_DD portion_NN1 of_IO electrons_NN2 from_II the_AT Na_FU ions_NN2 also_RR moves_VVZ toward_II the_AT graphene_NN1 layers_NN2 ,_, forming_VVG ionic_JJ bonds_NN2 with_IW electrons_NN2 donated_VVN from_II C-C_NP1 bonds_NN2 in_II the_AT graphene_NN1 layers_NN2 (_( see_VV0 Fig_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
S5_FO ,_, ESI_NP1 )_) ,_, which_DDQ was_VBDZ similarly_RR observed_VVN in_II Li_NP1 intercalated_VVD graphite_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Compiling_VVG the_AT intermediate_JJ transaction_NN1 matrix_NN1 is_VBZ extremely_RR challenging_JJ when_CS compared_VVN to_II compiling_VVG spatially_RR explicit_JJ extensions_NN2 or_CC final_JJ demand_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT main_JJ reason_NN1 for_IF choosing_VVG a_AT1 reference_NN1 year_NNT1 of_IO 2030_MC is_VBZ that_CST the_AT cost_NN1 estimates_VVZ for_IF all_DB of_IO the_AT technologies_NN2 become_VV0 increasingly_RR uncertain_JJ at_II longer_JJR time_NNT1 horizons_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT donors_NN2 and_CC acceptors_NN2 used_VVN in_II this_DD1 study_NN1 possess_VV0 complementary_JJ absorption_NN1 (_( Fig_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
S5_FO ,_, ESI_NP1 )_) ,_, thus_RR enabling_VVG spectral_JJ disentanglement_NN1 between_II PET_NN1 pathways_NN2 and_CC PHT_NP1 pathways_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Typically_RR ,_, the_AT OSC_NN1 of_IO atmospheric_JJ OA_NP1 falls_VVZ between_II --_NN1 2.0_MC and_CC 1.021_MC and_CC ,_, for_IF monoterpene_NN1 ozonolysis_NN1 SOA_NN1 in_RR21 particular_RR22 ,_, between_II --_NN1 1.1_MC and_CC 0.5_MC ,_, comparable_JJ to_II values_NN2 presented_VVN here_RL ._. 
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<s>
When_CS visibility_NN1 is_VBZ in_II the_AT 2_MC --_JJ 4_MC km_NNU range_NN1 ,_, the_AT LT31_FO determines_VVZ visibility_NN1 by_II weighting_VVG the_AT transmission_NN1 meter_NN1 and_CC the_AT PWD_NP1 forward_RL scatter_VV0 meter_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Moreover_RR ,_, this_DD1 type_NN1 of_IO battery_NN1 delivered_VVD stable_JJ discharge_NN1 performance_NN1 at_II different_JJ bending_NN1 and_CC twisting_JJ conditions_NN2 and_CC even_RR after_II 2000_MC bending/stretching_JJ cycles_NN2 ,_, demonstrating_VVG good_JJ stability_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT adsorption_NN1 of_IO the_AT oils_NN2 shows_VVZ a_AT1 direct_JJ dependency_NN1 on_II granulometric_JJ composition_NN1 i._MC e._ZZ1 weight_NN1 ratio_NN1 of_IO C/SiO2_NP1 along_II21 with_II22 the_AT bulk_NN1 density_NN1 ,_, surface_NN1 morphology_NN1 and_CC oleophilicity_NN1 of_IO the_AT sorbent_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Human_JJ intervention_NN1 may_VM extend_VVI the_AT lifetime_NNT1 of_IO these_DD2 monuments_NN2 through_II protective_JJ measures_NN2 against_II colonization_NN1 and_CC metabolic_JJ activity_NN1 of_IO microorganisms_NN2 ,_, especially_RR the_AT destructive_JJ ones_NN2 to_TO minimize_VVI their_APPGE damage_NN1 (_( Gu_NP1 and_CC Mitchell_NP1 ,_, 2013_MC ;_; Liu_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2018b_FO ;_; Warscheid_NP1 and_CC Braams_NP1 ,_, 2000_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
Aside_II21 from_II22 the_AT adsorption_NN1 capacity_NN1 and_CC physiochemical_JJ properties_NN2 of_IO the_AT materials_NN2 ,_, some_DD other_JJ parameters_NN2 like_II cost_NN1 of_IO adsorbent_NN1 ,_, ease_NN1 of_IO synthesis_NN1 ,_, toxicity_NN1 and_CC re-usability_NN1 are_VBR also_RR important_JJ parameters_NN2 for_IF comparing_VVG the_AT superiority_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 sorbent_JJ material_NN1 over_II others_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
To_II some_DD extent_NN1 ,_, these_DD2 heat_NN1 pumps_NN2 all_DB aims_NN2 to_TO recover_VVI the_AT last_MD effect_NN1 steam_NN1 or_CC the_AT low_JJ grade_NN1 energy_NN1 of_IO it_PPH1 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT moisture_NN1 content_NN1 of_IO raw_JJ submerged_JJ macrophytes_NN2 (_( 90.1%95.1%_FO ,_, Koyama_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2014_MC )_) is_VBZ much_RR higher_JJR than_CSN that_DD1 of_IO terrestrial_JJ plants_NN2 (_( 6.3%_FO 82.5%_FO ,_, Triolo_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2011_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
By_II implementing_VVG an_AT1 improved_JJ method_NN1 ,_, as_CSA shown_VVN in_II Fig._NN1 14_MC ,_, the_AT fuel_NN1 cost_NN1 apportionment_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 dual-purposed_JJ power_NN1 and_CC desalination_NN1 plant_NN1 and_CC total_JJ water_NN1 production_NN1 cost_NN1 are_VBR calculated_VVN as_CSA shown_VVN in_II Fig._NN1 15_MC ._. 
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<s>
Air_NN1 flow_NN1 rate_NN1 may_VM also_RR affect_VVI the_AT efficiency_NN1 of_IO biodegradation_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
We_PPIS2 observed_VVD that_CST KIM1_FO significantly_RR increased_VVN with_IW dose_NN1 dependent_NN1 when_CS exposed_VVN to_II the_AT 5_MC x_ZZ1 MM_NNU and_CC 10_MC x_ZZ1 MM_NNU (_( P_ZZ1 <_FO 0.05_MC )_) (_( Fig._NN1 3C_FO )_) ._. 
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<s>
Overall_RR ,_, sources_NN2 emission_NN1 contained_VVD elements_NN2 such_II21 as_II22 As_RG ,_, Cr_NP1 ,_, and_CC Cd_NN1 with_IW higher_JJR toxicity_NN1 and_CC bioavailability_NN1 may_VM produce_VVI a_AT1 higher_JJR health_NN1 hazard_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT heat_NN1 storage_NN1 medium_NN1 is_VBZ a_AT1 technique_NN1 used_VVN by_II adding_VVG materials_NN2 with_IW low_JJ thermal_JJ conductivity_NN1 and_CC high_JJ thermal_JJ capacity_NN1 within_II the_AT still_JJ absorber_NN1 to_TO keep_VVI its_APPGE temperature_NN1 high_RR enough_RR for_IF producing_VVG distillate_NN1 during_II the_AT lack_NN1 of_IO sunshine_NN1 ,_, overnight_RT ,_, or_CC when_CS solar_JJ irradiance_NN1 is_VBZ low_JJ ._. 
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<s>
The_AT desired_JJ amounts_NN2 of_IO precursors_NN2 were_VBDR dissolved_VVN separately_RR in_II double_JJ distilled_JJ water_NN1 under_II mild_JJ stirring_JJ conditions_NN2 and_CC mixed_VVD together_RL ._. 
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<s>
The_AT NMR_NP1 tube_NN1 was_VBDZ capped_VVN and_CC placed_VVN in_II the_AT freezer_NN1 ,_, and_CC crystals_NN2 formed_VVN at_II the_AT interface_NN1 of_IO the_AT solvent_NN1 layers_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Adel_VV0 et_RA21 al_RA22 ._. 
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<s>
(_( 2016_MC )_) studied_VVD heavy_JJ metals_NN2 in_II edibles_NN2 of_IO whitecheek_NN1 sharks_NN2 from_II the_AT Persian_JJ Gulf_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Considerable_JJ efforts_NN2 have_VH0 been_VBN devoted_VVN to_II pursuing_VVG novel_JJ synthetic_JJ methods_NN2 and_CC fabricating_VVG new_JJ chemical_JJ structures_NN2 of_IO EHPs_NP2 for_IF gaining_VVG good_JJ properties_NN2 ,_, including_VVG relatively_RR high_JJ molecular_JJ weight_NN1 ,_, low_JJ viscosity_NN1 ,_, and_CC excellent_JJ compatibility_NN1 with_IW DGEBA_NP1 ._. 
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<s>
A_AT1 critical_JJ review_NN1 of_IO these_DD2 differences_NN2 and_CC the_AT connection_NN1 among_II them_PPHO2 can_VM help_VVI to_TO bridge_VVI our_APPGE knowledge_NN1 between_II university-based_JJ researchers_NN2 and_CC protocol_NN1 practitioners_NN2 in_II accounting_NN1 and_CC taking_VVG further_JJR mitigation_NN1 actions_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
TiO2_FO NAs/CT_FU facilitate_VV0 the_AT formation_NN1 of_IO amorphous_JJ Li2O2_FO which_DDQ has_VHZ reduced_VVN charge_NN1 overpotential_JJ ,_, while_CS pristine_JJ carbon_NN1 textiles_NN2 turn_VV0 to_TO form_VVI conventional_JJ toroidal_JJ morphology_NN1 of_IO discharge_NN1 products_NN2 (_( Fig._NN1 14d_NNU )_) ._. 
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<s>
Membrane-based_JJ technologies_NN2 are_VBR extensively_RR used_VVN for_IF energyefficient_JJ separations_NN2 ,_, which_DDQ have_VH0 shown_VVN immense_JJ potential_NN1 in_II a_AT1 wide_JJ variety_NN1 of_IO separations_NN2 in_II aqueous_JJ and_CC gas_NN1 phase_NN1 systems_NN2 rejecting_VVG solutes_NN2 with_IW size_NN1 ranging_VVG from_II few_DA2 micrometers_NN2 to_II nanometers_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Therefore_RR ,_, Pb_FO isotopes_NN2 have_VH0 been_VBN widely_RR used_VVN to_TO determine_VVI the_AT sources_NN2 and_CC pathways_NN2 of_IO various_JJ Pb_FO pollutants_NN2 in_II the_AT environment_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Dissolved_VVN residual_JJ aluminium_NN1 is_VBZ complexed_VVN with_IW almost_RR all_RR MW_NNU ranges_NN2 (_( 500_MC Da_FU --_JJ 100kDa_NNU )_) (_( Kimura_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2013_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
If_CS phosphorous_JJ removal_NN1 is_VBZ attempted_VVN ,_, the_AT coagulant_NN1 should_VM be_VBI ferric_JJ based_VVN to_TO reduce_VVI coagulant_NN1 consumption_NN1 and_CC the_AT RO_NN1 antiscalant_NN1 should_VM not_XX be_VBI phosphonate_JJ based_VVN ._. 
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<s>
The_AT treatment_NN1 plots_NN2 were_VBDR installed_VVN on_II a_AT1 well-drained_JJ clay_NN1 soil_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
It_PPH1 has_VHZ been_VBN acted_VVN upon_II as_II a_AT1 superior_JJ indicator_NN1 for_IF evaluating_VVG the_AT scientific_JJ output_NN1 quality_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Robert_NP1 Blanchette_NP1 (_( University_NN1 of_IO Minnesota_NP1 )_) and_CC Kevin_NP1 T._NP1 Smith_NP1 (_( U.S._NP1 Forest_NN1 Service_NN1 )_) provided_VVD helpful_JJ critiques_NN2 of_IO the_AT manuscript_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
For_IF situations_NN2 under_II which_DDQ no_AT closely_RR similar_JJ compounds_NN2 are_VBR available_JJ ,_, the_AT read-across_II evaluation_NN1 may_VM become_VVI weak_JJ ,_, and_CC results_NN2 from_II QSAR_NP1 models_NN2 may_VM be_VBI more_RGR informative_JJ ._. 
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<s>
The_AT goal_NN1 of_IO the_AT Sections_NN2 5.1.3_MC to_II 5.1.5_MC is_VBZ therefore_RR to_TO identify_VVI the_AT proportion_NN1 of_IO each_DD1 material_NN1 or_CC process_VV0 within_II the_AT life_NN1 cycle_NN1 inventory_NN1 that_CST contributes_VVZ to_II 46.67_MC kg_NNU CO2-eq_NN1 for_REX21 example_REX22 and_CC the_AT key_JJ economic_JJ sectors_NN2 that_CST constitute_VV0 the_AT 9.08_MC kg_NNU CO2-eq_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
This_DD1 will_VM allow_VVI us_PPIO2 to_TO identify_VVI hotspots_NN2 and_CC the_AT corresponding_JJ materials/process_FU responsible_JJ for_IF such_DA hotspots_NN2 for_IF which_DDQ intervention_NN1 options_NN2 can_VM then_RT be_VBI recommended_VVN ._. 
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<s>
In_II particle_NN1 phase_NN1 ,_, formic_JJ acid_NN1 was_VBDZ the_AT dominant_JJ species_NN in_II the_AT MFB_NP1 (_( 34%_NNU )_) and_CC LFB_NP1 (_( 31%_NNU )_) periods_NN2 ,_, followed_VVN by_II acetic_JJ acid_NN1 (_( MFB_NP1 :_: 27%_NNU ,_, LFB_NP1 :_: 27%_NNU )_) and_CC lactic_JJ acid_NN1 (_( MFB_NP1 :_: 22%_NNU ,_, LFB_NP1 :_: 23%_NNU )_) ._. 
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<s>
According_II21 to_II22 the_AT literature_NN1 ,_, the_AT membrane_NN1 performance_NN1 in_II31 terms_II32 of_II33 increased_JJ permeation_NN1 flux_NN1 and_CC salt_NN1 rejection_NN1 can_VM be_VBI improved_VVN by_II adding_VVG POSS_NN1 nanoparticles_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Since_II 1958_MC ,_, the_AT organization_NN1 has_VHZ published_VVN specific_JJ guidelines_NN2 for_IF International_JJ Drinking-water_JJ Standards_NN2 ,_, proposing_VVG both_RR chemical_JJ (_( in_II mg/L_NNU )_) and_CC radiological_JJ (_( in_II Bq/L_NP1 per_II isotope_NN1 )_) concentrations_NN2 for_IF mineral_NN1 and_CC organic_JJ elements_NN2 when_CS assessing_VVG drinking-water_JJ quality_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Currently_RR ,_, the_AT major_JJ application_NN1 of_IO ED_NP1 is_VBZ in_II desalination_NN1 of_IO seawater_NN1 or_CC brackish_JJ water_NN1 ,_, and_CC brine_NN1 treatment_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
These_DD2 challenges_NN2 are_VBR in_II31 line_II32 with_II33 the_AT conclusions_NN2 offered_VVN by_II the_AT '_NULL Changing_JJ Behaviour_NN1 '_NULL project_NN1 on_II supporting_JJ intermediaries_NN2 (_( Backhaus_NP1 ,_, 2010_MC )_) mentioned_VVD in_II Section_NN1 2.2_MC ._. 
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<s>
This_DD1 two-layer_JJ structure_NN1 appeared_VVD to_TO be_VBI mostly_RR a_AT1 result_NN1 of_IO relatively_RR low_JJ anodic_JJ current_JJ densities_NN2 compared_VVN to_II other_JJ studies_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Although_CS polymerisation_NN1 of_IO silica_NN1 can_VM be_VBI inhibited_VVN by_II controlling_VVG the_AT concentration_NN1 of_IO Si(OH)4_FO below_RG 120_MC mg/L_NNU ,_, it_PPH1 has_VHZ been_VBN noticed_VVN that_CST the_AT solutions_NN2 with_IW lower_JJR concentrations_NN2 tend_VV0 to_TO nucleate_VVI the_AT less_RGR soluble_JJ polymeric_JJ species_NN of_IO lower_JJR solubility_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
However_RR ,_, some_DD studies_NN2 reported_VVD CIP_NN1 biotransformation_NN1 products_NN2 and_CC pathways_NN2 in_II different_JJ biological_JJ sludge_NN1 systems_NN2 (_( e._ZZ1 g._NNU ,_, aerobic_JJ ,_, anoxic_JJ ,_, and_CC anaerobic_JJ conditions_NN2 )_) (_( Figure_NN1 3b_FO and_CC Figure_NN1 S8_FO in_II Supporting_JJ Information_NN1 )_) ._. 
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<s>
The_AT compost_NN1 contains_VVZ plenty_PN of_IO humus_NN1 ,_, which_DDQ can_VM mediate_VVI electron_NN1 transfer_NN1 and_CC reductive_JJ dehalogenation_NN1 (_( Zhang_NP1 and_CC Katayama_NP1 ,_, 2012_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
That_DD1 study_NN1 assessed_VVN specific_JJ cognitive_JJ functions_NN2 such_II21 as_II22 working_VVG memory_NN1 and_CC attentional_JJ function_NN1 ,_, instead_II21 of_II22 more_RGR global_JJ cognitive_JJ measurements_NN2 like_VV0 in_II the_AT current_JJ study_NN1 ,_, which_DDQ might_VM be_VBI responsible_JJ for_IF the_AT differing_JJ results_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Ogawa_NN1 recommends_VVZ exposure_NN1 of_IO the_AT NO2_FO and_CC NOx_NN1 pads_NN2 for_IF at_RR21 least_RR22 24_MC h_ZZ1 ,_, and_CC typical_JJ minimum_JJ exposure_NN1 times_NNT2 in_II an_AT1 urban_JJ area_NN1 (_( e._ZZ1 g._NNU 10_MC ppbv_NNU NOx_NN1 )_) for_IF isotopic_JJ determination_NN1 via_II the_AT denitrifier_NN1 method_NN1 would_VM require_VVI a_AT1 minimum_JJ exposure_NN1 of_IO 36_MC h_ZZ1 ,_, but_CCB dependent_JJ upon_II the_AT ambient_JJ concentrations_NN2 (_( i._MC e._ZZ1 lower_VV0 concentrations_NN2 would_VM yield_VVI longer_JJR necessary_JJ exposure_NN1 times_NNT2 )_) ._. 
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<s>
Ic_NP1 =_FO 12.07_MC A_ZZ1 )_) accompanied_VVD by_II XRD_NP1 peaks_NN2 at_II 22.3°_FO (_( 003_MC )_) and_CC 29.53°_FO (_( 004_MC )_) in_II the_AT potential_JJ range_NN1 of_IO 0.3-0.2_MCMC V._NNU Afterwards_RT ,_, stage_NN1 2_MC KC24_FO (_( l_ZZ1 =_FO 2_MC and_CC Ic_NN1 =_FO 8.67_MC A_ZZ1 )_) K-GICs_NN2 are_VBR formed_VVN along_II21 with_II22 the_AT appearance_NN1 of_IO XRS_NP1 peaks_NN2 at_II 20.25°_FO (_( 002_MC )_) and_CC 30.95°_FO (_( 003_MC )_) during_II section_NN1 III_MC (_( 0.2-0.12_MCMC V_NNU )_) ._. 
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<s>
Where_CS chromatographic_JJ flow_NN1 through_II the_AT soil_NN1 matrix_NN1 is_VBZ dominant_JJ ,_, the_AT timescales_NN2 involved_VVN may_VM be_VBI much_RR longer_RRR providing_VVG a_AT1 much_RR greater_JJR opportunity_NN1 for_IF separation_NN1 of_IO the_AT active_JJ substance_NN1 from_II any_DD co-formulants_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
GPCP_NP1 precipitation_NN1 data_NN are_VBR available_JJ from_II the_AT NASA_NP1 Global_JJ Precipitation_NN1 Analysis_NN1 website_NN1 (_( https_NNU :_: //precip_VV0 ._. 
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<s>
Among_II these_DD2 three_MC HBPE-COOHs_NN2 ,_, the_AT thermoset_NN1 containing_VVG 5wt%_FO HBPE-COOH2_NN1 showed_VVD a_AT1 maximum_JJ impact_NN1 strength_NN1 of_IO 36.4_MC kJ/m2_JJ ,_, which_DDQ was_VBDZ 178%_NNU higher_JJR than_CSN that_DD1 of_IO cured_JJ DGEBA_NN1 (_( 13.1_MC kJ/m2_JJ )_) ._. 
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<s>
The_AT challenges_NN2 associated_VVN with_IW the_AT development_NN1 of_IO an_AT1 integrated_JJ model_NN1 for_IF simulating_VVG UV-LED_JJ reactors_NN2 ,_, however_RR ,_, are_VBR greater_JJR than_CSN those_DD2 associated_VVN with_IW UV_JJ lamp_NN1 reactors_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT use_NN1 of_IO real-time_JJ ridesharing_JJ service_NN1 started_VVD also_RR at_II the_AT start_NN1 point_NN1 and_CC ended_VVN at_II the_AT same_DA taxi_NN1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 drop-off_NN1 location_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Other_JJ differences_NN2 in_II methodology_NN1 are_VBR less_RGR likely_JJ to_TO be_VBI the_AT cause_NN1 of_IO the_AT differences_NN2 between_II images_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Crops_NN2 used_VVD mostly_RR for_IF food_NN1 (_( for_REX21 example_REX22 ,_, rice_NN1 ;_; many_DA2 vegetables_NN2 and_CC fruits_NN2 )_) tend_VV0 to_TO have_VHI high_JJ production_NN1 intensity_NN1 ,_, whereas_CS crops_NN2 with_IW greater_JJR nonfood_NN1 uses_NN2 (_( for_REX21 example_REX22 ,_, maize_NN1 and_CC many_DA2 oil_NN1 crops_NN2 )_) are_VBR associated_VVN with_IW lower_JJR production_NN1 intensity_NN1 (_( Supplementary_JJ Fig._NN1 3_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
The_AT disintegration_NN1 of_IO the_AT kraft_NN1 paper_NN1 (_( control_NN1 )_) was_VBDZ 46%_NNU for_IF high_JJ and_CC low_JJ concentrations_NN2 ,_, respectively_RR ,_, whereas_CS it_PPH1 was_VBDZ expected_VVN to_TO degrade_VVI at_RR21 least_RR22 90%_NNU ._. 
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<s>
Therefore_RR ,_, we_PPIS2 investigate_VV0 the_AT potential_JJ to_TO develop_VVI win-win_JJ solutions_NN2 and_CC identify_VVI the_AT timing_NN1 to_TO achieve_VVI this_DD1 solution_NN1 ,_, by_II looking_VVG into_II the_AT consequence_NN1 of_IO integrated_JJ land_NN1 use_NN1 planning_NN1 strategies_NN2 in_II CS_NP2 when_CS implemented_VVN in_II 2019_MC and_CC 2024_MC ,_, respectively_RR ._. 
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<s>
Such_DA microbial-based_JJ toxins_NN2 are_VBR of_IO the_AT same_DA molecular_JJ sizes_NN2 and_CC they_PPHS2 posed_VVD health_NN1 hazards_NN2 to_II humans_NN2 when_RRQ traces_NN2 of_IO toxins_NN2 are_VBR ingested_VVN ._. 
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<s>
For_REX21 instance_REX22 ,_, Tiwari_NP1 et_RA21 al_RA22 ._. 
</s>
<s>
(_( 2019_MC )_) reviewed_VVD the_AT limitations_NN2 of_IO microscale_NN1 and_CC macroscale_NN1 air_NN1 pollutant_NN1 dispersion_NN1 models_NN2 to_TO evaluate_VVI green_JJ infrastructure_NN1 impacts_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
With_IW the_AT key_JJ urban_JJ form_NN1 indicators_NN2 identified_VVN above_RL ,_, the_AT final_JJ regression_NN1 models_NN2 for_IF GHGs_NP1 from_II residents_NN2 '_NULL transportation_NN1 and_CC intensity_NN1 of_IO UHI_NN2 are_VBR built_VVN ,_, respectively_RR (_( Tables_NN2 S6_FO ,_, S7_FO )_) ._. 
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<s>
The_AT results_NN2 show_VV0 that_CST all_DB the_AT parameters_NN2 except_II TDS_NN2 played_VVD an_AT1 important_JJ role_NN1 in_II Relative_JJ Flux_NN1 (_( RF_NP1 )_) of_IO this_DD1 UF_NN1 process_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
For_IF the_AT domain_NN1 of_IO recruitment_NN1 assessment_NN1 we_PPIS2 also_RR took_VVD into_II consideration_NN1 the_AT consistency_NN1 of_IO sampling_VVG methods_NN2 across_II subjects_NN2 with_IW different_JJ drought_NN1 exposure_NN1 levels_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Thus_RR ,_, the_AT model_NN1 developed_VVN in_II Section_NN1 4.1_MC of_IO MED.TVC_NP1 must_VM be_VBI first_MD computed_VVN and_CC validated_VVN with_IW the_AT results_NN2 of_IO those_DD2 from_II the_AT literature_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Fig._NN1 8_MC shows_VVZ the_AT changes_NN2 in_II SOA_NP1 and_CC PM2.5_FO concentrations_NN2 under_II the_AT anthropogenic_JJ VOCs_NN2 controlling_VVG scenario_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Ftot_VV0 in_II Ramat_NP1 Hanadiv_NP1 averaged_VVD -5_MC --_JJ 8_MC nmol_VV0 m-2_FO s-1_FO during_II the_AT summer_NNT1 ,_, and_CC --_NN1 8_MC --_JJ 12_MC nmol_VV0 m-2_FO s-1_FO during_II the_AT spring_NN1 and_CC winter_NNT1 ._. 
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<s>
We_PPIS2 thank_VV0 the_AT associate_JJ editor_NN1 and_CC the_AT anonymous_JJ reviewers_NN2 for_IF improving_VVG the_AT quality_NN1 of_IO the_AT manuscript_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
A_AT1 storage_NN1 tank_NN1 continuously_RR supplied_VVD the_AT feed_NN1 solution_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
For_REX21 example_REX22 ,_, both_RR cationic_JJ organic_JJ and_CC inorganic_JJ anionic_JJ and_CC cationic_JJ species_NN readily_RR adsorb_VV0 on_II the_AT surface_NN1 of_IO MIONs_NP2 ._. 
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Often_RR include_VV0 a_AT1 hydraulic_JJ model_NN1 to_TO simulate_VVI these_DD2 physical_JJ features_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT iron_NN1 ore_NN1 reserves_NN2 are_VBR diminishing_VVG and_CC this_DD1 encourages_VVZ the_AT scientific_JJ community_NN1 to_TO look_VVI into_II the_AT use_NN1 of_IO secondary_JJ sources_NN2 of_IO iron_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
We_PPIS2 define_VV0 microdomains_NN2 B_ZZ1 and_CC C_ZZ1 as_II the_AT storage_NN1 domains_NN2 with_IW large_JJ but_CCB not_XX readily_RR available_JJ amounts_NN2 of_IO organic_JJ matter_NN1 ,_, nutrients_NN2 ,_, and_CC contaminants_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Many_DA2 of_IO these_DD2 are_VBR smaller_JJR in_II volume_NN1 compared_VVN to_II PRO_JJ systems_NN2 based_VVN on_II rivers_NN2 and_CC salt_NN1 lakes_NN2 ,_, but_CCB they_PPHS2 may_VM still_RR be_VBI attractive_JJ for_IF construction_NN1 of_IO small_JJ and_CC compact_JJ PRO_JJ systems_NN2 that_CST produces_VVZ clean_JJ energy_NN1 and_CC helps_NN2 overcome_VVI environmental_JJ issues_NN2 with_IW disposal_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
In_II comparison_NN1 to_II the_AT coal_NN1 and_CC bottom_JJ ash_NN1 ,_, the_AT samples_NN2 of_IO deposits_NN2 taken_VVN from_II the_AT boiler_NN1 were_VBDR characterised_VVN by_II a_AT1 very_RG high_JJ mercury_NN1 content_NN1 amounting_VVG to_II 1220_MC (_( heater_NN1 deposits_NN2 )_) and_CC 1518_MC g/kg_NNU (_( breeching_VVG deposits_NN2 )_) ,_, respectively_RR ._. 
</s>
<s>
Data_NN were_VBDR also_RR subjected_VVN to_II factor_NN1 analysis_NN1 in_BCL21 order_BCL22 to_TO define_VVI virtual_JJ variables_NN2 that_CST would_VM describe_VVI their_APPGE interdependence_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
That_DD1 probably_RR implies_VVZ a_AT1 potentially_RR missing_JJ HONO_NN1 source_NN1 around_II Houston_NP1 during_II the_AT time_NNT1 as_CSA Ziemba_NP1 et_RA21 al_RA22 ._. 
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<s>
(_( 2010_MC )_) suggested_VVD ._. 
</s>
<s>
A_AT1 major_JJ inconvenience_NN1 in_II the_AT use_NN1 of_IO pesticides_NN2 is_VBZ the_AT influence_NN1 of_IO their_APPGE residues_NN2 on_II the_AT environment_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Polytetrafluoroethylene_NP1 (_( PTFE_NP1 )_) membrane_NN1 ,_, the_AT solvent_NN1 was_VBDZ analyzed_VVN for_IF various_JJ organic_JJ compounds_NN2 using_VVG a_AT1 GC-MS_JJ system_NN1 (_( Agilent_NP1 7890A_FO GC_NP1 with_IW 5975C_FO Series_NN mass_JJ spectrometry_NN1 )_) equipped_VVN with_IW an_AT1 Agilent_JJ DB_NP1 EUPAH_NP1 column_NN1 (_( 121-9627_MCMC ,_, 20_MC m_ZZ1 x_ZZ1 180_MC m_ZZ1 x_ZZ1 0.14_MC m_NNU )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
According_II21 to_II22 Liu_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, it_PPH1 is_VBZ unfeasible_JJ to_TO purchase_VVI cellulolytic_JJ enzymes_NN2 from_II current_JJ market_NN1 suppliers_NN2 ;_; therefore_RR ,_, the_AT authors_NN2 propose_VV0 on-site_JJ enzyme_NN1 production_NN1 as_II an_AT1 alternative_JJ to_TO boost_VVI economically_RR feasible_JJ industrial_JJ lignocellulosic_JJ ethanol_NN1 production_NN1 ,_, which_DDQ could_VM lead_VVI to_TO cellulase_VVI enzyme_NN1 cost_NN1 reduction_NN1 from_II 30_MC to_II 70%_NNU ._. 
</s>
<s>
Lake_NN1 water_NN1 pH_NN1 is_VBZ 4.7-4.9_MCMC ,_, dissolved_VVD organic_JJ carbon_NN1 ranges_VVZ from_II 7_MC to_II 10_MC mg_NNU L-1_FO ,_, and_CC dissolved_VVD inorganic_JJ carbon_NN1 is_VBZ negligible_JJ ._. 
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<s>
In_II such_DA a_AT1 case_NN1 ,_, the_AT observed_JJ homologue_NN1 pattern_NN1 can_VM not_XX be_VBI described_VVN with_IW the_AT commercially_RR available_JJ analytical_JJ standards_NN2 that_CST cover_VV0 only_JJ carbon_NN1 chain_NN1 lengths_NN2 between_II C_ZZ1 &rsqb;_) ._. 
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<s>
ABSTRACT_VV0 :_: Knowledge_NN1 on_II relations_NN2 between_II particle_NN1 properties_NN2 and_CC characteristics_NN2 of_IO metal_NN1 and_CC metal_NN1 oxide_NN1 nanoparticles_NN2 (_( NPs_NP1 )_) in_II freshwater_JJ is_VBZ important_JJ for_IF risk_NN1 assessment_NN1 and_CC product_NN1 development_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Results_NN2 showed_VVD that_CST the_AT average_JJ volume_NN1 density_NN1 of_IO the_AT finished_JJ product_NN1 was_VBDZ 0.93_MC g/cm3_FU ,_, the_AT compressive_JJ strength_NN1 was_VBDZ approximately_RR 1.2_MC MPa_NP1 ,_, and_CC the_AT average_JJ porosity_NN1 was_VBDZ nearly_RR 60%_NNU ._. 
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<s>
Currently_RR there_EX is_VBZ also_RR a_AT1 knowledge_NN1 gap_NN1 on_II the_AT behavior_NN1 of_IO THC_NP1 and_CC metabolites_NN2 in_II wastewater_NN1 ,_, such_II21 as_II22 partition_NN1 on_II particulate_NN1 matter_NN1 ,_, that_DD1 could_VM lead_VVI to_II either_RR under_RP or_CC over-estimation_NN1 of_IO the_AT mass_NN1 of_IO THC_NP1 used_VVD by_II a_AT1 population_NN1 (_( Khan_NP1 and_CC Nicell_NP1 ,_, 2012_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
A_AT1 peak_NN1 at_II a_AT1 wave_NN1 number_NN1 of_IO 1725_MC cm-1_MC1 corresponding_JJ to_II C.O_FO of_IO carboxyl_NN1 acid_NN1 groups_NN2 is_VBZ observed_VVN in_II the_AT spectrum_NN1 of_IO the_AT S2M4_FO membrane_NN1 sample_NN1 (_( Curve_NN1 c_ZZ1 )_) ._. 
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<s>
The_AT result_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 QSAR_NN1 can_VM not_XX be_VBI more_RGR predictive_JJ than_CSN the_AT uncertainty_NN1 of_IO the_AT measured_JJ values_NN2 used_VMK to_TO build_VVI it_PPH1 ._. 
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<s>
For_REX21 instance_REX22 ,_, protocols_NN2 documented_VVN for_IF using_VVG FCM_NP1 to_TO detect_VVI Salmonella_NP1 ,_, E._NP1 coli_NN2 O157_FO ,_, and_CC Shigella_NP1 in_II food-safety_JJ contexts_NN2 (_( McClelland_NP1 and_CC Pinder_NP1 ,_, 1994_MC ;_; Xue_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2016_MC )_) could_VM be_VBI adapted_VVN for_IF applications_NN2 in_II water_NN1 treatment_NN1 ,_, distribution_NN1 ,_, and_CC reuse_VV0 ._. 
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<s>
Hence_RR ,_, after_CS exposure_NN1 overnight_RT at_II 500_MC °C_NNU under_II reaction_NN1 mixture_NN1 ,_, Ag/AuAl_FU remains_VVZ stable_JJ preserving_NN1 a_AT1 good_JJ compromise_NN1 between_II its_APPGE oxidative_JJ and_CC reductive_JJ properties_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Results_NN2 suggested_VVD that_CST SE_NP1 conditions_NN2 should_VM be_VBI optimized_VVN by_II considering_VVG both_DB2 of_IO the_AT sugar_NN1 recovery_NN1 and_CC subsequent_JJ hydrolysis_NN1 performance_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
To_TO inform_VVI the_AT development_NN1 of_IO effective_JJ responses_NN2 ,_, it_PPH1 is_VBZ essential_JJ to_TO assess_VVI the_AT robustness_NN1 of_IO the_AT available_JJ evidence_NN1 ,_, identifying_VVG major_JJ methodological_JJ shortcomings_NN2 for_IF the_AT improvement_NN1 of_IO future_JJ research_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
One_MC1 of_IO the_AT main_JJ managerial_JJ implications_NN2 of_IO this_DD1 model_NN1 is_VBZ that_DD1 top_JJ management_NN1 of_IO companies_NN2 must_VM take_VVI effective_JJ steps_NN2 on_II developing_JJ strategies_NN2 to_TO create_VVI awareness_NN1 about_II eco-efficiency_NN1 and_CC its_APPGE related_JJ benefits_NN2 such_CS21 that_CS22 desired_JJ objectives_NN2 in_II eco-efficiency_NN1 could_VM be_VBI achieved_VVN ._. 
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<s>
The_AT use_NN1 of_IO microorganisms_NN2 belonging_VVG to_II the_AT genus_NN1 Azoarcus_NN1 and_CC the_AT family_NN1 Comamonadaceae_NP1 resulted_VVD in_II the_AT removal_NN1 of_IO As(V)_NN1 through_II immobilization_NN1 of_IO As(V)_NN1 onto_II Fe(III)_NP1 (_( hydr_NN1 )_) oxides_NN2 (_( Sun_NN1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2009a_FO )_) ._. 
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<s>
The_AT adsorption_NN1 capability_NN1 of_IO raw_JJ clays_NN2 can_VM be_VBI improved_VVN by_II exchanging_VVG its_APPGE interlayer_NN1 inorganic_JJ cations_NN2 (_( e._ZZ1 g_ZZ1 ._. 
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<s>
Na+_FO ,_, K+_FO ,_, Ca2+_FO )_) with_IW Quaternary_JJ ammonium_NN1 cations_NN2 (_( QACs_NP2 )_) ._. 
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<s>
On_II the_AT one_MC1 hand_NN1 ,_, adsorbing_VVG mercury_NN1 by_II chimney_NN1 soot_NN1 is_VBZ advantageous_JJ ,_, because_CS it_PPH1 reduces_VVZ emissions_NN2 into_II the_AT atmosphere_NN1 ,_, but_CCB on_II the_AT other_JJ ,_, this_DD1 results_VVZ in_II it_PPH1 having_VHG harmful_JJ properties_NN2 to_II health_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Expression_NN1 of_IO APX_NP1 genes_NN2 is_VBZ regulated_VVN during_II normal_JJ growth_NN1 and_CC development_NN1 of_IO plants_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT coulombic_JJ efficiency_NN1 was_VBDZ found_VVN to_TO be_VBI approximately_RR 96.2%_FO and_CC the_AT total_JJ desalination_NN1 rate_NN1 was_VBDZ 2.83_MC mg/h_FU ._. 
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<s>
The_AT length_NN1 scale_NN1 of_IO SWM_NP1 (_( of_IO order_NN1 1_MC1 m_ZZ1 )_) is_VBZ referred_VVN to_II as_RG meso-scale_JJ ,_, compared_VVN to_II the_AT large_JJ scale_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 membrane_NN1 plant_NN1 ,_, or_CC part_NN1 thereof_RR ._. 
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<s>
In_BCL21 order_BCL22 to_TO evaluate_VVI the_AT feasibility_NN1 of_IO pretreatment_NN1 ,_, the_AT energy_NN1 cost_NN1 and_CC recession_NN1 of_IO solids_NN2 was_VBDZ taken_VVN into_II account_NN1 in_II the_AT present_JJ study_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
In_II the_AT control_NN1 treatment_NN1 ,_, numerous_JJ lateral_JJ roots_NN2 were_VBDR observed_VVN beyond_II limit_NN1 of_IO the_AT cortex_NN1 (_( Fig._NN1 5a_FO )_) ._. 
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<s>
However_RR ,_, the_AT Tgs_NP1 start_NN1 to_II plateau_NN1 after_II 48_MC h_ZZ1 ,_, indicating_VVG the_AT obtainment_NN1 of_IO molecular_JJ weights_NN2 approaching_VVG their_APPGE respective_JJ critical_JJ entanglement_NN1 molecular_JJ weights_NN2 (_( Mc_NNU =_FO 2Me_FO ;_; where_CS Me_PPIO1 is_VBZ the_AT entanglement_NN1 molecular_JJ weight_NN1 )_) ._. 
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<s>
The_AT decentralized_JJ wastewater_NN1 systems_NN2 in_II rural_JJ areas_NN2 was_VBDZ the_AT main_JJ topic_NN1 in_II four_MC other_JJ articles_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Water_NN1 desalination_NN1 has_VHZ become_VVN a_AT1 technologically_RR and_CC economically_RR viable_JJ solution_NN1 to_TO tackle_VVI the_AT challenges_NN2 associated_VVN with_IW increasing_JJ water_NN1 shortages_NN2 existing_VVG in_II many_DA2 regions_NN2 of_IO the_AT world_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
In_II fact_NN1 ,_, while_CS the_AT RTC_NP1 of_IO disinfectant_NN1 residuals_NN2 has_VHZ been_VBN considered_VVN in_II a_AT1 few_DA2 studies_NN2 (_( e._ZZ1 g._NNU ,_, Wang_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2006_MC ;_; Souza_NP1 and_CC Mohan_NP1 Kumar_NP1 ,_, 2018_MC )_) ,_, important_JJ issues_NN2 such_II21 as_II22 the_AT use_NN1 of_IO RTC_NP1 for_IF maneuvering_VVG isolation_NN1 valves_NN2 to_TO isolate_VVI DMAs_NN2 in_II the_AT case_NN1 of_IO contamination_NN1 events_NN2 have_VH0 been_VBN totally_RR overlooked_VVN ._. 
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<s>
The_AT reaction_NN1 products_NN2 deposited_VVN on_II the_AT electrodes_NN2 were_VBDR analyzed_VVN by_II scanning_VVG electronic_JJ microscopy_NN1 (_( SEM_NP1 )_) ,_, energy_NN1 dispersive_JJ X-ray_NN1 spectrometry_NN1 (_( EDS_NN2 )_) ,_, X-ray_NN1 diffraction_NN1 (_( XRD_NP1 )_) and_CC X-ray_NN1 photoelectron_NN1 spectroscopy_NN1 (_( XPS_NP1 )_) ._. 
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<s>
This_DD1 work_NN1 was_VBDZ supported_VVN by_II the_AT Adolphe_NP1 Merkle_NP1 Foundation_NN1 and_CC the_AT Grant_NP1 No._NN1 310030159847/1_MF to_II B._NP1 R.-R_NP1 ._. 
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<s>
We_PPIS2 thank_VV0 Dr._NNB Miguel_NP1 Spuch_NP1 for_IF the_AT illustrational_JJ work_NN1 of_IO the_AT TOC_NN1 art_NN1 graphic_NN1 and_CC Figure_NN1 3_MC ._. 
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<s>
The_AT drop_NN1 in_II DBAN_JJ concentration_NN1 in_II the_AT EC/PAC_NP1 samples_NN2 at_II very_RG high_JJ bromide_NN1 concentration_NN1 (_( greater_JJR than_CSN approximately_RR 500_MC mg/L_NNU )_) is_VBZ likely_JJ to_TO reflect_VVI bromide_NN1 addition_NN1 to_TO form_VVI tribromomethane_NN1 (_( Xie_NP1 ,_, 2004_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
In_II Scenario_NN1 B_ZZ1 ;_; we_PPIS2 assume_VV0 they_PPHS2 are_VBR used_VVN ;_; yielding_VVG two_MC NRB_NP1 components_NN2 (_( NRBbi_NP1 and_CC NRBb2_FO )_) :_: NRBbi_NP1 indicates_VVZ the_AT use_NN1 of_IO LCC_NP1 by-products_NN2 ;_; NRBB2_FO indicates_VVZ the_AT wood_NN1 harvested_VVN in_II31 excess_II32 of_II33 MAI_NP1 to_TO satisfy_VVI the_AT demand_NN1 that_CST remains_VVZ after_II accounting_VVG for_IF the_AT use_NN1 of_IO those_DD2 by-products_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
However_RR ,_, minimal_JJ fouling_NN1 was_VBDZ observed_VVN with_IW AA_NP1 due_II21 to_II22 its_APPGE hydrophilic_JJ nature_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
A_AT1 large_JJ fraction_NN1 of_IO uncertainty_NN1 on_II OM_NN1 composition_NN1 is_VBZ related_VVN to_II inherent_JJ problems_NN2 affecting_VVG its_APPGE analysis_NN1 such_II21 as_II22 (_( i_ZZ1 )_) low_JJ concentration_NN1 (_( e._ZZ1 g._NNU ,_, seawater_NN1 0.4_MC --_NN1 1_MC1 mg_NNU L-1_FO )_) :_: in_II water_NN1 with_IW a_AT1 much_RR higher_JJR amount_NN1 of_IO inorganic_JJ compounds_NN2 that_CST can_VM negatively_RR affect_VVI chemical_JJ analysis_NN1 or_CC the_AT low_JJ abundance_NN1 of_IO some_DD compounds_NN2 (_( Minor_JJ et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2014_MC ;_; Stubbins_NP1 and_CC Dittmar_NP1 ,_, 2014_MC )_) ;_; ii_MC )_) extreme_JJ diversity_NN1 and_CC heterogeneity_NN1 of_IO compounds_NN2 ,_, of_IO their_APPGE chemical_JJ properties_NN2 ,_, and_CC of_IO their_APPGE molecular_JJ weights_NN2 ,_, which_DDQ complicates_VVZ isolation_NN1 and_CC analysis_NN1 approaches_NN2 (_( Hertkorn_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2008_MC ;_; Sandron_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2015_MC )_) ;_; and_CC (_( iii_MC )_) the_AT difficulty_NN1 in_II extracting_VVG unbiased_JJ material_NN1 during_II isolation_NN1 or_CC concentration_NN1 processes_NN2 (_( Matilainen_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2011_MC ;_; Mopper_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2007_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
Generally_RR ,_, the_AT content_NN1 of_IO microplastics_NN1 was_VBDZ significantly_RR lower_JJR in_II treated_JJ compared_VVN to_II raw_JJ water_NN1 (_( by_II 83%_NNU on_II average_NN1 )_) ._. 
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<s>
Nonsettleable_JJ grit_NN1 from_II wastewater_JJR streams_NN2 is_VBZ an_AT1 important_JJ fraction_NN1 of_IO wastewater_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
This_DD1 phenomenon_NN1 may_VM be_VBI explained_VVN by_II the_AT notion_NN1 that_CST strong_JJ acid_NN1 conditions_NN2 prompt_VV0 FA_NP1 in_II soluble_JJ ingredients_NN2 to_TO dissolve_VVI ,_, in_II contrast_NN1 ,_, weak_JJ acid_NN1 or_CC base_NN1 conditions_NN2 have_VH0 limited_VVN leaching_VVG ability_NN1 towards_II Ti_NP1 ,_, Si_FW and_CC Fe_NP1 ._. 
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<s>
Notably_RR ,_, under_II severe_JJ salt_NN1 stress_NN1 (_( 300_MC mM_NNU NaCl_NN1 )_) ,_, APX_NP1 activity_NN1 was_VBDZ decreased_VVN by_II 27_MC %_NNU in_II salt-sensitive_JJ cultivar_NN1 ;_; however_RR ,_, its_APPGE activity_NN1 increased_VVN by_II 27_MC %_NNU in_II salt-tolerant_JJ cultivar_NN1 (_( Hasanuzzaman_NP1 et_RA21 al_RA22 ._. 
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<s>
2014b_FO )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Both_DB2 case_NN1 study_NN1 WWTPs_NP1 are_VBR tertiary_JJ treatment_NN1 plants_NN2 adopting_VVG complete_JJ mix_NN1 mesophilic_JJ digestion_NN1 to_TO treat_VVI SS_NP1 ._. 
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<s>
We_PPIS2 hypothesized_VVD Ulva_NP1 contains_VVZ conspecific_JJ settlement_NN1 cue(s)_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
However_RR ,_, DE_NP1 based_VVD ranking_VVG order_NN1 indicated_VVD the_AT following_JJ order_NN1 :_: hybrid_NN1 4_MC (_( 0.9703_MC $/m3_NNU )_) >_FO hybrid_NN1 1_MC1 (_( 0.9738_MC $/m3_NNU )_) >_FO hybrid_NN1 3_MC (_( 1.0124_MC $/m3_NNU )_) >_FO hybrid_NN1 2_MC (_( 1.0161_MC $/m3_NNU )_) >_FO hybrid_NN1 5_MC (_( 1.0209_MC $/m3_NNU )_) ._. 
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<s>
Additionally_RR ,_, it_PPH1 is_VBZ important_JJ to_TO distinguish_VVI between_II throughput_NN1 and_CC energy_NN1 consumption_NN1 ,_, as_CSA these_DD2 different_JJ desalination_NN1 aspects_NN2 often_RR trade_VV0 off_RP with_IW one_PPX121 another_PPX122 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT above_JJ ingredients_NN2 were_VBDR weighed_VVN appropriately_RR and_CC dissolved_VVN in_II 1_MC1 L_ZZ1 of_IO double_JJ distilled_JJ water_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT prepared_JJ samples_NN2 were_VBDR stirred_VVN by_II using_VVG magnetic_JJ stirrer_NN1 for_IF 15_MC min_NNU and_CC ultrasonicated_VVD for_IF 1_MC1 h_ZZ1 using_VVG ultrasonicator_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Forced_JJ changes_NN2 in_II this_DD1 thermodynamic_JJ scaling_NN1 are_VBR consistently_RR positive_JJ (_( mostly_RR between_II 4_MC and_CC 8%_NNU K-1_FO )_) and_CC spatially_RR relatively_RR homogeneous_JJ ,_, with_IW moderate_JJ regional_JJ amplification_NN1 in_II the_AT Northern_JJ Hemisphere_NN1 subtropics_NN2 and_CC at_II high_JJ latitudes_NN2 (_( Fig._NN1 3a_FO )_) ._. 
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<s>
By_II simple_JJ separation_NN1 ,_, the_AT diester_NN1 can_VM be_VBI obtained_VVN as_II a_AT1 biolubricant_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
With_IW irradiation_NN1 turned_VVD on_RP ,_, the_AT vibrations_NN2 of_IO nitrates_NN2 at_II 1259_MC ,_, 1631_MC and_CC 1683_MC cm-1_MC1 for_IF both_RR STO_NP1 and_CC SFTO-hyd_NN1 (_( x_ZZ1 =_FO 5%_NNU )_) show_VV0 no_AT significant_JJ changes_NN2 ,_, except_CS21 that_CS22 the_AT 1259_MC cm-1_MC1 band_NN1 becomes_VVZ stronger_JJR with_IW time_NNT1 ,_, suggesting_VVG that_DD1 light_NN1 promoted_VVN the_AT generation_NN1 of_IO nitrate_NN1 species_NN ._. 
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<s>
Several_DA2 investigators_NN2 reported_VVD that_CST the_AT Dsz_NP1 activity_NN1 in_II various_JJ bacteria_NN2 was_VBDZ completely_RR repressed_VVN by_II sulphate_NN1 or_CC other_JJ readily_RR bioavailable_JJ sulfur_NN1 sources_NN2 including_II methionine_NN1 ,_, cysteine_VV0 ,_, taurine_NN1 ,_, methanesulfonic_JJ acid_NN1 and_CC casamino_NN1 acids_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
In_II September_NPM1 to_II January_NPM1 there_EX was_VBDZ relatively_RR little_JJ change_NN1 in_II AOD_NP1 ._. 
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<s>
We_PPIS2 show_VV0 that_CST while_CS estimates_NN2 of_IO future_JJ global_JJ kilocalorie_NN1 demand_NN1 have_VH0 a_AT1 broad_JJ range_NN1 ,_, they_PPHS2 are_VBR not_XX consistently_RR dependent_JJ on_II model_NN1 complexity_NN1 or_CC form_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
According_II21 to_II22 Guillen-Burrieza_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, one_MC1 of_IO their_APPGE fouled_JJ PVDF_NP1 membranes_NN2 showed_VVD a_AT1 flux_NN1 from_II the_AT permeate_JJ side_NN1 to_II the_AT feed_NN1 side_NN1 ,_, until_CS a_AT1 minimum_JJ trans-membrane_JJ temperature_NN1 gradient_NN1 of_IO 10_MC °C_NNU was_VBDZ reached_VVN ,_, after_II which_DDQ a_AT1 positive_JJ flux_NN1 (_( from_II feed_NN1 to_II permeate_NN1 side_NN1 )_) was_VBDZ obtained_VVN ._. 
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<s>
Table_NN1 3_MC shows_VVZ the_AT input_NN1 data_NN for_IF economic_JJ evaluation_NN1 of_IO adopting_VVG optimal_JJ operational_JJ conditions_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT analysis_NN1 of_IO the_AT removal_NN1 of_IO heavy_JJ metals_NN2 (_( 63Cu_FO ,_, 66Zn_FO ,_, 111Cd_FO ,_, 121Sb_FO ,_, 208Pb_FO ,_, 55Mn_FO and_CC 56Fe_FO )_) from_II wastewater_NN1 in_II the_AT different_JJ MFC_NP1 types_NN2 offered_VVD removal_NN1 efficiencies_NN2 within_II the_AT interval_NN1 60-97%_FO for_IF most_DAT of_IO the_AT metals_NN2 studied_VVD ._. 
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<s>
Commonwealth_NP1 Avenue_NNL1 ,_, Boston_NP1 ,_, Massachusetts_NP1 02215_MC ,_, USA_NP1 ._. 
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<s>
These_DD2 data_NN suggest_VV0 the_AT potential_NN1 for_IF both_DB2 the_AT environmental_JJ persistence_NN1 and_CC transmission_NN1 of_IO the_AT enveloped_JJ Ebola_NN1 virus_NN1 ._. 
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Chlorine_NN1 can_VM deactivate_VVI microbes_NN2 by_II reacting_VVG with_IW organic_JJ components_NN2 within_II biofilms_NN2 (_( Oliveira_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2016_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
To_II this_DD1 end_NN1 ,_, a_AT1 GO_NN1 content_NN1 of_IO 0.005_MC wt%_FO ,_, a_AT1 POSS_NN1 concentration_NN1 of_IO 0.75_MC wt%_FO and_CC an_AT1 operating_NN1 pressure_NN1 of_IO 19.2_MC atm_NN1 were_VBDR calculated_VVN by_II BBD_NP1 method_NN1 to_TO maximize_VVI membrane_NN1 performance_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT distribution_NN1 of_IO TMs_NP1 along_II21 with_II22 the_AT soil_NN1 profile_NN1 primarily_RR depends_VVZ on_II the_AT weathering_NN1 susceptibility_NN1 of_IO their_APPGE initial_JJ host_NN1 minerals_NN2 ,_, although_CS climatic_JJ conditions_NN2 (_( i._MC e._ZZ1 ,_, humidity_NN1 ,_, rainfall_NN1 ,_, snowfall_NN1 ,_, and_CC temperature_NN1 )_) influence_VV0 the_AT soil_NN1 forming_VVG processes_NN2 (_( Caillaud_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2009_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
They_PPHS2 investigated_VVD two_MC types_NN2 of_IO spacer_NN1 geometries_NN2 ;_; i._MC e._ZZ1 diamond_NN1 and_CC submerged_VVN with_IW various_JJ filament_NN1 spacings_NN2 ,_, thickness_NN1 and_CC flow_NN1 attack_NN1 angles_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT removal_NN1 of_IO Tl_NP1 at_II alkaline_JJ conditions_NN2 could_VM mainly_RR be_VBI attributed_VVN to_II the_AT formation_NN1 of_IO insoluble_JJ hydroxide_NN1 products_NN2 of_IO Tl_NP1 &lsqb;_( such_II21 as_II22 TlOH_NP1 and_CC Tl(OH)3_FO &rsqb;_) (_( Laforte_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2005_MC )_) in_II relevant_JJ reactors_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Porous_JJ titanium_NN1 layers_NN2 (_( PTL_NP1 )_) were_VBDR produced_VVN by_II vacuum_NN1 plasma_NN1 spraying_VVG on_II mild_JJ steel_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
However_RR ,_, it_PPH1 is_VBZ challenging_VVG to_TO find_VVI a_AT1 suitable_JJ host_NN1 material_NN1 that_CST satisfactorily_RR possesses_VVZ rapid_JJ and_CC reversible_JJ ion_NN1 insertion_NN1 and_CC extraction_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Several_DA2 techniques_NN2 were_VBDR suggested_VVN to_TO decrease_VVI the_AT impact_NN1 of_IO ECP_NN1 such_II21 as_II22 increasing_VVG the_AT flow_NN1 rate_NN1 of_IO draw_NN1 and_CC feed_VV0 solution_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
These_DD2 declined_VVN zeta_NN1 potential_NN1 in_II the_AT e-CMBR_NP1 demonstrated_VVD that_CST the_AT suspended_JJ particles_NN2 preferred_VVD to_TO lose_VVI their_APPGE stability_NN1 ,_, and_CC tend_VVI to_TO form_VVI stable_JJ flocs_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
If_CS the_AT sorption_NN1 enthalpy_NN1 ,_, Hs_NP2 =_FO -20kJ-mol-1_MC1 and_CC the_AT temperature_NN1 is_VBZ increased_VVN to_II 325_MC K_ZZ1 ,_, then_RT the_AT PC_NN1 and_CC BTV10_FO will_VM be_VBI reduced_VVN by_II 50%_NNU (_( the_AT van_NN1 '_NULL t_ZZ1 Hoff_NP1 equation_NN1 )_) ._. 
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<s>
The_AT degradation_NN1 rate_NN1 of_IO lignin_NN1 achieved_VVN as_RG high_JJ as_CSA 43.3%_FO and_CC the_AT total_JJ weight_NN1 loss_NN1 was_VBDZ 13.3%_FO after_II 72_MC h_ZZ1 incubation_NN1 (_( Table_NN1 1_MC1 )_) ._. 
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<s>
Vr_NP1 ,_, G+1=_FO Xr3_FO ,_, g_ZZ1 +_FO F_ZZ1 (_( Xr1_NP1 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT calculated_JJ interaction_NN1 energies_NN2 between_II SMPs_NP2 and_CC membrane_NN1 surfaces_NN2 showed_VVD deviations_NN2 from_II that_DD1 seen_VVN for_IF ideal_JJ smooth_JJ surfaces_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Then_RT electrodes_NN2 were_VBDR carefully_RR rinsed_VVN with_IW ultrapure_NN1 H216O_FO water_NN1 and_CC treated_VVN in_II the_AT vacuum_NN1 at_II 100_MC °C_NNU during_II 2_MC hours_NNT2 to_TO ensure_VVI removal_NN1 of_IO physiosorbed_JJ H218O_FO from_II the_AT pores_NN2 of_IO material_NN1 ._. 
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Accordingly_RR ,_, both_DB2 the_AT elongation_NN1 and_CC the_AT tensile_JJ strength_NN1 was_VBDZ improved_VVN to_II some_DD extents_NN2 due_II21 to_II22 the_AT interfacial_JJ crosslinking_NN1 ,_, as_CSA shown_VVN in_II Fig._NN1 6(c)_FO ._. 
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<s>
Such_DA a_AT1 volume_NN1 variation_NN1 results_NN2 in_II severe_JJ pulverization_NN1 and_CC subsequent_JJ loss_NN1 of_IO electrical_JJ contact_NN1 within_II electrodes_NN2 ,_, consequently_RR greatly_RR decreasing_VVG the_AT cycle_NN1 life_NN1 and_CC the_AT rate_NN1 capability_NN1 of_IO electrodes_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Therefore_RR ,_, gela-tors_NN2 applied_VVN in_II powder_NN1 form_NN1 would_VM be_VBI a_AT1 superior_JJ option_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Fig._NN1 3_MC shows_VVZ a_AT1 heat_NN1 map_NN1 of_IO the_AT yearly_JJ number_NN1 of_IO cars_NN2 in_II circulation_NN1 belonging_VVG to_II a_AT1 certain_JJ model_NN1 year_NNT1 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT proposed_JJ protocol_NN1 can_VM be_VBI used_VVN to_TO perform_VVI these_DD2 studies_NN2 ;_; the_AT quality_NN1 assessment_NN1 system_NN1 can_VM be_VBI applied_VVN to_TO control_VVI the_AT quality_NN1 of_IO these_DD2 data_NN and_CC enable_VV0 an_AT1 easier_JJR comparison_NN1 of_IO studies_NN2 to_TO move_VVI toward_II standardization_NN1 and_CC reliability_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Newer_JJR ,_, multiwavelength_NN1 fluorometers_NN2 ,_, however_RR ,_, enable_VV0 construction_NN1 of_IO fluorescence_NN1 --_NN1 excitation_NN1 spectra_NN2 for_IF any_DD given_JJ sample_NN1 ,_, allowing_VVG for_IF correction_NN1 factors_NN2 to_TO be_VBI generated_VVN and_CC applied_VVN with_IW relative_JJ ease_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT generally_RR low_JJ power_NN1 density_NN1 (_( <_FO 1_MC1 W/m2_FU )_) obtained_VVD in_II these_DD2 existing_JJ pilot_NN1 studies_NN2 highlight_VV0 the_AT critical_JJ need_NN1 to_TO develop_VVI novel_JJ RED_JJ membranes_NN2 with_IW greatly_RR improved_JJ power_NN1 performance_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT hydrothermal_JJ treatment_NN1 converts_VVZ TiO2_FO into_II tubular_JJ ,_, multilayered_VVD titanate_JJ nanotubes_NN2 ,_, allowing_VVG for_IF incorporation_NN1 Co(II)_NN1 ions_NN2 on_II the_AT matrices_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Offer_VV0 et_RA21 al_RA22 ._. 
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<s>
demonstrated_VVN that_CST plug-in_JJ hybrid_JJ electric_JJ vehicles_NN2 (_( PHEVs_NP2 )_) and_CC battery_NN1 electric_JJ vehicles_NN2 (_( BEVs_NP2 )_) have_VH0 much_RR lower_JJR life-cycle_NN1 costs_NN2 and_CC emissions_NN2 compared_VVN to_II fuel_NN1 cells_NN2 or_CC internal_JJ combustion_NN1 engines_NN2 vehicles_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Nadejde_NP1 et_RA21 al_RA22 ._. 
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<s>
used_JJ Fe0_FO to_TO treat_VVI Reactive_JJ Black_JJ 5_MC and_CC Reactive_JJ Yellow_JJ 84_MC azo_NN1 dyes_NN2 ;_; when_RRQ WMF_NP1 was_VBDZ added_VVN during_II the_AT reaction_NN1 ,_, 99.7%_FO dye_NN1 could_VM be_VBI removed_VVN ._. 
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<s>
Being_VBG a_AT1 reductant_NN1 itself_PPX1 sulfur_NN1 di_FW oxide_NN1 gas_NN1 was_VBDZ exploited_VVN to_TO break_VVI oxide_NN1 matrix_NN1 of_IO lateritic_JJ ore_NN1 and_CC also_RR sulfur_NN1 di_FW oxide_NN1 gas_NN1 helped_VVD to_TO dissolve_VVI the_AT reduced_JJ metal_NN1 in_II acidic_JJ medium_NN1 that_CST it_PPH1 provides_VVZ in_II solution_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
This_DD1 process_NN1 is_VBZ dependent_JJ on_II the_AT characteristics_NN2 of_IO the_AT solid_JJ phase_NN1 as_II31 well_II32 as_II33 the_AT interacting_JJ metal_NN1 ion_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
As_CSA expected_VVN ,_, microbial_JJ community_NN1 structure_NN1 changed_VVD greatly_RR under_RG different_JJ initial_JJ microbial_JJ proportions_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT total_JJ flow_NN1 rate_NN1 and_CC average_JJ residence_NN1 time_NNT1 in_II the_AT reactor_NN1 were_VBDR 0.6_MC lpm_NNU and_CC 55_MC min_NNU ,_, respectively_RR ._. 
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<s>
Interestingly_RR ,_, because_II21 of_II22 the_AT concomitant_JJ considerable_JJ increase_NN1 of_IO both_RR biomass_NN1 and_CC DHA_NP1 percentage_NN1 ,_, a_AT1 final_JJ DHA_NN1 yield_NN1 of_IO 34.66_MC g/L_NNU was_VBDZ obtained_VVN in_II the_AT presence_NN1 of_IO 9_MC g/L_NNU ascorbic_JJ acid_NN1 ,_, which_DDQ was_VBDZ significantly_RR 30.44%_FO higher_RRR than_CSN that_DD1 of_IO the_AT control_NN1 cultures_NN2 (_( Fig._NN1 2b_FO )_) ._. 
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<s>
Supplementary_JJ data_NN to_II this_DD1 article_NN1 can_VM be_VBI found_VVN online_RR at_II https_NNU :_: //_VV0 doi.org/10.1016/j_FU ._. 
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<s>
Furthermore_RR ;_; the_AT autoradiography_NN1 images_NN2 of_IO the_AT control_NN1 lettuce_NN1 seedlings_NN2 (_( and_CC additional_JJ control_NN1 duckweed_NN1 )_) appear_VV0 to_TO have_VHI a_AT1 more_RGR uniform_JJ uptake_NN1 throughout_II the_AT plant_NN1 that_CST correlated_VVD to_II higher_JJR amounts_NN2 of_IO activity_NN1 ,_, most_RGT notably_RR in_II the_AT cotyledon_NN1 (_( S10_FO )_) ._. 
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<s>
The_AT intermediaries_NN2 usually_RR offer_VV0 loans_NN2 and_CC investigate_VV0 the_AT applications_NN2 very_RG carefully_RR to_TO ensure_VVI repayment_NN1 ability_NN1 while_CS they_PPHS2 can_VM not_XX offer_VVI attractive_JJ support_NN1 to_II the_AT companies_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
In_II previous_JJ study_NN1 ,_, anaerobic_JJ co-digestion_NN1 of_IO SBB_NP1 with_IW pig_NN1 manure_NN1 (_( PM_NP1 )_) was_VBDZ carried_VVN out_RP successfully_RR (_( Aboudi_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2015b_FO )_) ._. 
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February_NPM1 16_MC ,_, 2015_MC was_VBDZ a_AT1 sunny_JJ day_NNT1 (_( with_IW very_RG little_DA1 cloudiness_NN1 and_CC little_JJ wind_NN1 )_) with_IW an_AT1 incidence_NN1 of_IO 19.93_MC MJ/m2_NN1 of_IO solar_JJ energy_NN1 over_II the_AT course_NN1 of_IO the_AT day_NNT1 ,_, during_II which_DDQ 4040_MC cm3_FO of_IO desalinated_JJ water_NN1 was_VBDZ obtained_VVN ._. 
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<s>
The_AT output_NN1 from_II such_DA a_AT1 monitoring_NN1 regime_NN1 will_VM support_VVI decisions_NN2 of_IO policy_NN1 makers_NN2 ,_, allowing_VVG them_PPHO2 to_TO assess_VVI the_AT impacts_NN2 of_IO increased_JJ industrial_JJ activities_NN2 and_CC pressures_NN2 on_II deep-sea_JJ ecosystems_NN2 (_( e._ZZ1 g._NNU ,_, oil_NN1 or_CC gas_NN1 extraction_NN1 and_CC mining_NN1 or_CC trawl_VV0 fishing_NN1 )_) ,_, including_II a_AT1 better_JJR assessment_NN1 of_IO already_RR evident_JJ but_CCB poorly_RR quantified_VVN climate_NN1 change_NN1 impacts_NN2 at_II great_JJ depths_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Therefore_RR ,_, the_AT pseudo-first-order_JJ kinetic_JJ equation_NN1 was_VBDZ used_VVN in_BCL21 order_BCL22 to_TO determine_VVI the_AT degradation_NN1 behaviour_NN1 of_IO p-methylphenol_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Two_MC 24-h_MC off-gas_JJ tests_NN2 were_VBDR carried_VVN out_RP at_II WRRF1_FO (_( Leu_NNU1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2009_MC )_) and_CC WRRF3_FO (_( sampling_VVG campaign_NN1 ,_, 2016_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
It_PPH1 is_VBZ observed_VVN however_RRQV that_CST the_AT precipitation_NN1 percentage_NN1 deviations_NN2 ,_, over_II the_AT deforested_JJ area_NN1 ,_, estimated_VVD using_VVG PERSIANN_NN1 precipitation_NN1 data_NN are_VBR usually_RR smaller_JJR in_II magnitude_NN1 than_CSN the_AT corresponding_JJ TRMM_NP1 percentage_NN1 deviations_NN2 (_( Supplementary_JJ Fig._NN1 3g_NNU and_CC i_ZZ1 )_) indicating_VVG the_AT smearing_NN1 of_IO the_AT precipitation_NN1 area_NN1 in_II PERSIANN_NN1 mentioned_VVN above_RL ._. 
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The_AT optimization_NN1 layout_NN1 considering_II total_JJ cost_NN1 is_VBZ illustrated_VVN in_II Fig._NN1 4_MC ._. 
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<s>
Other_JJ sample_NN1 intermediaries_NN2 ,_, who_PNQS do_VD0 not_XX employ_VVI in-house_JJ industrial_JJ designers_NN2 ,_, direct_JJ companies_NN2 to_II third_MD parties_NN2 ,_, if_CS they_PPHS2 need_VV0 design_NN1 services_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Nanofiltration_NP1 (_( NF_NP1 )_) membranes_NN2 have_VH0 come_VVN a_AT1 long_JJ way_NN1 since_CS it_PPH1 was_VBDZ first_MD recognized_VVN in_II the_AT late_JJ 80_MC '_NULL s_ZZ1 ._. 
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<s>
They_PPHS2 concluded_VVD that_CST at_II 0.5%_FO pulp_NN1 density_NN1 of_IO pretreated_JJ electronic_JJ scrap_NN1 mutated_VVD bacteria_NN2 recovered_VVN 22.5%_FO gold_NN1 at_II pH_NN1 9.5_MC ._. 
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<s>
However_RR ,_, other_JJ studies_NN2 have_VH0 shown_VVN that_CST anaerobic_JJ co-digestion_NN1 of_IO several_DA2 types_NN2 of_IO organic_JJ waste_NN1 improves_VVZ the_AT production_NN1 and_CC the_AT quality_NN1 of_IO biogas_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Among_II those_DD2 ,_, lipids_NN2 have_VH0 the_AT highest_JJT potential_NN1 as_CSA molecular_JJ markers_NN2 for_IF marine_JJ (_( Berge_NP1 and_CC Barnathan_NP1 ,_, 2005_MC ;_; Christodoulou_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2009_MC ;_; Prahl_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 1994_MC ;_; Volkman_NP1 ,_, 1986_MC )_) ,_, coastal_JJ (_( Canuel_NP1 ,_, 2001_MC ;_; Wakeham_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2002_MC ;_; Wakeham_NP1 and_CC Beier_NP1 ,_, 1991_MC ;_; Yoshinaga_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2008_MC )_) ,_, estuarine_JJ systems_NN2 (_( Carreira_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2011_MC ;_; Hall_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2006_MC ;_; Laurcillard_NP1 and_CC Saliot_NP1 ,_, 1993_MC ;_; Mudge_NP1 and_CC Norris_NP1 ,_, 1997_MC ;_; Zimmerman_NP1 and_CC Canuel_NP1 ,_, 2001_MC )_) ,_, and_CC inland_JJ environments_NN2 (_( Derrien_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2015_MC ;_; Jaffe_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 1995_MC ;_; Jandl_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2005_MC ;_; Pisani_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2013_MC )_) ,_, covering_VVG diverse_JJ OM_NN1 sources_NN2 (_( e._ZZ1 g._NNU ,_, allochthonous_JJ ,_, autochthonous_JJ sources_NN2 and_CC anthropogenic_JJ inputs_NN2 )_) (_( Derrien_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2015_MC ;_; Zimmerman_NP1 and_CC Canuel_NP1 ,_, 2001_MC )_) ,_, due_II21 to_II22 the_AT characteristics_NN2 of_IO ubiquity_NN1 ,_, diagenetic_JJ and_CC chemical_JJ stability_NN1 ,_, and_CC their_APPGE extreme_JJ structural_JJ diversity_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT intensity_NN1 is_VBZ instantly_RR self-adjusted_JJ through_II the_AT gradient_NN1 of_IO y_ZZ1 and_CC always_RR reaches_VVZ a_AT1 state_NN1 of_IO electrochemical_JJ equilibrium_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
This_DD1 material_NN1 is_VBZ available_JJ free_JJ of_IO charge_NN1 via_II the_AT Internet_NN1 at_II http_NNU :_: //pubs_FU ._. 
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<s>
One_MC1 of_IO the_AT most_RGT important_JJ changes_NN2 to_TO make_VVI in_II this_DD1 direction_NN1 is_VBZ to_TO consider_VVI no_RR21 longer_RR22 the_AT mass_NN1 of_IO the_AT substance_NN1 ,_, but_CCB the_AT particle_NN1 number_NN1 and_CC the_AT aggregation_NN1 state_NN1 (_( Gottschalk_NP1 et_RA21 al_RA22 ._. 
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<s>
2013a_FO )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
From_II the_AT experimental_JJ data_NN of_IO seawater_NN1 desalination_NN1 on_II a_AT1 flake_NN1 ice_NN1 maker_NN1 in_II &lsqb;_( 19_MC &rsqb;_) shown_VVN in_II Fig._NN1 15_MC ,_, it_PPH1 is_VBZ clear_JJ that_CST the_AT higher_JJR the_AT refrigerant_JJ temperature_NN1 is_VBZ ,_, the_AT lower_JJR the_AT specific_JJ gravity_NN1 of_IO ice-melt_JJ water_NN1 will_VM be_VBI ._. 
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<s>
Future_JJ research_NN1 evaluating_VVG tradeoffs_NN2 between_II GHG_NP1 emissions_NN2 and_CC food_NN1 security_NN1 should_VM consider_VVI not_XX only_RR food_NN1 production_NN1 ,_, but_CCB also_RR the_AT nutritional_JJ value_NN1 of_IO food23_FO ._. 
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<s>
This_DD1 was_VBDZ indeed_RR observed_VVN in_II a_AT1 study_NN1 by_II He_PPHS1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, whom_PNQO formulated_VVD a_AT1 model_NN1 to_TO account_VVI for_IF changes_NN2 in_II surface_NN1 area_NN1 due_II21 to_II22 agglomeration_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Our_APPGE study_NN1 found_VVD that_CST the_AT number_NN1 of_IO publications_NN2 in_II NIHL_NP1 research_NN1 has_VHZ been_VBN slowly_RR increasing_VVG over_II the_AT past_JJ decade_NNT1 ._. 
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There_EX was_VBDZ significant_JJ correlation_NN1 between_II Cu_FO and_CC Pb_FO (_( R_ZZ1 =_FO 0.70_MC )_) ._. 
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A_AT1 limitation_NN1 of_IO the_AT survey_NN1 is_VBZ the_AT narrow_JJ geographic_JJ distribution_NN1 of_IO respondents_NN2 ._. 
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So_RR it_PPH1 is_VBZ important_JJ to_TO clarify_VVI the_AT metabolic_JJ mechanism_NN1 of_IO denitrifiers_NN2 and_CC ammonifiers_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Given_VVN the_AT UAE_NP1 tariff_NN1 structure_NN1 is_VBZ complicated_JJ (_( Sustainable_JJ Development_NN1 in_II Practice_NN1 ,_, 2012_MC ;_; Vine_NN1 and_CC Al_NP1 Abed_RL ,_, 2001_MC ;_; United_NP1 Arab_NP1 Emirates_NP1 ,_, 2015_MC ;_; Seven_MC Year_NNT1 Electricity_NN1 Planning_NN1 ,_, 2013_MC ;_; Statement_NN1 of_IO Future_JJ Capacity_NN1 ,_, 2008_MC ;_; Al_NP1 Jasmi_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2015_MC ;_; Al_NP1 Abd_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2015_MC ;_; The_AT Report_NN1 ,_, 2014_MC ;_; Nuclear_JJ Power_NN1 ,_, 2014_MC ;_; Chateau_NN1 and_CC Lapillonne_NP1 ,_, 1982_MC )_) and_CC based_VVN on_II the_AT power_NN1 plant_NN1 geographical_JJ location_NN1 per_II emirate_NN1 per_II subsidy_NN1 structure_NN1 ,_, as_CSA shown_VVN in_II Table_NN1 3_MC ,_, but_CCB the_AT savings_NN2 over_II the_AT entire_JJ energy-value_JJ chain_NN1 for_IF the_AT country_NN1 is_VBZ decisively_RR noticeable_JJ ._. 
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Continuing_JJ OPFR_NN1 biomonitoring_VVG efforts_NN2 will_VM help_VVI define_VVI trends_NN2 regarding_II human_JJ exposure_NN1 to_II OPFRs_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Fig._NN1 1_MC1 shows_VVZ that_CST after_II 1991_MC ,_, the_AT number_NN1 of_IO publications_NN2 rose_VVD significantly_RR ._. 
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<s>
The_AT relative_JJ abundances_NN2 of_IO Nitrosomonas_NP2 and_CC Nitrospira_NP1 ,_, which_DDQ were_VBDR the_AT typical_JJ AOB_NN1 and_CC NOB_VV0 respectively_RR for_IF conventional_JJ autotrophic_JJ nitrification_NN1 ,_, were_VBDR 0.56%_FO and_CC 1.17%_FO in_II seed_NN1 sludge_NN1 (_( Fig._NN1 6a_FO )_) ._. 
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<s>
It_PPH1 is_VBZ therefore_RR desirable_JJ to_TO formulate_VVI a_AT1 method_NN1 for_IF determining_VVG the_AT performance_NN1 parameters_NN2 of_IO FO_NP1 membranes_NN2 that_CST evaluates_VVZ membrane_NN1 performance_NN1 under_II representative_JJ driving_JJ force_NN1 and_CC operating_VVG conditions_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Third_MD ,_, the_AT individual_NN1 incorporates_VVZ the_AT new_JJ information_NN1 with_IW the_AT prior_JJ belief_NN1 to_TO form_VVI an_AT1 updated_JJ (_( posterior_NN1 )_) belief_NN1 ,_, (_( p_ZZ1 |_NULL x_ZZ1 )_) ._. 
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<s>
For_IF a_AT1 similar_JJ configuration_NN1 ,_, average_JJ bubble_NN1 diameter_NN1 after_II gas_NN1 pocket_NN1 removal_NN1 from_II the_AT analysis_NN1 is_VBZ 2.4_MC and_CC 2.5_MC cm_NNU for_IF experimental_JJ and_CC simulated_JJ results_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT reaction_NN1 was_VBDZ conducted_VVN at_II three_MC different_JJ molar_JJ ratios_NN2 of_IO &lsqb;_( monomers_NN2 &rsqb;_) /_FO &lsqb;_( initiator_NN1 &rsqb;_) /_FO &lsqb;_( FeCl2_FO &rsqb;_) /_FO &lsqb;_( SA_NP1 &rsqb;_) ,_, i._MC e._ZZ1 (_( 100:1:1:1_MC )_) ,_, (_( 100:1:1:2_MC )_) and_CC (_( 100:1:1:4_MC )_) respectively_RR ._. 
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<s>
The_AT residual_JJ chloride_NN1 content_NN1 was_VBDZ confirmed_VVN to_TO be_VBI negligibly_RR low_JJ by_II adding_VVG AgNO3_FO to_II the_AT last_MD water_NN1 phase_NN1 and_CC observing_VVG that_CST no_AT AgCl_NP1 precipitated_VVD ._. 
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SEM_NP1 images_NN2 of_IO modified_JJ membranes_NN2 (_( a_ZZ1 )_) top_JJ surface_NN1 (_( b-f_ZZ1 )_) cross_VV0 sectional_JJ ._. 
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<s>
The_AT histological_JJ and_CC morphological_JJ changes_NN2 caused_VVN by_II BPA_NP1 are_VBR similar_JJ to_II known_JJ risk_NN1 factors_NN2 for_IF mammary_JJ cancer_NN1 in_II human_NN1 (_( Vandenberg_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2009_MC )_) ,_, while_CS malignant_JJ tumor_NN1 progressions_NN2 are_VBR observed_VVN in_II in_JJ21 vitro_JJ22 and_CC in_JJ21 vivo_JJ22 models_NN2 (_( Dairkee_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2008_MC ;_; Hwang_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2013_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
In_II contrast_NN1 to_II winter_NNT1 ,_, the_AT daytime_NNT1 correlations_NN2 between_II Gns_NNU2 and_CC RH_FO during_II the_AT late_JJ spring_NN1 and_CC summer_NNT1 tend_VV0 to_TO be_VBI negative_JJ ,_, implying_VVG a_AT1 dominant_JJ role_NN1 for_IF BVOC_NN1 emission_NN1 ,_, rather_II21 than_II22 surface_NN1 wetness_NN1 ,_, during_II the_AT day_NNT1 in_II the_AT late_JJ spring_NN1 and_CC summer_NNT1 ._. 
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This_DD1 ,_, in_II turn_NN1 ,_, helps_VVZ to_TO prevent_VVI the_AT severe_JJ organic_JJ fouling_NN1 that_CST takes_VVZ place_NN1 under_II acidic_JJ conditions_NN2 ._. 
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Transparent_JJ polyethylene_NN1 was_VBDZ used_VVN as_II the_AT cover_NN1 on_II all_DB the_AT still_JJ ._. 
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The_AT daytime_NNT1 respiration_NN1 flux_NN1 was_VBDZ evaluated_VVN by_II assuming_VVG that_CST the_AT nighttime_NNT1 measured_VVN CO2_FO flux_NN1 represents_VVZ solely_RR the_AT respiration_NN1 flux_NN1 ,_, and_CC extrapolating_VVG it_PPH1 to_II daytime_NNT1 (_( Reichstein_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2005_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
Compared_VVN with_IW those_DD2 AScs_NP2 ,_, such_II21 as_II22 AC//MnCo2O4@Ni(OH)2,41_NN1 graphene/CF//_NN1 MnOz/CF_VV0 ,_, Bi2O3MnO2-ASc_NP1 ,_, aMEGO//AGMn20_NN1 and_CC NiCo2,4@_FO PPy-50//AC_NN1 ,_, the_AT PmEm_NN1 curve_NN1 of_IO our_APPGE as-prepared_JJ ASc_NP1 was_VBDZ entirely_RR in_II the_AT top_JJ right_JJ corner_NN1 of_IO the_AT Ragone_NN1 plot_NN1 (_( Fig._NN1 6_MC )_) ,_, which_DDQ confirmed_VVD the_AT superior_JJ energy_NN1 storage_NN1 ability_NN1 of_IO our_APPGE ASc_NN1 sample_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Further_RRR to_II this_DD1 ,_, the_AT importance_NN1 of_IO cleaning_NN1 and_CC personal_JJ hygiene_NN1 is_VBZ considered_VVN ,_, as_II31 well_II32 as_II33 the_AT potential_JJ impact_NN1 of_IO future_JJ policy_NN1 and_CC legislation_NN1 strategy_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
These_DD2 30_MC compounds_NN2 represent_VV0 a_AT1 wide_JJ variety_NN1 of_IO drug_NN1 classes_NN2 and_CC origins_NN2 ._. 
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If_CS we_PPIS2 assume_VV0 there_EX are_VBR inhibitory_JJ substances_NN2 present_VV0 from_II environmental_JJ samples_NN2 ,_, we_PPIS2 can_VM also_RR assume_VVI that_CST the_AT controls_NN2 may_VM have_VHI been_VBN affected_VVN by_II the_AT inhibitory_JJ substances_NN2 in_II the_AT same_DA manner_NN1 as_CSA the_AT target_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
This_DD1 trend_NN1 in_II oxidation_NN1 potential_NN1 is_VBZ consistent_JJ with_IW the_AT increasing_JJ adiabatic_JJ ionization_NN1 potentials_NN2 (_( IPs_NP2 ,_, Table_NN1 2_MC )_) from_II EPT_NN1 to_II MEPT/MEEPT_NN1 ,_, determined_VVN at_II the_AT B3LYP/6-311G_NN1 (_( d_ZZ1 ,_, p_ZZ1 )_) level_NN1 of_IO theory_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Sb_NP1 nanorod_NN1 arrays_NN2 were_VBDR used_VVN as_CSA anodes_NN2 without_IW any_DD additives_NN2 of_IO conductive_JJ carbon_NN1 and_CC binder_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT revealed_JJ perspective_NN1 on_II the_AT need_NN1 for_IF a_AT1 ZCB_NP1 policy_NN1 for_IF Hong_NP1 Kong_NP1 was_VBDZ verified_VVN through_II the_AT interviews_NN2 and_CC focus_VV0 group_NN1 meetings_NN2 that_CST Hong_NP1 Kong_NP1 should_VM initiate_VVI a_AT1 ZCB_NP1 policy_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
However_RR ,_, such_DA a_AT1 small_JJ HOMO_NN1 offset_VVD usually_RR leads_VVZ to_II inferior_JJ charge_NN1 separation_NN1 ,_, thus_RR lowering_VVG the_AT overall_JJ efficiency_NN1 in_II these_DD2 devices_NN2 ._. 
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The_AT reactor_NN1 reached_VVD each_DD1 temperature_NN1 setpoint_NN1 in_II 10_MC minutes_NNT2 from_II the_AT previous_JJ temperature_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT symptoms_NN2 caused_VVN by_II PAEs_NP2 in_II aquatic_JJ organisms_NN2 were_VBDR death_NN1 ,_, tail_NN1 curvature_NN1 ,_, necrosis_NN1 ,_, cardio_NN1 edema_NN1 ,_, and_CC no_AT touch_NN1 response_NN1 ._. 
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The_AT solid_JJ Cr(VI)_NN1 measured_VVN in_II this_DD1 soil_NN1 sample_NN1 was_VBDZ 1_MC1 mg/kg_NNU (_( Table_NN1 3_MC )_) ,_, which_DDQ corresponds_VVZ to_II 100_MC j-cg/L_FU of_IO dissolved_JJ Cr(VI)_NN1 for_IF employed_JJ L_ZZ1 :_: S_ZZ1 ratio_NN1 of_IO 10_MC ._. 
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<s>
The_AT O3_FO concentration_NN1 in_II the_AT ozone_NN1 generator_NN1 influent_JJ was_VBDZ measured_VVN via_II potassium_NN1 iodide_NN1 absorption_NN1 followed_VVN by_II sodium_NN1 thiosulfate_NN1 titration_NN1 &lsqb;_( 35_MC &rsqb;_) ._. 
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<s>
An_AT1 earlier_JJR modelling_NN1 effort_NN1 ,_, constrained_VVN by_II measurements_NN2 of_IO LAP_NN1 content_NN1 in_II northern_JJ China44_FO ,_, estimated_VVD mean_JJ surface_NN1 RF_NP1 by_II BC_NP1 in_II snow_NN1 to_TO be_VBI 1.4_MC W_ZZ1 m-2_FO in_II the_AT spring_NN1 ,_, with_IW maximum_JJ RF_NP1 over_II the_AT region_NN1 reaching_VVG 5-10_MCMC W_NNU m-2_FO ,_, averaged_VVN for_IF when_RRQ snow_NN1 is_VBZ present45_FO ._. 
</s>
<s>
This_DD1 may_VM be_VBI the_AT case_NN1 when_CS the_AT NOx_NN1 and_CC SO2_FO plume_NN1 mixing_NN1 ratios_NN2 at_II the_AT measurement_NN1 point_NN1 fall_NN1 within_II their_APPGE background_NN1 mixing_NN1 ratios_NN2 ,_, while_CS their_APPGE mixing_NN1 ratios_NN2 at_II a_AT1 higher_JJR elevation_NN1 ,_, closer_RRR to_II the_AT plume_NN1 centerline_NN1 ,_, are_VBR much_RR higher_JJR ._. 
</s>
<s>
Lu_NN1 and_CC his_APPGE coworkers_NN2 successfully_RR constructed_VVN a_AT1 Li3PS4_FO based_VVN protective_JJ layer_NN1 on_II the_AT lithium_NN1 anode_NN1 surface_NN1 via_II a_AT1 spontaneous_JJ and_CC rapid_JJ reaction_NN1 between_II Li_NP1 metal_NN1 and_CC THF_NP1 solution_NN1 mixed_VVN with_IW P2S5/S_NP1 ._. 
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<s>
Admirably_RR ,_, the_AT protective_JJ layer_NN1 showed_VVD excellent_JJ stability_NN1 and_CC outstanding_JJ compatibility_NN1 against_II electrolyte_NN1 components_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
We_PPIS2 observed_VVD similar_JJ amounts_NN2 in_II lettuce_NN1 cotyledons_NN2 for_IF the_AT 24_MC h_ZZ1 uptake_NN1 period_NN1 with_IW the_AT accumulation_NN1 of_IO 10_MC being_VBG 1.4_MC g/g_NNU and_CC 11_MC being_VBG 0.7_MC g/g_NNU ._. 
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<s>
Obviously_RR ,_, a_AT1 significant_JJ increase_NN1 in_II CH4_FO yield_NN1 could_VM be_VBI seen_VVN at_II higher_JJR temperature_NN1 ,_, demonstrating_VVG higher_JJR CO2_FO photoreduction_NN1 rate_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
In_II human_JJ placenta_NN1 and_CC first_MD clippings_NN2 of_IO infant_NN1 toenails_NN2 ,_, concentrations_NN2 of_IO metals_NN2 (_( Cd_NN1 ,_, Pb_FO ,_, Mn_FO ,_, Hg_FO and_CC As_II )_) were_VBDR also_RR found_VVN to_TO be_VBI directly_RR associated_VVN with_IW higher_JJR DNA_NN1 methylation_NN1 of_IO the_AT GR_NP1 gene_NN1 (_( Appleton_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2017_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
Our_APPGE results_NN2 are_VBR in_II agreement_NN1 with_IW those_DD2 of_IO Shirmohammadi_NP1 et_RA21 al_RA22 ._. 
</s>
<s>
(_( 2017_MC )_) who_PNQS evaluated_VVD the_AT impact_NN1 of_IO emissions_NN2 from_II LAX_JJ and_CC freeways_NN2 at_II the_AT local_JJ (_( i._MC e._ZZ1 ,_, within_II the_AT zone_NN1 of_IO impact_NN1 of_IO LAX_JJ )_) and_CC regional_JJ (_( i._MC e._ZZ1 ,_, the_AT whole_JJ Los_NP1 Angeles_NP1 County_NN1 )_) scales_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT effect_NN1 of_IO RTIL_NN1 ions_NN2 on_II the_AT propensity_NN1 of_IO proteins_NN2 to_TO aggregate_VVI into_II amyloids_NN2 could_VM be_VBI seen_VVN as_II part_NN1 of_IO the_AT general_JJ discussion_NN1 of_IO of_IO proteins_NN2 and_CC peptides_NN2 by_II organic_JJ ionic_JJ liquids_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Days_NNT2 are_VBR subdivided_VVN into_II three_MC periods_NN2 of_IO variable_JJ length_NN1 :_: pre-operation_NN1 (_( from_II midnight_NNT1 to_II the_AT start_NN1 of_IO the_AT operating_NN1 period_NN1 )_) ,_, operation_NN1 ,_, and_CC post-operation_NN1 (_( from_II the_AT end_NN1 of_IO the_AT operating_NN1 period_NN1 to_II midnight_NNT1 )_) ._. 
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<s>
The_AT disintegration_NN1 of_IO certain_JJ products_NN2 can_VM be_VBI improved_VVN while_CS favorable_JJ environmental_JJ conditions_NN2 are_VBR provided_VVN ._. 
</s>
<s>
Other_JJ desirable_JJ properties_NN2 ozone_NN1 presents_VVZ for_IF its_APPGE use_NN1 in_II water_NN1 treatment_NN1 are_VBR the_AT fact_NN1 that_CST it_PPH1 is_VBZ readily_RR available_JJ ,_, soluble_JJ in_II water_NN1 ,_, and_CC generally_RR leads_VVZ to_II more_RGR bio-degradable_JJ by-products_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Roy_NP1 et_RA21 al_RA22 ._. 
</s>
<s>
has_VHZ made_VVN available_JJ a_AT1 free_JJ program_NN1 for_IF integrating_VVG multiple_JJ models_NN2 in_II three_MC possible_JJ ways_NN2 ,_, from_II all_DB the_AT predictions_NN2 ,_, or_CC the_AT weighted_JJ predictions_NN2 ,_, or_CC selecting_VVG the_AT best_JJT (_( Roy_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2018_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
FezOa_NN1 composite_NN1 was_VBDZ dye_NN1 sensitized_VVD and_CC used_VVD as_RG thin_JJ film_NN1 electrode_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
For_REX21 instance_REX22 ,_, in_RR21 vitro_RR22 bioassays_VVZ usually_RR do_VD0 not_XX cover_VVI toxicokinetic_JJ processes_NN2 (_( i._MC e._ZZ1 ,_, detoxification_NN1 ,_, metabolic_JJ activation_NN1 )_) ,_, as_II31 well_II32 as_II33 tissueor_NN1 organ-specific_JJ effects_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Li_NP1 carbonate_NN1 (_( Li2CO3_FO )_) is_VBZ used_VVN as_II the_AT raw_JJ material_NN1 for_IF Li_NP1 ion_NN1 batteries_NN2 and_CC similar_JJ products_NN2 ,_, and_CC Li2CO3_FO is_VBZ known_VVN to_TO be_VBI easily_RR handled_VVN ._. 
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<s>
Simultaneously_RR ,_, at_II the_AT commercial_JJ level_NN1 ,_, several_DA2 companies_NN2 such_II21 as_II22 Porifera_NP1 Inc._JJ and_CC Aquaporin_NP1 A/S_ZZ1 are_VBR introducing_VVG osmotic_JJ membranes_NN2 ,_, based_VVN on_II technologies_NN2 that_CST could_VM lead_VVI to_II the_AT high_JJ flux_NN1 membranes_NN2 that_CST are_VBR required_VVN to_TO reach_VVI the_AT 5_MC W/m2_FU and_CC studies_NN2 have_VH0 already_RR reported_VVN the_AT Porifera_NP1 membranes_NN2 to_TO be_VBI able_JK to_TO exceed_VVI the_AT 5_MC W/m2_FU under_II laboratory_NN1 conditions_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Repetition_NN1 of_IO these_DD2 analyses_NN2 in_II our_APPGE current_JJ study_NN1 resulted_VVN in_II small_JJ changes_NN2 attributable_JJ to_II the_AT changes_NN2 in_II the_AT study_NN1 populations_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT contributions_NN2 of_IO P(NO3)_FO at_II m/z_ZZ1 98_MC ,_, 112_MC ,_, 126_MC ,_, 140_MC were_VBDR higher_JJR than_CSN P(OH)_NP1 ,_, which_DDQ suggested_VVD that_CST the_AT NO3_FO radical_JJ reactions_NN2 of_IO exhaust_NN1 during_II the_AT nighttime_NNT1 was_VBDZ also_RR one_MC1 of_IO important_JJ factors_NN2 to_TO cause_VVI haze_NN1 pollution_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
This_DD1 can_VM be_VBI done_VDN condensing_JJ the_AT relevant_JJ information_NN1 in_II the_AT PC1_FO score_VV0 as_II a_AT1 new_JJ cumulative_JJ variable_NN1 that_CST was_VBDZ here_RL named_VVN Aquatic_JJ Toxicity_NN1 Index_NN1 (_( ATI_NP1 )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Unlike_JJ in_II examples_NN2 2_MC ,_, 3_MC ,_, and_CC 4_MC ,_, it_PPH1 is_VBZ uncertain_JJ in_II example_NN1 1_MC1 ,_, if_CS the_AT PM_NP1 mass_JJ concentrations_NN2 of_IO 100_MC mg_NNU m-3_FO and_CC 50_MC mg_NNU m-3_FO measured_VVN at_II the_AT same_DA monitoring_NN1 point_NN1 at_II time_NNT1 zero_MC and_CC time_NNT1 one_MC1 hour_NNT1 later_RRR ,_, was_VBDZ due_II21 to_II22 either_DD1 less_DAR loading_NN1 rate_NN1 of_IO PM_NP1 from_II source_NN1 or_CC dilution_NN1 of_IO the_AT PM_NP1 ,_, at_II the_AT measurement_NN1 point_NN1 ,_, from_II an_AT1 increase_NN1 in_II airflow_NN1 rate_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Likewise_RR ,_, Zhao_NP1 et_RA21 al_RA22 ._. 
</s>
<s>
(_( 2014_MC )_) used_VVD GO_VV0 doped_JJ PVDF_NP1 membranes_NN2 to_TO purify_VVI synthetic_JJ wastewater_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Additionally_RR ,_, the_AT stock_NN1 age_NN1 of_IO coagulants_NN2 is_VBZ a_AT1 factor_NN1 likely_RR affecting_VVG the_AT DBP_NP1 formation_NN1 in_II subsequent_JJ disinfection_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Based_VVN on_II the_AT data_NN ,_, the_AT effects_NN2 of_IO other_JJ co-existing_JJ MCs_NN2 on_II biodegradation_NN1 of_IO one_MC1 MC_NN1 were_VBDR clarified_VVN ._. 
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<s>
The_AT following_JJ highest_JJT risk_NN1 estimate_NN1 per_II increase_NN1 in_II interquartile_JJ range_NN1 (_( IQR_NP1 )_) of_IO 5-day_JJ mean_JJ air_NN1 pollution_NN1 levels_NN2 prior_II21 to_II22 hospital_NN1 admission_NN1 for_IF asthma_NN1 was_VBDZ observed_VVN :_: NOX_NP1 (_( 1.11_MC ;_; 95%_NNU CI_NN1 1.05-1.17_MCMC )_) ,_, followed_VVN by_II NO2_FO (_( 1.10_MC ;_; 95%_NNU CI_NN1 1.04-1.16_MCMC )_) ,_, PM2.5_FO (_( 1.09_MC ;_; 95%_NNU CI_NN1 1.04-1.13_MCMC )_) and_CC PM10_FO (_( 1.07_MC ;_; 95%_NNU CI_NN1 1.03-1.12_MCMC )_) ._. 
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<s>
We_PPIS2 also_RR used_JJ maleic_JJ acid_NN1 ,_, benzoic_JJ acid_NN1 ,_, and_CC Trimesic_JJ acid_NN1 as_CSA hydrolysis_NN1 agent_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Emissions_NN2 of_IO harmful_JJ trace_NN1 gases_NN2 during_II fireworks_NN2 have_VH0 attracted_VVN considerable_JJ attention_NN1 during_II the_AT last_MD decades_NNT2 because_II21 of_II22 extremely_RR high_JJ pollutant_JJ levels_NN2 occurring_VVG in_II the_AT close_JJ proximity_NN1 of_IO fireworks_NN2 and_CC associated_JJ health_NN1 effects_NN2 for_IF users_NN2 and_CC spectators_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
PBDEs_NN2 exist_VV0 in_II twist_NN1 or_CC skew_VV0 conformations_NN2 ,_, and_CC the_AT higher_JJR the_AT degree_NN1 of_IO bromination_NN1 ,_, the_AT more_RGR skewed_JJ is_VBZ the_AT conformation_NN1 (_( EFSA_NP1 ,_, 2011b_FO )_) ._. 
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<s>
For_IF a_AT1 given_JJ feed_NN1 flow_NN1 rate_NN1 (_( i._MC e._ZZ1 80_MC L/h_ZZ1 )_) ,_, the_AT RR_NP1 is_VBZ enhanced_VVN by_II 36%_NNU as_II the_AT Thw_NP1 ,_, in_RP is_VBZ varied_VVN from_II 70_MC °C_NNU to_II 90_MC °C_NNU ,_, due_II21 to_II22 the_AT resulting_JJ increase_NN1 of_IO the_AT distillate_NN1 flow_NN1 rate_NN1 (_( Fig._NN1 6b_FO )_) ._. 
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<s>
Other_JJ applications_NN2 of_IO FCM_NP1 in_II WWT_NP1 are_VBR reviewed_VVN in_II Section_NN1 4.2.3_MC ._. 
</s>
<s>
This_DD1 index_NN1 was_VBDZ thought_VVN to_TO be_VBI important_JJ in_II that_DD1 locations_NN2 where_RRQ the_AT shoreline_NN1 was_VBDZ oriented_VVN normal_JJ to_II the_AT angle_NN1 of_IO oil_NN1 approach_NN1 were_VBDR thought_VVN to_TO be_VBI more_RGR likely_JJ to_TO accumulate_VVI and_CC retain_VVI subsurface_NN1 oil_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Like_II SiB_NP1 ,_, Can-IBIS_NN1 underpredicts_VVZ the_AT observed_JJ drawdown_NN1 through_II the_AT cornbelt_NN1 region_NN1 (_( Fig._NN1 4_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Besides_RR ,_, some_DD research_NN1 shows_VVZ that_CST exogenously_RR added_JJ redox_NN1 mediators_NN2 (_( eg._REX ,_, resazurin_NN1 (_( Lian_JJ et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2016_MC )_) ,_, polyoxometalates_NN2 (_( Guo_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2019_MC )_) ,_, chlorophyll_NN1 (_( Lu_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2020_MC )_) ,_, hemin_NN1 (_( Xie_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2018_MC )_) )_) can_VM create_VVI new_JJ routes_NN2 of_IO electron_NN1 flow_NN1 in_II the_AT microbial_JJ energy_NN1 metabolism_NN1 and_CC influence_VV0 the_AT growth_NN1 and_CC physiology_NN1 of_IO organisms_NN2 ,_, thereby_RR enhancing_VVG the_AT efficiency_NN1 of_IO bioremediation_NN1 such_II21 as_II22 azo-dye_JJ decolorization_NN1 (_( Cervantes_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2010_MC ;_; Yang_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2018_MC )_) ,_, denitrification_NN1 (_( Guo_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2019_MC ;_; Lu_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2020_MC )_) ,_, perchlorate_JJ reduction_NN1 (_( Lian_JJ et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2016_MC )_) ,_, and_CC heavy_JJ metal_NN1 reduction_NN1 (_( Zhao_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2020_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
A_AT1 survey_NN1 has_VHZ revealed_VVN that_CST RTC_NP1 is_VBZ now_RT employed_VVN in_II many_DA2 real_JJ world_NN1 WDNs_NP1 ._. 
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<s>
That_DD1 estimate_NN1 is_VBZ not_XX affected_VVN by_II the_AT new_JJ evidence_NN1 concerning_II Ag_FO mining_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT present_JJ work_NN1 investigate_VV0 ,_, for_IF the_AT first_MD time_NNT1 of_IO our_APPGE knowledge_NN1 ,_, the_AT photochemical_JJ reactivity_NN1 of_IO an_AT1 Fe(III)-amino_JJ acid_NN1 complex_NN1 in_II atmospheric_JJ mimic_NN1 waters_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Fungal_JJ strains_NN2 that_CST produce_VV0 hydrolytic_JJ enzyme_NN1 are_VBR mainly_RR comprised_VVN of_IO Trichoderma_NP1 ,_, Aspergillus_NP1 ,_, Penicil-lium_NN1 ,_, and_CC Fusarium_NP1 genus_NN1 (_( Kolasa_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2014_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
A_AT1 much_RR higher_JJR concentration_NN1 is_VBZ needed_VVN to_TO kill_VVI sessile_JJ cells_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Sodium_NN1 phosphate_NN1 dibasic_JJ anhydrous_JJ and_CC citric_JJ acid_NN1 monohydrate_NN1 were_VBDR purchased_VVN from_II Fisher_NP1 Scientific_JJ ._. 
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<s>
Another_DD1 important_JJ parameter_NN1 that_CST has_VHZ to_TO enter_VVI any_DD comprehensive_JJ approach_NN1 is_VBZ the_AT hydrophilic/hydrophobic_JJ character_NN1 of_IO the_AT RTIL_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
It_PPH1 is_VBZ markedly_RR up-regulated_JJ in_II the_AT proximal_JJ tubule_NN1 after_II renal_JJ injury_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
In_RR21 particular_RR22 ,_, controlling_VVG hardness_NN1 in_II water_NN1 ,_, originated_VVN from_II various_JJ cations_NN2 such_II21 as_II22 Ca2+_FO and_CC Mg2+_FO ,_, has_VHZ been_VBN studied_VVN for_IF both_DB2 its_APPGE advantages_NN2 and_CC disadvantages_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
A_AT1 large_JJ number_NN1 of_IO synthetic_JJ compounds_NN2 have_VH0 been_VBN found_VVN to_TO regulate_VVI QS_FO (_( Geske_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2005_MC ;_; Janssens_NN2 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2008_MC ;_; Lowery_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2008_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
Deveci_NN2 (_( 2002_MC )_) showed_VVD ,_, during_II the_AT bioleaching_JJ process_NN1 in_II CSTRs_NP1 ,_, that_DD1 hydrodynamic_JJ shear_VV0 alone_RR as_II a_AT1 characteristic_JJ function_NN1 of_IO impeller_NN1 type_NN1 and_CC speed_NN1 has_VHZ a_AT1 very_RG limited_JJ effect_NN1 on_II the_AT bacterial_JJ cells_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT reported_JJ oil_NN1 absorbency_NN1 values_NN2 in_II literature_NN1 are_VBR based_VVN on_II large_JJ variety_NN1 of_IO different_JJ oils_NN2 ,_, so_CS the_AT absorbency_NN1 in_II Table_NN1 6_MC is_VBZ reported_VVN on_II a_AT1 scale_NN1 between_II the_AT minimum_NN1 and_CC maximum_JJ values_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Young_JJ children_NN2 ,_, especially_RR those_DD2 from_II the_AT poor_JJ socio-economic_JJ background_NN1 ,_, are_VBR most_RGT vulnerable_JJ to_II the_AT impacts_NN2 of_IO toxic_JJ air_NN1 pollutants_NN2 (_( Mehta_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2014_MC ;_; Perera_NP1 ,_, 2017_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
The_AT true_JJ species_NN diversity_NN1 based_VVN on_II the_AT Shannon_NP1 index_NN1 (_( Fig._NN1 1B_FO )_) was_VBDZ 110_MC ±_FO 20_MC OTUs_JJ per_II sample_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Table_NN1 1_MC1 summarizes_VVZ the_AT samples_NN2 that_CST were_VBDR produced_VVN with_IW these_DD2 powders_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Hence_RR ,_, the_AT ways_NN2 in_II which_DDQ sustainability_NN1 ideals_NN2 ,_, discourse_NN1 and_CC techniques_NN2 permeate_VV0 different_JJ institutional_JJ realms_NN2 need_VV0 to_TO be_VBI understood_VVN ,_, as_CSA there_EX are_VBR intimations_NN2 that_CST the_AT discord_NN1 between_II the_AT sustainable_JJ movement_NN1 and_CC organisations_NN2 ,_, especially_RR those_DD2 in_II the_AT oil_NN1 and_CC gas_NN1 sector_NN1 ,_, will_VM continue_VVI to_TO prevail_VVI ._. 
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<s>
The_AT homogenized_JJ powder_NN1 was_VBDZ heated_VVN at_II 400_MC °C_NNU for_IF 3_MC h_ZZ1 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT volume_NN1 of_IO biogas_NN2 was_VBDZ measured_VVN with_IW a_AT1 drum-type_JJ gas_NN1 meter_NN1 (_( Ritter_NP1 ,_, Bochum_NP1 ,_, Germany_NP1 )_) ._. 
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<s>
Although_CS it_PPH1 has_VHZ been_VBN reported_VVN in_II some_DD studies_NN2 that_CST the_AT DON_NN1 loss_NN1 accounting_VVG for_IF a_AT1 small_JJ portion_NN1 is_VBZ less_RGR crucial_JJ compared_VVN with_IW the_AT DIN_NN1 loss_NN1 (_( Walmsley_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2018_MC )_) ,_, several_DA2 other_JJ studies_NN2 indicate_VV0 that_CST the_AT DON_NN1 loss_NN1 might_VM be_VBI a_AT1 big_JJ contributor_NN1 (_( Chen_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2018a_FO ,_, b_ZZ1 )_) ._. 
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<s>
In_II31 case_II32 of_II33 photoanode_NN1 protection_NN1 with_IW TiO2_FO thin_JJ films_NN2 we_PPIS2 have_VH0 recently_RR shown_VVN that_DD1 band_NN1 bending_VVG in_II TiO2_FO protection_NN1 layers_NN2 should_VM be_VBI avoided_VVN and_CC a_AT1 pinch-off_JJ effect_NN1 will_VM occur_VVI when_CS using_VVG nanoparticular_JJ OER_NN1 catalysts_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
In_RR21 addition_RR22 ,_, the_AT later_JJR work_NN1 of_IO Marchovecchio_NP1 et_RA21 al_RA22 ._. 
</s>
<s>
did_VDD not_XX deliberate_VVI upon_II the_AT optimality_NN1 of_IO hybrid_JJ MSF-RO_JJ process_NN1 in_II31 conjunction_II32 with_II33 the_AT RO_NN1 processes_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Furthermore_RR ,_, the_AT influences_NN2 of_IO temperature_NN1 ,_, salinity_NN1 ,_, initial_JJ perchlorate_JJ concentration_NN1 and_CC pH_NN1 on_II the_AT reactivity_NN1 of_IO CS-nZVI_NN2 were_VBDR examined_VVN ._. 
</s>
<s>
We_PPIS2 assume_VV0 that_CST as_CS31 soon_CS32 as_CS33 nitrate_NN1 is_VBZ depleted_VVN and_CC electron_NN1 donors_NN2 are_VBR still_RR present_JJ in_II the_AT medium_JJ sulfate_NN1 reduction_NN1 resumed_VVD ._. 
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<s>
Negative_JJ repulsion_NN1 was_VBDZ also_RR discussed_VVN for_IF sulfamethoxazole_NN1 interacting_VVG with_IW CNTs_NP1 with_IW varying_JJ degree_NN1 of_IO oxidation_NN1 (_( Zhang_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2010a_FO )_) ,_, graphene_NN1 oxide_NN1 (_( Chen_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2014b_FO )_) and_CC biochars_NN2 (_( Wu_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2013a_FO ;_; Zheng_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2013_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Additional_JJ SMB_NP1 changes_NN2 due_II21 to_II22 the_AT SMB-surface_JJ elevation_NN1 feedback_NN1 are_VBR small_JJ for_IF limited_JJ warming_NN1 :_: in_II a_AT1 coupled_JJ SMB-ice_JJ dynamical_JJ simulation_NN1 ,_, the_AT feedback_NN1 contributes_VVZ 11%_NNU to_II the_AT GrIS_NP1 runoff_NN1 rate_NN1 in_II an_AT1 RCP2.6_FO scenario_NN1 ,_, or_CC 3_MC mm_NNU of_IO additional_JJ SLR_NP1 by_II 210017_MC ._. 
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<s>
There_EX is_VBZ ,_, however_RR ,_, a_AT1 lack_NN1 of_IO critical_JJ reviews_NN2 focusing_VVG on_II diverse_JJ classes_NN2 of_IO antibiotics_NN2 ,_, and_CC their_APPGE occurrence_NN1 in_II the_AT environment_NN1 from_II various_JJ sources_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT Na+_FO ion_NN1 depleted_VVN due_II21 to_II22 precipitation_NN1 of_IO NaCl_NN1 salt_NN1 from_II the_AT beginning_NN1 of_IO evaporation_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
This_DD1 yielded_VVD a_AT1 unit-less_DAR index_NN1 ranging_VVG from_II near_JJ zero_NN1 (_( extremely_RR convex_JJ )_) to_TO near_VVI one_MC1 (_( extremely_RR concave_JJ )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Nevertheless_RR ,_, Cd_NN1 background_NN1 concentrations_NN2 in_II Thai_JJ soils_NN2 were_VBDR only_RR 0.002-0.14_MCMC mg/kg_NNU (_( Pongsakul_NP1 and_CC Attajarusit_VV0 1999_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Indicator_NN1 Concentrations_NN2 Corresponding_VVG to_II Risk_NN1 Threshold_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Some_DD other_JJ researchers_NN2 have_VH0 examined_VVN different_JJ costly_JJ ILs_NN2 for_IF the_AT pretreatment_NN1 of_IO clean_JJ biomasses_NN2 or_CC as_II a_AT1 catalyst_NN1 during_II fast_JJ pyrolysis_NN1 of_IO biomasses_NN2 into_II bio-oil_NN1 or_CC value-added_JJ chemicals_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
In_II31 view_II32 of_II33 fossil_NN1 energy_NN1 resource_NN1 limitation_NN1 ,_, it_PPH1 is_VBZ highly_RR important_JJ to_TO develop_VVI sustainable_JJ energy_NN1 sources_NN2 (_( solar_JJ ,_, wind_VV0 and_RR31 so_RR32 on_RR33 )_) ,_, as_II31 well_II32 as_II33 associated_JJ strategies_NN2 for_IF energy_NN1 storage_NN1 and_CC conversion_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
We_PPIS2 do_VD0 not_XX include_VVI population_NN1 as_II a_AT1 separate_JJ component_NN1 ,_, and_CC instead_RR focus_VV0 on_II aggregated_JJ GDP_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT appearance_NN1 suggests_VVZ that_CST the_AT magnetic_JJ biochar_NN1 MN_FO has_VHZ already_RR fixed_VVN Cd(II)_MC in_RR21 situ_RR22 ,_, consistent_JJ with_IW the_AT result_NN1 from_II the_AT EDX_NN1 spectral_JJ diagram_NN1 of_IO biochar_NN1 MN_FO mentioned_VVN above_RL ._. 
</s>
<s>
At_II lower_JJR feed_NN1 ratios_NN2 (_( lower_JJR CO2_FO concentration_NN1 )_) ,_, H2O_FO molecules_NN2 would_VM cover_VVI most_DAT of_IO the_AT catalyst_NN1 surface_NN1 ,_, thus_RR CO2_FO would_VM compete_VVI with_IW H2O_FO molecules_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Also_RR INDU_NP1 shows_VVZ quite_RG variable_JJ results_NN2 in_II this_DD1 test_NN1 and_CC the_AT considerations_NN2 made_VVN for_IF Round_II 1_MC1 are_VBR valid_JJ also_RR in_II this_DD1 case_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
TOC_NP1 removal_NN1 efficiencies_NN2 were_VBDR about_RG 90%_NNU ,_, confirming_VVG the_AT results_NN2 obtained_VVN with_IW COD_NN analysis_NN1 ._. 
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This_DD1 may_VM be_VBI achieved_VVN by_II investigating_VVG the_AT effect_NN1 of_IO heat_NN1 storage_NN1 on_II system_NN1 design_NN1 ._. 
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For_IF more_DAR details_NN2 see_VV0 the_AT spectra_NN2 in_II Supporting_JJ information_NN1 (_( Figs_NN2 ._. 
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S1_FO and_CC S2_FO )_) ._. 
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<s>
During_II the_AT 20th_MD century_NNT1 a_AT1 large_JJ number_NN1 of_IO foundation_NN1 piles_NN2 have_VH0 been_VBN examined_VVN in_II31 connection_II32 with_II33 observed_JJ settlings_NN2 and_CC instability_NN1 of_IO buildings_NN2 around_II the_AT world_NN1 ,_, but_CCB only_RR a_AT1 few_DA2 reports_NN2 reached_VVD the_AT scientific_JJ community_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT thickness_NN1 of_IO the_AT polyarylate_NN1 nanofilms_NN2 was_VBDZ down_RP to_II 20_MC nm_FU ,_, which_DDQ showed_VVD outstanding_JJ separation_NN1 performance_NN1 in_II OSN_NP1 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT efficiencies_NN2 of_IO all_DB PCR_NP1 runs_NN2 were_VBDR always_RR higher_JJR than_CSN 90%_NNU and_CC specificity_NN1 of_IO reactions_NN2 was_VBDZ verified_VVN by_II analysis_NN1 of_IO melting_VVG curves_NN2 (_( ramping_VVG rates_NN2 of_IO 0.5_MC °C/10_FU over_II a_AT1 temperature_NN1 range_NN1 of_IO 55-95_MCMC °C_NNU )_) ._. 
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The_AT supernatants_NN2 were_VBDR separated_VVN and_CC used_VVN for_IF the_AT detection_NN1 of_IO chemical_JJ oxygen_NN1 demand_NN1 (_( COD_NN )_) ,_, clothianidin_NN1 ,_, ammonia_NN1 nitrogen_NN1 (_( NH3_FO )_) ,_, total_JJ organic_JJ carbon_NN1 (_( TOC_NP1 )_) and_CC metal_NN1 ions_NN2 in_II wastewater_NN1 before_II and_CC after_II treatment_NN1 in_II31 accordance_II32 with_II33 the_AT standard_JJ methods_NN2 of_IO American_JJ Public_JJ Health_NN1 Association_NN1 (_( APHA_NP1 )_) and_CC national_JJ standardized_JJ method_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Herein_RR ,_, we_PPIS2 proposed_VVD an_AT1 innovative_JJ modular_JJ architecture_NN1 design_NN1 ,_, i._MC e._ZZ1 ,_, modular_JJ C-PSCs_NP2 were_VBDR assembled_VVN by_II a_AT1 semi-cell_NN1 A_ZZ1 and_CC charge_NN1 collector_NN1 B_ZZ1 ;_; the_AT individual_JJ semi-cell_NN1 A_ZZ1 or_CC charge_NN1 collector_NN1 B_ZZ1 could_VM be_VBI disassembled_VVN and_CC replaced_VVN repeatedly_RR with_IW ease_NN1 (_( as_CSA illustrated_VVN in_II Fig._NN1 1_MC1 )_) ._. 
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<s>
The_AT obtained_VVN spectrum_NN1 can_VM be_VBI used_VVN to_TO identify_VVI the_AT sample_NN1 composition_NN1 by_II comparing_VVG with_IW the_AT reference_NN1 spectra_NN2 library_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
In_II workshop_NN1 ,_, VOCs_NN2 with_IW Ei_NP1 above_II 1.0_MC are_VBR deemed_VVN to_TO pose_VVI a_AT1 potential_JJ health_NN1 risk_NN1 to_II the_AT employees_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT increase_NN1 in_II plant_NN1 growth_NN1 and_CC biomass_NN1 and_CC a_AT1 reduction_NN1 in_II oxidative_JJ stress_NN1 might_VM be_VBI due_II21 to_II22 Cd_NN1 compartmentalization_NN1 in_II plant_NN1 tissues_NN2 due_II21 to_II22 Zn_NP1 and_CC Cd_NN1 competition_NN1 for_IF binding_JJ sites_NN2 as_CSA suggested_VVN by_II Basnet_NP1 et_RA21 al_RA22 ._. 
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(_( 2014_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
In_II this_DD1 study_NN1 ,_, the_AT four_MC indicators_NN2 were_VBDR taken_VVN as_CSA independent_JJ variables_NN2 in_BCL21 order_BCL22 to_TO be_VBI compatible_JJ with_IW the_AT regression_NN1 model_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT analysis_NN1 assesses_VVZ predictive_JJ power_NN1 for_IF correctly_RR classifying_VVG ozone_NN1 exceedance_NN1 days_NNT2 versus_II non-exceedance_JJ days_NNT2 ._. 
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<s>
This_DD1 complex_NN1 and_CC somewhat_RR redundant_JJ (_( because_II21 of_II22 both_RR EPSR_VV0 and_CC MD_NN1 )_) procedure_NN1 produced_VVD two_MC sets_NN2 of_IO mutually_RR compatible_JJ radial_JJ distribution_NN1 functions_NN2 ,_, one_PN1 resulting_VVG from_II the_AT neutron_NN1 scattering_VVG data_NN through_II EPSR_NP1 modeling_NN1 and_CC the_AT other_JJ directly_RR from_II atomistic_JJ MD_NN1 modeling_NN1 ,_, thus_RR validating_VVG both_DB2 the_AT EPSR_NN1 and_CC the_AT MD_NN1 data_NN ._. 
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<s>
Thus_RR ,_, the_AT plant_NN1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 response_NN1 is_VBZ presented_VVN in_II the_AT function_NN1 of_IO the_AT WTR_NP1 applied_JJ scheme_NN1 in_II Fig._NN1 5_MC (_( the_AT pie_NN1 graph_NN1 )_) ._. 
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PVDF_NP1 membranes_NN2 exhibit_VV0 relatively_RR high_JJ surface_NN1 energy_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Results_NN2 revealed_VVD that_CST xylooligosaccharides_VVZ predominantly_RR partitioned_VVN toward_II the_AT bottom_JJ phase_NN1 and_CC phenol_NN1 compounds_VVZ towards_II the_AT top_JJ phase_NN1 in_II all_DB investigated_JJ systems_NN2 (_( Table_NN1 1_MC1 )_) ._. 
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Viruses_NN2 Account_VV0 for_IF the_AT Majority_NN1 of_IO Bather_NP1 Gastrointestinal_NP1 Illness_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
This_DD1 work_NN1 was_VBDZ financially_RR supported_VVN by_II the_AT National_JJ Science_NN1 Foundation_NN1 of_IO China_NP1 (_( 51378141_MC )_) ,_, the_AT State_NN1 Key_NN1 Laboratory_NN1 of_IO Urban_JJ Water_NN1 Resource_NN1 and_CC Environment_NN1 (_( Harbin_NP1 Institute_NN1 of_IO Technology_NN1 )_) (_( NO.2016DX04_FO and_CC NO.2016TS02_FO )_) ,_, National_JJ Key_JJ Technology_NN1 Research_NN1 and_CC Development_NN1 Program_NN1 of_IO the_AT Ministry_NN1 of_IO Science_NN1 and_CC Technology_NN1 of_IO China_NP1 (_( 2014BAK13B04_FO )_) ,_, and_CC Harbin_NP1 Institute_NN1 of_IO Technology_NN1 (_( HSCJ201605_FO )_) ._. 
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<s>
The_AT X-ray_NN1 photoelectron_NN1 spectroscopy_NN1 (_( XPS_NP1 )_) was_VBDZ also_RR carried_VVN out_RP to_TO further_RRR investigate_VVI the_AT composition_NN1 and_CC the_AT chemical_JJ status_NN1 of_IO the_AT Ag3PO4-graphene_JJ composite_NN1 (_( sample_NN1 NAG_NN1 )_) ,_, and_CC the_AT results_NN2 are_VBR shown_VVN in_II the_AT Fig._NN1 6_MC ._. 
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<s>
The_AT case-crossover_JJ analyses_NN2 were_VBDR repeated_VVN with_IW 100_MC threshold_NN1 values_NN2 for_IF each_DD1 of_IO the_AT indexes_NN2 ,_, and_CC the_AT resulting_JJ threshold-OR_CC curves_NN2 were_VBDR used_VVN to_TO evaluate_VVI the_AT performance_NN1 of_IO each_DD1 index_NN1 and_CC to_TO identify_VVI areas_NN2 of_IO low_JJ ,_, moderate_JJ ,_, and_CC high_JJ heat_NN1 vulnerability_NN1 on_II each_DD1 index_NN1 map_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
A_AT1 higher_JJR feed_NN1 temperature_NN1 and_CC feed_VV0 flow_NN1 rate_NN1 promoted_VVN IPA_NN1 removal_NN1 efficiency_NN1 and_CC permeate_JJ flux_NN1 in_II the_AT sweep_NN1 gas_NN1 MD_NN1 mode_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
In_II the_AT islands_NN2 of_IO Torres_NP1 Strait_NN1 ,_, Australia_NP1 ,_, climatic_JJ changes_NN2 are_VBR affecting_VVG the_AT range_NN1 distribution_NN1 of_IO totemic_JJ animals_NN2 and_CC causing_VVG the_AT submergence_NN1 of_IO sites_NN2 used_VVN for_IF gathering_VVG culturally_RR important_JJ foods62_FO ._. 
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<s>
The_AT degradation_NN1 of_IO all_DB five_MC target_NN1 antiviral_NN1 drugs_NN2 followed_VVD pseudo_JJ first_MD order_NN1 kinetic_JJ (_( Fig._NN1 1_MC1 )_) ._. 
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<s>
It_PPH1 is_VBZ indicated_VVN in_II literature_NN1 that_CST sweeping_JJ gas_NN1 flow_NN1 has_VHZ significant_JJ influence_NN1 on_II the_AT distillate_NN1 flux_NN1 of_IO SGMD_NP1 process_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Likewise_RR ,_, high_JJ concentrations_NN2 of_IO NO3_FO are_VBR only_RR found_VVN under_II oxic_JJ conditions_NN2 with_IW Fe2+_FO concentrations_NN2 below_II 1_MC1 mg_NNU L-1_FO ,_, whereas_CS higher_JJR NHj_NP1 concentrations_NN2 appear_VV0 under_RG suboxic_JJ to_II anoxic_JJ conditions_NN2 ,_, with_IW Fe2+_FO concentrations_NN2 above_II 1_MC1 mg_NNU L-1_FO (_( Lamontagne_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2005_MC )_) ._. 
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NMR_NP1 spectra_NN2 were_VBDR measured_VVN by_II Dr._NNB Nevena_NP1 Petkova_NP1 (_( Sofia_NP1 University_NN1 )_) ._. 
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<s>
The_AT energy_NN1 storage_NN1 has_VHZ nowadays_RT become_VV0 a_AT1 global_JJ concern_NN1 because_CS it_PPH1 possesses_VVZ a_AT1 wide_JJ range_NN1 of_IO critical_JJ applications_NN2 (_( e._ZZ1 g._NNU ,_, electronic_JJ consumables_NN2 ,_, modern_JJ electric_JJ vehicles_NN2 and_CC large-scale_JJ electrical_JJ grids_NN2 ,_, etc._RA )_) and_CC plays_VVZ a_AT1 dominant_JJ role_NN1 in_II the_AT development_NN1 of_IO sustainable_JJ society_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Hence_RR ,_, many_DA2 China-specific_JJ studies_NN2 utilize_VV0 the_AT BTM_NP1 or_CC HCA_NN1 to_TO replace_VVI VSL_NP1 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT data_NN that_CST support_VV0 the_AT findings_NN2 of_IO this_DD1 study_NN1 are_VBR available_JJ from_II the_AT corresponding_JJ author_NN1 upon_II reasonable_JJ request_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
This_DD1 finding_NN1 was_VBDZ also_RR evidenced_VVN by_II the_AT results_NN2 of_IO AFM_NP1 test_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
However_RR ,_, water_NN1 wettability_NN1 can_VM change_VVI the_AT superhydrophobic_JJ behavior_NN1 of_IO PUS_NN1 to_II hydrophobic_JJ ._. 
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<s>
However_RR ,_, groundwater_NN1 contamination_NN1 may_VM occur_VVI by_II dissolved_JJ TWP_NP1 constituents_NN2 that_CST were_VBDR leached_VVN from_II TWP_NP1 at_II the_AT soil_NN1 surface_NN1 (_( Padoan_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2017_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
Another_DD1 challenge_NN1 to_II this_DD1 application_NN1 is_VBZ the_AT wetting_NN1 caused_VVN by_II the_AT feed_NN1 components_NN2 such_II21 as_II22 alcohols_NN2 and_CC surfactants_NN2 ,_, thereby_RR lowering_VVG the_AT feed_NN1 liquid_NN1 surface_NN1 tension_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
This_DD1 was_VBDZ caused_VVN by_II the_AT changes_NN2 of_IO Yellow_NP1 River_NNL1 under_II the_AT impact_NN1 of_IO human_JJ activities_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
These_DD2 factors_NN2 may_VM ultimately_RR influence_VVI their_APPGE commercial_JJ viability_NN1 or_CC limit_VV0 the_AT use_NN1 of_IO more_RGR expensive_JJ sorbents_NN2 to_TO lower_VVI volume_NN1 use_NN1 cases_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Prenatal_JJ exposure_NN1 of_IO rodents_NN2 to_II BPA_NP1 even_RR at_II low_JJ concentrations_NN2 had_VHD sex-specific_JJ disrupting_JJ effects_NN2 on_II GR_NP1 and_CC MR_NNB expression_NN1 in_II hippocampus_NN1 and_CC hypothalamus_NN1 (_( Chen_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2014_MC ;_; Chen_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2015_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
CMCase_NN1 and_CC xylanase_VV0 activities_NN2 were_VBDR expressed_VVN as_CSA international_JJ units_NN2 (_( IU_NP1 )_) and_CC were_VBDR defined_VVN as_CSA 1_MC1 mol_NN1 of_IO product_NN1 formed_VVN per_II minute_NNT1 under_II the_AT assay_NN1 conditions_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
We_PPIS2 then_RT applied_VVD four_MC different_JJ statistical_JJ testing_NN1 combinations_NN2 :_: (_( 1_MC1 )_) discrete_JJ y/_FU discrete_JJ x_ZZ1 ;_; (_( 2_MC )_) discrete_JJ y/continuous_FU x_MC ;_; (_( 3_MC )_) continuous_JJ y/_FU discrete_JJ x_ZZ1 ;_; and_CC (_( 4_MC )_) continuous_JJ y/continuous_FU x_MC (_( Table_NN1 1_MC1 )_) ._. 
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<s>
Mao_NP1 et_RA21 al_RA22 ._. 
</s>
<s>
(_( 2013_MC )_) reported_VVD 51%_NNU of_IO 20_MC mm_NNU and_CC 61%_NNU of_IO 50_MC mm_NNU suspended_JJ particles_NN2 deposited_VVN within_II 60_MC m_NNO downwind_JJ of_IO an_AT1 unpaved_JJ road_NN1 with_IW the_AT plume_NN1 traveling_VVG over_RP a_AT1 surface_NN1 composed_VVN of_IO the_AT agricultural_JJ crop_NN1 peas_NN2 and_CC a_AT1 passing_NN1 through_II a_AT1 shelterbelt_NN1 of_IO trees_NN2 approximately_RR 10_MC m_NNO high_JJ ._. 
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<s>
The_AT component_NN1 package_NN1 technology_NN1 ,_, which_DDQ was_VBDZ employed_VVN during_II the_AT device_NN1 preparation_NN1 ,_, is_VBZ desirable_JJ for_IF large-scale_JJ fabrication_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Can_VM be_VBI used_VVN to_TO diagnose_VVI the_AT relative_JJ importance_NN1 of_IO different_JJ sources_NN2 of_IO food_NN1 (_( from_II which_DDQ flow_NN1 management_NN1 implications_NN2 for_IF productivity_NN1 may_VM be_VBI inferred_VVN )_) ._. 
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<s>
Because_CS it_PPH1 makes_VVZ up_RP the_AT remaining_JJ 40%_NNU of_IO the_AT volume_NN1 in_II the_AT WPA_NN1 wastewater_NN1 tank_NN1 ,_, it_PPH1 significantly_RR decreases_VVZ the_AT concentration_NN1 further_RRR ._. 
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<s>
Meanwhile_RR ,_, high-throughput_JJ sequencing_NN1 technology_NN1 was_VBDZ applied_VVN to_II further_JJR study_NN1 the_AT microbial_JJ community_NN1 diversity_NN1 and_CC distribution_NN1 in_II the_AT biofilter_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
This_DD1 potential_NN1 is_VBZ derived_VVN from_II electrophoretic_JJ mobility_NN1 (_( EPM_NP1 )_) ._. 
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<s>
Using_VVG uncultivated_JJ WAS_VBDZ as_CSA inoculum_NN1 ,_, the_AT VFAs/alkalinity_FU ratios_NN2 in_II treatments_NN2 were_VBDR significantly_RR higher_JJR (_( P_ZZ1 =_FO 0.02_MC )_) than_CSN others_NN2 ,_, which_DDQ intuitively_RR reflected_VVD the_AT instability_NN1 of_IO the_AT digestion_NN1 process_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT porosity_NN1 has_VHZ decreased_VVN by_II 7.4%_FO ,_, and_CC the_AT compressive_JJ strength_NN1 of_IO the_AT sample_NN1 has_VHZ increased_VVN from_II 1.07_MC MPa_NP1 to_II 1.41_MC MPa_NP1 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT third_MD group_NN1 ,_, comprising_VVG a_AT1 single_JJ MC_NN1 from_II G475_FO (_( R2_FO =_FO 0.89_MC )_) ,_, showed_VVD degradation_NN1 rates_NN2 almost_RR independent_JJ from_II time_NNT1 :_: their_APPGE low_JJ rates_NN2 were_VBDR masked_VVN by_II measuring_VVG inaccuracy_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
However_RR ,_, by_II analyzing_VVG 95%_NNU confidence_NN1 level_NN1 (_( p-value_NN1 <_FO 0.05_MC )_) ,_, only_RR the_AT combined_JJ effect_NN1 of_IO initial_JJ MEG_NP1 and_CC PO4-P_JJ on_II cumulative_JJ HP_NN1 rate_NN1 was_VBDZ determined_VVN to_TO be_VBI insignificant_JJ (_( p_ZZ1 >_FO 0.05_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
Journal_NN1 editors_NN2 ,_, funding_JJ bodies_NN2 and_CC assessment_NN1 processes_VVZ all_DB have_VH0 an_AT1 important_JJ role_NN1 in_II generating_JJ demand_NN1 for_IF more_DAR cases_NN2 in_II small_JJ and_CC medium_JJ sized_JJ cities_NN2 in_II Africa_NP1 and_CC Asia_NP1 ._. 
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<s>
It_PPH1 reveals_VVZ that_DD1 exposure_NN1 spanned_VVD orders_NN2 of_IO magnitude_NN1 ,_, from_II g/kg-bw/d_ZZ1 to_II g/kg-bw/d_ZZ1 and_CC was_VBDZ mainly_RR dependent_JJ on_II indoor_JJ SVOC_NN1 contaminations_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
High_JJ organic_JJ carbon_NN1 concentrations_NN2 (_( 40-400_MCMC mg/L_NNU )_) persist_VV0 for_IF months_NNT2 to_II years_NNT2 after_II HF_NP1 occurs_VVZ (_( Figure_NN1 1B_FO )_) ,_, while_CS chloride_NN1 (_( >50000_FO mg/L_NNU )_) and_CC bromide_NN1 (_( >500_FO mg/L_NNU )_) concentrations_NN2 asymptotically_RR stabilize_VV0 approximately_RR 4_MC months_NNT2 after_II HF_NP1 when_CS injected_JJ fluids_NN2 reach_VV0 equilibrium_NN1 with_IW formation_NN1 brines_NN2 (_( Figure_NN1 1B_FO )_) ._. 
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<s>
Because_CS they_PPHS2 are_VBR directly_RR derived_VVN from_II information_NN1 on_II stock_NN1 inventory_NN1 ,_, results_NN2 of_IO bottom-up_NN1 studies_NN2 are_VBR usually_RR deemed_VVN to_TO be_VBI more_RGR accurate_JJ than_CSN those_DD2 obtained_VVN through_II a_AT1 top-down_JJ approach_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
In_II ex-situ_JJ processes_NN2 ,_, on_II the_AT other_JJ hand_NN1 ,_, toxic_JJ sludge_NN1 and/or_CC arsenic-laden_NN1 concentrate_VV0 streams_NN2 are_VBR produced_VVN ,_, which_DDQ may_VM require_VVI costly_JJ methods_NN2 for_IF treating_VVG and_CC proper_JJ disposal_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
On_II the_AT nanoscale_NN1 ,_, space_NN1 charge_NN1 layers_NN2 are_VBR no_RR21 longer_RR22 effective_JJ ,_, and_CC the_AT kinetics_NN1 of_IO photochemical_JJ charge_NN1 transfer_NN1 and_CC the_AT corresponding_JJ junction_NN1 potentials_NN2 are_VBR controlled_VVN by_II states_NN2 at_II solid-solid_JJ and_CC solid-liquid_JJ interfaces_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
CDI_MC is_VBZ one_MC1 of_IO the_AT novel_JJ ion_NN1 removal_NN1 technology_NN1 that_CST applied_VVD electrical_JJ force_NN1 to_TO drive_VVI various_JJ ions_NN2 to_II the_AT charged_JJ porous_JJ electrode_NN1 and_CC the_AT ions_NN2 are_VBR stored_VVN into_II porous_JJ structure_NN1 of_IO the_AT electrode_NN1 ._. 
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Nevertheless_RR ,_, neonicotinoids_NN2 are_VBR poisonous_JJ to_II insects_NN2 and_CC some_DD invertebrates_NN2 ,_, which_DDQ can_VM act_VVI against_II insects_NN2 '_NULL central_JJ nervous_JJ system_NN1 ,_, leading_VVG to_II their_APPGE death_NN1 ._. 
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The_AT regression_NN1 results_NN2 of_IO classical_JJ fouling_NN1 models_NN2 can_VM largely_RR support_VVI our_APPGE assumption_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT conditions_NN2 of_IO HSWI_JJ operation_NN1 significantly_RR affect_VV0 the_AT PAHs_NP2 generation_NN1 and_CC toxicity_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Thus_RR ,_, the_AT strain_NN1 collection_NN1 consisted_VVN of_IO 3336_MC isolates_VVZ (_( *81.2%_FO out_II21 of_II22 all_DB morphotypes_NN2 originally_RR observed_VVN )_) ._. 
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<s>
As_CSA it_PPH1 could_VM been_VBN seen_VVN from_II the_AT Raman_NN1 peaks_NN2 in_II Bi2S3@CoO_FO composite_JJ ,_, the_AT peaks_NN2 at_II 188_MC ,_, 502_MC and_CC 595_MC cm-1_MC1 could_VM be_VBI assigned_VVN to_II F2g_FO active_JJ mode_NN1 of_IO CoO_NP1 ,_, and_CC the_AT peaks_NN2 at_II 460_MC cm-1_MC1 and_CC 670_MC cm-1_MC1 could_VM be_VBI attributed_VVN to_II the_AT Eg_REX and_CC A1g_FO modes_NN2 of_IO CoO_NP1 ,_, respectively_RR ;_; meanwhile_RR ,_, the_AT Raman_NN1 peaks_NN2 of_IO Bi2S3_FO were_VBDR located_VVN at_II about_RG 967_MC cm-1_MC1 and_CC the_AT broad_JJ peak_NN1 regions_NN2 (_( 200-270_MCMC )_) and_CC (_( 150-180_MCMC cm-1_MC1 )_) ,_, which_DDQ can_VM be_VBI assigned_VVN to_II the_AT stretching_JJ modes_NN2 of_IO Bi-S_RR bands_VVZ ,_, and_CC the_AT weak_JJ signals_NN2 revealed_VVD the_AT relatively_RR low_JJ degree_NN1 of_IO crystallinity_NN1 due_II21 to_II22 the_AT low_JJ annealing_JJ temperature_NN1 ._. 
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The_AT model_NN1 is_VBZ investigated_VVN at_II different_JJ valve_NN1 openings_NN2 (_( closed_JJ ,_, 25%_NNU ,_, 50%_NNU ,_, 75%_NNU and_CC fully_RR open_JJ )_) using_VVG CFD_NP1 analysis_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
All_DB parameters_NN2 considered_VVN (_( particle_NN1 size_NN1 ,_, particle_NN1 concentration_NN1 ,_, pH_NN1 ,_, temperature_NN1 ,_, NOM_NP1 concentration_NN1 )_) were_VBDR normalized_VVN to_TO have_VHI the_AT same_DA variances_NN2 (_( each_DD1 data_NN point_NN1 was_VBDZ divided_VVN by_II the_AT standard_JJ deviation_NN1 of_IO the_AT respective_JJ parameter_NN1 set_NN1 )_) ._. 
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<s>
Meanwhile_RR ,_, DOP_NP1 plasticized_VVD PVC_NN1 films_NN2 were_VBDR also_RR made_VVN by_II the_AT same_DA method_NN1 for_IF comparison_NN1 ._. 
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Heat_NN1 is_VBZ another_DD1 resource_NN1 that_CST can_VM potentially_RR be_VBI harvested_VVN within_II combined_JJ microbial_JJ protein-aquaculture_JJ systems_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
It_PPH1 is_VBZ important_JJ to_TO note_VVI that_DD1 ,_, for_IF a_AT1 fixed_JJ APserial_NP1 ,_, water_NN1 flux_NN1 of_IO the_AT first_MD element_NN1 decreased_VVN as_II the_AT number_NN1 of_IO serially_RR connected_VVN FO_NP1 elements_NN2 increased_VVN ._. 
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<s>
The_AT apparent_JJ fractional_JJ free_JJ volume_NN1 (_( fapp_NN1 )_) of_IO membranes_NN2 could_VM be_VBI calculated_VVN by_II the_AT following_JJ semiempirical_JJ equations_NN2 ,_, which_DDQ revealed_VVD the_AT correlation_NN1 between_II o-Ps_NN2 annihilation_NN1 lifetime_NNT1 (_( τ_NULL 3_MC )_) and_CC radius_NN1 of_IO the_AT free_JJ volume_NN1 cavity_NN1 (_( r3_FO )_) ._. 
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<s>
This_DD1 is_VBZ because_CS the_AT Brownian_JJ force_NN1 plays_VVZ a_AT1 more_RGR important_JJ role_NN1 for_IF UFPs_NN2 in_II cracks_NN2 with_IW smaller_JJR size_NN1 and_CC lower_JJR air_NN1 speed_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Pore_NN1 sizes_NN2 are_VBR dependent_JJ on_II the_AT cell_NN1 membrane_NN1 composition_NN1 as_II31 well_II32 as_II33 on_II the_AT distance_NN1 of_IO the_AT bubble_NN1 from_II the_AT membrane_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
In_II fact_NN1 ,_, current_JJ global_JJ and_CC regional_JJ CTMs_NP1 present_JJ limitations_NN2 at_II night_NNT1 and_CC under_II stable_JJ conditions_NN2 ,_, partly_RR because_II21 of_II22 the_AT difficulty_NN1 in_II resolving_VVG the_AT stratified_JJ conditions_NN2 near_II the_AT surface_NN1 and_CC the_AT depletion_NN1 of_IO ozone_NN1 through_II surface_NN1 deposition_NN1 (_( Travis_NP1 and_CC Jacob_NP1 ,_, 2019_MC ,_, and_CC references_NN2 therein_RR )_) ._. 
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<s>
Meanwhile_RR ,_, changes_NN2 in_II the_AT crystal_NN1 structure_NN1 and/or_CC the_AT particle_NN1 surface_NN1 may_VM occur_VVI and_CC defects_NN2 affecting_VVG product_NN1 robustness_NN1 may_VM be_VBI observed_VVN over_II time_NNT1 (_( Kenning_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2011_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
In_II several_DA2 previous_JJ studies_NN2 emission_NN1 of_IO ozone_NN1 (_( O3_FO )_) during_II fireworks_NN2 has_VHZ been_VBN reported_VVN ,_, which_DDQ was_VBDZ attributed_VVN to_II either_DD1 photolysis_NN1 of_IO molecular_JJ oxygen_NN1 (_( O2_FO )_) or_CC nitrogen_NN1 dioxide_NN1 (_( NO2_FO )_) by_II short/near_JJ UV_JJ radiation_NN1 emitted_VVD during_II the_AT high-temperature_JJ combustion_NN1 of_IO fireworks_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Further_RRR ,_, experimental_JJ information_NN1 about_II the_AT assimilability_NN1 of_IO specific_JJ TPs_NP1 is_VBZ still_RR in_II shortage_NN1 during_II UV/_JJ H2O2_FO oxidation_NN1 and_CC UV_JJ photocatalysis_NN1 ,_, and_CC further_JJR studies_NN2 should_VM be_VBI conducted_VVN for_IF the_AT assimilability_NN1 assessment_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
For_IF polydentate_NN1 ligands_NN2 ,_, the_AT subsequent_JJ lone_JJ pair_NN after_II the_AT first_MD coordination_NN1 is_VBZ oriented_VVN in_II a_AT1 way_NN1 that_CST prevents_VVZ them_PPHO2 from_II coordinating_VVG with_IW the_AT same_DA central_JJ atom_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
As_CSA for_IF emerging_VVG RPF_NP1 technology_NN1 ,_, the_AT embodied_VVN energy/carbon_NN1 coefficient_NN1 is_VBZ still_RR not_XX available_JJ ._. 
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<s>
Since_CS 2DCOS_FO is_VBZ generally_RR applicable_JJ to_II a_AT1 wide_JJ range_NN1 of_IO analytical_JJ probes_NN2 in_II31 addition_II32 to_II33 spectroscopy_NN1 ,_, the_AT integration_NN1 of_IO 2DCOS_FO analysis_NN1 with_IW other_JJ modern_JJ probes_NN2 ,_, such_II21 as_II22 dynamic_JJ light_NN1 scattering_VVG and_CC chromatography_NN1 ,_, would_VM provide_VVI additional_JJ chemical_JJ codes_NN2 regarding_II DOM_NP1 characteristics_NN2 ,_, which_DDQ remains_VVZ to_TO be_VBI validated_VVN ._. 
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<s>
The_AT low_JJ sCOD_NN1 and_CC tVFA_NN1 distribution_NN1 percentages_NN2 from_II our_APPGE study_NN1 indicated_VVD that_CST the_AT Hy-Aci_NN1 could_VM possibly_RR be_VBI inhibited_VVN due_II21 to_II22 the_AT low_JJ pH_NN1 (_( Borzacconi_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 1997_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
The_AT true_JJ challenge_NN1 lies_VVZ in_II determining_VVG if_CSW the_AT alteration_NN1 of_IO commercial_JJ ENPs/nano-products_NN2 will_VM release_VVI particles_NN2 that_CST have_VH0 high(er)_JJR reactivity_NN1 ,_, or_CC rather_RR ,_, if_CS weathering_NN1 will_VM lead_VVI to_II various_JJ kinds_NN2 of_IO passivation_NN1 (_( compared_VVN to_II the_AT pristine_JJ or_CC as-manufactured_JJ ENPs_NN2 )_) through_II surface_NN1 morphology_NN1 ,_, adsorption_NN1 ,_, surface_NN1 redox_NN1 evolution_NN1 ,_, or_CC other_JJ mechanisms_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Decreased_VVN hepatic_JJ GPx_NP1 ,_, GST_NP1 CAT_NN1 ,_, SOD_NP1 ,_, and_CC GSH_NP1 levels_NN2 as_II31 well_II32 as_II33 increased_JJ MDA_NN1 and_CC H2O2_FO concentrations_NN2 and_CC elevated_VVD COX-2_MC gene_NN1 expression_NN1 were_VBDR shown_VVN in_II rats_NN2 exposed_VVN to_II PbA_NP1 (_( Omobowale_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2014_MC ;_; Wang_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2013_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
Furthermore_RR ,_, the_AT capacity_NN1 fading_VVG and_CC lithium_NN1 dendrites_NN2 were_VBDR successfully_RR avoided_VVN and_CC the_AT safety_NN1 of_IO the_AT battery_NN1 was_VBDZ significantly_RR improved_VVN ._. 
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<s>
This_DD1 Master_NN1 was_VBDZ attended_VVN by_RP over_II 400_MC postgraduate_NN1 students_NN2 ,_, both_RR from_II the_AT Canary_NP1 Islands_NNL2 and_CC Latin_JJ America_NP1 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT majority_NN1 of_IO the_AT Au_FO particles_NN2 (_( mainly_RR spherical_JJ )_) supported_VVD on_II Ce1xZrxO2_FO were_VBDR in_II the_AT range_NN1 of_IO 1-7_MCMC nm_FU ,_, with_IW an_AT1 average_JJ size_NN1 as_CSA shown_VVN in_II Table_NN1 1_MC1 ._. 
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At_II each_DD1 sampling_NN1 time_NNT1 ,_, samples_NN2 were_VBDR processed_VVN following_II four_MC isolation_NN1 programs_NN2 (_( MA_NP1 ,_, TA_UH ,_, MB_NNU and_CC TB_NN1 ;_; see_VV0 Section_NN1 2.2_MC for_IF detail_NN1 )_) ._. 
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<s>
Specifically_RR ,_, the_AT filter_NN1 will_VM let_VVI water_NN1 flow_NN1 through_II the_AT membrane_NN1 ,_, while_CS it_PPH1 catches_VVZ suspended_JJ solids_NN2 and_CC other_JJ substances_NN2 ._. 
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The_AT EIS_NN1 spectra_NN2 were_VBDR fitted_VVN to_II equivalent_JJ circuits_NN2 (_( Fig_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
S9_FO )_) to_TO identify_VVI the_AT components_NN2 determining_VVG the_AT internal_JJ resistances_NN2 in_II the_AT BES-3-1_NP1 after_II the_AT 10th_MD and_CC 20th_MD cycle_NN1 ,_, for_IF assessing_VVG W(VI)_NN2 and_CC Mo(VI)_JJ reduction_NN1 ,_, and_CC hydrogen_NN1 evolution_NN1 (_( Fig_NN1 ._. 
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S10_FO and_CC Table_NN1 S4_FO )_) in_II31 comparison_II32 with_II33 the_AT bare_JJ electrodes_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Examination_NN1 of_IO evidence_NN1 along_II the_AT full_JJ causal_JJ chain_NN1 between_II emissions_NN2 and_CC specific_JJ impacts_NN2 provides_VVZ observational_JJ support_NN1 for_IF our_APPGE understanding_NN1 of_IO how_RRQ a_AT1 variety_NN1 of_IO systems_NN2 around_II the_AT world_NN1 are_VBR being_VBG impacted_VVN by_II anthropogenic_JJ emissions_NN2 ,_, contributing_VVG to_II a_AT1 more_RGR nuanced_JJ consideration_NN1 of_IO adaptation_NN1 options_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Here_RL RNa_NN1 and_CC RCa_NP1 are_VBR the_AT removal_NN1 rates_NN2 of_IO Na+_FO and_CC Ca2+_FO by_II MCDI_MC operation_NN1 ,_, respectively_RR ._. 
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<s>
Plant_NN1 response_NN1 to_II N_ZZ1 supply_VV0 under_II Cd_NN1 stress_NN1 also_RR varies_VVZ with_IW genotypes_NN2 (_( Qin_NP1 et_RA21 al_RA22 ._. 
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2009_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
PAFO-RO_NP1 ,_, a_AT1 more_RGR economically_RR feasible_JJ scheme_NN1 ,_, can_VM not_XX be_VBI a_AT1 viable_JJ option_NN1 due_II21 to_II22 exponential_NN1 increase_NN1 of_IO inlet_NN1 hydraulic_JJ pressure_NN1 leading_VVG to_II escalating_JJ OPEXpafo_NN1 of_IO negative_JJ dominance_NN1 in_II economic_JJ feasibility_NN1 over_II OPEXro_NP1 saving_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT resulting_JJ thin_JJ film_NN1 nanocomposite_NN1 (_( TFN_NP1 )_) membrane_NN1 exhibited_VVD 50%_NNU and_CC 85%_NNU higher_JJR water_NN1 flux_NN1 and_CC NaCl_NN1 rejection_NN1 respectively_RR compared_VVN to_II bare_JJ TFC_NP1 membrane_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
For_REX21 instance_REX22 ,_, phthalates_NN2 and_CC polybrominated_JJ diphenyl_NN1 ethers_NN2 are_VBR two_MC common_JJ additives_NN2 to_TO improve_VVI plasticity_NN1 and_CC fire_NN1 resistances_NN2 of_IO the_AT plastics_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Also_RR about_RG 8%_NNU of_IO organic_JJ dye_NN1 was_VBDZ degraded_VVN in_II presence_NN1 of_IO nano_NN1 catalyst_NN1 and_CC without_IW UV_JJ light_NN1 in_II 2_MC h_ZZ1 (_( Fig._NN1 9b_FO )_) ._. 
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<s>
The_AT mean_JJ length_NN1 and_CC width_NN1 were_VBDR 65.47_MC ±_FO 17.60_MC nm_FU and_CC 37.24_MC ±_FO 10.63_MC nm_FU ,_, respectively_RR ,_, which_DDQ complied_VVD with_IW the_AT definition_NN1 of_IO NPs_NP1 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT concepts_NN2 of_IO using_VVG Grignard_NP1 reagents_NN2 for_IF reversible_JJ Mg_NNU plating/stripping_NN1 can_VM not_XX be_VBI analogously_RR adapted_VVN to_II Ca_NP1 electrolytes_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Similarly_RR ,_, the_AT separations_NN2 achieved_VVN in_II different_JJ CDI_MC studies_NN2 are_VBR also_RR very_RG different_JJ ,_, which_DDQ poses_VVZ significant_JJ challenges_NN2 for_IF fair_JJ comparison_NN1 of_IO energy_NN1 efficiency_NN1 between_II different_JJ CDI_MC processes_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
PWP_NP1 of_IO the_AT TFN_NP1 membrane_NN1 (_( PEI/PDA-MWCNTs/TMC_NP1 )_) was_VBDZ 1.6_MC times_NNT2 (_( 15.32_MC lm-2_MC h-1_FO bar-1_MC1 )_) higher_JJR than_CSN that_DD1 of_IO pristine_JJ PEI/TMC_NP1 membrane_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Lowering_VVG the_AT price_NN1 of_IO enzymes_NN2 is_VBZ one_MC1 of_IO the_AT key_JJ challenges_NN2 to_TO stablish_VVI the_AT full_JJ potential_NN1 of_IO lignocellulosic_JJ biorefineries_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Observing_VVG colonization_NN1 of_IO submerged_JJ plastic_NN1 bags_NN2 ,_, Nauen-dorf_NN1 et_RA21 al_RA22 ._. 
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<s>
suggested_VVN that_DD1 surface_NN1 wettability_NN1 was_VBDZ probably_RR of_IO minor_JJ importance_NN1 for_IF bacterial_JJ attachment_NN1 compared_VVN to_II surface_NN1 roughness_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Significant_JJ positive_JJ linear_JJ relationships_NN2 (_( P_ZZ1 <_FO 0.01_MC )_) were_VBDR obtained_VVN between_II the_AT total_JJ marketable_JJ tomato_NN1 yield_NN1 and_CC the_AT mean_JJ fruit_NN weight_NN1 (_( r2_FO =_FO 0.607_MC )_) ,_, and_CC the_AT total_JJ marketable_JJ tomato_NN1 yield_NN1 and_CC the_AT number_NN1 of_IO fruits_NN2 per_II plant_NN1 (_( r2_FO =_FO 0.845_MC )_) considering_II the_AT data_NN of_IO two_MC experimental_JJ years_NNT2 ._. 
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<s>
When_CS n_ZZ1 values_NN2 are_VBR equal_JJ to_II 2.5_MC ,_, 2_MC ,_, or_CC 1_MC1 ,_, the_AT phase_NN1 transition_NN1 is_VBZ relatively_RR slow_JJ and_CC the_AT staging_NN1 model_NN1 can_VM stabilize_VVI in_II a_AT1 certain_JJ period_NN1 ,_, making_VVG these_DD2 models_NN2 easily_RR detectable_JJ by_II in_II operando_NN1 XRD_NP1 ._. 
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<s>
Chen_NP1 et_RA21 al_RA22 ._. 
</s>
<s>
reported_VVN a_AT1 nanoporous_JJ PdNi_NN1 (_( np-PdNi_NN1 )_) bimetallic_JJ catalyst_NN1 fabricated_VVN by_II electrochemically_RR dealloying_VVG a_AT1 Pd2oNi8o_FO alloy_NN1 in_II an_AT1 acid_NN1 solution_NN1 at_II a_AT1 low_JJ applied_JJ potential_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Moreover_RR ,_, many_DA2 studies_NN2 did_VDD not_XX analyze_VVI the_AT influent_JJ of_IO the_AT conventional_JJ treatment_NN1 (_( CT_NP1 )_) ,_, reducing_VVG the_AT data_NN for_IF the_AT calculation_NN1 of_IO the_AT removal_NN1 by_II the_AT CT_NN1 (_( 138_MC data_NN points_NN2 )_) compared_VVN to_II the_AT advanced_JJ wastewater_NN1 treatment_NN1 technologies_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Huang_VV0 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2019b_FO obtained_VVN similar_JJ results_NN2 :_: -MnO2_NN1 >_FO γ_NULL -MnO2_NN1 >_FO β_NULL -MnO2_NN1 >_FO δ-MnO2_FO ,_, and_CC the_AT authors_NN2 established_VVD linear_JJ re_II lationships_NN2 between_II some_DD of_IO the_AT physiochemical_JJ properties_NN2 and_CC the_AT catalytic_JJ reactivity_NN1 for_IF the_AT crystalline_JJ MnO2_FO ._. 
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<s>
LCI_JJ data_NN for_IF the_AT extraction_NN1 stage_NN1 ,_, which_DDQ was_VBDZ not_XX carried_VVN out_RP in_II our_APPGE laboratories_NN2 ,_, were_VBDR obtained_VVN from_II the_AT literature_NN1 ,_, in_II the_AT case_NN1 of_IO fish_NN gelatin_NN1 ,_, and_CC from_II Ecoinvent_NP1 2.2_MC database_NN1 ,_, available_JJ in_II SimaPro_NP1 software_NN1 ,_, in_II the_AT case_NN1 of_IO glycerol_NN1 and_CC the_AT additives_NN2 used_VVN in_II the_AT extraction_NN1 processes_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Human_JJ PFAS_NP2 exposure_NN1 has_VHZ been_VBN linked_VVN to_II cancer_NN1 ,_, elevated_JJ cholesterol_NN1 ,_, obesity_NN1 ,_, immune_JJ suppression_NN1 ,_, and_CC endocrine_JJ disruption_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT optimal_JJ structure_NN1 of_IO an_AT1 international_JJ BECCS_NN2 supply_VV0 chain_NN1 was_VBDZ found_VVN to_TO vary_VVI both_RR quantitatively_RR and_CC qualitatively_RR as_CSA the_AT focus_NN1 shifted_VVN from_II conserving_VVG water_NN1 ,_, land_NN1 or_CC biomass_NN1 ,_, to_II maximising_VVG energy_NN1 generated_VVD ,_, with_IW the_AT water_NN1 use_NN1 in_RR21 particular_RR22 increasing_VVG threefold_RR in_II the_AT land_NN1 and_CC biomass_NN1 use_NN1 minimisation_NN1 scenario_NN1 ,_, as_CSA compared_VVN to_II the_AT water_NN1 minimisation_NN1 scenario_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
While_CS a_AT1 growing_JJ body_NN1 of_IO information_NN1 is_VBZ becoming_VVG available_JJ from_II the_AT central_JJ and_CC western_JJ portions_NN2 of_IO the_AT Mediterranean_NP1 ,_, several_DA2 studies_NN2 have_VH0 highlighted_VVN the_AT remarkable_JJ lack_NN1 of_IO data_NN from_II the_AT eastern_JJ basin_NN1 ,_, which_DDQ has_VHZ been_VBN predicted_VVN by_II a_AT1 model_NN1 to_TO show_VVI some_DD of_IO the_AT highest_JJT level_NN1 of_IO pollution_NN1 in_II the_AT entire_JJ Mediterranean_JJ region_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
In_II contrast_NN1 ,_, three_MC studies_NN2 conducted_VVN at_II the_AT WWTP_NP1 Lausanne_NP1 ,_, Basel_NP1 ,_, and_CC Neugut_NP1 reported_VVD positive_JJ effects_NN2 of_IO an_AT1 ozone_NN1 treatment_NN1 on_II the_AT early_JJ development_NN1 of_IO O._NP1 mykiss_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT color_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 substance_NN1 corresponds_VVZ to_II the_AT wavelength_NN1 of_IO light_NN1 reflected_VVN by_II it_PPH1 ,_, and_CC it_PPH1 can_VM be_VBI expressed_VVN by_II three_MC coordinates_NN2 ,_, namely_REX ,_, L*_FO ,_, a*_FO ,_, and_CC b*_FO ,_, where_CS L*_FO is_VBZ the_AT lightness_NN1 of_IO color_NN1 of_IO an_AT1 object_NN1 (_( L*_FO =_FO 0_MC indicates_VVZ absolute_JJ black_JJ and_CC L*_FO =_FO 100_MC indicates_VVZ absolute_JJ white_JJ )_) ,_, a*_FO is_VBZ the_AT degree_NN1 of_IO red/green_NN1 ,_, and_CC b*is_FO the_AT degree_NN1 of_IO yellow/blue_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Kier2_FO (_( std_NNU coefficient_NN1 0.56_MC )_) is_VBZ a_AT1 topological_JJ shape_NN1 descriptor_NN1 related_VVN to_II spatial_JJ density_NN1 of_IO atoms_NN2 in_II a_AT1 molecule_NN1 ;_; in_II other_JJ words_NN2 this_DD1 descriptor_NN1 gives_VVZ information_NN1 about_II the_AT degree_NN1 of_IO the_AT linearity_NN1 of_IO the_AT molecular_JJ graph_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
A_AT1 comprehensive_JJ list_NN1 of_IO PV_NN1 driven_JJ RO_NN1 plants_NN2 (_( 1980-2008_MCMC )_) was_VBDZ summarized_VVN by_II Ali_NP1 et_RA21 al_RA22 .._... 
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<s>
Fig._NN1 9(a)_FO shows_VVZ the_AT CH4_FO concentration_NN1 histories_NN2 at_II each_DD1 monitoring_NN1 point_NN1 for_IF CH4-Air_JJ explosion_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT isotopic_JJ ratios_NN2 characteristic_NN1 of_IO both_DB2 sources_NN2 were_VBDR deduced_VVN from_II the_AT literature_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Evaluation_NN1 of_IO the_AT composition_NN1 of_IO the_AT technological_JJ solution_NN1 after_II treatment_NN1 showed_VVD that_CST about_II 3-4%_FO of_IO the_AT total_JJ amount_NN1 of_IO DMA_NP1 supplied_VVD to_II the_AT electromembrane_NN1 unit_NN1 is_VBZ subjected_VVN to_II hydrolysis_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
It_PPH1 is_VBZ worth_II noting_VVG that_CST a_AT1 visible_JJ transitional_JJ stage_NN1 and_CC an_AT1 irreversible_JJ phase_NN1 transformation_NN1 for_IF the_AT initial_JJ cycle_NN1 in_II NIBs/_FU KIBs_NN2 were_VBDR also_RR discovered_VVN ,_, which_DDQ were_VBDR not_XX detected_VVN in_II preceding_JJ reports_NN2 ._. 
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Interestingly_RR ,_, the_AT strong_JJ interaction_NN1 of_IO SRE_NN1 with_IW a_AT1 nuclear_JJ protein_NN1 from_II the_AT leaves_NN2 ,_, but_CCB not_XX those_DD2 from_II the_AT roots_NN2 ,_, of_IO spinach_NN1 and_CC tobacco_NN1 indicates_VVZ the_AT splicing_JJ enhancer_NN1 SRE-mediated_JJ regulation_NN1 of_IO the_AT tissue-specific_JJ alternative_JJ splicing_NN1 of_IO chAPX_NN1 pre-mRNA_NN1 (_( Yoshimura_NP1 et_RA21 al_RA22 ._. 
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2002_MC )_) ._. 
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Membrane_NN1 filtration_NN1 processes_NN2 involve_VV0 rejection_NN1 of_IO some_DD components_NN2 in_II a_AT1 solution_NN1 by_II the_AT membrane_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Linking_VVG human_JJ observational_JJ study_NN1 results_NN2 with_IW data_NN from_II experimental_JJ assays_NN2 of_IO environmental_JJ mixtures_NN2 strengthens_VVZ the_AT evidence_NN1 of_IO risk_NN1 from_II environmental_JJ exposures_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
It_PPH1 could_VM be_VBI found_VVN that_CST P-Co3O4//P-Co3O4_JJ couple_NN1 showed_VVD the_AT best_JJT performance_NN1 for_IF the_AT overall_JJ water_NN1 splitting_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Nowadays_RT ,_, the_AT removal_NN1 of_IO oil_NN1 by_II magnetism_NN1 is_VBZ attracting_JJ attention_NN1 ,_, as_CSA oil_NN1 or_CC emulsified_JJ oil_NN1 can_VM be_VBI easily_RR separated_VVN from_II water_NN1 by_II an_AT1 external_JJ magnetic_JJ field_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Here_RL we_PPIS2 focus_VV0 on_II nascent_JJ club_NN1 efforts_NN2 to_TO protect_VVI the_AT Arctic_JJ countries_NN2 ,_, a_AT1 setting_NN1 particularly_RR well_RR suited_VVN as_II a_AT1 political_JJ laboratory_NN1 for_IF revealing_JJ interests_NN2 and_CC behaviour_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Results_NN2 from_II repetitive_JJ CDI_MC tests_NN2 showed_VVD more_RGR efficient_JJ and_CC stable_JJ salt_NN1 removal_NN1 was_VBDZ achieved_VVN when_CS a_AT1 CDI_MC stack_NN1 was_VBDZ configured_VVN with_IW composite_JJ carbon_NN1 anodes_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
It_PPH1 also_RR visualizes_VVZ ,_, in_II the_AT form_NN1 of_IO maps_NN2 ,_, where_CS research_NN1 on_II bioaerosols_NN2 has_VHZ so_RG far_RR been_VBN conducted_VVN ,_, while_CS at_II the_AT same_DA time_NNT1 determining_VVG the_AT share_NN1 of_IO organisms_NN2 potentially_RR dangerous_JJ to_II human_JJ health_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
It_PPH1 seems_VVZ that_CST the_AT high_JJ hydrophobicity_NN1 of_IO the_AT CS/CA_FU membrane_NN1 and_CC the_AT strong_JJ attractive_JJ electrical_JJ interaction_NN1 force_NN1 of_IO the_AT CS/CA-Ag_FU membrane_NN1 with_IW the_AT bacteria_NN2 probably_RR promoted_VVN and_CC hence_RR contributed_VVN significantly_RR to_II the_AT adhesion_NN1 of_IO the_AT bacteria_NN2 on_II these_DD2 membrane_NN1 surfaces_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
This_DD1 would_VM ensure_VVI a_AT1 long-term_JJ supply_NN1 of_IO large_JJ woody_JJ debris_NN1 to_TO act_VVI as_CSA jams_NN2 and_CC dams_NN2 that_CST would_VM locally_RR increase_VVI water_NN1 levels_NN2 ,_, activating_VVG side_NN1 channels_NN2 and_CC promoting_VVG avulsions_NN2 (_( Wohl_NP1 ,_, 2017_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
In_II fact_NN1 ,_, for_IF two_MC different_JJ acids_NN2 ,_, it_PPH1 can_VM be_VBI the_AT case_NN1 that_CST the_AT pcKa_NN1 order_NN1 is_VBZ the_AT reverse_NN1 of_IO the_AT pKa_NN1 order_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Initially_RR ,_, a_AT1 solar_JJ evaporation_NN1 pond_NN1 evaporates_VVZ water_NN1 until_CS salt_NN1 saturation_NN1 ,_, i.e._REX just_JJ before_II precipitation_NN1 would_VM occur_VVI ._. 
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<s>
The_AT maximum_JJ adsorption_NN1 capacity_NN1 at_II pH_NN1 2_MC for_IF As(III)_NP1 and_CC As(V)_NN1 is_VBZ 251_MC mg/g_NNU and_CC 249_MC mg/g_NNU ,_, respectively_RR ,_, which_DDQ is_VBZ much_RR higher_JJR than_CSN most_DAT of_IO the_AT reported_JJ adsorbents_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Both_RR HA_UH and_CC FA_NP1 decreased_VVD the_AT generation_NN1 of_IO ,_, OH_UH by_II Fe2O3_FO ,_, TiO2_FO ,_, and_CC ZnO_NP1 ,_, and_CC HA_UH decreased_JJ ,_, OH_UH generation_NN1 less_RRR than_CSN FA_NP1 due_II21 to_II22 the_AT lower_JJR rate_NN1 constant_NN1 of_IO ,_, OH_UH reaction_NN1 with_IW HA_UH ._. 
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<s>
This_DD1 property_NN1 suggests_VVZ that_CST CS-nZVI_NN2 has_VHZ excellent_JJ application_NN1 potential_NN1 in_II high-concentration_JJ perchlorate_JJ wastewater_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
A_AT1 number_NN1 of_IO vacuum-freezing_JJ processes_NN2 have_VH0 been_VBN developed_VVN during_II the_AT past_JJ 50_MC years_NNT2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
When_CS the_AT H2_FO supply_NN1 is_VBZ limited_VVN ,_, methanogens_NN2 biofilms_NN2 may_VM switch_VVI to_TO iron_VVI as_II an_AT1 electron_NN1 donor_NN1 thus_RR causing_VVG more_RGR severe_JJ corrosion_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT surface_NN1 modifications_NN2 of_IO transition_NN1 metal_NN1 oxides-based_NN1 aircathode_NN1 catalysts_NN2 ,_, such_II21 as_II22 introducing_VVG covalent_JJ coupling_NN1 with_IW carbon_NN1 (_( MnCo2O4_FO )_) ,_, surface_NN1 fictionalization_NN1 of_IO MoS2_FO with_IW the_AT ionic_JJ liquid_NN1 ,_, can_VM promote_VVI the_AT specific_JJ capacity_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
However_RR ,_, several_DA2 challenges_NN2 are_VBR required_VVN to_TO be_VBI addressed_VVN before_II its_APPGE practical_JJ application_NN1 ,_, which_DDQ are_VBR mainly_RR from_II the_AT zinc-electrode_NN1 ,_, electrolyte_NN1 and_CC air-electrode_NN1 ._. 
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As_CSA only_RR small_JJ pieces_NN2 of_IO membrane_NN1 are_VBR needed_VVN for_IF tests_NN2 ,_, this_DD1 opens_VVZ up_RP the_AT possibility_NN1 of_IO producing_VVG relatively_RR large_JJ numbers_NN2 of_IO different_JJ membrane_NN1 samples_NN2 for_IF initial_JJ testing_NN1 at_II relatively_RR low_JJ cost_NN1 before_II commencing_VVG with_IW larger_JJR scale_NN1 production_NN1 of_IO the_AT most_RGT promising_JJ membranes_NN2 for_IF further_JJR testing_NN1 by_II conventional_JJ means_NN ._. 
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However_RR ,_, when_CS applied_VVN to_II sodium-ion_JJ batteries_NN2 ,_, o-NaV2O5_NN1 shows_VVZ poor_JJ cycling_NN1 performance_NN1 ._. 
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Concentrated-acid_NN1 hydrolysis_NN1 has_VHZ the_AT advantage_NN1 of_IO operating_VVG at_II low_JJ temperatures_NN2 and_CC releasing_VVG high_JJ yields_NN2 of_IO sugars_NN2 (_( Taherzadeh_NP1 and_CC Karimi_NP1 ,_, 2007_MC )_) ._. 
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Batch_NN1 adsorption_NN1 experiments_NN2 were_VBDR carried_VVN out_RP in_II 50_MC mL_NNU volumetric_JJ capacity_NN1 batch_NN1 bottles_NN2 with_IW a_AT1 GH_NP1 and_CC 20_MC mL_NNU of_IO ciprofloxacin_NN1 solution_NN1 of_IO different_JJ initial_JJ concentrations_NN2 ._. 
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First_MD ,_, the_AT assessment_NN1 of_IO risk_NN1 levels_NN2 across_II the_AT RFCs_NP1 has_VHZ been_VBN based_VVN primarily_RR on_II impacts_NN2 to_II physical_JJ and_CC ecological_JJ systems_NN2 ,_, given_VVN a_AT1 literature_NN1 on_II consequences_NN2 for_IF society_NN1 that_CST is_VBZ either_RR thin_JJ or_CC difficult_JJ to_TO relate_VVI to_II specific_JJ levels_NN2 of_IO climate_NN1 change_NN1 and_CC future_JJ societal_JJ conditions_NN2 ._. 
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These_DD2 results_NN2 indicate_VV0 that_CST the_AT new_JJ 6FDA-bisP_NN1 ,_, with_IW an_AT1 appropriate_JJ fabrication_NN1 method_NN1 and_CC inorganic_JJ filler_NN1 addition_NN1 to_II forming_VVG mixed_JJ matrix_NN1 membrane_NN1 ,_, has_VHZ a_AT1 good_JJ potential_NN1 for_CS CO2/CH4_FU gas_NN1 separation_NN1 applications_NN2 ._. 
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Motivated_VVN by_II this_DD1 the_AT paper_NN1 aims_VVZ to_TO answer_VVI the_AT three_MC following_JJ research_NN1 questions_NN2 :_: (_( i_ZZ1 )_) What_DDQ are_VBR the_AT differences_NN2 between_II the_AT key_JJ driving_JJ factors_NN2 of_IO efficiency_NN1 transformation_NN1 and_CC structure_NN1 transformation_NN1 ?_? 
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<s>
The_AT best_JJT fit_NN1 of_IO the_AT proposed_JJ model_NN1 occurred_VVD with_IW the_AT wastewater_JJR experimental_JJ data_NN at_II higher_JJR pressure_NN1 of_IO 500_MC kPa_NN1 (_( R2_FO =_FO 0.999_MC )_) ._. 
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The_AT WF_NP1 of_IO the_AT indicator_NN1 importance_NN1 value_NN1 was_VBDZ set_VVN to_II 70%_NNU ._. 
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Furthermore_RR ,_, in_II practice_NN1 most_DAT sources_NN2 suggest_VV0 decreasing_JJ domestic_JJ funds_NN2 actually_RR dramatically_RR increases_VVZ overall_JJ hospital_NN1 costs_NN2 (_( Robbins_NP1 and_CC McSwane_NP1 ,_, 1994_MC )_) ._. 
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Carotenoid_JJ pigments_NN2 are_VBR the_AT main_JJ tetraterpenes_NN2 ._. 
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Cr(VI)_NP1 was_VBDZ determined_VVN colorimetrically_RR applying_VVG the_AT diphenylcarbazide_NN1 method_NN1 (_( US_NP1 EPA_NP1 method_NN1 7196A_FO )_) after_II alkaline_JJ digestion_NN1 of_IO the_AT soil_NN1 samples_NN2 ._. 
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These_DD2 peaks_NN2 corresponded_VVN to_II the_AT ones_NN2 obtained_VVN by_II (_( Hiraishi_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 1995_MC )_) ._. 
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Both_DB2 the_AT chemical_JJ inhibitors_NN2 and_CC hairpin_NN1 sequences_NN2 alleviated_VVD the_AT BPA-induced_JJ levels_NN2 of_IO HIF-1a_FO expression_NN1 or_CC its_APPGE effective_JJ downstream_JJ target_NN1 ,_, VEGF_NP1 (_( Fig._NN1 1G_NNU --_NN1 H_ZZ1 ,_, K-L_JJ ,_, and_CC Fig._NN1 2I_FO --_NN1 P_ZZ1 )_) ._. 
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All_DB four_MC focus_VV0 solely_RR on_II the_AT need_NN1 for_IF effective_JJ treatment_NN1 and_CC do_VD0 not_XX explicitly_RR engage_VVI with_IW any_DD of_IO the_AT concerns_NN2 or_CC research_NN1 goals_NN2 highlighted_VVN in_II critical-analytical_JJ reviews_NN2 ._. 
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For_REX21 example_REX22 ,_, the_AT pH_NN1 of_IO the_AT majority_NN1 of_IO investigations_NN2 on_II ZnO_NP1 dissolution_NN1 is_VBZ higher_JJR than_CSN in_II the_AT other_JJ investigations_NN2 and_CC line_NN1 hence_RR up_RP far_RR out_RP on_II the_AT "_" pH_NN1 "_" dotted_JJ line_NN1 ._. 
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A_AT1 total_NN1 of_IO 1194_MC strains_NN2 were_VBDR investigated_VVN for_IF their_APPGE enzymatic_JJ capabilities_NN2 (_( Fig._NN1 3_MC )_) ._. 
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Nonetheless_RR ,_, this_DD1 modeling_NN1 included_VVD oxidation_NN1 of_IO Fe(II)_NP1 and_CC As(III)_NN1 using_VVG kinetic-rate_JJ expressions_NN2 that_CST were_VBDR not_XX considered_VVN in_II the_AT work_NN1 of_IO (_( Appelo_NP1 and_CC De_NP1 Vet_NN1 ,_, 2003_MC )_) ._. 
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The_AT force_NN1 at_II which_DDQ the_AT probe_NN1 tip_NN1 detaches_NN2 from_II the_AT surface_NN1 is_VBZ typically_RR recorded_VVN as_II the_AT adhesion_NN1 force_NN1 for_IF this_DD1 particular_JJ interaction_NN1 ._. 
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To_II our_APPGE knowledge_NN1 ,_, this_DD1 is_VBZ the_AT first_MD investigation_NN1 reporting_VVG the_AT occurrence_NN1 of_IO PIs_NN2 in_II human_JJ breast_NN1 milk_NN1 ._. 
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It_PPH1 would_VM become_VVI anionic_JJ when_CS the_AT pH_NN1 value_NN1 is_VBZ above_II 5.70_MC of_IO pKa2_FO ._. 
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The_AT WF_NP1 of_IO the_AT indicator_NN1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 importance_NN1 was_VBDZ set_VVN to_II 20%_NNU ._. 
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These_DD2 are_VBR inadequate_JJ for_IF evaluating_VVG the_AT photocatalytic_JJ activity_NN1 of_IO carbonaceous-TiO2_NN1 in_II real_JJ treatment_NN1 systems_NN2 ._. 
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Beyond_II 2050_MC ,_, the_AT bunker-free_JJ '_NULL 2_MC °C-statedINDC_FO '_NULL scenario_NN1 follows_VVZ the_AT average_NN1 of_IO the_AT bunker-free_JJ '_NULL 2_MC °_NNU C-2030peak_JJ '_NULL scenarios_NN2 ._. 
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By_II applying_VVG these_DD2 two_MC methods_NN2 of_IO crosslinkage_NN1 ,_, the_AT stabilization_NN1 on_II the_AT LbL_NP1 layer_NN1 under_II the_AT high_JJ ionic_JJ strength_NN1 conditions_NN2 and_CC chlorine_NN1 treatment_NN1 could_VM be_VBI improved_VVN ._. 
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In_BCL21 order_BCL22 to_TO implement_VVI a_AT1 sustainable_JJ strategy_NN1 ,_, it_PPH1 is_VBZ necessary_JJ to_TO assess_VVI the_AT sustainability_NN1 performance_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Fig._NN1 4e_FO reveals_VVZ the_AT hourly_JJ distribution_NN1 of_IO supersaturation_NN1 and_CC PM2.5_FO in_II Chengdu_NP1 ,_, Si-Chuan_JJ Province_NN1 ,_, in_II 26-31_MCMC December_NPM1 2015_MC ._. 
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As_II21 to_II22 AOB_NP1 ,_, Nitrosomonas_NP2 ,_, Nitrosospira_NP1 and_CC Nitrospirillum_NP1 were_VBDR detected_VVN ,_, but_CCB the_AT contents_NN2 were_VBDR all_DB blow_VV0 0.5%_FO (_( Grunditz_NP1 and_CC Dalhammar_NP1 ,_, 2001_MC ;_; Li_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2013_MC ;_; Tekerlekopoulou_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2013_MC )_) ._. 
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The_AT Ear_NN1 was_VBDZ evaluated_VVN to_TO be_VBI 88.9_MC kJ/mol_NN1 by_II the_AT Arrhenius_NP1 law_NN1 ,_, which_DDQ is_VBZ comparable_JJ to_II the_AT result_NN1 reported_VVN in_II literature_NN1 ._. 
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The_AT measured_JJ capacity_NN1 of_IO each_DD1 TOrCs_NP2 to_TO absorb_VVI the_AT photons_NN2 emitted_VVD by_II LP-UV_JJ (_( ε254_FO )_) and_CC MP-UV_JJ (_( ε200-320_FO )_) lamp_NN1 sources_NN2 is_VBZ shown_VVN in_II Table_NN1 1_MC1 ._. 
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The_AT WiCS_NN1 device_NN1 uploads_VVZ temperature_NN1 data_NN to_II the_AT centralized_JJ WiCS_NN1 database_NN1 wirelessly_RR ._. 
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Conversely_RR ,_, perception-based_JJ studies_NN2 have_VH0 so_RG far_RR suggested_VVN that_CST residents_NN2 of_IO Funafuti_NP1 ,_, Tuvalu_NP1 do_VD0 not_XX intend_VVI to_TO migrate_VVI permanently_RR as_CSA they_PPHS2 do_VD0 not_XX view_VVI climate_NN1 change_NN1 as_II a_AT1 pressing_JJ concern8_FO ._. 
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For_IF EC_NP1 and_CC OC_NP1 (_( derived_VVN from_II daily_JJ measurements_NN2 )_) ,_, a_AT1 greater_JJR proportion_NN1 of_IO annual_JJ average_NN1 EC_NP1 was_VBDZ accumulated_VVN at_II higher_JJR daily_NN1 PM10_FO concentrations_NN2 ,_, and_CC hence_RR during_II '_NULL Western_NP1 Europe_NP1 '_NULL trajectories_NN2 (_( 35%_NNU of_IO annual_JJ average_NN1 EC_NP1 at_II Harwell_NP1 in_II 2013_MC )_) ,_, compared_VVN to_II OC_NP1 (_( 21%_NNU of_IO annual_JJ average_JJ OC_NN1 )_) (_( Fig_NN1 ._. 
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S7_FO )_) ._. 
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The_AT high_JJ DN_NN1 solvents_NN2 contribute_VV0 to_II strong_JJ solvation_NN1 of_IO Li+_FO and_CC Li+-containing_FO species_NN ,_, the_AT dissolving_JJ free_JJ energy_NN1 change_NN1 (_( AG°_FO )_) will_VM be_VBI less_DAR than_CSN zero_MC ,_, which_DDQ move_VV0 the_AT equilibrium_NN1 to_II the_AT right_NN1 ,_, yielding_JJ solution-dominated_NN1 LiO2_FO ._. 
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<s>
Hmin_NP1 :_: MeOH_NP1 molar_JJ ratios_NN2 and_CC precursor_NN1 addition_NN1 to_TO synthesize_VVI ZIF-8_MC (_( <_FO 100_MC nm_FU )_) for_IF 6FDA-bisP_NN1 MMM_UH ._. 
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<s>
The_AT genera_NN2 Rhodococcus_NN1 ,_, Pseudomonas_NN1 ,_, Acinetobacter_NP1 ,_, Micrococcus_NP1 ,_, and_CC Bacillus_NN1 are_VBR well_RR known_VVN biosurfactant_JJ producers_NN2 which_DDQ have_VH0 been_VBN reported_VVN from_II cold_JJ regions_NN2 (_( Malavenda_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2010_MC ,_, 2015_MC ;_; Cai_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2014_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
This_DD1 study_NN1 represents_VVZ a_AT1 first_MD approach_NN1 in_II the_AT understanding_NN1 of_IO the_AT formation_NN1 of_IO these_DD2 bubbles_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT adhesive_JJ force_NN1 changes_NN2 with_IW the_AT perimeter_NN1 length_NN1 of_IO the_AT three_MC phase_NN1 contact_NN1 line_NN1 ,_, between_II the_AT particle_NN1 ,_, the_AT liquid_NN1 and_CC the_AT air_NN1 bubble_NN1 ,_, which_DDQ is_VBZ proportional_JJ to_II the_AT particle_NN1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 size_NN1 ._. 
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We_PPIS2 also_RR assess_VV0 the_AT difference_NN1 among_II the_AT clusters_NN2 in_II31 terms_II32 of_II33 eco-innovation_NN1 using_VVG analysis_NN1 of_IO variance_NN1 (_( ANOVA_NP1 )_) ._. 
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For_REX21 example_REX22 ,_, Oliveira_NP1 et_RA21 al_RA22 ._. 
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presented_VVN a_AT1 very_RG comprehensive_JJ review_NN1 of_IO all_DB the_AT developments_NN2 in_II mathematical_JJ models_NN2 of_IO MFC_NP1 ._. 
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Although_CS the_AT United_NP1 States_NP1 is_VBZ not_XX included_VVN in_II the_AT OECD_NP1 analysis_NN1 ,_, it_PPH1 is_VBZ believed_VVN that_CST 11%_NNU of_IO Americans_NN2 over_II the_AT age_NN1 of_IO 12_MC take_VV0 antidepressants_NN2 ._. 
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V._II P._NNU V._NNU helped_VVN gather_VVI data_NN in_II the_AT field_NN1 and_CC took_VVD drone_NN1 footage_NN1 of_IO Ubay_NP1 island_NN1 ._. 
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Unfortunately_RR ,_, only_RR few_DA2 researches_NN2 on_II new_JJ model_NN1 development_NN1 and_CC theoretical_JJ analysis_NN1 for_IF characterizing_VVG the_AT FO_NP1 membrane_NN1 have_VH0 been_VBN established_VVN so_RG far_RR ,_, due_II21 to_II22 their_APPGE complexity_NN1 and_CC instability_NN1 ._. 
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The_AT goal_NN1 of_IO the_AT current_JJ analysis_NN1 is_VBZ to_TO provide_VVI a_AT1 risk-based_JJ prioritization_NN1 of_IO HD_NP1 contaminants_NN2 ,_, focusing_VVG on_II the_AT most_RGT recent_JJ data_NN available_JJ from_II the_AT United_NP1 States_NP1 and_CC Canada_NP1 ._. 
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For_REX21 instance_REX22 ,_, planting_VVG sweet_JJ corn_NN1 as_CSA catch_NN1 crop_NN1 can_VM reduce_VVI N_ZZ1 losses_NN2 by_II 12.6%_FO ,_, mostly_RR via_II the_AT reduction_NN1 of_IO DON_NN1 leaching_VVG (_( 22.2%_FO )_) compared_VVN with_IW DIN_NN1 leaching_VVG (_( Guo_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2018_MC )_) ,_, while_CS the_AT implementation_NN1 of_IO non-inversion_JJ tillage_NN1 and_CC cover_VV0 crops_NN2 leads_VVZ to_II a_AT1 net_JJ retention_NN1 of_IO N_ZZ1 at_II the_AT field-scale_JJ ,_, mainly_RR due_II21 to_II22 the_AT significant_JJ reduction_NN1 in_II DIN_NN1 leaching_VVG compared_VVN with_IW DON_NN1 leaching_VVG (_( Walmsley_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2018_MC )_) ._. 
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If_CS the_AT observed_JJ results_NN2 could_VM be_VBI valid_JJ by_II more_DAR evidences_NN2 from_II field_NN1 studies_NN2 in_II future_NN1 ,_, it_PPH1 is_VBZ strongly_RR highlighted_VVN that_CST future_JJ intervention_NN1 programs_NN2 ,_, especially_RR those_DD2 carbon_NN1 projects_NN2 addressing_VVG climate_NN1 change_NN1 by_II replacing_VVG coals_NN2 with_IW biomass_NN1 fuels_NN2 ,_, should_VM take_VVI health_NN1 outcomes_NN2 into_II consideration_NN1 ._. 
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In_II the_AT AS_RG ,_, low_JJ urban_JJ density_NN1 and_CC high_JJ percentage_NN1 of_IO green_JJ open_JJ space_NN1 is_VBZ necessary_JJ to_TO reduce_VVI the_AT UHI_NN1 and_CC coastal_JJ flood_NN1 risk_NN1 ._. 
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After_CS the_AT zincate_NN1 solution_NN1 concentration_NN1 reaches_VVZ a_AT1 critical_JJ value_NN1 ,_, ZnO_NP1 is_VBZ initiated_VVN to_TO deposit_VVI on_II the_AT zinc-electrode_JJ surface_NN1 ,_, giving_VVG rise_NN1 to_II the_AT formation_NN1 of_IO passivation_NN1 (_( Step_NN1 2_MC )_) ._. 
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The_AT average_JJ concentrations_NN2 of_IO soils_NN2 derived_VVN from_II ultramafic/ophiolitic_JJ rocks_NN2 and_CC specifically_RR serpentinites_NN2 are_VBR 16%_NNU MgO_NN1 and_CC <2%_FO CaO_NP1 ._. 
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The_AT Supporting_JJ Information_NN1 is_VBZ available_JJ free_JJ of_IO charge_NN1 on_II the_AT ACS_NN2 Publications_NN2 website_NN1 at_II DOI_NP1 :_: 10.1021/acs_FU ._. 
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These_DD2 concerns_NN2 related_VVN to_II the_AT methodological_JJ reliability_NN1 and_CC validity_NN1 of_IO removal_NN1 efficiency_NN1 assessments_NN2 are_VBR closely_RR tied_VVN to_II the_AT second_MD concern_NN1 --_NN1 formation_NN1 of_IO by-products_NN2 --_JJ as_CSA both_RR hinder_VV0 calculations_NN2 of_IO mass-flows_NN2 ,_, among_II other_JJ issues_NN2 ._. 
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Different_JJ bimetallic_JJ Ni_NP1 catalysts_NN2 consisting_VVG of_IO noble_JJ metals_NN2 such_II21 as_II22 Pt_FO ,_, Ru_NP1 ,_, Rh_FO ,_, and_CC Ir_NN1 as_II31 well_II32 as_II33 non-noble_JJ metals_NN2 such_II21 as_II22 Co_NP1 ,_, Cu_FO ,_, lanthanides_NN2 (_( Pr_NP1 ,_, Gd_JJ ,_, Lu_NP1 )_) ,_, and_CC actinides_NN2 (_( Th_NP1 ,_, U_ZZ1 )_) have_VH0 been_VBN studied_VVN ._. 
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First_MD ,_, an_AT1 additional_JJ energy_NN1 substrate_NN1 such_II21 as_II22 Fe2+_FO and_CC S°_FO was_VBDZ added_VVN for_IF shorting_VVG the_AT strain_NN1 adaptive-growing_JJ phase_NN1 (_( SAG_VV0 phase_NN1 )_) ._. 
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In_RR21 addition_RR22 ,_, removal_NN1 of_IO contaminants_NN2 via_II adsorption_NN1 using_VVG different_JJ materials_NN2 such_II21 as_II22 activated_JJ carbon_NN1 ,_, chitosan_NN1 ,_, activated_VVD alumina_NN1 ,_, nanosized_VVD metal_NN1 oxides_NN2 such_II21 as_II22 aluminium_NN1 oxide_NN1 ,_, cerium_NN1 oxide_NN1 ,_, zinc_NN1 oxide_NN1 ,_, titanium_NN1 oxide_NN1 ,_, magnesium_NN1 oxide_NN1 ,_, hydrous_JJ ferric_JJ oxide_NN1 ,_, goethite_NN1 and_CC hematite_NN1 for_IF wastewater_JJR treatment_NN1 are_VBR well_RR studied_VVN ._. 
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Especially_RR ,_, graphene_NN1 ,_, another_DD1 2D_NNU material_NN1 ,_, can_VM heighten_VVI the_AT surface_NN1 area_NN1 and_CC offer_VVI conductive_JJ channels_NN2 and_CC excellent_JJ mechanical_JJ properties_NN2 ,_, thereby_RR elevating_VVG the_AT cycling_NN1 stability_NN1 of_IO the_AT electrodes_NN2 ._. 
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One_MC1 of_IO a_AT1 parallelly_RR paired_VVN hemes_NN2 is_VBZ ,_, however_RR ,_, nearly_RR perpendicular_JJ to_II another_DD1 adjacent_JJ heme_NN1 (_( i._MC e._ZZ1 ,_, T-shaped_JJ pair_NN )_) (_( Filman_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2019_MC ;_; Wang_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2019_MC )_) ._. 
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The_AT second_MD stack_NN1 assembly_NN1 consisted_VVN of_IO commercial_JJ Pt/C_NNU at_II both_DB2 the_AT cathode_NN1 and_CC anode_NN1 ._. 
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The_AT Italian_JJ environmental_JJ law_NN1 D._NP1 Lgs.152/06_FU prescribes_VVZ that_CST acceptable_JJ soil_NN1 concentration_NN1 limits_VVZ for_IF aldrin/dieldrin/endrin/_NN1 chlordane_NN1 is_VBZ 10_MC ng/g_FU in_II residential_JJ ,_, recreational_JJ or_CC park_NN1 areas_NN2 (_( Lgs_NP1 ,_, China_NP1 is_VBZ suffering_VVG from_II serious_JJ air_NN1 pollution_NN1 (_( Che_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2014_MC ;_; Guo_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2016b_FO ;_; Chen_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2017a_FO ;_; Tong_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2018a_FO ,_, 2018b_FO ;_; 2018c_FO ;_; Luo_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2018_MC ;_; Liu_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2018a_FO ;_; Yang_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2018_MC )_) ,_, which_DDQ is_VBZ dominated_VVN with_IW aerosol_NN1 particles_NN2 that_CST adversely_RR affect_VV0 human_JJ health_NN1 (_( Gu_NP1 and_CC Yim_NP1 ,_, 2016_MC ;_; Cohen_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2017_MC ;_; Li_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2017_MC ;_; Ho_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2017_MC ;_; Gu_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2018_MC )_) ._. 
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It_PPH1 appears_VVZ that_CST the_AT initial_JJ zonal_JJ mean_JJ decline_NN1 in_II the_AT Southern_JJ Hemisphere_NN1 largely_RR persists_VVZ over_II time_NNT1 ,_, whereas_CS the_AT Northern_JJ Hemisphere_NN1 decline_NN1 is_VBZ more_RGR transient_JJ ,_, mainly_RR due_II21 to_II22 the_AT slow_JJ moistening_NN1 in_II the_AT subtropical_JJ northwest_ND1 Pacific_NP1 and_CC the_AT east_ND1 coast_NN1 of_IO the_AT United_NP1 States_NP1 (_( Fig._NN1 1f_RA )_) ._. 
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Also_RR ,_, Fig._NN1 10b_FO displays_VVZ the_AT charge_NN1 and_CC discharge_VV0 capacities_NN2 as_II a_AT1 function_NN1 of_IO cycle_NN1 number_NN1 ,_, as_II31 well_II32 as_II33 the_AT current_JJ efficiencies_NN2 ._. 
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Resin_NN1 acids_NN2 ,_, namely_REX dehydroabietic_JJ acid_NN1 (_( DHA_NP1 )_) ,_, are_VBR added_VVN during_II rubber_JJ manufacturing_NN1 as_CSA emulsifiers_NN2 (_( Rogge_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 1993_MC )_) and_CC have_VH0 recently_RR been_VBN proposed_VVN as_II an_AT1 alternative_JJ marker_NN1 for_IF TWP_NP1 (_( Kumata_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2011_MC )_) ._. 
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