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The_AT Schottky_JJ barrier_NN1 height_NN1 can_VM be_VBI obtained_VVN from_II the_AT lnJ–V_NN1 curves_NN2 according_II21 to_II22 the_AT thermionicemissionbased_JJ diode_NN1 equations10_FO FORMULAS_NN2 where_RRQ J_ZZ1 (_( T_ZZ1 ,_, V_ZZ1 )_) ,_, V_ZZ1 ,_, KB_NNU ,_, T_ZZ1 ,_, Js(T)_NP1 ,_, e_ZZ1 ,_, and_CC are_VBR the_AT current_JJ density_NN1 across_II the_AT Ag/TiO2_FU interface_NN1 ,_, applied_JJ voltage_NN1 ,_, Boltzmann_NP1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 constant_JJ ,_, absolute_JJ temperature_NN1 ,_, saturation_NN1 current_JJ density_NN1 ,_, unit_NN1 of_IO elementary_JJ charge_NN1 ,_, and_CC zero_NN1 bias_NN1 barrier_NN1 height_NN1 ,_, respectively_RR ._. 
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In_RR21 brief_RR22 ,_, cells_NN2 were_VBDR exposed_VVN to_TO l-GO_VVI and_CC s-GO_VVI for_IF 24_MC h_ZZ1 in_BCL21 order_BCL22 to_TO allow_VVI the_AT production_NN1 of_IO TNF-_NN1 in_II the_AT presence_NN1 or_CC absence_NN1 of_IO polymyxin_NN1 B._NP1 When_CS added_VVN into_II the_AT interaction_NN1 of_IO GO_VV0 with_IW cells_NN2 ,_, polymyxin_NN1 B_ZZ1 would_VM prevent_VVI the_AT production_NN1 of_IO TNF-_NN1 if_CS this_DD1 production_NN1 is_VBZ mediated_VVN by_II endotoxin_NN1 and_CC not_XX the_AT result_NN1 of_IO sterile_JJ inflammation_NN1 due_II21 to_II22 the_AT GO_NN1 sheets_NN2 ._. 
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The_AT test_NN1 samples_NN2 were_VBDR prepared_VVN with_IW three_MC different_JJ notch_NN1 opening_NN1 angles_NN2 of_IO 30°_NNU ,_, 60°_NNU ,_, and_CC 90°_NNU and_CC four_MC different_JJ notch_NN1 tip_NN1 radii_NN2 of_IO 0.5_MC ,_, 1_MC1 ,_, 2_MC ,_, and_CC 4_MC mm_NNU ._. 
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Moreover_RR ,_, spherulitic_JJ morphology_NN1 and_CC crystal_NN1 structures_NN2 were_VBDR determined_VVN by_II polarized_JJ optical_JJ microscopy_NN1 (_( POM_NP1 )_) ._. 
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This_DD1 concept_NN1 of_IO using_VVG high-velocity_JJ collision_NN1 to_TO join_VVI metals_NN2 has_VHZ been_VBN around_RP for_IF a_AT1 few_DA2 decades_NNT2 ._. 
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A_AT1 translation_NN1 of_IO this_DD1 strategy_NN1 to_II three-dimensional_JJ networks_NN2 has_VHZ not_XX yet_RR emerged_VVN ,_, but_CCB an_AT1 alternative_JJ approach_NN1 is_VBZ to_TO engineer_VVI long-range_JJ delocalization_NN1 through_II installation_NN1 of_IO closely_RR spaced_VVN ,_, mixed-valence_JJ functionalities_NN2 that_CST promote_VV0 intervalence_NN1 charge_NN1 transfer12_FO ._. 
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For_IF Alloy_NN1 3_MC ,_, the_AT crack_NN1 has_VHZ a_AT1 tendency_NN1 to_TO turn_VVI towards_II the_AT lower_JJR cutting_NN1 edge_NN1 ._. 
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As_CSA demonstrated_VVN in_II Figure_NN1 3_MC ,_, the_AT strain_NN1 relaxes_VVZ above_II hc_NNU which_DDQ is_VBZ usually_RR between_II a_AT1 few_DA2 nanometers_NN2 to_II a_AT1 few_DA2 tens_MC2 of_IO nanometers_NN2 ,_, depending_II21 on_II22 the_AT degree_NN1 of_IO lattice_NN1 mismatch_NN1 ._. 
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The_AT mono-digestion_NN1 of_IO PM_NP1 led_VVD to_II a_AT1 slight_JJ inhibition_NN1 in_II the_AT biogas_NN2 yield_VV0 ,_, but_CCB the_AT methane_NN1 yield_NN1 was_VBDZ not_XX affected_VVN ._. 
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CNF_NP1 aqueous_JJ dispersions_NN2 with_IW a_AT1 concentration_NN1 of_IO 1.5_MC wt_NN1 %_NNU were_VBDR purchased_VVN from_II Woodelfbio_NP1 Cellulose_NP1 Co._NP1 ,_, Ltd_JJ ._. 
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(_( Tianjin_NP1 ,_, China_NP1 )_) ._. 
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Similar_JJ to_II previous_JJ reports_NN2 ,_, the_AT PL_NN1 spectra_NN2 of_IO all_DB AuNRs_NN2 showed_VVD a_AT1 main_JJ peak_NN1 with_IW a_AT1 resonance_NN1 energy_NN1 and_CC line_NN1 shape_NN1 similar_JJ to_II the_AT longitudinal_JJ surface_NN1 plasmon_NN1 resonance_NN1 (_( LSPR_NP1 )_) observed_VVD in_II the_AT correlated_JJ DFS_NN2 spectra_NN2 ._. 
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Thick_JJ electrospun_NN1 fibers_NN2 provide_VV0 enhanced_JJ biocompatibility_NN1 through_II better_JJR nutrient_NN1 exchange_NN1 owing_II21 to_II22 the_AT larger_JJR pores_NN2 and_CC higher_JJR total_JJ porosity_NN1 ._. 
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While_CS this_DD1 may_VM explain_VVI the_AT correspondence_NN1 of_IO C2_FO and_CC C3_FO intensities_NN2 ,_, it_PPH1 is_VBZ important_JJ to_TO note_VVI the_AT absence_NN1 of_IO C3_FO intensity_NN1 near_II the_AT MPB_NP1 ._. 
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QSTEM_NP1 image_NN1 simulation_NN1 software_NN1 was_VBDZ also_RR used_VVN to_TO simulate_VVI the_AT STEM_NN1 image_NN1 ,_, using_VVG a_AT1 model_NN1 of_IO 10nm_FO of_IO L10–FePtCu_NN1 ._. 
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This_DD1 is_VBZ however_RR a_AT1 good_JJ indicator_NN1 of_IO the_AT partial_JJ retaining_NN1 of_IO the_AT dynamic_JJ nature_NN1 in_II multilayers_NN2 incorporating_VVG large_JJ amounts_NN2 of_IO inorganic_JJ fillers_NN2 ,_, which_DDQ could_VM be_VBI a_AT1 prerequisite_NN1 for_IF the_AT synergy_NN1 to_TO exist_VVI between_II the_AT two_MC stratified_JJ layers_NN2 during_II self-healing_NN1 ._. 
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Fe-EDTA_NP1 ,_, 0.28_MC mg_NNU Na2MoO4·2H2O_FO ,_, 0.20_MC mg_NNU CuSO4·5H2O_FO ,_, 0.50_MC mg_NNU FeSO4·7H2O_FO ,_, 0.40_MC mg_NNU ZnSO4·7H2O_FO ,_, 0.02_MC mg_NNU H3BO4_FO ,_, 0.05_MC mg_NNU CoCl2·6H2O_FO ,_, 0.28_MC mg_NNU EDTA-Na2·2H2O_FO ,_, 0.02_MC mg_NNU MnCl2·4H2O_FO and_CC 0.01_MC mg_NNU NiCl2·6H2O_FO (_( pH_NN1 6.8_MC )_) ._. 
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The_AT oxide_NN1 film_NN1 removal_NN1 ,_, as_II31 well_II32 as_II33 the_AT increase_NN1 of_IO the_AT side_NN1 wall_NN1 roughness_NN1 and_CC temperature_NN1 ,_, will_VM improve_VVI the_AT surface_NN1 tension_NN1 ._. 
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In_RR21 addition_RR22 ,_, our_APPGE data_NN indicated_VVD that_CST a_AT1 ligand-treatment-induced_JJ increase_NN1 in_II integrin_NN1 5_MC levels_NN2 correlates_VVZ with_IW VEGF_NP1 secretion_NN1 ,_, similar_JJ to_II previous_JJ findings_NN2 &lsqb;_( 27,28_MC &rsqb;_) ._. 
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Recently_RR ,_, conversion-type_JJ transition-metal_JJ oxides_NN2 (_( TMOs_NP2 )_) ,_, such_II21 as_II22 Fe3O4_FO ,_, Co3O4_FO ,_, NiO_NP1 ,_, ZnO_NP1 and_CC Mn3O4_FO have_VH0 attracted_VVN considerable_JJ attention_NN1 owing_II21 to_II22 their_APPGE high_JJ specific_JJ capacities_NN2 ,_, cost-effective_JJ and_CC storage-abundant_JJ properties_NN2 &lsqb;_( &lsqb;_( 19_MC &rsqb;_) ,_, &lsqb;_( 20_MC &rsqb;_) ,_, &lsqb;_( 21_MC &rsqb;_) ,_, &lsqb;_( 22_MC &rsqb;_) ,_, &lsqb;_( 23_MC &rsqb;_) ,_, &lsqb;_( 24_MC &rsqb;_) &rsqb;_) ._. 
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Triethoxyvinylsilane_NP1 (_( TEVS_NP2 )_) and_CC methyldiethoxysilane_NN1 (_( MDES_NP2 )_) was_VBDZ purchased_VVN from_II Aldrich_NP1 Inc_JJ ._. 
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(_( USA_NP1 )_) ._. 
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The_AT physicochemical_JJ characteristics_NN2 of_IO the_AT PEGylated_JJ liposomes_NN2 before_II and_CC after_CS their_APPGE recovery_NN1 from_II the_AT blood_NN1 circulation_NN1 of_IO healthy_JJ and_CC tumor_NN1 bearing_VVG mice_NN2 are_VBR summarized_VVN in_II Tables_NN2 S1_FO and_CC S2_FO ._. 
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However_RR ,_, it_PPH1 is_VBZ difficult_JJ to_TO distinguish_VVI them_PPHO2 due_II21 to_II22 the_AT weak_JJ XRD_NP1 signals_NN2 caused_VVN by_II the_AT low_JJ content_NN1 and_CC partial_JJ overlapping_JJ with_IW the_AT XRD_NP1 patterns_NN2 of_IO 1D_NNU orthorhombic_JJ CsPbI3_FO and_CC Cs4PbI6_FO ._. 
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Experimental_JJ conditions_NN2 :_: 23_MC °C_NNU and_CC 1_MC1 wt%_FO SDS_NP1 ._. 
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To_TO further_RRR elucidate_VVI the_AT long_JJ cycle_NN1 stability_NN1 and_CC rate_NN1 performance_NN1 ,_, LNCM_NP1 and_CC LNCM-2_MC are_VBR contrasted_VVN at_II 5_MC C_NNU between_II 3_MC and_CC 4.5_MC V_NNU in_II Figure_NN1 4d_NNU ._. 
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In_II this_DD1 study_NN1 ,_, the_AT adsorption_NN1 isotherms_NN2 and_CC kinetics_NN1 were_VBDR performed_VVN to_TO illustrate_VVI the_AT adsorption_NN1 mechanism_NN1 of_IO anion_NN1 exchange_NN1 resins_NN2 ,_, 717_MC and_CC D301R-Cl_NP1 ,_, for_IF removing_VVG ROM_NN1 from_II leachate_NN1 ._. 
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We_PPIS2 demonstrated_VVD proangiogenic_JJ and_CC proneurogenic_JJ effects_NN2 of_IO PHSRN_NP1 treatment_NN1 in_II the_AT ischemia_NN1 stroke_NN1 model_NN1 of_IO MCAO_NN1 rats_NN2 ._. 
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Microdroplet_NN1 test_NN1 was_VBDZ conducted_VVN to_TO determine_VVI fiberepoxy_JJ resin_NN1 adhesion_NN1 ._. 
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Fig_NN1 1_MC1 shows_VVZ the_AT general_JJ procedure_NN1 used_VVN for_IF the_AT design_NN1 and_CC generation_NN1 of_IO non-detour_JJ phase_NN1 holograms_VVZ on_II the_AT surface_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 workpiece_NN1 ._. 
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The_AT first_MD coordination_NN1 shell_NN1 of_IO Ni_NP1 in_II NiO_NP1 contains_VVZ six_MC oxygen_NN1 anions_NN2 at_II a_AT1 distance_NN1 of_IO 2.07_MC A_ZZ1 followed_VVN by_II a_AT1 Ni_NP1 coordination_NN1 shell_NN1 at_II 2.95_MC A._NNU In_II LSTN_NP1 (_( Figure_NN1 5b_FO )_) ,_, the_AT first_MD oxygen_NN1 coordination_NN1 shell_NN1 was_VBDZ found_VVN at_II a_AT1 mean_JJ distance_NN1 of_IO 1.95_MC A_ZZ1 ,_, which_DDQ is_VBZ shorter_JJR than_CSN in_II NiO_NP1 because_II21 of_II22 the_AT higher_JJR oxidation_NN1 state_NN1 of_IO Ni_NP1 in_II LSTN_NP1 ._. 
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As_CSA seen_VVN in_II Fig_NN1 5(a)_FO for_IF neat_JJ P_ZZ1 sharp_JJ peaks_NN2 were_VBDR observed_VVN at_II 14.4°_FO ,_, 17°_NNU and_CC 18.7°_FO and_CC a_AT1 doublet_NN1 at_II 21.3°_FO followed_VVN by_II weak_JJ peaks_NN2 at_II 22°_NNU ,_, 25.7°_FO and_CC 28.6°_FO which_DDQ represented_VVD the_AT '_NULL '_NULL diffraction_NN1 peaks_NN2 ._. 
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Picro-sirius_JJ red_JJ stained_JJ samples_NN2 were_VBDR imaged_VVN under_II polarized_JJ light_JJ microscopy_NN1 to_TO investigate_VVI collagen_NN1 fiber_NN1 orientation_NN1 ._. 
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Similar_JJ to_II previous_JJ studies_NN2 ,_, the_AT activity_NN1 of_IO Pt1Rh2/Rh_FU exhibited_JJ pH-_NN1 and_CC temperature-dependence_NN1 for_IF TMB_NP1 oxidation_NN1 ,_, among_II which_DDQ the_AT highest_JJT activity_NN1 was_VBDZ achieved_VVN at_II pH_NN1 4_MC and_CC 40_MC °C_NNU (_( Figure_NN1 6A_FO ,_, B_ZZ1 )_) ._. 
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Fig_NN1 4_MC mRNA_NN1 expression_NN1 of_IO the_AT genes_NN2 regulating_VVG paracellular_JJ activity_NN1 through_II (_( A_ZZ1 )_) the_AT tight_JJ junction_NN1 proteins_NN2 CLDN5_FO ,_, OCLN_NP1 ,_, ZO1_FO ,_, and_CC ZO2_FO and_CC the_AT adherens_NN2 junction_NN1 proteins_NN2 CDH1_FO and_CC CDH5_FO and_CC (_( B_ZZ1 )_) matrix_NN1 metalloproteinases_VVZ for_IF control_NN1 and_CC DFX-treated_JJ animals_NN2 ._. 
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The_AT calculated_JJ equilibrium_NN1 lattice_NN1 constant_NN1 of_IO bulk_NN1 MgH2_FO is_VBZ c/a_FU =_FO 0.672_MC ,_, which_DDQ is_VBZ close_JJ to_II the_AT value_NN1 reported_VVN in_II previous_JJ theoretical_JJ and_CC experimental_JJ studies_NN2 (_( Table_NN1 1_MC1 )_) ._. 
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For_IF STM_NN1 imaging_NN1 we_PPIS2 set_VV0 a_AT1 sample_NN1 bias_NN1 of_IO 0.1–2_MCMC V_NNU and_CC tunnelling_NN1 currents_NN2 of_IO 0.05–2.5_MCMC nA_UH ._. 
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AZ_NP1 7127_MC photoresist_VV0 was_VBDZ spin-coated_JJ onto_II MoS2_FO at_II 3000_MC rpm_NNU for_IF 45_MC s_ZZ1 and_CC then_RT baked_VVN at_II 95_MC °C_NNU for_IF 1_MC1 min_NNU ._. 
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After_CS placement_NN1 in_II an_AT1 incubator_NN1 for_IF 2_MC h_ZZ1 ,_, we_PPIS2 measured_VVD the_AT absorbance_NN1 of_IO each_DD1 sample_NN1 using_VVG a_AT1 microplate_NN1 reader_NN1 at_II a_AT1 wavelength_NN1 of_IO 450_MC nm_FU ._. 
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When_CS the_AT annealing_JJ temperature_NN1 increases_VVZ to_II 700_MC °C_NNU ,_, the_AT total_NN1 N_ZZ1 content_NN1 of_IO the_AT NCWs-700_MC decreases_VVZ to_II 9.3_MC at%_FO and_CC corresponding_JJ device_NN1 delivers_VVZ a_AT1 highest_JJT PCE_NN1 of_IO 8.90%_FO ._. 
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The_AT depleted_JJ blast_NN1 furnace_NN1 slag_NN1 (_( silicon_NN1 ,_, aluminium_NN1 and_CC iron_NN1 oxides_NN2 )_) of_IO the_AT Umicore_NN1 plant_NN1 is_VBZ used_VVN for_IF construction_NN1 purposes_NN2 ,_, such_II21 as_II22 dykes_NN2 ._. 
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The_AT source_NN1 and_CC drain_VV0 electrodes_NN2 are_VBR modified_VVN with_IW the_AT enzyme_NN1 glucose_NN1 oxidase_NN1 (_( GOx_NP1 )_) ,_, biocompatible_JJ polymer_NN1 chitosan_NN1 ,_, and_CC single-walled_JJ carbon_NN1 nanotubes_NN2 (_( SWCNTs_NP1 )_) using_VVG inkjet_NN1 printing_NN1 ._. 
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The_AT more_RRR R_NP1 value_NN1 of_IO NBR_NP1 phase_NN1 in_II the_AT blend_NN1 gives_VVZ the_AT idea_NN1 of_IO its_APPGE better_JJR affinity_NN1 toward_II the_AT NBR_NP1 phase_NN1 compare_VV0 to_TO EPDM_VVI phase_NN1 ._. 
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For_REX21 example_REX22 ,_, a_AT1 colourless_JJ plate_NN1 of_IO (_( BA_NP1 )_) 2PbBr4_FO (_( n_ZZ1 =_FO 1_MC1 )_) with_IW dimensions_NN2 of_IO 0.188_MC ×_II 0.158_MC ×_II 0.026_MC mm+3_FO was_VBDZ mounted_VVN on_II fibre_NN1 glass_NN1 using_VVG superglue_NN1 and_CC measured_VVN at_II 100_MC K._NP1 Data_NN were_VBDR corrected_VVN for_IF absorption_NN1 effects_NN2 using_VVG the_AT multi-scan_JJ method_NN1 (_( SADABS_NP2 )_) ._. 
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The_AT TEM_NN1 image_NN1 and_CC SAED_VVD from_II the_AT area_NN1 of_IO grain_NN1 boundary_NN1 (_( Fig_NN1 14b_FO )_) allow_VV0 identifying_VVG the_AT eutectic_NN1 consisting_VVG of_IO precipitations_NN2 of_IO Mg12Nd_FO (_( with_IW irregular_JJ skeleton_NN1 morphology_NN1 and_CC the_AT size_NN1 of_IO 7_MC m_NNU )_) and_CC (_( Mg_FO )_) ._. 
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As_II the_AT constitutive_JJ law_NN1 of_IO the_AT 2_MC ×_II 2_MC twill_NN1 prepreg_NN1 with_IW uncured_JJ thermoset_NN1 resin_NN1 ,_, the_AT mesoscopic_JJ stress_NN1 emulator_NN1 obtained_VVN in_II Sec._NNU 4_MC ,_, is_VBZ implemented_VVN into_II Abaqus_NP1 Explicit_JJ in_II the_AT non-orthogonal_JJ coordinate_NN1 &lsqb;_( 14_MC &rsqb;_) as_CSA VUMAT_NN1 for_IF the_AT macroscopic_JJ preforming_JJ process_NN1 simulation_NN1 ._. 
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An_AT1 ultralong_NN1 and_CC stable_JJ cycling_NN1 of_IO more_DAR than_CSN 1000_MC h_ZZ1 has_VHZ been_VBN achieved_VVN for_IF Li@P10_FO at_II a_AT1 current_JJ density_NN1 of_IO 0.5_MC mA_NN1 cm-2_MC ._. 
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The_AT strip_NN1 model_NN1 is_VBZ established_VVN based_VVN on_II the_AT primary_JJ deformation_NN1 and_CC secondary_JJ deformation_NN1 ._. 
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The_AT electrochemical_JJ performance_NN1 of_IO the_AT Cu@CNFs_FO composite_NN1 was_VBDZ investigated_VVN by_II using_VVG the_AT Cu@CNFs_FO composite_JJ as_CSA cathode_NN1 ,_, Li_NP1 foil_NN1 as_CSA anode_NN1 and_CC C-coated_JJ Celgard_NN1 PP_NN1 as_CSA separator_NN1 ._. 
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As_CSA shown_VVN in_II Figure_NN1 S2_FO ,_, the_AT peaks_NN2 marked_VVN by_II the_AT solid_JJ line_NN1 at_II around_RG 1635_MC and_CC 3085_MC cm–1_JJ in_II the_AT infrared_JJ absorption_NN1 spectra_NN2 were_VBDR attributed_VVN to_II the_AT CC_NP1 bonds_NN2 and_CC stretching_VVG vibrations_NN2 of_IO C–H_NN1 of_IO DVB_NP1 ,_, respectively_RR ._. 
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The_AT FTIR_NN1 spectra_NN2 were_VBDR characterized_VVN by_II a_AT1 Bruker_NP1 Fourier_NP1 Transform_VV0 Infrared_JJ Spectrometer_NP1 ._. 
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For_IF the_AT practical_JJ application_NN1 ,_, we_PPIS2 should_VM focus_VVI more_RRR on_II the_AT specific_JJ energy/power_NN1 based_VVN on_II total_JJ mass_NN1 of_IO both_DB2 cathode_NN1 ,_, anode_NN1 ,_, electrolyte_NN1 and_CC current_JJ collectors_NN2 ,_, as_CSA most_DAT reported_JJ ZIBs_NN2 based_VVN on_II Zn_NP1 foil_NN1 anodes_NN2 have_VH0 a_AT1 large_JJ portion_NN1 of_IO nonactive_JJ material_NN1 mass_NN1 contribution_NN1 ._. 
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All_DB robotic_JJ dispensing_NN1 systems_NN2 can_VM produce_VVI continuous_JJ filaments_NN2 through_II a_AT1 fine_JJ nozzle_NN1 ,_, rather_II21 than_II22 single_JJ drops_NN2 ._. 
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Fig_NN1 1_MC1 Reducing_JJ sugars_NN2 ,_, pH_NN1 evolution_NN1 ,_, biomass_NN1 and_CC total_JJ carotenoid_NN1 in_II coffee_NN1 pulp_NN1 extract_NN1 (_( A_ZZ1 )_) and_CC husk_VV0 extract_NN1 (_( B_ZZ1 )_) during_II the_AT production_NN1 of_IO carotenoids_NN2 by_II Rhodotorula_JJ mucilaginosa_NN1 CCMA_NN1 0156_MC ,_, at_II 28_MC °C_NNU ,_, 160rpm_NNU in_II the_AT dark_NN1 for_IF 120_MC h_ZZ1 ._. 
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Despite_II these_DD2 limits_NN2 in_II the_AT determination_NN1 of_IO size-independent_JJ fracture_NN1 resistance_NN1 ,_, miniaturized_VVD fracture_NN1 mechanics_NN2 experiments_NN2 can_VM be_VBI very_RG helpful_JJ for_IF improving_VVG the_AT understanding_NN1 of_IO the_AT intrinsic_JJ semi-brittle_JJ crack_NN1 propagation_NN1 processes_NN2 ._. 
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Methyl_NN1 vinyl_NN1 silicone_NN1 rubber_NN1 (_( VMQ_NP1 )_) was_VBDZ loaded_VVN with_IW 45_MC vol%_FO carbonyl_NN1 iron_NN1 powder_NN1 (_( CIP_NN1 )_) and_CC subjected_VVN to_TO accelerate_VVI thermal_JJ aging_NN1 ._. 
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These_DD2 experimental_JJ results_NN2 show_VV0 that_CST the_AT surfaces_NN2 of_IO hASC_NN1 membrane-functionalized_JJ PNCs_NP1 can_VM act_VVI as_II a_AT1 diffusion_NN1 barrier_NN1 ,_, which_DDQ could_VM slow_RR down_RP VEGF_VVI release_NN1 in_II comparison_NN1 PNCs_NP1 without_IW membrane_NN1 &lsqb;_( 13_MC &rsqb;_) ._. 
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Microstructural_JJ characterization_NN1 showed_VVD evidence_NN1 of_IO equiaxed_JJ grain_NN1 formation_NN1 for_IF binder_NN1 jetting_VVG and_CC LPBF_NP1 parts_NN2 ,_, whereas_CS EPBF_NP1 parts_NN2 displayed_VVD a_AT1 more_RGR columnar_JJ grain_NN1 formation_NN1 parallel_NN1 to_II the_AT build_NN1 direction_NN1 ._. 
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For_IF the_AT 2D_NNU PMC_NP1 ,_, the_AT 0/90_MF fatigue_NN1 limit_NN1 is_VBZ approximately_RR 71%_NNU of_IO the_AT 0/90_MF UTS_NN2 ,_, while_CS the_AT ±45_FO fatigue_NN1 limit_NN1 is_VBZ approximately_RR 56%_NNU of_IO the_AT ±45_FO UTS_VVZ ._. 
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UHMWPE_NP1 GUR_NP1 1020_MC powder_NN1 (_( Ticona_NP1 ,_, Singapore_NP1 )_) ,_, with_IW an_AT1 average_JJ molecular_JJ weight_NN1 of_IO 3.5_MC ×_II 106_MC g/mol_FU ,_, an_AT1 average_JJ size_NN1 of_IO particle_NN1 of_IO 140_MC m_NNO and_CC a_AT1 density_NN1 of_IO 0.93_MC g/cm3_FU ,_, was_VBDZ used_VVN to_TO make_VVI the_AT neat_JJ UHMWPE_NN1 samples_NN2 ._. 
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As_II the_AT collision_NN1 points_NN2 moved_VVN from_II the_AT center_NN1 to_II the_AT outside_JJ ,_, the_AT collision_NN1 angle_NN1 increased_VVD continuously_RR ._. 
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The_AT microinjection_NN1 was_VBDZ performed_VVN with_IW a_AT1 Hamilton_NP1 27_MC gauge_NN1 stainless_JJ steel_NN1 microsyringe_NN1 over_RG 5_MC min_NNU ._. 
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We_PPIS2 thank_VV0 Wanja_NP1 Dziony_NP1 for_IF SAM_NP1 measurements_NN2 and_CC the_AT Deutsche_NP1 Forschungsgesellschaft_NP1 (_( DFG_NP1 )_) for_IF financial_JJ support_NN1 &lsqb;_( award_NN1 numbers_NN2 MA_NP1 1893/24-1_MCMC and_CC MO_NP1 881/22-1_MCMC &rsqb;_) ._. 
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During_II the_AT last_MD 17years_FO ,_, the_AT number_NN1 of_IO hospitals_NN2 has_VHZ increased_VVN by_II 70%_NNU ._. 
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The_AT stresses_NN2 are_VBR normalized_VVN by_II the_AT applied_JJ stress_NN1 ap_NN1 and_CC the_AT distance_NN1 is_VBZ normalized_VVN by_II the_AT crack_NN1 length_NN1 a_AT1 ._. 
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The_AT 3D_NNU printed_JJ generator_NN1 is_VBZ promising_JJ in_II providing_VVG power_NN1 autonomy_NN1 to_II wearable_JJ microwatt_NN1 electronic_JJ devices_NN2 ._. 
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Overall_RR ,_, B_ZZ1 doping_NN1 promotes_VVZ both_RR electrostatic_JJ and_CC ion–_JJ interactions_NN2 between_II carbon_NN1 surface_NN1 and_CC electrolyte_NN1 ions_NN2 ,_, leading_VVG to_II more_RGR accessible_JJ ion_NN1 adsorption_NN1 sites_NN2 ,_, and_CC consequently_RR ,_, enhanced_JJ capacitances_NN2 ._. 
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Copyright_NN1 2016_MC ,_, WILEYVCH_NP1 ;_; For_IF rotary_JJ motion_NN1 of_IO PG_NP1 disk_NN1 :_: reproduced_VVN with_IW permission_NN1 ._. 
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The_AT sample_NN1 was_VBDZ fixed_VVN to_II a_AT1 microcomputer_NN1 controlled_VVD universal_JJ test_NN1 machines_NN2 (_( Model_NN1 WDW-1D_NNU ,_, Jinan_NP1 Kehui_NP1 Test_NN1 Equipment_NN1 Co_NN1 ._. 
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LTD_JJ ,_, China_NP1 )_) equipped_VVN with_IW a_AT1 1_MC1 kN_NNU capacity_NN1 load_NN1 cell_NN1 ._. 
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The_AT phase_NN1 purity_NN1 and_CC crystal_NN1 symmetry_NN1 of_IO all_DB powder_NN1 samples_NN2 were_VBDR assessed_VVN using_VVG powder_NN1 X-ray_NN1 diffraction_NN1 (_( XRD_NP1 )_) ._. 
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The_AT Methanosarcinaceae_NP1 was_VBDZ the_AT second_MD abundant_JJ but_CCB much_RR lower_JJR than_CSN Methanosaetaeceae_NP1 ,_, accounting_VVG for_IF approximately_RR 8.1%_FO on_II day_NNT1 45_MC though_CS it_PPH1 increased_VVD over_II time_NNT1 ._. 
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The_AT nitrification_NN1 index_NN1 ,_, the_AT ratio_NN1 of_IO NH4+-N_FO and_CC NO3-N_JJ ,_, has_VHZ been_VBN used_VVN to_TO evaluate_VVI the_AT compost_NN1 maturity_NN1 generally_RR (_( Das_FW et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2011_MC )_) ,_, and_CC it_PPH1 has_VHZ a_AT1 significantly_RR negative_JJ correlation_NN1 with_IW GI_NN1 (_( R2_FO =_FO 0.793_MC ,_, P=0.001_FO )_) ._. 
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However_RR ,_, when_CS the_AT bias_NN1 potential_NN1 was_VBDZ near_II their_APPGE VOC_NN1 ,_, the_AT RCT_NP1 of_IO &lsqb;_( Cu(tmby)2_FO &rsqb;_) 2+/+_FO based_VVN DSSCs_NP1 became_VVD slightly_RR smaller_JJR than_CSN that_DD1 of_IO &lsqb;_( Co(bpy)3_FO &rsqb;_) 3+/2+_FO ._. 
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The_AT authors_NN2 also_RR acknowledge_VV0 the_AT partial_JJ support_NN1 of_IO the_AT EU_NP1 FP7_FO Marie_NP1 Curie_NP1 International_JJ Research_NN1 Staff_NN Exchange_NN1 Scheme_NN1 (_( IRSES_NP2 ,_, MatProFuture_NP1 ,_, Project_NN1 318968_MC )_) ._. 
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Our_APPGE platelets_NN2 ,_, however_RR ,_, are_VBR intrinsically_RR directional_JJ based_VVN on_II their_APPGE electronic_JJ system_NN1 ._. 
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Fig_NN1 3_MC Cross-sectional_JJ overview_NN1 of_IO joints_NN2 (_( a_ZZ1 )_) subjected_VVN to_II FSP-2_MC and_CC (_( b_ZZ1 )_) subjected_VVN to_II FSP-3_MC ,_, and_CC optical_JJ microstructure_NN1 obtained_VVN from_II regions_NN2 1_MC1 (_( 1_MC1 )_) ,_, 2_MC (_( 2_MC )_) ,_, and_CC 3_MC (_( 3_MC )_) in_II Fig_NN1 3a_FO and_CC b_ZZ1 ._. 
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Here_RL we_PPIS2 examine_VV0 stringent_JJ criteria_NN2 for_IF the_AT lightsail_NN1 design_NN1 and_CC discuss_VV0 fundamental_JJ materials_NN2 challenges_NN2 ._. 
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Therefore_RR ,_, synergistic_JJ anticancer_NN1 effects_NN2 could_VM be_VBI achieved_VVN via_II a_AT1 combination_NN1 of_IO PDT_NP1 and_CC CO_NP1 gas_NN1 therapy_NN1 ._. 
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For_IF the_AT chiral-type_JJ cells_NN2 ,_, the_AT main_JJ deformation_NN1 mode_NN1 of_IO ligaments_NN2 is_VBZ full-wave_JJ bending_NN1 ,_, which_DDQ can_VM fully_RR display_VVI the_AT mechanical_JJ function_NN1 of_IO the_AT parent_NN1 material_NN1 ._. 
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The_AT exceptions_NN2 mainly_RR occur_VV0 at_II 9.2–9.6_MCMC GHz_NNU ._. 
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As_CSA shown_VVN in_II Figure_NN1 2a_FO ,_, we_PPIS2 investigate_VV0 three_MC phases_NN2 of_IO Fe3O4_FO nanoparticles_NN2 when_RRQ the_AT ultrathin_NN1 shell_NN1 is_VBZ formed_VVN using_VVG the_AT seed-mediated_JJ growth_NN1 method_NN1 :_: (_( 1_MC1 )_) the_AT as-synthesized_JJ nanoparticles_NN2 as_CSA core_NN1 seeds_NN2 (_( Phase-I_NN1 )_) ,_, (_( 2_MC )_) the_AT intermediated_JJ phase_NN1 during_II the_AT heating-up_NN1 process_NN1 prior_II21 to_II22 additional_JJ shell_NN1 formation_NN1 (_( Phase-II_MC )_) ,_, and_CC (_( 3_MC )_) finally_RR ,_, the_AT shell-grown_JJ step_NN1 of_IO the_AT ultrathin_NN1 shell_NN1 layer_NN1 (_( Phase-III_MC )_) ._. 
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Tensile_JJ properties_NN2 of_IO the_AT MS1_FO (_( 2D-PMC/2D-CMC_NP1 )_) and_CC of_IO the_AT MS2_FO (_( 2D-PMC/3D-CMC_NP1 )_) obtained_VVD at_II elevated_JJ temperature_NN1 are_VBR summarized_VVN in_II Table_NN1 2_MC ._. 
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After_CS we_PPIS2 spiked_VVD the_AT real_JJ sweat_NN1 with_IW different_JJ concentrations_NN2 of_IO glucose_NN1 ,_, glucose_NN1 sensing_NN1 was_VBDZ performed_VVN with_IW the_AT prepared_JJ samples_NN2 ._. 
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J–V_NN1 measurements_NN2 were_VBDR taken_VVN after_II the_AT cell_NN1 had_VHD undergone_VVN maximum_JJ power_NN1 point_NN1 tracking_NN1 for_IF at_RR21 least_RR22 500_MC s_ZZ1 ._. 
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This_DD1 was_VBDZ done_VDN to_TO ensure_VVI that_CST the_AT cell_NN1 reached_VVD a_AT1 steady-state_JJ efficiency_NN1 before_II J–V_NP1 characterization_NN1 ._. 
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A_AT1 larger_JJR radius_NN1 means_VVZ that_CST the_AT sample_NN1 exhibits_VVZ the_AT more_RGR excellent_JJ corrosion_NN1 resistance_NN1 ._. 
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The_AT used_JJ continuum_NN1 excitation_NN1 involves_VVZ all_DB three_MC bands_NN2 :_: heavy_JJ and_CC light_JJ hole_NN1 as_II31 well_II32 as_II33 the_AT split-off_JJ band_NN1 ._. 
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A_AT1 lot_NN1 of_IO researches_NN2 have_VH0 shown_VVN the_AT apparent_JJ links_NN2 between_II some_DD genes_NN2 and/or_CC geneinduced_VVD proteins_NN2 (_( such_II21 as_II22 p53_FO ,_, early_JJ region_NN1 1A_FO (_( E1A_FO )_) ,_, survivin_NN1 ,_, VEGF_NP1 and_CC ataxia_NN1 telangiectasia_NN1 mutated_VVD (_( ATM_NN1 )_) 179-185_MCMC )_) and_CC radiation_NN1 ,_, because_CS these_DD2 gene_NN1 materials_NN2 can_VM regulate_VVI the_AT expression_NN1 of_IO radiationrelated_JJ protein_NN1 and_CC thus_RR get_VV0 the_AT goal_NN1 of_IO tumor_NN1 radiosensitization_NN1 ._. 
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Under_II near_RL infrared_JJ light_NN1 (_( NIR_NP1 )_) irradiation_NN1 ,_, L-Arg@PCN@Mem_FO produces_VVZ plenty_PN of_IO reactive_JJ oxygen_NN1 species_NN (_( ROS_NP1 )_) directly_RR for_IF PDT_NP1 therapy_NN1 ,_, while_CS a_AT1 part_NN1 of_IO ROS_NP1 take_VV0 the_AT role_NN1 of_IO oxidative_JJ to_TO converse_VVI L-Arg_NP1 into_II NO_UH for_IF combined_JJ gas_NN1 therapy_NN1 ._. 
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Remarkable_JJ differences_NN2 in_II the_AT surface_NN1 morphology_NN1 can_VM be_VBI observed_VVN between_II untreated_JJ and_CC modified_JJ fibers_NN2 ._. 
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Samples_NN2 were_VBDR transferred_VVN to_II slides_NN2 and_CC imaged_VVN on_II a_AT1 fluorescence_NN1 microscope_NN1 (_( detailed_VVN above_RL )_) ._. 
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Type_NN1 C_ZZ1 is_VBZ a_AT1 tungsten_NN1 vacancy_NN1 (_( Type_NN1 C_NP1 :_: VW_NP1 )_) ,_, and_CC appears_VVZ hexagonal_JJ under_II both_DB2 positive_JJ and_CC negative_JJ tip_NN1 bias_NN1 ._. 
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However_RR ,_, they_PPHS2 did_VDD not_XX consider_VVI the_AT secondary_JJ phase_NN1 precipitation_NN1 between_II 200_MC °C_NNU and_CC 400_MC °C_NNU ._. 
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The_AT important_JJ task_NN1 of_IO the_AT structure_NN1 refinement_NN1 was_VBDZ the_AT determination_NN1 of_IO the_AT -OH_UH group_NN1 coordination_NN1 abilities_NN2 ._. 
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By_II considering_VVG the_AT axial_JJ force_NN1 Ft_NNU and_CC the_AT shear_VV0 force_NN1 Fn_NP1 of_IO the_AT cell_NN1 walls_NN2 ,_, Eq_NN1 ._. 
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(_( 4_MC )_) can_VM be_VBI extended_VVN to_II FORMULA_NN1 ,_, For_IF the_AT square_JJ honeycomb_NN1 ,_, we_PPIS2 have_VH0 ._. 
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This_DD1 has_VHZ to_TO do_VDI with_IW projects_NN2 on_II all_DB aspects_NN2 of_IO waste_NN1 management_NN1 ,_, including_II adoption_NN1 of_IO the_AT 4Rs_NNU2 concept_NN1 ,_, changing_VVG people_NN behaviour_NN1 through_II sensitisation_NN1 and_CC awareness_NN1 creation_NN1 on_II the_AT ill_JJ effects_NN2 of_IO poor_JJ waste_NN1 management_NN1 ,_, identifying_VVG the_AT most_RGT environmentally_RR friendly_JJ and_CC economically_RR viable_JJ alternative_NN1 to_II the_AT current_JJ waste_NN1 management_NN1 practices_NN2 ,_, using_VVG life-cycle_NN1 assessment_NN1 (_( LCA_NP1 )_) approach_NN1 and_CC building_NN1 community_NN1 people_NN '_NULL s_ZZ1 capacity_NN1 in_II resource_NN1 and_CC energy_NN1 recovery_NN1 from_II the_AT waste_NN1 ._. 
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The_AT values_NN2 of_IO the_AT aforementioned_JJ reactions_NN2 are_VBR all_DB negative_JJ in_II the_AT temperature_NN1 range_NN1 from_II room_NN1 temperature_NN1 to_II 1800_MC K_ZZ1 ,_, indicating_VVG that_CST those_DD2 metal_NN1 oxides_NN2 can_VM be_VBI formed_VVN spontaneously_RR ._. 
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In_II this_DD1 paper_NN1 ,_, a_AT1 new_JJ experimental_JJ procedure_NN1 is_VBZ developed_VVN to_TO study_VVI the_AT ageing_JJ mechanisms_NN2 of_IO service-aged_JJ engine_NN1 mounts_NN2 using_VVG digital_JJ image_NN1 correlation_NN1 measurements_NN2 ._. 
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The_AT peak_NN1 at_II 3420_MC cm–1_NN1 is_VBZ attributed_VVN to_II the_AT stretching_JJ mode_NN1 of_IO -OH_UH ,_, the_AT peak_NN1 at_II 1730_MC cm–1_NN1 is_VBZ assignable_JJ to_II the_AT stretching_JJ mode_NN1 of_IO CO_NP1 ,_, the_AT peak_NN1 at_II 1604_MC cm–1_NN1 is_VBZ due_II21 to_II22 the_AT stretching_NN1 of_IO C–O_NP1 ,_, and_CC the_AT peak_NN1 at_II 1405_MC cm–1_NN1 is_VBZ ascribed_VVN to_II the_AT stretching_JJ vibrations_NN2 of_IO aromatic_JJ group_NN1 ._. 
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We_PPIS2 have_VH0 engineered_VVN a_AT1 novel_JJ biocompatible_JJ pMHC–NP_NN1 design_NN1 that_CST offers_VVZ a_AT1 powerful_JJ new_JJ tool_NN1 to_TO expand_VVI regulatory_JJ T-cell_NN1 memory_NN1 to_TO treat_VVI inflammatory_JJ disorders_NN2 ,_, and_CC to_TO build_VVI next-generation_JJ ligand-based_JJ nanomedicines_NN2 ._. 
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In_II this_DD1 case_NN1 ,_, solder_VV0 joints_NN2 or_CC packages_NN2 can_VM be_VBI deposited_VVN directly_RR ._. 
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Furthermore_RR ,_, to_TO demonstrate_VVI highperformance_NN1 TFTs_NP1 using_VVG these_DD2 polymerdopinginduced_JJ homojunction_NN1 devices_NN2 ,_, a_AT1 highquality_NN1 ZrO2_FO film_NN1 was_VBDZ also_RR employed_VVN as_II the_AT gate_NN1 dielectric_JJ (_( Figure_NN1 S21_FO ,_, Supporting_JJ Information_NN1 )_) .49_MC It_PPH1 is_VBZ known_VVN that_CST highk_VV0 dielectrics_NN2 can_VM greatly_RR enhance_VVI the_AT mobility_NN1 of_IO inorganic_JJ TFTs.50-53_MC The_AT device_NN1 fabrication_NN1 process_NN1 details_NN2 can_VM be_VBI found_VVN in_II the_AT Experimental_JJ Section_NN1 and_CC representative_JJ transfer_NN1 characteristics_NN2 are_VBR shown_VVN in_II Figure_NN1 5b_FO ._. 
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Due_II21 to_II22 the_AT high_JJ stacking_NN1 fault_NN1 energy_NN1 ,_, the_AT recrystallized_JJ ferrite_NN1 grains_NN2 were_VBDR generated_VVN by_II recovery_NN1 ;_; in_II contrast_NN1 ,_, the_AT recrystallized_JJ austenite_NN1 grains_NN2 were_VBDR produced_VVN mainly_RR by_II recrystallization_NN1 for_IF a_AT1 lower_JJR stacking_NN1 fault_NN1 energy_NN1 ._. 
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Compounds_NN2 identification_NN1 and_CC their_APPGE corresponding_JJ structural_JJ formulae_NN2 were_VBDR assigned_VVN using_VVG the_AT National_JJ Institutes_NN2 of_IO Standards_NN2 (_( NIST_NP1 )_) library_NN1 ._. 
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The_AT results_NN2 in_II Fig_NN1 4_MC consistently_RR show_VV0 lower_JJR conductivity_NN1 values_NN2 for_IF the_AT z-pins_NN2 inclined_JJ at_II a_AT1 steep_JJ angle_NN1 (_( nominal_JJ angle_NN1 of_IO 45°_NNU )_) compared_VVN to_II when_RRQ aligned_VVN near_II parallel_NN1 to_II the_AT through-thickness_JJ direction_NN1 (_( nominal_JJ angle_NN1 of_IO 0°_NNU )_) ._. 
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Alginate_NN1 is_VBZ an_AT1 anionic_JJ polysaccharide_NN1 typically_RR derived_VVN from_II various_JJ species_NN of_IO brown_JJ seaweed_NN1 &lsqb;_( 100_MC &rsqb;_) ._. 
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Thin_JJ films_NN2 exhibit_VV0 two_MC important_JJ differences_NN2 from_II bulk_NN1 counterparts_NN2 of_IO the_AT same_DA material_NN1 :_: (_( 1_MC1 )_) relatively_RR higher_JJR densities_NN2 of_IO crystallographic_JJ defects_NN2 and_CC (_( 2_MC )_) influence_NN1 of_IO mechanical_JJ constraints_NN2 at_II the_AT film–substrate_JJ interface_NN1 ._. 
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A_AT1 parametric_JJ study_NN1 is_VBZ performed_VVN to_TO evaluate_VVI how_RGQ different_JJ design_NN1 parameters_NN2 such_II21 as_II22 volume_NN1 fraction_NN1 of_IO active_JJ materials_NN2 ,_, stiffness_NN1 of_IO constituents_NN2 ,_, type_NN1 of_IO positive_JJ electrode_NN1 material_NN1 ,_, etc._RA affect_VV0 the_AT moduli_NN2 of_IO the_AT composite_JJ lamina_NN1 for_IF extremes_NN2 in_II SOC_NP1 ._. 
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In_II misfit_NN1 layer_NN1 compounds_NN2 ,_, bilayers_NN2 of_IO SnSe_NP1 adopt_VV0 a_AT1 distorted_JJ NaCl_NN1 structure_NN1 ,_, where_CS the_AT Sn_NN1 atoms_NN2 move_VV0 toward_II the_AT dichalcogenide_NN1 and_CC the_AT Se_ND1 atoms_NN2 are_VBR displaced_VVN away_II21 from_II22 it_PPH1 ._. 
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This_DD1 positive_JJ effect_NN1 of_IO the_AT HS-Ph-CN_JJ modification_NN1 on_II FF_NNU might_VM be_VBI associated_VVN with_IW the_AT suppression_NN1 of_IO the_AT corrosion_NN1 reaction_NN1 between_II inherent_JJ ionic_JJ defects_NN2 in_II the_AT perovskite_NN1 layer_NN1 and_CC gold_NN1 species_NN migrated_VVN from_II the_AT anode.58_FO The_AT overall_JJ improvement_NN1 in_II the_AT stability_NN1 of_IO the_AT PSCs_NP2 is_VBZ rationalised_VVN in_II31 terms_II32 of_II33 suppressed_JJ interfacial_JJ recombination_NN1 provided_VVN by_II the_AT HS-Ph-CN_JJ interlayer_NN1 ._. 
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Thus_RR we_PPIS2 assessed_VVD the_AT ability_NN1 of_IO the_AT mixed_JJ integrin/syndecan-4_NN1 binding_VVG surfaces_NN2 on_II endothelial_JJ cell_NN1 alignment_NN1 and_CC cytoskeletal_JJ formation_NN1 under_II shear_VV0 flow_NN1 conditions_NN2 ._. 
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The_AT circumferential_JJ shrinkage_NN1 deformation_NN1 of_IO the_AT flange_NN1 during_II the_AT conventional_JJ spinning_JJ process_NN1 is_VBZ similar_JJ to_II that_DD1 in_II the_AT deep-drawing_JJ process_NN1 ._. 
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All_DB the_AT ROS_NP1 generated_VVD in_II PDT_NP1 ,_, including_II 1O2_FO ,_, O2-_NN1 ,_, HO-_NN1 ,_, and_CC H2O2_FO ,_, are_VBR responsible_JJ for_IF cell_NN1 killing_VVG by_II oxidizing_VVG amino_NN1 acids_NN2 ,_, proteins_NN2 ,_, lipids_NN2 ,_, or_CC by_II rupturing_VVG subcellular_JJ structures_NN2 directly.124_FO Over_II the_AT last_MD few_DA2 decades_NNT2 ,_, PDT_NP1 has_VHZ been_VBN proved_VVN to_TO be_VBI effective_JJ in_II the_AT treatment_NN1 of_IO various_JJ cancers_NN2 including_II skin_NN1 cancer_NN1 ,_, superficial_JJ bladder_NN1 cancer_NN1 ,_, and_CC obstructive_JJ lung_NN1 cancer_NN1 ._. 
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Fig_NN1 7_MC illustrates_VVZ the_AT non-network_NN1 ,_, sparse_JJ network_NN1 ,_, and_CC dense_JJ network_NN1 in_II the_AT MWCNT_NP1 filled_VVD polymer_NN1 nanocomposites_NN2 with_IW different_JJ content_NN1 of_IO MWCNT_NP1 ._. 
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Fig_NN1 4_MC (_( a_ZZ1 )_) HRTEM_VV0 image_NN1 of_IO epitaxial_JJ NiO_NP1 thin_JJ film_NN1 on_II Al2O3_FO (_( 0001_MC )_) substrate_NN1 ._. 
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The_AT parameter_NN1 l/L_ZZ1 represents_VVZ the_AT distance_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 single_JJ crack_NN1 from_II the_AT nearer_JJR end_NN1 expressed_VVN as_II a_AT1 percentage_NN1 of_IO total_JJ length_NN1 ._. 
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The_AT mixture_NN1 was_VBDZ ,_, then_RT ,_, concentrated_VVN under_II reduced_JJ pressure_NN1 to_TO remove_VVI methanol_NN1 residues_NN2 ._. 
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Photothermally_RR generated_VVN heat_NN1 is_VBZ formed_VVN only_RR in_II the_AT GNR_NP1 domain_NN1 ._. 
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Tissues_NN2 were_VBDR harvested_VVN 1_MC1 h_ZZ1 post-injection_JJ ._. 
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For_IF this_DD1 purpose_NN1 ,_, combinatorial_JJ pulsed_JJ laser_NN1 deposition_NN1 (_( cPLD_NNU )_) was_VBDZ employed_VVN to_TO generate_VVI a_AT1 thin_JJ film_NN1 with_IW a_AT1 continuous_JJ map_NN1 of_IO compositions_NN2 (_( LSMy_NP1 ,_, y_ZZ1 =_FO 0.85–1.2_MCMC )_) ._. 
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Embedded_VVN in_II the_AT PVA_NN1 ,_, at_II 50wt%_FO filler_NN1 loading_NN1 ,_, the_AT thermal_JJ diffusivity_NN1 of_IO the_AT obtained_VVN h-BN/PVA_NN1 composites_NN2 reached_VVD 8.5mm2s-1_MC1 ,_, twice_RR that_DD1 without_IW plasma_NN1 treating_VVG &lsqb;_( 9_MC &rsqb;_) ._. 
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Most_DAT of_IO the_AT other_JJ adsorption_NN1 configurations_NN2 are_VBR slightly_RR endothermic_JJ (_( 0.01–0.27_MCMC eV_NN1 )_) ._. 
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If_CS τ_NULL 0u_FO is_VBZ greater_JJR than_CSN τ_NULL 0f_RA ,_, ce_NN1 denotes_VVZ the_AT ratio_NN1 of_IO the_AT elastic_JJ stage_NN1 in_II a_AT1 lithiation_NN1 half_NN1 cycle_NN1 ,_, and_CC the_AT ratio_NN1 of_IO the_AT elastic_JJ stage_NN1 in_II a_AT1 delithiation_NN1 half_NN1 cycle_NN1 is_VBZ less_DAR than_CSN ce_NN1 ._. 
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The_AT material_NN1 properties_NN2 of_IO Nickel_NN1 listed_VVN in_II Table_NN1 2_MC are_VBR used_VVN in_II the_AT matrix_NN1 ._. 
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Fig_NN1 6_MC presents_VVZ the_AT toluene_NN1 conversion_NN1 and_CC the_AT production_NN1 rate_NN1 the_AT reformate_JJ gas_NN1 for_IF all_DB the_AT catalysts_NN2 in_II the_AT temperature_NN1 range_NN1 of_IO 700_MC °C–800_FO °C_NNU ._. 
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These_DD2 membranes_NN2 exhibited_VVD rejections_NN2 of_IO 92.8_MC ,_, 69.8_MC and_CC 61.3%_FO for_IF MgCl2_FO ,_, MgSO4_FO and_CC NaCl_NN1 ,_, respectively_RR ,_, from_II their_APPGE respective_JJ salt_NN1 solutions_NN2 &lsqb;_( 41_MC &rsqb;_) ._. 
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Fig_NN1 2f_RA presents_NN2 the_AT rate_NN1 performance_NN1 of_IO NP-SnSb_NP1 evaluated_VVD at_II different_JJ current_JJ densities_NN2 from_II 0.2_MC to_II 10Ag1_FO ._. 
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In_II contrast_NN1 ,_, 3_MC exhibits_VVZ a_AT1 typical_JJ narrow_JJ band_NN1 emission_NN1 (_( full_JJ width_NN1 at_II half-maximum_NN1 ,_, fwhm_NNU =_FO 21_MC nm_FU )_) at_II 525_MC nm_FU (_( P3_FO )_) ,_, with_IW a_AT1 Stokes_NP1 shift_NN1 of_IO just_RR 9_MC nm_FU ,_, that_DD1 can_VM be_VBI fitted_VVN by_II a_AT1 single_JJ Gaussian_JJ ._. 
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In_II contrast_NN1 ,_, the_AT negatively_RR charged_VVN groups_NN2 –COO_NN1 anchored_VVN on_II21 to_II22 the_AT graphene_NN1 backbone_NN1 are_VBR immobile_JJ ._. 
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To_TO carry_VVI out_RP postsynthesis_NN1 fusion_NN1 of_IO small_JJ nanocrystals_NN2 to_TO allow_VVI the_AT formation_NN1 of_IO planar_JJ faults_NN2 ,_, we_PPIS2 have_VH0 used_VVN diethylzinc_NN1 to_TO remove_VVI the_AT surface_NN1 ligands_VVZ on_RP colloidally_RR grown_VVN CsPbBr3_FO nanocrystals_NN2 ._. 
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Elemental_JJ analysis_NN1 was_VBDZ performed_VVN in_II the_AT Integrated_JJ Molecular_JJ Structure_NN1 Education_NN1 and_CC Research_NN1 Center_NN1 Microanalytical_JJ Laboratory_NN1 of_IO Northwestern_JJ University_NN1 ,_, using_VVG an_AT1 Elementar_NP1 Vario-El_NP1 Cube_NN1 CHNS_NP1 elemental_JJ analyzer_NN1 (_( Elementar_NP1 ,_, Mt_NP1 ._. 
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Laurel_NP1 ,_, NJ_NP1 ,_, USA_NP1 )_) ._. 
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The_AT β_NULL transition_NN1 is_VBZ negligible_JJ for_IF this_DD1 polymer_NN1 because_II21 of_II22 its_APPGE linear_JJ structure_NN1 with_IW very_RG few_DA2 branching_JJ 15_MC ._. 
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In_II the_AT serum_NN1 panel_NN1 ,_, all_DB lanes_NN2 were_VBDR run_VVN on_II the_AT same_DA gel_NN1 ._. 
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In_II Somani_NP1 et_RA21 al_RA22 work_VV0 &lsqb;_( 61_MC &rsqb;_) the_AT influence_NN1 of_IO UHMW-PE_JJ amount_NN1 in_II the_AT iPP_NN1 melt_NN1 was_VBDZ analyzed_VVN ._. 
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Fig_NN1 6_MC a_ZZ1 )_) Relative_JJ peak_NN1 damping_NN1 and_CC b_ZZ1 )_) relative_JJ base_NN1 damping_VVG at_II E_ZZ1 =_FO 0_MC kV/mm_NNU over_RG 106_MC cycles_NN2 of_IO bipolar_JJ electrical_JJ fatigue_NN1 at_II electric_JJ cycling_NN1 frequencies_NN2 of_IO 0.210_MC Hz_NNU ._. 
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The_AT strong_JJ interactions_NN2 between_RL deposited_VVD metal_NN1 and_CC the_AT base_NN1 were_VBDR confirmed_VVN by_II XRD_NP1 and_CC XPS_NP1 ._. 
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The_AT properties_NN2 of_IO the_AT specimen_NN1 contact_NN1 with_IW the_AT connecting_JJ bolts_NN2 and_CC the_AT fixture_NN1 were_VBDR defined_VVN to_TO be_VBI hard_JJ contact_NN1 for_IF normal_JJ behavior_NN1 and_CC approximately_RR frictionless_JJ for_IF tangential_JJ behavior_NN1 ._. 
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The_AT addition_NN1 of_IO Au_FO to_II CeOx–RGO_NP1 made_VVD much_RR stronger_JJR the_AT binding_JJ and_CC catalytic_JJ ability_NN1 with_IW N2_FO molecules_NN2 ._. 
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These_DD2 G0k(E)_FO are_VBR then_RT used_VVN to_TO calculate_VVI δN_NN1 (_( q_ZZ1 ,_, E_ZZ1 )_) from_II equation_NN1 1_MC1 ._. 
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Consequently_RR ,_, it_PPH1 is_VBZ difficult_JJ to_TO separate_VVI the_AT signal_NN1 caused_VVN by_II the_AT corner_NN1 of_IO the_AT arms_NN2 from_II the_AT signal_NN1 being_VBG measured_VVN by_II the_AT neutrons_NN2 ._. 
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Herein_RR ,_, for_IF the_AT first_MD time_NNT1 ,_, we_PPIS2 fabricate_VV0 IDIC_JJ p–i–n_NN1 perovskite_NN1 solar_JJ cells_NN2 with_IW inorganic_JJ Ga2O3_FO as_CSA electron_NN1 tunneling_VVG and_CC moisture_NN1 protective_JJ nanolayer_NN1 ._. 
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The_AT open_JJ and_CC closed_JJ states_NN2 for_IF the_AT switch_NN1 correspond_VV0 to_II the_AT logic_NN1 states_NN2 of_IO 1_MC1 and_CC 0_MC ,_, so_CS this_DD1 lightcontrolled_JJ switch_NN1 may_VM be_VBI useful_JJ in_II a_AT1 logical_JJ circuit_NN1 ._. 
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The_AT hydrodynamic_JJ diameter_NN1 of_IO Ru-CD_NN1 measured_VVN by_II dynamic_JJ laser_NN1 scattering_VVG (_( DLS_NP1 )_) is_VBZ 145_MC nm_FU ,_, which_DDQ is_VBZ relatively_RR larger_JJR than_CSN TEM_NP1 size_NN1 because_II21 of_II22 the_AT hydrated_JJ surroundings_NN2 (_( Fig_NN1 1C_FO )_) ._. 
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Chemical_JJ treatments_NN2 are_VBR able_JK to_TO induce_VVI fiber_NN1 modifications_NN2 that_CST increase_VV0 their_APPGE resistance_NN1 when_CS utilized_VVN in_II composite_JJ products_NN2 ._. 
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A_AT1 decreased_JJ thermal_JJ stability_NN1 for_IF PLACNC_NN1 nanocomposites_NN2 was_VBDZ also_RR reported_VVN by_II Arias_NP1 et_RA21 al_RA22 30_MC ._. 
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In_II a_AT1 complimentary_JJ study_NN1 by_II Martinelli_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, the_AT adhesion_NN1 of_IO MWCNT_NP1 buckypaper_NN1 to_II biological_JJ tissue_NN1 was_VBDZ examined.168_FO Peeling_NN1 and_CC sheer_JJ adhesion_NN1 tests_NN2 demonstrated_VVD that_CST the_AT MWCNT_NP1 buckypaper_NN1 (_( from_II NanoLab_NP1 Inc._JJ )_) was_VBDZ able_JK to_TO strongly_RR adhere_VVI to_II soft_JJ and_CC wet_JJ tissue_NN1 from_II a_AT1 rabbit_NN1 abdominal_JJ wall_NN1 ._. 
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The_AT porous_JJ TiO2_FO membrane_NN1 fabricated_VVN by_II the_AT anodic_JJ oxidation_NN1 method_NN1 is_VBZ an_AT1 ntype_NN1 semiconductor_NN1 in_II which_DDQ the_AT oxygen_NN1 vacancies_NN2 act_VV0 as_CSA donors_NN2 ._. 
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For_REX21 example_REX22 ,_, micropores_NN2 and_CC small_JJ mesopores_NN2 can_VM be_VBI finely_RR tailored_VVN by_II the_AT reticular_JJ chemistry_NN1 through_II the_AT linking_NN1 of_IO organic_JJ molecular_JJ building_NN1 blocks_NN2 into_II predetermined_JJ extended_JJ structures_NN2 ;_; 33_MC mesopores_NN2 can_VM be_VBI well_RR tuned_VVN by_II templating_VVG or_CC selfassembly_RR ;_; 2_MC ,_, 34_MC and_CC macropores_NN2 can_VM be_VBI generated_VVN via_II phase_NN1 separation.2_FO Combining_VVG these_DD2 preparation_NN1 techniques_NN2 or_CC extending_VVG new_JJ fabrication_NN1 methods_NN2 allows_VVZ for_IF the_AT control_NN1 of_IO porous_JJ polymers_NN2 over_II the_AT pore_NN1 sizes_NN2 at_II the_AT full_JJ range_NN1 ._. 
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The_AT surface_NN1 composites_NN2 and_CC valence_NN1 of_IO Co3O4/PPy_NP1 were_VBDR explored_VVN in_II Fig_NN1 2_MC ._. 
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As_II the_AT thermal_JJ field_NN1 is_VBZ now_RT determined_VVN ,_, the_AT resulting_JJ heat_NN1 flux_NN1 per_II unit_NN1 depth_NN1 Pz_NP1 conducted_VVD through_II the_AT KH_NP1 wall_NN1 can_VM be_VBI computed_VVN and_CC is_VBZ then_RT given_VVN by_II :_: FORMULA_NN1 (_( 5_MC )_) ._. 
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Compared_VVN with_IW the_AT gradient-nanograined_JJ and_CC random-nanograined_JJ pure_JJ Fe_NP1 ,_, the_AT solute_NN1 concentration_NN1 reduces_VVZ the_AT increasing_JJ amplitude_NN1 of_IO strain-hardening_JJ rate_NN1 at_II the_AT strain_NN1 range_NN1 from_II 1%_NNU to_II 5%_NNU ._. 
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For_IF metastable_JJ binary_JJ systems_NN2 that_CST phase_NN1 separate_VV0 by_II a_AT1 nucleation_NN1 and_CC growth_NN1 mechanism_NN1 ,_, the_AT final_JJ outcome_NN1 is_VBZ drops_NN2 rich_JJ in_II phase_NN1 A_ZZ1 dispersed_VVN in_II the_AT matrix_NN1 of_IO B_ZZ1 or_CC vice_RR21 versa_RR22 (_( depending_VVG upon_II the_AT initial_JJ composition_NN1 )_) ._. 
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Therefore_RR ,_, it_PPH1 would_VM be_VBI of_IO considerable_JJ interest_NN1 to_TO develop_VVI TMCbased_JJ bifunctional_JJ catalysts_NN2 controlled_VVN at_II composition_NN1 ,_, electronic_JJ structure_NN1 ,_, and_CC multilevel_VV0 nanostructure_NN1 for_IF electrocatalysis_NN1 and_CC metal–air_VV0 batteries_NN2 application_NN1 ._. 
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Mice_NN2 treated_VVN with_IW glyburide_NN1 (_( a_AT1 small-molecule_JJ drug_NN1 for_IF T2D_FO )_) or_CC CLANpX330/sgNtn1_NN1 were_VBDR used_VVN as_CSA positive_JJ controls_NN2 ._. 
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The_AT electrolyte_NN1 is_VBZ 1.0_MC M_ZZ1 LiClO4_FO dissolved_VVN in_II a_AT1 1:1_MC mixture_NN1 of_IO EC_NP1 and_CC DMC_NP1 ._. 
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The_AT periphery_NN1 of_IO each_DD1 of_IO the_AT tumors_NN2 with_IW CAFs_NN2 from_II TCPS_NP1 dishes_NN2 and_CC PCL_NP1 fibers_NN2 is_VBZ shown_VVN ._. 
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X-Ray_NN1 diffraction_NN1 was_VBDZ carried_VVN out_RP on_II dry_JJ nanocrystal_JJ samples_NN2 ,_, deposited_VVN on_II a_AT1 disoriented_JJ Si_FW substrate_NN1 ._. 
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The_AT δ_NULL L_ZZ1 versus_II loading_VVG force_NN1 F_ZZ1 curves_NN2 are_VBR fit_JJ using_VVG an_AT1 exponential_NN1 function_NN1 FORMULA_NN1 ._. 
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In_II this_DD1 regard_NN1 ,_, we_PPIS2 could_VM conclude_VVI that_DD1 nickel_NN1 ion_NN1 crossover_NN1 from_II the_AT cathode_NN1 to_II anode_NN1 is_VBZ the_AT main_JJ factor_NN1 of_IO the_AT degradation_NN1 of_IO the_AT cell_NN1 performance_NN1 in_II nickel_NN1 rich_JJ cathodes_NN2 with_IW nickel_NN1 contents_NN2 =80%_FO ._. 
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We_PPIS2 modeled_VVD the_AT nanoparticle_NN1 as_II a_AT1 spherical_JJ well_NN1 of_IO radius_NN1 a_AT1 and_CC depth_NN1 V0_FO ._. 
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Thirdly_RR ,_, 632_MC mg_NNU of_IO KMnO4_FO was_VBDZ added_VVN into_II the_AT above_JJ solution_NN1 with_IW heating_NN1 at_II 140_MC °C_NNU for_IF 2_MC h_ZZ1 and_CC cooling_VVG down_RP ._. 
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The_AT authors_NN2 thank_VV0 the_AT National_JJ Natural_JJ Science_NN1 Foundation_NN1 of_IO China_NP1 (_( grant_VV0 Nos._NN2 11574033_MC ,_, 51432005_MC ,_, 11074024_MC ,_, and_CC 11704032_MC )_) ,_, Beijing_NP1 cooperative_JJ construction_NN1 project_NN1 ,_, Beijing_NP1 Higher_JJR Education_NN1 Young_JJ Elite_NN1 Teacher_NN1 Project_NN1 and_CC the_AT Fundamental_JJ Research_NN1 Funds_NN2 for_IF the_AT Central_JJ Universities_NN2 for_IF financial_JJ support_NN1 ._. 
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Dulbecco_NN1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 modified_JJ Eagle_NN1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 medium_JJ (_( DMEM_NP1 )_) and_CC fetal_JJ bovine_JJ serum_NN1 (_( FBS_NP1 )_) were_VBDR obtained_VVN from_II Gibco_NP1 ._. 
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The_AT effect_NN1 of_IO the_AT hydraulic_JJ pressure_NN1 on_II the_AT CFRP/GFRP_NN1 interface_NN1 and_CC CFRP_NP1 core_NN1 can_VM be_VBI neglected_VVN except_II21 for_II22 the_AT CFRP/GFRP_NN1 interface_NN1 immersed_VVN for_IF 180_MC d_ZZ1 ._. 
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Figure_NN1 3a_FO shows_VVZ that_CST neat_JJ hemp_NN1 exhibits_VVZ a_AT1 rough_JJ surface_NN1 due_II21 to_II22 the_AT presence_NN1 of_IO noncellulosic_JJ materials_NN2 (_( impurities_NN2 )_) ._. 
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The_AT specimens_NN2 were_VBDR prepared_VVN by_II gravity_NN1 casting_NN1 using_VVG a_AT1 commercial_JJ grade_NN1 A356_FO alloy_NN1 (_( supplied_VVN by_II Altechno_NP1 Metal_NN1 Inc_JJ )_) ._. 
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The_AT detailed_JJ variation_NN1 of_IO UTS_NP2 and_CC elongation_NN1 at_II fracture_NN1 of_IO the_AT Ag-_JJ β_NULL -Si3N4w/Al_FU composites_NN2 are_VBR listed_VVN in_II Fig_NN1 7b_FO ._. 
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To_TO deeply_RR understand_VVI the_AT composition_NN1 of_IO the_AT OIFN_NN1 layer_NN1 ,_, depthdependent_JJ composition_NN1 distribution_NN1 was_VBDZ performed_VVN by_II Xray_NP1 photoelectron_NN1 spectroscopy_NN1 (_( XPS_NP1 )_) measurement_NN1 ._. 
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The_AT resistance_NN1 changes_NN2 with_IW temperature_NN1 because_CS the_AT polymer_NN1 expands_VVZ and_CC increases_VVZ the_AT distance_NN1 between_II graphite_NN1 powders_NN2 ._. 
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From_II the_AT d_ZZ1 band_NN1 region_NN1 of_IO Ag_FO metal_NN1 ,_, the_AT photoinduced_JJ holes_NN2 could_VM be_VBI easily_RR trapped_VVN by_II HO–_NP1 to_II further_JJR form_NN1 hydroxyl_NN1 radical_NN1 species_NN (_( HO_NP1 )_) ._. 
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According_II21 to_II22 Li_NP1 et_RA21 al_RA22 (_( 2014_MC )_) ,_, this_DD1 is_VBZ because_CS the_AT material_NN1 on_RP AS_CSA experiences_NN2 higher_JJR peak_NN1 temperature_NN1 (_( as_CSA shown_VVN in_II Fig_NN1 3_MC )_) and_CC stronger_JJR shear_VV0 stress_NN1 compared_VVN to_II that_DD1 on_II RS_NN1 ,_, which_DDQ is_VBZ conductive_JJ to_II improving_VVG the_AT material_NN1 plastic_NN1 deformation_NN1 on_II AS_RG ,_, and_CC then_RT results_VVZ in_II a_AT1 distinct_JJ boundary_NN1 between_II TMAZ_NP1 and_CC NZ_NP1 ._. 
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As_II a_AT1 final_JJ proof_NN1 ,_, we_PPIS2 simply_RR note_VV0 that_CST the_AT calculated_JJ demagnetization_NN1 factors_NN2 of_IO the_AT C096/C126/C136_JJ needles_NN2 are_VBR similar_JJ in_II magnitude_NN1 ,_, but_CCB that_CST these_DD2 materials_NN2 exhibit_VV0 vastly_RR different_JJ experimental_JJ magnetic_JJ susceptibilities_NN2 ._. 
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Thus_RR ,_, researchers_NN2 of_IO electrocatalysts_NN2 for_IF CO2_FO reduction_NN1 may_VM find_VVI more_RGR practical_JJ benefit_NN1 in_II focusing_VVG on_II increased_JJ product_NN1 selectivity_NN1 and_CC current_JJ density_NN1 even_CS21 if_CS22 higher_JJR overpotentials_NN2 are_VBR required_VVN ._. 
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A_AT1 single-mode_JJ pulsed_JJ diode_NN1 laser_NN1 (_( 470nm_FO with_IW =30ps_FO pulse_NN1 width_NN1 ,_, =0.1W_FO average_JJ power_NN1 ,_, and_CC 0.5MHz_FO repetition_NN1 rate_NN1 )_) was_VBDZ used_VVN as_II an_AT1 excitation_NN1 source_NN1 ._. 
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It_PPH1 has_VHZ been_VBN reported_VVN that_CST BMMCs_NP1 accelerate_VV0 a_AT1 neovascularization_NN1 and_CC modulate_VV0 inflammation_NN1 &lsqb;_( 20_MC &rsqb;_) ._. 
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Here_RL ,_, the_AT mechanism_NN1 underlying_VVG the_AT direct_JJ growth_NN1 of_IO mushrooms_NN2 toward_II the_AT lignocellulosic_JJ substrate_NN1 is_VBZ elucidated_VVN and_CC a_AT1 fungienabled_JJ method_NN1 for_IF the_AT preparation_NN1 of_IO porous_JJ carbons_NN2 with_IW ultrahigh_NN1 specific_JJ surface_NN1 area_NN1 (_( 3439_MC m2_FO g-1_FO )_) is_VBZ developed_VVN ._. 
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The_AT samples_NN2 were_VBDR degassed_VVN at_II 60_MC °C_NNU under_II vacuum_NN1 overnight_RT ._. 
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We_PPIS2 believe_VV0 that_CST the_AT observed_JJ fundamental_JJ effect_NN1 should_VM be_VBI communicated_VVN as_II a_AT1 separate_JJ study_NN1 ._. 
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These_DD2 approaches_NN2 ,_, however_RR ,_, require_VV0 specialized_JJ instruments_NN2 (_( e.g._REX ,_, 3D_NNU printers_NN2 with_IW multiaxial_JJ movement_NN1 )_) and_CC they_PPHS2 are_VBR limited_VVN to_II certain_JJ types_NN2 of_IO target_NN1 materials_NN2 ._. 
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Such_DA a_AT1 lattice_NN1 correspondence_NN1 can_VM be_VBI well_RR predicted_VVN by_II the_AT classical_JJ twinning_JJ theory_NN1 ._. 
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Poplar_NN1 wood_NN1 fiber_NN1 improved_VVD the_AT flexural_JJ strength_NN1 and_CC modulus_NN1 by_II 17%_NNU and_CC 122%_NNU ,_, respectively_RR ._. 
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A_AT1 PANalytical_JJ X_ZZ1 '_NULL pert3_FO powder_NN1 diffractometer_NN1 was_VBDZ employed_VVN to_TO collect_VVI X-ray_NN1 diffraction_NN1 (_( XRD_NP1 )_) patterns_NN2 using_VVG Cu_FO K_ZZ1 radiation_NN1 source_NN1 with_IW a_AT1 slit_NN1 of_IO 1/2°_FU at_II a_AT1 scanning_NN1 rate_NN1 of_IO 3°_NNU min–1_NN1 (_( 40_MC kV_NNU ,_, 40_MC mA_NN1 ,_, =_FO 1.5418_MC A_ZZ1 )_) ._. 
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Although_CS we_PPIS2 showed_VVD that_DD1 heparin_NN1 particles_NN2 have_VH0 a_AT1 reduced_JJ blood-thinning_JJ ability_NN1 compared_VVN to_II polymeric_JJ heparin_NN1 (_( Fig_NN1 6_MC and_CC Supplementary_JJ Fig_NN1 11_MC )_) ,_, the_AT introduction_NN1 of_IO naked_JJ heparin_NN1 particles_NN2 to_II the_AT hcV_NNU group_NN1 complicates_VVZ clinical_JJ translation_NN1 ._. 
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A_AT1 stretchable_JJ superamphiphobic_JJ (_( SPO_NP1 )_) –superamphiphilic_JJ (_( SPI_NP1 )_) patterned_JJ polydimethylsiloxane_NN1 (_( PDMS_NP1 )_) substrate_NN1 was_VBDZ the_AT platform_NN1 with_IW which_DDQ we_PPIS2 were_VBDR able_JK to_TO achieve_VVI the_AT full-range_JJ manipulation_NN1 ._. 
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To_TO solve_VVI this_DD1 problem_NN1 ,_, we_PPIS2 applied_VVD Aps_NP2 to_TO functionalize_VVI Fg_NP1 to_TO develop_VVI Ap–Fn_NP1 hydrogels_VVZ for_IF controlled_JJ VEGF_NN1 delivery_NN1 ._. 
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Different_JJ from_II its_APPGE UOR_NN1 performance_NN1 ,_, the_AT NF/NiMoO-H2_NP1 ,_, however_RR ,_, shows_NN2 marked_VVN HER_APPGE activity_NN1 that_CST almost_RR equals_VVZ Pt/C_NNU in_II alkali_NN1 (_( Fig_NN1 3d_NNU )_) ._. 
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The_AT high_JJ basicity_NN1 of_IO the_AT support_NN1 suppresses_VVZ cracking_JJ and_CC polymerization_NN1 reactions_NN2 and_CC leads_VVZ to_II enhanced_JJ steam-coke_JJ reaction_NN1 ,_, which_DDQ ultimately_RR decreases_VVZ the_AT carbon_NN1 deposition_NN1 over_II active_JJ metal_NN1 surface_NN1 during_II SRT_NP1 reaction_NN1 (_( Ashok_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2015a_FO )_) ._. 
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The_AT ultimate_JJ goal_NN1 of_IO this_DD1 study_NN1 was_VBDZ to_TO create_VVI diverging_JJ arterial_JJ venous_JJ EC_NP1 progenitor_NN1 populations_NN2 ._. 
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Ethoxy_NP1 acetal–derivatized_VVD dextran_JJ nanoparticles_NN2 (_( AceDEX_NP1 NPs_NP1 )_) are_VBR constructed_VVN as_CSA "_" inner_JJ core_NN1 "_" loaded_VVN with_IW insulin_NN1 ,_, and_CC coloading_VVG glucose_NN1 oxidase_NN1 (_( GOx_NP1 )_) and_CC catalase_NN1 (_( CAT_NN1 )_) endow_VV0 the_AT "_" inner_JJ core_NN1 "_" excellent_JJ glucosesensitive_JJ ability_NN1 ._. 
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After_CS thermal_JJ equilibrium_NN1 was_VBDZ reached_VVN ,_, samples_NN2 prepared_VVN for_IF dry-mode_JJ imaging_NN1 of_IO the_AT solution_NN1 were_VBDR then_RT imaged_VVN ,_, as_CSA shown_VVN in_II Figure_NN1 2b_FO ._. 
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This_DD1 growth_NN1 from_II the_AT substrate_NN1 towards_II the_AT top_JJ surface_NN1 led_VVN to_II the_AT formation_NN1 of_IO ferritic_JJ columnar_JJ grains_NN2 ,_, the_AT diameter_NN1 of_IO which_DDQ (_( 2–3_MCMC m_NNU )_) as_II31 well_II32 as_II33 their_APPGE crystallographic_JJ orientations_NN2 were_VBDR inherited_VVN from_II the_AT subsurface_NN1 precursors_NN2 &lsqb;_( 40_MC &rsqb;_) ._. 
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The_AT other_JJ strategy_NN1 is_VBZ a_AT1 combination_NN1 or_CC modification_NN1 of_IO the_AT technologies_NN2 in_II planar_JJ processes_NN2 (_( including_II lithography_NN1 ,_, deposition_NN1 ,_, and_CC etching_NN1 )_) and_CC is_VBZ referred_VVN to_II as_RG "_" planar_JJ technology_NN1 "_" in_II this_DD1 review_NN1 ._. 
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Therefore_RR d_ZZ1 in_II the_AT graphene/Co/Ru(0001)_NN1 system_NN1 can_VM be_VBI estimated_VVN as_CSA d_ZZ1 =_FO 0.11_MC ±_FO 0.04_MC meV_NNU per_II atom_NN1 ._. 
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When_CS Pe_NN1 is_VBZ high_RR enough_RR to_TO obtain_VVI a_AT1 type-III_MC (_( all-up_RR )_) jet_NN1 shape_NN1 ,_, δmax_FO is_VBZ almost_RR 90°_NNU (_( Fig_NN1 9b_FO )_) ,_, and_CC only_RR minor_JJ defects_NN2 other_II21 than_II22 the_AT fillet_NN1 are_VBR observed_VVN on_II the_AT edge_NN1 ._. 
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The_AT resultant_JJ suspension_NN1 was_VBDZ concentrated_VVN via_II a_AT1 100_MC kDa_NNU tangential_JJ filtration_NN1 concentration_NN1 unit_NN1 (_( Pall-Gellman_NP1 )_) ._. 
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Removal_NN1 of_IO ascorbate_NN1 from_II the_AT tear_NN1 solution_NN1 resulted_VVN in_II a_AT1 catalytic_JJ current_JJ increase_NN1 of_IO ca_VM ._. 
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It_PPH1 is_VBZ unclear_JJ why_RRQ the_AT Co_NN1 addition_NN1 decreases_VVZ Sr_FO segregation_NN1 ._. 
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These_DD2 correlation_NN1 effects_NN2 may_VM explain_VVI the_AT remaining_JJ discrepancy_NN1 between_II experiment_NN1 and_CC calculation_NN1 ,_, which_DDQ requires_VVZ further_JJR studies_NN2 ._. 
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This_DD1 bar_NN1 exceeded_VVD the_AT graph_NN1 ,_, the_AT real_JJ value_NN1 is_VBZ 1.3065_MC ;_; this_DD1 bar_NN1 exceeded_VVD the_AT graph_NN1 ,_, the_AT real_JJ value_NN1 is_VBZ 0.2454_MC ;_; this_DD1 bar_NN1 exceeded_VVD the_AT graph_NN1 ,_, the_AT real_JJ value_NN1 is_VBZ 0.26125_MC ._. 
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The_AT Kissinger_NP1 equation_NN1 is_VBZ as_CSA follows_VVZ :_: FORMULA_NN1 ,_, where_RRQ ,_, β_NULL is_VBZ the_AT heating_NN1 rate_NN1 ,_, Tp_NP1 is_VBZ the_AT peak_NN1 temperature_NN1 for_IF β_NULL ._. 
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The_AT aspect_NN1 ratio_NN1 of_IO clay_NN1 layers_NN2 was_VBDZ calculated_VVN using_VVG Halpin–Tsai_JJ model_NN1 ._. 
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A_AT1 maximum_JJ DR_NNB of_IO 0.384_MC is_VBZ obtained_VVN when_CS irradiating_VVG the_AT film_NN1 for_IF 60_MC min_NNU ,_, which_DDQ is_VBZ 8.3_MC times_NNT2 higher_RRR than_CSN the_AT case_NN1 before_II irradiation_NN1 (_( Fig_NN1 2c_FO and_CC Fig_NN1 S4_FO )_) ._. 
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The_AT resulting_JJ low_JJ solubility_NN1 organic_JJ material_NN1 36_MC was_VBDZ isolated_VVN by_II filtration_NN1 and_CC mixed_VVN with_IW freshly_RR prepared_JJ nanoparticles_NN2 of_IO palladium_NN1 (_( final_JJ loading_NN1 0.5_MC wt_NN1 %_NNU ,_, Figure_NN1 12_MC )_) or_CC gold_NN1 (_( loading_VVG 0.5_MC wt_NN1 %_NNU )_) ,_, to_TO serve_VVI as_II a_AT1 support_NN1 in_II the_AT final_JJ hybrids_NN2 PdNPs@COF_FO 37_MC and_CC AuNPs@COF_FO 37b_FO ,_, respectively_RR ._. 
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This_DD1 Cl–_JJ ion_NN1 transport_NN1 selectivity_NN1 of_IO the_AT compounds_NN2 is_VBZ in_II31 accordance_II32 with_II33 their_APPGE respective_JJ ion_NN1 binding_JJ affinity_NN1 ._. 
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These_DD2 constrains_VVZ can_VM be_VBI overcome_VVN by_II elastomeric_JJ micropillars_NN2 for_IF cell_NN1 spreading_NN1 ,_, which_DDQ allow_VV0 facile_JJ mapping_NN1 of_IO force_NN1 distribution_NN1 within_II cells.23_FO Furthermore_RR ,_, micropillars_NN2 can_VM be_VBI functionalized_VVN with_IW biomolecules_NN2 that_CST yield_VV0 chemical_JJ stimuli_NN2 for_IF various_JJ cell_NN1 functions_NN2 ,_, such_II21 as_II22 adhesion24_FO ,_, 25_MC or_CC immune_JJ response_NN1 ,_, 26_MC and_CC thereby_RR allow_VV0 integration_NN1 of_IO mechanical_JJ and_CC biochemical_JJ cues_NN2 ._. 
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Progress_NN1 in_II those_DD2 aspects_NN2 is_VBZ expectable_JJ in_II the_AT near_JJ future_NN1 ._. 
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The_AT filling_NN1 of_IO paraffin_NN1 into_II the_AT CNT_NP1 proceeded_VVD as_II the_AT reaction_NN1 time_NNT1 was_VBDZ increased_VVN (_( Fig_NN1 8C_FO )_) ._. 
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The_AT resulting_JJ dynamic_JJ force_NN1 was_VBDZ superimposed_VVN on_II a_AT1 static_JJ force_NN1 that_CST was_VBDZ maintained_VVN at_II a_AT1 value_NN1 equal_JJ to_II 120%_NNU of_IO the_AT maximum_JJ value_NN1 of_IO the_AT dynamic_JJ force_NN1 throughout_II the_AT experiment_NN1 ._. 
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The_AT optical_JJ band_NN1 gap_NN1 of_IO the_AT films_NN2 is_VBZ determined_VVN as_CSA 3.64_MC eV_NN1 for_IF pure_JJ PDMAEMA_NN1 ._. 
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Over_II the_AT last_MD two_MC decades_NNT2 ,_, attention_NN1 has_VHZ been_VBN paid_VVN to_II the_AT use_NN1 of_IO PCMs_NP1 in_II thermo-solar_JJ energy_NN1 storage_NN1 systems_NN2 ,_, where_CS it_PPH1 is_VBZ required_VVN to_TO store_VVI thermal_JJ energy_NN1 during_II the_AT sunshine_NN1 for_IF use_NN1 at_II night_NNT1 ._. 
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The_AT schematic_JJ diagram_NN1 of_IO 1D_NNU chain-like_JJ Co3O4/PPy_JJ ._. 
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<s>
In_RR21 addition_RR22 ,_, energy_NN1 barriers_NN2 of_IO several_DA2 main_JJ dislocation_NN1 reactions_NN2 have_VH0 been_VBN calculated_VVN as_II a_AT1 function_NN1 of_IO E_ZZ1 (_( defined_VVN as_II an_AT1 energy_NN1 unit_NN1 ,_, see_VV0 SI_FW Section_NN1 7_MC for_IF details_NN2 )_) on_II the_AT basis_NN1 of_IO the_AT change_NN1 of_IO isotropic_JJ dislocation_NN1 elastic_NN1 energy_NN1 during_II reactions_NN2 (_( Table_NN1 1_MC1 ,_, see_VV0 SI_FW Section_NN1 7_MC for_IF calculation_NN1 )_) ._. 
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<s>
Meanwhile_RR ,_, the_AT whole_JJ electrode_NN1 structure_NN1 is_VBZ well_RR kept_VVN ,_, suggesting_VVG its_APPGE superior_JJ chemical_JJ stability_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Yet_RR ,_, for_IF NPs_NP1 that_CST show_VV0 pronounced_JJ non-specific_JJ interactions_NN2 ,_, such_II21 as_II22 ,_, for_REX21 instance_REX22 ,_, QDs-Itk-COOH_NN2 ,_, the_AT reduced_JJ mobility_NN1 might_VM be_VBI caused_VVN by_II an_AT1 increased_JJ effective_JJ NP_NP1 size_NN1 due_II21 to_II22 a_AT1 stable_JJ protein_NN1 corona_NN1 forming_VVG around_II them40_FO ._. 
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<s>
Element_NN1 analysis_NN1 was_VBDZ performed_VVN on_II field-emission_JJ SEM_NN1 equipped_VVN with_IW an_AT1 energy-disperse_VV0 X-ray_NN1 spectroscopy_NN1 (_( EDX_NP1 )_) detector_NN1 (_( Quanta-250_MC ,_, JieKe_NP1 FEI_NP1 )_) ._. 
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<s>
Characterization_NN1 of_IO interlayer_NN1 lithium_NN1 plating_NN1 :_: g_ZZ1 ,_, j_ZZ1 )_) SEM_NN1 and_CC h_ZZ1 ,_, i_ZZ1 ,_, k_ZZ1 ,_, l_ZZ1 )_) EDX_VV0 elemental_JJ mapping_NN1 images_NN2 of_IO g-i_ZZ1 )_) AurGO_NN1 and_CC j-l_NNU )_) rGO_NN1 which_DDQ were_VBDR plated_VVN with_IW lithium_NN1 and_CC oxidized_VVN in_II dry_JJ air_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
In_II the_AT authors_NN2 '_NULL previous_JJ study_NN1 &lsqb;_( 6_MC &rsqb;_) ,_, the_AT relationship_NN1 between_II the_AT morphology_NN1 of_IO resolidified_JJ TiCx_NN1 and_CC the_AT melting_NN1 degree_NN1 of_IO premixed_JJ TiC_NN1 was_VBDZ systematically_RR addressed_VVN ._. 
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In_II oxygen_NN1 atmosphere_NN1 ,_, two_MC distinctive_JJ peaks_NN2 of_IO starting_VVG AN_AT1 crystals_NN2 shown_VVN at_II 420_MC and_CC 440_MC nm_FU completely_RR disappeared_VVD after_II 12_MC h_ZZ1 reaction_NN1 ,_, and_CC one_MC1 broad_JJ peak_NN1 newly_RR appeared_VVD at_II 570_MC nm_FU instead_RR ._. 
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<s>
The_AT severity_NN1 of_IO damage_NN1 from_II these_DD2 light_JJ atoms_NN2 is_VBZ not_XX yet_RR clear_JJ on_II the_AT nanometre-scale_JJ photonic_JJ structures_NN2 proposed_VVN for_IF the_AT sail_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT relationship_NN1 between_II the_AT bending_NN1 stress_NN1 and_CC bending_VVG strain_NN1 of_IO the_AT CFRP_NP1 specimen_NN1 was_VBDZ revealed_VVN via_II the_AT three-point_NN1 bending_VVG test_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
CMS_NP1 is_VBZ a_AT1 direct_JJ measurement_NN1 of_IO the_AT polaron_NN1 absorption_NN1 ,_, where_CS the_AT oscillator_NN1 strength_NN1 of_IO polaron_NN1 absorption_NN1 is_VBZ inversely_RR related_VVN to_II the_AT degree_NN1 of_IO trapping.24_FO CMS_NP1 is_VBZ performed_VVN on_II (_( MIS_NP2 )_) structures_NN2 biased_VVN in_II accumulation_NN1 ,_, in_II the_AT same_DA way_NN1 as_CSA a_AT1 fieldeffect_NN1 device_NN1 such_II21 as_II22 a_AT1 transistor_NN1 would_VM be_VBI ._. 
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<s>
For_IF pristine_JJ silica_NN1 ,_, the_AT characteristic_JJ peaks_NN2 for_IF the_AT SiOSi_JJ structure_NN1 (_( s_ZZ1 at_II 798_MC cm-1_MC1 and_CC as_CSA at_II 1100_MC cm-1_MC1 )_) are_VBR observed_VVN ._. 
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<s>
Silicone_NN1 rubber_NN1 was_VBDZ prepared_VVN via_II a_AT1 dehydrogenative_JJ foaming_JJ method_NN1 ,_, and_CC the_AT reaction_NN1 mechanism_NN1 is_VBZ proposed_VVN in_II Fig_NN1 S1b_FO ._. 
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<s>
Their_APPGE results_NN2 demonstrated_VVD that_CST optimal_JJ values_NN2 of_IO the_AT iARDRPR_NN1 parameters_NN2 were_VBDR not_XX strongly_RR affected_VVN by_II flow_NN1 factors_NN2 such_II21 as_II22 fill_NN1 rate_NN1 and_CC part_NN1 geometry_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
We_PPIS2 found_VVD that_CST the_AT administration_NN1 of_IO the_AT trap_NN1 along_II21 with_II22 immunogenic_JJ cell-death-mediated_JJ vaccination_NN1 generated_VVD robust_JJ innate_JJ and_CC adaptive_JJ immune_JJ responses_NN2 ,_, resulting_VVG in_II significant_JJ tumor_NN1 regression_NN1 in_II the_AT murine_JJ model_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Fig_NN1 3_MC Typical_JJ maximum_JJ out-of-plane_JJ displacements_NN2 for_IF a_AT1 service-aged_JJ engine_NN1 mount_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
In_RR21 addition_RR22 ,_, when_CS the_AT plasmid_NN1 dose_NN1 of_IO CLANpM458_FO was_VBDZ increased_VVN to_II 2_MC mg/kg_NNU ,_, 20.9%_FO of_IO macrophages_NN2 and_CC 15.6%_FO of_IO monocytes_NN2 exhibited_VVD EGFP_NP1 expression_NN1 ,_, while_CS the_AT percentage_NN1 of_IO EGFP-expressing_JJ neutrophils_NN2 was_VBDZ only_RR 2.7%_FO ._. 
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<s>
For_IF group_NN1 (_( 3_MC )_) ,_, the_AT growth_NN1 speed_NN1 of_IO tumor_NN1 is_VBZ slower_JJR than_CSN that_DD1 for_IF group_NN1 (_( 1_MC1 )_) ._. 
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<s>
Simulated_JJ PL_NN1 spectra_NN2 of_IO the_AT two_MC AuNRs_NN2 for_IF 405_MC (_( H_ZZ1 )_) ,_, 488_MC (_( I_ZZ1 )_) ,_, 532_MC (_( J_ZZ1 )_) ,_, 633_MC (_( K_ZZ1 )_) ,_, and_CC 785_MC nm_FU (_( L_ZZ1 )_) excitation_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
In_II these_DD2 measurements_NN2 ,_, optical_JJ filters_NN2 were_VBDR employed_VVN to_TO control_VVI the_AT wavelength_NN1 of_IO photons_NN2 that_CST impinged_VVD on_II the_AT catalyst_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Finally_RR ,_, a_AT1 100_MC nm_FU Au_FO layer_NN1 was_VBDZ deposited_VVN on_II the_AT device_NN1 via_II thermal_JJ evaporation_NN1 in_II a_AT1 vacuum_NN1 chamber_NN1 (_( 9_MC ×_II 10-4_MCMC Pa_NNU )_) ._. 
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<s>
Ketoconazole_NP1 (_( Nizoral_NP1 2%_NNU )_) cream_NN1 was_VBDZ purchased_VVN from_II Janssen_NP1 (_( Switzerland_NP1 )_) ._. 
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<s>
In_II contrast_NN1 to_II tumorigenesis_NN1 of_IO osteosarcoma_NN1 cells_NN2 ,_, the_AT indicators_NN2 of_IO osteogenic_JJ differentiation_NN1 (_( ALP_NP1 ,_, COL1_FO ,_, BMP2_FO and_CC RUNX2_FO )_) &lsqb;_( 26_MC &rsqb;_) in_II osteoblasts_NN2 cultured_VVN within_II scaffolds_NN2 were_VBDR augmented_VVN with_IW the_AT increase_NN1 in_II adhesion_NN1 ligands_VVZ rather_II21 than_II22 stiffness_NN1 (_( Fig_NN1 4E_FO )_) ._. 
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<s>
In_II a_AT1 preliminary_JJ ex_II vivo_NN1 test_NN1 ,_, LuCI_NP1 hydrated_VVD in_II SIF_NP1 was_VBDZ manually_RR spread_VVN on_II a_AT1 freshly_RR harvested_VVN small_JJ intestine_NN1 mucosa_NN1 and_CC it_PPH1 rapidly_RR attached_VVN onto_II the_AT mucosa_NN1 to_TO form_VVI a_AT1 translucent_JJ layer_NN1 (_( Supplementary_JJ Movie_NN1 3_MC )_) that_CST remained_VVD strongly_RR attached_VVN in_II normal_JJ saline_JJ solution_NN1 (_( 0.9%_FO w/v_ZZ1 )_) even_RR with_IW vigorous_JJ shaking_NN1 (_( Supplementary_JJ Movie_NN1 4_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
Moreover_RR ,_, it_PPH1 was_VBDZ also_RR reported_VVN that_CST the_AT failure_NN1 will_VM be_VBI a_AT1 result_NN1 of_IO debonding_NN1 of_IO the_AT adhesive_NN1 &lsqb;_( 28_MC &rsqb;_) ._. 
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<s>
Fig_NN1 9_MC Measurement_NN1 of_IO the_AT residual_JJ stresses_NN2 and_CC fractions_NN2 of_IO retained_JJ austenite_NN1 at_II the_AT outer_JJ surface_NN1 and_CC different_JJ depths_NN2 below_II it_PPH1 at_II the_AT thickest_JJT part_NN1 (_( Body_NN1 )_) of_IO the_AT Navy_NN1 C-rings_NN2 (_( specimen_NN1 in_II tangential_JJ direction_NN1 )_) using_VVG X-ray_NN1 diffraction_NN1 (_( XRD_NP1 )_) technique_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
There_EX were_VBDR also_RR small_JJ brucite_NN1 peaks_NN2 in_II the_AT XRD_NP1 patterns_NN2 from_II all_DB time_NNT1 points_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT interlayer_NN1 lithium_NN1 plating_NN1 mode_NN1 demonstrates_VVZ good_JJ cyclability_NN1 because_CS the_AT lithium_NN1 nucleation_NN1 and_CC growth_NN1 are_VBR sandwiched_VVN between_II rGO_NN1 sheets_NN2 ,_, leading_VVG to_II the_AT stable_JJ SEI_FW formation_NN1 and_CC electrode_VV0 structures_NN2 ._. 
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Fig_NN1 8_MC Relationship_NN1 between_II the_AT bending_NN1 stress_NN1 and_CC bending_VVG strain_NN1 of_IO the_AT CFRP_NP1 specimen_NN1 under_II the_AT three-point_NN1 bending_VVG test_NN1 ;_; CNF_NP1 dispersion_NN1 was_VBDZ applied_VVN three_MC times_NNT2 (_( Experimental_JJ conditions_NN2 D_ZZ1 )_) ._. 
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<s>
Further_JJR pyrolysis_NN1 under_II a_AT1 nitrogen_NN1 atmosphere_NN1 at_II 550_MC °C_NNU leads_VVZ to_II the_AT formation_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 fine_JJ distribution_NN1 of_IO LiF-nanocrystallites_NN2 in_II a_AT1 matrix_NN1 of_IO amorphous_JJ and_CC fluorinated_JJ carbon_NN1 (_( AC_NN1 )_) ._. 
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<s>
We_PPIS2 therefore_RR performed_VVD a_AT1 simple_JJ statistical_JJ test_NN1 for_IF ergodicity33_FO ._. 
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<s>
As_CSA shown_VVN in_II Fig_NN1 7_MC ,_, the_AT deposited_VVN layer_NN1 is_VBZ compact_JJ with_IW the_AT soluble_JJ core_NN1 without_IW obvious_JJ gaps_NN2 or_CC holes_NN2 at_II the_AT interface_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Figure_NN1 3b_FO ,_, c_ZZ1 ,_, which_DDQ displays_VVZ the_AT Raman_NN1 spectra_NN2 of_IO sulfurized_JJ 3L_NNU WSe2_FO at_II 700_MC and_CC 800_MC °C_NNU ,_, shows_VVZ dominant_JJ Raman_NN1 peaks_NN2 related_VVN to_II WSe2_FO at_II 250_MC cm–1_JJ ,_, whereas_CS weak_JJ E2g1_FO and_CC A1g_FO Raman_NN1 peaks_NN2 of_IO WS2_FO are_VBR exhibited_VVN at_II =350_FO and_CC =418_FO cm–1_NN1 ,_, respectively_RR ._. 
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<s>
By_II using_VVG rCP_NNU and_CC rCDPz_NNU pulse_NN1 sequences_NN2 ,_, the_AT polarization-transfer_JJ dynamics_NN are_VBR evaluated_VVN on_II PTFE_NP1 ._. 
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<s>
As_CSA evident_JJ from_II Fig_NN1 3(a)_FO ,_, TC_NP1 of_IO x_ZZ1 =_FO 0.19_MC and_CC 0.20_MC samples_NN2 coincide_VV0 with_IW Tstr_NP1 ._. 
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<s>
Photocorrosion_NN1 is_VBZ a_AT1 common_JJ phenomenon_NN1 during_II the_AT photocatalytic_JJ process_NN1 with_IW CdS_NN2 photocatalysts_VVZ ,_, which_DDQ makes_VVZ it_PPH1 difficult_JJ for_IF CdS_NN2 and_CC CdS-based_JJ photocatalysts_NN2 to_TO be_VBI widely_RR applied_VVN in_II the_AT industrial_JJ field.201_FO This_DD1 has_VHZ attracted_VVN extensive_JJ attention_NN1 and_CC interest_NN1 from_II researchers_NN2 in_II recent_JJ years_NNT2 in_II an_AT1 effort_NN1 to_TO effectively_RR avoid_VVI the_AT photocorrosion_NN1 of_IO CdS_NN2 photocatalysts_VVZ ._. 
</s>
<s>
Open_JJ circles_NN2 and_CC crosses_NN2 ,_, vs_II filled_JJ squares_NN2 and_CC pluses_NN2 ,_, correspond_VV0 to_II samples_NN2 without_IW ,_, vs_II with_IW ,_, cryogenic_JJ cycling_NN1 ,_, respectively_RR ._. 
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<s>
However_RR ,_, cracks_NN2 inside_II δ-ferrite_FO of_IO the_AT 3Si-HRA_JJ sample_NN1 are_VBR not_XX always_RR terminated_VVN by_II the_AT neighboring_NN1 γ_NULL /_FO '_NULL layers_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
According_II21 to_II22 the_AT model_NN1 of_IO Hashin–Shtrikman_NP1 (_( HS_NP2 )_) &lsqb;_( 37,38_MC &rsqb;_) ,_, the_AT thermal_JJ conductivity_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 composite_NN1 can_VM be_VBI calculated_VVN by_II Eq_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
(_( 1_MC1 )_) if_CS MR_NNB ,_, or_CC by_II Eq_NN1 ._. 
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(_( 2_MC )_) if_CS MR_NNB ._. 
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<s>
FORMULAS_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Schematic_JJ illustration_NN1 for_IF some_DD of_IO the_AT possible_JJ interactions/bonding_FU between_II DGEBA_NP1 epoxy_JJ resin_NN1 ,_, rGO_NN1 ,_, SiHM_NP1 and_CC TETA_NP1 ._. 
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As_II a_AT1 variation_NN1 of_IO the_AT most_RGT common_JJ alloy_NN1 type_NN1 Co-Cr-Mo_NP1 &lsqb;_( 2,8,9_MC &rsqb;_) ,_, Co-Cr-W-Mo_NP1 alloys_NN2 have_VH0 been_VBN developed_VVN ,_, which_DDQ show_VV0 a_AT1 valuable_JJ combination_NN1 of_IO chemical_JJ resistance_NN1 and_CC mechanical_JJ properties_NN2 as_II31 well_II32 as_II33 adhesion_NN1 of_IO ceramic_JJ coatings_NN2 &lsqb;_( 3,10,11_MC &rsqb;_) ._. 
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<s>
Fig_NN1 1_MC1 SEM_NN1 micrographs_NN2 (_( ×2000_FO )_) of_IO HDPE/PA6_NP1 immiscible_JJ blends_NN2 before_II etching_NN1 (_( left_JJ column_NN1 )_) and_CC immiscible_JJ blends_NN2 and_CC composites_NN2 with_IW 30_MC %_NNU wt_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Following_VVG the_AT building_NN1 criteria_NN2 for_IF multifunctional_JJ nucleustargeted_JJ gene_NN1 carriers_NN2 ,_, Gong_NP1 and_CC coworkers_NN2 designed_VVN and_CC constructed_VVN a_AT1 "_" core–shell_NN1 "_" ternary_NN1 nanoparticle_NN1 with_IW hierarchical_JJ targeting_VVG as_II31 well_II32 as_II33 depth_NN1 penetration_NN1 capacity_NN1 for_IF in_JJ21 vivo_JJ22 gene_NN1 therapy.93_FO As_CSA depicted_VVN in_II Figure_NN1 8a_FO ,_, a_AT1 spontaneous_JJ nucleustargeting_JJ binary_JJ core_NN1 (_( PF33/pDNA_NN1 )_) ,_, which_DDQ was_VBDZ formed_VVN by_II condensing_VVG plasmid_NN1 DNA_NN1 with_IW fluorinated_JJ polymers_NN2 (_( PFs_NP1 )_) ,_, was_VBDZ covered_VVN by_II a_AT1 negatively_RR charged_VVN capsidlike_JJ shell_NN1 (_( RGDR8PEGHA_FO ,_, RRPH_NP1 )_) ._. 
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<s>
By_II day_NNT1 8_MC ,_, a_AT1 significant_JJ number_NN1 of_IO Pax3+_FO NPB_NP1 cells_NN2 were_VBDR evident_JJ at_II the_AT colony_NN1 centre_NN1 ,_, whereas_CS NE_ND1 differentiation_NN1 was_VBDZ completely_RR inhibited_VVN there_RL (_( Fig_NN1 4e_FO )_) ._. 
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Hydrogen_NN1 embrittlement_NN1 is_VBZ reversible_JJ ,_, though_CS little_DA1 is_VBZ known_VVN about_II the_AT recovery_NN1 process_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
With_IW increasing_JJ heat_NN1 input_NN1 and_CC decreasing_JJ welding_NN1 speed_NN1 ,_, the_AT peak_NN1 temperature_NN1 and_CC residence_NN1 time_NNT1 at_II high_JJ temperature_NN1 increased_VVN during_II welding_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
CV_NN1 measurements_NN2 in_II the_AT voltage_NN1 range_NN1 of_IO 2.5–4.1V_NNU vs_II Li+/Li_NP1 with_IW a_AT1 scanning_NN1 rate_NN1 of_IO 0.05_MC mV/s_FU were_VBDR carried_VVN out_RP on_II a_AT1 CHI_NN1 760E_FO electrochemical_JJ workstation_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Residence_NN1 times_NNT2 weakly_RR increase_VV0 with_IW DNA_NN1 length_NN1 in_II the_AT range_NN1 1–48.5_MCMC kb_NNU ,_, with_IW timescales_NN2 (_( 160–570_MCMC ms_NN1 )_) at_RR21 least_RR22 two_MC orders_NN2 of_IO magnitude_NN1 longer_RRR than_CSN observed_JJ '_NULL docking_NN1 times_NNT2 '_NULL for_IF 48.5_MC kb_NNU molecules_NN2 in_II both_DB2 optical_JJ and_CC electrical_JJ experiments_NN2 near_II planar_JJ nanopores_NN2 (_( 4_MC ms_NN1 )_) 37,38_MC ._. 
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<s>
General_JJ population_NN1 exposure_NN1 studies_NN2 also_RR indicated_VVN children_NN2 '_NULL s_ZZ1 (_( less_DAR than_CSN 6years_FO old_JJ )_) high_JJ blood_NN1 lead_NN1 and_CC cadmium_NN1 levels_NN2 ,_, and_CC they_PPHS2 are_VBR linked_VVN to_II their_APPGE parent_NN1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 involvement_NN1 in_II primitive_JJ e-waste_NN1 recycling_NN1 activities_NN2 (_( Huo_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2007_MC ,_, Li_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2008_MC ,_, Zheng_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2008_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
Displayed_VVN in_II Figure_NN1 8d_NNU ,_, e_ZZ1 are_VBR the_AT comparisons_NN2 of_IO GPC_NP1 chromatographs_VVZ for_IF both_DB2 C_NP1 '_NULL dot-2_MC and_CC C_ZZ1 '_NULL dot-6_MC before_II and_CC after_CS the_AT GPC_NP1 based_VVD fractionation_NN1 step_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Meanwhile_RR ,_, the_AT synergetic_JJ effect_NN1 of_IO the_AT hybrid_JJ filler_NN1 was_VBDZ also_RR very_RG eye-catching_JJ ._. 
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<s>
In_RR21 addition_RR22 ,_, the_AT combination_NN1 of_IO two_MC or_CC more_DAR therapies_NN2 based_VVN on_II multifunctional_JJ nanostructures_NN2 ,_, which_DDQ either_RR directly_RR target_VV0 specific_JJ subcellular_JJ organelles_NN2 or_CC release_VV0 organelletargeted_JJ therapeutics_NN1 ,_, is_VBZ also_RR introduced_VVN with_IW the_AT intent_NN1 of_IO superadditive_JJ therapeutic_JJ effects_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Diamond_NN1 grinding_NN1 tools_NN2 ,_, due_II21 to_II22 its_APPGE outstanding_JJ performance_NN1 ,_, including_II the_AT extreme_JJ hardness_NN1 ,_, high_JJ thermal_JJ conductivity_NN1 and_CC excellent_JJ wear_NN1 resistance_NN1 ,_, have_VH0 been_VBN widely_RR used_VVN in_II precision_NN1 machining_NN1 of_IO hard_JJ and_CC brittle_JJ materials_NN2 such_II21 as_II22 glasses_NN2 ,_, semiconductor_NN1 gemstones_NN2 ,_, ceramics_NN2 and_CC high_JJ resistant_JJ super-alloys_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Overall_RR ,_, it_PPH1 is_VBZ clear_JJ that_CST the_AT MnO_NN1 plays_VVZ a_AT1 negligible_JJ role_NN1 in_II catalyzing_VVG HER_PPHO1 as_CSA ,_, during_II the_AT electrochemical_JJ dissolution_NN1 process_NN1 ,_, the_AT HER_APPGE catalytic_JJ activity_NN1 of_IO the_AT electrode_NN1 remains_VVZ largely_RR unaffected_JJ (_( Fig_NN1 3a_FO )_) ,_, clearly_RR reflected_VVN by_II the_AT highly_RR stable_JJ current_JJ ._. 
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<s>
It_PPH1 is_VBZ ,_, thus_RR ,_, of_IO the_AT paramount_JJ importance_NN1 to_TO end_VVI up_RP with_IW a_AT1 component_NN1 having_VHG a_AT1 minimized_JJ distortion_NN1 at_II the_AT as-quenched_JJ state_NN1 so_CS21 that_CS22 the_AT expensive_JJ subsequent_JJ distortion-correction_JJ steps_NN2 can_VM be_VBI eliminated_VVN ._. 
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<s>
Such_DA embossed_JJ structures_NN2 are_VBR useful_JJ because_CS they_PPHS2 impart_VV0 structural_JJ rigidity_NN1 along_II multiple_NN1 or_CC single_JJ axes_NN2 ,_, to_II otherwise_RR flexible_JJ polymer_NN1 sheets_NN2 ._. 
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Fortunately_RR ,_, graphene_NN1 oxide_NN1 (_( GO_VV0 )_) can_VM be_VBI produced_VVN in_II tonne_NNU1 quantities_NN2 6,7_MC ._. 
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<s>
The_AT reduction_NN1 of_IO the_AT apparent_JJ PL_NN1 amplitude_NN1 for_IF ne_FW =_FO 6_MC is_VBZ due_II21 to_II22 the_AT limited_JJ resolution_NN1 of_IO our_APPGE measurements_NN2 (_( 200_MC ps_NNU2 )_) ,_, which_DDQ is_VBZ not_XX sufficient_JJ for_IF detecting_VVG the_AT Auger_NN1 decay_NN1 of_IO highly_RR charged_VVN excitons_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
When_CS the_AT La_NP1 doping_NN1 content_NN1 is_VBZ more_DAR than_CSN 0.05_MC ,_, the_AT polarization_NN1 mechanism_NN1 is_VBZ mainly_RR defect_VV0 dipole_NN1 polarization_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
In_II this_DD1 contribution_NN1 ,_, we_PPIS2 evaluate_VV0 the_AT energy_NN1 return_NN1 on_II investment_NN1 (_( EROI_NP1 )_) of_IO an_AT1 archetypal_JJ BECCS_NN2 facility_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT reconfigured_JJ composites_NN2 still_RR exhibited_VVN excellent_JJ light-induced_JJ shape_NN1 memory_NN1 properties_NN2 even_RR after_II 5_MC cycles_NN2 of_IO reconfiguration_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT captured_VVN images_NN2 revealed_VVD uniformly_RR distributed_VVN pores_NN2 with_IW round_JJ and_CC interconnected_VVN structures_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT spectra_NN2 ranging_VVG from_II 45_MC to_II 65_MC eV_NN1 for_IF ZnO_NP1 and_CC Li-ZnO_NP1 were_VBDR shown_VVN in_II Fig_NN1 1(e)_FO ._. 
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<s>
D.L._MC performed_VVD the_AT device_NN1 fabrication_NN1 and_CC properties_NN2 characterization_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Lattice_NN1 parameters_NN2 of_IO L3_FO ,_, L13_FO and_CC L32_FO ._. 
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<s>
This_DD1 result_NN1 is_VBZ consistent_JJ with_IW the_AT changes_NN2 in_II the_AT UV-vis_MC2 transmittance_NN1 (_( 600_MC nm_FU )_) of_IO 98%_NNU at_II 40_MC °C_NNU ,_, 97%_NNU at_II 50_MC °C_NNU ,_, 65%_NNU at_II 60_MC °C_NNU ,_, 11%_NNU at_II 70_MC °C_NNU ,_, and_CC 0%_NNU at_II 80_MC °C_NNU of_IO sol–gel_NN1 phase_NN1 transition_NN1 (_( Fig_NN1 2b_FO and_CC Fig_NN1 S3_FO ,_, ESI_NP1 )_) ._. 
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<s>
Specimens_NN2 were_VBDR prepared_VVN for_IF environmental_JJ conditioning_NN1 in_II five_MC separate_JJ sets_NN2 of_IO seven_MC specimens_NN2 each_DD1 ,_, for_IF a_AT1 total_NN1 of_IO 35_MC specimens_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
However_RR ,_, contrary_JJ results_NN2 were_VBDR found_VVN when_CS 1_MC1 m_ZZ1 Zn(NO3)2_FO or_CC 0.02_MC m_ZZ1 Zn(NO3)2_FO was_VBDZ used_VVN ._. 
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<s>
Conversely_RR ,_, free_JJ DiR_NN1 was_VBDZ primarily_RR trapped_VVN by_II the_AT reticuloendothelial_JJ system_NN1 (_( RES_NN1 )_) ,_, (_( 53_MC )_) causing_VVG intense_JJ signals_NN2 mainly_RR in_II the_AT lung_NN1 ,_, liver_NN1 ,_, and_CC spleen_NN1 ,_, whereas_CS rarely_RR in_II the_AT tumor_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Fig_NN1 11_MC Interlaminar_NP1 shear_VV0 strengths_NN2 of_IO polyimide_NN1 fiber_NN1 reinforced_VVD composites_NN2 matrixed_VVD with_IW DGEBA/DDS_FU ,_, 20FCTE/DGEBA/DDS_FU and_CC TGDDM/DDS_FU ,_, respectively_RR ._. 
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<s>
In_II conclusion_NN1 ,_, we_PPIS2 have_VH0 shown_VVN that_CST simultaneous_JJ enhancement_NN1 of_IO both_DB2 optical_JJ and_CC spin_VV0 coherence_NN1 times_NNT2 is_VBZ possible_JJ ,_, by_II using_VVG induced_JJ clock_NN1 transitions_NN2 at_II zero_MC field_NN1 or_CC by_II minimizing_VVG the_AT transition_NN1 gradients_NN2 using_VVG extremely_RR low_JJ magnetic_JJ bias_NN1 fields_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Images_NN2 from_II each_DD1 specimen_NN1 is_VBZ divided_VVN into_II four_MC parts_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
After_CS modification_NN1 of_IO the_AT clay_NN1 with_IW the_AT ammonium_NN1 salt_NN1 synthesized_VVD in_II the_AT first_MD step_NN1 ,_, the_AT clay_NN1 became_VVD organophilic_JJ and_CC suitable_JJ to_TO disperse_VVI in_II the_AT monomer_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
And_CC with_IW the_AT increasing_JJ loading_NN1 of_IO CNCs_NP1 ,_, the_AT b_ZZ1 and_CC εb_FO of_IO the_AT ternary_JJ nanocomposites_NN2 slightly_RR decreased_VVN ,_, but_CCB the_AT E_ND1 of_IO the_AT ternary_JJ nanocomposites_NN2 slightly_RR increased_VVN ._. 
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<s>
In_II the_AT DA_NN1 sample_NN1 ,_, long-striped_JJ Laves_NN2 phases_NN2 break_VV0 up_RP and_CC move_VV0 with_IW the_AT matrix_NN1 to_TO form_VVI the_AT '_NULL Z_NP1 '_NULL shape_NN1 (_( Fig_NN1 7(d)_FO red_JJ circle_NN1 position_NN1 )_) ._. 
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<s>
TG_NP1 measurement_NN1 was_VBDZ carried_VVN out_RP with_IW a_AT1 SDT_NP1 Q600_FO analyzer_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT evaporation_NN1 structure_NN1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 salt_NN1 rejection_NN1 capability_NN1 was_VBDZ characterized_VVN by_II several_DA2 complementary_JJ experiments_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
From_II the_AT relationship_NN1 between_II the_AT absorbance_NN1 and_CC the_AT irradiation_NN1 time_NNT1 of_IO the_AT MO_NP1 shown_VVN in_II Fig_NN1 S1_FO ,_, it_PPH1 can_VM be_VBI found_VVN that_CST the_AT coloration_NN1 and_CC absorption_NN1 peaks_NN2 of_IO MO_NP1 solution_NN1 decrease_NN1 gradually_RR ,_, meaning_VVG that_CST the_AT concentration_NN1 of_IO MO_NP1 in_II the_AT solution_NN1 is_VBZ continuously_RR reduced_VVN as_II the_AT irradiation_NN1 time_NNT1 is_VBZ prolonged_VVN ._. 
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<s>
This_DD1 review_NN1 systematically_RR summarizes_VVZ the_AT CdS-based_JJ photocatalysts_NN2 in_II31 terms_II32 of_II33 the_AT synthetic_JJ methods_NN2 ,_, fundamental_JJ properties_NN2 ,_, and_CC morphological_JJ features_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT structural_JJ characterizations_NN2 of_IO CoSe2-x_NP1 and_CC CoSe2-xPt_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
We_PPIS2 have_VH0 developed_VVN OTNL_NN1 for_IF ondemand_NN1 and_CC highthroughput_VV0 patterning_NN1 of_IO different_JJ 2D_NNU materials_NN2 through_II coordinated_JJ management_NN1 of_IO both_DB2 plasmonenhanced_VVD optothermal_JJ response_NN1 and_CC the_AT heatmatter_NN1 interaction_NN1 in_II the_AT optically_RR controlled_VVN temperature_NN1 field_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
In_II each_DD1 case_NN1 ,_, a_AT1 general_JJ process_NN1 flow_NN1 diagram_NN1 is_VBZ presented_VVN with_IW the_AT molar_JJ flow_NN1 rates_NN2 calculated_VVN according_II21 to_II22 the_AT base_NN1 case_NN1 assumptions_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
After_CS the_AT charge/discharge_NN1 cycles_NN2 ,_, the_AT &lsqb;_( AB5_FO &rsqb;_) subunits_NN2 expand_VV0 ,_, and_CC the_AT C15-type_NN1 &lsqb;_( A2B4_FO &rsqb;_) subunits_VVZ shrink_NN1 &lsqb;_( 17_MC &rsqb;_) ._. 
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<s>
We_PPIS2 note_VV0 that_CST very_RG little_DA1 effort_NN1 was_VBDZ made_VVN to_TO optimize_VVI the_AT code_NN1 performance_NN1 and_CC therefore_RR increased_JJ performance_NN1 is_VBZ likely_JJ possible_JJ ._. 
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<s>
Specifically_RR ,_, the_AT (_( 003_MC )_) H1_FO peak_NN1 smoothly_RR shifts_VVZ toward_II a_AT1 lower_JJR 2_MC θ_NULL upon_II charging_VVG and_CC evolves_VVZ into_II (_( 003_MC )_) H2_FO completely_RR at_II -40%_FO SOC_NP1 (_( -4.1_MC V_NNU )_) ._. 
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<s>
In_II consequence_NN1 ,_, TPETAPBI_NP1 fluoresces_VVZ more_RGR strongly_RR than_CSN TriPETAPBI_JJ in_II solid_JJ film_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
This_DD1 abnormal_JJ capacity_NN1 rise_NN1 means_VVZ that_CST the_AT SEI_FW layer_NN1 is_VBZ not_XX stable_JJ and_CC is_VBZ continuously_RR formed_VVN and_CC dissolved_VVN upon_II deep_JJ process_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT results_NN2 showed_VVD that_CST in_II31 comparison_II32 with_II33 unfilled_JJ foam_NN1 ,_, compositions_NN2 modified_VVN with_IW 0.1_MC wt%_FO of_IO CF_VV0 provide_VV0 greater_JJR compression_NN1 strength_NN1 (_( 220_MC kPa_NN1 measured_VVD parallel_RR )_) and_CC lower_JJR thermal_JJ conductivity_NN1 (_( 0.027W/m·K_FU )_) ._. 
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<s>
For_IF electrochemical_JJ impedance_NN1 spectroscopy_NN1 (_( EIS_NP1 )_) and_CC Tafel_NP1 polarization_NN1 measurements_NN2 ,_, the_AT dummy_JJ cells_NN2 were_VBDR assembled_VVN using_VVG two_MC identical_JJ CEs_NN2 filled_VVN with_IW the_AT same_DA electrolyte_NN1 used_VVN in_II the_AT DSSCs_NP1 ._. 
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<s>
Furthermore_RR ,_, these_DD2 chemicals_NN2 can_VM be_VBI largely_RR enriched_VVN in_II the_AT residues_NN2 due_II21 to_II22 significant_JJ volume_NN1 reduction_NN1 after_II sludge_NN1 incineration_NN1 (_( Hwang_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2007_MC ,_, Chen_NP1 and_CC Yan_NP1 ,_, 2012_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
To_TO predict_VVI the_AT deformation_NN1 and_CC stresses_VVZ in_II the_AT separator_NN1 in_II battery_NN1 cells_NN2 ,_, it_PPH1 is_VBZ necessary_JJ to_TO measure_VVI the_AT expansion/shrinkage_NN1 property_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 separator_NN1 as_CSA expressed_VVN by_II the_AT coefficient_NN1 of_IO thermal_JJ expansion_NN1 (_( CTE_NP1 )_) ._. 
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<s>
The_AT spatial_JJ dependence_NN1 of_IO the_AT experimental_JJ spectra_NN2 (_( Fig_NN1 4b_FO )_) shows_VVZ the_AT change_NN1 in_II band-edge_JJ energies_NN2 as_II the_AT STM_NN1 tip_NN1 moves_VVZ across_II the_AT interface_NN1 (_( dashed_JJ white_JJ line_NN1 )_) ._. 
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<s>
In_II the_AT 1:0_MC monotonic_JJ load_NN1 Baa_FU is_VBZ again_RT activated_VVN in_II the_AT microplastic_JJ regime_NN1 in_II the_AT 10.1_MC and_CC 11.2_MC grain_NN1 families_NN2 ,_, followed_VVN by_II TTW_NP1 ,_, then_RT Pria_NP1 and_CC Pyr2ndc+a_FO slip_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Thus_RR ,_, using_VVG UV–visible_JJ spectroscopy_NN1 and_CC UPS_NN2 ,_, we_PPIS2 measured_VVD the_AT band_NN1 structures_NN2 of_IO FMy&lsqb;46&rsqb;_FO ,_, &lsqb;_( 47_MC &rsqb;_) ._. 
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Values_NN2 are_VBR the_AT mean_NN1 of_IO the_AT raw_JJ integrated_JJ density_NN1 values_NN2 (_( n_ZZ1 =_FO 30_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
From_II weld_NN1 to_II SS_NP1 base_NN1 metal_NN1 ,_, the_AT content_NN1 of_IO Cu_FO gradually_RR decreases_VVZ ,_, while_CS the_AT contents_NN2 of_IO Fe_NP1 ,_, Cr_NP1 and_CC Ni_NP1 increase_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Furthermore_RR ,_, the_AT coalescing_NN1 of_IO all_DB these_DD2 curves_NN2 at_II higher_JJR frequencies_NN2 (_( over_RG 105_MC Hz_NNU )_) mimics_VVZ the_AT reduction_NN1 of_IO space_NN1 charge_NN1 polarization_NN1 with_IW the_AT increase_NN1 in_II frequency_NN1 &lsqb;_( 43_MC &rsqb;_) ._. 
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<s>
Importantly_RR ,_, special_JJ precautions_NN2 are_VBR needed_VVN for_IF patent_NN1 countermeasures_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
A_AT1 total_NN1 of_IO four_MC digital_JJ patterns_NN2 were_VBDR designed_VVN to_TO print_VVI the_AT final_JJ 3D_NNU liver_NN1 cancer_NN1 tissue_NN1 platform_NN1 (_( Figure_NN1 S4_FO ,_, Supporting_JJ Information_NN1 )_) in_II which_DDQ three_MC hexagonal_JJ patterns_NN2 were_VBDR used_VVN to_TO print_VVI regions_NN2 of_IO three_MC different_JJ stiffness_NN1 and_CC the_AT last_MD pattern_NN1 for_IF mimicking_VVG the_AT inter-lobule_JJ fibrous_JJ septa_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
As_II a_AT1 result_NN1 ,_, they_PPHS2 found_VVD that_CST PBS_NP1 nanocomposites_NN2 filled_VVN with_IW the_AT modified_JJ CNTC18_FO exhibited_VVN not_XX only_RR a_AT1 good_JJ dispersion_NN1 of_IO nanotubes_NN2 in_II PBS_NP1 matrix_NN1 ,_, but_CCB also_RR an_AT1 improvement_NN1 in_II thermal_JJ and_CC mechanical_JJ properties_NN2 as_RR21 well_RR22 ._. 
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Steel_NN1 making_VVG by-products_NN2 unsuitable_JJ for_IF recycling_NN1 stored_VVN in_II landfill_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Electrochemical_JJ Measurements_NN2 :_: VMP3_FO Electrochemical_JJ Workstation_NN1 (_( Biologic_JJ )_) was_VBDZ used_VVN for_IF electrochemical_JJ measurements_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Therefore_RR ,_, a_AT1 statistical_JJ analysis_NN1 of_IO their_APPGE performances_NN2 by_II considering_VVG nearly_RR all_DB literature_NN1 reports_VVZ that_CST have_VH0 appeared_VVN in_II this_DD1 period_NN1 is_VBZ presented_VVN ._. 
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<s>
Gol_VV0 '_NULL denblat_NN1 and_CC Kopnov_NP1 used_JJ Eq_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
2_MC ,_, without_IW the_AT stress_NN1 interaction_NN1 terms_NN2 F1112_FO and_CC F2212_FO ,_, to_TO solve_VVI for_IF most_DAT of_IO the_AT strength_NN1 tensor_NN1 components_NN2 by_II assuming_VVG uniaxial_JJ conditions_NN2 in_II the_AT 1_MC1 and_CC 2_MC directions_NN2 or_CC a_AT1 shear_VV0 condition_NN1 in_II the_AT 1–2_MCMC plane_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Partial_JJ charge_NN1 density_NN1 of_IO the_AT highest_JJT ground–state_NN1 4f_RA band_NN1 (_( a_AT1 ,_, b_ZZ1 ,_, c_ZZ1 ,_, and_CC d_ZZ1 )_) and_CC the_AT lowest_RRT excited–state_VV0 5d_NNU band_NN1 (_( e_ZZ1 ,_, f_ZZ1 ,_, g_ZZ1 ,_, and_CC h_ZZ1 )_) of_IO M2Si5N8:Eu2+_FO (_( M_ZZ1 =_FO Mg_FO ,_, Ca_NP1 ,_, Sr_NNA ,_, Ba_NP1 )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
All_DB materials_NN2 (_( PEN_NN1 pellets_NN2 ,_, films_NN2 ,_, and_CC reinforcing_VVG fabrics_NN2 )_) were_VBDR dried_VVN in_II oven_NN1 by_II applying_VVG vacuum_NN1 at_II 120_MC °C_NNU for_IF at_RR21 least_RR22 6h_FO ._. 
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<s>
For_REX21 example_REX22 ,_, the_AT optical_JJ patterning_NN1 of_IO graphene_NN1 nanostructures_NN2 will_VM facilitate_VVI the_AT development_NN1 of_IO terahertz_NN1 photonic_JJ devices_NN2 for_IF applications_NN2 in_II biosensing_VVG and_CC photon_NN1 detection_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
In_II this_DD1 paper_NN1 ,_, a_AT1 new_JJ theoretical_JJ approach_NN1 is_VBZ proposed_VVN to_TO describe_VVI the_AT in-plane_NN1 yield_NN1 strengths_NN2 of_IO the_AT square_JJ honeycombs_NN2 in_II different_JJ directions_NN2 ._. 
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As_CSA shown_VVN in_II Fig_NN1 3a_FO ,_, the_AT chronoamperometric_JJ curve_NN1 remained_VVD almost_RR unchanged_JJ over_II the_AT reaction_NN1 period_NN1 ,_, showing_VVG a_AT1 j_ZZ1 stabilized_VVD -25_MC mA_NN1 cm-2_MC with_IW minor_JJ fluctuations_NN2 (_( 10%_NNU )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
NPs_NP1 with_IW different_JJ sizes_NN2 and_CC surface_NN1 modifications_NN2 also_RR have_VH0 different_JJ tendencies_NN2 to_TO be_VBI phagocytosed_VVN by_II macrophages_NN2 ,_, which_DDQ can_VM be_VBI detrimental_JJ for_IF cancer_NN1 vaccination30_FO ._. 
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<s>
Such_DA change_NN1 in_II the_AT oxidation_NN1 state_NN1 of_IO surface_NN1 Ir_NN1 from_II +4_MC to_II +5_MC is_VBZ coupled_VVN to_II a_AT1 decrease_NN1 in_II surface_NN1 concentration_NN1 of_IO adsorbed_JJ hydroxyl_NN1 species_NN ,_, supporting_VVG a_AT1 peroxy_JJ species_NN (_( OOH_UH )_) mediated_VVD deprotonation_NN1 mechanism_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
This_DD1 result_NN1 is_VBZ due_II21 to_II22 the_AT fact_NN1 that_CST B2_FO phase_NN1 content_NN1 gradually_RR increases_VVZ with_IW an_AT1 increase_NN1 in_II pulling_VVG length_NN1 ,_, as_CSA shown_VVN in_II Fig_NN1 10_MC ._. 
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<s>
To_TO transfer_VVI WSe2_FO onto_II a_AT1 TEM_NN1 grids_NN2 or_CC a_AT1 fresh_JJ substrate_NN1 ,_, WSe2/sapphire_NN1 was_VBDZ spin-coated_JJ with_IW PMMA_NP1 (_( 950-000_MCMC molecular_JJ weight_NN1 )_) at_II 2000_MC rpm_NNU for_IF 30_MC s_ZZ1 ._. 
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<s>
After_II that_DD1 ,_, 16%_NNU HF_NP1 solution_NN1 was_VBDZ used_VVN to_TO release_VVI PMMA/WSe2_NN1 from_II sapphire_NN1 ._. 
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The_AT temporal_JJ resolution_NN1 of_IO this_DD1 system_NN1 was_VBDZ 200_MC ps_NNU2 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT wrinkling_NN1 of_IO MFI_JJ nanosheets_NN2 was_VBDZ nonuniform_JJ and_CC layers_NN2 were_VBDR wrinkled_VVN anisotropically_RR with_IW up_RG21 to_RG22 0.8_MC nm_FU average_JJ surface_NN1 roughness_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT surface_NN1 morphology_NN1 in_II the_AT AlxGa1-xN_FO powders_NN2 depends_VVZ on_II the_AT aluminum_NN1 concentration_NN1 ,_, which_DDQ could_VM form_VVI plates_NN2 or_CC flakes_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
We_PPIS2 thank_VV0 D._NP1 Dreon_NP1 for_IF careful_JJ reading_NN1 of_IO the_AT manuscript_NN1 and_CC X._NP1 Li_NP1 for_IF experimental_JJ assistance_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
On_II the_AT other_JJ hand_NN1 ,_, increasing_VVG the_AT surface_NN1 density_NN1 of_IO the_AT parallel_JJ birnessite_NN1 sheets_NN2 on_II MnOOH_NP1 will_VM increase_VVI the_AT density_NN1 of_IO the_AT active_JJ components_NN2 in_II the_AT composite_JJ structure_NN1 ,_, reducing_VVG the_AT inert_JJ mass_NN1 and_CC volume_NN1 in_II the_AT electrode_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT process_NN1 involves_VVZ the_AT self-assembly_NN1 of_IO polymer-grafted_JJ Au_FO NPs_NP1 into_II 2D_NNU monolayer_NN1 arrays_NN2 on_II the_AT substrate_NN1 ,_, selective_JJ removal_NN1 of_IO polymer_NN1 ligands_VVZ from_II the_AT top_JJ surface_NN1 of_IO NPs_NP1 by_II oxygen_NN1 plasma_NN1 treatment_NN1 ,_, and_CC deposition_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 second_MD metal_NN1 selectively_RR on_II the_AT exposed_JJ surface_NN1 of_IO seed_NN1 NP_NP1 arrays_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
While_CS rigid_JJ substrates_NN2 and_CC packaging_NN1 can_VM be_VBI used_VVN to_TO mitigate_VVI damaging_JJ stress_NN1 concentrations_NN2 in_II traditional_JJ electronics_NN1 ,_, such_DA encapsulation_NN1 will_VM interfere_VVI with_IW the_AT elasticity_NN1 of_IO soft_JJ circuits_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Generally_RR ,_, the_AT compounds_NN2 with_IW larger_JJR band-gaps_NN2 (_( Eg_REX =_FO 0.55_MC eV_NN1 )_) are_VBR stabilized_VVN to_II a_AT1 greater_JJR extent_NN1 relative_II21 to_II22 the_AT small_JJ band-gap_NN1 (_( Eg_REX =_FO 0.55_MC eV_NN1 )_) cases_NN2 (_( see_VV0 Fig_NN1 2_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
Excellent_JJ mechanical_JJ properties_NN2 grow_VV0 the_AT stress_NN1 bearing_VVG capacity_NN1 of_IO composites_NN2 ,_, which_DDQ is_VBZ also_RR crucial_JJ to_TO decrease_VVI the_AT wear_NN1 rate_NN1 &lsqb;_( 11_MC &rsqb;_) ._. 
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<s>
As_CSA fibers_NN2 are_VBR exposed_VVN to_II high_JJ cooling_JJ rates_NN2 and_CC draw_VV0 ratios_NN2 during_II their_APPGE production_NN1 ,_, crystallinity_NN1 normally_RR is_VBZ not_XX a_AT1 bulk_NN1 property_NN1 but_CCB a_AT1 characteristic_NN1 that_CST changes_NN2 over_II the_AT cross-section_NN1 of_IO the_AT sample_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Moreover_RR ,_, the_AT metal_NN1 sample_NN1 needed_VVD thermal_JJ treatment_NN1 at_II 250_MC °C_NNU for_IF 4h_FO to_TO decrease_VVI residual_JJ stress_NN1 inside_II the_AT structure_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Materials_NN2 :_: PVDF_NP1 microfiltration_NN1 membrane_NN1 with_IW average_JJ pore_NN1 size_NN1 of_IO 0.22_MC um_UH was_VBDZ commercially_RR obtained_VVN from_II Yibo_NP1 Filtration_NN1 Equipment_NN1 Ltd_JJ ._. 
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<s>
Co_NP1 ._. 
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<s>
(_( Haining_NP1 ,_, Zhejiang_NP1 Province_NN1 China_NP1 )_) ._. 
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<s>
In_RR21 addition_RR22 ,_, honeycomb_VV0 structures_NN2 on_II poly_NN1 (_( dimethylsiloxane_NN1 )_) and_CC inverted_JJ colloidal_JJ crystal_NN1 scaffolds_NN2 of_IO poly_NN1 (_( acrylamide_NN1 )_) hydrogels_NN2 have_VH0 been_VBN used_VVN to_TO fabricate_VVI size-controlled_JJ mouse_NN1 embryonic_JJ stem_NN1 cell_NN1 spheroids_NN2 and_CC hepatocyte_NN1 spheroids_NN2 for_IF functional_JJ liver_NN1 tissue_NN1 formation_NN1 ,_, respectively_RR &lsqb;_( 29,30_MC &rsqb;_) ._. 
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Figure_NN1 5_MC shows_VVZ the_AT FTIR_NN1 of_IO the_AT polymer/clay_NN1 nanocomposites_NN2 (_( 4a–c_NN1 )_) ._. 
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<s>
This_DD1 high_JJ performance_NN1 mainly_RR arises_VVZ from_II the_AT large_JJ Pmax_NN1 (_( 45_MC C/cm2_FU )_) and_CC high_JJ DBS_NP1 (_( 151_MC kV/cm_NNU )_) ._. 
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<s>
Peaks_NN2 still_RR highlight_VV0 the_AT presence_NN1 of_IO twins_NN2 but_CCB less_RGR numerous_JJ and_CC only_JJ compression_NN1 twins_NN2 in_II this_DD1 case_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Cells_NN2 were_VBDR spiked_VVN into_II 1_MC1 ml_NNU of_IO human_JJ blood_NN1 for_IF all_DB trials_NN2 shown_VVN ._. 
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<s>
The_AT Raman_NN1 spectroscopy_NN1 and_CC PL_NN1 of_IO MoS2_FO were_VBDR performed_VVN on_II a_AT1 Renishaw_NN1 inVia_NN1 system_NN1 using_VVG a_AT1 532_MC nm_FU wavelength_NN1 laser_NN1 source_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
SXCT_NP1 reveals_VVZ pore_NN1 growth_NN1 mechanisms_NN2 when_RRQ the_AT tensile_JJ axis_NN1 is_VBZ perpendicular_JJ to_II the_AT build_NN1 direction_NN1 ,_, whereas_CS no_AT such_DA behavior_NN1 is_VBZ observed_VVN as_II the_AT tensile_JJ axis_NN1 is_VBZ along_II the_AT build_NN1 direction_NN1 ._. 
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However_RR ,_, all_DB of_IO the_AT data_NN for_IF and_CC β_NULL were_VBDR generated_VVN at_II the_AT same_DA spot_NN1 ._. 
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LiCl_VV0 and_CC PBO_NP1 enhanced_VVD the_AT interfacial_JJ compatibility_NN1 of_IO PA6_FO and_CC wood_NN1 fiber_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Contaminants_NN2 are_VBR not_XX the_AT only_JJ cause_NN1 for_IF the_AT reduction_NN1 in_II the_AT properties_NN2 of_IO recycled_JJ plastic_NN1 product_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
This_DD1 strongly_RR calls_VVZ for_IF more_RGR responsible_JJ management_NN1 of_IO e-waste_NN1 quantities_NN2 generated_VVD ,_, at_II both_DB2 local_JJ and_CC global_JJ levels_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Here_RL ,_, we_PPIS2 first_MD predicted_VVD the_AT percolation_NN1 behavior_NN1 of_IO EMI_NP1 shielding_VVG existing_JJ in_II CPC_NP1 because_CS the_AT EMI_NP1 shielding_VVG effectiveness_NN1 (_( SE_NP1 )_) was_VBDZ mainly_RR dependent_JJ on_II the_AT conductivity_NN1 of_IO CPC_NP1 if_CS assuming_VVG the_AT constantly_RR magnetic_JJ permeability_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
As_CSA stated_VVN before_RT ,_, increasing_JJ stiffness_NN1 ratio_NN1 between_II the_AT infiltrated_JJ fiber_NN1 yarns_NN2 and_CC interwoven_JJ matrix_NN1 tends_VVZ to_TO exacerbate_VVI the_AT discrepancy_NN1 between_II the_AT onestep_NN1 and_CC twostep_VV0 procedures_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
This_DD1 work_NN1 demonstrates_VVZ a_AT1 significant_JJ advancement_NN1 in_II rapid_JJ 3D_NNU patterning_NN1 of_IO complex_JJ ECM_NP1 biomaterials_NN2 with_IW biomimetic_JJ architecture_NN1 and_CC tunable_JJ mechanical_JJ properties_NN2 for_IF in_JJ21 vitro_JJ22 disease_NN1 modeling_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Fig_NN1 4_MC Correlation_NN1 of_IO combustion_NN1 wave_NN1 velocity_NN1 (_( Vf_NP1 )_) with_IW temperature_NN1 (_( Tc_NP1 )_) for_IF determination_NN1 of_IO activation_NN1 energy_NN1 (_( Ea_NP1 )_) of_IO the_AT PTFE-activated_JJ ZrSiO4–Al–C_NN1 reaction_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Then_RT the_AT region_NN1 defined_VVN by_II a_AT1 spherical_JJ shell_NN1 starting_VVG from_II the_AT surface_NN1 and_CC of_IO width_NN1 δ_FO is_VBZ emptied_VVN and_CC next_MD filled_VVN by_II a_AT1 cubic_JJ silicon_NN1 carbide_NN1 crystal_NN1 of_IO lattice_NN1 parameter_NN1 equal_JJ to_II 4.36_MC ,_, with_IW the_AT same_DA orientation_NN1 than_CSN the_AT remaining_JJ silicon_NN1 part_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Here_RL we_PPIS2 studied_VVD two_MC other_JJ non-mulberry_JJ SF_NN1 sources_NN2 ;_; Antheraea_NP1 assamensis_NN1 Helfer_NN1 ,_, 1837_MC (_( AA_NP1 SF_NN1 )_) and_CC Philosamia_NP1 ricini_NN2 Donovan_NP1 ,_, 1798_MC (_( PR_NP1 SF_NN1 )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT carbon_NN1 nanotubes_NN2 used_VVN in_II this_DD1 study_NN1 have_VH0 an_AT1 average_JJ diameter_NN1 of_IO 2_MC nm_FU ._. 
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For_IF overcoming_VVG the_AT crisis_NN1 ,_, the_AT concept_NN1 of_IO conversion_NN1 into_II the_AT '_NULL Resource_NN1 Circulation_NN1 Society_NN1 '_NULL is_VBZ required_VVN by_II inhibiting_VVG wastes_NN2 in_II the_AT overall_JJ processes_NN2 of_IO production_NN1 ,_, distribution_NN1 ,_, consumption_NN1 ,_, and_CC disposal_NN1 or_CC by_II preventing_VVG the_AT environmental_JJ contamination_NN1 and_CC minimizing_VVG the_AT use_NN1 of_IO natural_JJ resources_NN2 and_CC energy_NN1 through_II the_AT effective_JJ waste_NN1 management_NN1 with_IW recycling_NN1 wastes_VVZ into_II substitute_JJ resources_NN2 (_( Demirbas_NP2 ,_, 2011_MC ,_, Durr_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2017_MC ,_, Song_NN1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2015_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
Compartmentalization_NN1 techniques_NN2 ,_, such_II21 as_II22 microfabricated_JJ chambers_NN2 ,_, vesicles_NN2 or_CC emulsions_NN2 34_MC ,_, provide_VV0 alternatives_NN2 to_II the_AT direct_JJ tethering_NN1 of_IO the_AT DNA_NN1 rules_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Moreover_RR ,_, as_CSA it_PPH1 can_VM be_VBI seen_VVN from_II Fig_NN1 5e_FO ,_, f_ZZ1 ,_, g_ZZ1 ,_, h_ZZ1 ,_, a_AT1 localized_JJ excited_JJ state_NN1 with_IW d_ZZ1 character_NN1 forms_VVZ on_II the_AT Eu_NP1 atom_NN1 for_IF all_DB M2Si5N8:Eu2+_FO systems_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
In_II conclusion_NN1 ,_, we_PPIS2 have_VH0 demonstrated_VVN that_CST the_AT ultrafast_NN1 crystal_NN1 growth_NN1 in_II pure_JJ metals_NN2 is_VBZ governed_VVN by_II a_AT1 barrierless_JJ ordering_NN1 process_VV0 that_DD1 is_VBZ made_VVN possible_JJ by_II the_AT capacity_NN1 of_IO the_AT crystal_NN1 interface_NN1 to_TO impose_VVI a_AT1 crystalline_JJ inherent_JJ structure_NN1 (_( that_REX21 is_REX22 ,_, the_AT local_JJ potential_JJ energy_NN1 minimum_NN1 )_) onto_II the_AT adjacent_JJ liquid_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
In_II this_DD1 study_NN1 porous_JJ PEEK_NN1 demonstrated_VVD improved_JJ cellular_JJ osteogenic_JJ differentiation_NN1 and_CC increased_JJ implant_NN1 osseointegration_NN1 compared_VVN to_II smooth_JJ PEEK_NN1 and_CC plasma-sprayed_JJ titanium_NN1 coatings_NN2 on_II PEEK_NP1 ._. 
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Biphenyl-3,3_FO '_NULL ,_, 5,5_MC '_NULL -tetracarboxylic_JJ acid_NN1 (_( BPTC_NP1 ,_, =98.0%_FO purity_NN1 )_) was_VBDZ purchased_VVN from_II TCI_NP1 (_( Rancho_NP1 Cordova_NP1 ,_, CA_NP1 ,_, USA_NP1 )_) ._. 
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<s>
A_AT1 schematic_JJ view_NN1 of_IO the_AT steps_NN2 is_VBZ presented_VVN in_II Fig_NN1 3_MC ._. 
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<s>
Splitting_VVG patterns_NN2 that_CST could_VM not_XX be_VBI easily_RR interpreted_VVN are_VBR designated_VVN as_CSA multiplet_NN1 (_( m_ZZ1 )_) or_CC broad_JJ (_( br_NNU )_) ._. 
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<s>
For_IF each_DD1 data_NN ,_, three_MC parallel_JJ measurements_NN2 were_VBDR carried_VVN out_RP and_CC the_AT average_JJ value_NN1 was_VBDZ taken_VVN ._. 
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<s>
Substrate_NN1 step_NN1 edges_NN2 act_VV0 as_CSA doping_NN1 and_CC scattering_VVG centers_NN2 in_II epitaxial_JJ TMDs_NP1 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT IL-22_MC encoding_JJ plasmid_NN1 (_( pIA_NN1 )_) was_VBDZ constructed_VVN according_II21 to_II22 the_AT method_NN1 described_VVN before_II &lsqb;_( 11_MC &rsqb;_) ._. 
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<s>
Obviously_RR ,_, dQCPz/dQCPzRC_NN1 performs_VVZ equivalent_JJ to_II DP_NP1 in_II quantitative_JJ measurement_NN1 but_CCB consumes_VVZ markedly_RR shorter_JJR time_NNT1 ._. 
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Recycling_NN1 of_IO these_DD2 phosphonate-based_JJ materials_NN2 was_VBDZ not_XX reported_VVN ._. 
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<s>
OMMT_NP1 has_VHZ a_AT1 somewhat_RR smaller_JJR reinforcing_JJ effect_NN1 ,_, but_CCB in_II a_AT1 wider_JJR range_NN1 of_IO filler_NN1 content_NN1 ,_, because_II21 of_II22 exfoliation_NN1 and_CC better_JJR dispersion_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
All_DB data_NN were_VBDR expressed_VVN as_CSA mean_JJ ±_FO standard_JJ deviation_NN1 (_( SD_NP1 )_) ._. 
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The_AT acid_NN1 neutralisation_NN1 capacity_NN1 (_( to_II pH_NN1 7_MC )_) was_VBDZ very_RG similar_JJ at_II the_AT two_MC time-points_NN2 (_( 11.0_MC and_CC 9.5M_NNU H+_FO kg1_FO waste_NN1 ,_, respectively_RR )_) ._. 
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<s>
The_AT images_NN2 were_VBDR acquired_VVN using_VVG a_AT1 Gatan_NN1 ,_, Orius_NP1 SC600/831_FU camera_NN1 at_II different_JJ resolutions_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Whereas_CS ,_, a_AT1 high_JJ electronegativity_NN1 difference_NN1 along_II the_AT B–X_NN1 bond_NN1 in_II oxide_NN1 perovskites_NN2 often_RR makes_VVZ them_PPHO2 a_AT1 wider_JJR band_NN1 gap_NN1 insulator_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Defined_JJ ratios_NN2 of_IO the_AT MP_NN1 and_CC MPP-peptide_JJ polymers_NN2 were_VBDR blended_VVN and_CC film_NN1 cast_VVN to_TO generate_VVI surfaces_NN2 with_IW nanoscale_NN1 clusters_NN2 of_IO integrin-_NN1 and_CC syndecan-binding_JJ ligands_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
To_TO overcome_VVI these_DD2 limitations_NN2 ,_, several_DA2 cationic_JJ polymers_NN2 including_II polylysine_NN1 ,_, polyornithine_VV0 ,_, and_CC polyarginine_NN1 have_VH0 been_VBN reported_VVN to_TO accelerate_VVI the_AT conversion_NN1 of_IO fibrinogen_NN1 to_II fibrin_NN1 ,_, and_CC thus_RR stop_VV0 the_AT bleeding_JJ ._. 
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Analysis_NN1 of_IO chemical_JJ composition_NN1 for_IF the_AT powder_NN1 used_VVN for_IF fabrication_NN1 with_IW each_DD1 technology_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT content_NN1 of_IO thiol_NN1 groups_NN2 of_IO each_DD1 scaffold_NN1 is_VBZ listed_VVN in_II the_AT Supporting_JJ Information_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
This_DD1 suggests_VVZ that_CST the_AT CAFs_NN2 cultured_VVN on_II PCL_NP1 fibers_NN2 have_VH0 a_AT1 proinflammatory_JJ gene_NN1 expression_NN1 and_CC are_VBR primed_VVN to_TO promote_VVI inflammation_NN1 and_CC progression_NN1 of_IO the_AT tumor_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT spectrum_NN1 also_RR reveals_VVZ some_DD bands_NN2 at_II 1,650_MC ,_, 1,442_MC ,_, and_CC 1,271_MC cm–1_JJ ,_, which_DDQ can_VM be_VBI assigned_VVN to_II C=C_FO stretching_VVG vibration_NN1 inside_II a_AT1 phenol_NN1 ring_NN1 ,_, O-H_UH ,_, and_CC C-OH_UH ,_, respectively_RR ._. 
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<s>
We_PPIS2 find_VV0 that_CST cages_NN2 formed_VVN by_II the_AT disulfide_NN1 formation_NN1 reaction_NN1 are_VBR least_RGT likely_JJ to_TO be_VBI shape_NN1 persistent_JJ ,_, and_CC amide_VV0 cages_NN2 also_RR perform_VV0 poorly_RR in_II most_DAT criteria_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
This_DD1 means_VVZ that_CST the_AT existence_NN1 of_IO Laves_NP1 phase_NN1 mainly_RR influence_VV0 the_AT formation_NN1 of_IO γ_NULL "_" phase_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT reflection_NN1 beam_NN1 from_II the_AT prism_NN1 was_VBDZ measured_VVN as_II a_AT1 function_NN1 of_IO the_AT incidence_NN1 angle_NN1 to_TO obtain_VVI the_AT refractive_JJ index_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
For_IF ,_, the_AT reflected_JJ signal_NN1 is_VBZ strongly_RR anti-bunched_JJ as_CSA shown_VVN in_II Fig_NN1 2c_FO ,_, with_IW PV_NN1 showing_VVG that_CST the_AT reflected_JJ beam_NN1 is_VBZ dominated_VVN by_II single-photons_NN2 ._. 
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In_II the_AT bottom_JJ row_NN1 of_IO Fig_NN1 5_MC ,_, all_DB powders_NN2 show_VV0 few_DA2 pores_NN2 in_II microsections_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
This_DD1 result_NN1 was_VBDZ also_RR reported_VVN by_II Awasthi_NP1 et_RA21 al_RA22 (_( 2017a_FO )_) in_II their_APPGE study_NN1 of_IO composting_VVG SS_NP1 with_IW biochar_NN1 ._. 
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The_AT effect_NN1 of_IO various_JJ scaffolds_NN2 on_II ALP_NP1 activity_NN1 of_IO hMSCs_NNU ._. 
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Fig_NN1 1_MC1 Dynamic_JJ model_NN1 of_IO thin-wall_JJ milling_NN1 of_IO long_JJ strip-like_JJ workpiece_NN1 ._. 
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The_AT linewidth_NN1 is_VBZ 600_MC nm_FU and_CC the_AT periodicity_NN1 is_VBZ 2_MC um_UH ._. 
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<s>
The_AT SEM_NN1 images_NN2 on_II day_NNT1 3_MC showed_VVD extended_JJ morphology_NN1 with_IW more_DAR pseudopodia_NN1 on_II the_AT surfaces_NN2 of_IO AMS_NP2 and_CC NAC/MS_NN1 ;_; in_II contrast_NN1 ,_, thinner_JJR cell_NN1 morphology_NN1 was_VBDZ observed_VVN on_RP AS_CSA on_II day_NNT1 3_MC (_( Figure_NN1 4B_FO )_) ._. 
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<s>
The_AT typical_JJ tensile_JJ stress-strain_JJ curves_NN2 of_IO the_AT TPU_NN1 and_CC BNNS/TPU_FU composites_NN2 are_VBR shown_VVN in_II Fig_NN1 7_MC ._. 
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The_AT microemulsions_NN2 formed_VVD spontaneously_RR and_CC were_VBDR transparent_JJ and_CC stable_JJ ._. 
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<s>
The_AT statistical_JJ analysis_NN1 results_NN2 of_IO inhibition_NN1 zone_NN1 diameters_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Similar_JJ water_NN1 absorption_NN1 patterns_NN2 were_VBDR found_VVN for_IF both_DB2 noncrosslinked_VVD and_CC crosslinked_VVN samples_NN2 :_: more_DAR water_NN1 had_VHD been_VBN absorbed_VVN over_II time_NNT1 ._. 
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<s>
Specific_JJ capacitance_NN1 for_IF N_ZZ1 ,_, S1_FO ,_, S2-CM1000-b_NP1 electrode_NN1 was_VBDZ 380F/g_FU at_II 1A/g_FU ,_, better_RRR than_CSN others_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
One_MC1 of_IO the_AT most_RGT apparent_JJ differences_NN2 between_II building_NN1 blocks_NN2 and_CC linkers_NN2 commonly_RR found_VVN in_RP collapsed_VVD versus_II shape_NN1 persistent_JJ cages_NN2 is_VBZ the_AT presence_NN1 of_IO bridgehead_NN1 atoms_NN2 ,_, as_CSA shown_VVN in_II Figure_NN1 14B_FO ._. 
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<s>
On_II average_NN1 ,_, each_DD1 of_IO the_AT 10_MC most_RGT successful_JJ building_NN1 blocks_NN2 had_VHD at_RR21 least_RR22 one_MC1 bridgehead_NN1 atom_NN1 ,_, while_CS none_PN were_VBDR present_JJ in_II any_DD of_IO their_APPGE poorly_JJ performing_NN1 counterparts_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
When_CS considering_VVG horizontal_JJ paths_NN2 in_II Fig_NN1 16a_FO (_( i.e._REX paths_NN2 of_IO constant_JJ relative_JJ density_NN1 ,_, but_CCB varying_JJ β_NULL )_) ,_, elastically-isotropic_JJ shell-lattices_NN2 (_( =_FO 1_MC1 )_) are_VBR found_VVN ._. 
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<s>
The_AT variation_NN1 of_IO intramolecular_JJ H-bond_JJ number_NN1 and_CC (_( C_ZZ1 )_) RMSD_NP1 value_NN1 undergoing_VVG different_JJ temperatures_NN2 '_NULL simulation_NN1 to_TO expound_VVI the_AT release_NN1 mechanism_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
These_DD2 key_JJ features_NN2 are_VBR indicated_VVN by_II pink_JJ and_CC yellow_JJ circles_NN2 denoting_VVG parallel-_JJ and_CC perpendicular-oriented_JJ wells_NN2 (_( Fig_NN1 5_MC )_) ,_, respectively_RR ._. 
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Mice_NN2 were_VBDR sacrificed_VVN 18_MC h_ZZ1 post_NN1 injection_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
From_II the_AT known_JJ conformational_JJ polypropylene_NN1 forms_NN2 (_( isotactic_JJ ,_, syndiotactic_JJ and_CC atactic_JJ )_) the_AT main_JJ attention_NN1 is_VBZ paid_VVN to_II isotactic_JJ polypropylene_NN1 (_( iPP_NN1 )_) ._. 
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<s>
The_AT dynamic_JJ light_JJ scattering_NN1 (_( DLS_NP1 )_) size_NN1 and_CC zeta_NN1 potential_NN1 of_IO NPs_NP1 were_VBDR measured_VVN by_II ZetaSizer_NP1 Nano_NP1 ZS90_FO (_( Malvern_NP1 Instruments_NN2 Ltd._JJ ,_, U.K._NP1 )_) ._. 
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<s>
The_AT Burgers_NN2 vector_NN1 of_IO the_AT basal_JJ dislocation_NN1 is_VBZ parallel_RR to_II the_AT zone_NN1 axis_NN1 &lsqb;_( 1210_MC &rsqb;_) ._. 
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<s>
The_AT embedded_JJ atom_NN1 method_NN1 (_( EAM_NP1 )_) potential_NN1 &lsqb;_( 57,58_MC &rsqb;_) for_IF Mg-Al_NP1 binary_JJ system_NN1 was_VBDZ used_VVN in_II this_DD1 work_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
To_TO demonstrate_VVI the_AT bioactivity_NN1 assessment_NN1 ,_, both_DB2 peptides_NN2 and_CC specific_JJ target_NN1 receptors_NN2 were_VBDR used_VVN as_CSA probe_NN1 molecules_NN2 to_TO provide_VVI multivariate_JJ (_( yet_RR overlapping_VVG )_) information_NN1 (_( folding_VVG versus_II activity_NN1 )_) as_II21 to_II22 the_AT biologic_JJ molecules_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Photocurrent_JJ data_NN were_VBDR measured_VVN with_IW P_ZZ1 =_FO 5_MC W_ZZ1 ,_, Vds_NN2 =_FO 75_MC mV_NNU and_CC Vg_NP1 =_FO 30_MC V._II The_AT shaded_JJ area_NN1 indicates_VVZ the_AT time_NNT1 intervals_NN2 during_II which_DDQ the_AT laser_NN1 is_VBZ on_RP ._. 
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The_AT nano-SPEARs_NN2 measured_VVD bursts_NN2 of_IO electrical_JJ activity_NN1 during_II the_AT animal_NN1 contractions_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT spray-coating_JJ fabrication_NN1 process_NN1 reported_VVD here_RL is_VBZ scalable_JJ ,_, water-based_JJ and_CC requires_VVZ low_JJ energy_NN1 ,_, thus_RR making_VVG it_PPH1 environmentally_RR friendly_JJ ._. 
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<s>
The_AT heat_NN1 transfer_NN1 characteristic_NN1 curves_NN2 at_II different_JJ liquid_JJ pressures_NN2 ranging_VVG from_II 460_MC to_II 1060Torr_FO are_VBR also_RR shown_VVN as_CSA gray_JJ curves_NN2 in_II Fig_NN1 4a_FO ,_, which_DDQ are_VBR the_AT same_DA curves_NN2 shown_VVN in_II Fig_NN1 2a_FO but_CCB truncated_VVN at_II the_AT transition_NN1 points_NN2 ._. 
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Fig_NN1 4_MC Comprehensive_JJ identification_NN1 of_IO corona_NN1 proteins_NN2 associated_VVN with_IW liposomes_NN2 in_II the_AT blood_NN1 circulation_NN1 of_IO healthy_JJ and_CC lung_NN1 carcinoma-bearing_JJ SCID_JJ nude_JJ mice_NN2 :_: (_( A_ZZ1 )_) Venn_NP1 diagram_NN1 reports_VVZ the_AT number_NN1 of_IO unique_JJ and_CC common_JJ proteins_NN2 between_II proteins_NN2 identified_VVN in_II the_AT coronas_NN2 formed_VVN onto_II liposomes_NN2 intravenously_RR injected_VVN in_II healthy_JJ and_CC lung-carcinoma_JJ bearing_NN1 mice_NN2 ._. 
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The_AT deflection_NN1 of_IO VO2_FO and_CC SWCNT/VO2_NP1 cantilevers_VVZ as_II a_AT1 function_NN1 of_IO lasers_NN2 intensity_NN1 ._. 
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These_DD2 models_NN2 serve_VV0 as_RG upper_JJ and_CC lower_JJR bounds_NN2 to_II the_AT overall_JJ C_NP1 '_NULL dot_NN1 dispersity_NN1 ,_, agreeing_VVG well_RR with_IW DLS_NP1 and_CC FCS_NP2 measurements_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Seung_NP1 Jin_NP1 Lee_NP1 MD_NNA provided_CS insight_NN1 with_IW regards_VVZ to_II carrying_VVG out_RP implantation_NN1 of_IO the_AT test_NN1 samples_NN2 ,_, carried_VVD out_RP animal_NN1 implantation_NN1 ,_, and_CC analyzed_VVD extracted_JJ tissues_NN2 ._. 
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Thus_RR ,_, the_AT next_MD section_NN1 employs_VVZ the_AT frequency-domain_JJ analysis_NN1 to_TO determine_VVI the_AT angle_NN1 of_IO the_AT slow_JJ optic_NN1 axis_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT bigger_JJR pores_NN2 are_VBR observed_VVN in_II 1.75wt%_FO due_II21 to_II22 the_AT aggregated_JJ sheet-like_JJ structure_NN1 of_IO aerogel_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT transcytosis_NN1 of_IO NPs_NP1 was_VBDZ further_RRR measured_VVN on_II Caco-2_MC cell_NN1 monolayers_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Fig_NN1 11_MC (_( a_ZZ1 )_) Overview_NN1 of_IO depth_NN1 profiles_NN2 of_IO residual_JJ stress_NN1 (_( negative_JJ and_CC positive_JJ values_NN2 represent_VV0 compression_NN1 and_CC tension_NN1 respectively_RR )_) estimated_VVD from_II the_AT shift_NN1 of_IO the_AT G_NP1 band_NN1 and_CC La_NP1 from_II ID/IG_NN1 on_II the_AT as-machined_JJ surface_NN1 of_IO graphite_NN1 ;_; (_( b–c_NN1 )_) residual_JJ compression_NN1 and_CC refinement_NN1 depth_NN1 profiles_NN2 on_II (_( b_ZZ1 )_) top_JJ surface_NN1 where_CS graphite_NN1 crystallites_NN2 are_VBR refined_JJ and_CC (_( c_ZZ1 )_) underneath_II the_AT refined_JJ graphite_NN1 crystallite_NN1 layer_NN1 ._. 
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Deformation_NP1 introduced_VVD dislocations_NN2 improve_VV0 intragranular_JJ orthorhombic_JJ phase_NN1 (_( O_ZZ1 phase_NN1 )_) variant_NN1 selection_NN1 ._. 
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Bi2Te3_FO nanostructures_NN2 synthesized_VVD through_II wet_JJ chemical_JJ method_NN1 &lsqb;_( 9_MC &rsqb;_) ._. 
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<s>
However_RR ,_, our_APPGE results_NN2 show_VV0 that_DD1 exchange_NN1 up_II21 to_II22 degrees_NN2 of_IO 20%_NNU conversion_NN1 for_IF particles_NN2 of_IO this_DD1 size_NN1 can_VM initially_RR occur_VVI very_RG rapidly_RR because_II21 of_II22 replacement_NN1 of_IO the_AT first_MD few_DA2 monolayers_NN2 (_( 0.25_MC nm_FU )_) of_IO undercoordinated_JJ atoms_NN2 at_II the_AT surface_NN1 ,_, which_DDQ constitute_VV0 a_AT1 significant_JJ fraction_NN1 of_IO the_AT atoms_NN2 in_II the_AT NC_NP1 ._. 
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<s>
In_II both_DB2 sampleswith_NN1 and_CC without_IW a_AT1 Cr2O3_FO layerthe_NN1 sign_NN1 of_IO V_ZZ1 reverses_VVZ with_IW the_AT sign_NN1 of_IO H_ZZ1 ,_, and_CC the_AT shape_NN1 of_IO the_AT V–H_NN1 curves_NN2 agree_VV0 with_IW the_AT M–H_NP1 (_( hysteresis_NN1 )_) curve_NN1 of_IO the_AT YIG_NN1 film_NN1 18,19,20_MC ._. 
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<s>
Porous_JJ polymers_NN2 with_IW tunable_JJ nanoarchitecture_NN1 and_CC functionality_NN1 can_VM be_VBI designed_VVN by_II using_VVG a_AT1 wide_JJ range_NN1 of_IO reactive_JJ monomers_NN2 ._. 
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For_IF every_AT1 sequence_NN1 (_( i.e._REX ,_, Seq_NP1 ._. 
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1_MC1 to_II Seq_NP1 ._. 
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4_MC )_) two_MC sets_NN2 of_IO hysteresis_NN1 cycle_NN1 have_VH0 been_VBN plotted_VVN in_II Fig_NN1 11a–d_NN1 and_CC hysteresis_NN1 loop_NN1 area_NN1 for_IF each_DD1 cycle_NN1 and_CC their_APPGE difference_NN1 is_VBZ measured_VVN and_CC presented_VVN in_II Table_NN1 6_MC ._. 
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<s>
On_II the_AT other_JJ hand_NN1 ,_, to_TO provide_VVI an_AT1 explanation_NN1 of_IO the_AT effect_NN1 on_II curing_VVG of_IO TBBS_NP1 and_CC DPG_NP1 accelerants_NN2 was_VBDZ beyond_II the_AT aim_NN1 of_IO the_AT present_JJ work_NN1 ,_, which_DDQ has_VHZ been_VBN specifically_RR conceived_VVN for_IF practitioners_NN2 interested_JJ in_II the_AT production_NN1 process_NN1 of_IO tires_VVZ ._. 
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The_AT last_MD two_MC terms_NN2 are_VBR related_VVN with_IW the_AT structural_JJ information_NN1 of_IO smaller_JJR substructure_NN1 (_( primary_JJ MNPs_NP1 )_) ._. 
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As_CSA previously_RR discussed_VVN ,_, there_EX was_VBDZ decreased_VVN expression_NN1 at_II 48-hr_NNU of_IO MFSD2A_FO without_IW DFX_NP1 administration_NN1 ,_, which_DDQ could_VM be_VBI the_AT result_NN1 of_IO either_RR endothelial_JJ or_CC pericyte_NN1 reactivity_NN1 and_CC increase_NN1 transcytosis_NN1 ,_, whereas_CS comparatively_RR ,_, an_AT1 increase_NN1 in_II MFSD2A_FO expression_NN1 could_VM also_RR be_VBI the_AT result_NN1 of_IO either_RR endothelial_JJ or_CC pericyte_NN1 dependence_NN1 and_CC decrease_VV0 transcytosis_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
This_DD1 method_NN1 has_VHZ an_AT1 excellent_JJ reproducibility_NN1 ,_, spatial_JJ resolution_NN1 and_CC is_VBZ capable_JJ of_IO determining_VVG the_AT degree_NN1 of_IO crystallinity_NN1 in_II less_DAR than_CSN 5_MC min_NNU ._. 
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The_AT roughness_NN1 of_IO the_AT films_NN2 is_VBZ critical_JJ for_IF ARXPS_NN2 and_CC water_NN1 contact-angle_NN1 measurement_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT average_JJ bone_NN1 mineral_NN1 contents_NN2 and_CC bone_NN1 volume_NN1 fraction_NN1 in_II both_DB2 the_AT cortical_JJ and_CC bone_NN1 marrow_NN1 space_NN1 and_CC the_AT average_JJ tissue_NN1 mineral_NN1 density_NN1 in_II the_AT bone_NN1 marrow_NN1 space_NN1 were_VBDR higher_JJR in_II the_AT defect_NN1 implanted_VVD with_IW BMSCs_NP1 preincubated_VVD with_IW NAC_JJ than_CSN in_II those_DD2 without_IW preincubation_NN1 with_IW NAC_NP1 (_( Fig_NN1 8E_FO )_) (_( Mann–Whitney_NP1 U_JJ test_NN1 ,_, P_ZZ1 =_FO 0.05_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
HP-_JJ β_NULL -CD_NN1 ,_, FeCl2·4H2O_FO ,_, H2SO4_FO (_( 98%_NNU )_) ,_, HNO3_FO (_( 95%_NNU )_) ,_, NH3·H2O_FO (_( 25%_NNU )_) ,_, and_CC activated_JJ carbon_NN1 (_( AC_NN1 )_) were_VBDR purchased_VVN from_II Sinopharm_NP1 Chemical_NN1 Reagent_NN1 Company_NN1 and_CC used_JJ as_CSA received_VVN ._. 
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<s>
Fig_NN1 11_MC X-ray_NN1 diffraction_NN1 patterns_NN2 of_IO E21WE43B_FO thixo-cast_VV0 a_ZZ1 )_) before_CS and_CC ,_, b_ZZ1 )_) after_CS T6_FO heat_NN1 treatment_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Fig_NN1 3_MC Morphology_NP1 ,_, microstructure_NN1 and_CC FT-IR_NN1 of_IO MXene/PANI_NN1 composites_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
However_RR ,_, the_AT detailed_JJ chemical_JJ bonding_NN1 information_NN1 of_IO this_DD1 novel_JJ structure_NN1 is_VBZ still_RR inadequate_JJ although_CS the_AT XPS_NP1 survey_NN1 and_CC EELS_NN2 provided_CS some_DD preliminary_JJ results_NN2 of_IO element_NN1 distribution_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
These_DD2 membranes_NN2 were_VBDR deposited_VVN onto_II polysulfone_NN1 support_NN1 membranes_NN2 modified_VVN with_IW polyvinyl_NN1 alcohol_NN1 (_( PVA_NN1 )_) ,_, followed_VVN by_II thermal_JJ treatment_NN1 and_CC Ca2+_FO crosslinking_VVG 15,16_MC ._. 
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<s>
Fig_NN1 3_MC Time-dependent_JJ adhesion_NN1 bond_NN1 model_NN1 (_( solid_JJ curve_NN1 )_) for_IF median_JJ values_NN2 of_IO detachment_NN1 forces_NN2 for_IF different_JJ contact_NN1 times_NNT2 (_( points_VVZ )_) ._. 
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Variation_NN1 of_IO Tstr_NP1 with_II31 respect_II32 to_II33 x_ZZ1 for_IF Co-_NN1 and_CC Mn-substituted_JJ samples_NN2 is_VBZ shown_VVN in_II Fig_NN1 3(d)_FO ._. 
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For_IF this_DD1 purpose_NN1 ,_, a_AT1 Netzsch_NN1 DSC404F1_FO was_VBDZ used_VVN ._. 
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<s>
However_RR ,_, in_II the_AT pure_JJ Al_NP1 (_( Fig_NN1 7(a)_FO )_) and_CC Si-free_JJ A10C_FO alloy_NN1 (_( Fig_NN1 7(b)_FO )_) ,_, exothermic_JJ peaks_NN2 corresponding_VVG to_II precipitation_NN1 between_II 200_MC °C_NNU and_CC 400_MC °C_NNU were_VBDR not_XX found_VVN ._. 
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<s>
Fig_NN1 5_MC Elemental_JJ mapping_NN1 images_NN2 of_IO HBPA-GO_VV0 :_: (_( a_ZZ1 )_) a_AT1 typical_JJ SEM_NN1 image_NN1 and_CC (_( b_ZZ1 )_) the_AT corresponding_JJ elemental_JJ mapping_NN1 image_NN1 of_IO nitrogen_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Furthermore_RR ,_, these_DD2 biomaterials_NN2 are_VBR accessible_JJ through_II simple_JJ ,_, well_RR established_VVN ,_, and_CC scalable_JJ chemistry_NN1 techniques_NN2 making_VVG them_PPHO2 particularly_RR relevant_JJ prototypes_NN2 towards_II the_AT design_NN1 and_CC development_NN1 of_IO next-generation_JJ biomaterials_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
He_PPHS1 received_VVD his_APPGE Ph.D_NP1 ._. 
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<s>
in_II Chemical_NN1 Engineering_NN1 from_II the_AT University_NN1 of_IO Colorado_NP1 Boulder_NP1 with_IW Charles_NP1 Musgrave_NP1 and_CC Steven_NP1 George_NP1 ._. 
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<s>
Searching_VVG for_IF cost-effective_JJ yet_RR high-efficiency_JJ electrocatalysts_NN2 in_II multifold_JJ energy_NN1 applications_NN2 is_VBZ one_MC1 of_IO the_AT most_RGT central_JJ and_CC prevailing_JJ subjects_NN2 because_II21 of_II22 the_AT increasingly_RR grimmer_JJR energy_NN1 crisis_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
This_DD1 gives_VVZ a_AT1 clear_JJ indication_NN1 of_IO the_AT influence_NN1 of_IO grain_NN1 size_NN1 on_II the_AT SOT_NN1 in_II sputtered_JJ BixSe(1–x)_NN1 films_NN2 ._. 
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In_II the_AT middle_NN1 of_IO the_AT component_NN1 and_CC at_II the_AT end_NN1 of_IO the_AT flow_NN1 path_NN1 ,_, however_RR ,_, the_AT density_NN1 was_VBDZ comparatively_RR low_JJ ,_, since_CS here_RL the_AT melt_NN1 solidifies_VVZ almost_RR without_IW pressure_NN1 being_VBG present_JJ ._. 
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<s>
The_AT working_JJ electrode_NN1 was_VBDZ prepared_VVN by_II dipping_VVG ca._NNU 0.5_MC mL_NNU of_IO the_AT samples_NN2 suspension_NN1 (_( 5mgmL1_FO )_) on_II a_AT1 clean_JJ FTO_NN1 glass_NN1 and_CC dried_VVN under_II the_AT ambient_JJ condition_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT experimental_JJ results_NN2 showed_VVD that_CST GO_VV0 and_CC CNT_NP1 were_VBDR uniformly_RR dispersed_VVN and_CC well_RR incorporated_VVN into_II WEP_NP1 matrix_NN1 ,_, significantly_RR enhanced_VVD the_AT mechanical_JJ properties_NN2 ,_, thermal_JJ conductivity_NN1 and_CC thermal_JJ response_NN1 speed_NN1 of_IO the_AT GO/CNT/WEP_VV0 composites_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT resolution_NN1 that_CST was_VBDZ achieved_VVN ,_, however_RR ,_, enabled_VVD discrimination_NN1 among_II surface_NN1 expression_NN1 levels_NN2 only_RR when_CS very_RG large_JJ differences_NN2 were_VBDR at_II play_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
This_DD1 is_VBZ similar_JJ to_II metal_NN1 complex_JJ catalysts_NN2 and_CC hydrogenases._NNU (_( 6_MC )_) Thus_RR ,_, for_IF RuS2_FO ,_, the_AT Ru_NN1 and_CC basic_JJ S_ZZ1 atoms_NN2 play_VV0 the_AT roles_NN2 of_IO the_AT hydride-acceptor_NN1 and_CC proton-acceptor_JJ centers_NN2 ,_, respectively_RR ,_, benefiting_JJ hydrogen_NN1 production_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT detailed_JJ results_NN2 of_IO the_AT ASC_NN1 with_IW 1_MC1 M_ZZ1 Na2SO4_FO neutral_JJ electrolyte_NN1 are_VBR described_VVN in_II the_AT Supporting_JJ Information_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
As_CSA severe_JJ damage_NN1 is_VBZ induced_VVN ,_, the_AT counter_NN1 maintains_VVZ operation_NN1 ,_, which_DDQ requires_VVZ all_DB four_MC traces_NN2 to_TO constantly_RR maintain_VVI electrical_JJ conductivity_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Because_II21 of_II22 the_AT remaining_JJ Li_NP1 in_II the_AT alloy_NN1 ,_, the_AT Li–Mg_NN1 skeleton_NN1 provides_VVZ continuous_JJ pathways_NN2 for_IF both_DB2 Li_NP1 ions_NN2 and_CC electrons_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT hardness_NN1 of_IO the_AT obtained_VVN material_NN1 was_VBDZ 258_MC ±_FO 2.4_MC HB_NP1 which_DDQ was_VBDZ also_RR considerably_RR higher_JJR than_CSN the_AT 2024_MC Al_NP1 (_( 125HB_FO )_) hardness_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
By_II using_VVG combined_JJ first_MD principles–based_JJ calculations_NN2 and_CC kinetic_JJ Monte_NP1 Carlo–based_NP1 atomistic_JJ calculations_NN2 ,_, Kushima_NP1 et_RA21 al_RA22 further_RRR revealed_VVD two_MC competing_JJ processes_NN2 in_II YSZ_NN1 for_IF altering_VVG oxygen_NN1 migration_NN1 barrier_NN1 in_II different_JJ strain_NN1 status.281_FO It_PPH1 was_VBDZ found_VVN that_CST the_AT low_JJ tensile_JJ strain_NN1 increases_VVZ the_AT migration_NN1 space_NN1 and_CC thus_RR decreases_VVZ the_AT migration_NN1 barrier_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
We_PPIS2 used_VVD Pt/Ir_NN1 conductive_JJ atomic_JJ force_NN1 microscopy_NN1 (_( c-AFM_NN1 )_) tip_VV0 as_II a_AT1 top_JJ electrical_JJ contact_NN1 to_II the_AT NW_ND1 ._. 
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<s>
Prior_II21 to_II22 antitumor_NN1 efficacy_NN1 ,_, the_AT safety_NN1 profile_NN1 of_IO imHDL/Apt-CpG-Dox_NN1 nanodrug_NN1 was_VBDZ systemically_RR investigated_VVN by_II31 means_II32 of_II33 hemolysis_NN1 ,_, biochemical_JJ parameters_NN2 ,_, and_CC pathological_JJ sections_NN2 analysis_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Data_NN were_VBDR graphed_VVN using_VVG GraphPad_NP1 Prism_NN1 ,_, and_CC t-tests_NN2 with_IW Welch_NP1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 correction_NN1 were_VBDR used_VVN to_TO determine_VVI the_AT significance_NN1 between_II groups_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT phase_NN1 change_NN1 composite_NN1 was_VBDZ prepared_VVN by_II impregnation_NN1 of_IO PCM_NP1 into_II the_AT hierarchical_JJ porous_JJ matrix_NN1 through_II the_AT vacuum_NN1 infiltration_NN1 later_RRR ._. 
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<s>
Thermogravimetric_JJ analysis_NN1 was_VBDZ performed_VVN in_II an_AT1 SDT_NP1 Q600_FO setup_NN1 with_IW a_AT1 heating_NN1 rate_NN1 of_IO 10_MC °C_NNU min–1_NN1 under_II a_AT1 nitrogen_NN1 atmosphere_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT plots_NN2 of_IO Is0/Is-are_NP1 illustrated_VVD in_II Fig_NN1 5a-(i)_ZZ1 ._. 
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<s>
Images_NN2 are_VBR recorded_VVN using_VVG an_AT1 optical_JJ camera_NN1 with_IW a_AT1 lateral_JJ resolution_NN1 of_IO 1_MC1 m_NNO ._. 
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<s>
The_AT results_NN2 are_VBR demonstrated_VVN in_II Fig_NN1 3_MC and_CC the_AT ESI_NP1 (_( Table_NN1 S2_FO and_CC Fig_NN1 S9_FO ,_, S10_FO )_) ._. 
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<s>
In_RR21 brief_RR22 ,_, a_AT1 total_NN1 of_IO 5.00_MC g_NNU of_IO dry_JJ washed_JJ tire_VV0 sample_NN1 and_CC 50_MC mL_NNU of_IO water_NN1 solution_NN1 containing_VVG 0.01M_NNU NaNO3_FO were_VBDR added_VVN to_II each_DD1 of_IO the_AT series_NN of_IO 125_MC mL_NNU HDPE_NN1 bottles_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Nickel_NN1 impregnation_NN1 always_RR resulted_VVN in_II a_AT1 separate_JJ NiO_NN1 phase_NN1 and_CC no_AT evidence_NN1 of_IO Ni_NP1 incorporation_NN1 was_VBDZ found_VVN ._. 
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<s>
At_II the_AT set_NN1 experimental_JJ conditions_NN2 of_IO temperature_NN1 70_MC °C_NNU ,_, treatment_NN1 time_NNT1 60_MC min_NNU ,_, stirring_JJ rate_NN1 200rpm_NNU ,_, frother_NN1 concentration_NN1 26.40_MC mg/L_NNU ,_, flotation_NN1 time_NNT1 4_MC min_NNU and_CC airflow_VV0 rate_NN1 7.2_MC mL/min_NNU ,_, the_AT recovery_NN1 in_II floated_JJ products_NN2 of_IO ABS_JJ plastics_NN2 are_VBR affected_VVN remarkably_RR by_II the_AT NaClO_NP1 concentration_NN1 ;_; these_DD2 conditions_NN2 were_VBDR elected_VVN based_VVN on_II our_APPGE previous_JJ study_NN1 (_( Wang_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2017a_FO )_) and_CC preliminary_JJ experiments_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Fig_NN1 1_MC1 Schematic_JJ diagram_NN1 for_IF the_AT two-step_JJ synthesis_NN1 of_IO mixed_JJ FAxMA1-xPbI3_JJ perovskite_NN1 films_NN2 using_VVG the_AT dynamic_JJ spin-coating_JJ technique_NN1 and_CC the_AT cation-exchange_JJ process_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
More_RGR importantly_RR ,_, the_AT instruments_NN2 and_CC equipment_NN1 (_( e.g._REX ,_, laser_NN1 ,_, magnetic_JJ controller_NN1 ,_, etc._RA )_) for_IF these_DD2 two_MC approaches_NN2 should_VM also_RR be_VBI improved_VVN for_IF more_RGR convenient_JJ and_CC effective_JJ application_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Instead_II21 of_II22 GFP_NP1 ,_, this_DD1 version_NN1 co-expresses_VVZ the_AT 194-1BBz_JJ CAR_NN1 with_IW click_NN1 beetle_NN1 red_JJ luciferase_NN1 (_( CBR_NP1 )_) 30_MC ,_, to_TO visualize_VVI nanoparticle-programmed_NN1 CAR+_FO T_ZZ1 cells_NN2 in_RR21 situ_RR22 using_VVG bioluminescence_NN1 imaging_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
However_RR ,_, the_AT experimental_JJ result_NN1 shows_VVZ that_CST the_AT SHG_NP1 responses_NN2 of_IO Ag6HgSiSe6_FO and_CC Ag6HgGeSe6_FO are_VBR only_RR 2_MC and_CC 0.5_MC times_NNT2 that_DD1 of_IO AgGaS2_FO at_II a_AT1 particle_NN1 size_NN1 of_IO 150–200_MCMC m_NNU ._. 
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<s>
Due_II21 to_II22 the_AT significantly_RR enhanced_JJ electrical_JJ conductivity_NN1 ,_, the_AT electronic_JJ part_NN1 of_IO the_AT thermal_JJ conductivity_NN1 of_IO melt-spun_JJ samples_NN2 represents_VVZ a_AT1 greater_JJR fraction_NN1 of_IO the_AT overall_JJ thermal_JJ conductivity_NN1 than_CSN was_VBDZ the_AT case_NN1 of_IO samples_NN2 prepared_VVN by_II the_AT traditional_JJ synthesis_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
At_II the_AT tank_NN1 midpoint_NN1 ,_, two_MC imaginary_JJ perpendicular_JJ lines_NN2 crossed_VVD to_TO divide_VVI the_AT tank_NN1 into_II four_MC quadrants_NN2 ,_, i.e._REX ,_, Northwest_ND1 ,_, Southwest_ND1 ,_, Northeast_ND1 ,_, and_CC Southeast_ND1 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT mechanical_JJ performance_NN1 of_IO the_AT neat_JJ epoxy_JJ resin_NN1 ,_, nGF_NNU ,_, and_CC the_AT nGFNH2modified_FO epoxy_JJ resin_NN1 was_VBDZ evaluated_VVN using_VVG both_DB2 the_AT flexural_JJ test_NN1 and_CC tensile_JJ test_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT parallelepiped_JJ foams_NN2 were_VBDR placed_VVN between_II two_MC blocks_NN2 ,_, with_IW Gf_NP1 oriented_VVD in_II a_AT1 parallel_JJ direction_NN1 to_II the_AT heat_NN1 flux_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT powders_NN2 are_VBR very_RG spherical_JJ ,_, and_CC the_AT powder_NN1 size_NN1 distribution_NN1 is_VBZ a_AT1 normal_JJ Gaussian_JJ distribution_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
In_BCL21 order_BCL22 to_TO demonstrate_VVI whether_CSW tensile_JJ or_CC compressive_JJ ratcheting_NN1 would_VM be_VBI induced_VVN when_CS all_DB materials_NN2 properties_NN2 become_VV0 concentration_NN1 dependent_NN1 at_II the_AT same_DA time_NNT1 ,_, we_PPIS2 have_VH0 performed_VVN finite_JJ element_NN1 simulations_NN2 of_IO a_AT1 circular_JJ a-Si_FW island_NN1 electrode_NN1 with_IW thickness_NN1 of_IO 100_MC nm_FU and_CC radius_NN1 of_IO 7.5_MC m_NNO adhering_JJ and_CC sliding_VVG on_II a_AT1 substrate_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Therefore_RR ,_, the_AT value_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 color_NN1 rendering_NN1 index_NN1 (_( CRI_NP1 )_) can_VM be_VBI obtained_VVN by_II comparing_VVG the_AT color_NN1 rendering_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 black_JJ body_NN1 radiator_NN1 to_II that_DD1 of_IO a_AT1 test_NN1 source_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Beside_II the_AT subcellular_JJ compartments_NN2 mentioned_VVN above_RL ,_, other_JJ intracellular_JJ organelles_NN2 for_IF specific_JJ chemotherapy_NN1 have_VH0 not_XX been_VBN explored_VVN thoroughly_RR ._. 
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<s>
The_AT remaining_JJ assemblies_NN2 were_VBDR harder_JJR to_TO analyse_VVI because_II21 of_II22 the_AT heterogeneity_NN1 of_IO the_AT oligomers_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT fabrication_NN1 of_IO the_AT PVB-based_JJ composites_NN2 combined_VVD the_AT preparation_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 suspension_NN1 and_CC a_AT1 solution_NN1 casting_NN1 technology_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT formation_NN1 of_IO the_AT tissue_NN1 takes_VVZ place_NN1 on_II a_AT1 certain_JJ scaffold_NN1 ,_, and_CC accordingly_RR ,_, the_AT field_NN1 of_IO biomaterials_NN2 for_IF cell_NN1 scaffolding_NN1 is_VBZ highly_RR active_JJ ,_, where_CS the_AT most_RGT used_JJ types_NN2 of_IO materials_NN2 for_IF tissue_NN1 engineering_NN1 are_VBR hydrogels_NN2 and_CC electrospun_VV0 mats_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
They_PPHS2 are_VBR shown_VVN in_II Fig_NN1 4_MC ._. 
</s>
<s>
In_RR21 addition_RR22 ,_, the_AT calculated_JJ stoichiometry_NN1 is_VBZ 2_MC (_( (_( S_ZZ1 +_FO Se_ND1 )_) /W_FU )_) ._. 
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<s>
To_TO excite_VVI fluorescent_JJ dyes_NN2 ,_, laser_NN1 diodes_NN2 with_IW 488_MC nm_FU (_( 10_MC mW_NNU )_) ,_, 561_MC nm_FU (_( 20_MC mW_NNU )_) ,_, and_CC 635_MC nm_FU (_( 18_MC mW_NNU )_) wavelength_NN1 were_VBDR used_VVN ._. 
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<s>
For_IF &lsqb;_( Fe(CN)6_FO &rsqb;_) 3+/4+_FO measurements_NN2 the_AT solutions_NN2 of_IO 20_MC mM_NNU K3Fe(CN)6_FO (_( Sigma-Aldrich_NP1 ,_, 99%_NNU )_) and_CC 20_MC mM_NNU K4Fe(CN)6·3H2O_FO (_( Sigma-Aldrich_NP1 ,_, 99.99%_FO )_) were_VBDR prepared_VVN in_II the_AT Ar-saturated_NN1 0.1_MC M_NNO KOH_NN1 electrolyte_NN1 and_CC cyclic_JJ voltammetry_NN1 was_VBDZ performed_VVN without_IW rotating_VVG the_AT electrode_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Analysis_NN1 of_IO variance_NN1 (_( ANOVA_NP1 )_) was_VBDZ used_VVN to_TO evaluate_VVI statistical_JJ significance_NN1 ,_, and_CC the_AT Bonferroni_JJ post-test_NN1 was_VBDZ used_VVN for_IF comparisons_NN2 between_II groups_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
However_RR ,_, because_CS eutectic_JJ AlNi_JJ alloys_NN2 have_VH0 microstructures_NN2 typical_JJ of_IO fiber-reinforced_JJ metal_NN1 matrix_NN1 composites_NN2 ,_, load_VV0 transfer_NN1 from_II matrix_NN1 to_II fibers_NN2 is_VBZ another_DD1 possible_JJ strengthening_NN1 mechanism_NN1 &lsqb;_( 31,32_MC &rsqb;_) ._. 
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<s>
A_AT1 similar_JJ type_NN1 of_IO behavior_NN1 in_II the_AT weld_NN1 bead_NN1 width_NN1 was_VBDZ also_RR reported_VVN by_II Narang_NP1 et_RA21 al_RA22 (_( 2011_MC )_) during_II TIG_NP1 welding_NN1 of_IO 8_MC mm_NNU thick_JJ structural_JJ steel_NN1 plate_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Second_MD ,_, LSPR_NP1 sensitivity_NN1 to_II changes_NN2 in_II the_AT surrounding_JJ dielectric_JJ medium_NN1 was_VBDZ measured_VVN as_II a_AT1 function_NN1 of_IO NC_NP1 size_NN1 and_CC dopant_JJ concentration_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
In_II this_DD1 field_NN1 of_IO bio-fabrication_NN1 ,_, particularly_RR in_II bioprinting_VVG ,_, the_AT lack_NN1 of_IO suitable_JJ hydrogels_NN2 remains_VVZ a_AT1 major_JJ challenge_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT powder_NN1 X-ray_NN1 diffraction_NN1 (_( XRD_NP1 )_) pattern_NN1 of_IO the_AT NCM_NP1 revealed_VVD a_AT1 well-defined_JJ layered_JJ structure_NN1 with_IW a_AT1 space_NN1 group_NN1 of_IO R&lsqb;3_FO with_IW combining_VVG macron_NN1 &rsqb;_) m_ZZ1 (_( Fig_NN1 S1a_FO ,_, ESI_NP1 )_) ._. 
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<s>
Reproduced_VVN with_IW permission.78_FO Copyright_NN1 2013_MC ,_, American_JJ Chemical_NN1 Society_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT performance_NN1 of_IO the_AT LSCs_NP1 can_VM be_VBI quantified_VVN using_VVG external_JJ quantum_NN1 efficiency_NN1 (_( EQE_NP1 )_) ,_, which_DDQ can_VM be_VBI defined_VVN as_CSA ,_, where_CS NEdge_NP1 and_CC NIncident_NP1 denote_VV0 the_AT number_NN1 of_IO photons_NN2 collected_VVN at_II the_AT edges_NN2 of_IO the_AT LSCs_NP1 and_CC the_AT numbers_NN2 of_IO photons_NN2 irradiated_VVN ._. 
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<s>
Table_NN1 5_MC displays_VVZ the_AT LOI_JJ values_NN2 and_CC UL94_FO testing_NN1 results_NN2 of_IO PP/LGF/RP_NN1 composites_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Most_DAT attempts_NN2 to_TO find_VVI optimum_JJ conditions_NN2 use_VV0 a_AT1 stepwise_JJ approach_NN1 ,_, which_DDQ examine_VV0 one_MC1 process_NN1 condition_NN1 at_II a_AT1 time_NNT1 ._. 
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<s>
These_DD2 waves_NN2 have_VH0 a_AT1 smaller_JJR angle_NN1 to_II the_AT horizontal_JJ ,_, derived_VVD to_TO move_VVI at_II velocities_NN2 up_RG21 to_RG22 2.3_MC m/s_ZZ1 (_( 138_MC m/min_NNU )_) ._. 
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<s>
The_AT inset_NN1 of_IO (_( E_ZZ1 )_) ,_, (_( G_ZZ1 )_) and_CC (_( H_ZZ1 )_) corresponds_VVZ the_AT cell_NN1 size_NN1 distribution_NN1 of_IO pure_JJ NR_II foam_NN1 and_CC MR_NNB foam_NN1 with_IW various_JJ porosity_NN1 of_IO 33.0%_FO and_CC 48%_NNU ._. 
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<s>
The_AT assumption_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 constant_JJ heat_NN1 transfer_NN1 coefficient_NN1 along_II the_AT tool-workpiece_JJ interface_NN1 is_VBZ considered_VVN acceptable_JJ since_CS the_AT heat_NN1 transfer_NN1 coefficient_NN1 is_VBZ insensitive_JJ to_II the_AT pressure_NN1 in_II forging_VVG above_II a_AT1 threshold_NN1 pressure_NN1 as_CSA shown_VVN by_II Burte_NP1 et_RA21 al_RA22 (_( 1990_MC )_) for_IF a_AT1 deformation_NN1 process_NN1 with_IW a_AT1 pressure_NN1 range_NN1 similar_JJ to_II that_DD1 of_IO the_AT present_JJ ironing_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
There_EX is_VBZ a_AT1 need_NN1 to_TO perform_VVI a_AT1 solution_NN1 treating_VVG and_CC ageing_JJ post-processing_NN1 to_TO promote_VVI a_AT1 more_RGR uniformly_RR distributed_VVN and_CC more_RGR cuboidal_JJ shaped_JJ γ_NULL '_NULL precipitates_NN2 ,_, as_CSA such_DA γ_NULL '_NULL morphology_NN1 can_VM not_XX be_VBI obtained_VVN in_II as-EBM_JJ condition_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
This_DD1 behaviour_NN1 is_VBZ due_II21 to_II22 the_AT enhancement_NN1 in_II the_AT molecular_JJ mobility_NN1 of_IO epoxy_JJ chains_NN2 above_II glass_NN1 transition_NN1 temperature_NN1 (_( Tg_NP1 )_) ._. 
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<s>
While_CS combined_VVN with_IW the_AT phenomenon_NN1 of_IO L-Arg_NP1 ,_, PCN_NP1 and_CC PCN@Mem_FO ,_, little_JJ fluorescence_NN1 signal_NN1 showed_VVD in_II Fig_NN1 4_MC B3_FO ,_, B4_FO and_CC B5_FO pointed_VVD out_RP that_CST NO_AT could_VM not_XX produce_VVI if_CSW lack_NN1 of_IO any_DD element_NN1 including_II NO_AT donors_NN2 and_CC oxidizing_VVG agent_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT cells_NN2 were_VBDR cultured_VVN for_IF 7_MC days_NNT2 ,_, and_CC the_AT culture_NN1 medium_NN1 was_VBDZ changed_VVN every_AT1 two_MC days_NNT2 ._. 
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<s>
Monodisperse_VV0 Sn:In2O3_FO NCs_NP2 with_IW various_JJ doping_NN1 levels_NN2 and_CC sizes_NN2 were_VBDR synthesized_VVN and_CC assembled_VVN in_II uniform_JJ films_NN2 ._. 
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All_DB these_DD2 three_MC blends_VVZ system_NN1 (_( Seq_FW ._. 
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1_MC1 ,_, Seq_NP1 ._. 
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2_MC and_CC Seq_NP1 ._. 
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4_MC )_) having_VHG more_DAR nonuniformity_NN1 of_IO dispersed_JJ phase_NN1 compare_VV0 to_II Seq_NP1 ._. 
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<s>
3_MC may_VM be_VBI due_II21 to_II22 the_AT preaddition_NN1 of_IO carbon_NN1 black_NN1 in_II one_MC1 rubber_JJ phase_NN1 creating_VVG more_DAR difference_NN1 in_II viscosity_NN1 ,_, surface_NN1 tension_NN1 value_NN1 between_II NBR_NP1 and_CC EPDM_NP1 leading_VVG to_II the_AT formation_NN1 of_IO larger_JJR domain_NN1 size_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Basic_JJ information_NN1 of_IO the_AT matrix_NN1 Mg_FO and_CC additional_JJ solute_NN1 elements_NN2 X_ZZ1 in_II binary_JJ magnesium_NN1 alloys_NN2 ,_, including_II the_AT crystallographic_JJ data_NN ,_, the_AT size_NN1 of_IO atomic_JJ radius_NN1 (_( r_ZZ1 )_) ,_, the_AT mass_JJ density_NN1 (_( )_) ,_, the_AT enthalpy_NN1 of_IO mixing_NN1 (_( δ_NULL H_ZZ1 )_) between_II solvent_NN1 and_CC solute_NN1 elements_NN2 ,_, and_CC the_AT solid_JJ solubility_NN1 of_IO the_AT additional_JJ element_NN1 X_ZZ1 in_II the_AT Mg_FO matrix_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Composition_NN1 analysis_NN1 of_IO the_AT PbI2_FO films_NN2 proved_VVD to_TO be_VBI challenging_VVG ._. 
</s>
<s>
At_II the_AT end_NN1 of_IO this_DD1 stage_NN1 ,_, the_AT TVA_NN1 concentrations_NN2 in_II the_AT leachate_NN1 from_II landfill_NN1 increased_VVD ,_, thus_RR making_VVG it_PPH1 less_RGR recalcitrant_JJ to_II anaerobic_JJ treatment_NN1 ._. 
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On_II CoX2·nH2O_FO (_( X_ZZ1 =_FO Cl_FO ,_, n_ZZ1 =_FO 6_MC ;_; X_ZZ1 =_FO Br_JJ ,_, I_PPIS1 ,_, n_ZZ1 =_FO 0_MC )_) (_( 40_MC mmol_NN1 )_) and_CC triphenylphosphine_NN1 (_( 122_MC mmol_NN1 )_) was_VBDZ added_VVN 600_MC mL_NNU of_IO degassed_JJ ethanol_NN1 ._. 
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To_TO investigate_VVI the_AT in_JJ21 vivo_JJ22 effects_NN2 of_IO NAC/MS_NN1 on_II bone_NN1 regeneration_NN1 ,_, the_AT scaffolds_NN2 were_VBDR implanted_VVN into_II cranial_JJ bone_NN1 defects_NN2 in_II dogs_NN2 ._. 
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It_PPH1 is_VBZ of_IO great_JJ need_NN1 to_TO find_VVI a_AT1 more_RGR convenient_JJ and_CC economical_JJ method_NN1 to_TO make_VVI the_AT seeding_JJ process_NN1 simple_JJ and_CC energy_NN1 reserving_VVG ._. 
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On_II the_AT layer_NN1 ,_, carbon_NN1 ,_, oxygen_NN1 ,_, molybdenum_NN1 and_CC aluminum_NN1 are_VBR detected_VVN ,_, thus_RR confirming_VVG the_AT results_NN2 obtained_VVN by_II XPS_NP1 ._. 
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However_RR ,_, dissolution_NN1 should_VM play_VVI a_AT1 less_RGR dominant_JJ role_NN1 than_CSN melting_VVG due_II21 to_II22 the_AT high_JJ cooling_JJ rate_NN1 in_II the_AT molten_JJ pool_NN1 ._. 
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This_DD1 prediction_NN1 was_VBDZ later_RRR observed_VVN by_II two_MC groups_NN2 &lsqb;_( 27_MC &rsqb;_) ,_, &lsqb;_( 28_MC &rsqb;_) ,_, which_DDQ is_VBZ now_RT the_AT piezophotonic_JJ effect_NN1 ._. 
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The_AT tensile_JJ specimens_NN2 were_VBDR cut_VVN from_II 1.6_MC mm_NNU thick_JJ sheets_NN2 with_IW the_AT rolling_JJ direction_NN1 along_II the_AT tensile_JJ axis_NN1 ._. 
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Uncontrollable_JJ growth_NN1 of_IO Li_NP1 dendrites_NN2 and_CC low_JJ utilization_NN1 of_IO active_JJ Li_NP1 severely_RR hinder_VV0 its_APPGE practical_JJ application_NN1 ._. 
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The_AT supernatant_NN1 was_VBDZ then_RT separated_VVN ,_, and_CC successive_JJ extractions_NN2 were_VBDR carried_VVN out_RP until_CS both_RR solvent_JJ and_CC cells_NN2 remained_VVD colorless_JJ ._. 
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A_AT1 much_RR larger_JJR part_NN1 of_IO the_AT operational_JJ range_NN1 with_IW the_AT concave_JJ melt_NN1 pool_NN1 operates_VVZ in_II transfer_NN1 mode_NN1 3_MC (_( see_VV0 Fig_NN1 9_MC )_) making_VVG this_DD1 melt_NN1 pool_NN1 geometry_NN1 undesirable_JJ ._. 
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For_IF the_AT 30°_NNU misaligned_VVD graphitic_JJ contact_NN1 ,_, a_AT1 smooth_JJ sliding_JJ was_VBDZ obtained_VVN and_CC the_AT calculated_JJ frictional_JJ stress_NN1 dropped_VVN to_II 0.23_MC MPa_NP1 ,_, which_DDQ resulted_VVD in_II a_AT1 significant_JJ kinetic_JJ friction_NN1 anisotropy_NN1 factor_NN1 of_IO =600_FO (_( Supplementary_JJ Section_NN1 6_MC )_) ._. 
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Images_NN2 are_VBR taken_VVN during_II loading_VVG at_II a_AT1 frequency_NN1 of_IO 1_MC1 Hz_NNU ._. 
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The_AT optimized_JJ CoCo2P@NPC/rGO850_NN1 sample_NN1 possessed_VVD the_AT optimal_JJ HER_APPGE performance_NN1 as_CSA shown_VVN in_II Figures_NN2 S20_FO and_CC S21_FO (_( Supporting_JJ Information_NN1 )_) ._. 
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The_AT stress_NN1 loading_NN1 time_NNT1 tL_NNU for_IF both_DB2 BMGs_NP1 is_VBZ larger_JJR than_CSN the_AT stress_NN1 relaxation_NN1 time_NNT1 tR_JJ ,_, which_DDQ suggests_VVZ that_CST the_AT increase_NN1 of_IO external_JJ stress_NN1 is_VBZ much_RR slower_RRR than_CSN the_AT internal_JJ stress_NN1 relaxation_NN1 ._. 
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One_MC1 important_JJ recent_JJ model_NN1 is_VBZ based_VVN on_II the_AT solute_NN1 strengthening_NN1 theory_NN1 &lsqb;_( 18,19_MC &rsqb;_) ._. 
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The_AT analysis_NN1 of_IO X-ray_NN1 photoelectron_NN1 spectroscopy_NN1 (_( XPS_NP1 )_) can_VM be_VBI used_VVN as_II an_AT1 effective_JJ method_NN1 to_TO determine_VVI chemical_JJ composition_NN1 ,_, which_DDQ is_VBZ beneficial_JJ to_TO study_VVI the_AT differences_NN2 in_II chemical_JJ structure_NN1 between_II loosely_RR bound_VVN rubber_JJ and_CC tightly_RR bound_VVN rubber_NN1 ._. 
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Periodic_JJ micro-displacement_NN1 boundary_NN1 conditions_NN2 are_VBR applied_VVN ._. 
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These_DD2 results_NN2 demonstrate_VV0 the_AT successful_JJ identification_NN1 and_CC characterization_NN1 of_IO the_AT heterogeneity_NN1 of_IO SiO2/rubber_JJ nanocomposite_NN1 via_II PFQNM_NP1 technique_NN1 ._. 
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Silica_NN1 nanoparticles_NN2 were_VBDR readily_RR constructed_VVN by_II a_AT1 sol–gel_NN1 process_NN1 (_( Figure_NN1 1c_FO )_) ,_, (_( 25-28_MCMC )_) based_VVN on_II the_AT hydrolysis_NN1 of_IO silicate_NN1 monomers_NN2 and_CC subsequent_JJ polycondensation_NN1 under_II basic_JJ conditions._NNU (_( 9_MC )_) Solid-state_NN1 29Si_FO NMR_NP1 spectroscopy_NN1 proved_VVD the_AT copolymerization_NN1 of_IO both_DB2 silica_NN1 precursors_NN2 :_: five_MC different_JJ structural_JJ units_NN2 were_VBDR identified_VVN (_( Figure_NN1 2f_RA )_) :_: Q4_FO (_( 50%_NNU )_) ,_, Q3_FO (_( 32%_NNU )_) ,_, and_CC Q2_FO (_( 5%_NNU )_) from_II TEOS_NN2 and_CC T3_FO (_( 8%_NNU )_) and_CC T2_FO (_( 3%_NNU )_) from_II the_AT condensation_NN1 of_IO APTMS_NP1 ._. 
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It_PPH1 can_VM be_VBI concluded_VVN that_DD1 reprocessing_NN1 induces_VVZ chain_NN1 scission_NN1 of_IO the_AT polymeric_JJ matrix_NN1 via_II a_AT1 thermo-radical_JJ mechanism_NN1 ,_, decreasing_VVG the_AT molecular_JJ weight_NN1 ,_, causing_VVG a_AT1 loss_NN1 of_IO mechanical_JJ properties_NN2 and_CC a_AT1 loss_NN1 of_IO fire_NN1 resistance_NN1 ._. 
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Charles_NP1 et_RA21 al_RA22 (_( 2017_MC )_) have_VH0 reported_VVN 80%_NNU reduction_NN1 in_II palladium_NN1 content_NN1 in_II RAM_NN1 cards_NN2 during_II 1991–2008_MCMC ._. 
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This_DD1 result_NN1 reveals_VVZ that_CST FEC_NP1 does_VDZ not_XX protect_VVI the_AT SGC_NP1 anode_NN1 well_RR in_II the_AT full_JJ cell_NN1 ._. 
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Subsequently_RR ,_, a_AT1 continuous_JJ shell_NN1 layer_NN1 of_IO BiVO4_FO was_VBDZ formed_VVN on_II the_AT ZnO_NN1 surface_NN1 by_II coating_VVG a_AT1 precursor_NN1 solution_NN1 ,_, resulting_VVG in_II the_AT 3D_NNU BC_RA structure_NN1 of_IO ZnO_NP1 and_CC BiVO4_FO ,_, as_CSA described_VVN in_II Figure_NN1 1a_FO ._. 
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Timesweep_VV0 experiments_NN2 at_II a_AT1 strain_NN1 amplitude_NN1 of_IO 0.05_MC and_CC frequency_NN1 of_IO 1_MC1 rad·s-1_FO were_VBDR conducted_VVN over_RG 15_MC min_NNU to_TO check_VVI the_AT thermal_JJ stability_NN1 of_IO the_AT samples_NN2 within_II the_AT time_NNT1 limit_NN1 of_IO the_AT SAOS_NP2 experiments_NN2 ._. 
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The_AT initial_JJ morphology_NN1 is_VBZ characterized_VVN by_II h_ZZ1 =_FO 2_MC ,_, dc_NN1 =_FO 10(nm)_FO ._. 
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Fig_NN1 2_MC Temperature-dependent_JJ steady-state_JJ PL_NN1 spectra_NN2 of_IO the_AT MAPbBr3_FO films_NN2 ._. 
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To_TO further_RRR understand_VVI the_AT effect_NN1 of_IO Sn_NN1 loading_VVG on_II the_AT electrochemical_JJ performance_NN1 of_IO OMCST_NP1 ,_, the_AT loading_NN1 ratio_NN1 of_IO Sn/C_FU has_VHZ been_VBN increased_VVN to_II 45–55_MCMC wt%_FO to_TO obtain_VVI the_AT OMCST45_FO and_CC OMCST55_FO ._. 
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This_DD1 research_NN1 was_VBDZ conducted_VVN in_II the_AT Swedish_JJ High_JJ Temperature_NN1 Corrosion_NN1 Centre_NN1 (_( HTC_NP1 )_) at_II Chalmers_NP1 University_NN1 of_IO Technology_NN1 ,_, Gothenburg_NP1 ,_, Sweden_NP1 ._. 
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It_PPH1 was_VBDZ because_CS that_DD1 there_EX were_VBDR different_JJ metabolic_JJ pathways_NN2 for_IF VFA_NN1 production_NN1 after_II the_AT hydrothermal_JJ pretreatment_NN1 (_( Yin_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2014_MC )_) ._. 
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The_AT emerging_JJ market_NN1 of_IO electric_JJ vehicles_NN2 has_VHZ stimulated_VVN intensive_JJ research_NN1 on_II lithium-ion_NN1 (_( Li-ion_NN1 )_) batteries_NN2 with_IW high_JJ energy_NN1 density_NN1 and_CC long_JJ cycle_NN1 life_NN1 1,2_MC ._. 
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FORMULAS_NN2 ,_, where_CS C_ZZ1 and_CC Cm_NNU represented_VVD the_AT specific_JJ capacitance_NN1 of_IO the_AT capacitor_NN1 (_( F_ZZ1 g-1_FO )_) ,_, I_ZZ1 (_( A_ZZ1 )_) was_VBDZ applied_VVN current_JJ ,_, (_( mV_NNU s-1_FO )_) meant_VVD scan_NN1 rate_NN1 ,_, m_ZZ1 (_( g_ZZ1 )_) served_VVD as_II the_AT mass_NN1 of_IO the_AT active_JJ material_NN1 ,_, δ_NULL V_ZZ1 (_( V_ZZ1 )_) acted_VVD as_II the_AT potential_JJ window_NN1 during_II the_AT discharge_NN1 and_CC δ_NULL t_ZZ1 (_( s_ZZ1 )_) indicated_VVD the_AT discharge_NN1 time_NNT1 ._. 
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Fig_NN1 10_MC Result_NN1 of_IO the_AT normal_JJ impact_NN1 simulations_NN2 ._. 
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In_II contrast_NN1 ,_, for_IF the_AT CLANpM458_FO group_NN1 at_II the_AT same_DA plasmid_NN1 dose_NN1 ,_, the_AT percentages_NN2 of_IO EGFP-positive_JJ cells_NN2 in_II blood_NN1 macrophages_NN2 and_CC monocytes_NN2 (_( precursors_NN2 of_IO macrophages_NN2 )_) were_VBDR 13.0%_FO and_CC 8.8%_FO ,_, respectively_RR ,_, while_CS only_RR 0.8%_FO of_IO blood_NN1 neutrophils_NN2 were_VBDR EGFP-positive_JJ ._. 
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Before_II starting_VVG the_AT experiment_NN1 ,_, membranes_NN2 were_VBDR dried_VVN at_II 70_MC °C_NNU for_IF an_AT1 overnight_JJ ._. 
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The_AT characteristics_NN2 of_IO PM_NP1 and_CC FVW_NP1 in_II this_DD1 experiment_NN1 were_VBDR similar_JJ to_II previous_JJ work_NN1 (_( Alvarez_NP1 and_CC Lidén_NP1 ,_, 2008_MC ,_, Borowski_NP1 and_CC Weatherley_NP1 ,_, 2013_MC ,_, Gangagni_NP1 Rao_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2011_MC ,_, Nicholson_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 1999_MC ,_, Quiroga_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2010_MC ,_, Salminen_NP1 and_CC Rintala_NP1 ,_, 2002_MC ,_, Wang_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2012_MC ,_, Zhao_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2014_MC )_) ._. 
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The_AT interaction_NN1 energy_NN1 are_VBR calculated_VVN as_CSA FORMULA_NN1 ,_, where_CS ij_NN1 is_VBZ the_AT dislocation_NN1 stress_NN1 tensor_NN1 and_CC εij_FO is_VBZ the_AT transformation_NN1 strain_NN1 tensor_NN1 ._. 
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The_AT critical_JJ shear_VV0 stress_NN1 is_VBZ obtained_VVN from_II the_AT projection_NN1 of_IO the_AT critical_JJ stress_NN1 onto_II the_AT i-th_MD glide_NN1 system_NN1 ._. 
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The_AT high_JJ hardness_NN1 obtained_VVN in_II the_AT 1-pass_JJ GTA_NN1 weld_NN1 metal_NN1 confirms_VVZ the_AT significant_JJ presence_NN1 of_IO martensite_NN1 therein_RR (_( Figs_NN2 6a_FO and_CC 7_MC a_ZZ1 )_) ,_, as_CSA also_RR predicted_VVN by_II the_AT model_NN1 (_( Fig_NN1 14a_FO )_) ._. 
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Our_APPGE attempt_NN1 to_TO fabricate_VVI a_AT1 monolithic_JJ anode_NN1 material_NN1 involves_VVZ growing_VVG a_AT1 high_JJ capacity_NN1 anode_NN1 ,_, such_II21 as_II22 an_AT1 NCO_NP1 nanostructure_NN1 ,_, on_II a_AT1 porous_JJ surface_NN1 ,_, CC_NP1 ,_, to_TO improve_VVI the_AT binding_JJ interaction_NN1 between_II the_AT current_JJ collector_NN1 and_CC the_AT active_JJ electrode_NN1 ._. 
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The_AT stabilization_NN1 of_IO the_AT values_NN2 from_II 20mins_FO on_II can_VM also_RR be_VBI interpreted_VVN as_CSA being_VBG indicative_JJ of_IO a_AT1 very_RG low_JJ polymerization_NN1 rate_NN1 ,_, meaning_VVG that_CST if_CS no_AT further_JJR temperature_NN1 rise_NN1 is_VBZ programmed_VVN then_RT the_AT resin_NN1 might_VM reach_VVI a_AT1 low_JJ conversion_NN1 degree_NN1 which_DDQ can_VM be_VBI detrimental_JJ to_II its_APPGE overall_JJ mechanical_JJ properties_NN2 ._. 
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Fig_NN1 3_MC Orientation-dependent_JJ surface_NN1 energy_NN1 of_IO different_JJ additional_JJ solute_NN1 elements_NN2 in_II binary_JJ magnesium_NN1 alloys_NN2 ._. 
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The_AT intensity_NN1 of_IO the_AT characteristic_JJ peak_NN1 around_II wavelength_NN1 of_IO 280_MC nm_FU ,_, which_DDQ is_VBZ ascribed_VVN to_II S62-_NN1 and_CC S82-_JJ species_NN ,_, 44-46_MCMC became_VVD weakened_VVN with_IW the_AT increase_NN1 of_IO PVIm&lsqb;TFSI&rsqb;_NP1 concentration_NN1 ,_, which_DDQ indicated_VVD a_AT1 decrease_NN1 in_II the_AT polysulfide_NN1 content_NN1 in_II the_AT solution_NN1 ._. 
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The_AT fibre_NN1 collector_NN1 was_VBDZ swung_VVN so_CS21 that_CS22 the_AT thickness_NN1 of_IO the_AT nanomesh_NN1 sheet_NN1 would_VM be_VBI uniform_JJ ._. 
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This_DD1 effective_JJ cell_NN1 uptake_NN1 ability_NN1 of_IO polyplexes_NN2 was_VBDZ further_RRR confirmed_VVN by_II exposing_VVG them_PPHO2 to_II A549_FO cancer_NN1 cells_NN2 (_( Fig_NN1 S11_FO )_) ._. 
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The_AT averaged_JJ effect_NN1 of_IO all_DB other_JJ grains_NN2 on_II the_AT grain_NN1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 stress_NN1 distribution_NN1 seems_VVZ to_TO be_VBI weaker_JJR than_CSN the_AT actual_JJ effect_NN1 of_IO the_AT local_JJ neighborhood_NN1 for_IF the_AT grains_NN2 in_II the_AT &lsqb;_( 001_MC &rsqb;_) region_NN1 ._. 
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Briefly_RR ,_, 20_MC l_NNU of_IO SMNCs_NP1 or_CC PNCs_NP1 suspension_NN1 (_( 0.5_MC mg/ml_NNU )_) was_VBDZ deposited_VVN on_II a_AT1 200-mesh_JJ carbon-coated_JJ copper_NN1 grid_NN1 ._. 
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ESO_NP1 with_IW 4.1_MC epoxy_JJ groups_NN2 per_II molecule_NN1 was_VBDZ purchased_VVN from_II Micxy_JJ Chemical_NN1 Co._NN1 ,_, Ltd_JJ (_( Chengdu_NP1 ,_, China_NP1 )_) ._. 
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In_II summary_NN1 ,_, we_PPIS2 reported_VVD the_AT preparation_NN1 of_IO mesoporous_JJ Pd@Ru_FO NRs_NP1 composed_VVD of_IO fcc_NNU Pd_NP1 and_CC hcp_NNU Ru_NN1 ._. 
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Comparison_NN1 of_IO scattering_VVG profile_NN1 and_CC fit_JJ for_IF C_ZZ1 '_NULL dot-5_MC (_( 4_MC shells_NN2 )_) clearly_RR shows_VVZ that_CST these_DD2 particles_NN2 are_VBR not_XX well_RR described_VVN by_II the_AT SG_NP1 or_CC SB_NP1 model_NN1 ,_, and_CC hence_RR the_AT resulting_JJ fit_JJ values_NN2 are_VBR denoted_VVN with_IW an_AT1 asterisk_NN1 ._. 
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O_ZZ1 groups_NN2 ,_, which_DDQ make_VV0 the_AT intercalation_NN1 of_IO water_NN1 molecules_NN2 and/or_CC ions_NN2 (_( e.g._REX ,_, Cl_FO )_) into_II the_AT metal_NN1 hydr(oxy)oxide_NN1 layers_NN2 easier_RRR ,_, thus_RR impeding_VVG the_AT packing_NN1 of_IO layers_NN2 along_II the_AT c-axial_JJ direction_NN1 to_TO produce_VVI a_AT1 thicker_JJR structure.21,27,28_FO For_IF structural_JJ and/or_CC performance_NN1 comparison_NN1 ,_, more_DAR samples_NN2 are_VBR included_VVN in_II this_DD1 study_NN1 and_CC the_AT results_NN2 can_VM be_VBI found_VVN in_II the_AT ESI_NP1 (_( Fig_NN1 S6–S12_NP1 and_CC method_NN1 part_NN1 )_) ,_, which_DDQ include_VV0 crystalline_JJ bulk_NN1 phases_NN2 after_II annealing_VVG CoV-UAH_NN1 at_II 600_MC °C_NNU (_( CoV-C_NP1 )_) ,_, crystalline_JJ V2O5_FO and_CC VO2_FO ,_, crystalline_JJ Co3V2O8_FO ,_, crystalline_JJ Co(OH)2_FO ,_, CoOOH_NP1 and_CC IrO2_FO ._. 
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Former_DA oxide_NN1 layers_NN2 are_VBR reduced_VVN ,_, which_DDQ would_VM perfectly_RR promote_VVI wetting_VVG ._. 
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Figure_NN1 2_MC :_: In_RR21 vitro_RR22 glucoseresponsive_JJ release_NN1 of_IO insulin_NN1 from_II RBCmAceDEX_NP1 NPs_NP1 ._. 
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ERK_NP1 ,_, kinase_NN1 ;_; FAK_NP1 ,_, focal_JJ adhesion_NN1 kinase_NN1 ;_; MCAO_NP1 ,_, middle_JJ cerebral_JJ artery_NN1 occlusion_NN1 ;_; PSD_NP1 ,_, post-surgery_JJ day_NNT1 ;_; VEGF_NP1 ,_, vascular_JJ endothelial_JJ growth_NN1 factor_NN1 ._. 
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The_AT GSH-freed_NN1 NO_UH could_VM also_RR significantly_RR relieve_VVI hypoxia_NN1 within_II tumor_NN1 tissues_NN2 ,_, possibly_RR through_II increased_JJ blood_NN1 flow_NN1 induced_VVN by_II SMCs_NN2 relaxation_NN1 ._. 
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In_RR21 addition_RR22 ,_, analyses_NN2 showed_VVD that_CST the_AT effect_NN1 of_IO dust_NN1 concentration_NN1 on_II biological_JJ agent_NN1 concentration_NN1 was_VBDZ not_XX affected_VVN by_II the_AT site_NN1 (_( i.e._REX ,_, no_AT significant_JJ interaction_NN1 term_NN1 between_II dust_NN1 concentration_NN1 and_CC site_NN1 variables_NN2 )_) ._. 
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To_TO determine_VVI the_AT efficacy_NN1 of_IO the_AT inhibition_NN1 of_IO bacteria_NN2 growth_NN1 ,_, 200_MC L_NNU of_IO E._NP1 coli_NN2 suspension_NN1 was_VBDZ dropped_VVN onto_II the_AT surface_NN1 of_IO solid_JJ agar_NN1 plates_NN2 ._. 
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The_AT decay_NN1 exponent_NN1 ,_, B_ZZ1 represents_VVZ how_RRQ fast_RR the_AT flux_NN1 rate_NN1 drops_NN2 ,_, and_CC C_ZZ1 is_VBZ an_AT1 equilibrium_NN1 flux_NN1 that_CST the_AT grain_NN1 will_VM reach_VVI after_II time_NNT1 ._. 
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One_MC1 approach_NN1 was_VBDZ solvothermal_JJ reduction_NN1 to_TO quantitatively_RR reduce_VVI GO_VV0 oxidation_NN1 levels_NN2 ,_, whereas_CS another_DD1 was_VBDZ the_AT use_NN1 of_IO hydrolysis_NN1 by_II alkalized_JJ aqueous_JJ solvents_NN2 to_TO open_VVI the_AT epoxy_JJ rings_NN2 ,_, thereby_RR increasing_JJ hydroxyl_NN1 and_CC carbon_NN1 radical_NN1 densities_NN2 ._. 
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The_AT optimal_JJ orientation_NN1 parameters_NN2 (_( see_VV0 Table_NN1 6_MC )_) are_VBR still_RR suitable_JJ to_TO be_VBI applied_VVN in_II the_AT centergated_JJ disk_NN1 at_II various_JJ filling_NN1 rates_NN2 ._. 
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These_DD2 changes_NN2 were_VBDR connected_VVN to_II the_AT severity_NN1 of_IO the_AT applied_JJ aging_NN1 (_( time_NNT1 and_CC temperature_NN1 )_) ,_, especially_RR for_IF PET_NN1 and_CC ABS_JJ ._. 
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Recently_RR ,_, floating_VVG structures_NN2 for_IF solar_JJ evaporation_NN1 have_VH0 been_VBN proposed_VVN ,_, employing_VVG the_AT concept_NN1 of_IO interfacial_JJ solar_JJ heat_NN1 localization_NN1 as_II a_AT1 high-efficiency_JJ approach_NN1 to_II desalination_NN1 ._. 
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The_AT mixed_JJ cell_NN1 suspensions_NN2 were_VBDR washed_VVN twice_RR with_IW 500_MC L_NNU of_IO PBS_NP1 containing_VVG 1%_NNU bovine_JJ serum_NN1 albumin_NN1 (_( BSA_NP1 )_) ._. 
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After_CS desorption_NN1 process_NN1 ,_, this_DD1 absorption_NN1 band_NN1 decreased_VVD significantly_RR ,_, and_CC only_RR a_AT1 residue_NN1 band_NN1 of_IO 1278.7–1235.1_MCMC cm1_FO left_VVN ._. 
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In_II this_DD1 process_NN1 ,_, the_AT photogenerated_JJ electrons_NN2 in_II the_AT conduction_NN1 band_NN1 (_( CB_FO )_) of_IO coupled_JJ photocatalysts_NN2 are_VBR injected_VVN into_II the_AT valence_NN1 band_NN1 (_( VB_NP1 )_) and_CC submerge_VV0 the_AT holes_NN2 of_IO g-C3N4_NN1 ,_, which_DDQ is_VBZ benefited_VVN to_TO facilitate_VVI the_AT splitting_NN1 of_IO electron–hole_NN1 and_CC suppresses_VVZ charge_NN1 recombination_NN1 as_RR21 well_RR22 ._. 
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Consequently_RR ,_, the_AT hemicellulose_NN1 ,_, and_CC cellulose_VV0 fractions_NN2 decompose_VV0 more_RGR easily_RR ,_, resulting_VVG in_II higher_JJR bio-oil_NN1 yields_NN2 (_( Muleyet_VV0 al._NNU ,_, 2016_MC ,_, Wang_NP1 and_CC Cheng_NP1 ,_, 2014_MC )_) ._. 
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In_II this_DD1 regard_NN1 ,_, the_AT development_NN1 of_IO the_AT Z-scheme_JJ structure_NN1 for_IF CdS_NN2 and_CC CdS-based_JJ nanocompounds_NN2 is_VBZ desirable_JJ to_TO enhance_VVI the_AT efficiency_NN1 for_IF solar-fuel_JJ production_NN1 ._. 
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Fig_NN1 11_MC shows_VVZ that_CST even_RR for_IF low_JJ temperature_NN1 (_( 5_MC K_ZZ1 )_) deformation_NN1 along_II the_AT &lsqb;_( 001_MC &rsqb;_) orientation_NN1 ,_, slip_VV0 systems_NN2 related_VVN by_II cross-slip_NN1 develop_VV0 in_II dislocation_NN1 density_NN1 at_II a_AT1 similar_JJ rate_NN1 ._. 
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Then_RT ,_, the_AT solid_JJ residue_NN1 obtained_VVN from_II L1_FO stage_NN1 underwent_VVD a_AT1 second_NNT1 leaching_VVG process_NN1 (_( L2_FO )_) using_VVG high_JJ HCl_NP1 concentration_NN1 (_( 2mol/L_FU )_) for_IF 2h_FO to_TO obtain_VVI a_AT1 liquor_NN1 reach_NN1 in_II REEs_NP1 ._. 
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Fig_NN1 9_MC SEM_NN1 images_NN2 of_IO fracture_NN1 surface_NN1 of_IO neat_JJ epoxy_JJ (_( A_ZZ1 )_) ,_, TA-PEI/MWCNTs/epoxy_VV0 composite_JJ (_( B_ZZ1 )_) at_II low_JJ magnification_NN1 and_CC TA-PEI/MWCNTs/epoxy_JJ composite_NN1 (_( C_ZZ1 )_) at_II high_JJ magnification_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Second_MD ,_, samples_NN2 with_IW a_AT1 bigger_JJR gauge_NN1 cross_NN1 section_NN1 show_VV0 higher_JJR strain-to-failure_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
For_IF rGO-deposited_JJ samples_NN2 ,_, Figure_NN1 3b_FO gives_VVZ the_AT FTIR_NN1 results_NN2 for_IF both_RR rGO-GCE_JJ and_CC rGO-CE_NP1 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT CB_NN1 content_NN1 in_II the_AT composites_NN2 was_VBDZ 10_MC wt%_FO and_CC 20_MC wt%_FO ,_, respectively_RR ._. 
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<s>
This_DD1 can_VM expand_VVI the_AT thermal_JJ comfort_NN1 zone_NN1 by_II 6.5_MC °C_NNU ._. 
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<s>
In_RR21 addition_RR22 ,_, the_AT current_JJ density_NN1 of_IO the_AT catalyst_NN1 drops_VVZ only_RR 3.0%_FO after_II 1000_MC cycles_NN2 ,_, which_DDQ is_VBZ much_RR better_RRR than_CSN Pt/C_NNU (_( 34.2%_FO decay_NN1 )_) ._. 
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<s>
This_DD1 is_VBZ the_AT fundamental_JJ difference_NN1 compared_VVN to_II the_AT conventional_JJ AMR_NP1 cooling_VVG cycle_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
In_II this_DD1 study_NN1 ,_, by_II using_VVG the_AT iBTA_NN1 technology_NN1 ,_, we_PPIS2 prepared_VVD an_AT1 almost_RR ideal_JJ tissue-engineered_NN1 long_RR vascular_JJ graft_NN1 consisting_VVG entirely_RR of_IO an_AT1 autologous_JJ tissue_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
For_IF MTT_NP1 assay_NN1 ,_, the_AT Cl-1_MC1 cells_NN2 were_VBDR seeded_VVN in_II a_AT1 96-well_JJ plate_NN1 (_( 1_MC1 ×_II 104_MC per_II well_RR )_) and_CC incubated_VVD overnight_RT ._. 
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<s>
When_CS the_AT r-Cs_NNU2 concentration_NN1 was_VBDZ below_II the_AT instrument_NN1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 detection_NN1 limit_NN1 ,_, the_AT detection_NN1 limit_NN1 was_VBDZ taken_VVN to_TO be_VBI the_AT concentration_NN1 in_II the_AT filter_NN1 ._. 
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A_AT1 schematic_JJ of_IO the_AT cell_NN1 after_II assembly_NN1 is_VBZ shown_VVN in_II Figure_NN1 1_MC1 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT potential_JJ dynamics_NN of_IO the_AT TENG-only_JJ unit_NN1 was_VBDZ governed_VVN by_II the_AT mechanical_JJ dynamics_NN of_IO contact_NN1 and_CC separation_NN1 between_II the_AT surfaces_NN2 ._. 
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During_II the_AT preload_NN1 of_IO the_AT LPCs_NP1 ,_, both_RR twinning_VVG and_CC dislocations_NN2 are_VBR generated_VVN ._. 
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<s>
The_AT light_NN1 is_VBZ confined_VVN in_II a_AT1 semiconductor_NN1 microcavity_NN1 comprising_VVG a_AT1 GaAs_NP2 spacer_NN1 sandwiched_VVN between_II two_MC asymmetrically_RR distributed_VVN Bragg_NP1 reflectors_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT &lsqb;_( G0_FO '_NULL =_FO K_ZZ1 (_( -_- c_ZZ1 )_) &rsqb;_) relationship_NN1 is_VBZ valid_JJ for_IF volume_NN1 fractions_NN2 higher_JJR than_CSN percolation_NN1 threshold_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
This_DD1 overaccumulation_NN1 occurred_VVD because_CS the_AT collector_NN1 plate_NN1 decelerates_VVZ before_RT ,_, and_CC immediately_RR accelerates_VVZ after_II the_AT corners_NN2 ,_, thus_RR lowering_VVG the_AT collection_NN1 conditions_NN2 below_II the_AT CTS_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT films_NN2 showed_VVD indirectly_RR allowed_VVN transition_NN1 and_CC the_AT optical_JJ band_NN1 gap_NN1 of_IO the_AT films_NN2 was_VBDZ evaluated_VVN ._. 
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<s>
The_AT diameter_NN1 of_IO the_AT semicircle_NN1 reflects_VVZ the_AT value_NN1 of_IO each_DD1 resistance_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT device_NN1 was_VBDZ filled_VVN with_IW 10×_FO TBE_NP1 ,_, and_CC an_AT1 electro-osmotic_JJ flow_NN1 was_VBDZ applied_VVN to_TO remove_VVI trapped_JJ air_NN1 bubbles_NN2 inside_II the_AT device40_FO ._. 
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<s>
The_AT β_NULL CD/Col_NN1 materials_NN2 had_VHD the_AT greatest_JJT storage_NN1 modulus_NN1 ,_, or_CC in_II other_JJ words_NN2 they_PPHS2 exhibited_VVD the_AT ability_NN1 to_TO store_VVI a_AT1 higher_JJR quantity_NN1 of_IO deformation_NN1 energy_NN1 elastically_RR (_( Figure_NN1 2e_FO and_CC Figure_NN1 S2g_FO ,_, Supporting_JJ Information_NN1 )_) ._. 
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<s>
This_DD1 enabled_VVD us_PPIO2 to_TO determine_VVI the_AT thickness_NN1 of_IO flakes_NN2 produced_VVN with_IW results_NN2 presented_VVN in_II Figure_NN1 3_MC ,_, showing_VVG the_AT images_NN2 and_CC measured_JJ cross_NN1 section_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT anomalous_JJ Hall_NN1 resistivity_NN1 A_ZZ1 ,_, following_VVG the_AT convention_NN1 of_IO normal_JJ Hall_NN1 effect_NN1 ,_, is_VBZ defined_VVN as_CSA positive_JJ for_IF a_AT1 counterclockwise_JJ hysteresis_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
So_RR ,_, the_AT few_DA2 pores_NN2 in_II MR_NNB bulk_NN1 was_VBDZ also_RR responsible_JJ for_IF the_AT larger_JJR tensile_JJ strength_NN1 comparing_VVG to_II pure_JJ NR_II foam_NN1 with_IW lots_PN of_IO pores_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT inability_NN1 to_TO spread_VVI inhibits_NN2 the_AT cell_NN1 from_II polarizing_NN1 to_II form_NN1 a_AT1 leading_JJ and_CC training_NN1 edge_NN1 resulting_VVG in_II amoeboid_JJ migration_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Schematic_JJ illustration_NN1 of_IO the_AT structures_NN2 and_CC the_AT proposed_JJ mechanism_NN1 of_IO M-ChiP_NP1 for_IF tumor_NN1 targeted_VVD synergistic_JJ PDT_NP1 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT rest_NN1 portion_NN1 consists_VVZ of_IO tyrosine_NN1 residue_NN1 that_CST forms_VVZ semi-crystalline_JJ structure_NN1 &lsqb;_( 45,46_MC &rsqb;_) ._. 
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<s>
However_RR ,_, after_CS the_AT air_NN1 oxidation_NN1 modification_NN1 ,_, some_DD great_JJ changes_NN2 are_VBR observed_VVN from_II Fig_NN1 11(c)_FO and_CC (_( d_ZZ1 )_) ._. 
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<s>
The_AT pressure_NN1 applied_VVN to_II the_AT removable_JJ piston_NN1 is_VBZ controlled_VVN by_II compressed_JJ air_NN1 at_II the_AT top_NN1 of_IO the_AT unit_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT depth_NN1 (_( or_CC height_NN1 )_) of_IO the_AT laser-induced_JJ deformations_NN2 used_VVN for_IF the_AT construction_NN1 of_IO the_AT holograms_NN2 rarely_RR exceeded_VVD 500_MC nm_FU ,_, and_CC was_VBDZ controlled_VVN with_IW ±_FO 25_MC nm_FU accuracy_NN1 by_II using_VVG single_JJ laser_NN1 pulses_NN2 of_IO pre-defined_JJ values_NN2 of_IO energy_NN1 ._. 
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Five_MC peptide_NN1 were_VBDR used_VVN in_II this_DD1 work_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
In_II an_AT1 effort_NN1 to_TO enhance_VVI delamination_NN1 resistance_NN1 and_CC to_TO retard_VVI the_AT onset_NN1 of_IO damage_NN1 ,_, a_AT1 3D_NNU fiber_NN1 architecture_NN1 that_CST contains_VVZ through-thickness_JJ reinforcement_NN1 was_VBDZ employed_VVN ._. 
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<s>
We_PPIS2 first_MD focused_VVD on_II systems_NN2 in_II the_AT fully_RR oxidized_JJ condition_NN1 (_( x_ZZ1 =_FO 0_MC )_) because_CS experimental_JJ samples_NN2 are_VBR often_RR prepared_VVN in_II a_AT1 relatively_RR high_JJ oxygen_NN1 partial_JJ pressure_NN1 and_CC changes_NN2 to_II the_AT optical_JJ absorption_NN1 upon_II introduction_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 donor_NN1 species_NN are_VBR expected_VVN to_TO be_VBI significant_JJ for_IF a_AT1 p-type_JJ material_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Note_VV0 that_CST it_PPH1 is_VBZ now_RT well_RR documented_VVN that_CST the_AT plastic_NN1 deformation_NN1 along_II 100_MC of_IO silicon_NN1 nanospheres_NN2 is_VBZ critically_RR dependent_JJ on_II the_AT choice_NN1 of_IO the_AT interatomic_JJ potential_NN1 in_II molecular_JJ dynamics_NN simulations_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Moreover_RR ,_, these_DD2 fillers_NN2 are_VBR usually_RR polar_JJ and_CC hydrophilic_JJ ,_, mainly_RR as_II a_AT1 consequence_NN1 of_IO their_APPGE chemical_JJ structure_NN1 ,_, which_DDQ leads_VVZ to_II poor_JJ adhesion_NN1 and_CC wettability_NN1 in_II nonpolar_JJ matrices_NN2 contributing_VVG to_II matrix–fiber_NN1 interface_NN1 debonding_VVG 5_MC ._. 
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<s>
The_AT transient_JJ formation_NN1 of_IO double-stranded_JJ to_II β_NULL templates_NN2 increases_VVZ fluorescence_NN1 thus_RR revealing_VVG the_AT presence_NN1 of_IO ._. 
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<s>
Pt_FO exhibits_VVZ excellent_JJ ORR_NN1 activity_NN1 and_CC has_VHZ been_VBN considered_VVN as_II the_AT benchmark_NN1 ORR_NN1 catalyst_NN1 for_IF polymer_NN1 electrolyte_NN1 membrane_NN1 (_( PEM_NP1 )_) fuel_NN1 cells_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
This_DD1 value_NN1 appears_VVZ to_TO be_VBI very_RG close_JJ to_II the_AT experimental_JJ one_PN1 derived_VVN from_II the_AT linear_JJ fit_NN1 of_IO Fig_NN1 2_MC ,_, where_CS =0.25_FO ._. 
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<s>
Consequently_RR ,_, all_DB domino_NN1 logic_NN1 circuits_NN2 presented_VVN in_II this_DD1 study_NN1 ,_, including_II the_AT OR_CC gate_NN1 discussed_VVN above_RL ,_, were_VBDR constructed_VVN using_VVG Input_NN1 and_CC Threshold_NN1 hairpins_NN2 with_IW 6_MC nt_NNU toeholds_NN2 and_CC Intermediate_JJ and_CC Output_NN1 hairpins_NN2 with_IW 3_MC nt_NNU toeholds_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Conductive_JJ ribbons_NN2 with_IW an_AT1 adhesive_NN1 were_VBDR placed_VVN on_II the_AT front_NN1 and_CC rear_JJ side_NN1 of_IO the_AT tandem_NN1 cell_NN1 to_TO contact_VVI it_PPH1 ._. 
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<s>
Here_RL ,_, the_AT procedure_NN1 of_IO finding_VVG the_AT kinetic_JJ constants_NN2 by_II31 means_II32 of_II33 experimental_JJ data_NN fitting_NN1 is_VBZ avoided_VVN ,_, because_CS a_AT1 semi-closed_JJ form_NN1 approach_NN1 is_VBZ adopted_VVN ._. 
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<s>
The_AT populations_NN2 with_IW reduced_JJ force_NN1 (_( 20_MC pN_NNU )_) depict_VV0 free_JJ G-quadruplexes_NN2 ,_, and_CC the_AT high-force_JJ populations_NN2 are_VBR probably_RR G-quadruplexes_NN2 inside_II nanocages_NN2 ._. 
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Fig_NN1 2_MC a_ZZ1 )_) Schematic_JJ illustrating_VVG uniaxial_JJ specimen_NN1 planes_NN2 and_CC LPBF_NP1 SP_NN1 disc_NN1 extraction_NN1 ._. 
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Both_DB2 of_IO them_PPHO2 increased_VVD sharply_RR in_II diabetic_JJ mice_NN2 compared_VVN to_II the_AT control_NN1 group_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Stem_VV0 cell–mimetic_JJ functionalization_NN1 of_IO the_AT PNC_NP1 surface_NN1 could_VM disguise_VVI PNCs_NP1 as_CSA stem_NN1 cells_NN2 ,_, preventing_VVG recognition_NN1 by_II macrophages_NN2 and_CC thereby_RR decreasing_VVG SMNC_NP1 uptake_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Real-time_JJ fluorescence_NN1 monitoring_NN1 revealed_VVD the_AT emergence_NN1 of_IO localized_JJ activation_NN1 colonies_NN2 located_VVN around_II the_AT minority_NN1 particles_NN2 (_( Fig_NN1 5c_FO and_CC Supplementary_JJ Movie_NN1 6_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
We_PPIS2 find_VV0 that_CST samples_NN2 containing_VVG larger_JJR amount_NN1 of_IO the_AT m_ZZ1 =_FO ∞_FO phase_NN1 attain_VV0 larger_JJR densities_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
At_II day_NNT1 4_MC postwounding_VVG ,_, the_AT Cu2+_FO concentrations_NN2 in_II skin_NN1 and_CC several_DA2 internal_JJ organs_NN2 are_VBR similar_JJ for_IF all_DB three_MC groups_NN2 ,_, confirming_VVG that_CST Cu2+_FO can_VM be_VBI eliminated_VVN by_II the_AT body_NN1 within_II that_DD1 time_NNT1 frame_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT content_NN1 of_IO Ag_FO detected_VVN on_II crystal_NN1 surface_NN1 of_IO the_AT P-ONN_NP1 (_( 2.0_MC kV_NNU )_) is_VBZ 1.56%_FO (_( Fig_NN1 10f_RA )_) ,_, which_DDQ agrees_VVZ with_IW the_AT result_NN1 of_IO EDX_NP1 analysis_NN1 (_( Fig_NN1 9f_RA )_) basically_RR ,_, and_CC is_VBZ lower_JJR than_CSN that_DD1 of_IO the_AT P-TKN_NP1 (_( 2.0_MC kV_NNU )_) ._. 
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<s>
Therefore_RR ,_, the_AT development_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 droplet_NN1 manipulation_NN1 system_NN1 using_VVG a_AT1 superhydrophobic_JJ surface_NN1 is_VBZ urgently_RR needed_VVN ._. 
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<s>
Scheme_NN1 of_IO the_AT general_JJ intrinsic_JJ radiosensitive_JJ properties_NN2 of_IO nanoradiosensitizers_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Their_APPGE results_NN2 showed_VVD that_CST the_AT apparent_JJ activation_NN1 energy_NN1 is_VBZ of_IO 120_MC kJ_NNU mol-1_FO in_II the_AT range_NN1 of_IO 240–270_MCMC °C_NNU with_IW first-order_JJ reaction_NN1 model_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
It_PPH1 should_VM be_VBI noted_VVN that_CST all_DB the_AT materials_NN2 were_VBDR used_VVN as_CSA received_VVN without_IW any_DD further_JJR treatment_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
In_II the_AT ideal_JJ overlapped_JJ morphology_NN1 ,_, the_AT height_NN1 of_IO overlapped_JJ part_NN1 is_VBZ equal_JJ to_II the_AT height_NN1 of_IO the_AT solidified_JJ droplet_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
For_IF the_AT fitting_NN1 ,_, a_AT1 Morse-like_JJ function_NN1 is_VBZ used_VVN from_II ref_NN1 (_( 31_MC )_) ,_, exchanging_VVG the_AT variables_NN2 taken_VVN within_II FORMULA_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Thermal_JJ conductivity_NN1 of_IO CF-modified_JJ samples_NN2 varied_VVN from_II 0.027_MC to_II 0.030W/mK_FU with_IW varying_JJ filler_NN1 content_NN1 (_( Table_NN1 3_MC )_) ._. 
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Fig_NN1 6_MC E_ZZ1 in_II and_CC charge_NN1 recombination_NN1 dynamics_NN ._. 
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<s>
The_AT research_NN1 leading_VVG to_II these_DD2 results_NN2 has_VHZ received_VVN funding_NN1 from_II the_AT People_NN Programme_NN1 (_( Marie_NP1 Sklodowska_NP1 Curie_NP1 Actions_NN2 )_) of_IO the_AT European_JJ Union_NN1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 Seventh_MD Framework_NN1 FP7/2007-2013/under_FU REA_NN1 grant_NN1 agreement_NN1 n°_FO &lsqb;_( &rsqb;_) and_CC from_II the_AT ECCELLENZA_NN1 programme_NN1 of_IO the_AT CARIPARO_NN1 foundation_NN1 under_II the_AT REDIPhE_NN1 project_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Interestingly_RR ,_, NF2_FO shows_VVZ the_AT most_RGT uniform_JJ core–shell_NN1 structure_NN1 and_CC dual_JJ carbon_NN1 layer_NN1 ,_, effectively_RR alleviating_VVG matrix_NN1 and_CC conducting_VVG network_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT high-angle_JJ annular_JJ dark-field_NN1 scanning_VVG transmission_NN1 electron_NN1 microscopy_NN1 (_( HAADF-STEM_NN1 )_) images_NN2 of_IO samples_NN2 BS4_FO and_CC BS8_FO (_( Fig_NN1 1a_FO ,_, b_ZZ1 ,_, respectively_RR )_) show_VV0 that_CST BixSe(1–x)_NP1 has_VHZ a_AT1 polycrystalline_JJ structure_NN1 and_CC that_CST the_AT atomic_JJ layers_NN2 of_IO Bi_NP1 and_CC Se_ND1 are_VBR continuous_JJ in_II both_DB2 samples_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
For_IF a_AT1 random_JJ solid_JJ solution_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 NiFe_NN1 alloy_NN1 ,_, there_EX is_VBZ a_AT1 clearly_RR defined_VVN threshold_NN1 stress_NN1 above_II which_DDQ dislocations_NN2 can_VM glide_VVI ._. 
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<s>
However_RR ,_, the_AT signal-to-noise_JJ ratio_NN1 of_IO the_AT pattern_NN1 is_VBZ too_RG low_JJ to_TO extract_VVI reliable_JJ information_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
One_MC1 important_JJ observation_NN1 which_DDQ can_VM be_VBI made_VVN from_II Fig_NN1 4_MC ,_, Fig_NN1 5_MC ,_, Fig_NN1 6_MC is_VBZ the_AT deformation_NN1 differences_NN2 between_II the_AT Specimen_NN1 M3_FO and_CC M3°_FO ._. 
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<s>
Structurally_RR ,_, MACPF_VV0 proteins_NN2 differ_VV0 from_II CDCs_NP1 in_II forming_VVG membrane-spanning_JJ β_NULL -barrels_NN2 without_IW vertical_JJ subunit_NN1 collapse_NN1 :_: unlike_JJ CDCs_NP1 ,_, (_( the_AT structurally_RR characterized_VVN )_) MACPFs_NN2 have_VH0 transmembrane_NN1 hairpins_NN2 that_CST are_VBR sufficiently_RR long_JJ to_TO span_VVI the_AT membrane_NN1 without_IW such_DA a_AT1 collapse_NN1 ._. 
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The_AT animal_NN1 was_VBDZ decapitated_VVN (_( following_VVG deep_JJ anesthesia_NN1 via_II inhalation_NN1 of_IO isoflurane_NN1 in_II31 case_II32 of_II33 animals_NN2 older_JJR than_CSN P12_FO )_) ,_, and_CC the_AT brain_NN1 quickly_RR removed_VVN ._. 
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<s>
The_AT selection_NN1 of_IO alloying_VVG elements_NN2 is_VBZ based_VVN on_II the_AT established_JJ knowledge_NN1 for_IF traditional_JJ HSS_NP1 ,_, which_DDQ belong_VV0 to_II complex_JJ Fe-C-X_NP1 high_JJ alloy_NN1 steels_NN2 (_( X=Mo_FO ,_, W_ZZ1 ,_, Cr_NP1 ,_, V_ZZ1 )_) containing_VVG a_AT1 high_JJ carbon_NN1 content_NN1 ,_, with_IW the_AT microstructure_NN1 featuring_VVG a_AT1 large_JJ volume_NN1 of_IO hard_JJ carbides_NN2 ,_, formed_VVN from_II eutectic_JJ reactions_NN2 or_CC secondary_JJ precipitation_NN1 ,_, distributing_VVG in_II a_AT1 martensitic_JJ matrix_NN1 &lsqb;_( 7,8_MC &rsqb;_) ._. 
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Bulk_VV0 single_JJ crystals_NN2 of_IO FGT_NP1 were_VBDR grown_VVN by_II the_AT chemical_JJ vapour_NN1 transport_NN1 method_NN1 using_VVG iodine_NN1 as_II a_AT1 transport_NN1 agent11_FO ._. 
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The_AT Cl–_JJ influx_NN1 resulted_VVN in_II replacement_NN1 of_IO NO3–_NP1 from_II the_AT lucigenin_NN1 and_CC quenching_VVG of_IO the_AT fluorescence_NN1 intensity_NN1 of_IO the_AT dye_NN1 ._. 
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Xray_VV0 microcomputed_JJ tomography_NN1 (_( MicroXCT200_FO ,_, Xradia_NP1 ,_, CA_NP1 )_) was_VBDZ used_VVN for_IF imaging_VVG baleen_JJ segments_NN2 (_( 5_MC ×_II 5_MC ×_II 4_MC mm_NNU )_) with_IW a_AT1 2.5_MC m_NNO voxel_NN1 size_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
This_DD1 can_VM be_VBI attributed_VVN to_II both_DB2 Zn2+_FO and_CC Cd2+_FO having_VHG similar_JJ electronegativity_NN1 values_NN2 ._. 
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DMR0959470_FO ,_, DMR1626065_FO )_) for_IF the_AT acquisition_NN1 of_IO the_AT UIC_JJ JEOL_NN1 JEMARM200CF_FO with_IW the_AT Gatan_JJ Quantum_NN1 GIF_NN1 EELS_NN2 spectrometer_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT salt_NN1 rejection_NN1 was_VBDZ calculated_VVN by_II following_VVG the_AT equation_NN1 :_: FORMULA_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
During_II a_AT1 working_JJ period_NN1 of_IO 2_MC h_ZZ1 ,_, no_AT shift_NN1 and_CC broadening_NN1 of_IO the_AT electroluminescence_NN1 spectra_NN2 happen_VV0 for_IF TMSI-CPI-based_NP1 QLEDs_NP2 with_IW an_AT1 initial_JJ luminance_NN1 of_IO 100_MC cd_MC m–2_JJ ;_; the_AT device_NN1 lifetime_NNT1 for_IF which_DDQ the_AT luminance_NN1 drops_VVZ to_II half_DB of_IO its_APPGE initial_JJ value_NN1 (_( 100_MC cd_MC m–2_JJ )_) reaches_VVZ 3.11_MC h_ZZ1 ,_, which_DDQ is_VBZ nearly_RR 7_MC times_NNT2 longer_RRR than_CSN that_DD1 of_IO Tra-CPI-based_NP1 QLEDs_NP2 ._. 
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<s>
Cracks_NN2 will_VM then_RT initiate_VVI at_II the_AT interface_NN1 of_IO δ_FO and_CC γ_NULL /_FO '_NULL when_RRQ a_AT1 critical_JJ stress_NN1 is_VBZ reached_VVN ._. 
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In_II additional_JJ control_NN1 experiments_NN2 ,_, the_AT WT_NN1 perforin_NN1 and_CC the_AT unlocked_JJ TMH1_FO mutant_NN1 (_( +DTT_FO )_) were_VBDR found_VVN to_TO have_VHI similar_JJ activity_NN1 when_CS incubated_VVN separately_RR (_( Supplementary_JJ Fig_NN1 2_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
This_DD1 is_VBZ especially_RR true_JJ for_IF samples_NN2 (_( S@M_FO )_) and_CC (_( M@S_FO )_) ,_, which_DDQ are_VBR spectrally_RR similar_JJ ,_, and_CC where_RRQ peaks_NN2 assigned_VVN to_II S12_FO or_CC S13could_FO also_RR be_VBI S15_FO or_CC S11or_FO indeed_RR a_AT1 combination_NN1 of_IO both_DB2 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT experimental_JJ results_NN2 showed_VVD that_CST the_AT prepared_JJ composite_JJ films_NN2 had_VHD excellent_JJ anisotropic_JJ SE_ND1 in_II the_AT measured_JJ frequency_NN1 range_NN1 of_IO X_ZZ1 band_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
In_II this_DD1 picture_NN1 ,_, which_DDQ may_VM extend_VVI to_II relaxor_NN1 systems_NN2 beyond_II PMN-xPT_NN1 such_II21 as_II22 BZT15_FO ,_, the_AT ferroic_JJ interactions_NN2 leading_VVG to_II C1_FO are_VBR inhibited_VVN by_II the_AT antiferroelectric_JJ interactions_NN2 underlying_VVG C2_FO ._. 
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<s>
Meanwhile_RR ,_, attributing_VVG to_II the_AT strong_JJ Xray_NN1 absorbability_NN1 of_IO Bi_JJ element_NN1 ,_, TPGSCu3BiS3_FO NCs_NP2 could_VM deposit_VVI more_DAR Xray_NN1 irradiation_NN1 energy_NN1 within_II tumor_NN1 via_II generating_JJ photoelectrons_NN2 ,_, Compton_NP1 electrons_NN2 and_CC Auger_NN1 electrons_NN2 to_TO induce_VVI the_AT emission_NN1 of_IO secondary_JJ electrons_NN2 for_IF radiosensitization_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
We_PPIS2 thank_VV0 Vivek_NP1 Jawagal_NP1 and_CC Sai_NP1 A._NP1 Balaji_NP1 for_IF their_APPGE assistance_NN1 with_IW the_AT animal_NN1 work_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT properties_NN2 of_IO polymers_NN2 have_VH0 been_VBN improved_VVN by_II incorporation_NN1 of_IO different_JJ type_NN1 and_CC amount_NN1 of_IO fillers_NN2 in_II the_AT matrix_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
All_DB of_IO the_AT antibodies_NN2 were_VBDR prepared_VVN in_II 100_MC l_ZZ1 PBS_NP1 plus_II 1%_NNU BSA_NP1 and_CC 0.1%_FO Tween20_FO and_CC chips_NN2 were_VBDR stained_VVN for_IF 60_MC min_NNU at_II a_AT1 flow_NN1 rate_NN1 of_IO 100_MC l_ZZ1 h-1_FO ._. 
</s>
<s>
As_CSA discussed_VVN throughout_II this_DD1 review_NN1 ,_, the_AT negatively_RR or_CC neutrally_RR charged_VVN nanoparticles_NN2 with_IW the_AT diameter_NN1 of_IO bigger_JJR than_CSN 50_MC nm_FU would_VM be_VBI helpful_JJ to_TO evade_VVI the_AT immune_JJ system_NN1 and_CC exploit_VVI the_AT passive_JJ tumor_NN1 targeting_VVG via_II EPR_NP1 effect_NN1 ,_, while_CS smaller_JJR and_CC positively_RR charged_VVN nanoparticles_NN2 are_VBR able_JK to_TO be_VBI internalized_VVN by_II cells_NN2 efficiently_RR ,_, entry_NN1 intracellular_JJ nuclei_NN2 ,_, and_CC target_NN1 mitochondria_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Cyclic_JJ creep_NN1 test_NN1 on_II 75/25_MF films_NN2 with_IW g_ZZ1 ,_, 0.1_MC and_CC h_ZZ1 ,_, 0.3_MC MPa_NP1 stress_NN1 loading_NN1 for_IF 6s_MC2 and_CC relaxation_NN1 for_IF 6s_MC2 ._. 
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The_AT polymer_NN1 chains_NN2 aggregate_NN1 and_CC create_VV0 two_MC kinds_NN2 of_IO structure_NN1 ._. 
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The_AT other_JJ conditional_JJ parameters_NN2 were_VBDR the_AT same_DA as_CSA the_AT above-mentioned_JJ experimental_JJ methods_NN2 in_II Section_NN1 2.2.1_MC ._. 
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It_PPH1 is_VBZ noteworthy_JJ that_CST only_RR one_MC1 type_NN1 of_IO MXene_NP1 (_( which_DDQ may_VM not_XX even_RR be_VBI the_AT best_JJT one_PN1 )_) was_VBDZ studied_VVN here_RL ,_, but_CCB it_PPH1 already_RR well_RR exceeded_VVD the_AT performance_NN1 of_IO conventional_JJ materials_NN2 ._. 
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This_DD1 is_VBZ most_RGT visible_JJ at_II higher_JJR angles_NN2 (_( Figure_NN1 2c_FO )_) ._. 
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We_PPIS2 define_VV0 the_AT ionic_JJ strength_NN1 above_RL for_IF which_DDQ assembly_NN1 does_VDZ not_XX occur_VVI as_II the_AT threshold_NN1 ionic_JJ strength_NN1 (_( IT_NN1 )_) ._. 
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In_II this_DD1 study_NN1 ,_, a_AT1 well-defined_JJ NiO–Ni_JJ heterostructure_NN1 has_VHZ been_VBN successfully_RR obtained_VVN that_CST exhibited_VVD clear_JJ boundaries_NN2 between_II the_AT two_MC phases_NN2 (_( Fig_NN1 1j_FO and_CC 3b_FO )_) ._. 
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The_AT transport_NN1 velocity_NN1 of_IO the_AT water_NN1 droplets_NN2 to_TO wet_VVI the_AT dry_JJ trichome_NN1 in_II Mode_NN1 I_ZZ1 is_VBZ =520_FO m_ZZ1 s–1_JJ ,_, about_RG 17_MC and_CC 43_MC times_NNT2 faster_RRR than_CSN the_AT velocities_NN2 of_IO spider_NN1 silk5_FO (_( 30_MC m_NNO s–1_JJ )_) and_CC cactus_NN1 spine7_FO (_( 12_MC m_NNO s–1_JJ )_) ,_, respectively_RR (_( Fig_NN1 1d_NNU )_) ._. 
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The_AT degradative_JJ enzymes_NN2 released_VVN by_II the_AT inflamed_JJ cells_NN2 degrade_VV0 the_AT AP_NP1 hydrogel_NN1 ,_, which_DDQ leads_VVZ to_II the_AT release_NN1 of_IO drug_NN1 from_II AP@PSi-HA_FO ._. 
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Figure_NN1 1a_FO shows_VVZ a_AT1 summarized_JJ schematic_JJ illustration_NN1 of_IO the_AT sulfurization_NN1 process_NN1 ._. 
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It_PPH1 is_VBZ expected_VVN that_CST these_DD2 high_JJ surface_NN1 area_NN1 flexible_JJ zeolite_NN1 fibers_NN2 will_VM enable_VVI the_AT fabrication_NN1 of_IO slim_JJ and_CC compact_JJ air_NN1 purifiers_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Ab_JJ21 initio_JJ22 modeling_NN1 of_IO charged_JJ defects_NN2 and_CC intercalants_NN2 within_II the_AT grand_JJ canonical_JJ unified_JJ electrochemical_JJ banddiagram_NN1 (_( UEB_NP1 )_) framework_NN1 is_VBZ shown_VVN to_TO enable_VVI the_AT quantitative_JJ prediction_NN1 of_IO electrochemical_JJ materials_NN2 behavior_NN1 ._. 
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Although_CS Br_JJ infiltration_NN1 is_VBZ mainly_RR a_AT1 physical_JJ absorption_NN1 process_NN1 ,_, with_IW just_RR a_AT1 little_JJ fraction_NN1 to_TO form_VVI covalent_JJ bonding_NN1 with_IW the_AT defect_NN1 of_IO CNTs_NP1 ,_, it_PPH1 can_VM induce_VVI electron_NN1 transfer_NN1 from_II CNT_NP1 to_II Br_NP1 ._. 
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And_CC the_AT shear_VV0 strength_NN1 is_VBZ the_AT maximum_NN1 shear_VV0 stress_NN1 that_CST the_AT specimen_NN1 is_VBZ capable_JJ of_IO sustaining_VVG ._. 
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Fig_NN1 1a_FO and_CC 1b_FO show_VV0 representative_JJ stress-strain_JJ curves_NN2 for_IF different_JJ levels_NN2 of_IO charging_NN1 ,_, while_CS Fig_NN1 1c_FO and_CC 1d_NNU show_VV0 the_AT average_JJ ductility_NN1 as_II a_AT1 function_NN1 of_IO post-charging_JJ recovery_NN1 time_NNT1 ._. 
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Actuator_NN1 figures-of-merit_NN2 such_II21 as_II22 energy-to-work_JJ conversion_NN1 efficiency_NN1 and_CC stiffness_NN1 are_VBR probably_RR limited_VVN by_II the_AT high_JJ elastic_JJ modulus_NN1 of_IO the_AT inorganic_JJ template_NN1 ,_, providing_VVG an_AT1 obvious_JJ pathway_NN1 for_IF optimization_NN1 ._. 
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The_AT same_DA results_NN2 are_VBR reported_VVN for_IF the_AT specimen_NN1 2_MC ._. 
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Additionally_RR ,_, we_PPIS2 evaluated_VVD the_AT targeting_VVG specificity_NN1 of_IO HeLa_NP1 M-NPs_NN2 to_II various_JJ cell_NN1 lines_NN2 ._. 
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In_II conclusion_NN1 ,_, the_AT increase_NN1 in_II hydrophobicity_NN1 of_IO nanoparticles_NN2 attenuates_VVZ the_AT effect_NN1 of_IO particles_NN2 on_II the_AT modulus_NN1 at_II low_JJ frequency_NN1 due_II21 to_II22 the_AT weakened_JJ particle–particle_NN1 and_CC polymer–particle_NN1 interactions_NN2 (_( Fig_NN1 2c_FO )_) ._. 
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The_AT interaction_NN1 of_IO these_DD2 nanoconstructs_NN2 with_IW professional_JJ phagocytic_JJ cells_NN2 is_VBZ assessed_VVN via_II confocal_JJ microscopy_NN1 and_CC flow_NN1 cytometry_NN1 analyses_NN2 ._. 
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Therefore_RR ,_, the_AT removal_NN1 of_IO fiber_NN1 from_II the_AT epoxy_JJ matrix_NN1 requires_VVZ substantial_JJ energy_NN1 consumption_NN1 ,_, which_DDQ results_VVZ in_II the_AT obvious_JJ enhancement_NN1 of_IO the_AT interfacial_JJ shear_VV0 strength_NN1 ._. 
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By_II coupling_VVG pyroelectric_JJ effect_NN1 and_CC photoelectric_JJ effect_NN1 ,_, pyro-phototronic_JJ effect_NN1 is_VBZ proposed_VVN to_TO effectively_RR modulate_VVI photon_NN1 response_NN1 characteristics_NN2 of_IO the_AT detector_NN1 with_IW p-n_ZZ1 junction_NN1 ._. 
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However_RR ,_, the_AT effect_NN1 of_IO the_AT Cu_FO ring_VV0 '_NULL s_ZZ1 geometric_JJ feature_NN1 on_II tensile_JJ properties_NN2 of_IO the_AT joints_NN2 were_VBDR not_XX investigated_VVN ._. 
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Fig_NN1 6_MC mRNA_NN1 expression_NN1 of_IO the_AT genes_NN2 regulating_VVG astrocytes_NN2 and_CC pericytes_NN2 of_IO the_AT neurovascular_JJ unit_NN1 (_( NVU_NP1 )_) ._. 
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The_AT wavelength_NN1 increases_VVZ with_IW higher_JJR pressure_NN1 during_II solidification_NN1 ,_, indicating_VVG a_AT1 higher_JJR RI_NP1 of_IO the_AT PMMA_NP1 (_( Fig_NN1 9_MC ,_, left_JJ )_) ._. 
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The_AT TEM_NN1 image_NN1 in_II Figure_NN1 S5d_FO in_II the_AT Supporting_JJ Information_NN1 indicates_VVZ the_AT solid_JJ CoSe2_FO nanoparticles_NN2 are_VBR about_RG 100_MC nm_FU in_II sizes_NN2 ,_, and_CC the_AT corresponding_JJ selectedarea_NN1 electron_NN1 diffraction_NN1 pattern_NN1 in_II Figure_NN1 S5e_FO in_II the_AT Supporting_JJ Information_NN1 reveals_VVZ the_AT polycrystalline_JJ nature_NN1 of_IO CoSe2_FO which_DDQ coincides_VVZ with_IW the_AT XRD_NP1 results_NN2 (_( Figure_NN1 1i_FO )_) ._. 
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However_RR ,_, this_DD1 does_VDZ not_XX happen_VVI due_II21 to_II22 activation_NN1 barriers_NN2 associated_VVN with_IW electron_NN1 transfer_NN1 and_CC intrinsic_JJ electrical_JJ resistance_NN1 of_IO the_AT measurement_NN1 setup_NN1 ._. 
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One_MC1 of_IO the_AT most_RGT powerful_JJ approaches_NN2 to_TO manipulate_VVI in_JJ21 vivo_JJ22 responses_NN2 is_VBZ near-infrared_JJ (_( NIR_NP1 )_) treatment_NN1 &lsqb;_( 28_MC &rsqb;_) ,_, &lsqb;_( 29_MC &rsqb;_) ,_, &lsqb;_( 30_MC &rsqb;_) ._. 
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According_II21 to_II22 (_( Serafim_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2004_MC )_) ,_, the_AT yield_NN1 and_CC composition_NN1 of_IO PHA_NP1 was_VBDZ determined_VVN by_II HP6890_FO GC_NP1 equipped_VVD with_IW FID_NP1 ,_, set_VVN to_II 260_MC °C_NNU ,_, and_CC a_AT1 25m×0.25_FO mm_NNU Chrompack_NN1 CPSIL-5CB_FO column_NN1 ._. 
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H.J.F._NP1 acknowledges_VVZ the_AT support_NN1 by_II Singapore_NP1 Ministry_NN1 of_IO Education_NN1 AcRF_NN1 Tier_NN1 1_MC1 grant_NN1 (_( RF12/17_FU )_) ._. 
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<s>
The_AT XRD_NP1 results_NN2 confirm_VV0 that_CST the_AT S-SnSb_NP1 films_NN2 are_VBR composed_VVN of_IO hexagonal_JJ SnSb_NP1 phase_NN1 (_( PDF_NP1 #33-0118_NNU )_) ,_, Fig_NN1 S17_FO ._. 
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Two_MC lead_VV0 wires_NN2 were_VBDR connected_VVN respectively_RR to_II the_AT two_MC sets_NN2 of_IO electrodes_NN2 ._. 
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The_AT biochemical_JJ and_CC biomechanical_JJ properties_NN2 remarkably_RR alter_VV0 along_RP the_AT radial_JJ direction_NN1 ._. 
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They_PPHS2 attributed_VVD their_APPGE findings_NN2 to_II electron_NN1 transport_NN1 due_II21 to_II22 the_AT stacking_NN1 of_IO the_AT phenylalanines_NN2 aromatic_JJ side_NN1 chain_NN1 in_II the_AT fibril_NN1 structure_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT greater_JJR hydrophobicity_NN1 and_CC enhanced_JJ mechanical_JJ strength_NN1 of_IO non-mulberry_JJ SF_NN1 are_VBR due_II21 to_II22 less_DAR heterogeneity_NN1 and_CC orderly_JJ arranged_JJ non-poly-alanine_NN1 repeats_VVZ in_II higher_JJR number_NN1 ,_, tighter_JJR poly-alanine_NN1 β_NULL -crystals_NN2 devoid_JJ of_IO non-alanine_JJ residues_NN2 and_CC the_AT lesser_JJ amount_NN1 of_IO polar_JJ residues_NN2 in_II protein_NN1 main_JJ chain_NN1 &lsqb;_( 29_MC &rsqb;_) ._. 
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Comparison_NN1 between_II numerical_JJ and_CC experiments_NN2 is_VBZ given_VVN in_II Fig_NN1 10_MC (_( a_ZZ1 )_) for_IF the_AT PP/PMC/g-MA_NN1 for_IF which_DDQ the_AT adhesion_NN1 between_II matrix_NN1 and_CC fillers_NN2 is_VBZ improved_VVN ._. 
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The_AT working_JJ electrode_NN1 (_( diameter_NN1 :_: 0.5_MC cm_NNU ,_, area_NN1 :_: 0.196_MC cm2_FO )_) was_VBDZ fabricated_VVN by_II casting_VVG 10_MC uL_NN1 of_IO the_AT catalyst_NN1 ink_NN1 onto_II a_AT1 glassycarbon_NN1 electrode_NN1 ._. 
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Among_II all_DB the_AT YbxCo4–yFeySb12_JJ samples_NN2 ,_, the_AT |_NULL S_NN1 |_NULL of_IO sample_NN1 #5_NNU (_( Yb0.25Co3.6Fe0.4Sb12_FO )_) is_VBZ the_AT lowest_JJT (_( Figure_NN1 S7_FO )_) ,_, and_CC only_JJ sample_NN1 #6_NNU (_( Yb0.25Co3.5Fe0.5Sb12_FO )_) exhibits_VVZ a_AT1 positive_JJ S_ZZ1 ,_, as_CSA plotted_VVN in_II the_AT inset_NN1 of_IO Figure_NN1 2b_FO ._. 
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For_IF the_AT solid-state_JJ combustion_NN1 reaction_NN1 ,_, the_AT reaction_NN1 front_NN1 temperature_NN1 and_CC velocity_NN1 are_VBR essential_JJ for_IF analysis_NN1 of_IO combustion_NN1 wave_NN1 kinetics_NN1 to_TO deduce_VVI the_AT apparent_JJ activation_NN1 energy_NN1 (_( Ea_NP1 )_) of_IO the_AT reaction_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Another_DD1 report_NN1 suggested_VVD the_AT survival_NN1 ,_, alignment_NN1 and_CC differentiation_NN1 of_IO human_JJ mesenchymal_JJ stem_NN1 cells_NN2 (_( hMSCs_NNU )_) to_II different_JJ lineages_NN2 in_II lamellar_JJ silk_NN1 scaffolds_NN2 &lsqb;_( 38_MC &rsqb;_) ._. 
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<s>
Therefore_RR ,_, accounting_VVG for_IF the_AT size_NN1 effect_NN1 component_NN1 ,_, the_AT net_JJ change_NN1 in_II the_AT bulk_NN1 forest_NN1 hardening_VVG component_NN1 in_II the_AT simulations_NN2 could_VM be_VBI as_RG large_JJ as_CSA 7.32_MC ×_II 105_MC ,_, for_IF a_AT1 plastic_NN1 shear_VV0 strain_NN1 of_IO 0.006_MC ,_, as_II31 opposed_II32 to_II33 the_AT observed_JJ 3_MC ×_II 105_MC ._. 
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Additionally_RR ,_, it_PPH1 was_VBDZ observed_VVN that_CST a_AT1 variable_JJ fraction_NN1 of_IO the_AT attached_JJ biomass_NN1 may_VM detach_VVI itself_PPX1 or_CC present_JJ mobility_NN1 during_II the_AT batch_NN1 time_NNT1 ,_, however_RR returning_VVG to_II fixed_JJ bed_NN1 depending_II21 on_II22 the_AT substrate_NN1 type_NN1 and_CC concentration_NN1 ._. 
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By_II coupling_NN1 SiSPC_NN1 with_IW a_AT1 mechanically_RR robust_JJ polyimide_NN1 binder_NN1 ,_, more_RRR than_CSN 95%_NNU of_IO the_AT initial_JJ capacity_NN1 is_VBZ retained_VVN after_II 500_MC cycles_NN2 at_II 3500_MC mA_NN1 g–1_NN1 (_( 1C_FO rate_NN1 )_) ._. 
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A_AT1 blade_NN1 mechanism_NN1 spreads_VVZ a_AT1 new_JJ powder_NN1 layer_NN1 onto_II the_AT build_NN1 area_NN1 ,_, where_CS the_AT laser_NN1 beam_NN1 then_RT selectively_RR fuses_NN2 powder_VV0 particles_NN2 together_RL ,_, generating_VVG fully_RR dense_JJ components_NN2 (_( Bremen_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2012_MC )_) ._. 
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The_AT results_NN2 are_VBR presented_VVN in_II Table_NN1 7_MC and_CC for_IF the_AT computation_NN1 of_IO the_AT output_NN1 ,_, the_AT necessary_JJ input_NN1 parameters_NN2 i.e._REX ,_, material_NN1 properties_NN2 and_CC geometrical_JJ parameters_NN2 are_VBR considered_VVN to_TO be_VBI same_DA as_CSA in_II ref_NN1 ._. 
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Therefore_RR ,_, for_IF this_DD1 composite_JJ even_RR after_II long_JJ immersion_NN1 times_NNT2 ,_, numerous_JJ voids_NN2 remain_VV0 inside_II the_AT composites_NN2 (_( see_VV0 Fig_NN1 7b_FO )_) ._. 
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For_IF the_AT modelling_NN1 results_NN2 considering_VVG experimentally_RR determined_JJ dilution_NN1 (_( Fig_NN1 9a_FO )_) ,_, it_PPH1 is_VBZ evident_JJ that_CST the_AT first_MD pass_NN1 leads_VVZ to_II larger_JJR fraction_NN1 of_IO martensite_NN1 in_II the_AT as-deposited_JJ weld_NN1 metal_NN1 than_CSN the_AT other_JJ two_MC passes_NN2 ,_, mainly_RR due_II21 to_II22 the_AT higher_JJR level_NN1 of_IO dilution_NN1 for_IF first_MD pass_NN1 (_( Fig_NN1 5a_FO )_) ._. 
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V10_FO ,_, on_II the_AT other_JJ hand_NN1 ,_, has_VHZ unstable_JJ and_CC large_JJ values_NN2 ,_, with_IW SD1_FO between_II 29.6_MC and_CC 41.3_MC ms_NN1 ,_, and_CC SD2_FO between_II 51.8_MC and_CC 83.2_MC ms_NN1 (_( Figure_NN1 4g_NNU )_) ._. 
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On_II the_AT other_JJ hand_NN1 ,_, in_II the_AT application_NN1 of_IO LCA_NP1 ,_, Yao_NP1 et_RA21 al_RA22 (_( 2017b_FO )_) used_VVD this_DD1 method_NN1 to_TO estimate_VVI GHG_NP1 emission_NN1 of_IO green_JJ manure-based_JJ wheat_NN1 production_NN1 in_II China_NP1 and_CC concluded_VVD that_CST introducing_VVG legume_NN1 green_JJ manure_NN1 is_VBZ a_AT1 highly_RR efficient_JJ measure_NN1 for_IF persistent_JJ GHG_NP1 reduction_NN1 ,_, which_DDQ decreased_VVD GHG_NP1 by_II 38%_NNU for_IF now_RT and_CC 58%_NNU in_II the_AT future_NN1 ._. 
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The_AT final_JJ cost_NN1 for_IF biomethane_NN1 production_NN1 can_VM be_VBI broken_VVN down_RP into_II three_MC major_JJ contributions_NN2 :_: (_( i_ZZ1 )_) biogas_NN2 production_NN1 cost_NN1 ,_, (_( ii_MC )_) upgrading_VVG cost_NN1 and_CC (_( iii_MC )_) cost_VV0 for_IF grid_NN1 injection_NN1 (_( including_II transportation_NN1 from_II the_AT upgrading_NN1 unit_NN1 to_II the_AT grid_NN1 connection_NN1 point_NN1 ,_, gas_NN1 pressurization_NN1 ,_, odorization_NN1 and_CC conditioning_NN1 )_) ._. 
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Fig_NN1 11_MC shows_VVZ the_AT averaged_JJ roughness_NN1 parameters_NN2 (_( Ra_NP1 ,_, Rsk_NP1 ,_, Rku_NP1 ,_, RSm_NP1 and_CC Rt_JJ )_) over_II all_DB treated_JJ samples_NN2 before_II and_CC after_CS vibratory_JJ peening_NN1 ._. 
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As_II such_DA ,_, IBA_NP1 already_RR contains_VVZ significant_JJ amounts_NN2 of_IO calcium_NN1 oxide_NN1 ,_, silica_NN1 and_CC aluminum_NN1 oxide_NN1 ,_, which_DDQ are_VBR important_JJ components_NN2 to_TO be_VBI catalyst_NN1 or_CC catalytic_JJ support_NN1 for_IF reforming_JJ applications_NN2 (_( Qiao_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2009_MC ,_, Wang_NP1 ,_, 2008_MC ,_, Wang_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2016b_FO ,_, Wang_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2016c_FO )_) ._. 
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All_DB electrochemical_JJ measurements_NN2 were_VBDR carried_VVN out_RP using_VVG a_AT1 CHI_NN1 potentiostat_NN1 (_( CH_NN1 Instrument_NN1 ,_, CHI_NP1 660_MC )_) with_IW a_AT1 conventional_JJ three-electrode_JJ system_NN1 consisting_VVG of_IO 1M_NNU KOH_NN1 solution_NN1 as_II the_AT electrolyte_NN1 ,_, nickel_NN1 foam_NN1 and_CC the_AT 3D-NM_FU Ni_NP1 and_CC NiFe_NP1 electrodes_VVZ as_II the_AT working_JJ electrode_NN1 ,_, Ag/AgCl_FU (_( saturated_JJ KCl_NP1 )_) as_II the_AT reference_NN1 electrode_NN1 ,_, and_CC Pt_FO wire_NN1 as_II the_AT counter_NN1 electrode_NN1 ._. 
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This_DD1 work_NN1 was_VBDZ partly_RR supported_VVN by_II the_AT National_JJ Natural_JJ Science_NN1 Foundation_NN1 of_IO China_NP1 (_( NSFC_NP1 )_) of_IO China_NP1 (_( Nos._NN2 21522601_MC ,_, U1508201_FO )_) ,_, the_AT Fundamental_JJ Research_NN1 Funds_NN2 for_IF the_AT Central_JJ Universities_NN2 of_IO China_NP1 (_( DUT16ZD217_FO )_) ,_, and_CC the_AT National_JJ Key_JJ Research_NN1 Development_NN1 Program_NN1 of_IO China_NP1 (_( 2016YFB0101201_FO )_) ._. 
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The_AT fracture_NN1 surface_NN1 morphology_NN1 of_IO the_AT weld_NN1 joint_NN1 obtained_VVN by_II SEM_NP1 is_VBZ depicted_VVN in_II Fig_NN1 11_MC ._. 
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Top_JJ view_NN1 SEM_NN1 images_NN2 ,_, 3D_NNU ,_, and_CC 2D_NNU models_NN2 illustrating_VVG the_AT time-dependent_JJ shape_NN1 evolution_NN1 of_IO Au_FO cuboctahedral_JJ seeds_NN2 along_II the_AT 110_MC orientation_NN1 ._. 
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As_CSA described_VVN in_II the_AT Experimental_JJ Section_NN1 ,_, sample_NN1 B_ZZ1 was_VBDZ subjected_VVN to_II elevated_JJ temperatures_NN2 of_IO up_RG21 to_RG22 650_MC °C_NNU for_IF extended_JJ times_NNT2 ,_, in_II effect_NN1 annealing_VVG the_AT sample_NN1 prior_II21 to_II22 high-temperature_JJ STEM_NN1 imaging_NN1 ._. 
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Yet_RR ,_, the_AT mechanism_NN1 underlying_VVG the_AT sequence_NN1 of_IO Cu3Ge_FO nucleation_NN1 and_CC subsequent_JJ NW_ND1 formation_NN1 remains_VVZ unknown_JJ ._. 
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The_AT voltage_NN1 profile_NN1 was_VBDZ dependent_JJ on_II the_AT area_NN1 of_IO the_AT ion_NN1 gel_NN1 pattern_NN1 because_CS the_AT capacitance_NN1 of_IO the_AT system_NN1 linearly_RR increased_VVN with_IW the_AT ion_NN1 gel_NN1 area_NN1 ._. 
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Fig_NN1 6_MC (_( a_ZZ1 )_) After_II injecting_VVG Lip/Ce6/TPZ_NN1 solution_NN1 into_II the_AT tail_NN1 vein_NN1 ,_, in_RR21 vivo_RR22 fluorescent_JJ images_NN2 of_IO MCF-7_MC tumor-beared_JJ mice_NN2 were_VBDR detected_VVN at_II different_JJ time_NNT1 points_NN2 ._. 
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Subsequently_RR ,_, the_AT out-of-plane_JJ component_NN1 w_ZZ1 (_( x_ZZ1 ,_, y_ZZ1 )_) is_VBZ retrieved_VVN by_II exploiting_VVG the_AT topographic_JJ information_NN1 of_IO the_AT two_MC loading_NN1 configurations_NN2 ._. 
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Efficient_JJ charge-to-spin_JJ density_NN1 conversion_NN1 has_VHZ been_VBN predicted_VVN theoretically_RR 1,2_MC and_CC realized_VVN experimentally_RR in_II TIs7,8_FO ._. 
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There_EX are_VBR multiple_JJ approximations_NN2 associated_VVN with_IW our_APPGE classical_JJ nucleation_NN1 theory_NN1 approach_NN1 ._. 
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The_AT water_NN1 slurry_NN1 was_VBDZ dried_VVN in_II the_AT oven_NN1 at_II 105_MC °C_NNU for_IF 48_MC h_ZZ1 and_CC then_RT homogenized_VVD by_II mortar_NN1 grinding_NN1 ._. 
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Vin_NN1 =_FO 1.5_MC V_NNU ,_, the_AT MoS2_FO channel_NN1 starts_VVZ to_TO turn_VVI on_RP ,_, with_IW higher_JJR conductance_NN1 than_CSN the_AT rest_NN1 of_IO the_AT channel_NN1 ,_, and_CC it_PPH1 exhibits_VVZ a_AT1 medium_JJ value_NN1 of_IO Vout-0.55_MC V_NNU ,_, corresponding_VVG to_II a_AT1 partition_NN1 of_IO voltage_NN1 between_II the_AT load_NN1 BP2_FO FET_NN1 and_CC BP1_FO FET_VV0 together_RL with_IW the_AT MoS2_FO FET_NN1 ._. 
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The_AT viability_NN1 and_CC proliferation_NN1 of_IO spheroids_NN2 on_II HE_PPHS1 S_VBZ 60_MC ,_, 100_MC ,_, 220_MC ,_, 320_MC ,_, and_CC 1000_MC were_VBDR investigated_VVN on_II days_NNT2 3_MC and_CC 7_MC ._. 
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FORMULAS_NN2 ,_, where_CS AB_FO and_CC AS_CSA are_VBR the_AT cross-section_NN1 areas_NN2 of_IO SHPB_NP1 bars_NN2 and_CC specimen_NN1 ,_, respectively_RR ,_, EB_NP1 is_VBZ the_AT elastic_JJ modulus_NN1 of_IO the_AT bar_NN1 material_NN1 ,_, CB_FO is_VBZ the_AT velocity_NN1 of_IO the_AT elastic_JJ wave_NN1 in_II the_AT bar_NN1 ,_, LS_NP2 is_VBZ the_AT initial_JJ length_NN1 of_IO the_AT specimen_NN1 and_CC t_ZZ1 is_VBZ time_NNT1 ._. 
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Fig_NN1 10_MC Measured_VVD FRFs_NP1 of_IO cutter_NN1 and_CC workpiece_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Fig_NN1 5a_FO shows_VVZ a_AT1 comparison_NN1 of_IO before/after_RT ADT_NP1 of_IO GR/PtML_NP1 and_CC their_APPGE PtML_NP1 counterparts_NN2 ._. 
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The_AT VOC_NN1 of_IO the_AT iTENGs_NN2 with_IW and_CC without_IW NIR_NP1 were_VBDR recorded_VVN in_II Fig_NN1 3b_FO ._. 
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<s>
As_CSA noted_VVN by_II Mac_NP1 Dowell_NP1 and_CC Fajardy40_FO and_CC Bui_NP1 et_NP1 al.13_FO less_RRR efficient_JJ power_NN1 plant_NN1 remove_VV0 more_DAR CO2_FO per_II year_NNT1 or_CC per_II MW_NNU he_PPHS1 generated_VVD than_CSN their_APPGE more_RGR efficient_JJ counterparts_NN2 ._. 
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In_II both_RR OPV_NP1 and_CC OLED_JJ applications_NN2 ,_, the_AT charge_NN1 transport_NN1 pathways_NN2 are_VBR not_XX macroscopic_JJ being_NN1 of_IO order_NN1 100–1000_MCMC nm_FU (_( i.e._REX ,_, the_AT distance_NN1 between_II electrodes_NN2 in_II a_AT1 thin_JJ film_NN1 diode_NN1 architecture_NN1 )_) ._. 
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<s>
Here_RL ,_, our_APPGE western_JJ blot_NN1 result_NN1 also_RR showed_VVD the_AT increased_JJ phosphorylated_VVD p44/42_FU MAPK_NP1 (_( ERK1/2_FU )_) expression_NN1 on_II the_AT CN_NP1 (_( Figure_NN1 3K_FO )_) ._. 
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<s>
Taguchi_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 1979a_FO ,_, Taguchi_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 1979b_FO found_VVN that_CST under_II most_DAT process_VV0 conditions_NN2 in_II PTA_NP1 and_CC Tungsten_NN1 Inert_JJ Gas_NN1 (_( TIG_NP1 )_) welding_VVG the_AT filler_NN1 wire_NN1 is_VBZ transferred_VVN to_II the_AT work_NN1 piece_NN1 by_II momentarily_RR bridging_VVG the_AT gap_NN1 between_II melt_NN1 pool_NN1 and_CC wire_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT scanning_NN1 electron_NN1 microscope_NN1 (_( SEM_NP1 )_) image_NN1 (_( inset_VVN in_II Figure_NN1 1b_FO )_) shows_VVZ that_CST two_MC FEP_NN1 films_NN2 and_CC one_MC1 Ecoflex_NN1 film_NN1 at_II the_AT middle_NN1 (_( with_IW 2_MC mm_NNU circular_JJ holes_NN2 on_II the_AT Ecoflex_NN1 film_NN1 )_) are_VBR bonded_VVN together_RL to_TO form_VVI the_AT sandwich_NN1 structure_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Instead_II21 of_II22 systematizing_VVG features_NN2 of_IO the_AT average_JJ structure_NN1 ,_, these_DD2 approaches_NN2 should_VM account_VVI for_IF the_AT heterogeneous_JJ variation_NN1 of_IO symmetryand_NN1 therefore_RR fundamental_JJ behaviourthroughout_NN1 the_AT bulk_NN1 material_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT results_NN2 ,_, presented_VVN in_II Table_NN1 1_MC1 ,_, show_VV0 that_CST metasurfaces_NN2 can_VM effectively_RR compensate_VVI the_AT dispersion_NN1 in_II the_AT range_NN1 600–800_MCMC nm_FU ._. 
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<s>
Photo-induced_JJ anisotropy_NN1 of_IO the_AT Azo/f-PI_NN1 assembly_NN1 is_VBZ higher_JJR or_CC comparable_JJ with_IW LC_NP1 polymer_NN1 films_NN2 under_II similar_JJ conditions_NN2 &lsqb;_( 18,21_MC ,_, &lsqb;_( 44_MC &rsqb;_) ,_, &lsqb;_( 45_MC &rsqb;_) ,_, &lsqb;_( 46_MC &rsqb;_) &rsqb;_) ,_, indicating_VVG high_JJ molecular_JJ orientation_NN1 of_IO the_AT Azo_NN1 groups_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
As_CSA reported_VVN ,_, the_AT introduction_NN1 of_IO inorganic_JJ nanoparticles_NN2 in_II XLPE_NP1 would_VM form_VVI a_AT1 large_JJ amount_NN1 of_IO deep_JJ traps_NN2 to_TO reduce_VVI the_AT amount_NN1 of_IO free_JJ electrons_NN2 ,_, and_CC the_AT interface_NN1 between_II the_AT nanoparticles_NN2 and_CC XLPE_NN1 would_VM form_VVI the_AT charged_JJ region_NN1 and_CC scatter_VVI the_AT free_JJ electrons_NN2 to_TO reduce_VVI the_AT energy_NN1 of_IO free_JJ electrons_NN2 ,_, resulting_VVG in_II the_AT increase_NN1 of_IO the_AT DC_NP1 breakdown_NN1 strength_NN1 of_IO the_AT nanocomposites_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
All_DB groups_NN2 retained_VVD non-degraded_JJ scaffold_NN1 structures_NN2 by_II the_AT final_JJ eight-week_JJ time_NNT1 point_NN1 (_( Fig_NN1 4i_FO ,_, j_ZZ1 )_) ._. 
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<s>
This_DD1 result_NN1 implies_VVZ that_CST the_AT more_RGR local_JJ governments_NN2 attempt_VV0 to_TO fund_VVI waste_NN1 cleaning_NN1 activities_NN2 by_II generating_JJ revenue_NN1 rather_II21 than_II22 securing_VVG their_APPGE budget_NN1 allocations_NN2 from_II the_AT general_JJ budget_NN1 ,_, the_AT more_DAR citizens_NN2 bear_VV0 the_AT cost_NN1 of_IO the_AT VWF_NP1 ._. 
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<s>
All_DB excited_JJ state_NN1 calculations_NN2 were_VBDR performed_VVN with_IW the_AT Q-chem_NN1 4_MC package58_FO ._. 
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<s>
While_CS these_DD2 materials_NN2 are_VBR yet_RR to_TO be_VBI investigated_VVN extensively_RR to_TO realize_VVI their_APPGE full_JJ potential_NN1 ,_, the_AT ORR_NN1 activities_NN2 of_IO some_DD more_DAR materials_NN2 of_IO this_DD1 family_NN1 will_VM be_VBI discussed_VVN in_II the_AT context_NN1 of_IO their_APPGE ORR-OER_JJ bifunctional_JJ activity_NN1 ._. 
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On_II both_DB2 sides_NN2 of_IO pellets_NN2 a_AT1 thin_JJ layer_NN1 of_IO silver_NN1 is_VBZ deposited_VVN by_II thermal_JJ evaporation_NN1 in_BCL21 order_BCL22 to_TO insure_VVI an_AT1 ohmic_JJ contact_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Second_MD ,_, -CD-NC_NP1 (_( 0.70_MC g_NNU )_) was_VBDZ dissolved_VVN in_II dimethyl_NN1 formamide_NN1 (_( 15_MC mL_NNU )_) ,_, and_CC then_RT triethylamine_VV0 (_( 0.5_MC mL_NNU )_) and_CC triethylenetetramine_NN1 (_( 0.9_MC mL_NNU )_) was_VBDZ added_VVN slowly_RR ._. 
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<s>
The_AT charge_NN1 contributions_NN2 from_II capacitance_NN1 and_CC intercalated_JJ charge_NN1 at_II 2.0_MC V_NNU for_IF NiS2@C_FO and_CC NiS2@C@C_FO anode_NN1 at_II several_DA2 of_IO scan_NN1 rates_NN2 from_II 0.1_MC to_II 2_MC mV_NNU s-1_FO ._. 
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Fig_NN1 5_MC :_: NP_NP1 diffusivity_NN1 can_VM be_VBI ranked_VVN by_II the_AT strength_NN1 of_IO non-specific_JJ interactions_NN2 ._. 
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Fig_NN1 1_MC1 illustrates_VVZ the_AT fabrication_NN1 of_IO HE_PPHS1 S_VBZ using_VVG synthetic_JJ hydrogels_NN2 for_IF spontaneous_JJ spheroid_JJ formation_NN1 of_IO stem_NN1 cells_NN2 ._. 
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Based_VVN on_II Eq_NN1 ._. 
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(_( 2_MC )_) ,_, the_AT threshold_NN1 stress_NN1 is_VBZ calculated_VVN by_II plotting_VVG ε1nvs_FO ._. 
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Similarly_RR ,_, Ni_NP1 does_VDZ not_XX significantly_RR affect_VVI the_AT hardening_NN1 provided_VVN by_II the_AT Al3Sc_FO precipitates_VVZ ,_, despite_II the_AT presence_NN1 of_IO 0.14–0.17_MCMC at%_FO Ni_NP1 in_II the_AT Al3Sc_FO nano-precipitates_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
From_II the_AT K–L_NN1 plots_NN2 ,_, n_ZZ1 is_VBZ calculated_VVN to_TO be_VBI about_RG 3.97_MC ,_, demonstrating_VVG a_AT1 direct_JJ fourelectron_NN1 transfer_NN1 process_NN1 in_II the_AT PCoSe2/NC_NP1 catalyst_NN1 toward_II the_AT ORR_NN1 ._. 
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Values_NN2 are_VBR given_VVN as_CSA mean_JJ ±_FO s.d_NNU ._. 
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<s>
The_AT perovskite_NN1 absorber_NN1 was_VBDZ prepared_VVN according_II21 to_II22 the_AT literature.22_FO MAI_NP1 and_CC PbI2_FO (_( 1:1_MC ,_, mol:mol_FO )_) were_VBDR dissolved_VVN in_II the_AT mixed_JJ anhydrous_JJ DMF:DMSO_FO 4:1(v:v)_FO with_IW a_AT1 concentration_NN1 of_IO 1.1_MC m_NNO ._. 
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<s>
To_TO prepare_VVI the_AT heterojunction_NN1 perovskite_NN1 ,_, the_AT IDIC_NP1 was_VBDZ predissolved_VVN in_II the_AT dripping_NN1 solvent_NN1 of_IO EA_NP1 varying_VVG the_AT concentration_NN1 from_II 0.015_MC to_II 0.06_MC mg_NNU mL-1_MC1 ._. 
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<s>
Interfacedominated_JJ materials_NN2 such_II21 as_II22 nanocrystalline_NN1 thin_JJ films_NN2 have_VH0 emerged_VVN as_II an_AT1 enthralling_JJ class_NN1 of_IO materials_NN2 able_JK to_TO engineer_VVI functional_JJ properties_NN2 of_IO transition_NN1 metal_NN1 oxides_NN2 widely_RR used_VVN in_II energy_NN1 and_CC information_NN1 technologies_NN2 ._. 
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We_PPIS2 next_MD examined_VVD the_AT effect_NN1 of_IO NIRmediated_JJ direct_JJ intracellular_JJ calcium_NN1 regulation_NN1 on_II the_AT in_JJ21 vivo_JJ22 differentiation_NN1 of_IO hMSCs_NNU into_II chondrocytes_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT locally_RR expressed_VVN IL-22_MC by_II PDPIA_NP1 activated_VVD STAT3/Erk_NP1 signal_NN1 transduction_NN1 ,_, and_CC thus_RR promoted_VVN hepatocyte_NN1 regeneration_NN1 ,_, inhibited_VVD reactive_JJ oxygen_NN1 species_NN (_( ROS_NP1 )_) accumulation_NN1 as_RG well_RR as_CSA prevented_VVN the_AT dysfunction_NN1 of_IO mitochondrial_JJ ._. 
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The_AT scanning_NN1 electron_NN1 microscopy_NN1 (_( SEM_NP1 )_) image_NN1 in_II Figure_NN1 1b_FO shows_VVZ that_CST these_DD2 flakes_NN2 were_VBDR assembled_VVN into_II a_AT1 uniform_JJ film_NN1 ,_, displaying_VVG a_AT1 flat_JJ surface_NN1 without_IW noticeable_JJ defects_NN2 ._. 
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The_AT Bayesian_JJ calibration_NN1 is_VBZ applied_VVN to_II the_AT RVE_NN1 simulator_NN1 to_TO identify_VVI the_AT mesoscopic_JJ yarn_NN1 material_NN1 properties_NN2 ,_, which_DDQ are_VBR difficult_JJ to_TO be_VBI directly_RR measured_VVN via_II physical_JJ tests_NN2 ._. 
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Fig_NN1 7a_FO and_CC b_ZZ1 shows_VVZ the_AT compression_NN1 stress-strain_NN1 curves_NN2 for_IF selected_JJ specimens_NN2 ._. 
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A_AT1 gap_NN1 between_II the_AT two_MC plates_NN2 was_VBDZ 3_MC and_CC 1_MC1 mm_NNU for_IF a_AT1 released_JJ and_CC pressed_JJ state_NN1 ,_, respectively_RR ._. 
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The_AT Almen_NP1 strips_NN2 processed_VVN in_II this_DD1 study_NN1 were_VBDR A-type_NN1 (_( 76_MC ×_II 19_MC ×_II 0.8_MC mm_NNU )_) ,_, 1-S-grade_NN1 (_( hardness_NN1 HRC_NP1 45-48_MCMC )_) strips_VVZ ,_, as_CSA specified_VVN in_II standard_JJ SAE_NN1 J442_FO ._. 
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<s>
If_CS any_DD hydrogen_NN1 is_VBZ escaping_VVG from_II the_AT trapping_NN1 sites_NN2 this_DD1 long_RR after_II charging_VVG ,_, it_PPH1 is_VBZ in_II small_JJ enough_DD volume_NN1 to_TO be_VBI imperceptible_JJ to_II the_AT hot_JJ glycerin_NN1 measurement_NN1 technique_NN1 ._. 
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This_DD1 improvement_NN1 can_VM be_VBI attributed_VVN to_II the_AT enhanced_JJ hole_NN1 extraction_NN1 and_CC reduced_JJ charge_NN1 accumulation_NN1 at_II the_AT perovskite_NN1 |_NULL HTM_NP1 interface_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT SnSe_NN1 layers_NN2 in_II compounds_NN2 with_IW m_ZZ1 =_FO 2_MC distort_VV0 ,_, forming_VVG pairs_NN2 of_IO atomic_JJ planes_NN2 referred_VVN to_II in_II the_AT following_JJ as_CSA bilayers_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
It_PPH1 is_VBZ worth_II noting_VVG that_CST during_II the_AT cell_NN1 attachment_NN1 and_CC detachment_NN1 process_NN1 ,_, ASCs_NN2 kept_VVD a_AT1 rounded_JJ profile_NN1 ._. 
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The_AT mixture_NN1 was_VBDZ dried_VVN and_CC calcined_VVN at_II 850_MC °C_NNU for_IF 4_MC h_ZZ1 ._. 
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In_II contrast_NN1 ,_, for_IF the_AT cell_NN1 with_IW the_AT HPC-N0_JJ sample_NN1 ,_, the_AT sulfur_NN1 reflection_NN1 persists_VVZ nearly_RR to_II the_AT beginning_NN1 of_IO the_AT second_MD lower_JJR plateau_NN1 (_( 25%_NNU DOD_NN1 )_) and_CC covers_VVZ the_AT regions_NN2 I_ZZ1 and_CC II_MC ._. 
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In_II such_DA a_AT1 scenario_NN1 ,_, rapid_JJ oral_JJ delivery_NN1 of_IO progesterone_NN1 is_VBZ preferred_VVN ._. 
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In_RR21 addition_RR22 ,_, one_MC1 isosbestic_JJ point_NN1 of_IO mixture_NN1 was_VBDZ observed_VVN at_II =_FO 314_MC nm_FU ,_, which_DDQ indicated_VVD the_AT presence_NN1 of_IO two_MC absorbing_JJ species_NN in_II water_NN1 ._. 
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An_AT1 EM_FU can_VM be_VBI seen_VVN neither_RR in_II the_AT M@M_FO case_NN1 nor_CC the_AT S@M_FO case_NN1 ,_, highlighting_VVG the_AT high_JJ selectivity_NN1 for_IF metallic_JJ outer_JJ walls_NN2 ._. 
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The_AT amount_NN1 of_IO OVA_NN2 was_VBDZ determined_VVN using_VVG High_JJ Sensitive_JJ Ovalbumin_NN1 (_( OVA_NN2 )_) ELISA_NP1 Kit_NN1 ,_, according_II21 to_II22 the_AT manufacturer_NN1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 instructions_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
It_PPH1 seems_VVZ that_CST the_AT nanoscale_NN1 clusters_NN2 shown_VVN in_II Fig_NN1 5(b)_FO are_VBR formed_VVN from_II the_AT ordered_JJ aggregation_NN1 of_IO interstitial_JJ atoms_NN2 ,_, which_DDQ may_VM relate_VVI to_II the_AT non-equilibrium_JJ intercalation_NN1 of_IO Cu_FO ions_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
An_AT1 analysis_NN1 of_IO strengthening_VVG mechanisms_NN2 quantitatively_RR established_VVN for_IF the_AT first_MD time_NNT1 the_AT important_JJ strengthening_NN1 contribution_NN1 of_IO high_JJ dislocation_NN1 densities_NN2 in_II the_AT materials_NN2 (_( 166–191_MCMC MPa_NP1 )_) to_TO yield_VVI strength_NN1 that_CST ranged_VVD from_II 438_MC to_II 553_MC MPa_NP1 in_II the_AT present_JJ DED_NP1 fabricated_VVD structures_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Interestingly_RR ,_, with_IW the_AT exception_NN1 of_IO the_AT cyano_NN1 group_NN1 ,_, these_DD2 often_RR studied_VVN side_NN1 groups_NN2 do_VD0 not_XX always_RR seem_VVI to_TO have_VHI a_AT1 favorable_JJ effect_NN1 on_II reorganization_NN1 energies_NN2 ,_, with_IW some_DD (_( -CF3_NN1 and_CC -NH2_NN1 )_) even_RR showingon_NN1 averagethe_VV0 opposite_JJ trend_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT powder_NN1 XRD_NP1 patterns_NN2 of_IO the_AT residues_NN2 show_VV0 almost_RR no_AT change_NN1 in_II comparison_NN1 to_II the_AT original_JJ patterns_NN2 ,_, which_DDQ further_RRR verifies_VVZ their_APPGE congruent-melting_JJ property_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
A_AT1 small_JJ individual-_NN1 or_CC family-size_JJ floating_JJ still_RR does_VDZ not_XX require_VVI larger_JJR community_NN1 cooperation_NN1 or_CC external_JJ control_NN1 over_II fair_JJ distribution_NN1 of_IO distilled_JJ water_NN1 ,_, making_VVG it_PPH1 a_AT1 fast-to-deploy_VV0 ,_, simple-to-use_NN1 ,_, and_CC conflict-free_JJ technology_NN1 for_IF disaster_NN1 relief_NN1 missions_NN2 and_CC sparsely-populated_JJ areas_NN2 ._. 
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The_AT starting_NN1 point_NN1 in_II our_APPGE investigation_NN1 of_IO PbI2_FO ALD_NN1 was_VBDZ the_AT chemistry_NN1 first_MD introduced_VVN by_II Pilvi_NP1 et_RA21 al_RA22 for_IF the_AT ALD_NN1 of_IO metal_NN1 fluorides_NN2 ._. 
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The_AT analytical_JJ and_CC testing_VVG center_NN1 of_IO Huazhong_NP1 University_NN1 of_IO Science_NN1 and_CC Technology_NN1 was_VBDZ acknowledged_VVN for_IF the_AT TEM_NN1 and_CC Raman_NN1 investigations_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Comparing_VVG the_AT data_NN on_II shielding_VVG terms_NN2 SER_NN1 ,_, SEA_NN1 and_CC SET_VVD ,_, it_PPH1 can_VM be_VBI concluded_VVN that_CST the_AT maximal_JJ SET_NN1 is_VBZ mainly_RR related_VVN to_II the_AT high_JJ absorption_NN1 term_NN1 SEA_NN1 and_CC explained_VVN by_II the_AT high_JJ content_NN1 (_( 20_MC vol%_FO )_) of_IO conductive_JJ particles_NN2 -_- Cu_FO or_CC A/Cu_FU ,_, which_DDQ effectively_RR interact_VV0 with_IW electromagnetic_JJ waves_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
However_RR ,_, with_IW a_AT1 small_JJ sample_NN1 of_IO 59_MC ,_, that_DD1 study_NN1 did_VDD not_XX explore_VVI the_AT effect_NN1 of_IO other_JJ influential_JJ factors_NN2 on_II their_APPGE WTP_NP1 ._. 
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<s>
This_DD1 procedure_NN1 is_VBZ thought_VVN to_TO reduce_VVI the_AT intramedullary_JJ pressure_NN1 in_II the_AT femoral_JJ head_NN1 and_CC ,_, by_II inducing_VVG local_JJ bone_NN1 trauma_NN1 ,_, trigger_NN1 revascularization_NN1 ,_, bone_NN1 formation_NN1 and_CC remodeling_VVG &lsqb;_( 5_MC &rsqb;_) ._. 
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<s>
Next_MD ,_, we_PPIS2 performed_VVD an_AT1 in_JJ21 vivo_JJ22 migration_NN1 assay_NN1 to_TO assess_VVI whether_CSW MSCs_NN2 loaded_VVN with_IW PcS_NNU2 (_( MSC-PcS_NN2 )_) would_VM home_RL to_TO xenograft_VVI tumors_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT influence_NN1 of_IO intumescent_JJ paint_NN1 on_II FRP_NP1 bars_VVZ performance_NN1 under_II elevated_JJ temperatures_NN2 were_VBDR investigated_VVN ._. 
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However_RR ,_, BIC_NP1 for_IF the_AT Ti-coated_JJ PEEK_NN1 interface_NN1 was_VBDZ greater_JJR than_CSN the_AT BIC_NP1 along_II the_AT pore_NN1 walls_NN2 within_II the_AT porous_JJ PEEK_NN1 architecture_NN1 (_( 14.2_MC ±_FO 4.6%_FO ,_, p_ZZ1 =_FO 0.05_MC )_) ._. 
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Figure_VV0 1_MC1 :_: Schematic_JJ of_IO the_AT experimental_JJ set-up_NN1 and_CC sample_NN1 structure_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Finally_RR ,_, the_AT second_MD moment_NN1 of_IO misorientation_NN1 increment_NN1 is_VBZ calculated_VVN by_II integrating_VVG the_AT intragranular_JJ fluctuations_NN2 of_IO lattice_NN1 rotation_NN1 rate_NN1 and_CC is_VBZ utilized_VVN for_IF updating_VVG of_IO the_AT second_MD moment_NN1 of_IO misorientation_NN1 vectors_NN2 for_IF the_AT next_MD time_NNT1 increment_NN1 ._. 
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In_II comparison_NN1 ,_, the_AT peak_NN1 was_VBDZ considerably_RR weaker_JJR at_II 1.50_MC V._II These_DD2 ICPMS_NN2 and_CC XPS_NP1 results_NN2 confirmed_VVD that_CST the_AT soluble_JJ longchain_NN1 polysulfides_NN2 are_VBR reversibly_RR captured_VVN and_CC released_VVN by_II the_AT VF–PE_NP1 separator_NN1 via_II an_AT1 anion_NN1 exchange_NN1 reaction_NN1 with_IW the_AT TFSI-_JJ anions_NN2 of_IO the_AT PVIm&lsqb;TFSI&rsqb;_NP1 as_II a_AT1 function_NN1 of_IO DOD_NN1 ._. 
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We_PPIS2 show_VV0 that_CST the_AT CNEA_NN1 simultaneously_RR records_VVZ intracellular_JJ membrane_NN1 potentials_NN2 of_IO hundreds_NNO2 of_IO connected_JJ in_JJ21 vitro_JJ22 neonatal_JJ rat_NN1 ventricular_JJ cardiomyocytes_NN2 ._. 
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When_CS the_AT pixel_NN1 was_VBDZ under_II illumination_NN1 ,_, the_AT resistance_NN1 of_IO the_AT perovskite_NN1 film_NN1 dramatically_RR decreased_VVN ,_, leading_VVG to_II the_AT enhancement_NN1 of_IO the_AT terminal_JJ voltage_NN1 on_II the_AT external_JJ resistor_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Our_APPGE findings_NN2 are_VBR complemented_VVN by_II pulsed_JJ switching_JJ Hall_NN1 measurements_NN2 and_CC micromagnetic_JJ simulations_NN2 ,_, which_DDQ disclose_VV0 the_AT role_NN1 of_IO the_AT field-like_JJ torque_NN1 in_II determining_VVG the_AT nucleation_NN1 and_CC domain_NN1 wall_NN1 dynamics_NN as_II31 well_II32 as_II33 the_AT roles_NN2 of_IO the_AT damping-like_JJ torque_NN1 and_CC the_AT DMI_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Dwivedi_NP1 et_RA21 al_RA22 (_( 2014_MC )_) showed_VVD that_CST a_AT1 high_JJ porosity_NN1 content_NN1 in_II the_AT TBC_NP1 would_VM favor_VVI low_JJ thermal_JJ conductivity_NN1 ,_, better_JJR strain_NN1 tolerance_NN1 but_CCB result_VV0 in_II inferior_JJ fracture_NN1 toughness_NN1 which_DDQ could_VM affect_VVI the_AT erosion_NN1 resistance_NN1 of_IO the_AT TBC_NP1 ,_, given_VVN the_AT same_DA material_NN1 and_CC microstructure_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
From_II Figure_NN1 7a_FO ,_, b_ZZ1 ,_, the_AT measured_JJ HO2–_JJ yield_NN1 for_IF Co3O4_FO is_VBZ about_RG 20%_NNU and_CC the_AT electron_NN1 transfer_NN1 number_NN1 (_( n_ZZ1 )_) is_VBZ in_II the_AT range_NN1 of_IO 3.60–3.70_MCMC ,_, whereas_CS the_AT measured_JJ HO2–_JJ yield_NN1 for_CS Co3O4/Au_FU is_VBZ about_RG 10%_NNU and_CC n_ZZ1 ranges_VVZ in_II 3.75–3.85_MCMC ._. 
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Then_RT ,_, the_AT electrodes_NN2 were_VBDR prepared_VVN by_II the_AT doctor-blade_JJ method_NN1 and_CC assembled_VVN with_IW Li-metal_NN1 in_II coin_NN1 cells_NN2 ._. 
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Dye_NP1 was_VBDZ degraded_VVN using_VVG CuO_NN1 nanoparticles_NN2 to_TO measure_VVI their_APPGE catalytic_JJ activity_NN1 ._. 
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Ionization_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 variety_NN1 of_IO target_NN1 compounds_NN2 ,_, such_II21 as_II22 dimethyl_NN1 methylphosphonate_NN1 (_( DMMP_NP1 )_) ,_, hexylamine_NN1 and_CC trinitrotoluene_NN1 (_( TNT_NN1 )_) ,_, was_VBDZ readily_RR achieved_VVN in_II either_RR positive_JJ or_CC negative_JJ mode_NN1 via_II this_DD1 plasma_NN1 (_( Supplementary_JJ Figs_NN2 12_MC and_CC 13_MC )_) ._. 
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For_IF comparison_NN1 ,_, we_PPIS2 obtained_VVD the_AT LHE_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 BiVO4/ZnO_NN1 bilayer_NN1 film_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Fig_NN1 6_MC Mechanical_JJ properties_NN2 (_( a_ZZ1 )_) ,_, porosity_NN1 and_CC density_NN1 (_( b_ZZ1 )_) ,_, and_CC water_NN1 contact_NN1 angles_NN2 (_( c_ZZ1 ,_, d_ZZ1 )_) of_IO elecrospun_NN1 neat_JJ PBS_NP1 membrane_NN1 ,_, and_CC PBS_NP1 composite_JJ nanofiber_NN1 membranes_NN2 reinforced_VVN with_IW CNC_NP1 at_II loadings_NN2 of_IO 0.5_MC ,_, 1_MC1 ,_, 3_MC ,_, and_CC 5_MC wt%_FO ._. 
</s>
<s>
Inset_NN1 of_IO (_( c_ZZ1 )_) ,_, TEM_NP1 image_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 single_JJ islandonAg@AuNP_FO ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT lowest_JJT values_NN2 for_IF peak_NN1 (_( 12.9_MC mm_NNU )_) and_CC permanent_JJ (_( 4.6_MC mm_NNU )_) deflections_NN2 were_VBDR obtained_VVN in_II31 case_II32 of_II33 the_AT composite_JJ materials_NN2 with_IW a_AT1 greater_JJR number_NN1 of_IO the_AT carbon_NN1 fabric_NN1 plies_VVZ with_IW fiber_NN1 orientation_NN1 at_II 0°_NNU (_( 1F_RA )_) ._. 
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<s>
The_AT intervalley_NN1 scattering_NN1 is_VBZ essentially_RR independent_JJ of_IO temperature_NN1 (_( Supplementary_JJ Section_NN1 Weak_JJ localization_NN1 )_) ._. 
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<s>
The_AT cell_NN1 culture_NN1 plates_NN2 were_VBDR conditioned_VVN in_II 5%_NNU CO2_FO at_II 37_MC °C_NNU ,_, and_CC the_AT medium_NN1 was_VBDZ changed_VVN every_AT1 2_MC days_NNT2 ._. 
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<s>
Conversely_RR ,_, Pyr2ndc+a_FO is_VBZ promoted_VVN for_IF this_DD1 loading_NN1 mode_NN1 (_( Fig_NN1 7B_FO )_) ._. 
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<s>
In_II the_AT static_JJ spin-coating_JJ technique_NN1 ,_, the_AT effective_JJ organic_JJ concentration_NN1 of_IO the_AT precursor_NN1 solution_NN1 is_VBZ highly_RR dependent_JJ on_II the_AT evaporation_NN1 of_IO the_AT precursor_NN1 solvent_NN1 (_( IPA_NP1 )_) ,_, which_DDQ induces_VVZ an_AT1 inconsistent_JJ organic_JJ concentration_NN1 at_II the_AT solid/solution_NN1 interface_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
New_JJ synthesis_NN1 methodologies_NN2 allow_VV0 for_IF a_AT1 control_NN1 of_IO the_AT physical_JJ characteristics_NN2 of_IO zeolite_NN1 layers_NN2 ,_, and_CC subsequent_JJ exploitation_NN1 in_II a_AT1 range_NN1 of_IO chemical_JJ applications_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Mg1_FO ,_, Ca1_FO ,_, Sr1_FO ,_, and_CC Ba1_FO are_VBR coordinated_VVN by_II 6_MC ,_, 6_MC ,_, 6_MC ,_, and_CC 8_MC N_NNU atoms_NN2 ,_, respectively_RR (_( Fig_NN1 2a_FO )_) ._. 
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<s>
The_AT Fig_NN1 8_MC displays_VVZ the_AT calculated_JJ IEC_NP1 values_NN2 of_IO the_AT bare_JJ and_CC modified_JJ membranes_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Collectively_RR ,_, these_DD2 results_NN2 confirmed_VVD that_CST the_AT HB5_FO aptamer_NN1 mediated_VVD drug-delivery_JJ system_NN1 is_VBZ effective_JJ for_IF the_AT enhanced_JJ cellular_JJ uptake_NN1 and_CC consequently_RR raised_VVN apoptosis-inducing_JJ activity_NN1 specific_JJ to_II HER2-overexpressing_JJ tumor_NN1 cells_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT plane_NN1 strain_NN1 state_NN1 dominates_VVZ the_AT shape_NN1 and_CC the_AT deformation_NN1 in_II the_AT plastic_NN1 zone_NN1 if_CS the_AT sample_NN1 thickness_NN1 is_VBZ large_JJ compared_VVN to_II the_AT plastic_NN1 zone_NN1 size_NN1 ,_, which_DDQ is_VBZ well_RR fulfilled_VVN if_CS B=10rpl_FO ._. 
</s>
<s>
To_TO explore_VVI the_AT effects_NN2 of_IO the_AT orienting_NN1 of_IO fillers_NN2 and_CC the_AT interfacial_JJ modification_NN1 on_II the_AT mechanical_JJ properties_NN2 of_IO the_AT composite_JJ ,_, typical_JJ stress-strain_JJ curves_NN2 of_IO PVA_NN1 ,_, and_CC the_AT PVA_NN1 composites_NN2 are_VBR showed_VVN in_II Fig_NN1 6b_FO ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT different_JJ illumination_NN1 intensities_NN2 bring_VV0 different_JJ values_NN2 of_IO temperature_NN1 rise_NN1 and_CC hence_RR change_VV0 the_AT values_NN2 of_IO maximum_JJ percentage_NN1 opening_NN1 ,_, as_CSA shown_VVN in_II Figure_NN1 3d_NNU ._. 
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<s>
Thus_RR ,_, it_PPH1 is_VBZ necessary_JJ and_CC important_JJ to_TO make_VVI a_AT1 new_JJ summarization_NN1 of_IO the_AT most_RGT recent_JJ advances_NN2 in_II this_DD1 field_NN1 to_TO review_VVI its_APPGE growing_JJ tendency_NN1 and_CC more_RGR importantly_RR ,_, to_TO guide_VVI researchers_NN2 to_TO promote_VVI the_AT development_NN1 of_IO this_DD1 field_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT inner_JJ end_NN1 consists_VVZ of_IO bristles_NN2 ,_, each_DD1 one_PN1 formed_VVD by_II a_AT1 separate_JJ tubule_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
CuAl2-CuAl-Al4Cu9_NP1 laminated_JJ layer_NN1 forms_VVZ at_II the_AT hook_NN1 interface_NN1 at_II high_JJ heat_NN1 input_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Unlike_JJ supramolecular_JJ containers_NN2 or_CC solid-state_JJ materials_NN2 ,_, however_RR ,_, the_AT supraspheres_NN2 feature_VV0 capping-ligand_JJ shells_NN2 that_CST serves_VVZ as_RG tunable_JJ gates_NN2 for_IF the_AT chemoselective_JJ uptake_NN1 (_( concentration_NN1 )_) of_IO targeted_JJ molecular_JJ guests_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Results_NN2 showed_VVD that_DD1 oxygen_NN1 content_NN1 slightly_RR altered_VVD the_AT "_" /_FO β_NULL phase_NN1 proportion_NN1 and_CC β_NULL phase_NN1 crystalline_JJ parameter_NN1 without_IW abruptly_RR changing_VVG their_APPGE microstructure_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
As_CSA shown_VVN in_II Fig_NN1 8b_FO ,_, the_AT optical_JJ band_NN1 gap_NN1 energy_NN1 was_VBDZ calculated_VVN by_II the_AT plots_NN2 of_IO (_( h_ZZ1 )_) 2_MC versus_II h_ZZ1 ,_, and_CC those_DD2 of_IO CN_NP1 ,_, CoCN_NP1 are_VBR 2.70_MC eV_NN1 and_CC 2.55_MC eV_NN1 ,_, respectively_RR ._. 
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Fig_NN1 3_MC :_: Effect_NN1 of_IO NC_NP1 size_NN1 and_CC doping_NN1 concentration_NN1 on_II electrochemical_JJ LSPR_NP1 modulation_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
This_DD1 exploratory_JJ attempt_NN1 is_VBZ expected_VVN to_TO pave_VVI a_AT1 new_JJ direction_NN1 for_IF application_NN1 of_IO solid-state_JJ hydrogen_NN1 storage_NN1 materials_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
This_DD1 test_NN1 emphasized_VVD how_RGQ high_JJ plastic_NN1 strains_NN2 occurring_VVG on_II the_AT area_NN1 where_CS the_AT indentation_NN1 is_VBZ applied_VVN cause_VV0 the_AT DIC_JJ algorithm_NN1 to_TO fail_VVI ,_, while_CS the_AT same_DA algorithm_NN1 worked_VVD soundly_RR just_RR beyond_II the_AT indentation_NN1 area_NN1 ,_, where_CS the_AT displacement_NN1 gradients_NN2 (_( for_IF all_DB the_AT three_MC components_NN2 )_) were_VBDR clearly_RR retrieved_VVN by_II the_AT correlation_NN1 algorithms_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT map_NN1 of_IO Rh_FO is_VBZ slightly_RR larger_JJR than_CSN that_DD1 of_IO Pt_NNU in_II particles_NN2 owing_II21 to_II22 the_AT existence_NN1 of_IO the_AT Rh_FO NS_NP1 substrate_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
With_IW the_AT increasing_JJ external_JJ field_NN1 ,_, the_AT centre_NN1 of_IO magnetic_JJ domain_NN1 wall_NN1 was_VBDZ repulsively_RR pinned_VVN from_II the_AT largest_JJT domain_NN1 wall_NN1 energy_NN1 gradient_NN1 at_II the_AT interface_NN1 between_II the_AT right_NN1 2:17_MC phase_NN1 and_CC the_AT 1:5_MC cell_NN1 boundary_NN1 phase_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
However_RR ,_, for_IF PbS@CdS_FO observed_VVN here_RL ,_, the_AT small_JJ experimentally_RR determined_JJ decrease_NN1 in_II I111/I200_NP1 at_II very_RG short_JJ exchange_NN1 times_NNT2 at_II low_JJ temperature_NN1 is_VBZ more_RGR consistent_JJ with_IW a_AT1 very_RG thin_JJ (_( 0.25_MC nm_FU )_) surface_NN1 alloy_NN1 layer_NN1 ,_, so_RR an_AT1 increase_NN1 in_II "_" bulk_NN1 "_" miscibility_NN1 is_VBZ not_XX clearly_RR demonstrated_VVN ._. 
</s>
<s>
As_CSA control_NN1 ,_, the_AT slice_NN1 embedded_VVN with_IW PPy_NP1 NPs_NP1 after_II laser_NN1 irradiation_NN1 showed_VVD large_JJ temperature_NN1 decay_NN1 from_II 66.7_MC °C_NNU to_II 44.3_MC °C_NNU at_II 3_MC mm_NNU depth_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
At_II later_JJR time_NNT1 points_NN2 ,_, complement_NN1 activation_NN1 was_VBDZ minor_JJ ,_, but_CCB statistically_RR significant_JJ (_( Fig_NN1 2a_FO ,_, b_ZZ1 )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
To_TO detect_VVI the_AT crystal_NN1 front_NN1 ,_, the_AT crystal/liquid_NN1 interface_NN1 was_VBDZ identified_VVN via_II the_AT spatial_JJ distribution_NN1 of_IO the_AT order_NN1 parameter_NN1 Q6_FO ,_, i_ZZ1 (_( refs_NN2 18,19_MC )_) ,_, which_DDQ is_VBZ the_AT average_JJ form_NN1 of_IO the_AT local_JJ bond_NN1 order_NN1 parameter_NN1 Q6_FO ,_, i_ZZ1 (_( ref._NN1 19_MC )_) over_II all_DB its_APPGE neighbours_NN2 and_CC itself_PPX1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT first_MD one_PN1 is_VBZ through_II ionic_JJ storage_NN1 ,_, either_RR due_II21 to_II22 a_AT1 defection_NN1 substrate_NN1 or_CC a_AT1 storage_NN1 in_II the_AT bilayer_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Alternatively_RR ,_, Liu_NP1 et_RA21 al_RA22 reported_VVD an_AT1 tactful_JJ and_CC effective_JJ anti-cancer_JJ treatment_NN1 strategy_NN1 by_II combing_VVG starvation_NN1 therapy_NN1 and_CC hypoxia-activated_JJ therapy_NN1 &lsqb;_( 5_MC &rsqb;_) ._. 
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<s>
The_AT main_JJ difference_NN1 in_II grain_NN1 boundary_NN1 connectivity_NN1 is_VBZ between_II the_AT HT1_FO (_( Fig_NN1 4a_FO ,_, b_ZZ1 )_) and_CC HT2_FO variants_NN2 (_( Fig_NN1 4c_FO ,_, d_ZZ1 )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT cups_NN2 for_IF the_AT hybrid_JJ raw_JJ parts_NN2 for_IF these_DD2 shafts_NN2 are_VBR made_VVN of_IO a_AT1 case_NN1 hardening_VVG steel_NN1 (_( C15_FO )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Fig_NN1 3_MC Treatment_NN1 with_IW the_AT budesonide_NN1 NS_NP1 enema_NN1 provides_VVZ significant_JJ reductions_NN2 in_II macroscopic_JJ and_CC microscopic_JJ symptoms_NN2 in_II mice_NN2 with_IW TNBS-induced_JJ colitis_NN1 (_( A_ZZ1 )_) Mice_NN2 treated_VVN with_IW budesonide_NN1 MS_NN1 (_( TNBS_NP1 +_FO MS_NN1 )_) or_CC NS_NP1 (_( TNBS_NP1 +_FO NS_NP1 )_) enema_NN1 showed_VVD a_AT1 significant_JJ recovery_NN1 in_II body_NN1 weight_NN1 compared_VVN to_II untreated_JJ (_( TNBS_NP1 )_) animals_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT low_JJ impedance_NN1 can_VM be_VBI attributed_VVN to_II the_AT 3D_NNU structure_NN1 of_IO the_AT Li@CuLi_FO electrode_VV0 which_DDQ can_VM help_VVI stabilize_VVI the_AT Li_NP1 plating_NN1 process_NN1 and_CC SEI_FW formation_NN1 through_II lowering_NN1 of_IO the_AT localized_JJ current_JJ densities_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Fig_NN1 4_MC a_ZZ1 )_) Schematic_JJ operation_NN1 diagram_NN1 for_IF the_AT "_" AND_CC "_" and_CC "_" OR_CC "_" gates_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT higher-density_JJ dislocations_NN2 ,_, homogeneous_JJ S_ZZ1 nano-precipitates_NN2 and_CC elimination_NN1 of_IO PFZs_NP1 are_VBR the_AT key_JJ factors_NN2 for_IF the_AT increase_NN1 in_II strength_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Adapted_VVN with_IW permission.150_FO Copyright_NN1 2015_MC ,_, Royal_JJ Society_NN1 of_IO Chemistry_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Therefore_RR ,_, as_CSA illustrated_VVN in_II Figure_NN1 4a_FO ,_, the_AT flat_NN1 TiO2_FO film_NN1 shows_VVZ under-oil_NN1 hydrophobicity_NN1 (_( the_AT WCA_NN1 in_II oil_NN1 is_VBZ about_RG 125°_NNU ,_, Figure_NN1 2c_FO )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT comparable_JJ diameter_NN1 of_IO inhibition_NN1 zone_NN1 for_IF different_JJ multilayers_NN2 is_VBZ consistent_JJ with_IW the_AT TA_UH release_VV0 profile_NN1 monitored_VVN by_II UV–vis_NP1 spectra_NN2 (_( Figure_NN1 S22_FO )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT serum_NN1 insulin_NN1 concentrations_NN2 were_VBDR determined_VVN using_VVG porcine_JJ insulin_NN1 quantitative_JJ ELISA_NP1 kits_NN2 ,_, according_II21 to_II22 the_AT manufacturer_NN1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 instructions_NN2 (_( R_ZZ1 &D,;_NULL USA_NP1 )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
These_DD2 findings_NN2 suggest_VV0 new_JJ bioinspired_JJ engineering_NN1 materials_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
It_PPH1 should_VM be_VBI noted_VVN that_CST the_AT undulation_NN1 angle_NN1 of_IO fiber_NN1 yarns_NN2 which_DDQ was_VBDZ explicitly_RR provided_VVN by_II Tanov_NP1 and_CC Tabiei_NP1 was_VBDZ used_VVN within_II the_AT FVDAM_NN1 model_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
In_II this_DD1 study_NN1 ,_, the_AT weight_NN1 ratio_NN1 of_IO PLA_NP1 to_II PBS_NP1 was_VBDZ kept_VVN constant_JJ at_II 70/30_MF ,_, so_CS the_AT sample_NN1 codes_NN2 were_VBDR defined_VVN according_II21 to_II22 the_AT RGO_NN1 loading_NN1 ,_, for_REX21 example_REX22 ,_, the_AT PLA/PBS/RGO_NP1 (_( 70/30/3_MF ,_, wt/wt/wt_NN1 )_) nanocomposites_NN2 were_VBDR defined_VVN as_CSA 70/30_MF +_FO 3_MC wt%_FO ._. 
</s>
<s>
A_AT1 flexible_JJ sensor_NN1 array_NN1 was_VBDZ fabricated_VVN on_II the_AT PI_NN1 substrate_NN1 using_VVG a_AT1 laser_NN1 direct_RR witting_VVG system_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
To_TO loot_VVI at_II the_AT efforts_NN2 of_IO P/Se_NP1 ratios_NN2 ,_, samples_NN2 were_VBDR prepared_VVN by_II the_AT same_DA process_NN1 ,_, but_CCB with_IW different_JJ ratios_NN2 of_IO P/Se_NP1 source_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT samples_NN2 and_CC cages_NN2 were_VBDR weighed_VVN before_II and_CC after_II extraction_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Fortunati_NP1 et_RA21 al_RA22 29_MC ,_, 31_MC obtained_VVD a_AT1 finer_JJR dispersion_NN1 of_IO CNCs_NP1 in_II PLA_NP1 by_II using_VVG a_AT1 surfactant_NN1 ,_, but_CCB the_AT mechanical_JJ properties_NN2 deteriorated_VVD compared_VVN to_II the_AT PLA_NP1 and_CC PLA_NP1 filled_VVD with_IW unmodified_JJ CNCs_NP1 due_II21 to_II22 a_AT1 plasticization_NN1 effect_NN1 of_IO the_AT surfactant_NN1 29_MC ._. 
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<s>
A_AT1 very_RG limited_JJ number_NN1 of_IO investigations_NN2 on_II AlNiSc_NP1 alloys_NN2 are_VBR available_JJ ._. 
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<s>
Thus_RR ,_, the_AT DMNPEDTACa2+_FO complex_NN1 was_VBDZ termed_VVN "_" calcium_NN1 supplier_NN1 (_( caged_JJ calcium_NN1 )_) "_" ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT aim_NN1 of_IO this_DD1 study_NN1 was_VBDZ to_TO analyse_VVI the_AT interaction_NN1 of_IO the_AT surfactant_JJ type_NN1 ,_, concentration_NN1 and_CC application_NN1 ratio_NN1 to_II oil_NN1 sludge_NN1 (_( S/OS_FU )_) in_II the_AT maximisation_NN1 of_IO the_AT oil_NN1 recovery_NN1 rate_NN1 (_( ORR_NP1 %_NNU )_) in_II the_AT oil_NN1 sludge_NN1 washing_NN1 (_( OSW_NP1 )_) of_IO an_AT1 oil–water_JJR separator_NN1 sludge_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
It_PPH1 should_VM be_VBI pointed_VVN out_RP that_CST the_AT field-induced_JJ metastable_JJ vortex-like_JJ structure_NN1 in_II the_AT PBS_NP1 system_NN1 is_VBZ not_XX fully_RR circular_JJ due_II21 to_II22 the_AT difficulty_NN1 in_II rotating_VVG the_AT polarizations_NN2 in_II BFO_NP1 layers_NN2 (_( in_II other_JJ word_NN1 ,_, BFO_NP1 is_VBZ more_RGR "_" stiff_JJ "_" )_) ._. 
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<s>
To_TO interpret_VVI the_AT qualitative_JJ features_NN2 of_IO our_APPGE experimental_JJ results_NN2 ,_, we_PPIS2 use_VV0 an_AT1 extension_NN1 of_IO the_AT mean–field_NN1 one-dimensional_JJ (_( 1D_NNU )_) electron_NN1 model_NN1 introduced_VVN by_II Bilbro_NP1 and_CC McMillan20_FO to_II a_AT1 3D_NNU anisotropic_JJ model_NN1 with_IW two_MC electronic_JJ bands_NN2 coupled_VVN by_II an_AT1 optical_JJ phonon_NN1 ,_, as_CSA proposed_VVN to_TO explain_VVI equilibrium_NN1 experiments_NN2 in_II our_APPGE material_NN1 19,23,24_MC ._. 
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<s>
The_AT areal_JJ loading_NN1 of_IO the_AT POF_NN1 is_VBZ 1.50_MC mg_NNU cm-2_MC ._. 
</s>
<s>
XRD_NP1 patterns_NN2 with_IW the_AT corresponding_JJ phases_NN2 are_VBR shown_VVN in_II Figure_NN1 S2_FO ._. 
</s>
<s>
MSCs_NP2 (_( passage_NN1 14_MC )_) were_VBDR cultured_VVN in_II T25_FO flasks_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT fine_JJ structure_NN1 splitting_NN1 and_CC the_AT angle_NN1 between_II QD_NP1 and_CC cavity_NN1 natural_JJ axes_NN2 are_VBR taken_VVN into_II account_NN1 ,_, as_II31 well_II32 as_II33 the_AT finite_JJ spatial_JJ overlap_NN1 between_II the_AT cavity_NN1 and_CC the_AT driving_JJ field_NN1 ,_, the_AT mirrors_NN2 finite_JJ transmittances_NN2 and_CC losses_NN2 ,_, and_CC the_AT finite_JJ detection_NN1 efficiency_NN1 which_DDQ are_VBR modelled_VVN as_CSA additional_JJ terms_NN2 in_II the_AT equations_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Human_JJ epithelial_JJ bronchial_JJ immortalized_JJ cells_NN2 (_( BEAS-2B_FO ,_, CRL-9609_MC ,_, ATCC_NP1 ,_, LGC_NP1 standards_NN2 ,_, UK_NP1 )_) were_VBDR maintained_VVN in_II RPMI_NP1 1640_MC cell_NN1 culture_NN1 medium_NN1 (_( Sigma-Aldrich_NP1 ,_, Merck_NP1 Sigma_NN1 ,_, UK_NP1 )_) supplemented_VVD with_IW 20_MC mM_NNU glutamine_NN1 (_( Sigma-Aldrich_NP1 ,_, Merck_NP1 Sigma_NN1 ,_, UK_NP1 )_) ,_, 10%_NNU FBS_NP1 (_( Gibco_NP1 ,_, Thermo_NP1 Fisher_NP1 Scientific_JJ ,_, UK_NP1 )_) ,_, 1000_MC units_NN2 penicillin_NN1 ,_, and_CC 1_MC1 mg/mL_NNU streptomycin_NN1 (_( Sigma-Aldrich_NP1 ,_, Merck_NP1 Sigma_NN1 ,_, UK_NP1 )_) at_II 37_MC °C_NNU in_II a_AT1 humidified_JJ 5%_NNU CO2_FO incubator_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
First_MD ,_, we_PPIS2 observe_VV0 that_CST the_AT first_MD plastic_NN1 deformation_NN1 stages_NN2 actually_RR correspond_VV0 to_II the_AT flattening_NN1 of_IO the_AT nanoparticle_NN1 at_II the_AT contact_NN1 with_IW the_AT two_MC virtual_JJ indenters_NN2 ,_, resulting_VVG in_II a_AT1 localized_JJ surface_NN1 amorphization_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
K_ZZ1 ,_, but_CCB becomes_VVZ rapidly_RR favourable_JJ at_II higher_JJR temperature_NN1 and_CC low_JJ water_NN1 chemical_NN1 potential_NN1 (_( Fig_NN1 1b_FO ;_; see_VV0 also_RR ref_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
We_PPIS2 also_RR found_VVD that_CST the_AT field-like_JJ spin–orbit_NN1 field_NN1 is_VBZ negligible_JJ (_( Supplementary_JJ Note_NN1 3_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT working_JJ principle_NN1 can_VM be_VBI depicted_VVN based_VVN on_II a_AT1 sector_NN1 unit_NN1 by_II current_JJ and_CC charge_NN1 distribution_NN1 in_II short-circuit_JJ condition_NN1 &lsqb;_( 34_MC &rsqb;_) ,_, &lsqb;_( 35_MC &rsqb;_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Aramid_JJ fibers_NN2 ,_, in_RR21 particular_RR22 ,_, are_VBR well_RR appreciated_VVN for_IF their_APPGE high_JJ toughness_NN1 and_CC are_VBR employed_VVN in_II ballistic_JJ applications_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
In_II comparison_NN1 of_IO received_JJ CF_VV0 with_IW commercial_JJ sizing_NN1 ,_, the_AT IFSS_NN1 of_IO CF-PZSNT/EP_NP1 composite_JJ also_RR increases_VVZ from_II 73.51_MC MPa_NP1 to_II 87.1_MC MPa_NP1 ,_, by_II 18.5%_FO ._. 
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<s>
We_PPIS2 confirmed_VVD a_AT1 negligible_JJ change_NN1 in_II the_AT surface_NN1 potential_NN1 over_II long-term_JJ measurement_NN1 of_IO the_AT surface_NN1 potential_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT reinforcement_NN1 of_IO the_AT UHMWPE_NN1 matrix_NN1 with_IW MWCNTs_NP1 has_VHZ been_VBN investigated_VVN as_II a_AT1 means_NN to_TO improve_VVI the_AT properties_NN2 and_CC tribological_JJ response_NN1 of_IO plastic_NN1 components_NN2 used_VVN in_II industry_NN1 and_CC biomedical_JJ fields_NN2 &lsqb;_( 38_MC &rsqb;_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Alternatively_RR ,_, graphenes_NN2 have_VH0 great_JJ potentials_NN2 as_CSA thermoelectric_JJ materials_NN2 because_II21 of_II22 its_APPGE high_JJ charge_NN1 mobility_NN1 and_CC possibility_NN1 of_IO band-gap_NN1 tuning_VVG via_II defect_NN1 engineering_NN1 &lsqb;_( 15_MC &rsqb;_) ,_, &lsqb;_( 16_MC &rsqb;_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
When_CS the_AT driving_JJ force_NN1 for_IF self-texture_NN1 is_VBZ quite_RG weak_JJ (_( like_VV0 in_II the_AT case_NN1 of_IO random_JJ texture_NN1 of_IO NiO_NP1 thin_JJ film_NN1 on_II glass_NN1 substrate_NN1 deposited_VVN at_II 0.5_MC Pa_NNU shown_VVN in_II Fig_NN1 1(a)_FO )_) ,_, the_AT driving_JJ force_NN1 from_II Al2O3_FO (_( 0001_MC )_) substrate_NN1 may_VM overcome_VVI the_AT trend_NN1 of_IO the_AT self-texture_NN1 easily_RR ._. 
</s>
<s>
Comparison_NN1 of_IO results_NN2 with_IW those_DD2 of_IO four_MC shell_VV0 C_ZZ1 '_NULL dot-5_MC are_VBR displayed_VVN in_II Figure_NN1 7_MC ._. 
</s>
<s>
Mapping_VVG the_AT Hubbard_NP1 bands_VVZ by_II optical_JJ spectroscopy_NN1 provides_VVZ an_AT1 absolute_JJ measure_NN1 of_IO the_AT interaction_NN1 strength_NN1 and_CC bandwidththe_VV0 crucial_JJ parameters_NN2 that_CST enter_VV0 calculations_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
That_REX21 is_REX22 ,_, the_AT multinary_JJ structures_NN2 and_CC even_RR superlattices_VVZ could_VM be_VBI achieved_VVN via_II the_AT disassembly_RR process.5_FO Facing_VVG future_JJ electrical_JJ applications_NN2 ,_, improving_VVG the_AT functional_JJ integration_NN1 of_IO electronics_NN1 and_CC integrated_JJ circuits_NN2 is_VBZ one_MC1 of_IO the_AT researching_VVG focus_NN1 ,_, for_IF which_DDQ the_AT disassembly_RR must_VM be_VBI the_AT crucial_JJ way_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
This_DD1 temperature_NN1 was_VBDZ held_VVN constant_JJ for_IF 3_MC min_NNU until_CS there_EX was_VBDZ no_AT further_JJR change_NN1 in_II mass_NN1 of_IO the_AT remaining_JJ residue_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT detailed_JJ outputs_NN2 of_IO PLGA-iTENG_NN1 with_IW or_CC without_IW NIR_NP1 treatment_NN1 were_VBDR shown_VVN in_II Fig_NN1 S7_FO ._. 
</s>
<s>
We_PPIS2 thank_VV0 Prof._NNB J._NP1 Q._NP1 He_PPHS1 and_CC Dr_NNB L._NP1 Xie_NP1 for_IF the_AT in_RR21 situ_RR22 STEM_VV0 characterization_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
After_CS surface_NN1 modification_NN1 ,_, new_JJ peaks_NN2 of_IO CO_NP1 (_( 286.0_MC eV_NN1 )_) and_CC OCO_NP1 (_( 289.0_MC eV_NN1 )_) appear_VV0 on_II ABS_JJ surface_NN1 and_CC the_AT peak_NN1 of_IO CN_NP1 at_II 286.5_MC eV_NN1 disappears_VVZ clearly_RR ._. 
</s>
<s>
Finally_RR ,_, the_AT fluorescence_NN1 images_NN2 of_IO treated_JJ cells_NN2 were_VBDR recorded_VVN using_VVG CLSM_NP1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Wang_NP1 and_CC coworkers_NN2 constructed_VVN three_MC 100_MC nm_FU nanoparticles_NN2 with_IW a_AT1 positive_JJ ,_, neutral_JJ ,_, or_CC negative_JJ charge_NN1 to_TO clarify_VVI the_AT impact_NN1 of_IO surface_NN1 charge_NN1 on_II in_JJ21 vivo_JJ22 tumor_NN1 accumulation_NN1 and_CC penetration_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Remarkably_RR ,_, the_AT simulated_JJ trajectories_NN2 captured_VVD all_DB the_AT different_JJ behaviours_NN2 observed_VVD ._. 
</s>
<s>
Transconductance_NN1 measurements_NN2 of_IO four_MC types_NN2 of_IO DWCNT_NP1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
In_II this_DD1 case_NN1 ,_, a_AT1 DFT_NP1 study_NN1 should_VM be_VBI carried_VVN out_RP to_TO clarify_VVI this_DD1 possibility_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT frequency_NN1 of_IO occurrence_NN1 of_IO hd-2H-DPP_NN1 does_VDZ not_XX change_VVI with_IW substrate_NN1 temperature_NN1 ,_, indicating_VVG that_CST these_DD2 species_NN already_RR lose_VV0 one_MC1 of_IO their_APPGE phenyl_NN1 rings_VVZ before_CS they_PPHS2 land_VV0 on_II the_AT Cu_FO surface_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
In_BCL21 order_BCL22 to_TO study_VVI the_AT correlation_NN1 between_II microstructure_NN1 and_CC quenching-induced_JJ distortion_NN1 Navy_NN1 C-ring_NN1 specimens_NN2 (_( Totten_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2002_MC )_) were_VBDR accordingly_RR fabricated_VVN out_II21 of_II22 the_AT hot-forged_JJ block_NN1 ,_, Fig_NN1 1_MC1 ,_, Fig_NN1 2_MC ._. 
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<s>
Umbilical_JJ cord_NN1 was_VBDZ cleared_VVN from_II the_AT vessels_NN2 ,_, dissected_VVN into_II small_JJ fragments_NN2 ,_, up_RG21 to_RG22 3–4_MCMC mm3_FO in_II size_NN1 ,_, and_CC washed_VVD twice_RR in_II DMEM_NP1 ._. 
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<s>
EM_FU absorption_NN1 performances_NN2 of_IO this_DD1 heterostructure_NN1 have_VH0 been_VBN investigated_VVN at_II 2–18_MCMC GHz_NNU ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT values_NN2 of_IO tensile_JJ strength_NN1 ,_, tensile_JJ modulus_NN1 ,_, elongation_NN1 at_II break_NN1 of_IO pure_JJ RPU_NN1 and_CC its_APPGE composites_NN2 are_VBR listed_VVN in_II Table_NN1 3_MC ._. 
</s>
<s>
Herein_RR ,_, starch_VV0 biopolymer_NN1 is_VBZ exploited_VVN as_II a_AT1 rheological_JJ modifier_NN1 to_TO tailor_VVI the_AT viscosity_NN1 of_IO perovskite_NN1 precursor_NN1 solutions_NN2 ,_, in_BCL21 order_BCL22 to_TO allow_VVI the_AT development_NN1 of_IO stable_JJ inks_NN2 that_CST can_VM be_VBI straightforwardly_RR deposited_VVN in_II a_AT1 single_JJ coating_NN1 step_NN1 at_II mild-temperature_NN1 ,_, without_IW the_AT use_NN1 of_IO toxic_JJ solvents_NN2 ,_, to_TO obtain_VVI uniform_JJ perovskite_NN1 thin_JJ films_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
These_DD2 unwanted_JJ interactions_NN2 can_VM be_VBI limited_VVN by_II decreasing_JJ particle_NN1 concentration_NN1 or_CC eliminating_VVG non-specific_JJ ligand_NN1 on_II the_AT surface_NN1 of_IO the_AT particle_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
In_II dry_JJ welding_NN1 ,_, a_AT1 large_JJ chamber_NN1 is_VBZ used_VVN to_TO create_VVI a_AT1 waterless_JJ space_NN1 for_IF the_AT workpieces_NN2 and_CC welding_NN1 equipment_NN1 ,_, while_CS only_RR the_AT arc_NN1 is_VBZ protected_VVN in_II a_AT1 hood_NN1 during_II local_JJ dry_JJ welding_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
In_RR21 addition_RR22 ,_, with_IW the_AT oxidation_NN1 of_IO nitrogenous_JJ species_NN like_II NH3_FO and_CC HCN_NP1 strengthened_VVD ,_, the_AT amount_NN1 of_IO NO_AT will_NN1 grow_VVI higher_JJR (_( Yin_NP1 ,_, 2018_MC )_) ,_, which_DDQ is_VBZ also_RR not_XX expected_VVN ._. 
</s>
<s>
In_II the_AT case_NN1 of_IO the_AT molecular_JJ ruthenium_NN1 complex_NN1 ,_, this_DD1 is_VBZ due_II21 to_II22 its_APPGE poor_JJ stability_NN1 as_II a_AT1 PS_NN1 ,_, limiting_VVG the_AT production_NN1 of_IO H2_FO at_II 5_MC h_ZZ1 ,_, while_CS H2_FO production_NN1 with_IW CIS/ZnS–GSH_FU QDs_NP1 lasts_VVZ for_IF more_DAR than_CSN 90_MC h_ZZ1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
These_DD2 results_NN2 also_RR demonstrate_VV0 the_AT high_JJ stability_NN1 of_IO the_AT tetraazamacrocyclic_JJ catalyst_NN1 Cat1_FO ,_, as_CSA the_AT latter_DA can_VM achieve_VVI very_RG high_JJ TONCat_NN1 values_NN2 and_CC is_VBZ active_JJ for_IF several_DA2 hours_NNT2 when_CS it_PPH1 is_VBZ associated_VVN with_IW a_AT1 stable_JJ PS_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
In_II Fig_NN1 2a_FO representative_JJ pictures_NN2 of_IO each_DD1 laminate_NN1 are_VBR reported_VVN ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT as-quenched_JJ components_NN2 must_VM ,_, therefore_RR ,_, be_VBI subjected_VVN to_II a_AT1 further_JJR costly_JJ and_CC time-consuming_JJ process_NN1 such_II21 as_II22 straightening_VVG or_CC hard_RR machining_VVG to_TO correct_VVI the_AT part_NN1 distortion_NN1 and_CC meet_VVI the_AT final_JJ tolerance_NN1 requirements_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Yaping_NP1 Li_NP1 received_VVD his_APPGE Ph.D_NP1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
in_II pharmaceutics_NN2 from_II Fudan_NP1 University_NN1 in_II 2001_MC ._. 
</s>
<s>
Detailed_JJ analysis_NN1 of_IO simultaneously_RR recorded_VVN movement_NN1 and_CC nano-SPEAR_JJ data_NN can_VM be_VBI found_VVN in_II Supplementary_JJ Fig_NN1 3_MC ._. 
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<s>
A_AT1 field-emission_JJ scanning_NN1 electron_NN1 microscopy_NN1 (_( FE-SEM_NP1 ,_, Hitachi_NP1 S-4800_MC ,_, Japan_NP1 )_) was_VBDZ used_VVN to_TO characterize_VVI the_AT microstructure_NN1 of_IO the_AT powder-form_JJ electrode_NN1 materials_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT constrained_JJ methods_NN2 enable_VV0 one_PN1 to_TO qualitatively_RR derive_VVI the_AT energy_NN1 gap_NN1 between_II the_AT 5d_NNU states_NN2 and_CC the_AT bottom_NN1 of_IO the_AT CB_NP1 &lsqb;_( 11_MC &rsqb;_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Rossi_NP1 et_RA21 al_RA22 17_MC investigated_VVD the_AT effects_NN2 of_IO mechanical_JJ and_CC chemical_JJ treatments_NN2 on_II the_AT adhesion_NN1 strength_NN1 between_II the_AT NiTi_JJ SMA_NN1 wires_NN2 and_CC the_AT epoxy_JJ resin_NN1 matrix_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
While_CS a_AT1 quantitative_JJ evaluation_NN1 of_IO peak_NN1 widths_NN2 is_VBZ not_XX possible_JJ for_IF the_AT present_JJ data_NN ,_, we_PPIS2 observe_VV0 for_IF La70Cu15Al15_FO evolution_NN1 toward_II more-distinct_JJ peaks_NN2 with_IW ageing_JJ ,_, which_DDQ is_VBZ reversed_VVN by_II cycling_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Confocal_JJ Laser_NN1 Scanning_VVG Microscope_NN1 (_( CLSM_NP1 ,_, FV1000_FO ,_, Olympus_NP1 ,_, USA_NP1 )_) was_VBDZ used_VVN to_TO observe_VVI the_AT cellular_JJ uptake_NN1 of_IO NPs._NP1 (_( 14_MC )_) Caco-2_MC cells_NN2 were_VBDR seeded_VVN on_II coverslip_NN1 in_II 12-well_JJ plates_NN2 at_II a_AT1 density_NN1 of_IO 5_MC ×_II 104_MC cells/mL_FU at_II 37_MC °C_NNU for_IF 4_MC days_NNT2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
A_AT1 (_( TTT_NP1 )_) diagram_NN1 was_VBDZ constructed_VVN for_IF the_AT microstructural_JJ evolution_NN1 of_IO the_AT two-phase_JJ ferroelectric_JJ towards_II a_AT1 stable_JJ single_JJ phase_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Fig_NN1 3_MC a_ZZ1 )_) SEM_NN1 images_NN2 of_IO PSi-HA@LF_FO after_CS immersion_NN1 in_II buffer_NN1 solutions_NN2 at_II pH_NN1 1.2_MC and_CC 5.0_MC for_IF 2_MC h_ZZ1 ,_, and_CC at_II pH_NN1 5.5_MC for_IF 5_MC min_NNU and_CC 2_MC h_ZZ1 b_ZZ1 )_) pH_NN1 and_CC enzyme_NN1 sequentially_RR responsive_JJ BUD_NN1 release_NN1 from_II AP@PSi-HA@LF_FO in_II a_AT1 series_NN of_IO pH_NN1 buffers_NN2 at_II 37_MC °C_NNU ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT XPS_NP1 spectra_NN2 of_IO SNCC-nisin_NN1 (_( Figure_NN1 2b_FO )_) and_CC SNCC-lysozyme_NN1 (_( Figure_NN1 2c_FO )_) clearly_RR show_VV0 N_NP1 1s_MC2 peaks_NN2 ,_, due_II21 to_II22 the_AT presence_NN1 of_IO amine_NN1 groups_NN2 in_II lysozyme_NN1 and_CC nisin_NN1 ,_, indicating_VVG successful_JJ attachment_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT results_NN2 summarized_VVN in_II Table_NN1 1_MC1 suggest_VV0 that_CST the_AT vertical_JJ and_CC inclined_JJ SnS_NN2 layers_NN2 provide_VV0 higher_JJR SNR_NP1 values_NN2 (_( close_RR to_II 100_MC k_ZZ1 and_CC higher_JJR )_) compared_VVN to_II the_AT horizontal_JJ layer_NN1 SnS_NN2 device_NN1 (_( 10_MC k_ZZ1 )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
It_PPH1 is_VBZ well_RR known_VVN that_CST the_AT high_JJ versatility_NN1 of_IO epoxy_JJ resins_NN2 mainly_RR results_VVZ from_II the_AT broad_JJ options_NN2 of_IO curing_VVG agents_NN2 ranging_VVG from_II carboxyl_NN1 acids_NN2 ,_, anhydrides_VVZ to_II amines_NN2 ,_, which_DDQ enables_VVZ the_AT production_NN1 of_IO epoxy_JJ thermosets_NN2 with_IW tunable_JJ properties_NN2 under_II various_JJ processing_NN1 conditions_NN2 &lsqb;_( 32_MC &rsqb;_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
In_RR21 addition_RR22 ,_, the_AT decomposition_NN1 temperatures_NN2 (_( Td_NN1 )_) are_VBR in_II the_AT range_NN1 of_IO 491–456_MCMC °C_NNU ,_, and_CC the_AT values_NN2 of_IO Td_NN1 gradually_RR decrease_VV0 with_IW increasing_JJ DABA-Cl_NP1 ,_, resulting_VVG from_II the_AT serious_JJ themolysis_NN1 of_IO Cl_FO substituent_JJ groups_NN2 at_II high_JJ temperature_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT mixture_NN1 was_VBDZ vortexed_VVN briefly_RR ,_, frozen_VVN in_II liquid_NN1 N2_FO ,_, then_RT lyophilized_VVD using_VVG a_AT1 FreeZone_NN1 2.5_MC l_ZZ1 Freeze_VV0 Dry_JJ System_NN1 (_( Labconco_NP1 )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
In_II summary_NN1 ,_, we_PPIS2 demonstrated_VVD a_AT1 facile_JJ and_CC efficient_JJ approach_NN1 for_IF easily_RR preparing_VVG the_AT metallic_JJ Ag_FO NPs_NP1 ,_, which_DDQ were_VBDR decorated_VVN on_II CeO2_FO supports_VVZ with_IW the_AT help_NN1 of_IO &lsqb;_( BMIM_NP1 &rsqb;_) BF4_FO IL_FW ._. 
</s>
<s>
For_REX21 instance_REX22 ,_, the_AT redox_NN1 potentials_NN2 of_IO Fe2+/3+_FU couples_NN2 in_II Na2CoFePBA_FO (_( CoHCF_NP1 )_) ,_, Na2CuFePBA_FO (_( CuHCF_NP1 )_) ,_, and_CC Na2NiFePBA_FO (_( NiHCF_NP1 )_) are_VBR +0.90_MC V_NNU ,_, +0.58_MC V_NNU and_CC +0.45_MC V_NNU (_( vs_II Ag/AgCl_FU )_) ,_, respectively_RR ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT newly_RR prepared_VVN ME-HSS_JJ coatings_NN2 are_VBR characterized_VVN by_II a_AT1 hard_JJ martensitic_JJ matrix_NN1 enhanced_VVN by_II secondary_JJ hardening_NN1 ,_, and_CC specifically_RR by_II coherent_JJ nano-sized_JJ M2C_FO ._. 
</s>
<s>
This_DD1 work_NN1 was_VBDZ supported_VVN by_II the_AT U.S._NP1 Office_NN1 of_IO Naval_JJ Research_NN1 (_( Grant_NP1 Nos_NP1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
In_BCL21 order_BCL22 to_TO describe_VVI the_AT microstructure_NN1 selection_NN1 that_CST occur_VV0 during_II the_AT solidification_NN1 process_NN1 on_II the_AT TD-BD_JJ plane_NN1 ,_, we_PPIS2 have_VH0 reported_VVN on_II Fig_NN1 11_MC the_AT melt_NN1 pools_NN2 of_IO samples_NN2 A_ZZ1 to_II C_NP1 ,_, based_VVN on_II the_AT average_JJ measurements_NN2 from_II Fig_NN1 4_MC ._. 
</s>
<s>
This_DD1 value_NN1 has_VHZ been_VBN validated_VVN experimentally_RR by_II optical_JJ measurements_NN2 performed_VVN on_II Fig_NN1 2_MC ._. 
</s>
<s>
During_II these_DD2 measurements_NN2 the_AT sliding_JJ velocity_NN1 and_CC normal_JJ load_NN1 were_VBDR kept_VVN constant_JJ at_II 200_MC nm_FU s–1_JJ and_CC 19.7_MC N_NNU ,_, respectively_RR ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT reason_NN1 for_IF these_DD2 findings_NN2 may_VM be_VBI related_VVN to_II the_AT difference_NN1 between_II external_JJ and_CC internal_JJ temperatures_NN2 of_IO the_AT sample_NN1 in_II31 response_II32 to_II33 the_AT rapidly_RR increased_JJ temperature_NN1 of_IO the_AT reaction_NN1 system_NN1 with_IW the_AT increased_JJ heating_NN1 rate_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
We_PPIS2 extracted_VVD the_AT relationship_NN1 between_II the_AT glucose_NN1 concentration_NN1 and_CC the_AT saturated_JJ current_JJ response_NN1 from_II the_AT real-time_JJ sensing_NN1 data_NN in_II PBS_NP1 solution_NN1 and_CC plotted_VVD it_PPH1 in_II Figure_NN1 5d_NNU ._. 
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<s>
Here_RL ,_, we_PPIS2 systematically_RR characterize_VV0 the_AT tensile_JJ behavior_NN1 of_IO L-PBF_NP1 Ti-6Al-4V_NP1 at_II quasi-static_JJ strain_NN1 rate_NN1 and_CC room_NN1 temperature_NN1 ,_, including_II state-of-the-art_NN1 in_RR21 situ_RR22 synchrotron_NN1 X-ray_NN1 diffraction_NN1 (_( SXRD_NP1 )_) and_CC computed_JJ tomography_NN1 (_( SXCT_NP1 )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
As_II21 for_II22 the_AT other_JJ three_MC reactors_NN2 ,_, especially_RR in_II R2_FO ,_, the_AT content_NN1 of_IO VFAs_NP2 and_CC the_AT value_NN1 of_IO the_AT VFAs/COD_FU ratio_NN1 increased_VVN while_CS the_AT degradation_NN1 rate_NN1 of_IO COD_NN was_VBDZ 9.1%_FO ,_, indicating_VVG that_CST the_AT PHA_NN1 synthesis_NN1 bacteria_NN2 could_VM also_RR use_VVI other_JJ organic_JJ matters_NN2 at_II low_JJ VFAs_NN2 concentration_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Fig_NN1 6_MC Application_NN1 areas_NN2 under_II the_AT different_JJ regions_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT pep@MSNs_FO were_VBDR washed_VVN three_MC times_NNT2 with_IW PBS_NP1 to_TO remove_VVI excess_JJ nonadsorbed_JJ peptide_NN1 ,_, and_CC then_RT lyophilized_VVD ._. 
</s>
<s>
Overall_RR ,_, the_AT high_JJ R2_FO values_NN2 produced_VVN through_II this_DD1 approach_NN1 suggests_VVZ that_CST the_AT Wilshire_NP1 equations_NN2 are_VBR an_AT1 effective_JJ tool_NN1 for_IF predicting_VVG creep_NN1 life_NN1 in_II these_DD2 advanced_JJ materials_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Figure_NN1 1e_FO shows_VVZ the_AT Fermi_NP1 surface_NN1 (_( FS_NP2 )_) of_IO OD11K_FO measured_VVN by_II ARPES_NN2 at_II 20_MC K._NP1 We_PPIS2 found_VVD no_AT replicas_NN2 of_IO the_AT large_JJ Fermi_NP1 surface_NN1 ,_, and_CC its_APPGE shape_NN1 offers_VVZ no_AT parallel_JJ segments_NN2 suitable_JJ for_IF a_AT1 good_JJ nesting_NN1 at_II the_AT CO_NP1 wavevector_NN1 (_( 0.14,0_MC )_) :_: the_AT shifted_JJ FS_NP2 exhibits_VVZ a_AT1 point-like_JJ crossing_NN1 with_IW the_AT original_JJ one_PN1 ._. 
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<s>
In_II contrast_NN1 ,_, osteoblasts_NN2 were_VBDR more_RGR sensitive_JJ to_II the_AT adhesion_NN1 ligands_VVZ in_II the_AT matrix_NN1 ,_, evidenced_VVN by_II the_AT enhanced_JJ osteoblastic_JJ formation_NN1 and_CC calcification_NN1 in_II GelMA-rich_JJ scaffolds_NN2 (_( Fig_NN1 3_MC ,_, Fig_NN1 4_MC ,_, Fig_NN1 5D_NNU ,_, F_ZZ1 ,_, H_ZZ1 ,_, Fig_NN1 S3B_FO )_) ._. 
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<s>
Similar_JJ findings_NN2 between_II this_DD1 rat_NN1 and_CC the_AT primate_NN1 study_NN1 include_VV0 the_AT presence_NN1 of_IO axons_NN2 and_CC peripheral_JJ myelin_NN1 proteins_NN2 in_II the_AT scaffold-derived_JJ tissue_NN1 with_IW limited_JJ ingress_NN1 of_IO GFAP_NP1 positive_JJ processes_NN2 &lsqb;_( 104_MC &rsqb;_) ._. 
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<s>
Compared_VVN to_II the_AT industrial_JJ ethane_NN1 steam_NN1 cracking_VVG ,_, the_AT electrochemical_JJ process_NN1 can_VM achieve_VVI a_AT1 65%_NNU saving_NN1 in_II process_NN1 energy_NN1 and_CC reduce_VV0 the_AT carbon_NN1 footprint_NN1 by_II as_RG much_DA1 as_CSA 72%_NNU or_CC even_RR more_RRR if_CS renewable_JJ electricity_NN1 and_CC heat_NN1 are_VBR used_VVN ._. 
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<s>
However_RR ,_, the_AT iARD_NN1 tensor_NN1 does_VDZ not_XX pass_VVI the_AT classic_JJ rheological_JJ rule_NN1 of_IO Euclidean_JJ objectivity_NN1 ,_, namely_REX ,_, material_NN1 frame_NN1 indifference_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT methodology_NN1 of_IO the_AT shear-clinching_JJ experiments_NN2 ,_, the_AT material_NN1 properties_NN2 of_IO the_AT joining_NN1 partners_NN2 as_II31 well_II32 as_II33 the_AT heat_NN1 treatment_NN1 conditions_NN2 of_IO the_AT punch-sided_JJ high-strength_JJ aluminium_NN1 alloy_NN1 are_VBR explained_VVN in_II the_AT following_JJ section_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT crosses_NN2 mark_VV0 the_AT end_NN1 of_IO the_AT uniform_JJ elongation_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Operando_NN1 X-ray_NN1 diffraction_NN1 measurements_NN2 during_II cycling_NN1 show_VV0 the_AT transformation_NN1 pathway_NN1 of_IO the_AT sulfur_NN1 –_- polysulfide_VV0 –_- Li2S_FO species_NN ._. 
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<s>
However_RR ,_, the_AT industrial_JJ use_NN1 of_IO 2D_NNU oxides_NN2 is_VBZ currently_RR very_RG limited_JJ ._. 
</s>
<s>
Because_II21 of_II22 the_AT similarity_NN1 in_II the_AT diffraction_NN1 patterns_NN2 ,_, the_AT m_ZZ1 =_FO 2_MC and_CC 3_MC compounds_NN2 can_VM be_VBI indexed_VVN in_II the_AT same_DA manner_NN1 as_CSA the_AT m_ZZ1 =_FO 4_MC compounds_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
From_II four-point_JJ measurements_NN2 exemplarily_RR shown_VVN in_II Figure_NN1 3b_FO ,_, we_PPIS2 determined_VVD resistivity_NN1 values_NN2 quite_RG typically_RR to_TO be_VBI as_RG large_JJ as_CSA 300_MC cm_NNU for_IF Ge0.97Ga0.03_FO NWs_NP1 ,_, while_CS intrinsic_JJ Ge_NP1 NWs_NP1 grown_VVD by_II using_VVG Au_FO as_CSA growth_NN1 promoter_NN1 reveal_VV0 resistivity_NN1 values_NN2 of_IO about_RG 11_MC cm(30)_FO as_CSA described_VVN in_II the_AT literature_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
First_MD principles_NN2 calculations_NN2 of_IO M2Si5N8:Eu2+_FO phosphors_NN2 (_( M_ZZ1 =_FO Mg_FO ,_, Ca_NP1 ,_, Sr_NNA ,_, Ba_NP1 )_) are_VBR performed_VVN ._. 
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<s>
The_AT wafers_NN2 were_VBDR used_VVN for_IF deposition_NN1 immediately_RR after_II the_AT heat_NN1 treatment_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
She_PPHS1 is_VBZ now_RT studying_VVG the_AT synthesis_NN1 and_CC biomedical_JJ applications_NN2 of_IO nanomaterials_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT average_JJ size_NN1 of_IO h-BN_JJ flakes_NN2 was_VBDZ reduced_VVN to_II 2_MC m_NNO after_II the_AT ball_NN1 milling_NN1 process_NN1 (_( Fig_NN1 2d_NNU )_) ._. 
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<s>
In_II recent_JJ years_NNT2 ,_, due_II21 to_II22 the_AT rapid_JJ development_NN1 and_CC expansion_NN1 of_IO the_AT cities_NN2 in_II China_NP1 ,_, the_AT amount_NN1 of_IO municipal_JJ solid_JJ waste_NN1 generation_NN1 increased_VVD rapidly_RR ._. 
</s>
<s>
However_RR ,_, more_RGR uniform_JJ and_CC thick_JJ Ag_FO layer_NN1 well_RR arranged_VVN to_TO cellulose_VVI composite_JJ sponges_NN2 as_II a_AT1 whole_NN1 (_( see_VV0 Fig_NN1 S4(b)_FO and_CC (_( c_ZZ1 )_) )_) ,_, making_VVG the_AT EMI_NP1 SE_ND1 of_IO 90_MC min_NNU was_VBDZ higher_JJR than_CSN that_DD1 of_IO 60_MC min_NNU when_CS frequencies_NN2 were_VBDR =100MHz_FO ._. 
</s>
<s>
It_PPH1 is_VBZ understandable_JJ that_CST lithium_NN1 ions_NN2 have_VH0 to_TO diffuse_VVI through_II the_AT thick_JJ AurGO_NN1 film_NN1 down_RP to_II the_AT bottom_JJ layers_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Structural_JJ Parameters_NN2 of_IO the_AT Prepared_JJ Solids_NN2 Calculated_VVN from_II DLS_NP1 and_CC N2_FO Isotherms_NN2 ,_, and_CC Content_NN1 (_( )_) of_IO Anchored_JJ Nanocrystals_NP1 and_CC Cargo_NN1 (_( dye_NN1 or_CC drug_NN1 )_) in_II g/_FU (_( g_ZZ1 of_IO SiO2_FO )_) -1_MC for_IF S0_FO ,_, S1-Saf_NP1 ,_, S1-Epi_NN1 ,_, S2-Saf_NP1 ,_, and_CC S2-Epi_JJ aHydrodynamic_JJ diameters_NN2 by_II DLS_NP1 measurements_NN2 (_( average_JJ values_NN2 from_II 6_MC independent_JJ measurements_NN2 )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
However_RR ,_, bone_NN1 ingrowth_NN1 ratio_NN1 in_II the_AT proximal_JJ segment_NN1 was_VBDZ 92.3%_FO ±_FO 6.2%_FO in_II the_AT FGS_NP2 group_NN1 ,_, which_DDQ was_VBDZ significantly_RR higher_JJR than_CSN 69.5%_FO ±_FO 18.3%_FO in_II the_AT CD_NN1 group_NN1 (_( p_ZZ1 =_FO 0.01_MC )_) and_CC 54.0%_FO ±_FO 22.2%_FO in_II the_AT BMMC_NP1 group_NN1 (_( P_ZZ1 =_FO 0.005_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT surface_NN1 sections_NN2 of_IO single_JJ fiber_NN1 were_VBDR observed_VVN with_IW transmission_NN1 electron_NN1 microscopy_NN1 (_( TEM_NP1 ,_, Hitachi_NP1 H-7650_MC ,_, Japan_NP1 )_) at_II an_AT1 accelerating_JJ voltage_NN1 of_IO 100_MC kV_NNU ._. 
</s>
<s>
According_II21 to_II22 the_AT configuration_NN1 coordinate_VV0 diagram_NN1 depicted_VVN in_II Fig_NN1 4(c)_FO ,_, the_AT increase_NN1 in_II the_AT energy_NN1 barrier_NN1 EB_NN1 is_VBZ expected_VVN to_TO be_VBI accompanied_VVN by_II the_AT movement_NN1 of_IO the_AT trap_NN1 emission_NN1 path_NN1 ._. 
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The_AT largest_JJT increase_NN1 in_II the_AT yield_NN1 stress_NN1 ,_, shown_VVN as_CSA solid_JJ symbols_NN2 ,_, is_VBZ obtained_VVN for_IF region_NN1 sizes_NN2 dRe_NN1 ._. 
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This_DD1 approach_NN1 can_VM be_VBI generalized_VVN to_TO fabricate_VVI FETs_NN2 using_VVG other_JJ two-dimensional_JJ materials_NN2 on_II other_JJ insulating/wide-bandgap_JJ semiconductor_NN1 substrates_NN2 ,_, without_IW the_AT need_NN1 to_TO fabricate_VVI multilayer_NN1 structures_NN2 for_IF top_JJ gates_NN2 ._. 
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In_II summary_NN1 ,_, we_PPIS2 have_VH0 ,_, for_IF the_AT first_MD time_NNT1 ,_, demonstrated_VVD a_AT1 photoelectrochemical_JJ cell_NN1 based_VVN on_II a_AT1 g-C3N4_JJ photocatalyst_NN1 using_VVG O2/H2O_NN1 redox_NN1 couples_NN2 ,_, which_DDQ is_VBZ a_AT1 huge_JJ challenge_NN1 because_II21 of_II22 the_AT enormous_JJ overpotentials_NN2 for_IF both_DB2 the_AT oxygen_NN1 production_NN1 and_CC consumption_NN1 reactions_NN2 ._. 
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However_RR ,_, bright_JJ areas_NN2 indicate_VV0 the_AT direction_NN1 of_IO magnetic_JJ moments_NN2 pointing_VVG to_II the_AT top_JJ side_NN1 of_IO the_AT surface_NN1 ._. 
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A_AT1 bovine_JJ tendon-derived_JJ type_NN1 I_MC1 collagen_NN1 sponge_NN1 (_( Collaplug_NP1 ,_, Integra_NP1 LifeSciences_NP2 Corp_NN1 ,_, Plainsboro_NP1 ,_, NJ_NP1 ,_, USA_NP1 )_) &lsqb;_( 46_MC &rsqb;_) was_VBDZ used_VVN as_II a_AT1 cell_NN1 transplantation_NN1 vehicle_NN1 ._. 
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Mg_NNU and_CC Al_NP1 were_VBDR intermixed_VVN and_CC presented_VVN intercalated_JJ strips_NN2 microstructure_VV0 ._. 
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<s>
ITO_NP1 substrates_NN2 underwent_VVD an_AT1 oxygen_NN1 plasma_NN1 treatment_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
However_RRQV the_AT electrical_JJ conductivity_NN1 of_IO PANA_NN1 is_VBZ poor_JJ as_CSA compared_VVN with_IW PANI_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Combining_VVG graphene_NN1 with_IW magnetic_JJ materials_NN2 (_( such_II21 as_II22 iron_NN1 ,_, cobalt_NN1 ,_, nickel_NN1 and_CC their_APPGE oxides_NN2 ,_, etc._RA )_) can_VM be_VBI in_II31 favour_II32 of_II33 enhancing_VVG the_AT EMI_NP1 SE_NP1 values_NN2 of_IO the_AT polymer_NN1 composites_NN2 &lsqb;_( &lsqb;_( 31_MC &rsqb;_) ,_, &lsqb;_( 32_MC &rsqb;_) ,_, &lsqb;_( 33_MC &rsqb;_) &rsqb;_) ._. 
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<s>
The_AT Al3Ti_FO 2DC_FO is_VBZ situated_VVN on_II31 top_II32 of_II33 the_AT Ti-terminated_NN1 (_( 0_MC 0_MC 0_MC 1_MC1 )_) TiB2_FO surface_NN1 with_IW a_AT1 smaller_JJR plane_NN1 spacing_NN1 of_IO 0.25_MC ±_FO 0.01_MC nm_FU ._. 
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<s>
Single_JJ cells_NN2 with_IW oxygen_NN1 electrode_NN1 ,_, conventional_JJ YSZ_NN1 thin-film_NN1 electrolyte_NN1 and_CC Ni–YSZ_NP1 fuel_NN1 electrode_NN1 yielded_VVD good_JJ performance_NN1 and_CC stability_NN1 at_II intermediate_JJ temperatures_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
It_PPH1 is_VBZ found_VVN that_CST at_II a_AT1 lower_JJR piston_NN1 velocity_NN1 (_( Fig_NN1 16(a)_FO )_) ,_, the_AT number_NN1 of_IO icosahedral_JJ clusters_NN2 started_VVD to_TO decrease_VVI for_IF both_DB2 the_AT specimens_NN2 after_II 4_MC ps_NNU2 ._. 
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<s>
After_II 7_MC days_NNT2 of_IO culture_NN1 ,_, sections_NN2 of_IO intrascaffold_JJ osteoblasts_NN2 were_VBDR stained_VVN using_VVG alizarin_NN1 red_NN1 (_( 0.2%_FO ,_, Solarbio_NP1 ,_, Beijing_NP1 ,_, China_NP1 )_) to_TO evaluate_VVI the_AT mineralization_NN1 and_CC ossification_NN1 at_II room_NN1 temperature_NN1 for_IF 30_MC min_NNU ._. 
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<s>
SPIO_NP1 nanoworms_NN2 were_VBDR preincubated_VVN in_II plasma_NN1 and_CC the_AT bound_JJ proteins_NN2 were_VBDR quickly_RR labelled_VVN with_IW IRDye_NP1 680_MC to_TO minimize_VVI loss_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Although_CS stacking_NN1 faults_NN2 can_VM relax_VVI lattice_NN1 strain_NN1 ,_, lattice_NN1 distortion_NN1 is_VBZ still_RR inevitable_JJ ._. 
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<s>
After_CS freeze_NN1 drying_NN1 ,_, a_AT1 vertically_RR oriented_VVD 3D_NNU CNF/SiCMWs_NP1 framework_NN1 was_VBDZ obtained_VVN ,_, as_CSA shown_VVN in_II Fig_NN1 3a_FO ._. 
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The_AT experimental_JJ protocol_NN1 was_VBDZ performed_VVN with_IW the_AT approval_NN1 of_IO the_AT Institutional_JJ Animal_NN1 Care_NN1 and_CC Use_VV0 Committee_NN1 of_IO Zhejiang_NP1 University_NN1 School_NN1 of_IO Medicine_NN1 (_( Protocol_NN1 No_UH ._. 
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<s>
ZJU20160446_FO )_) and_CC followed_VVD the_AT National_JJ Guidelines_NN2 for_IF Animal_NN1 Protection_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Fig_NN1 2_MC a_ZZ1 )_) Sketch_NN1 of_IO hybrid_JJ raw_JJ parts_NN2 with_IW different_JJ geometries_NN2 and_CC b_ZZ1 )_) longitudinal_JJ section_NN1 of_IO steel-aluminum-shafts_NN2 made_VVN of_IO these_DD2 raw_JJ part_NN1 geometries_NN2 by_II forward_JJ rod_NN1 extrusion_NN1 (_( ε_FO =_FO 1.0_MC )_) ._. 
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It_PPH1 results_VVZ in_II great_JJ impedance_NN1 on_II the_AT development_NN1 of_IO membrane_NN1 technology_NN1 for_IF practical_JJ oil/water_NN1 separation_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Ni-alloy_JJ specimen_NN1 subjected_VVN to_II a_AT1 tensile_JJ load_NN1 manually_RR applied_VVN by_II a_AT1 uniaxial_JJ loading_NN1 stage_NN1 ;_; b_ZZ1 )_) AISI_NN1 1040_MC specimen_NN1 disk_NN1 hot-mounted_NN1 in_II a_AT1 resin_NN1 and_CC placed_VVN on_II the_AT vertical_JJ translation_NN1 stage_NN1 of_IO an_AT1 indentation_NN1 testing_NN1 machine_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT separation_NN1 results_NN2 for_IF different_JJ cable_NN1 sizes_NN2 and_CC various_JJ ball_NN1 milling_NN1 times_NNT2 with_IW 20_MC mm_NNU balls_NN2 are_VBR shown_VVN in_II Fig_NN1 6(b)_FO (_( Entries_NN2 13–15_MCMC in_II Table_NN1 2_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
The_AT in-plane_NN1 orientation_NN1 was_VBDZ confirmed_VVN by_II a_AT1 45°_NNU separation_NN1 of_IO the_AT SrTiO3(101)_FO and_CC Si(202)_FO reflection_NN1 peaks_NN2 in_II a_AT1 XRD_NP1 scan_NN1 in_II Figure_NN1 1d_NNU ._. 
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This_DD1 route_NN1 is_VBZ effective_JJ for_IF strong_JJ wide-frequency_JJ phonon_NN1 scattering_VVG ,_, which_DDQ under_II the_AT right_JJ circumstances_NN2 ,_, can_VM be_VBI achieved_VVN without_IW serious_JJ deterioration_NN1 of_IO the_AT carrier_NN1 mobility_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
In_II this_DD1 study_NN1 ,_, our_APPGE groups_NN2 have_VH0 developed_VVN a_AT1 novel_JJ process_NN1 to_TO concentrate_VVI precious_JJ metals_NN2 from_II WPCBs_NP1 using_VVG super-gravity_NN1 technology_NN1 in_II an_AT1 efficient_JJ and_CC economic_JJ manner_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Green_JJ squares_NN2 and_CC red_JJ circles_NN2 correspond_VV0 to_II the_AT data_NN set_VV0 obtained_VVN from_II two_MC different_JJ FKM_NP1 samples_NN2 with_IW initial_JJ slow_JJ optic_NN1 axis_NN1 angles_NN2 of_IO θ_NULL 0_MC =_FO 0°_NNU and_CC 60°_NNU ._. 
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<s>
All_DB polymeric_JJ melts_VVZ have_VH0 the_AT lowest_JJT value_NN1 of_IO Tan_NN1 δ_FO at_II the_AT highest_JJT temperature_NN1 and_CC lowest_JJT frequency_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT thicknesses_NN2 of_IO the_AT terraces_NN2 are_VBR labeled_VVN by_II the_AT number_NN1 of_IO AL_NP1 ._. 
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<s>
GA_NP1 has_VHZ been_VBN widely_RR employed_VVN to_TO tackle_VVI many_DA2 optimization_NN1 problems_NN2 in_II the_AT field_NN1 of_IO composites_NN2 &lsqb;_( 12_MC ,_, &lsqb;_( 39_MC &rsqb;_) ,_, &lsqb;_( 40_MC &rsqb;_) ,_, &lsqb;_( 41_MC &rsqb;_) &rsqb;_) ._. 
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<s>
The_AT spectra_NN2 were_VBDR obtained_VVN at_II 5_MC K_ZZ1 under_II zero-field_NN1 and_CC in-field_NN1 (_( 5_MC T_ZZ1 )_) paralleled_VVD to_II the_AT γ_NULL -beam_NN1 ._. 
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Responding_VVG survival_NN1 fraction_NN1 of_IO B16F10_FO and_CC 4T1_FO cells_NN2 with_IW different_JJ treatments_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
XRD_NP1 patterns_NN2 of_IO U-ONN_NP1 and_CC P-ONN_JJ samples_NN2 polarized_VVN at_II different_JJ voltages_NN2 (_( 0.25–2.50_MCMC kV_NNU )_) are_VBR given_VVN in_II Fig_NN1 5_MC ._. 
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<s>
Furthermore_RR ,_, as_CSA shown_VVN in_II Fig_NN1 4f_RA ,_, the_AT NC-TNO@TiC/C_NP1 electrode_NN1 exhibits_VVZ the_AT best_JJT high-rate_JJ capability_NN1 with_IW the_AT highest_JJT capacities_NN2 at_II various_JJ current_JJ densities_NN2 from_II 1_MC1 to_II 50C_FO ._. 
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<s>
Set_VV0 at_II 1C_FO ,_, the_AT NC-TNO@TiC/C_NP1 electrode_NN1 delivers_VVZ a_AT1 capacity_NN1 of_IO 318mAhg1_FO ._. 
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<s>
After_CS exfoliation_NN1 ,_, much_RR thinner_JJR and_CC smaller_JJR BNNS_NP1 were_VBDR obtained_VVN ,_, as_CSA can_VM be_VBI observed_VVN in_II Fig_NN1 3a_FO and_CC b_ZZ1 ._. 
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<s>
With_IW the_AT two_MC cycles_NN2 of_IO the_AT dynamic_JJ spin-coating_JJ process_NN1 ,_, we_PPIS2 achieved_VVD a_AT1 maximum_JJ PCE_NN1 of_IO 18.50%_FO with_IW an_AT1 average_JJ PCE_NN1 of_IO 17.06_MC ±_FO 0.42%_FO ,_, which_DDQ shows_VVZ far_RR improved_JJ values_NN2 and_CC enhanced_JJ producibility_NN1 compared_VVN with_IW 14.79_MC ±_FO 1.82%_FO ,_, obtained_VVN from_II the_AT conventional_JJ static_JJ spin-coating_JJ method_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT anti-reflective_JJ textured_JJ film_NN1 was_VBDZ defined_VVN on_II31 top_II32 of_II33 the_AT glass_NN1 with_IW the_AT following_JJ structure_NN1 at_II the_AT glass/air_NN1 interface_NN1 :_: 1_MC1 mm_NNU PV6100_FO glue_NN1 ,_, 50_MC m_NNO PET_NN1 and_CC 20_MC m_NNO lacquer_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT improvement_NN1 of_IO the_AT cancer_NN1 therapeutic_JJ outcomes_NN2 via_II synergy_NN1 of_IO other_JJ therapy_NN1 and_CC RT_NN1 based_VVN on_II nanocarriers_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT development_NN1 of_IO colloidal_JJ synthesis_NN1 has_VHZ progressed_VVN to_II the_AT point_NN1 that_CST it_PPH1 becomes_VVZ routine_NN1 to_TO produce_VVI nanocrystals_NN2 with_IW wellcontrolled_JJ size_NN1 ,_, shape_NN1 ,_, composition_NN1 ,_, and_CC surface_NN1 properties_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT AFM_JJ images_NN2 shown_VVN in_II Fig_NN1 5_MC illustrate_VV0 an_AT1 increasing_JJ number_NN1 and_CC height_NN1 of_IO peaks_NN2 on_II the_AT film_NN1 surface_NN1 with_IW increasing_JJ immersion_NN1 time_NNT1 ._. 
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<s>
These_DD2 increase_VV0 in_II the_AT interfacial_JJ contact_NN1 area_NN1 and_CC better_JJR light_NN1 harvesting_VVG ability_NN1 in_II the_AT S2_FO nanocomposite_NN1 system_NN1 as_CSA compared_VVN with_IW S1_FO ._. 
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<s>
Sample_NN1 was_VBDZ then_RT illuminated_VVN by_II an_AT1 array_NN1 of_IO LED_NN1 diodes_NN2 and_CC regulation_NN1 rings_NN2 of_IO the_AT optics_NN1 were_VBDR set_VVN to_TO get_VVI in-focus_JJ images_NN2 by_II both_DB2 the_AT cameras_NN2 and_CC to_TO guarantee_VVI enough_DD illumination_NN1 without_IW saturation_NN1 at_II any_DD pixel_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT two_MC measures_NN2 used_VVN in_II the_AT current_JJ work_NN1 ,_, one_MC1 reactivity_NN1 index_NN1 H2/Ar_FU ,_, and_CC the_AT other_JJ lattice_NN1 volume_NN1 could_VM be_VBI used_VVN in_II identifying_VVG the_AT potential_JJ candidates_NN2 for_IF separation_NN1 membranes_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
To_TO compare_VVI the_AT growth_NN1 behaviors_NN2 of_IO isolated_JJ (_( no_AT physical_JJ contact_NN1 )_) γ_NULL '_NULL and_CC γ_NULL "_" precipitates_VVZ to_II those_DD2 of_IO their_APPGE counterparts_NN2 in_II the_AT coprecipitates_NN2 ,_, parallel_JJ simulations_NN2 are_VBR carried_VVN out_RP ._. 
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<s>
It_PPH1 is_VBZ shown_VVN in_II Fig_NN1 10_MC and_CC Fig_NN1 11_MC that_DD1 with_IW the_AT increase_NN1 in_II the_AT piston_NN1 velocity_NN1 ,_, the_AT length_NN1 of_IO the_AT final_JJ specimen_NN1 have_VH0 been_VBN correspondingly_RR reduced_VVN to_II a_AT1 greater_JJR magnitude_NN1 respectively_RR ._. 
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<s>
The_AT observed_JJ coordination_NN1 number_NN1 of_IO the_AT Cl–_JJ ion_NN1 of_IO this_DD1 complex_NN1 was_VBDZ found_VVN to_TO be_VBI four_MC ._. 
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<s>
The_AT crystal_NN1 phases_NN2 of_IO the_AT sample_NN1 were_VBDR investigated_VVN by_II using_VVG a_AT1 powder_NN1 X-ray_NN1 diffractometer_NN1 (_( XRD_NP1 ,_, Rigaku_NP1 D/max-2200PC_FU )_) with_IW Cu_FO Ka_NN1 (_( =0.15418nm_FO radiation_NN1 )_) ._. 
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<s>
As_CSA listed_VVN in_II Table_NN1 1_MC1 ,_, compared_VVN with_IW the_AT TMS_NP1 materials_NN2 reported_VVD previously_RR ,_, the_AT sodium_NN1 storage_NN1 performances_NN2 of_IO NiS2@C@C_FO electrode_NN1 are_VBR remarkable_JJ ._. 
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<s>
Moreover_RR ,_, the_AT designed_JJ scaffold_NN1 allows_VVZ successful_JJ shape_NN1 recovery_NN1 after_II epicardial_JJ delivery_NN1 on_II a_AT1 beating_JJ porcine_JJ heart_NN1 ,_, without_IW negative_JJ effects_NN2 on_II the_AT engineered_JJ construct_NN1 and_CC iPSCCM_JJ viability_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
These_DD2 measured_JJ mobilities_NN2 give_VV0 further_JJR insight_NN1 into_II the_AT degree_NN1 of_IO electronic_JJ delocalization_NN1 in_II K_ZZ1 x_ZZ1 Fe2(BDP)3_FO ._. 
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<s>
The_AT pathway_NN1 diameter_NN1 of_IO 400_MC m_NNO and_CC tool_NN1 speed_NN1 of_IO 1000_MC rpm_NNU were_VBDR found_VVN to_TO record_VVI minimum_JJ machining_JJ time_NNT1 for_IF both_DB2 the_AT electrode_NN1 types_NN2 (_( i.e._REX electrode_NN1 with_IW pathway_NN1 angle_NN1 of_IO 60°_NNU and_CC 75°_NNU )_) ._. 
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<s>
The_AT substrate_NN1 was_VBDZ tight-contacted_JJ from_II the_AT bottom_NN1 using_VVG conductive_JJ carbon_NN1 paste_NN1 to_II the_AT glassy_JJ carbon_NN1 disk_NN1 insert_NN1 (_( Pine_NN1 Research_NN1 )_) ._. 
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<s>
Given_VVN the_AT complexities_NN2 discussed_VVN in_II the_AT previous_JJ section_NN1 ,_, we_PPIS2 select_VV0 a_AT1 model_NN1 system_NN1 of_IO PCBM_NP1 and_CC an_AT1 amorphous_JJ nonconjugated_JJ polymer_NN1 ,_, polystyrene_NN1 (_( PS_NN1 )_) ,_, in_BCL21 order_BCL22 to_TO resolve_VVI the_AT physical–chemical_JJ changes_NN2 of_IO PCBM_NP1 alone_RR ._. 
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<s>
The_AT tolerance_NN1 improvement_NN1 of_IO the_AT engineered_JJ strain_NN1 over_II the_AT wild-type_JJ strain_NN1 is_VBZ presented_VVN as_CSA fold_NN1 change_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Considering_CS the_AT individual_JJ contribution_NN1 made_VVN by_II different_JJ strengthening_NN1 mechanisms_NN2 ,_, the_AT flow_NN1 stress_NN1 can_VM be_VBI expressed_VVN as_CSA FORMULA_NN1 ,_, where_CS 0_MC is_VBZ the_AT lattice_NN1 friction_NN1 stress_NN1 ,_, ss_FO denotes_VVZ the_AT stress_NN1 introduced_VVN by_II the_AT solutes_NN2 and_CC b_ZZ1 represents_VVZ the_AT back_NN1 stress_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
These_DD2 four_MC metals_NN2 have_VH0 been_VBN verified_VVN as_II the_AT main_JJ factors_NN2 that_CST are_VBR connected_VVN with_IW phosphorus_NN1 recovery_NN1 (_( Heilmann_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2014_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
Electrochemical_JJ impedance_NN1 spectroscopy_NN1 (_( EIS_NP1 )_) was_VBDZ performed_VVN from_II 10_MC kHz_NNU to_II 0.1_MC Hz_NNU in_II the_AT EQCM-D_NP1 electrochemical_JJ cell_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
This_DD1 allows_VVZ direct_JJ transfer_NN1 of_IO the_AT OWLS_NN2 findings_NN2 to_II chips_NN2 designed_VVN for_IF molography_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
In_RR21 addition_RR22 ,_, some_DD small_JJ amounts_NN2 of_IO lead_NN1 oxide_NN1 PbO_NN1 (_( JCPDS_NP1 01-076-1796_MCMC )_) was_VBDZ detected_VVN in_II the_AT starting_NN1 PT_NN1 powder_NN1 ,_, which_DDQ is_VBZ completely_RR removed_VVN after_II the_AT calcination_NN1 steps_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
We_PPIS2 attribute_VV0 this_DD1 asymmetry_NN1 to_II more_DAR (_( less_RRR )_) accumulated_VVD (_( depleted_JJ )_) electrons_NN2 under_II the_AT preceding_JJ positive_JJ (_( negative_JJ )_) gate_NN1 bias_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 given_JJ intensity_NN1 and_CC therefore_RR less_RRR (_( more_RRR )_) complete_JJ recovery_NN1 of_IO channel_NN1 carrier_NN1 density_NN1 on_II the_AT arrival_NN1 of_IO the_AT subsequent_JJ pulse_NN1 in_II a_AT1 given_JJ time_NNT1 interval_NN1 ,_, as_CSA can_VM be_VBI deduced_VVN from_II the_AT transconductance_NN1 of_IO our_APPGE ntype_NN1 device_NN1 in_II the_AT depletion_NN1 mode_NN1 (_( see_VV0 Figure_NN1 1d_NNU )_) ._. 
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Staining_VVG patterns_NN2 were_VBDR consistent_JJ for_IF samples_NN2 across_II independent_JJ runs_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Fig_NN1 4_MC (_( a_ZZ1 )_) shows_VVZ the_AT real_JJ system_NN1 where_CS the_AT material_NN1 is_VBZ cracked_VVN in_II one_MC1 end_NN1 ,_, followed_VVN by_II the_AT damage_NN1 zone_NN1 and_CC finally_RR the_AT non-damaged_JJ material_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Since_CS ,_, clay_NN1 is_VBZ an_AT1 aluminium_NN1 silicates_NN2 and_CC silicates_NN2 are_VBR only_RR dissolvable_JJ in_II HF_NP1 ._. 
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<s>
Beckman_NP1 Coulter_NP1 Allegra_NP1 64R_FO centrifuge_NN1 and_CC Fisherbrand_NP1 FB_NP1 11203_MC ultrasonicator_NN1 were_VBDR used_VVN during_II experiments_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT voltage_NN1 windows_NN2 were_VBDR selected_VVN based_VVN on_II the_AT voltage_NN1 range_NN1 of_IO the_AT cathode_NN1 material_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT signals_NN2 yielded_VVN by_II human_JJ serum_NN1 from_II liver_NN1 cancer_NN1 patients_NN2 were_VBDR significantly_RR higher_JJR than_CSN that_DD1 yielded_VVD by_II healthy_JJ human_JJ serum_NN1 ,_, and_CC they_PPHS2 were_VBDR facile_JJ to_TO be_VBI distinguished_VVN by_II naked_JJ eye_NN1 (_( Figure_NN1 5E_FO )_) ._. 
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<s>
HNTs_NP1 can_VM be_VBI used_VVN as_CSA adsorbents_NN2 for_IF removal_NN1 of_IO several_DA2 kinds_NN2 of_IO heavy_JJ metal_NN1 ions_NN2 (_( Cu(II)_NP1 ,_, Pb(II)_NP1 ,_, Cd(II)_MC ,_, Zn(II)_NP1 ,_, Cr(IV)_NP1 ,_, and_CC Co(II)_NP1 )_) from_II the_AT contaminated_JJ water_NN1 &lsqb;_( 13_MC &rsqb;_) ._. 
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<s>
Atomically_RR thin_JJ transition_NN1 metal_NN1 dichalcogenides_NN2 (_( TMDs_NP1 )_) are_VBR of_IO interest_NN1 for_IF next-generation_JJ electronics_NN1 and_CC optoelectronics_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT slower_JJR martensite_NN1 formation_NN1 in_II 3Si-CRA_NP1 ,_, especially_RR at_II the_AT beginning_NN1 of_IO tensile_JJ testing_NN1 ,_, thus_RR effectively_RR delays_NN2 crack_VV0 initiation_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT original_JJ idea_NN1 of_IO this_DD1 project_NN1 was_VBDZ conceived_VVN by_II C.J.B._NP1 Polycrystalline_JJ lead_NN1 zirconate_NN1 titanate_NN1 (_( Pb&lsqb;ZrxTi1-x&rsqb;_NN1 O3_FO ,_, or_CC PZT_NP1 )_) is_VBZ ubiquitous_JJ in_II actuators_NN2 ,_, sensors_NN2 and_CC memory_NN1 devices_NN2 due_II21 to_II22 its_APPGE superior_JJ piezoelectric_JJ and_CC ferroelectric_JJ properties_NN2 &lsqb;_( &lsqb;_( 1_MC1 &rsqb;_) ,_, &lsqb;_( 2_MC &rsqb;_) ,_, &lsqb;_( 3_MC &rsqb;_) &rsqb;_) ._. 
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<s>
Eventually_RR ,_, the_AT basal_JJ dislocation_NN1 is_VBZ fully_RR consumed_VVN as_II the_AT TB_NN1 sweeps_VVZ through_II the_AT parent_NN1 (_( Fig_NN1 6b_FO )_) ._. 
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<s>
Fig_NN1 4_MC The_AT influence_NN1 of_IO the_AT beam_NN1 size_NN1 for_IF pure_JJ bending_NN1 for_IF source_NN1 model_NN1 S1_FO and_CC source_NN1 model_NN1 S2_FO are_VBR compared_VVN to_II DDD_NP1 simulations_NN2 for_IF pure_JJ bending_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Highly_RR porous_JJ ,_, nitrogen-doped_JJ carbons_NN2 as_CSA conductive_JJ host_NN1 structures_NN2 for_IF sulfur/lithium_NN1 sulfide_NN1 deposition_NN1 are_VBR shown_VVN herein_RR to_TO play_VVI a_AT1 critical_JJ role_NN1 in_II reversible_JJ cycling_NN1 at_II low_JJ electrolyte/sulfur_NN1 ratio_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT mechanical_JJ testing_NN1 was_VBDZ performed_VVN with_IW a_AT1 dynamic_JJ mechanical_JJ analyzer_NN1 (_( DMA_NP1 )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
For_IF applying_VVG LiTFSI-IL-P(VDF-HFP)_NP1 gel_NN1 electrolyte_NN1 in_II lithium_NN1 metal_NN1 batteries_NN2 ,_, full_JJ cells_NN2 with_IW lithium_NN1 metal_NN1 anode_NN1 ,_, LiFePO4_FO cathode_NN1 and_CC LiTFSI-IL-P(VDF-HFP)_NP1 electrolyte_NN1 were_VBDR assembled_VVN and_CC measured_VVN (_( Fig_NN1 4a_FO )_) ._. 
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<s>
The_AT GelMA_NP1 and_CC as-prepared_JJ hydrogels_NN2 were_VBDR characterized_VVN by_II 1H_FO NMR_NP1 at_II 40_MC °C_NNU with_IW D2O_FO as_II a_AT1 solvent_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT images_NN2 show_VV0 that_CST the_AT filler_NN1 particles_NN2 orient_VV0 preferentially_RR within_II the_AT pellets_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Meanwhile_RR ,_, some_DD small_JJ pores_NN2 tended_VVD to_TO merge_VVI into_II big_JJ ones_NN2 when_CS they_PPHS2 were_VBDR driven_VVN upwards_RL ,_, as_CSA shown_VVN in_II Fig_NN1 5(b)_FO and_CC (_( c_ZZ1 )_) ,_, which_DDQ was_VBDZ also_RR reported_VVN by_II (_( Chen_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2016_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
In_II this_DD1 case_NN1 ,_, HepG2_FO cells_NN2 cultured_VVN in_II a_AT1 cirrhotic_JJ mechanical_JJ environment_NN1 showed_VVD the_AT highest_JJT degree_NN1 of_IO invasion_NN1 into_II the_AT adjacent_JJ septa_NN1 regions_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Briefly_RR ,_, the_AT 500_MC mg_NNU of_IO polymer_NN1 and_CC N-ethylpiperidine_JJ hypophspite_NN1 (_( 10.5_MC mg_NNU ,_, 5.8_MC ×_II 10-2_MCMC mmol_NN1 ,_, 15_MC M_NNU equiv._NNU )_) were_VBDR dissolved_VVN in_II 5_MC mL_NNU of_IO DMF_NP1 ._. 
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<s>
Even_CS21 though_CS22 the_AT composite_JJ 15GF/3FN_NN1 has_VHZ more_RGR tensile_JJ strength_NN1 than_CSN the_AT other_JJ composites_NN2 ,_, adding_VVG three_MC multifilament_NN1 discarded_VVD fishnet_NN1 fiber_NN1 layers_NN2 increases_VVZ the_AT thickness_NN1 of_IO the_AT composite_JJ as_CSA shown_VVN in_II Table_NN1 2_MC ._. 
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<s>
According_II21 to_II22 tensile_JJ test_NN1 results_NN2 and_CC morphological_JJ observations_NN2 of_IO composites_NN2 prepared_VVN using_VVG two_MC different_JJ solvent_NN1 systems_NN2 at_II various_JJ immersion_NN1 times_NNT2 ,_, it_PPH1 was_VBDZ concluded_VVN that_CST composites_NN2 prepared_VVN at_II 60_MC min_NNU immersion_NN1 time_NNT1 in_II vp:vs_FO =_FO 1:1_MC solvent_NN1 gave_VVD good_JJ overall_JJ mechanical_JJ properties_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT formation_NN1 energy_NN1 of_IO this_DD1 configuration_NN1 is_VBZ calculated_VVN to_TO be_VBI -2.73_MC eV_NN1 for_IF two_MC K_ZZ1 atoms_NN2 ,_, and_CC the_AT average_JJ energy_NN1 is_VBZ -1.37_MC eV_NN1 for_IF each_DD1 K_ZZ1 atom_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT robot_NN1 encounters_VVZ puncture_NN1 damage_NN1 from_II a_AT1 hole_NN1 punch_NN1 and_CC the_AT electrical_JJ pathway_NN1 is_VBZ autonomously_RR reconfigured_VVN around_II the_AT damaged_JJ region_NN1 without_IW loss_NN1 of_IO electrical_JJ conductivity_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Three_MC samples_NN2 in_II the_AT same_DA parameter_NN1 were_VBDR tested_VVN ,_, and_CC the_AT average_JJ values_NN2 were_VBDR calculated_VVN as_II the_AT final_JJ strength_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
A_ZZ1 NIR_NP1 light-induced_JJ shape_NN1 memory_NN1 composite_NN1 with_IW light-induced_JJ plasticity_NN1 was_VBDZ prepared_VVN by_II incorporating_VVG graphene_NN1 oxide_NN1 (_( GO_VV0 )_) into_II cross-linked_JJ poly_NN1 (_( vinyl_NN1 butyral_NN1 )_) (_( PVB_NP1 )_) ._. 
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<s>
Carbon_NN1 nanotubes_NN2 have_VH0 been_VBN reported_VVN as_CSA efficient_JJ routes_NN2 for_IF increasing_VVG the_AT sensitivity_NN1 for_IF many_DA2 types_NN2 of_IO sensors_NN2 ,_, owing_II21 to_II22 their_APPGE good_JJ electrocatalytic_JJ property_NN1 and_CC capacity_NN1 for_IF biomolecule_NN1 immobilization._NNU (_( 24_MC ,_, 35_MC ,_, 36_MC )_) After_II being_VBG immobilized_VVN by_II the_AT chitosan_JJ film_NN1 and_CC carbon_NN1 nanotubes_NN2 ,_, the_AT glucose_NN1 oxidase_NN1 enzymes_NN2 accept_VV0 electrons_NN2 when_CS they_PPHS2 interact_VV0 with_IW glucose_NN1 in_II the_AT solution_NN1 and_CC thereafter_RT transfer_VV0 electrons_NN2 to_II molecular_JJ oxygen_NN1 ,_, consequently_RR producing_VVG hydrogen_NN1 peroxide_NN1 (_( H2O2_FO )_) ._. 
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<s>
The_AT generation_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 bubble_NN1 on_II the_AT electrode_NN1 was_VBDZ observed_VVN by_II optical_JJ microscopy_NN1 ,_, as_CSA shown_VVN in_II Fig_NN1 S2_FO ._. 
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<s>
We_PPIS2 found_VVD that_CST such_DA PCO_NN1 films_NN2 exhibited_VVD anisotropic_JJ chemical_JJ expansion_NN1 that_CST was_VBDZ more_RRR pronounced_VVN in_II the_AT direction_NN1 normal_JJ to_II the_AT interface_NN1 (_( y-component_NN1 )_) relative_II21 to_II22 the_AT direction_NN1 parallel_NN1 to_II the_AT film–substrate_JJ interface_NN1 (_( x-component_NN1 )_) ._. 
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<s>
The_AT Euler_NN1 angle_NN1 and_CC the_AT orientation_NN1 in_II IPF_NP1 map_NN1 refer_VV0 the_AT Euler_NN1 map_NN1 coloring_NN1 and_CC IPF_NP1 map_NN1 coloring_VVG in_II Fig_NN1 13_MC ._. 
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<s>
The_AT additional_JJ detailed_JJ matters_NN2 with_IW the_AT definition_NN1 and_CC relevant_JJ standard_NN1 of_IO hazardous_JJ properties_NN2 ,_, the_AT procedure_NN1 and_CC method_NN1 of_IO environmental_JJ assessment_NN1 ,_, the_AT preparation_NN1 method_NN1 of_IO the_AT environmental_JJ assessment_NN1 report_NN1 ,_, etc._RA ,_, as_CSA mentioned_VVN in_II the_AT Enforcement_NN1 Ordinance_NP1 and_CC Enforcement_NN1 Regulation_NN1 of_IO the_AT Wastes_NN2 Control_VV0 Act_NN1 ,_, are_VBR provided_VVN through_II the_AT Ministry_NN1 of_IO Environment_NN1 Notification_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT reaction_NN1 was_VBDZ then_RT heated_VVN to_II 80_MC °C_NNU and_CC incubated_VVN 8–12_MCMC h_ZZ1 without_IW stirring_JJ ._. 
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<s>
The_AT single-agent_JJ self-delivery_JJ system_NN1 with_IW dual-targeting_JJ strategy_NN1 was_VBDZ demonstrated_VVN to_TO be_VBI a_AT1 promising_JJ nanoplatform_NN1 for_IF synergistic_JJ tumor_NN1 therapy_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Moreover_RR ,_, Chakravarty_NP1 and_CC coworkers_NN2 reported_VVD an_AT1 ERtargeted_JJ oxovanadium(IV)_NN1 vitaminB6_FO complex_NN1 ,_, which_DDQ could_VM specifically_RR localize_VVI in_II ER_NP1 and_CC then_RT induce_VV0 ER_NP1 stress_NN1 under_II visible_JJ light_NN1 irradiation.77_FO As_II such_DA ,_, remarkable_JJ photocytotoxicity_NN1 was_VBDZ achieved_VVN on_II HeLa_NP1 and_CC MCF7_FO cancer_NN1 cells_NN2 based_VVN on_II ER_NP1 targeting_VVG ._. 
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<s>
Noticeably_RR ,_, the_AT addition_NN1 of_IO Cu_FO with_IW limited_JJ amount_NN1 does_VDZ not_XX affect_VVI this_DD1 evolution_NN1 trend_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Thus_RR ,_, we_PPIS2 may_VM conclude_VVI that_CST the_AT better_JJR catalytic_JJ performance_NN1 of_IO Fe45Pt35Cu20_FO is_VBZ due_II21 to_II22 the_AT composition_NN1 optimization_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 well–crystallized_JJ core–shell_NN1 structure_NN1 with_IW a_AT1 Pt_NN1 surface_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
BMSC_NP1 culture_NN1 was_VBDZ established_VVN from_II bone_NN1 marrow_NN1 aspirated_VVD from_II the_AT rat_NN1 right_NN1 femur_NN1 bone_NN1 (_( Fig_NN1 5A_FO )_) ._. 
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<s>
Typically_RR regarded_VVN as_II an_AT1 earlier_JJR marker_NN1 of_IO osteogenic_JJ differentiation_NN1 ,_, low_JJ levels_NN2 of_IO ALP_NP1 activity_NN1 may_VM have_VHI resulted_VVN from_II the_AT chosen_JJ timepoint_NN1 being_VBG too_RG late_JJ in_II the_AT culture_NN1 maturation_NN1 timeframe_NN1 &lsqb;_( 37_MC &rsqb;_) ._. 
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<s>
In_II31 view_II32 of_II33 upsetting_VVG only_RR happens_VVZ at_II the_AT vertical_JJ sidewall_NN1 ,_, the_AT challenge_NN1 of_IO THFG_NP1 is_VBZ whether_CSW the_AT compression_NN1 deformation_NN1 can_VM occur_VVI and_CC go_VVI on_RP for_IF a_AT1 straight_JJ plane_NN1 under_II the_AT supporting_JJ of_IO an_AT1 internal_JJ pressure_NN1 ._. 
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The_AT authors_NN2 declare_VV0 no_AT competing_JJ financial_JJ interest_NN1 ._. 
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The_AT protein_NN1 analyte_NN1 separation_NN1 utilized_VVD mouse_NN1 IgG_NN1 as_II the_AT model_NN1 marker_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
In_RR21 brief_RR22 ,_, after_II mixing_VVG and_CC homogenizing_VVG the_AT powders_NN2 ,_, each_DD1 patch_NN1 was_VBDZ melted_VVN in_II individual_JJ platinum_NN1 crucibles_NN2 within_II a_AT1 N2_FO environment_NN1 ,_, and_CC subsequently_RR quenched_VVD ,_, crushed_JJ and_CC homogenized_VVD using_VVG attrition_NN1 mills_NN2 (_( Akron_NP1 ,_, UT_NP1 ,_, USA_NP1 )_) and_CC comminuted_VVD back_RP to_II fine_JJ powders_NN2 ._. 
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Fig_NN1 6_MC The_AT chaperone_NN1 overexpression_NN1 strain_NN1 LJ014_FO uses_VVZ waste_JJ carbon_NN1 in_II the_AT FPF_NP1 stream_NN1 for_IF growth_NN1 ,_, energy_NN1 and_CC mcl-PHA_JJ production_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT sizephotocontrollable_JJ nanodrug_NN1 (_( DOXloaded_JJ NPs_NP1 )_) delivery_NN1 system_NN1 of_IO NPDOX/NRaptamer_NP1 nanocomplexes_VVZ for_IF enhanced_JJ nuclear_JJ uptake_NN1 ._. 
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Once_CS the_AT defect_NN1 sites_NN2 have_VH0 been_VBN filled_VVN ,_, the_AT additional_JJ Ag_FO and_CC Au_FO atoms_NN2 will_VM rapidly_RR diffuse_VVI across_II the_AT entire_JJ surface_NN1 of_IO each_DD1 nanocube_NN1 for_IF the_AT generation_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 nanocube_NN1 with_IW a_AT1 relatively_RR thin_JJ shell_NN1 made_VVN of_IO a_AT1 Ag–Au_NN1 alloy_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Extensive_JJ use_NN1 of_IO such_DA kind_NN1 of_IO epoxy_JJ resins_NN2 would_VM cause_VVI many_DA2 problems_NN2 such_II21 as_II22 rapid_JJ consumption_NN1 of_IO fossil-based_JJ resources_NN2 ,_, thermoset_VV0 waste_NN1 accumulation_NN1 and_CC human_JJ or_CC animal_NN1 health_NN1 threat_NN1 &lsqb;_( &lsqb;_( 4_MC &rsqb;_) ,_, &lsqb;_( 5_MC &rsqb;_) ,_, &lsqb;_( 6_MC &rsqb;_) ,_, &lsqb;_( 7_MC &rsqb;_) &rsqb;_) ._. 
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<s>
The_AT experimental_JJ CDB_NP1 ratio_NN1 curves_NN2 with_IW pure_JJ Al_NP1 as_CSA reference_NN1 for_IF STO_NP1 and_CC SLTO_NN1 ceramics_NN2 sintered_VVD at_II 1600_MC °C_NNU are_VBR given_VVN in_II Fig_NN1 8_MC ,_, and_CC the_AT ratio_NN1 curves_NN2 for_IF pure_JJ Ti_NN1 and_CC Al2O3_FO standards_NN2 are_VBR also_RR plotted_VVN ._. 
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<s>
The_AT counter_NN1 electrode_NN1 was_VBDZ a_AT1 carbon_NN1 rod_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Based_VVN on_II the_AT results_NN2 ,_, the_AT charges_NN2 are_VBR more_RRR delocalized_VVN on_II Co-MnO2_NP1 |_NULL OV_NP1 ,_, suggesting_VVG that_CST incorporating_VVG Co_NN1 atoms_NN2 and_CC O_ZZ1 vacancies_NN2 into_II the_AT lattice_NN1 can_VM boost_VVI the_AT electronegativity_NN1 of_IO MnO2_FO (_( Fig_NN1 S16_FO )_) ,_, which_DDQ is_VBZ consistent_JJ with_IW the_AT EIS_NN1 results_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
In_RR21 addition_RR22 ,_, atomic_JJ force_NN1 microscopy_NN1 (_( AFM_NP1 )_) images_NN2 and_CC transmission_NN1 spectra_NN2 for_IF Li-ZnO_NP1 films_NN2 were_VBDR shown_VVN in_II Fig_NN1 S3_FO and_CC S4_FO ,_, respectively_RR ,_, to_TO characterize_VVI the_AT film_NN1 quality_NN1 and_CC optical_JJ properties_NN2 ._. 
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Clearly_RR ,_, the_AT NIRcontrolled_JJ increase_NN1 in_II intracellular_JJ calcium_NN1 promoted_VVN the_AT osteoblastic_JJ differentiation_NN1 of_IO hMSCs_NNU ._. 
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<s>
Article_NN1 2_MC of_IO the_AT Seoul_NP1 Metropolitan_JJ government_NN1 ordinance_NN1 on_II waste_NN1 control_NN1 specifically_RR stipulates_VVZ that_CST the_AT mayor_NN1 of_IO Seoul_NP1 shall_VM assist_VVI and_CC coordinate_VVI the_AT waste_NN1 management_NN1 of_IO autonomous_JJ Gus_NP1 (_( LAS_NP1 ,_, 2018_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
Low_JJ order_NN1 modes_NN2 were_VBDR extensively_RR studied_VVN in_II a_AT1 previous_JJ work_NN1 ,_, showing_VVG a_AT1 moderate_JJ field_NN1 enhancement_NN1 of_IO order_NN1 30_MC in_II amplitude_NN1 ._. 
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In_II consequence_NN1 ,_, a_AT1 strongly_RR dependence_NN1 of_IO the_AT mechanical_JJ properties_NN2 of_IO the_AT material_NN1 with_IW the_AT postcuring_JJ process_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT fitting_JJ results_NN2 indicated_VVD that_CST the_AT asphalt_NN1 proportionally_RR reduced_VVD the_AT total_JJ Zn_NP1 concentration_NN1 available_JJ for_IF leaching_VVG and_CC the_AT total_JJ surface_NN1 site_NN1 concentration_NN1 used_VVN for_IF Zn_NP1 adsorption_NN1 ._. 
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Ultrasonication_NN1 mixing_NN1 was_VBDZ capable_JJ to_TO break_VVI the_AT agglomeration_NN1 of_IO particle_NN1 at_II nano_NN1 level_NN1 and_CC also_RR distribute_VV0 the_AT nanoparticle_NN1 in_II epoxy_JJ matrix_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
From_II this_DD1 point_NN1 onward_RL ,_, the_AT compositions_NN2 are_VBR termed_VVN as_CSA Yb_NP1 series_NN and_CC Fe_NP1 series_NN ,_, as_CSA shown_VVN in_II Table_NN1 S1_FO (_( Supporting_JJ Information_NN1 )_) ._. 
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<s>
While_CS the_AT defect_NN1 control_NN1 group_NN1 demonstrated_VVD no_AT movement_NN1 improvement_NN1 over_II the_AT course_NN1 of_IO the_AT study_NN1 where_CS all_DB experimental_JJ groups_NN2 showed_VVD an_AT1 increasing_JJ trend_NN1 of_IO scores_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
By_II applying_VVG an_AT1 AC_NN1 E-field_NN1 on_II the_AT in-plane_NN1 quadruple_JJ microelectrodes_NN2 ,_, the_AT catalytic_JJ nanomotors_NN2 can_VM be_VBI instantly_RR aligned_VVN along_II the_AT direction_NN1 of_IO the_AT AC_NN1 E-field_NN1 and_CC move_VV0 autonomously_RR in_II the_AT direction_NN1 with_IW the_AT Pt_NN1 segment_NN1 as_II the_AT front_NN1 ,_, as_CSA shown_VVN in_II the_AT schematic_JJ diagram_NN1 in_II Figure_NN1 1a_FO ,_, overlapped_VVD images_NN2 in_II Figure_NN1 1d_NNU ,_, and_CC movie_NN1 S1_FO ._. 
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<s>
A_AT1 comparative_JJ study_NN1 between_II current_JJ work_NN1 and_CC previous_JJ reports_NN2 based_VVN on_II different_JJ types_NN2 of_IO nanofibrillated_JJ aerogels_NN2 is_VBZ presented_VVN in_II Fig_NN1 12_MC ._. 
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Representative_JJ images_NN2 are_VBR shown_VVN in_II Figure_NN1 4_MC ._. 
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<s>
The_AT point_NN1 analysis_NN1 as_II31 well_II32 as_II33 the_AT average_JJ area_NN1 analysis_NN1 (_( Fig_NN1 7a_FO )_) of_IO the_AT chemical_JJ composition_NN1 confirmed_VVN Mg:Si_FO ratio_NN1 equal_JJ to_II 2:1_MC in_II obtained_VVD material_NN1 ,_, and_CC the_AT observed_JJ deviations_NN2 are_VBR very_RG small_JJ (_( significantly_RR less_DAR than_CSN the_AT measurement_NN1 uncertainty_NN1 )_) ._. 
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<s>
The_AT mechanical_JJ property_NN1 test_NN1 shows_VVZ that_CST the_AT tensile_JJ strength_NN1 increases_VVZ with_IW the_AT increasing_JJ weight_NN1 content_NN1 of_IO ZnOnws_NN2 ._. 
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However_RR ,_, owning_VVG to_II the_AT relative_JJ deficiency_NN1 of_IO the_AT Cu_FO atoms_NN2 ,_, the_AT following_JJ evolution_NN1 process_NN1 is_VBZ different_JJ ._. 
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<s>
Lipopolysaccharide_NP1 (_( LPS_NN2 )_) and_CC some_DD cytokines_NN2 &lsqb;_( 24_MC &rsqb;_) bind_VV0 to_II receptors_NN2 in_II the_AT cholesterol-rich_JJ domains_NN2 of_IO cell_NN1 membrane_NN1 ,_, internalize_VV0 via_II caveolar_JJ endocytosis_NN1 and_CC ignite_VV0 an_AT1 influx_NN1 of_IO superoxide_NN1 in_II endosomal_JJ lumen_NN1 &lsqb;_( 25_MC &rsqb;_) ,_, leading_VVG to_II pathological_JJ activation_NN1 of_IO cells_NN2 &lsqb;_( 26,27_MC &rsqb;_) ._. 
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<s>
For_IF a_AT1 catalyst_NN1 to_TO be_VBI successfully_RR employed_VVN on_II an_AT1 industrial_JJ scale_NN1 ,_, many_DA2 hurdles_NN2 need_VV0 to_TO be_VBI overcome_VVN ._. 
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<s>
A_AT1 laser_NN1 beam_NN1 with_IW a_AT1 wavelength_NN1 of_IO 532_MC nm_FU was_VBDZ focused_VVN through_II ×100_FO objective_JJ lens_NN1 (_( NA_FO =_FO 0.6_MC )_) onto_II the_AT device_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT principal_JJ polymer_NN1 group_NN1 in_II WEEP_NN1 are_VBR styrenics_NN2 ,_, including_II high-impact_JJ polystyrene_NN1 (_( HIPS_NN2 )_) ,_, acrylonitrile_JJ butadiene_NN1 styrene_NN1 (_( ABS_JJ )_) ,_, and_CC PC/ABS_FU (_( Achilias_NP2 and_CC Antonakou_NP1 ,_, 2015_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
To_TO determine_VVI the_AT viscosity_NN1 at_II different_JJ shear_VV0 rates_NN2 ,_, the_AT melt_NN1 was_VBDZ injected_VVN with_IW different_JJ injection_NN1 volume_NN1 rates_NN2 listed_VVN in_II Table_NN1 1_MC1 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT signals_NN2 from_II ε-_FO and_CC δ-bands_FO are_VBR marked_VVN by_II a_AT1 black_JJ circle_NN1 and_CC a_AT1 black_JJ square_NN1 ,_, respectively_RR ._. 
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More_RGR importantly_RR ,_, different_JJ from_II the_AT conventional_JJ complex_JJ synergy_NN1 with_IW various_JJ agents_NN2 ,_, this_DD1 subcellular_JJ dual_JJ targeting_VVG synergy_NN1 could_VM be_VBI achieved_VVN by_II a_AT1 simple_JJ single-agent_JJ self-delivery_JJ system_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Short_JJ membrane-inserted_JJ oligomers_NN2 thus_RR act_VV0 as_CSA nucleation_NN1 sites_NN2 that_CST promote_VV0 further_JJR assembly_NN1 growth_NN1 into_II larger_JJR arc-_NN1 and_CC ring-shaped_JJ transmembrane_NN1 pores_NN2 with_IW tighter_JJR subunit_NN1 packing_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT identical_JJ capacity_NN1 values_NN2 obtained_VVN under_II different_JJ loads_NN2 guarantee_VV0 the_AT validity_NN1 of_IO the_AT H2O2_FO storage/utilization_NN1 experiment_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Clearly_RR ,_, we_PPIS2 can_VM obtain_VVI the_AT height_NN1 image_NN1 (_( Fig_NN1 S1_FO (_( a_ZZ1 )_) )_) ,_, Young_NP1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 modulus_NN1 image_NN1 (_( Fig_NN1 S1_FO (_( b_ZZ1 )_) )_) and_CC adhesion_NN1 image_NN1 (_( Fig_NN1 S1_FO (_( c_ZZ1 )_) )_) with_IW high_JJ resolution_NN1 ._. 
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Fig_NN1 4_MC Setup_NN1 for_IF image_NN1 analysis_NN1 of_IO powder_NN1 coverage_NN1 on_II split_JJ build_NN1 platform_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
A_AT1 better_JJR control_NN1 of_IO the_AT vapor_NN1 plume_NN1 by_II the_AT shielding_JJ gas_NN1 flow_NN1 would_VM ensure_VVI a_AT1 more_RGR precise_JJ and_CC homogeneous_JJ tailoring_NN1 of_IO the_AT texture_NN1 in_II selective_JJ laser_NN1 melting_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Rechargeable_JJ batteries_NN2 ,_, especially_RR lithium_NN1 ion_NN1 batteries_NN2 ,_, have_VH0 long_RR dominated_VVN the_AT portable_JJ consumer_NN1 electronics_NN1 market_NN1 owing_II21 to_II22 their_APPGE high_JJ energy_NN1 density_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT helixes_NN2 were_VBDR obtained_VVN for_IF tensile_JJ strength–strain_NN1 measurements_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Streak_VV0 image_NN1 (_( i_ZZ1 )_) shows_VVZ formation_NN1 of_IO numerous_JJ undercuts_VVZ ._. 
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<s>
The_AT weld_NN1 joint_JJ fracture_NN1 occurred_VVD in_II the_AT cellular_JJ grain_NN1 zone_NN1 near_II the_AT fusion_NN1 line_NN1 by_II the_AT ductile_JJ mechanism_NN1 ._. 
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Lastly_RR ,_, we_PPIS2 confirmed_VVD that_CST the_AT predicted_JJ fiber_NN1 orientation_NN1 was_VBDZ imported_VVN into_II the_AT micromechanics_NN1 calculation_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Other_JJ important_JJ examples_NN2 include_VV0 the_AT IGSCC_NN1 of_IO Al_NP1 alloys47_FO and_CC high-strength_NN1 ,_, low-alloy_JJ steels_NN2 48_MC ,_, which_DDQ are_VBR related_VVN to_II hydrogen_NN1 embrittlement_NN1 processes_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Taken_VVN La0.7Sr0.3MnO3:ZnO_FO (_( LSMO:ZnO_FO )_) on_II STO_NP1 (_( 001_MC )_) as_II an_AT1 example_NN1 ,_, the_AT LSMO_NN1 phase_NN1 is_VBZ in_II tension_NN1 outofplane_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Room_NN1 temperature_NN1 AC_NN1 conductivity_NN1 of_IO PANA_NP1 and_CC PANA_NN1 with_IW different_JJ content_NN1 of_IO Fe3O4_FO nanoparticles_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Thus_RR ,_, NAC-treated_JJ BMSCs_NP1 might_VM not_XX only_RR have_VHI enhanced_VVN resistance_NN1 to_II apoptosis_NN1 induction_NN1 ,_, but_CCB also_RR exert_VV0 anti-inflammatory_JJ effects_NN2 by_II regulating_VVG immune_JJ cells_NN2 that_CST predominantly_RR act_VV0 in_II acute_JJ inflammation_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
After_CS the_AT procedure_NN1 residual_JJ lysine_NN1 monomers_NN2 that_CST failed_VVD to_II cross-link_NN1 to_II the_AT coating_NN1 are_VBR removed_VVN by_II rinsing_VVG with_IW deionized_JJ water_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT first_MD spectrum_NN1 (_( OCV_NP1 )_) is_VBZ similar_JJ to_II that_DD1 of_IO FPHH_NP1 ,_, confirming_VVG there_EX is_VBZ no_AT effect_NN1 of_IO the_AT electrode_NN1 formulation_NN1 or_CC the_AT Swagelok_NN1 cell_NN1 ,_, and_CC the_AT experimental_JJ data_NN were_VBDR fitted_VVN to_II two_MC doublets_NN2 (_( Figure_NN1 10b_FO )_) ._. 
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<s>
These_DD2 results_NN2 confirm_VV0 the_AT changes_NN2 in_II PS_NN1 chain_NN1 dynamics_NN in_II the_AT presence_NN1 of_IO nanoparticles_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
First-principles_NN2 calculations_NN2 for_IF fluorenone_NN1 GNRs_NP1 ,_, unfunctionalized_JJ chevron_NN1 GNRs_NP1 and_CC GNR_NP1 heterojunctions_NN2 were_VBDR performed_VVN using_VVG DFT_NP1 at_II the_AT LDA_NN1 level_NN1 ,_, as_CSA implemented_VVN in_II the_AT Quantum_NN1 ESPRESSO_NN1 package28_FO ._. 
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<s>
With_IW this_DD1 printing_NN1 process_NN1 ,_, we_PPIS2 show_VV0 that_CST thermo-plasmonic_JJ functions_NN2 can_VM be_VBI freely_RR patterned_JJ on_II any_DD substrate_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT conditioning_NN1 of_IO samples_NN2 was_VBDZ done_VDN to_TO evaluate_VVI the_AT moisture_NN1 absorption_NN1 of_IO aerogels_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Compared_VVN with_IW the_AT TEM_NN1 images_NN2 of_IO BCN@HCS_FO with_IW hollow_JJ structured_JJ cores_NN2 (_( Fig_NN1 2h_FO and_CC i_ZZ1 )_) ,_, the_AT TEM_NN1 images_NN2 (_( Fig_NN1 4e_FO and_CC f_ZZ1 )_) and_CC scanning_VVG TEM_NN1 image_NN1 (_( Fig_NN1 4g_NNU )_) of_IO BCN@HCS/S_FU with_IW solid_JJ cores_NN2 indicate_VV0 that_CST the_AT sulfur_NN1 of_IO BCN@HCS/S_FU is_VBZ mainly_RR loaded_VVN in_II the_AT inner_JJ void_NN1 of_IO BCN_NP1 ,_, which_DDQ is_VBZ confirmed_VVN by_II the_AT elemental_JJ mapping_NN1 (_( Fig_NN1 4g_NNU )_) ._. 
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<s>
IFSS_NN1 of_IO CF/EP_FU composite_NN1 was_VBDZ evaluated_VVN by_II microdebonding_VVG method_NN1 using_VVG interface_NN1 Strength_NN1 Tester_NN1 (_( MODEL_NN1 HM410_FO ,_, Japan_NP1 )_) ._. 
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<s>
The_AT GSH_NP1 levels_NN2 were_VBDR investigated_VVN by_II measuring_VVG the_AT absorbance_NN1 at_II 410_MC nm_FU of_IO UV–vis_NP1 spectrum_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Equation_NN1 4_MC asserts_VVZ that_CST if_CS a_AT1 nanocrystal_JJ is_VBZ made_VVN of_IO secondorder_NN1 phase_NN1 transition_NN1 material_NN1 ,_, the_AT slope_NN1 for_IF ln_NNU (_( -_- δ_NULL T_ZZ1 )_) should_VM be_VBI -2_MC ._. 
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<s>
All_DB pullout_NN1 tests_NN2 were_VBDR conducted_VVN using_VVG a_AT1 MTS_NP2 858_MC Mini_NP1 Bionix_NP1 II_MC mechanical_JJ load_NN1 frame_NN1 (_( MTS_NP2 Systems_NN2 ,_, Eden_NP1 Prairie_NN1 ,_, MN_FO ,_, USA_NP1 )_) ._. 
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<s>
The_AT mixture_NN1 to_TO form_VVI homogeneous_JJ solution_NN1 at_II magnetic_JJ stirring_JJ for_IF 1_MC1 ._. 
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<s>
One_MC1 of_IO the_AT advantages_NN2 of_IO 2–2type_NN1 nanocomposite_NN1 films_NN2 is_VBZ the_AT reduced_JJ leakage_NN1 current_NN1 ,_, which_DDQ is_VBZ an_AT1 issue_NN1 in_II VANs_NN2 due_II21 to_II22 the_AT low_JJ resistivity_NN1 magnetic_JJ component_NN1 running_VVG through_II the_AT film_NN1 thickness_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
At_II the_AT overpotential_JJ of_IO 800_MC mV_NNU ,_, VSe2_FO shows_VVZ the_AT highest_JJT TOF_NN1 number_NN1 of_IO 0.7_MC s-1_FO ._. 
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<s>
Large-scale_JJ acicular_JJ δ_FO was_VBDZ observed_VVN around_II the_AT irregular-shaped_JJ Laves_NN2 and_CC in_II the_AT γ_NULL base_NN1 ,_, as_CSA shown_VVN in_II Fig_NN1 2(a)_FO ._. 
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<s>
The_AT time-dependent_JJ dielectric_JJ response_NN1 functions_NN2 were_VBDR then_RT retrieved_VVN at_II each_DD1 δ_NULL tpp_NNU via_II Fourier_NP1 transformation_NN1 along_II the_AT tgate_NN1 axis_NN1 (_( Methods_NN2 and_CC Supplementary_JJ Information_NN1 )_) ._. 
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<s>
The_AT bulk_NN1 density_NN1 and_CC the_AT porosity_NN1 of_IO the_AT samples_NN2 were_VBDR measured_VVN by_II mercury_NN1 intrusion_NN1 porosimetry_NN1 (_( MIP_NP1 ,_, AutoPore_NP1 IV_MC 9500_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
The_AT voltage_NN1 and_CC current_JJ measured_VVN from_II the_AT TENG_NN1 based_VVN on_II PVDF_NP1 "_" +_FO "_" is_VBZ demonstrated_VVN in_II graphs_NN2 (_( c_ZZ1 and_CC e_ZZ1 )_) ,_, but_CCB in_II the_AT piezo-regime_NN1 in_II graphs_NN2 (_( d_ZZ1 and_CC f_ZZ1 )_) ,_, respectively_RR ._. 
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<s>
Heteroclustered_JJ surfaces_NN2 were_VBDR prepared_VVN to_TO contain_VVI a_AT1 50:50_MC ratio_NN1 of_IO integrin_NN1 to_II syndecan_NN1 binding_VVG peptides_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
SFc_NP1 ,_, PU7012_FO and_CC DI_NN1 water_NN1 were_VBDR added_VVN to_II the_AT reaction_NN1 tank_NN1 with_IW the_AT mechanical_JJ stirring_JJ ._. 
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<s>
This_DD1 fractional_JJ Josephson_NN1 effect_NN1 was_VBDZ predicted_VVN as_II a_AT1 detection_NN1 method_NN1 for_IF the_AT 4-periodic_JJ current–phase_NN1 relation_NN1 ,_, underlying_VVG the_AT Majorana_NP1 zero_MC mode27_FO ._. 
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<s>
Therefore_RR ,_, it_PPH1 is_VBZ understandable_JJ that_CST a_AT1 high_JJ discharge_NN1 capacity_NN1 of_IO 248_MC mAh_NN1 g-1_FO can_VM still_RR be_VBI obtained_VVN even_RR at_II an_AT1 extremely_RR high_JJ rate_NN1 of_IO 30_MC A_ZZ1 g-1_FO (_( Figure_NN1 12_MC g_NNU )_) ._. 
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<s>
Figure_NN1 3c_FO summarizes_VVZ the_AT variation_NN1 of_IO MS_NN1 and_CC the_AT coercivity_NN1 value_NN1 from_II each_DD1 step_NN1 for_IF the_AT synthesis_NN1 of_IO CoFe2O4–MnFe2O4_NP1 nanocubes_VVZ ._. 
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<s>
But_CCB the_AT subsequent_JJ subsections_NN2 will_VM shed_VVI more_RGR light_JJ on_II finding_VVG an_AT1 answer_NN1 to_II this_DD1 question_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Indeed_RR ,_, we_PPIS2 found_VVD that_CST BCNs_NP1 were_VBDR able_JK to_TO increase_VVI the_AT fluorescence_NN1 intensity_NN1 of_IO the_AT pyrene_NN1 solution_NN1 by_II approximately_RR twice_RR as_RG much_DA1 as_CSA PSs_NN2 (_( Figure_NN1 2b_FO )_) after_II 1_MC1 h_ZZ1 of_IO mixing_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Normalized_VVD to_II the_AT number_NN1 of_IO moles_NN2 of_IO Pb_FO ,_, the_AT measured_JJ Ti_JJ concentrations_NN2 were_VBDR x_MC =_FO 0_MC ,_, 21.7_MC ,_, 28.8_MC ,_, 33.0_MC ,_, 39.8_MC and_CC 48.5_MC ._. 
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<s>
When_CS MnOOH_NP1 is_VBZ used_VVN as_II the_AT substrate_NN1 ,_, there_EX is_VBZ a_AT1 redox_NN1 reaction_NN1 between_II MnOOH_NP1 and_CC KMnO4_FO at_II room_NN1 temperature_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT calculated_JJ formula_NN1 for_IF F-HKUST-1_NP1 was_VBDZ Cu3(H3BTC)1.92_NP1 (_( folic_JJ acid_NN1 )_) 0.12_MC :_: C_NP1 ,_, 35.95_MC ;_; H_ZZ1 ,_, 3.09_MC ;_; N_ZZ1 ,_, 2.43_MC ._. 
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<s>
For_IF the_AT measurement_NN1 of_IO the_AT electrochemical_JJ properties_NN2 of_IO these_DD2 as–prepared_JJ electrodes_NN2 ,_, Linear_JJ Sweep_NN1 Voltammetry_NN1 and_CC Cyclic_JJ Voltammetry_NN1 (_( CV_NN1 )_) techniques_NN2 were_VBDR used_VVN by_II a_AT1 computer_NN1 controlled_VVD electrochemical_JJ workstation_NN1 (_( CHI660D_FO )_) ,_, which_DDQ comprised_VVD one_MC1 of_IO the_AT as–fabricated_JJ FePtCu_NN1 or_CC Pt/C_NNU electrodes_NN2 as_II the_AT working_JJ electrode_NN1 ._. 
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The_AT torque_NN1 is_VBZ related_VVN to_II the_AT elastic_JJ modulus_NN1 and_CC determined_VVN by_II crosslink_NN1 density_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Therefore_RR ,_, the_AT remained_VVN solvent_NN1 or_CC oil_NN1 was_VBDZ contacted_VVN on_II the_AT cell_NN1 structure_NN1 of_IO the_AT foams_NN2 ,_, and_CC only_RR a_AT1 part_NN1 of_IO bulk_NN1 volume_NN1 is_VBZ available_JJ for_IF the_AT subsequent_JJ sorption_NN1 process_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
During_II service_NN1 life_NN1 ,_, certain_JJ automobile_NN1 structural_JJ component_NN1 such_II21 as_II22 cylinder_NN1 blocks_NN2 ,_, piston_NN1 ,_, brakes_NN2 and_CC discs/drums_NN2 &lsqb;_( 8_MC &rsqb;_) along_II21 with_II22 certain_JJ components_NN2 of_IO the_AT International_JJ Space_NN1 Station_NN1 &lsqb;_( 9_MC &rsqb;_) have_VH0 to_TO work_VVI under_II high-temperature_JJ conditions_NN2 ._. 
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Firstly_RR ,_, the_AT high_JJ electronic_JJ conductivity_NN1 from_II the_AT TiN_NN1 nanoparticles_NN2 and_CC NH3-trimmed_JJ carbon_NN1 host_NN1 ,_, greatly_RR facilitate_VV0 electron_NN1 transfer_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
It_PPH1 is_VBZ a_AT1 significant_JJ challenge_NN1 to_TO concurrently_RR achieve_VVI scalable_JJ fabrication_NN1 of_IO graphene_NN1 aerogels_VVZ with_IW three-dimensional_JJ (_( 3D_NNU )_) tailorable_JJ architectures_NN2 (_( e.g._REX ,_, lattice_NN1 structure_NN1 )_) and_CC controllable_JJ manipulation_NN1 of_IO microstructures_NN2 on_II the_AT multiscale_NN1 ._. 
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For_IF every_AT1 different_JJ antibody_NN1 used_VVD ,_, the_AT corresponding_JJ negative_JJ control_NN1 was_VBDZ used_VVN for_IF background_NN1 correction_NN1 after_II which_DDQ all_DB samples_NN2 were_VBDR contrasted_VVN to_II the_AT same_DA levels_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
However_RR ,_, when_CS seeded_VVN on_II the_AT 2D_NNU surface_NN1 of_IO the_AT hydrogels_NN2 ,_, osteosarcoma_NN1 cells_NN2 behaved_VVD differently_RR and_CC became_VVD sensitive_JJ to_II the_AT matrix_NN1 adhesion_NN1 ligand_NN1 density_NN1 because_CS they_PPHS2 were_VBDR "_" forced_VVN "_" to_TO attach_VVI to_II the_AT substrate_NN1 ,_, similar_JJ to_II anchorage-dependent_JJ osteoblasts_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
For_IF the_AT synthesis_NN1 of_IO the_AT Modoped_JJ BiVO4_FO electrode_NN1 ,_, different_JJ amounts_NN2 of_IO molybdenum_NN1 acetylacetonate_NN1 were_VBDR added_VVN to_II DMSO_NP1 containing_VVG 0.2_MC m_NNO vanadyl_NN1 acetylacetonate_NN1 ._. 
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Shot_NN1 peening_VVG (_( SP_NN1 )_) is_VBZ a_AT1 widely_RR used_JJ fatigue_NN1 life_NN1 improvement_NN1 process_NN1 consisting_VVG of_IO impacting_VVG a_AT1 metallic_JJ component_NN1 with_IW high-velocity_JJ shot_NN1 ._. 
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By_II a_AT1 localisation_NN1 of_IO the_AT heat_NN1 treatment_NN1 both_RR upper_JJ neck_NN1 thickness_NN1 tw_NNU and_CC residual_JJ bottom_JJ thickness_NN1 tb_NN1 rise_NN1 to_II 1.09_MC ±_FO 0.02_MC mm_NNU (_( 400_MC °C_NNU local_JJ )_) and_CC 1.49_MC ±_FO 0.01_MC mm_NNU (_( 400_MC °C_NNU local_JJ )_) ._. 
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<s>
NIH-3T3_JJ rat_NN1 fibroblasts_NN2 were_VBDR provided_VVN by_II Huaxi_JJ State_NN1 Key_NN1 Laboratory_NN1 of_IO Biotherapy_NP1 (_( Chengdu_NP1 ,_, China_NP1 )_) ._. 
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<s>
Perhaps_RR replacing_VVG the_AT sulfonic_JJ acid_NN1 group_NN1 with_IW an_AT1 ionic_JJ liquid_JJ functionalityprotic_JJ ,_, such_II21 as_II22 imidazole_NN1 45_MC ,_, or_CC aproticcould_VV0 allow_VV0 anhydrous_JJ proton_NN1 transport_NN1 or_CC cation/anion_NN1 transport_NN1 ,_, respectively_RR ,_, through_II the_AT layers_NN2 ,_, leading_VVG to_II next-generation_JJ electrochemical_JJ energy_NN1 storage_NN1 solutions_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
A_AT1 highly_RR conductive_JJ boron-doped_JJ ZnO_NN1 (_( BZO_NP1 )_) was_VBDZ developed_VVN by_II Zhang_NP1 et_RA21 al_RA22 via_II metal-organic_JJ chemical_JJ vapor_NN1 deposition_NN1 (_( MOCVD_NP1 )_) and_CC incorporated_VVN as_II an_AT1 alternative_JJ ESL_NN1 in_II a_AT1 Si_FW heterojunction_NN1 solar_JJ cell_NN1 &lsqb;_( 22_MC &rsqb;_) ._. 
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On_II the_AT whole_NN1 ,_, the_AT damage_NN1 of_IO DS-CFs/RPU_NP1 composites_NN2 requires_VVZ more_DAR force_NN1 and_CC more_DAR energy_NN1 consumption_NN1 ,_, so_CS its_APPGE strength_NN1 and_CC toughness_NN1 are_VBR greatly_RR improved_VVN ._. 
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<s>
In_II31 terms_II32 of_II33 researches_NN2 on_II the_AT composites_NN2 in_II lowtemperature_NN1 conditions_NN2 ,_, Sethi_NP1 et_RA21 al_RA22 14_MC studied_VVD the_AT effect_NN1 of_IO loading_NN1 rate_NN1 and_CC temperatures_NN2 on_II fracture_NN1 and_CC mechanical_JJ behavior_NN1 of_IO autoclave_NN1 cured_VVD glass_NN1 fiber/epoxy_FU prepreg_NN1 composite_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT electrical_JJ measurements_NN2 were_VBDR performed_VVN in_II a_AT1 liquid-nitrogen-cooled_JJ cryogenic_JJ probing_JJ station_NN1 (_( JANIS_NP1 ST-500-2-UHT_NP1 )_) operating_VVG between_II 77_MC to_II 400_MC K._NP1 The_AT temperature_NN1 was_VBDZ controlled_VVN using_VVG two_MC heaters_NN2 with_IW powers_NN2 of_IO 50_MC and_CC 25_MC W_ZZ1 ,_, calibrated_VVD Lakeshore_NP1 Si_FW DT-670B-CU-HT_NP1 diodes_NN2 with_IW an_AT1 accuracy_NN1 of_IO =0.5_FO K_ZZ1 at_II four_MC positions_NN2 in_II the_AT chamber_NN1 and_CC a_AT1 Lakeshore_NN1 336_MC Automatic_JJ Temperature_NN1 Controller_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
While_CS the_AT discharge_NN1 capacity_NN1 for_IF these_DD2 LaNi4.5Cu0.5_FO and_CC LaNi4.1Cu0.9_FO alloys_NN2 decreased_VVN to_II 50%_NNU after_II 125_MC and_CC 145_MC cycles_NN2 ,_, respectively_RR ,_, the_AT LaNi4Cu_FO and_CC LaNi4.9Cu0.1_FO alloys_NN2 decrease_VV0 their_APPGE capacity_NN1 to_II a_AT1 half_NN1 after_II 170_MC and_CC 180_MC cycles_NN2 ,_, respectively_RR ._. 
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In_II this_DD1 work_NN1 ,_, the_AT calibration_NN1 was_VBDZ performed_VVN with_IW Al_NP1 thin_JJ foil_NN1 of_IO 25_MC m_NNO thickness_NN1 with_IW a_AT1 purtiy_NN1 of_IO 99%_NNU ._. 
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Calculated_VVD HI_UH for_IF HP_NN1 4_MC ,_, 5_MC ,_, 6_MC ,_, 7_MC ,_, 8_MC ,_, 10_MC ,_, 11_MC ,_, 13_MC and_CC 14_MC ._. 
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Peaks_NN2 at_II 2,910_MC and_CC 2,850_MC cm-1_MC1 are_VBR related_VVN ,_, respectively_RR ,_, to_II stretching_VVG of_IO CH2_FO and_CC CH3_FO groups_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT cantilever-based_JJ nanomechanical_JJ detection_NN1 method_NN1 of_IO Zhang_NP1 et_NP1 al.13_FO also_RR requires_VVZ reference_NN1 probes_NN2 and_CC only_RR enables_VVZ sensitive_JJ measurements_NN2 under_II static_JJ conditions_NN2 ._. 
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Then_RT ,_, one_MC1 hundred_NNO grams_NNU2 of_IO husks_NN2 was_VBDZ immersed_VVN in_II 2_MC M_NNO HCl_NP1 solution_NN1 for_IF 4_MC h_ZZ1 ._. 
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After_II that_DD1 ,_, the_AT acidic_JJ husks_NN2 were_VBDR rinsed_VVN with_IW tap_NN1 water_NN1 until_CS the_AT pH_NN1 of_IO the_AT washings_NN2 was_VBDZ approximately_RR 7_MC ,_, and_CC then_RT ,_, they_PPHS2 were_VBDR dried_VVN in_II a_AT1 hot_JJ air_NN1 oven_NN1 at_II 100_MC °C_NNU for_IF 12_MC h_ZZ1 ._. 
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After_II burning_VVG in_II a_AT1 furnace_NN1 at_II 800_MC °C_NNU for_IF 6_MC h_ZZ1 ,_, white_JJ particles_NN2 of_IO rice_NN1 husk_NN1 silica_NN1 were_VBDR obtained_VVN ._. 
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<s>
The_AT devices_NN2 showed_VVD high_JJ SNRs_NP1 and_CC LDRs_NP1 (_( as_RG high_JJ as_CSA 90.1_MC dB_NNU )_) due_II21 to_II22 the_AT low_JJ dark_JJ current_JJ and_CC the_AT builtin_NN1 potential_NN1 (_( 0.3_MC eV_NN1 )_) ._. 
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As_II the_AT pulling_JJ length_NN1 increases_NN2 ,_, the_AT yield_NN1 strength_NN1 decreases_VVZ from_II 385_MC MPa_NP1 to_II 257_MC MPa_NP1 and_CC the_AT elongation_NN1 increases_VVZ from_II 0.39%_FO to_II 1.35%_FO ._. 
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After_II 4_MC mM_NNU (_( EDTA_NP1 )_) was_VBDZ added_VVN into_II PBS_NP1 (_( pH_NN1 7.4_MC )_) ,_, the_AT ITLC_NN1 strips_NN2 were_VBDR quantified_VVN using_VVG a_AT1 TLC_NP1 imaging_NN1 scanner_NN1 (_( Bioscan_NN1 IAR-2000_MC ,_, USA_NP1 )_) ._. 
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<s>
Therefore_RR ,_, the_AT proposed_JJ electrode_NN1 is_VBZ capable_JJ of_IO producing_VVG holes_NN2 of_IO high_JJ aspect_NN1 ratio_NN1 with_IW minimum_JJ electrode_NN1 fabrication_NN1 time_NNT1 ,_, thus_RR ,_, improving_VVG the_AT overall_JJ productivity_NN1 and_CC reducing_VVG the_AT cycle_NN1 time_NNT1 ._. 
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It_PPH1 will_VM finally_RR be_VBI eliminated_VVN by_II squeeze-bending_NN1 at_II the_AT fin-pass_JJ stands_NN2 ._. 
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The_AT third_MD histogram_NN1 peak_NN1 ,_, which_DDQ appears_VVZ at_II lower_JJR temperatures_NN2 ,_, is_VBZ assigned_VVN to_II a_AT1 liquid–solid_NN1 or_CC freezing_JJ transition_NN1 (_( cyan_NN1 bracket_NN1 ,_, Fig_NN1 2b_FO )_) ._. 
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It_PPH1 is_VBZ because_CS the_AT low_JJ melting_NN1 point_NN1 of_IO eutectic_JJ intermediates_NN2 could_VM facilitate_VVI their_APPGE mobility_NN1 ,_, favoring_VVG less_DAR nuclei_NN2 and_CC lateral_JJ growth_NN1 ._. 
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To_TO return_VVI the_AT material_NN1 to_II its_APPGE original_JJ state_NN1 ,_, a_AT1 loading_NN1 unit_NN1 is_VBZ required_VVN ,_, as_CSA illustrated_VVN by_II the_AT wheel_NN1 system_NN1 in_II Fig_NN1 1b_FO ._. 
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<s>
Storage_NN1 modulus_NN1 ,_, G_ZZ1 '_NULL (_( solid_JJ line_NN1 )_) ,_, loss_NN1 modulus_NN1 ,_, G_ZZ1 "_" (_( dotted_JJ line_NN1 )_) ,_, loss_NN1 angle_NN1 (_( open_JJ circle_NN1 )_) ._. 
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<s>
The_AT authors_NN2 thank_VV0 our_APPGE colleagues_NN2 from_II Eyegenix_NP1 LLC_NP1 ,_, Honolulu_NP1 (_( Tony_NP1 Lee_NP1 ,_, Derek_NP1 Duan_NP1 ,_, Priscilla_NP1 Carbajal_NP1 ,_, Jack_NP1 England_NP1 ,_, and_CC Kylie_NP1 Matsumoto_NP1 )_) for_IF helpful_JJ discussions_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Further_JJR discussion_NN1 regarding_II interaction_NN1 between_II GO_VV0 and_CC Al_NP1 was_VBDZ provided_VVN by_II Raman_NP1 and_CC XPS_NP1 spectra_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
For_IF better_JJR illustration_NN1 of_IO the_AT thermal_JJ behavior_NN1 of_IO E21WE43B_FO alloy_NN1 during_II cooling_VVG ,_, separate_VV0 E21_FO and_CC WE43B_FO heat_NN1 flow_NN1 curves_NN2 (_( obtained_VVN also_RR during_II cooling_VVG )_) were_VBDR added_VVN (_( Fig_NN1 5_MC ,_, upper_JJ curves_NN2 )_) ._. 
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<s>
At_II a_AT1 base_NN1 case_NN1 cost_NN1 of_IO 18.9_MC gge-1_MC1 ,_, simultaneous_JJ improvements_NN2 across_II many_DA2 system_NN1 parameters_NN2 would_VM be_VBI needed_VVN to_TO increase_VVI the_AT likelihood_NN1 of_IO the_AT economic_JJ competitiveness_NN1 of_IO the_AT CO2–CO–FTL_NN1 system_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
However_RR ,_, the_AT rate_NN1 of_IO void_JJ growth_NN1 and/or_CC coalescence_NN1 is_VBZ much_RR higher_JJR in_II the_AT 0Si-750_MC sample_NN1 compared_VVN with_IW that_DD1 in_II the_AT 0Si-700_MC sample_NN1 (_( Fig_NN1 5_MC )_) ,_, resulting_VVG in_II a_AT1 lower_JJR post-uniform_JJ elongation_NN1 and_CC fracture_NN1 strain_NN1 ._. 
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Importantly_RR ,_, the_AT lower_JJR bandgap_NN1 of_IO pZGO_NN1 offers_NN2 compelling_VVG evidence_NN1 for_IF the_AT defective_JJ nature_NN1 of_IO the_AT GB_NP1 region_NN1 and_CC suggests_VVZ that_CST these_DD2 natural_JJ topological_JJ defects_NN2 can_VM play_VVI a_AT1 key_JJ role_NN1 in_II electronic_JJ transport_NN1 across_II a_AT1 GB_NP1 region_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT hologram_NN1 designs_NN2 were_VBDR mapped_VVN onto_II the_AT workpiece_NN1 surface_NN1 by_II using_VVG the_AT laser_NN1 system_NN1 described_VVN in_II Section_NN1 2.1_MC ._. 
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<s>
In_II this_DD1 paper_NN1 ,_, the_AT TG-FTIR_NN1 is_VBZ employed_VVN to_TO investigate_VVI the_AT enhanced_JJ combustion_NN1 characteristics_NN2 of_IO RDF_NP1 with_IW different_JJ ratio_NN1 of_IO microwave_NN1 chlorine_NN1 depleted_JJ pyrolyzate_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT GNR_NP1 was_VBDZ synthesized_VVN by_II annealing_VVG at_II 473_MC K_ZZ1 to_TO form_VVI polymers_NN2 and_CC at_II 673_MC K_ZZ1 to_TO form_VVI GNRs_NP1 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT dotted_JJ line_NN1 indicates_VVZ a_AT1 flexural_JJ modulus_NN1 of_IO 2.92_MC GPa_NP1 as_CSA measured_VVN for_IF neat_JJ epoxy_JJ without_IW nanofiller_NN1 ._. 
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The_AT amount_NN1 of_IO remaining_JJ ash_NN1 at_II 550_MC °C_NNU is_VBZ given_VVN in_II Table_NN1 3_MC ._. 
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<s>
HepG2_FO cell_NN1 line_NN1 was_VBDZ purchased_VVN from_II ATCC_NP1 and_CC maintained_VVN in_II DMEM_NP1 (_( Thermo_NP1 Fisher_NP1 Scientific_JJ )_) with_IW 10%_NNU (_( vol/vol_NN1 )_) fetal_JJ bovine_JJ serum_NN1 (_( FBS_NP1 )_) (_( Gibco_NP1 )_) ._. 
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<s>
Briefly_RR ,_, monocrystalline_VV0 p_ZZ1 +_FO -type_JJ Si_FW (_( 100_MC )_) wafers_NN2 (_( 0.01–0.02_MCMC cm_NNU resistivity_NN1 )_) were_VBDR electrochemically_RR anodized_VVN in_II a_AT1 1:1_MC (_( v/v_ZZ1 )_) aqueous_JJ hydrofluoric_JJ acid_NN1 (_( 38%_NNU )_) –ethanol_NN1 electrolyte_NN1 by_II applying_VVG repeated_JJ low_JJ and_CC high_JJ current_JJ density_NN1 pulsed_VVD etching_VVG profile_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
To_TO fabricate_VVI h-CNT_JJ fibers_NN2 ,_, we_PPIS2 first_MD prepared_VVN a_AT1 coating_NN1 mixture_NN1 solution_NN1 by_II adding_VVG 500_MC mg_NNU of_IO an_AT1 ionic_JJ liquid_NN1 ,_, BMIM-TFSI_NN1 ,_, and_CC 500_MC mg_NNU of_IO PVDF-HFP_NP1 (_( number-averaged_JJR molecular_JJ weight_NN1 of_IO 130_MC 000_MC )_) into_II 11.36_MC ml_NNU of_IO acetone_NN1 ._. 
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In_II order_NN1 to_TO further_RRR investigate_VVI the_AT surface_NN1 chemistry_NN1 of_IO the_AT monolayer_NN1 catalyst_NN1 platforms_NN2 ,_, X-ray_NN1 photoelectron_NN1 spectroscopy_NN1 (_( XPS_NP1 )_) was_VBDZ used_VVN to_TO evaluate_VVI the_AT electronic_JJ state_NN1 of_IO Pt_FO MLs_NNU2 ._. 
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However_RR ,_, for_IF any_DD chance_NN1 at_II commercialization_NN1 ,_, liquid_JJ products_NN2 synthesized_VVD via_II electrochemical_JJ CO2_FO reduction_NN1 must_VM be_VBI economically_RR competitive_JJ with_IW the_AT market_NN1 prices_NN2 for_IF equivalent_JJ fuels_NN2 produced_VVN through_II traditional_JJ methods_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT formation_NN1 of_IO an_AT1 intermetallic_NN1 can_VM be_VBI used_VVN for_IF tailoring_VVG Gibbs_NP1 free_JJ energy_NN1 and_CC inducing_VVG synergism_NN1 in_II the_AT dehydrogenation_NN1 process_NN1 (_( see_VV0 Fig_NN1 S1_FO ,_, ESI_NP1 )_) ._. 
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TEM_NP1 ,_, AFM_NP1 ,_, Raman_NP1 spectroscopy_NN1 and_CC absorption_NN1 spectroscopy_NN1 measurement_NN1 suggest_VV0 that_CST the_AT ReS2_FO nanosheet_VV0 films_NN2 could_VM maintain_VVI the_AT properties_NN2 of_IO few-layered_JJ materials_NN2 with_IW good_JJ quality_NN1 ._. 
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The_AT relative_JJ compliance_NN1 at_II zero_MC applied_JJ electric_JJ field_NN1 (_( measured_VVN at_II the_AT transition_NN1 from_II negative_JJ to_II positive_JJ e-field_NN1 )_) increases_VVZ slightly_RR with_IW electric_JJ cycling_NN1 across_II all_DB frequencies_NN2 ._. 
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Compared_VVN to_II the_AT background_NN1 scattering_VVG signals_NN2 from_II the_AT cells_NN2 ,_, Au_FO nanoprobes_NN2 show_VV0 higher_JJR scattering_NN1 signals_NN2 ._. 
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As_CSA can_VM be_VBI seen_VVN in_II Fig_NN1 7c_FO ,_, the_AT reduction_NN1 of_IO elongation_NN1 at_II break_NN1 is_VBZ observed_VVN as_II the_AT amount_NN1 of_IO RH_FO filler_NN1 increased_VVD ._. 
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Immunostaining_VVG for_IF c_ZZ1 ,_, actin_NN1 ,_, d_ZZ1 ,_, ZO-1_MC1 and_CC e_ZZ1 ,_, Na+/K+-ATPase_JJ proteins_NN2 of_IO corneal_JJ endothelial_JJ cells_NN2 on_II films_NN2 after_II 7_MC days_NNT2 ._. 
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In_II31 view_II32 of_II33 the_AT deformation_NN1 behavior_NN1 of_IO ligaments_NN2 ,_, two_MC typical_JJ deformation_NN1 modes_NN2 can_VM be_VBI observed_VVN :_: half-wave_JJ and_CC full-wave_JJ deformation_NN1 modes_NN2 ,_, which_DDQ are_VBR named_VVN according_II21 to_II22 the_AT bending_NN1 shapes_NN2 of_IO ligaments_NN2 &lsqb;_( &lsqb;_( 45_MC &rsqb;_) ,_, &lsqb;_( 46_MC &rsqb;_) ,_, &lsqb;_( 47_MC &rsqb;_) &rsqb;_) ._. 
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In_II Figure_NN1 9a_FO ,_, with_IW the_AT increasing_JJ of_IO dosage_NN1 of_IO Gd/Yb_FU ,_, the_AT in_JJ21 vitro_JJ22 signals_NN2 increase_VV0 obviously_RR ._. 
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<s>
For_IF BZT-40BCT_NP1 ,_, with_IW the_AT Landau_NP1 coefficients_NN2 stated_VVN in_II Table1_FO ,_, the_AT T_NP1 phase_NN1 has_VHZ a_AT1 weak_JJ first_MD order_NN1 P-FE_NP1 transition_NN1 and_CC the_AT R_NP1 phase_NN1 has_VHZ a_AT1 second_MD order_NN1 P-FE_NP1 transition_NN1 ,_, i.e._REX ,_, the_AT case_NN1 illustrated_VVN in_II Fig_NN1 2(a)_FO ._. 
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<s>
The_AT open_JJ circuit_NN1 voltage_NN1 of_IO this_DD1 flexible_JJ Zn–air_NN1 battery_NN1 with_IW the_AT PCoSe2/NC_NP1 FAs_NP2 as_II the_AT aircathode_NN1 is_VBZ about_RG 1.30_MC V_NNU shown_VVN in_II Figure_NN1 5b_FO ,_, and_CC it_PPH1 can_VM be_VBI well_RR maintained_VVN and_CC afford_VV0 four_MC alight_JJ orange_JJ light_NN1 emitting_VVG diodes_NN2 even_RR at_II different_JJ bending_NN1 angles_NN2 (_( 0°_NNU ,_, 90°_NNU ,_, and_CC 180°_NNU )_) ,_, which_DDQ displays_VVZ the_AT good_JJ mechanical_JJ flexibility_NN1 of_IO the_AT PCoSe2/NC_NP1 FAbased_NP1 Zn–air_NP1 battery_NN1 ._. 
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Both_DB2 types_NN2 of_IO Al-Si_FW particles_NN2 are_VBR usually_RR avoided_VVN in_II LBM_NP1 ._. 
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Then_RT that_DD1 mixture_NN1 reacted_VVD at_II 130_MC °C_NNU under_II magnetic_JJ stirring_JJ and_CC refluxing_VVG for_IF 4_MC hr_NNU ,_, followed_VVN by_II vacuum_NN1 filtering_NN1 and_CC cleaning_VVG with_IW methanol_NN1 seven_MC times_NNT2 and_CC drying_VVG on_II the_AT condition_NN1 of_IO 100_MC °C_NNU for_IF 6_MC hr_NNU in_II vacuum_NN1 ._. 
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Incompletely_RR dynamic_JJ recrystallization_NN1 occurs_VVZ in_II the_AT lower_JJR NZ_NP1 ._. 
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In_II the_AT chamber_NN1 ,_, the_AT modest_JJ temperature_NN1 (_( 250–300_MCMC °C_NNU )_) of_IO the_AT array_NN1 of_IO resistively_RR heated_JJ filament_NN1 wires_NN2 causes_VVZ the_AT initiator_NN1 to_TO decompose_VVI and_CC produce_VVI free_JJ radicals_NN2 ._. 
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After_CS incubated_VVN with_IW NPs_NP1 for_IF 3_MC h_ZZ1 ,_, Caco-2_MC cells_NN2 were_VBDR washed_VVN three_MC times_NNT2 with_IW PBS_NP1 and_CC incubated_VVN with_IW the_AT 50_MC nM_FU LysoTracker_NN1 probes_VVZ for_IF 30_MC min_NNU at_II 37_MC °C_NNU ._. 
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Furthermore_RR ,_, we_PPIS2 did_VDD not_XX decellularize_VVI the_AT Biotubes_NP2 ._. 
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Here_RL ,_, we_PPIS2 show_VV0 that_CST by_II using_VVG a_AT1 simple_JJ epitaxial_JJ heterostructure_NN1 of_IO SrTiO3_FO films_NN2 grown_VVN on_II Si_FW (_( 001_MC )_) ,_, a_AT1 continuously_RR tunable_JJ tensile_JJ strain_NN1 can_VM be_VBI generated_VVN by_II varying_JJ growth_NN1 temperatures_NN2 ._. 
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In_II Li0.5FePO4_FO particles_NN2 without_IW carbon_NN1 coating_NN1 (_( Fig_NN1 2b_FO )_) ,_, the_AT SSF_NP1 also_RR decreases_VVZ slowly_RR ,_, from_II 39%_NNU to_II 26%_NNU in_II 100_MC h_ZZ1 ._. 
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In_RR21 addition_RR22 ,_, the_AT vinegar_NN1 solution_NN1 presents_VVZ as_II a_AT1 faintly_RR acidic_JJ solution_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Green_JJ colour_NN1 fluorescence_NN1 (_( FDA_NP1 )_) represents_VVZ viable_JJ cells_NN2 ,_, red_JJ colour_NN1 fluorescence_NN1 (_( EB_NP1 )_) represents_VVZ dead_JJ cells_NN2 ._. 
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A_AT1 clear_JJ anti-bunching_JJ of_IO XY_FO is_VBZ observed_VVN on_II the_AT lines_NN2 τ_NULL 12_MC =_FO 0_MC ,_, τ_NULL 23_MC =_FO 0_MC and_CC τ_NULL 12_MC =_FO τ_NULL 23_MC ,_, for_IF which_DDQ :_: this_DD1 corresponds_VVZ to_II a_AT1 zero_NN1 time_NNT1 delay_NN1 between_II only_RR two_MC detectors_NN2 ,_, and_CC thus_RR is_VBZ equivalent_JJ to_II a_AT1 direct_JJ measurement_NN1 of_IO 30_MC ._. 
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Also_RR ,_, when_CS these_DD2 nanoclays_NN2 are_VBR exfoliated_VVN in_II polymer_NN1 matrix_NN1 they_PPHS2 provide_VV0 excellent_JJ barrier_NN1 performance_NN1 by_II creating_VVG tortuous_JJ path_NN1 for_IF diffusion_NN1 of_IO moisture_NN1 ,_, ions_NN2 ,_, gas_NN1 molecules_NN2 ,_, electrolytes_NN2 etc._RA to_TO reach_VVI the_AT substrate_NN1 (_( Fig_NN1 1_MC1 )_) ._. 
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In_II turn_NN1 ,_, NiCoCH31@GO_FO displays_VVZ a_AT1 smaller_JJR Rct_NP1 compared_VVD to_II NiCoCH31_FO ,_, which_DDQ likely_RR explains_VVZ the_AT higher_JJR specific_JJ capacitance_NN1 and_CC rate_NN1 capability_NN1 of_IO the_AT former_DA ._. 
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Briefly_RR ,_, ammonium_NN1 persulfate_NN1 used_VVN as_CSA oxidant_NN1 was_VBDZ added_VVN into_II the_AT pPD_NNU aqueous_JJ solution_NN1 to_TO induce_VVI the_AT oxidation_NN1 polymerization_NN1 of_IO the_AT pPD_NNU monomers_NN2 ._. 
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In_II contrast_NN1 ,_, pristine_JJ GO_VV0 had_VHN lesser_JJ effects_NN2 ,_, while_CS rGO_NN1 showed_VVD extensive_JJ cellular_JJ uptake_NN1 with_IW minimal_JJ effects_NN2 on_II viability_NN1 ._. 
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The_AT thermal_JJ conductivities_NN2 in_II the_AT in-plane_NN1 (_( a_ZZ1 )_) and_CC through-plane_NN1 (_( b_ZZ1 )_) directions_NN2 for_IF the_AT PVA_NN1 ,_, the_AT exfoliated_JJ h-BN/PVA_NN1 ,_, and_CC the_AT SiO2@exfoliated_FO h-BN/PVA_NN1 composites_NN2 as_II a_AT1 function_NN1 of_IO the_AT fillers_NN2 content_VV0 ,_, respectively_RR ._. 
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In_II a_AT1 VAN_NN1 with_IW vertical_JJ pillars_NN2 of_IO nanometers_NN2 in_II size_NN1 embedded_VVN in_II a_AT1 film_NN1 matrix_NN1 ,_, a_AT1 critical_JJ feature_NN1 size_NN1 (_( dc_NN1 )_) of_IO nanopillars_NN2 and_CC a_AT1 critical_JJ length_NN1 of_IO film_NN1 matrix_NN1 along_II the_AT radial_JJ direction_NN1 could_VM exist_VVI ._. 
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ATR-FTIR_JJ spectra_NN2 were_VBDR obtained_VVN using_VVG a_AT1 Thermo_NN1 Scientific_JJ Nicolet_NN1 iS50_FO FT-IR_JJ spectrometer_NN1 coupled_VVN to_II an_AT1 ATR_NN1 accessory_NN1 (_( VariGATR_NP1 ,_, Harrick_NP1 )_) with_IW a_AT1 germanium_NN1 crystal_NN1 using_VVG OMNIC_NN1 6.2_MC software_NN1 (_( Thermo_NP1 Electron_NN1 )_) ._. 
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Fig_NN1 1_MC1 TREF_NN1 elution_NN1 profiles_NN2 for_IF linear_JJ metallocene_NN1 PE_NN1 samples_NN2 obtained_VVN by_II quenching_VVG of_IO the_AT polymer_NN1 solution_NN1 ._. 
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Therefore_RR ,_, the_AT exploration_NN1 of_IO an_AT1 alternative_JJ system_NN1 becomes_VVZ the_AT prime_JJ emphasis_NN1 of_IO current_JJ research_NN1 ._. 
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For_REX21 instance_REX22 ,_, the_AT microstructure_NN1 with_IW zero_MC Poisson_NP1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 ratio_NN1 (_( in_CS21 case_CS22 1_MC1 )_) can_VM be_VBI applied_VVN to_II the_AT morphing_JJ aircraft_NN for_IF preventing_VVG the_AT skins_NN2 to_TO deform_VVI on_II the_AT non-morphing_JJ direction_NN1 &lsqb;_( 43_MC &rsqb;_) ._. 
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In_BCL21 order_BCL22 to_TO investigate_VVI the_AT synergetic_JJ effect_NN1 of_IO both_DB2 MoS2_FO and_CC CNTs_NP1 ,_, other_JJ comparable_JJ cathodes_NN2 ,_, including_II the_AT MoS2@CNTs_FO (_( fabricated_VVN by_II mechanically_RR mixing_VVG MoS2_FO powders_NN2 with_IW CNTs_NP1 )_) ,_, MoS2_FO ,_, CNTs_NP1 ,_, and_CC Super_JJ P_ZZ1 powders_NN2 ,_, were_VBDR also_RR prepared_VVN and_CC tested_VVN under_II the_AT same_DA measurement_NN1 conditions_NN2 as_CSA the_AT MoS2/CNT_NN1 electrode_NN1 (_( the_AT details_NN2 of_IO electrode_NN1 preparation_NN1 can_VM be_VBI found_VVN in_II the_AT Experimental_JJ Section_NN1 )_) ._. 
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However_RR ,_, the_AT actuators_NN2 manipulated_VVN via_II the_AT Marangoni_JJ effect_NN1 are_VBR only_RR workable_JJ on_II water_NN1 surfaces_NN2 ._. 
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The_AT BHI_JJ broth_NN1 was_VBDZ adjusted_VVN to_II pH_NN1 6.0_MC ,_, 7.0_MC ,_, 8.0_MC and_CC 9.0_MC using_VVG the_AT method_NN1 outlined_VVN above_RL ._. 
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Kinetic_JJ parameters_NN2 at_II the_AT heating_NN1 rate_NN1 of_IO 20_MC °C_NNU min1_FO ._. 
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<s>
For_IF our_APPGE configuration_NN1 of_IO HPSPS_NP1 tooling_NN1 (_( i.e._REX ,_, an_AT1 inner_JJ SiC_RR die_VV0 enclosed_VVN within_II an_AT1 outer_JJ graphite_NN1 die_FW )_) ,_, heat_NN1 loss_NN1 through_II the_AT die_NN1 was_VBDZ reduced_VVN ,_, which_DDQ lowered_VVD the_AT temperature_NN1 gradient_NN1 ._. 
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A_AT1 porous_JJ structure_NN1 with_IW a_AT1 denser_JJR and_CC thicker_JJR skin_NN1 layer_NN1 can_VM prevent_VVI the_AT transfer_NN1 of_IO vanadium_NN1 ions_NN2 very_RG well_RR ._. 
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When_CS t_ZZ1 is_VBZ in_II the_AT range_NN1 of_IO 1.9–10.0_MCMC mm_UH ,_, the_AT values_NN2 of_IO RLmin_NP1 are_VBR below_RG -20_MC dB_NNU ,_, which_DDQ is_VBZ indicative_JJ of_IO 99%_NNU absorption_NN1 ability_NN1 ._. 
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The_AT absorption_NN1 peak_NN1 of_IO 1640_MC cm-1_MC1 belongs_VVZ to_II C=O_FO stretching_VVG vibration_NN1 ._. 
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The_AT spectral_JJ distribution_NN1 of_IO the_AT gate_NN1 light_NN1 and_CC source_NN1 light_NN1 ._. 
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Similarly_RR ,_, pHdependent_JJ experiment_NN1 confirmed_VVD that_CST the_AT probe_NN1 has_VHZ superior_JJ pHresistant_JJ stability_NN1 with_IW a_AT1 wide_JJ pH_NN1 range_NN1 from_II 4_MC to_II 12_MC (_( Figure_NN1 S6b_FO ,_, Supporting_JJ Information_NN1 )_) ._. 
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Accordingly_RR ,_, the_AT fundamental_JJ issues_NN2 related_VVN to_II interfacial_JJ and_CC structural_JJ stability_NN1 were_VBDR not_XX completely_RR addressed_VVN because_II21 of_II22 the_AT electrochemically_RR active_JJ epitaxy_NN1 layers_NN2 ._. 
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This_DD1 work_NN1 received_VVD support_NN1 from_II National_JJ Natural_JJ Science_NN1 Foundation_NN1 of_IO China_NP1 (_( NOs_NP2 ._. 
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<s>
Drabble_VV0 et_RA21 al_RA22 proposed_VVD that_CST Pb_FO atom_NN1 occupying_VVG Te1_FO sites_NN2 has_VHZ little_DA1 effect_NN1 on_II carrier_NN1 concentration_NN1 ,_, while_CS Pb_FO atoms_NN2 which_DDQ occupy_VV0 Te2_FO or_CC Bi_JJ sites_NN2 act_VV0 as_CSA acceptors_NN2 &lsqb;_( 15_MC &rsqb;_) ._. 
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In_RR21 addition_RR22 ,_, the_AT biobased_JJ epoxy_JJ thermosets_NN2 showed_VVD excellent_JJ thermal_JJ stability_NN1 with_IW onset_NN1 decomposition_NN1 temperature_NN1 of_IO higher_JJR than_CSN 330_MC °C_NNU ._. 
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The_AT as-synthesized_JJ core_NN1 nanoparticles_NN2 (_( C_ZZ1 )_) as_II a_AT1 magnetically_RR hard_JJ phase_NN1 show_VV0 a_AT1 typical_JJ M–H_NN1 hysteresis_NN1 ._. 
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The_AT blue_JJ spheres_NN2 and_CC red_JJ squares_NN2 represent_VV0 the_AT Tps_NP1 of_IO successively_RR crystallized_VVN Te_FW and_CC GeTe_NP1 phase_NN1 ,_, respectively_RR ._. 
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High_RR F(T)_NNU values_NN2 indicate_VV0 higher_JJR cooling_NN1 rates_NN2 to_TO reach_VVI the_AT certain_JJ value_NN1 of_IO crystallinity_NN1 in_II the_AT unit_NN1 time_NNT1 ._. 
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The_AT major_JJ morphology_NN1 and_CC orientation_NN1 of_IO phase_NN1 will_VM help_VVI to_TO distinguish_VVI different_JJ metallographic_JJ phases_NN2 including_II acicular_JJ phase_NN1 and_CC equiaxed_JJ phase_NN1 ._. 
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In_II the_AT coming_JJ years_NNT2 ,_, PLA_NP1 production_NN1 and_CC consumption_NN1 are_VBR expected_VVN to_TO increase_VVI ._. 
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<s>
Because_II21 of_II22 these_DD2 advantages_NN2 ,_, the_AT MoS2/NdopedC_NN1 also_RR shows_VVZ excellent_JJ electrochemical_JJ behavior_NN1 for_IF LIBs_NN2 (_( Figure_NN1 S24_FO ,_, Supporting_JJ Information_NN1 )_) ._. 
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The_AT steel_NN1 tubes_NN2 were_VBDR annealed_VVN at_II 610_MC °Cwith_FO the_AT holding_JJ time_NNT1 of_IO 1.5_MC h_ZZ1 (_( Dou_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2008_MC )_) ._. 
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MAPP_NP1 has_VHZ been_VBN used_VVN to_TO improve_VVI the_AT rigidity_NN1 and_CC tensile_JJ strength_NN1 of_IO highdensity_NN1 polyethylene_NN1 wood_NN1 flour_NN1 composite_NN1 13_MC ,_, 30_MC ,_, 31_MC ._. 
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<s>
To_II the_AT best_JJT of_IO our_APPGE knowledge_NN1 this_DD1 is_VBZ the_AT first_MD time_NNT1 that_CST a_AT1 tri-coculture_NN1 and_CC cell_NN1 tracking_NN1 analysis_NN1 with_IW hBM-MSCs_NN2 has_VHZ been_VBN performed_VVN in_RR21 vitro_RR22 ._. 
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The_AT total_JJ volume_NN1 of_IO sludge_NN1 ranged_VVN between_II 12,895_MC and_CC 22,520_MC tonnes_NNU2 per_II year_NNT1 ,_, with_IW an_AT1 average_JJ cost_NN1 of_IO around_RG 350,000_MC euros_NN2 ._. 
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For_IF the_AT &lsqb;_( 110_MC &rsqb;_) loading_VVG orientation_NN1 ,_, the_AT two_MC active_JJ slip_NN1 systems_NN2 are_VBR on_II identical_JJ glide_NN1 planes_NN2 ._. 
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After_II dropping_VVG and_CC mixing_VVG these_DD2 two_MC DNA–lipid_JJ mixtures_NN2 on_II a_AT1 Teflon_NN1 AF-coated_NN1 coverslide_NN1 ,_, a_AT1 circularly_RR spreading_VVG lipid_JJ patch_NN1 was_VBDZ formed_VVN ._. 
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A_AT1 more_RGR representative_JJ view_NN1 of_IO the_AT possible_JJ combinations_NN2 ,_, extracted_VVN from_II all_DB layers_NN2 above_II number_NN1 5_MC is_VBZ shown_VVN in_II Fig_NN1 8_MC for_IF the_AT concave_JJ and_CC convex_JJ cases_NN2 ._. 
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The_AT resulting_JJ samples_NN2 were_VBDR subsequently_RR loaded_VVN into_II capillaries_NN2 ,_, and_CC the_AT thermophoresis_NN1 of_IO each_DD1 sample_NN1 was_VBDZ measured_VVN using_VVG Auto_NN1 Red_JJ laser_NN1 power_NN1 and_CC medium_NN1 MST_RA power_NN1 on_II Monolith_NP1 NT.115_FO (_( NanoTemper_NP1 Technologie_NP1 ,_, Munich_NP1 ,_, Germany_NP1 )_) ._. 
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Fig_NN1 1_MC1 Schematic_JJ illustrating_VVG hMSC_NNU loading_NN1 in_II hydrogel_NN1 precursor_NN1 solutions_NN2 (_( A_ZZ1 )_) ,_, injection_NN1 and_CC encapsulation_NN1 in_II 3D_NNU printed_JJ polyHIPE_NN1 scaffold_NN1 (_( B_ZZ1 )_) ,_, and_CC protection_NN1 and_CC release_VV0 during_II early_JJ stages_NN2 of_IO implantation_NN1 (_( C_ZZ1 )_) ._. 
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Figure_NN1 8_MC ,_, presents_VVZ another_DD1 set_NN1 of_IO measurements_NN2 that_CST resulted_VVD from_II an_AT1 extensive_JJ experimental_JJ study_NN1 performed_VVN by_II Cuntze_NP1 et_RA21 al_RA22 17_MC ,_, and_CC compares_VVZ it_PPH1 to_II the_AT present_JJ model_NN1 and_CC to_II the_AT Cuntze_NN1 criterion_NN1 ._. 
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The_AT maximum_NN1 of_IO fE_NN1 is_VBZ 6.24_MC GHz_NNU ,_, covering_VVG 10.56–16.8_MCMC GHz_NNU ,_, at_II 2.3_MC mm_NNU thickness_NN1 ._. 
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Such_DA motions_NN2 should_VM therefore_RR be_VBI compensated_VVN by_II proper_JJ procedures_NN2 ._. 
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During_II the_AT PED_JJ experiment_NN1 using_VVG different_JJ anodes_NN2 ,_, a_AT1 large_JJ quantity_NN1 of_IO bubbles_NN2 was_VBDZ emitted_VVN in_II the_AT gap_NN1 between_II the_AT transparent_JJ plexiglass_NN1 seal_NN1 cover_NN1 and_CC the_AT anode_NN1 boundary_NN1 due_JJ mainly_RR to_II oxygen_NN1 emissions_NN2 caused_VVN by_II the_AT electrolytic_JJ chemical_JJ reaction_NN1 shown_VVN in_II Eq_NN1 ._. 
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(_( a_ZZ1 )_) ._. 
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The_AT total_JJ area_NN1 of_IO the_AT spectra_NN2 does_VDZ not_XX vary_VVI significantly_RR during_II the_AT first_MD cycle_NN1 ,_, indicating_VVG that_DD1 recoilless_JJ fractions_NN2 of_IO Fe3+_FO and_CC Fe2+_FO species_NN are_VBR almost_RR identical_JJ ._. 
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Fig_NN1 2_MC (_( a_AT1 ,_, b_ZZ1 )_) Optical_JJ images_NN2 of_IO the_AT BCN@HCS_FO film_NN1 ._. 
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In_II31 terms_II32 of_II33 the_AT results_NN2 of_IO the_AT EDS_NN2 analysis_NN1 ,_, it_PPH1 suggests_VVZ that_CST the_AT reaction_NN1 layer_NN1 A_ZZ1 adjacent_II21 to_II22 the_AT Mg_FO matrix_NN1 consists_VVZ of_IO the_AT Al12Mg17+δ_FO (_( Mg_FO )_) eutectic_JJ ,_, and_CC the_AT Al3Mg2_FO and_CC Mg2Si_FO phases_NN2 are_VBR main_JJ constituents_NN2 of_IO the_AT reaction_NN1 layer_NN1 C_ZZ1 adjacent_II21 to_II22 the_AT Al_NP1 matrix_NN1 ._. 
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The_AT stress-strain_JJ experiments_NN2 were_VBDR carried_VVN out_RP on_II a_AT1 universal_JJ testing_NN1 machine_NN1 (_( WDW-100_MC ,_, Changchun_NP1 research_NN1 institute_NN1 of_IO testing_VVG machines_NN2 ,_, China_NP1 )_) at_II a_AT1 strain_NN1 rate_NN1 of_IO 2_MC mm/min_NNU and_CC a_AT1 temperature_NN1 of_IO 25_MC °C_NNU ._. 
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The_AT calibration_NN1 algorithm_NN1 also_RR provides_VVZ an_AT1 inexpensive_JJ but_CCB accurate_JJ GP_NN1 emulator_NN1 which_DDQ replaces_VVZ the_AT computationally_RR costly_JJ mesoscopic_JJ RVE_NN1 simulator_NN1 that_CST is_VBZ used_VVN at_II each_DD1 integration_NN1 point_NN1 in_II the_AT macroscopic_JJ preforming_JJ simulation_NN1 ._. 
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These_DD2 experiments_NN2 effectively_RR emulated_VVN human_JJ application_NN1 because_CS the_AT dimensions_NN2 of_IO the_AT minipig_NN1 thoracic_JJ spinal_JJ cord_NN1 and_CC subarachnoid_JJ spaces_NN2 approach_VV0 those_DD2 of_IO humans_NN2 ._. 
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The_AT schematic_JJ diagram_NN1 of_IO the_AT measurement_NN1 setup_NN1 is_VBZ shown_VVN in_II the_AT inset_NN1 of_IO Figure_NN1 2a_FO ._. 
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<s>
The_AT presence_NN1 of_IO these_DD2 grains_NN2 with_IW different_JJ plane_NN1 orientation_NN1 disrupts_VVZ the_AT plane-plane_NN1 collision_NN1 during_II the_AT shock_NN1 propagation_NN1 thus_RR inhibiting_VVG the_AT elastic_JJ compression_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
First_MD ,_, 1.5_MC g_NNU of_IO PVA_NN1 powder_NN1 was_VBDZ added_VVN to_II 13.5_MC ml_NNU of_IO ultrapure_NN1 water_NN1 and_CC initially_RR stirred_VVN at_II 70_MC °C_NNU for_IF 2_MC h_ZZ1 and_CC then_RT subsequently_RR overnight_RT at_II room_NN1 temperature_NN1 to_TO prepare_VVI a_AT1 10_MC wt%_FO PVA_NN1 aqueous_JJ solution_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Figure_NN1 1c_FO shows_VVZ x_II values_NN2 from_II the_AT RBS_NP1 spectra_NN2 as_II a_AT1 function_NN1 of_IO the_AT growth_NN1 PO2_FO ._. 
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<s>
Therefore_RR ,_, the_AT gas_NN1 sensing_NN1 responses_NN2 of_IO ZnO_NN1 hexahedrons_NN2 towards_II 100_MC ppm_NNU ammonia_NN1 ,_, acetone_VV0 ,_, ethanol_NN1 ,_, formaldehyde_NN1 ,_, chloroform_NN1 ,_, methanol_NN1 and_CC toluene_NN1 are_VBR tested_VVN at_II 220_MC °C_NNU and_CC the_AT corresponding_JJ results_NN2 are_VBR presented_VVN in_II Fig_NN1 7b_FO ._. 
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The_AT droplet_NN1 can_VM easily_RR be_VBI moved_VVN along_II the_AT vacuum_NN1 tip_NN1 ,_, and_CC a_AT1 very_RG small_JJ volume_NN1 of_IO liquid_NN1 can_VM be_VBI dispensed_VVN onto_II each_DD1 SPI_JJ pattern_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT tube_NN1 was_VBDZ washed_VVN using_VVG distilled_JJ water_NN1 and_CC carbonized_VVN to_TO avoid_VVI sticking_VVG the_AT resultant_JJ ingot_NN1 in_II its_APPGE walls_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Note_VV0 that_CST the_AT dislocation_NN1 loops_NN2 in_II a_AT1 Nb_FO nanowire_NN1 will_VM not_XX disappear_VVI after_II unloading_VVG ,_, which_DDQ will_VM produce_VVI a_AT1 compress_NN1 force_NN1 for_IF the_AT Nb_FO nanowire_NN1 and_CC enhance_VV0 the_AT maximum_JJ elastic_JJ strain_NN1 in_II the_AT Nb_FO nanowire_VV0 after_II pre-straining_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Tomograms_NN2 were_VBDR acquired_VVN at_II the_AT original_JJ undeformed_JJ state_NN1 as_II31 well_II32 as_II33 at_II global_JJ engineering_NN1 strain_NN1 increments_NN2 of_IO 7%_NNU up_RG21 to_RG22 50%_NNU compression_NN1 at_II two_MC resolutions_NN2 (_( high_JJ resolution_NN1 of_IO 1.7_MC m_NNO per_II voxel_NN1 ,_, and_CC low_JJ resolution_NN1 of_IO 10_MC m_NNO per_II voxel_NN1 )_) to_TO simultaneously_RR image_VVI the_AT collapse_NN1 of_IO GMBs_NP1 with_IW high_JJ detail_NN1 ,_, and_CC also_RR capture_VV0 the_AT macroscopic_JJ global_JJ deformation_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT STA_NN1 heat_NN1 treatment_NN1 included_VVD first_MD solution_NN1 treating_VVG at_II 1180_MC °C_NNU for_IF 2h_FO and_CC then_RT at_II 1230_MC °C_NNU for_IF 3h_FO ,_, followed_VVN by_II rapid_JJ cooling_NN1 to_II room_NN1 temperature_NN1 ;_; second_MD γ_NULL '_NULL precipitation_NN1 ageing_VVG at_II 1100_MC °C_NNU for_IF 4h_FO and_CC then_RT ageing_VVG at_II 870_MC °C_NNU for_IF 20_MC h_ZZ1 ,_, followed_VVN by_II rapid_JJ cooling_NN1 to_II room_NN1 temperature_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Moreover_RR ,_, the_AT aforementioned_JJ SEM_NN1 images_NN2 showed_VVD a_AT1 dense_JJ membrane_NN1 on_II the_AT surface_NN1 of_IO AS_CSA (_( Figure_NN1 S1B_FO ,_, Supporting_JJ Information_NN1 )_) ,_, which_DDQ also_RR could_VM be_VBI a_AT1 barrier_NN1 to_II nutrient_NN1 supply_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Thickness_NN1 changes_NN2 in_II 2_MC mM_NNU and_CC 25_MC mM_NNU SDS_NP1 films_NN2 are_VBR shown_VVN using_VVG only_RR the_AT red_JJ channel_NN1 dataset_NN1 ,_, and_CC the_AT data_NN are_VBR shifted_VVN horizontally_RR to_TO show_VVI differences_NN2 in_II their_APPGE thinning_JJ behavior_NN1 ._. 
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However_RR ,_, the_AT strain_NN1 for_IF the_AT crack_NN1 initiation_NN1 might_VM be_VBI different_JJ between_II the_AT two_MC samples_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT -Fe2O3/rGO_NN1 shows_VVZ enhanced_JJ capacity_NN1 of_IO 621.3_MC F_ZZ1 g-1_FO at_II 5_MC mV-1_MC1 and_CC 533_MC F_ZZ1 g-1_FO at_II 1_MC1 A_ZZ1 g-1_FO ._. 
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<s>
As_II the_AT water_NN1 content_NN1 of_IO the_AT trichome_NN1 was_VBDZ very_RG low_JJ ,_, it_PPH1 was_VBDZ not_XX easy_JJ to_TO deform_VVI ._. 
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<s>
Final_JJ dithionite_NN1 concentration_NN1 was_VBDZ 12.12_MC mM_NNU ._. 
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HER_APPGE tests_NN2 were_VBDR performed_VVN in_II Ar-saturated_NN1 1_MC1 M_NN1 KOH_NN1 electrolyte_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT grafting_NN1 processing_NN1 was_VBDZ involved_JJ in_II the_AT first_MD two_MC steps_NN2 of_IO the_AT reaction_NN1 in_II Fig_NN1 6_MC ._. 
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There_EX is_VBZ a_AT1 previous_JJ report_NN1 showing_VVG that_CST the_AT immunostimulatory_JJ effects_NN2 of_IO oligodeoxynucleotides_NN2 lacking_VVG CG_NP1 sequences_NN2 were_VBDR mediated_VVN through_II TLR9.20_FO Since_CS XLDNA_NP1 with_IW CG_NP1 sequences_NN2 is_VBZ more_RGR potent_JJ for_IF binding_VVG to_II and_CC activating_VVG TLR9_FO ,_, this_DD1 would_VM exert_VVI a_AT1 better_JJR therapeutic_JJ activity_NN1 than_CSN XLDNA_NP1 lacking_VVG CG_NP1 sequences_NN2 ._. 
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The_AT EP_NN1 composites_NN2 exhibited_VVD high_JJ dimension_NN1 stability_NN1 and_CC excellent_JJ electrical_JJ insulation_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
In_II practice_NN1 ,_, a_AT1 2D_NNU plotter_NN1 is_VBZ used_VVN to_TO create_VVI the_AT circuit_NN1 on_II the_AT exposed_JJ composite_JJ and_CC then_RT the_AT circuit_NN1 is_VBZ sealed_VVN in_II insulating_JJ rubber_NN1 (_( Sylgard_NP1 184_MC ,_, Dow_NP1 Corning_NP1 ;_; cured_VVN at_II 100_MC °C_NNU for_IF 30_MC min_NNU )_) to_TO prevent_VVI further_RRR trace_VV0 formation_NN1 ._. 
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Cells_NN2 were_VBDR stained_VVN with_IW DCFH-DA_NN1 in_II serum-free_JJ medium_NN1 for_IF 30_MC min_NNU after_II incubation_NN1 ,_, then_RT washed_VVD 3_MC times_NNT2 using_VVG fresh_JJ serum-free_JJ medium_NN1 ,_, harvested_VVD using_VVG 0.25%_FO (_( w/v_ZZ1 )_) trypsin/0.02%_FU (_( w/v_ZZ1 )_) EDTA_NP1 ,_, and_CC washed_VVN with_IW and_CC twice_RR re-suspended_VVN in_II PBS_NP1 ._. 
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<s>
In_RR21 addition_RR22 ,_, the_AT degree_NN1 of_IO preferred_JJ orientation_NN1 was_VBDZ estimated_VVN quantitatively_RR by_II calculating_VVG Harris_NP1 texture_NN1 coefficient_NN1 (_( Tc_NP1 )_) ,_, following_VVG subtraction_NN1 of_IO background_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Then_RT ,_, the_AT size_NN1 of_IO the_AT tumor_NN1 were_VBDR measured_VVN using_VVG a_AT1 digital_JJ caliper_NN1 for_IF 14_MC days_NNT2 after_II the_AT start_NN1 of_IO treatment_NN1 and_CC the_AT results_NN2 clearly_RR demonstrated_VVN that_CST PDT-induced_JJ hypoxia-activated_JJ synergistic_JJ therapy_NN1 with_IW Lip/Ce6/TPZ_NN1 nanoparticles_NN2 was_VBDZ an_AT1 effective_JJ strategy_NN1 for_IF inhibiting_VVG tumor_NN1 growth_NN1 (_( Fig_NN1 7b_FO )_) ._. 
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MBA_NN1 (_( 97%_NNU )_) was_VBDZ purchased_VVN from_II Alfa_NP1 ._. 
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<s>
In_II this_DD1 way_NN1 ,_, the_AT equivalent_JJ crack_NN1 length_NN1 is_VBZ defined_VVN at_II each_DD1 point_NN1 of_IO the_AT test_NN1 data_NN ,_, and_CC thus_RR a_AT1 continuous_JJ plot_NN1 of_IO the_AT R-curve_NN1 can_VM be_VBI also_RR determined_VVN ._. 
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<s>
I2_FO was_VBDZ hardly_RR released_VVN at_II 20_MC °C_NNU ,_, whereas_CS numerous_JJ I2_FO was_VBDZ released_VVN at_II 50_MC °C_NNU ,_, and_CC complete_JJ release_NN1 occurred_VVD at_II 80_MC °C_NNU in_II the_AT ILAA_NP1 NHCs_NP1 with_IW DS_NP1 =_FO 0.14_MC (_( Fig._NN1 2A_FO )_) ,_, which_DDQ corresponded_VVD perfectly_RR to_II the_AT MD_NN1 results_NN2 and_CC satisfied_VVD the_AT intent_NN1 of_IO design_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
As_II a_AT1 control_NN1 ,_, the_AT ROS_NP1 non-responsive_JJ nanocarrier_NN1 RuxCD_NP1 also_RR exhibits_VVZ similar_JJ morphology_NN1 and_CC comparable_JJ particle_NN1 size_NN1 as_CSA Ru-CD_JJ (_( Fig_NN1 S8_FO ,_, ESI_NP1 )_) ._. 
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<s>
Because_II21 of_II22 the_AT frequent_JJ acceleration_NN1 ,_, uniform_JJ and_CC deceleration_NN1 of_IO the_AT laser_NN1 beam_NN1 during_II direct_JJ writing_NN1 lines_NN2 ,_, when_CS the_AT raster_NN1 scan_NN1 was_VBDZ adopted_VVN ,_, the_AT square_JJ loop_NN1 would_VM produce_VVI jagged_JJ edges_NN2 (_( Fig_NN1 6c_FO )_) ._. 
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<s>
In_RR21 addition_RR22 ,_, evidence_NN1 is_VBZ growing_VVG that_DD1 stroke-damaged_JJ brain_NN1 parenchyma_NN1 attempts_NN2 to_TO repair_VVI itself_PPX1 by_II production_NN1 of_IO new_JJ neurons_NN2 &lsqb;_( 2_MC &rsqb;_) ._. 
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<s>
If_CS the_AT placement_NN1 error_NN1 is_VBZ zero_MC ,_, the_AT transition_NN1 from_II inclined_JJ region_NN1 to_II horizontal_JJ region_NN1 is_VBZ continuous_JJ ,_, and_CC there_EX is_VBZ no_AT region_NN1 between_II them_PPHO2 ._. 
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<s>
Statistical_JJ significance_NN1 was_VBDZ set_VVN at_II p_ZZ1 =_FO 0.05_MC and_CC indicates_VVZ p_ZZ1 =_FO 0.01_MC in_II 4B_FO ._. 
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<s>
Data_NN were_VBDR analyzed_VVN using_VVG Mann-Whitney_NP1 U_JJ test_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Despite_II this_DD1 ,_, the_AT majority_NN1 of_IO cis_NN1 molecules_NN2 form_VV0 covalent_JJ links_NN2 at_II high_JJ annealing_JJ temperatures_NN2 when_RRQ no_AT strong_JJ selectivity_NN1 with_II31 respect_II32 to_II33 the_AT reaction_NN1 sites_NN2 is_VBZ observed_VVN once_RR the_AT activation_NN1 energy_NN1 is_VBZ available_JJ ._. 
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<s>
The_AT degradation_NN1 of_IO insulin_NN1 during_II the_AT intracellular_JJ trafficking_NN1 was_VBDZ first_MD investigated_VVN via_II ELISA._NP1 (_( 8,9_MC )_) INS_NNU2 NPs_NP1 (_( INS-C_NP1 NPs_NP1 ,_, INS-EGP_NP1 NPs_NP1 )_) were_VBDR preincubated_VVN with_IW Caco-2_MC cells_NN2 for_IF 30_MC min_NNU ._. 
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<s>
In_II any_DD case_NN1 ,_, our_APPGE ab_JJ21 initio_JJ22 results_NN2 clearly_RR indicate_VV0 that_CST the_AT EC_NP1 molecules_NN2 facilitate_VV0 the_AT surface_NN1 migration_NN1 of_IO Li+_FO ._. 
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<s>
Image_NN1 pre-processing_NN1 techniques_NN2 such_II21 as_II22 whitening_VVG can_VM also_RR be_VBI implemented_VVN to_TO further_RRR improve_VVI the_AT network_NN1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 performance_NN1 (_( Supplementary_JJ Figs_NN2 19–21_MCMC )_) ._. 
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<s>
The_AT effect_NN1 of_IO the_AT region_NN1 with_IW a_AT1 weak-constraint_JJ state_NN1 surpasses_VVZ that_DD1 of_IO the_AT region_NN1 with_IW a_AT1 strong-constraint_JJ state_NN1 when_CS the_AT distance_NN1 is_VBZ within_II 45_MC mm_NNU ,_, which_DDQ leads_VVZ to_II the_AT enlargement_NN1 of_IO the_AT forming_VVG area_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Furthermore_RR ,_, the_AT influence_NN1 of_IO fiber_NN1 type_NN1 ,_, bar_NN1 diameter_NN1 and_CC temperature_NN1 on_II the_AT ultimate_JJ strength_NN1 of_IO FRP_NP1 bars_NN2 coated_VVN with_IW intumescent_JJ paints_NN2 is_VBZ investigated_VVN ._. 
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<s>
Jins_NP2 can_VM be_VBI roughly_RR estimated_VVN by_II the_AT SSE_ND1 signal_NN1 in_II the_AT YIG/Pt_NN1 device_NN1 in_II which_DDQ the_AT Cr2O3_FO thickness_NN1 is_VBZ zero_MC and_CC the_AT SSE_ND1 signal_NN1 in_II YIG/Cr2O3/Pt_NN1 devices_NN2 yields_VVZ Jouts_NP1 (_( refs_NN2 16,17_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
In_II a_AT1 THFG_NP1 process_NN1 as_CSA shown_VVN in_II Fig_NN1 3_MC ,_, the_AT pressurized_JJ tube_NN1 is_VBZ forged_VVN into_II the_AT desired_JJ shape_NN1 by_II the_AT punch_NN1 movement_NN1 ,_, thus_RR a_AT1 compressive_JJ stress_NN1 develops_VVZ in_II the_AT direction_NN1 of_IO the_AT vertical_JJ sidewalls_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
XRD_NP1 patterns_NN2 of_IO the_AT 2H-_NN1 and_CC 3R-type_JJ compounds_NN2 after_II 10_MC ,_, 30_MC ,_, 50_MC ,_, and_CC 100_MC charge/discharge_NN1 cycles_NN2 were_VBDR collected_VVN ,_, and_CC the_AT Rietveld_NN1 refinement_NN1 results_NN2 are_VBR given_VVN in_II Fig_NN1 8_MC ._. 
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<s>
The_AT modified_JJ nGF_NNU was_VBDZ washed_VVN with_IW a_AT1 mixture_NN1 of_IO toluene_NN1 ,_, and_CC ethanol_NN1 (_( 1:1_MC v/v_NNU )_) ,_, and_CC dried_VVN under_II vacuum_NN1 at_II 60_MC °C_NNU to_TO obtain_VVI the_AT amine-functionalized_JJ nGF_NNU (_( nGF-NH2_NN1 )_) ._. 
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<s>
Meanwhile_RR ,_, the_AT Rct_NP1 increases_VVZ upon_II subsequent_JJ cycling_NN1 from_II 50_MC to_II 100_MC cycles_NN2 ,_, which_DDQ is_VBZ ascribed_VVN to_II the_AT parasitic_JJ reactions_NN2 between_II cathode_NN1 electrodes_NN2 and_CC electrolytes_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT membranes_NN2 had_VHD an_AT1 optimum_JJ flux_NN1 permeability_NN1 for_IF various_JJ salt_NN1 solutions_NN2 and_CC their_APPGE rejection_NN1 was_VBDZ found_VVN to_TO be_VBI in_II the_AT order_NN1 :_: AlCl3_FO CaCl2_FO NaClNa2SO4_FO due_II21 to_II22 the_AT combined_JJ effect_NN1 of_IO Donnan_JJ exclusion_NN1 and_CC size_NN1 exclusion_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
This_DD1 size_NN1 increase_NN1 indicates_VVZ a_AT1 significant_JJ change_NN1 in_II the_AT pore_NN1 structure_NN1 by_II lanthanide_NN1 coordination_NN1 ,_, as_II31 well_II32 as_II33 the_AT flexibility_NN1 of_IO the_AT network_NN1 ._. 
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Figure_NN1 2a_FO shows_VVZ top_JJ and_CC side_NN1 views_NN2 of_IO all_DB four_MC differently_RR shaped_VVD DPNs_NP1 :_: two_MC circular_JJ nanoconstructs_NN2 (_( CPNs_NN2 )_) with_IW diameters_NN2 of_IO 1000_MC and_CC 2000_MC nm_FU and_CC heights_NN2 of_IO 400_MC and_CC 600_MC nm_FU ,_, respectively_RR ;_; an_AT1 ellipsoidal_JJ nanoconstruct_NN1 (_( EPN_NP1 )_) with_IW a_AT1 major_JJ axis_NN1 of_IO 2100_MC nm_FU ,_, minor_JJ axis_NN1 of_IO 1400_MC nm_FU ,_, and_CC height_NN1 of_IO 400_MC nm_FU ;_; a_AT1 quadrangular_JJ nanoconstruct_NN1 (_( QPN_NP1 )_) with_IW a_AT1 side_NN1 length_NN1 of_IO 1000_MC nm_FU and_CC height_NN1 of_IO 400_MC nm_FU ._. 
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<s>
In_II G3_FO ,_, 100_MC g_ZZ1 ZA_NP1 contained_VVD in_II 125_MC L_ZZ1 saline_JJ (_( original_JJ concentration_NN1 0.8_MC mg/mL_NNU )_) was_VBDZ mixed_VVN with_IW 75_MC L_ZZ1 saline_JJ (_( final_JJ concentration_NN1 0.5_MC mg/mL_NNU )_) and_CC 20_MC L_NNU of_IO this_DD1 solution_NN1 containing_VVG 10_MC g_NNU ZA_NN1 was_VBDZ pipetted_VVN on_II each_DD1 of_IO the_AT Gel-CaS-HA_UH scaffolds_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Phase-field_JJ simulations_NN2 are_VBR performed_VVN by_II solving_VVG the_AT time-dependent_JJ Ginzburg-Landau_NP1 equations_NN2 for_IF the_AT spatial_JJ distribution_NN1 of_IO spontaneous_JJ polarization_NN1 P-_NN1 :_: (_( 1_MC1 )_) P-t_FO =_FO LδFδP-_FO where_RRQ t_ZZ1 and_CC L_ZZ1 represent_VV0 the_AT evolution_NN1 time_NNT1 and_CC kinetic_JJ coefficient_NN1 ,_, respectively_RR ._. 
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<s>
Pt/CuOx–CeO2_NN1 MS_NN1 composites_NN2 with_IW optimal_JJ &lsqb;_( Pt_FO &rsqb;_) /_FO &lsqb;_( Cu_FO &rsqb;_) ratio_NN1 of_IO 1/1_MF exhibit_VV0 excellent_JJ catalytic_JJ performance_NN1 and_CC satisfactory_JJ durability_NN1 when_CS compared_VVN to_II CuOx–CeO2_NP1 MS_NN1 ,_, Pt/CeO2_NN1 MS_NN1 reference_NN1 catalysts_NN2 ,_, and_CC other_JJ reported_JJ counterparts_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT PED_JJ specific_JJ energy_NN1 consumption_NN1 ,_, denoted_VVN (_( WED_VV0 )_) ,_, was_VBDZ calculated_VVN as_CSA energy_NN1 per_II mass_NN1 of_IO filtrate_NN1 removed_VVN (_( expressed_VVN in_II kWh/kgdewater_FU )_) or_CC per_II unit_NN1 mass_NN1 of_IO dry_JJ solids_NN2 (_( in_II kWh/kgDS_FU )_) (_( Mahmoud_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2011_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
We_PPIS2 demonstrated_VVD that_CST the_AT clinically_RR used_JJ liposomal_JJ nanoparticles_NN2 interact_VV0 and_CC can_VM be_VBI stably_RR coated_VVN with_IW a_AT1 complex_JJ mixture_NN1 of_IO plasma_NN1 proteins_NN2 ,_, including_II low_JJ MW_NNU and_CC lowabundance_NN1 molecules_NN2 otherwise_RR "_" masked_VVN "_" under_II the_AT overwhelming_JJ signal_NN1 of_IO highly_RR abundant_JJ proteins_NN2 (_( such_II21 as_II22 albumin_NN1 and_CC immunoglobulins_NN2 )_) ._. 
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<s>
H22_FO cells_NN2 tumor-bearing_JJ Balb/c_FU mice_NN2 with_IW 60_MC mm3_FO tumor_NN1 size_NN1 were_VBDR intratumorally_RR injected_VVN with_IW 100_MC L_NNU of_IO UCNPs@TiO2_FO and_CC Nd:UCNPs@H-TiO2_FO suspension_NN1 (_( 2_MC mg·mL–1_FO )_) ,_, respectively_RR ._. 
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<s>
The_AT interiors_NN2 of_IO these_DD2 sub-grain_JJ structures_NN2 appear_VV0 to_TO be_VBI free_JJ of_IO defects_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
In_II a_AT1 VAN_NN1 structure_NN1 ,_, the_AT magnetoelastic_JJ anisotropy_NN1 of_IO magnetic_JJ nanopillars_NN2 along_II the_AT film_NN1 growth_NN1 direction_NN1 is_VBZ given_VVN by_II FORMULA_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
In_II this_DD1 study_NN1 ,_, values_NN2 of_IO the_AT micro-hardening_NN1 matrix_NN1 are_VBR set_VVN to_II hss_NNU =_FO 1.0_MC ,_, resulting_VVG in_II linear_JJ isotropic_JJ hardening_NN1 ._. 
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A_AT1 schematic_JJ depicting_VVG antiferromagnetic_JJ spin_NN1 ordering_NN1 is_VBZ shown_VVN in_II Figure_NN1 S1_FO ._. 
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<s>
Herein_RR ,_, we_PPIS2 successfully_RR demonstrate_VV0 asymmetric_JJ moisturizing_NN1 induced_VVD power_NN1 generation_NN1 by_II directly_RR printing_VVG the_AT graphene_NN1 oxide_NN1 (_( GO_VV0 )_) onto_II a_AT1 moisture_NN1 insulation_NN1 substrate_NN1 (_( MIS_NP2 )_) ._. 
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<s>
In_II each_DD1 case_NN1 ,_, C_ZZ1 ,_, S_ZZ1 ,_, and_CC O_ZZ1 are_VBR omitted_VVN ,_, focusing_VVG on_II cation_NN1 percent_NNU for_IF each_DD1 alloying_JJ element_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Lithium_NN1 nitrate_NN1 and_CC multi-walled_JJ carbon_NN1 nanotubes_NN2 (_( 90%_NNU carbon_NN1 basis_NN1 )_) were_VBDR purchased_VVN from_II Sigma-Aldrich_NP1 ,_, Germany_NP1 ._. 
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<s>
Alloying_VVG elements_NN2 greatly_RR modify_VV0 defect_NN1 energetics_NN2 and_CC He_PPHS1 cavity_NN1 size_NN1 and_CC distribution_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Porcine_JJ studies_NN2 emulating_VVG severe_JJ human_JJ thoracic_JJ SCI_NN2 confirmed_VVD tissue_NN1 pressure_NN1 reduction_NN1 after_II piotomy_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT optical_JJ properties_NN2 of_IO 1-D_NP1 PCs_NN2 can_VM be_VBI designed_VVN ,_, specifically_RR ,_, by_II selecting_VVG proper_JJ dielectric_JJ materials_NN2 with_IW the_AT assistance_NN1 of_IO optical_JJ modeling_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT complexation_NN1 between_II PA6_FO and_CC LiCl_NP1 resulted_VVD in_II more_RGR pseudo-crosslinking_JJ structure_NN1 and_CC stiff_JJ ionic_JJ bond_NN1 ,_, and_CC then_RT increased_VVD the_AT flexural_JJ strength_NN1 and_CC modulus_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT activation_NN1 energy_NN1 Q_ZZ1 for_IF grain-boundary_JJ diffusion_NN1 is_VBZ about_RG 450_MC kJ/mol_NN1 &lsqb;_( 83,88_MC &rsqb;_) ._. 
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<s>
Furthermore_RR ,_, we_PPIS2 show_VV0 that_CST by_II controlling_VVG and_CC systematically_RR varying_VVG the_AT sediment_NN1 temperature_NN1 (_( rather_II21 than_II22 the_AT injection_NN1 temperature_NN1 )_) recoveries_NN2 nearly_RR double_VV0 that_CST reported_VVD in_II the_AT literature21_FO can_VM be_VBI achieved_VVN ._. 
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<s>
This_DD1 fact_NN1 greatly_RR simplifies_VVZ both_RR the_AT optical_JJ and_CC spin_VV0 spectra_NN2 ,_, and_CC makes_VVZ optical_JJ manipulation_NN1 of_IO the_AT hyperfine_JJ levels_NN2 possible_JJ ,_, an_AT1 important_JJ feature_NN1 of_IO this_DD1 work_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
However_RR ,_, from_II the_AT point_NN1 of_IO view_NN1 of_IO overall_JJ performance_NN1 ,_, it_PPH1 lowers_VVZ the_AT electrical_JJ conductivity_NN1 across_II the_AT laminate_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT plates_NN2 of_IO the_AT outer_JJ punch_NN1 as_II31 well_II32 as_II33 the_AT blankholder_NN1 are_VBR indirectly_RR loaded_VVN by_II springs_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
In_RR21 particular_RR22 ,_, a_AT1 re-entrant_NN1 NPR_NP1 microstructure_NN1 ,_, which_DDQ was_VBDZ obtained_VVN by_II using_VVG the_AT material-based_JJ inverse_JJ optimization_NN1 method_NN1 ,_, was_VBDZ 3D_NNU printed_JJ and_CC experimentally_RR tested_VVN in_II &lsqb;_( 27_MC &rsqb;_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
In_II31 terms_II32 of_II33 BP90_FO ,_, which_DDQ of_IO medium_JJ crystallinity_NN1 between_II BP10_FO and_CC BP60_FO ,_, both_DB2 adhesion_NN1 and_CC abrasive_JJ friction_NN1 can_VM be_VBI obviously_RR observed_VVN on_II the_AT worn_JJ surface_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT patella_NN1 was_VBDZ then_RT reduced_VVN and_CC the_AT incision_NN1 closed_VVN with_IW absorbable_JJ sutures_NN2 (_( Fig_NN1 3A_FO )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
TEM_NP1 characterization_NN1 was_VBDZ performed_VVN by_II Hitachi_NP1 HF3300_FO high_JJ resolution_NN1 TEM-STEM_NN1 equipped_VVN with_IW spatially_RR resolved_VVN electron_NN1 energy_NN1 loss_NN1 spectroscopy_NN1 (_( EELS_NN2 )_) ._. 
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<s>
The_AT phenomenon_NN1 is_VBZ in_II31 favor_II32 of_II33 the_AT release_NN1 for_IF the_AT potential_JJ magnetic_JJ property_NN1 of_IO BFO_NP1 system_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT results_NN2 suggest_VV0 the_AT availability_NN1 of_IO bimetallic_JJ strategy_NN1 for_IF the_AT development_NN1 of_IO rechargeable_JJ magnesium_NN1 battery_NN1 with_IW high_JJ capacity_NN1 and_CC long_JJ life_NN1 span_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
However_RR ,_, so_RG far_RR no_AT clear_JJ signature_NN1 of_IO electron–boson_NN1 coupling_NN1 has_VHZ been_VBN reported_VVN ._. 
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<s>
Summary_NN1 of_IO DSC_NN1 and_CC TGA_NN1 results_NN2 of_IO PBS_NP1 and_CC PBS/CNC_FU composite_JJ nanofiber_NN1 membranes_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
This_DD1 effect_NN1 is_VBZ due_II21 to_II22 the_AT presence_NN1 of_IO rarefaction_NN1 wave_NN1 that_CST trails_VVZ the_AT shock_NN1 wavefront_NN1 (_( after_CS the_AT shock_NN1 wave_NN1 has_VHZ reached_VVN the_AT interface_NN1 )_) which_DDQ in_II turn_NN1 led_VVN to_II the_AT release_NN1 of_IO pressure_NN1 and_CC strain_VV0 in_II the_AT crystalline_JJ region_NN1 of_IO the_AT specimen_NN1 &lsqb;_( 51_MC &rsqb;_) ._. 
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<s>
For_IF high-resolution_JJ spectra_NN2 ,_, the_AT pass_NN1 energy_NN1 was_VBDZ 20_MC eV_NN1 and_CC the_AT step_NN1 was_VBDZ 0.1_MC eV_NN1 with_IW a_AT1 dwell_VV0 time_NNT1 of_IO 200_MC ms_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Nevertheless_RR ,_, large-scale_JJ experiments_NN2 are_VBR required_VVN to_TO evaluate_VVI in_II more_DAR detail_NN1 the_AT possibility_NN1 of_IO the_AT applying_VVG such_DA a_AT1 concentration_NN1 process_NN1 in_II industry_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Use_NN1 of_IO the_AT Advanced_JJ Photon_NN1 Source_NN1 ,_, which_DDQ is_VBZ also_RR a_AT1 DOE_NN1 Office_NN1 of_IO Science_NN1 User_NN1 Facility_NN1 ,_, was_VBDZ supported_VVN by_II the_AT US_NP1 DOE_NP1 ,_, Office_NN1 of_IO Science_NN1 ,_, under_II Contract_NN1 No_UH ._. 
</s>
<s>
DEAC0206CH11357_FO ._. 
</s>
<s>
Additionally_RR ,_, FT-IR_JJ spectrum_NN1 of_IO S2-Saf_NP1 was_VBDZ also_RR analyzed_VVN and_CC compared_VVN with_IW that_DD1 of_IO ZnS@B_FO nanocrystals_NN2 (_( Figure_NN1 S5_FO )_) ._. 
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<s>
It_PPH1 is_VBZ obvious_JJ that_CST frequency_NN1 and_CC temperature_NN1 affect_VV0 these_DD2 properties_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Based_VVN on_II the_AT stoichiometry_NN1 of_IO serum_NN1 protein_NN1 binding_VVG (_( Supplementary_JJ Table_NN1 3_MC )_) ,_, weight_NN1 and_CC volume_NN1 fractions_NN2 of_IO C3_FO and_CC serum_NN1 proteins_NN2 were_VBDR determined_VVN (_( Fig_NN1 2c_FO ,_, d_ZZ1 )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
BMMCs_NP1 were_VBDR isolated_VVN by_II using_VVG SepMate_JJ tube_NN1 (_( STEMCELL_NP1 Technologies_NN2 Inc._JJ ,_, Vancouver_NP1 ,_, BC_RA ,_, Canada_NP1 )_) with_IW Ficoll-Paque_NN1 (_( GE_NP1 Healthcare_NN1 ,_, 1.077_MC g/ml_NNU )_) ._. 
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<s>
The_AT obtained_VVN sponge_NN1 was_VBDZ rinsed_VVN with_IW deionized_JJ water_NN1 to_TO remove_VVI residue_NN1 agents_NN2 ,_, and_CC then_RT freeze-dried_JJ at_II 55_MC °C_NNU for_IF 24_MC h_ZZ1 to_TO remove_VVI solvent_NN1 ,_, and_CC PDA@CNFs_FO was_VBDZ obtained_VVN ._. 
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<s>
The_AT barely_RR fibre/matrix_NN1 debonding_VVG (_( Fig_NN1 5a_FO )_) indicates_VVZ an_AT1 excellent_JJ fibre/matrix_NN1 interface_NN1 in_II the_AT CF/P_FU composite_JJ before_II ageing_VVG ,_, which_DDQ results_VVZ in_II the_AT good_JJ stress_NN1 transfer_NN1 ability_NN1 between_II the_AT matrix_NN1 and_CC fibres_NN2 33_MC ._. 
</s>
<s>
After_II 12_MC h_ZZ1 ,_, numerous_JJ CD31+_FO cells_NN2 were_VBDR observed_VVN uniformly_RR distributed_VVN throughout_II the_AT hydrogel_NN1 section_NN1 of_IO the_AT 0_MC h_ZZ1 sample_NN1 (_( Fig_NN1 6A_FO )_) while_CS fewer_DAR CD31+_FO cells_NN2 were_VBDR found_VVN in_II the_AT 4_MC h_ZZ1 construct_VV0 (_( Fig_NN1 6B_FO ,_, K_ZZ1 )_) ._. 
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<s>
Fig_NN1 8_MC Vacancy_NN1 migration_NN1 (_( Emv_NP1 )_) and_CC formation_NN1 energies_NN2 (_( Efv_NP1 )_) for_IF all_DB the_AT binary_JJ SPCSAs_NN2 from_II DFT_NP1 calculations_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
This_DD1 behavior_NN1 confirms_VVZ a_AT1 good_JJ retention_NN1 of_IO the_AT stiffness_NN1 for_IF these_DD2 materials_NN2 up_II21 to_II22 temperatures_NN2 close_VV0 to_II the_AT glass_NN1 transition_NN1 temperature_NN1 of_IO PEN_NN1 (_( around_RG 120_MC °C_NNU )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Similar_JJ simulation_NN1 results_NN2 were_VBDR also_RR reported_VVN by_II other_JJ researchers_NN2 through_II introducing_VVG defects_NN2 in_II suspended_JJ graphene_NN1 ,_, which_DDQ caused_VVD more_DAR phonon_NN1 scattering_VVG and_CC drastically_RR reduced_VVD its_APPGE thermal_JJ conductivity_NN1 &lsqb;_( 51_MC &rsqb;_) ,_, &lsqb;_( 52_MC &rsqb;_) ,_, &lsqb;_( 53_MC &rsqb;_) ,_, &lsqb;_( 54_MC &rsqb;_) ,_, &lsqb;_( 55_MC &rsqb;_) ,_, &lsqb;_( 56_MC &rsqb;_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
When_CS the_AT stainless_JJ steel_NN1 heater_NN1 is_VBZ in_II place_NN1 ,_, a_AT1 surge_NN1 in_II Fe_NP1 ,_, Cu_FO ,_, Ni_NP1 ,_, and_CC Mo_NP1 impurities_NN2 is_VBZ detected_VVN ._. 
</s>
<s>
Moreover_RR ,_, the_AT value_NN1 of_IO TD_NN1 ,_, which_DDQ depends_VVZ on_II the_AT distance_NN1 between_II adjacent_JJ twinning_JJ disconnections_NN2 ,_, is_VBZ approximately_RR constant_JJ as_RR21 well_RR22 ._. 
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<s>
This_DD1 work_NN1 was_VBDZ supported_VVN by_II ANR-15-JTIC-0002-01_NP1 and_CC Polynat_NP1 Carnot_NP1 Institute_NN1 (_( ANR-11-CANR-0007-01_NP1 )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT results_NN2 indicate_VV0 that_CST the_AT Ag_FO coating_NN1 has_VHZ a_AT1 positive_JJ effect_NN1 of_IO on_II improving_VVG the_AT resistance_NN1 to_II fracture_NN1 of_IO composites_NN2 and_CC the_AT 1.8_MC Ag-_JJ β_NULL -Si3N4w/Al_FU composites_NN2 shows_VVZ the_AT maximum_JJ KIC_NN1 (_( 23.9_MC MPa·m1/2_FU )_) ,_, which_DDQ is_VBZ 18.9%_FO higher_RRR than_CSN that_DD1 of_IO the_AT as-prepared_JJ composites_NN2 (_( 20.1_MC MPa·m1/2_FU )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT E_ND1 value_NN1 of_IO 0-RDF_NP1 was_VBDZ among_II the_AT range_NN1 of_IO 109–732KJmol1_NN1 with_IW an_AT1 irregular_JJ trend_NN1 which_DDQ was_VBDZ attributed_VVN to_II the_AT complicated_JJ reaction_NN1 schemes_NN2 which_DDQ indicated_VVD the_AT combustion_NN1 process_NN1 was_VBDZ complicated_JJ (_( Ma_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2015_MC ,_, López_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2014_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Here_RL ,_, a_AT1 new_JJ class_NN1 magnetic_JJ rubber_JJ foam_NN1 with_IW cellular_JJ structure_NN1 was_VBDZ developed_VVN and_CC synthesized_VVN by_II the_AT one-step_JJ solution_NN1 foam_NN1 processing_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT authors_NN2 acknowledge_VV0 the_AT support_NN1 of_IO the_AT Maryland_NP1 Nanocenter_NP1 ,_, its_APPGE Surface_NN1 Analysis_NN1 Center_NN1 ,_, and_CC the_AT AIMLab_NP1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
At_RR21 present_RR22 ,_, some_DD of_IO the_AT automobile_NN1 shredder_NN1 residue_NN1 (_( ASR_NP1 )_) that_CST contains_VVZ PVC_NN1 is_VBZ disposed_VVN of_IO in_II landfill_NN1 or_CC incinerated_VVD ,_, which_DDQ results_VVZ in_II land_NN1 and_CC air_NN1 pollution_NN1 (_( Mallampati_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2018_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
In_RR21 addition_RR22 ,_, because_II21 of_II22 the_AT ultra-low_JJ absorption_NN1 coefficient_NN1 ,_, 24,25_MC the_AT exponential_NN1 band_NN1 tail_NN1 (_( Urbach_NP1 model_NN1 )_) also_RR can_VM not_XX be_VBI used_VVN to_TO explain_VVI the_AT absorption_NN1 characteristics_NN2 here_RL ._. 
</s>
<s>
Some_DD studies_NN2 showed_VVD that_CST Zn_NP1 reduces_VVZ the_AT availability_NN1 of_IO Cd_NN1 in_II the_AT uptake-transport_JJ process_NN1 when_CS the_AT Cd/Zn_NN1 ratio_NN1 in_II crop_NN1 tissues_NN2 is_VBZ limited_VVN to_II 0.01_MC or_CC less_RRR (_( Adriano_NP1 ,_, 2001_MC ,_, Kabata-Pendias_NN2 ,_, 2010_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Since_II then_RT ,_, the_AT efficiencies_NN2 of_IO organic_JJ solar_JJ cells_NN2 have_VH0 progressively_RR increased_VVN ,_, up_II21 to_II22 the_AT current_JJ state_NN1 of_IO the_AT art_NN1 of_IO 12%.226_FO ,_, 227_MC The_AT main_JJ rational_JJ and_CC driving_JJ force_NN1 of_IO this_DD1 field_NN1 was_VBDZ the_AT creation_NN1 of_IO lowcost_NN1 allcarbonbased_JJ materials_NN2 for_IF PV_NN1 with_IW superior_JJ manufacturing_NN1 throughput_NN1 and_CC mechanical_JJ flexibility_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Therefore_RR ,_, it_PPH1 offers_VVZ additional_JJ probabilities_NN2 to_II controllable_JJ synthesis_NN1 of_IO Ru-based_JJ bimetallic_JJ nanocatalysts_NN2 for_IF HER_PPHO1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
It_PPH1 has_VHZ been_VBN applied_VVN to_II many_DA2 fields_NN2 such_II21 as_II22 coating_NN1 &lsqb;_( 2_MC &rsqb;_) ,_, casting_VVG &lsqb;_( 3_MC &rsqb;_) ,_, adhesive_JJ and_CC electronic_JJ potting_NN1 &lsqb;_( 4_MC &rsqb;_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Then_RT ,_, FePtCu/C_NP1 catalysts_NN2 along_II21 with_II22 commercial_JJ Pt/C_NNU were_VBDR deposited_VVN on_II glassy_JJ carbon_NN1 rotation_NN1 disk_NN1 electrode_NN1 (_( Pine_NN1 Instrument_NN1 )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
As_CSA one_MC1 strategy_NN1 ,_, the_AT modification_NN1 of_IO CAR_NN1 T_ZZ1 cells_NN2 with_IW biomaterials_NN2 that_CST enable_VV0 controlled_JJ release_NN1 of_IO immunomodulatory_JJ agents_NN2 ,_, more_RGR familiarly_RR known_VVN as_II the_AT backpack_NN1 system_NN1 ,_, is_VBZ being_VBG actively_RR pursued15_FO ._. 
</s>
<s>
Nonetheless_RR ,_, plasmon_NN1 decay_NN1 also_RR results_VVZ in_II energy_NN1 transfer_NN1 to_II the_AT lattice_NN1 as_CSA heat_NN1 that_CST is_VBZ detrimental_JJ to_II photovoltaic_JJ detector_NN1 performance2_FO ._. 
</s>
<s>
This_DD1 observation_NN1 therefore_RR eliminates_VVZ the_AT possibility_NN1 that_CST the_AT PL_NN1 comes_VVZ from_II direct_JJ excitation_NN1 and_CC emission_NN1 of_IO the_AT plasmon_NN1 involving_VVG the_AT sp-band_JJ free_JJ electrons_NN2 only_RR ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT Azo/f-PI_NN1 helix_NN1 outperforms_VVZ previous_JJ photo-induced_JJ deformable_JJ helixes_NN2 ,_, which_DDQ return_VV0 to_II its_APPGE original_JJ shape_NN1 in_II 8_MC days_NNT2 &lsqb;_( 15_MC &rsqb;_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
They_PPHS2 are_VBR mixed_VVN with_IW Pt–Au_NP1 catalytic_JJ nanomotors_NN2 in_II 7.5_MC wt_NN1 %_NNU H2O2_FO fuel_NN1 solution_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
In_II this_DD1 work_NN1 TiSe2_FO was_VBDZ chosen_VVN as_II a_AT1 second_MD constituent_NN1 because_CS (_( SnSe_NP1 )_) 1.21(TiSe2)_FO prepared_VVN from_II modulated_JJ reactants_NN2 is_VBZ unique_JJ in_II having_VHG long-range_JJ order_NN1 ,_, where_CS the_AT SnSe_NN1 structure_NN1 distorts_VVZ to_TO obtain_VVI an_AT1 epitaxial_JJ relationship_NN1 with_IW TiSe2_FO ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT stresses_NN2 were_VBDR more_RGR pronounced_JJ than_CSN shot_NN1 peening_VVG (_( +50%_FO at_II 0.12_MC mmA_NN1 and_CC about_II +25%_FO at_II 0.18_MC mmA_NN1 )_) on_II steel_NN1 samples_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
And_CC this_DD1 approach_NN1 has_VHZ been_VBN demonstrated_VVN to_TO be_VBI an_AT1 efficient_JJ tool_NN1 for_IF mimicking_VVG the_AT properties_NN2 of_IO antibody_NN1 for_IF glycoprotein_NN1 ,_, glycopeptide_VV0 ,_, and_CC glycan_NN1 binding_VVG ,_, owing_II21 to_II22 the_AT reversible_JJ covalent_JJ binding_NN1 between_II the_AT boronic_JJ acids_NN2 and_CC the_AT cisdiols_NN2 units_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
After_CS collection_NN1 of_IO bone_NN1 marrow_NN1 ,_, muscle_NN1 and_CC skin_NN1 in_II the_AT open_JJ wounds_NN2 were_VBDR sutured_VVN with_IW 4-0_MCMC vicryl_NN1 and_CC 3-0_MCMC silk_NN1 ,_, respectively_RR ._. 
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<s>
The_AT mechanical_JJ and_CC thermal_JJ properties_NN2 of_IO five_MC aramid_JJ fibers_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Several_DA2 different_JJ approaches_NN2 have_VH0 been_VBN developed_VVN by_II researchers_NN2 to_TO construct_VVI RVEs_NP2 with_IW accurate_JJ woven_JJ patterns_NN2 and_CC yarn_NN1 geometrical_JJ features_NN2 because_II21 of_II22 their_APPGE significant_JJ influence_NN1 on_II the_AT RVE_NN1 stress_NN1 response_NN1 under_II deformation_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Layered_JJ perovskite_NN1 single_JJ crystals_NN2 of_IO n_ZZ1 =_FO 2_MC ,_, 3_MC and_CC 4_MC were_VBDR synthesized_VVN according_II21 to_II22 previous_JJ literature28_FO ._. 
</s>
<s>
J.-H_NP1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
L._NP1 and_CC J._NP1 K._NP1 contributed_VVD to_II the_AT majority_NN1 of_IO the_AT experiments_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT AlTi_JJ results_NN2 ,_, using_VVG upper_JJ and_CC lower_JJR bounds_NN2 for_IF the_AT amplitude_NN1 ,_, again_RT fall_VV0 on_II either_DD1 side_NN1 of_IO the_AT power_NN1 inferred_VVN from_II the_AT thermal_JJ model_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
As_CSA anatase_NN1 surfaces_NN2 often_RR exhibit_VV0 remarkably_RR distinct_JJ behaviour_NN1 24,25,26,27_MC ,_, we_PPIS2 performed_VVD simulations_NN2 on_II the_AT three_MC most_RGT common_JJ low-index_NN1 (_( 101_MC )_) ,_, (_( 001_MC )_) and_CC (_( 100_MC )_) surfaces_NN2 (_( a-101_MC ,_, a-001_MC and_CC a-100_MC ,_, respectively_RR )_) at_II high_JJ temperature_NN1 (_( T_ZZ1 =_FO 800_MC K_ZZ1 )_) and_CC under_II high-pressure_NN1 H2_FO atmosphere_NN1 (_( p_ZZ1 =_FO 200_MC bar_NN1 ;_; see_VV0 Methods_NN2 for_IF details_NN2 )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
A_AT1 developed_JJ high_JJ speed_NN1 spectroscopy_NN1 system_NN1 enables_VVZ to_TO easily_RR obtain_VVI the_AT image_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Tribological_JJ conditions_NN2 in_II forming_VVG operations_NN2 depend_VV0 on_II several_DA2 parameters_NN2 such_II21 as_II22 tool-workpiece_JJ interface_NN1 pressure_NN1 ,_, surface_NN1 expansion_NN1 ,_, sliding_JJ length_NN1 ,_, sliding_JJ speed_NN1 ,_, tool_NN1 and_CC workpiece_NN1 materials_NN2 and_CC the_AT roughness_NN1 of_IO the_AT parts_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT authors_NN2 thank_VV0 the_AT Taiwan_NP1 National_JJ Synchrotron_NN1 Radiation_NN1 Research_NN1 Center_NN1 for_IF XAFS_NN2 equipment_NN1 access_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
A_AT1 pyrometer_NN1 was_VBDZ used_VVN for_IF monitoring_VVG the_AT temperature_NN1 at_II the_AT TBC_NP1 surface_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT organic_JJ content_NN1 was_VBDZ determined_VVN based_VVN on_II the_AT weight_NN1 loss_NN1 between_II 150_MC to_II 550_MC °C_NNU ._. 
</s>
<s>
Solvents_NN2 with_IW moderate_JJ εr_FO and_CC DN_NN1 such_II21 as_II22 DMSO_NP1 and_CC DMF_NP1 are_VBR unable_JK to_TO achieve_VVI good_JJ dispersion_NN1 of_IO MPA-capped_JJ CQDs_NP1 at_II high_JJ concentrations_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT TCR_NP1 and_CC TCR_NP1 β_NULL cDNAs_NN2 encoding_VVG the_AT BDC2.5-TCR_NN1 were_VBDR generated_VVN from_II BDC2.5-CD4+_FO T-cell-derived_NP1 mRNA_NN1 using_VVG the_AT 5_MC '_NULL RACE_NN1 System_NN1 for_IF Rapid_JJ Amplification_NN1 of_IO cDNA_NN1 Ends_NN2 ,_, version_NN1 2.0_MC kit_NN1 (_( Thermo_NP1 Fisher_NP1 Scientific_JJ )_) ,_, and_CC subcloned_VVD as_II a_AT1 P2A-tethered_JJ single_JJ open-reading_JJ frame_NN1 into_II a_AT1 retroviral_JJ vector_NN1 upstream_RL of_IO an_AT1 IRES-eGFP_JJ cassette_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
These_DD2 metrics_NN2 were_VBDR calculated_VVN as_CSA cell_NN1 density_NN1 (_( /mL_FU )_) at_II consecutive_JJ distance_NN1 intervals_NN2 ,_, fitted_VVN by_II continuous_JJ kernel_NN1 density_NN1 estimations_NN2 for_IF the_AT mean_JJ and_CC standard_JJ error_NN1 of_IO the_AT measurements_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Second-moment_JJ characteristics_NN2 of_IO the_AT developed_JJ model_NN1 form_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT volumetric_JJ capacity_NN1 of_IO the_AT LixSi/graphene_NN1 foil_NN1 is_VBZ 1,800–2,000_MCMC mAh_NN1 cm–3_NN1 ,_, approaching_VVG the_AT theoretical_JJ value_NN1 of_IO Li_NP1 metal_NN1 (_( 2,061_MC mAh_NN1 cm–3_NN1 )_) 33_MC ._. 
</s>
<s>
Photocatalytic_JJ activity_NN1 (_( yield_NN1 of_IO CH4_FO )_) for_IF CO2_FO reduction_NN1 corresponding_VVG to_II cycling_VVG runs_NN2 of_IO Au@g-C3N4/SnS_FU yolk–shell_NN1 photocatalysts_NN2 (_( SnS_NN2 41.2_MC wt_NN1 %_NNU )_) ._. 
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<s>
X-ray_NN1 diffraction_NN1 (_( XRD_NP1 )_) spectrum_NN1 was_VBDZ recorded_VVN on_II an_AT1 X-ray_NN1 diffractor_NN1 (_( Bruker_NP1 AXS_NP1 ,_, Germany_NP1 )_) operating_VVG at_II 40_MC kV_NNU with_IW a_AT1 scan_NN1 rate_NN1 of_IO 2°/min_NNU between_II 5°_NNU and_CC 35°_NNU ._. 
</s>
<s>
Fig_NN1 2_MC SEM_NP1 image_NN1 at_II low_JJ magnification_NN1 ,_, and_CC high_JJ magnification_NN1 of_IO Zn3(VO4)2_FO nanoplates_VVZ hydrothermally_RR synthesized_VVD at_II 180_MC °C_NNU ._. 
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<s>
All_DB chemicals_NN2 were_VBDR analytical_JJ grade_NN1 and_CC used_VVN without_IW further_JJR purification_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT SiO2_FO nanospheres_NN2 and_CC SiO2@PB/SiO2_VV0 nanospheres_NN2 were_VBDR synthesized_VVN according_II21 to_II22 our_APPGE previous_JJ work_NN1 &lsqb;_( 28_MC &rsqb;_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Fig_NN1 9_MC TREF_NP1 elution_NN1 profiles_NN2 of_IO 50/50_MF mixture_NN1 of_IO SRM_NP1 1475a_FO and_CC SRM_NP1 1476_MC for_IF dynamic_JJ cooling_JJ rates_NN2 of_IO 1_MC1 ,_, 2_MC and_CC 3_MC °C/min_NNU ._. 
</s>
<s>
For_IF experiments_NN2 with_IW drug-free_JJ ferritin_NN1 nanocages_NN2 ,_, antibodies_NN2 were_VBDR conjugated_VVN to_II ferritin_NN1 in_II the_AT absence_NN1 of_IO SOD_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT evolution_NN1 of_IO the_AT system_NN1 under_II the_AT external_JJ tensile_JJ strain_NN1 is_VBZ shown_VVN in_II Fig_NN1 19_MC ._. 
</s>
<s>
It_PPH1 should_VM be_VBI mentioned_VVN that_CST the_AT decrease_NN1 of_IO PL_NP1 QY_NN1 of_IO the_AT perovskite_NN1 QDs_NP1 when_CS using_VVG mixed_JJ halides_NN2 is_VBZ not_XX exclusive_JJ to_II this_DD1 work_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Error_NN1 bar_NN1 :_: 100_MC m_ZZ1 s-1_FO ,_, 1_MC1 standard_JJ deviation_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
On_II day_NNT1 3_MC ,_, 7_MC and_CC 14_MC ,_, the_AT relative_JJ abundance_NN1 and_CC distribution_NN1 of_IO insulin_NN1 was_VBDZ different_JJ as_CSA per_II the_AT number_NN1 of_IO cells_NN2 in_II 3D_NNU (_( Fig_NN1 4D_NNU )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
After_II 6000_MC continuous_JJ cycles_NN2 ,_, the_AT Co3O4/Au-modified_JJ electrode_NN1 showed_VVD a_AT1 15_MC mV_NNU negative_JJ shift_NN1 in_II E1/2_FU ,_, but_CCB no_UH shift_VV0 in_II Eonset_NP1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Ionically_RR cross-linked_JJ chitosan_JJ nanoparticles_NN2 have_VH0 great_JJ potential_NN1 in_II nanomedicine_NN1 due_II21 to_II22 their_APPGE tunable_JJ properties_NN2 and_CC cationic_JJ nature_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
It_PPH1 was_VBDZ initially_RR supposed_VVN that_CST this_DD1 behavior_NN1 was_VBDZ caused_VVN by_II the_AT physical_JJ release_NN1 of_IO biomass_NN1 due_II21 to_II22 the_AT decompression_NN1 of_IO the_AT foam_NN1 during_II the_AT filling_NN1 of_IO the_AT reactor_NN1 ,_, and_CC later_RRR due_II21 to_II22 the_AT compression_NN1 of_IO the_AT foam_NN1 when_CS emptying_VVG the_AT reactor_NN1 ,_, but_CCB this_DD1 effect_NN1 does_VDZ not_XX explain_VVI the_AT intermediate_JJ peak_NN1 which_DDQ occurred_VVD even_RR after_II one_MC1 day_NNT1 of_IO operation_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
However_RR ,_, compared_VVN to_II the_AT different_JJ wastes_NN2 ,_, the_AT use_NN1 of_IO coffee_NN1 pulp_NN1 and_CC husk_VV0 as_II a_AT1 carbon_NN1 source_NN1 resulted_VVN in_II increased_JJ production_NN1 of_IO carotenoids_NN2 by_II the_AT yeast_NN1 R._NP1 mucilaginosa_NN1 CCMA_NN1 0156_MC (_( 16.36_MC ±_FO 0073mgL1_FO coffee_NN1 pulp_NN1 and_CC husk_VV0 extract_NN1 was_VBDZ 21.35_MC ±_FO 0,067mgL1_FO )_) rather_II21 than_II22 spent_JJ coffee_NN1 grounds_NN2 used_VVN by_II Sporobolomyces_NN2 roseus_NN (_( 12.59mgL1_FO )_) (_( Petrik_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2014_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
Gels_NN2 were_VBDR allowed_VVN to_TO equilibrate_VVI for_IF 1_MC1 h_ZZ1 at_II 37_MC °C_NNU in_II a_AT1 solution_NN1 of_IO 1_MC1 mg/mL_NNU labeled_VVD BSA_NP1 or_CC 33.3_MC g/mL_NNU IgG_NN1 in_II HBSS/HEPES_FU ._. 
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The_AT 293T_FO cells_NN2 were_VBDR monitored_VVN each_DD1 day_NNT1 to_TO ascertain_VVI their_APPGE survival_NN1 ._. 
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EIS_NP1 measurements_NN2 were_VBDR performed_VVN with_IW a_AT1 BioLogic_JJ SP300_FO potentiostat_NN1 ._. 
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Anisotropy_NN1 factors_NN2 corresponding_VVG to_II the_AT in-phase_NN1 and_CC out-of-phase_JJ components_NN2 of_IO the_AT magnetization_NN1 of_IO the_AT C096–C136_JJ nanocube_NN1 needles_NN2 ._. 
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Initially_RR ,_, 150_MC nM_FU cholesterol_NN1 ,_, 300_MC nM_FU diacyllipid_JJ and_CC 400_MC nM_FU tocopherol_NN1 conjugates_NN2 were_VBDR incubated_VVN with_IW 5_MC ×_II 105_MC Ramos-cells_NN2 ml–1_VV0 ._. 
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The_AT selected_JJ variants_NN2 V6_FO and_CC V5_FO have_VH0 NRSS_NP1 values_NN2 of_IO 0.155_MC and_CC 0.073_MC ,_, respectively_RR ,_, the_AT first_MD and_CC third_MD highest_JJT NRSS_NP1 values_NN2 (_( Fig_NN1 9D_NNU )_) ._. 
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All_DB polymers_NN2 were_VBDR measured_VVN in_II the_AT membrane_NN1 form_NN1 and_CC the_AT small_JJ molecules_NN2 were_VBDR measured_VVN as_CSA powders_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Further_JJR details_NN2 of_IO the_AT crystal_NN1 structure_NN1 investigation_NN1 can_VM be_VBI obtained_VVN from_II the_AT Fachinformationszentrum_NP1 Karlsruhe_NP1 ,_, 76344_MC EggensteinLeopoldshafen_NP1 (_( Germany_NP1 )_) ,_, on_II quoting_VVG the_AT depository_JJ number_NN1 CSD434795_FO ._. 
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<s>
Though_CS much_DA1 progress_NN1 has_VHZ been_VBN made_VVN in_II achievable_JJ growth_NN1 coverage(15)_FO as_II31 well_II32 as_II33 quality_NN1 of_IO the_AT CVD-grown_NN1 MoS2_FO monolayer_NN1 on_II sapphire(38-40)_NN1 by_II tuning_VVG of_IO process_NN1 parameters_NN2 ,_, reactor_NN1 geometry_NN1 ,_, and_CC choice_NN1 of_IO chemical_JJ precursors_NN2 ,_, not_XX much_DA1 work_NN1 has_VHZ been_VBN done_VDN in_II regulating_VVG the_AT flux_NN1 and_CC concentration_NN1 gradient_NN1 of_IO the_AT chemical_JJ precursors_NN2 using_VVG reactive_JJ barriers_NN2 ._. 
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In_BCL21 order_BCL22 to_TO focus_VVI on_II the_AT influence_NN1 of_IO the_AT particle_NN1 interphase_NN1 ,_, the_AT other_JJ factors_NN2 ,_, mentioned_VVN above_RL ,_, were_VBDR neutralized_VVN as_RG much_DA1 as_CSA possible_JJ by_II carefully_RR choosing_VVG matrix_NN1 material_NN1 ,_, particle_NN1 material_NN1 and_CC processing_VVG conditions_NN2 ._. 
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In_II contrast_NN1 ,_, only_RR a_AT1 few_DA2 ,_, short_JJ fibrils_NN2 and_CC small_JJ globular_JJ aggregates_NN2 were_VBDR found_VVN in_II the_AT A_ZZ1 β_NULL samples_NN2 incubated_VVD under_II illumination_NN1 with_IW anodic_JJ bias_NN1 (_( 0.8_MC V_NNU )_) ._. 
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Black_JJ arrow_NN1 indicates_VVZ the_AT boundary_NN1 between_II neo-tissue_NN1 and_CC surrounding_JJ normal_JJ cartilage_NN1 ;_; (_( d_ZZ1 )_) higher-magnification_JJ images_NN2 selected_VVN from_II the_AT normal_JJ cartilage_NN1 areas_NN2 and_CC neo-cartilage_JJ areas_NN2 ;_; (_( e_ZZ1 )_) H_ZZ1 &E;_NULL staining_NN1 of_IO no-treatment_JJ defect_NN1 at_II 8_MC weeks_NNT2 in_II the_AT control_NN1 group_NN1 ;_; (_( f_ZZ1 )_) toluidine_VV0 blue_JJ staining_NN1 ;_; (_( g_ZZ1 )_) COL_NN1 II_MC immunohistochemical_JJ staining_NN1 ;_; (_( h_ZZ1 )_) COL_NN1 I_ZZ1 immunohistochemical_JJ staining_NN1 ;_; (_( i_ZZ1 )_) GAGs_VVZ content_JJ ;_; (_( j_ZZ1 )_) COL_NN1 II_MC content_JJ ;_; (_( k_ZZ1 )_) compressive_JJ moduli_NN2 ._. 
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The_AT fiber_NN1 mats_NN2 were_VBDR cut_VVN into_II 15_MC mm_NNU diameter_NN1 circular_NN1 discs_NN2 and_CC placed_VVN into_II the_AT wells_NN2 of_IO 24-well_JJ plates_NN2 ._. 
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The_AT reciprocal_JJ space_NN1 position_NN1 (_( ,_, β_NULL ,_, 2_MC θ_NULL )_) of_IO each_DD1 (_( x_ZZ1 ,_, y_ZZ1 )_) pixel_NN1 in_II the_AT image_NN1 series_NN was_VBDZ then_RT determined_VVN by_II finding_VVG the_AT three-dimensional_JJ centroid_NN1 of_IO the_AT intensity_NN1 distribution_NN1 ._. 
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While_CS M-ChiP_NP1 also_RR exhibited_VVN a_AT1 significantly_RR lower_JJR dark_JJ toxicity_NN1 due_II21 to_II22 its_APPGE good_JJ biocompatibility_NN1 ._. 
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Therefore_RR ,_, different-sized_JJ molecules_NN2 have_VH0 their_APPGE own_DA deflection_NN1 angle_NN1 in_II the_AT slanted_JJ nanofilter_NN1 array_NN1 ,_, which_DDQ leads_VVZ to_II a_AT1 continuous_JJ molecule_NN1 sizing_VVG ._. 
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These_DD2 values_NN2 are_VBR consistent_JJ with_IW the_AT experimental_JJ boundaries_NN2 of_IO the_AT system_NN1 ,_, as_CSA was_VBDZ mentioned_VVN in_II the_AT introduction_NN1 ._. 
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Although_CS there_EX was_VBDZ an_AT1 effort_NN1 to_TO adjust_VVI the_AT voltage_NN1 through_II the_AT circuit_NN1 design_NN1 ,_, the_AT complexity_NN1 and_CC the_AT bulkiness_NN1 of_IO the_AT circuit_NN1 board_NN1 make_VV0 it_PPH1 difficult_JJ ._. 
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A_AT1 single-atom_JJ thick_JJ row_NN1 of_IO atoms_NN2 is_VBZ highlighted_VVN between_II the_AT dashed_JJ turquoise_NN1 and_CC dotted_JJ yellow_JJ lines_NN2 ._. 
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The_AT results_NN2 showed_VVD 0.5_MC wt%_FO of_IO SiC_RR nanowhiskers_NN2 improved_JJ coefficient_NN1 of_IO friction_NN1 and_CC interfacial_JJ shear_VV0 strength_NN1 by_II about_RG 12%_NNU in_II comparison_NN1 to_II GP_NN1 sample_NN1 ._. 
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Despite_II the_AT potent_JJ antibacterial_JJ activities_NN2 ,_, the_AT eco_NN1 and_CC cytotoxicities_NN2 of_IO the_AT biocides_NN2 or_CC polycations_NN2 remain_VV0 a_AT1 concern_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
In_RR21 addition_RR22 ,_, the_AT mmin_NN1 of_IO the_AT water_NN1 droplet_NN1 is_VBZ clearly_RR larger_JJR than_CSN that_DD1 of_IO the_AT EG_REX droplet_NN1 when_CS using_VVG the_AT same_DA SPI_JJ pattern_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT latter_DA was_VBDZ achieved_VVN with_IW four_MC intravenous_JJ infusions_NN2 of_IO clodronate-encapsulated_JJ multi-lamellar_JJ egg_NN1 (_( mole_NN1 ratio_NN1 of_IO 7:3_MC )_) liposomes_VVZ in_II the_AT 800–1,700_MCMC nm_FU range_NN1 (_( corresponding_VVG to_II 1.0_MC g_NNU clodronate_NN1 per_II 10_MC kg_NNU body_NN1 weight_NN1 )_) ,_, once_RR every_AT1 12_MC h_ZZ1 (_( ref._NN1 37_MC )_) ._. 
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For_IF aging_VVG at_II 350_MC °C_NNU (_( Fig_NN1 5(c)_FO )_) ,_, the_AT microhardness_NN1 of_IO Al-0.2Sc_NNU and_CC Al-0.4Sc_JJ reaches_NN2 a_AT1 peak_NN1 after_II 2_MC h_ZZ1 ._. 
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<s>
Again_RT ,_, due_II21 to_II22 a_AT1 lack_NN1 of_IO experimental_JJ approaches_NN2 ,_, direct_JJ comparison_NN1 between_II these_DD2 two_MC effects_NN2 has_VHZ not_XX been_VBN carried_VVN out_RP ._. 
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We_PPIS2 then_RT used_VVD 365_MC nm_FU to_TO irradiate_VVI the_AT two_MC solutions_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
To_TO investigate_VVI rel_NN1 fluctuations_NN2 through_II volume_NN1 ,_, sections_NN2 from_II LBM_NP1 series_NN 1_MC1 were_VBDR done_VDN in_II three_MC planes_NN2 per_II sample_NN1 as_CSA illustrated_VVN in_II Fig_NN1 11_MC ._. 
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The_AT TGA_NN1 data_NN of_IO nonirradiated_JJ and_CC irradiated_JJ composites_NN2 were_VBDR summarized_VVN in_II Table_NN1 3_MC ._. 
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<s>
The_AT presence_NN1 of_IO both_DB2 markers_NN2 in_II cultivated_JJ endothelial_JJ cells_NN2 indicates_VVZ that_CST the_AT 75/25_MF films_NN2 can_VM support_VVI the_AT key_JJ functional_JJ roles_NN2 of_IO the_AT corneal_JJ endothelium_NN1 ._. 
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The_AT salt_NN1 rejection_NN1 was_VBDZ proven_VVN in_II several_DA2 lab_NN1 and_CC ocean_NN1 experiments_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
When_CS an_AT1 electric_JJ field_NN1 is_VBZ applied_VVN on_II the_AT sample_NN1 ,_, the_AT radical_JJ density_NN1 is_VBZ increased_VVN which_DDQ in_II turn_NN1 affects_VVZ the_AT magnetic_JJ exchange_NN1 interaction_NN1 with_IW a_AT1 magnetoelectric_JJ coupling_NN1 coefficient_NN1 MEE_NP1 of_IO =2.9_FO V_ZZ1 Oe-1_MC1 cm-1.28_MC To_TO further_RRR investigate_VVI the_AT coupling_NN1 of_IO the_AT magnetic_JJ and_CC electric_JJ order_NN1 parameters_NN2 ,_, the_AT pressuredependent_JJ magnetization_NN1 measurements_NN2 through_II uniaxial_JJ compression_NN1 were_VBDR carried_VVN out_RP as_II a_AT1 function_NN1 of_IO temperature_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Solution_NN1 polycondensation_NN1 of_IO Arg-6-S_NP1 with_IW Phe-6_MC at_II a_AT1 mole_NN1 ratio_NN1 of_IO 75%_NNU by_II 2_MC ,_, 4_MC ,_, and_CC 8_MC ._. 
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<s>
Using_VVG energy_NN1 dedicated_JJ crops_NN2 could_VM be_VBI more_RGR challenging_JJ because_II21 of_II22 yield_NN1 variability_NN1 ,_, as_II31 well_II32 as_II33 higher_JJR cumulative_JJ energy_NN1 demand_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT increase_NN1 of_IO carbon_NN1 to_II x_ZZ1 =_FO 3_MC resulted_VVD in_II the_AT yield_NN1 of_IO ZrC_NP1 ,_, SiC_RR ,_, and_CC ZrSi2_FO as_II the_AT major_JJ phases_NN2 for_IF Reaction_NN1 (_( 2_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
A_AT1 general_JJ question_NN1 is_VBZ why_RRQ specific_JJ attention_NN1 should_VM be_VBI paid_VVN to_II these_DD2 2D_NNU and_CC layered_JJ oxide_NN1 materials_NN2 ,_, e.g._REX ,_, why_RRQ they_PPHS2 are_VBR relevant_JJ and_CC "_" different_JJ "_" from_II other_JJ catalysts_NN2 or_CC bulktype_VV0 oxides_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Importantly_RR ,_, although_CS the_AT overall_JJ recovery_NN1 in_II weight_NN1 loss_NN1 was_VBDZ similar_JJ in_II the_AT NS_NP1 and_CC MS_NN1 groups_NN2 ,_, the_AT average_JJ colon_NN1 weight_NN1 in_II the_AT NS_NP1 group_NN1 (_( 107.8_MC ±_FO 3.2_MC mg_NNU )_) was_VBDZ significantly_RR decreased_VVN compared_VVN to_II the_AT untreated_JJ group_NN1 (_( 131.9_MC ±_FO 6.9_MC mg_NNU )_) ,_, whereas_CS the_AT MS_NN1 treated_VVN group_NN1 was_VBDZ statistically_RR indistinguishable_JJ compared_VVN to_II the_AT untreated_JJ group_NN1 (_( Fig_NN1 3b_FO )_) ._. 
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<s>
To_TO clarify_VVI the_AT issue_NN1 of_IO the_AT porosity_NN1 gradient/variation_NN1 design_NN1 principle_NN1 effect_NN1 on_II the_AT mechanical_JJ properties_NN2 ,_, there_EX are_VBR two_MC major_JJ design_NN1 concepts_NN2 about_II the_AT porosity_NN1 structure_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT Scenario_NN1 Team_NN1 presented_VVD the_AT quantified_JJ waste_NN1 storylines_VVZ at_II a_AT1 meeting_NN1 of_IO the_AT wastEturn_NN1 Advisory_JJ Board_NN1 (_( validation_NN1 Step_NN1 2.5_MC in_II Section_NN1 2.2_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
The_AT magnitude_NN1 of_IO the_AT Seebeck_NN1 coefficient_NN1 initially_RR increases_VVZ with_IW the_AT temperature_NN1 ,_, approaching_VVG its_APPGE maximum_JJ value_NN1 near_II 400_MC K_ZZ1 ,_, and_CC then_RT decreases_VVZ as_RG intrinsic_JJ excitations_NN2 start_VV0 to_TO dominate_VVI the_AT transport_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Inter-lamellar_JJ distance_NN1 and_CC lamellar_JJ channel_NN1 length_NN1 of_IO different_JJ constructs_NN2 composed_VVN of_IO different_JJ blending_JJ ratio_NN1 of_IO mulberry_NN1 and_CC non-mulberry_JJ SF_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT same_DA structures_NN2 were_VBDR also_RR tested_VVN in_II various_JJ organic_JJ solvents_NN2 like_II methanol_NN1 ,_, ethanol_NN1 ,_, acetone_VV0 ,_, isopropyl_NN1 alcohol_NN1 ,_, and_CC aldehydes_NN2 ,_, but_CCB the_AT actuation_NN1 has_VHZ been_VBN observed_VVN only_RR in_II acetone_NN1 and_CC aldehydes_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT presence_NN1 of_IO organics_NN2 can_VM also_RR be_VBI seen_VVN by_II EDX_NP1 measurement_NN1 of_IO the_AT clay_NN1 particles_NN2 which_DDQ shows_VVZ the_AT presence_NN1 of_IO significant_JJ amount_NN1 of_IO C_ZZ1 and_CC N_ZZ1 present_JJ in_II the_AT material_NN1 (_( Fig_NN1 8_MC )_) ._. 
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The_AT comparison_NN1 of_IO micro-_NN1 and_CC nanofillers_NN2 is_VBZ very_RG interesting_JJ and_CC clearly_RR shows_VVZ the_AT differences_NN2 in_II their_APPGE reinforcing_JJ effect_NN1 ._. 
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One_MC1 example_NN1 application_NN1 of_IO random_JJ DNA_NN1 origami_NN2 arrays_NN2 is_VBZ for_IF molecular_JJ robots_NN2 (_( Supplementary_JJ Note_NN1 9.1_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
The_AT studied_JJ landfill_NN1 cover_NN1 soil_NN1 did_VDD not_XX exhibit_VVI high_RR enough_DD values_NN2 for_IF parameters_NN2 such_II21 as_II22 porosity_NN1 ,_, WHC_NP1 and_CC nutrient_NN1 content_NN1 that_CST support_VV0 sufficient_JJ CH4_FO oxidation_NN1 activity_NN1 for_IF mitigating_VVG emitted_JJ CH4_FO ._. 
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<s>
Scanning_VVG the_AT dielectric_JJ response_NN1 of_IO the_AT EVA_NP1 polymer_NN1 at_II higher_JJR temperatures_NN2 (_( near_II the_AT melting_NN1 point_NN1 )_) reveals_VVZ a_AT1 significant_JJ increase_NN1 in_II dielectric_JJ loss_NN1 at_II low_JJ frequency_NN1 ._. 
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The_AT behaviour_NN1 of_IO stiffened_JJ composite_JJ panels_NN2 was_VBDZ numerically_RR studied_VVN ,_, using_VVG nonlinear_JJ explicit_JJ FEM_NN1 analyses_NN2 ,_, under_II different_JJ impact_NN1 energy_NN1 levels_NN2 ._. 
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ANOVA_NP1 results_NN2 for_IF GFRP_NP1 bars_VVZ ultimate_JJ tensile_JJ strength_NN1 retention_NN1 at_II 350–600_MCMC °C_NNU ._. 
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<s>
To_TO enhance_VVI the_AT accumulation_NN1 capacity_NN1 ,_, the_AT implementation_NN1 of_IO different_JJ pre-treatments_NN2 in_II waste_NN1 sludge_NN1 has_VHZ been_VBN proposed_VVN ._. 
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<s>
The_AT refractometric_JJ OWLS_NN2 technique_NN1 is_VBZ based_VVN on_II thin-film_JJ optical_JJ waveguide_NN1 chips_NN2 comparable_JJ with_IW those_DD2 used_VVN for_IF focal_JJ molography_NN1 ._. 
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It_PPH1 was_VBDZ replotted_VVN in_II Fig_NN1 10b_FO ._. 
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<s>
Coding_VVG regions_NN2 for_IF different_JJ GPCRs_NP1 described_VVD here_RL were_VBDR obtained_VVN from_II cDNA_NN1 Resource_NN1 Center_NN1 and_CC they_PPHS2 were_VBDR subcloned_VVN into_II the_AT standard_NN1 pcDNA3.1_FO vector_NN1 with_IW an_AT1 N-terminal_JJ signal_NN1 sequence_NN1 and_CC a_AT1 FLAG_NN1 tag_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
A_AT1 longer_JJR IDT_NN1 may_VM result_VVI in_II a_AT1 statistically_RR significant_JJ (_( p-value_NN1 =_FO 0.05_MC )_) difference_NN1 in_II deposited_VVD region_NN1 hardness_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Understanding_VVG the_AT structural_JJ and_CC electrochemical_JJ changes_NN2 occurring_VVG in_II cathode_NN1 materials_NN2 when_RRQ a_AT1 dopant_NN1 is_VBZ added_VVN to_II the_AT system_NN1 is_VBZ of_IO paramount_JJ importance_NN1 in_II the_AT design_NN1 of_IO novel_JJ materials_NN2 with_IW enhanced_JJ electrochemical_JJ performance_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT (_( virtual_JJ )_) particle_NN1 can_VM be_VBI approximated_VVN as_II a_AT1 spheroid_NN1 ,_, characterized_VVN via_II its_APPGE aspect_NN1 ratio_NN1 (_( zx_FO )_) ._. 
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<s>
It_PPH1 was_VBDZ because_CS more_RGR volatile_JJ released_VVN at_II the_AT second_MD combustion_NN1 stage_NN1 when_CS chlorine_NN1 depleted_JJ pyrolyzate_NN1 was_VBDZ added_VVN ._. 
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Cell_NN1 proliferation_NN1 reagent_NN1 WST-1_MC1 was_VBDZ obtained_VVN from_II Roche_NP1 Applied_JJ Science_NN1 ._. 
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These_DD2 results_NN2 indicate_VV0 that_CST LiTFSI-IL-P(VDF-HFP)_NP1 gel_NN1 electrolyte_NN1 has_VHZ remarkable_JJ dendrite-suppressing_JJ ability_NN1 for_IF high-performance_JJ lithium_NN1 metal_NN1 batteries_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT reason_NN1 may_VM be_VBI due_II21 to_II22 the_AT better_JJR dispersion_NN1 of_IO treated_JJ fiber_NN1 into_II matrix_NN1 with_IW minimization_NN1 of_IO voids_NN2 ,_, stronger_JJR interfacial_JJ adhesion_NN1 between_II the_AT matrix_NN1 and_CC fiber_NN1 48_MC ,_, 49_MC ._. 
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The_AT auxiliary_JJ equipment_NN1 of_IO the_AT drop-tube_JJ furnace_NN1 includes_VVZ pressure_NN1 fan_NN1 ,_, induced_VVD draft_NN1 fan_NN1 ,_, air_NN1 preheater_NN1 ,_, valves_NN2 and_CC screw_VV0 feeder_NN1 ._. 
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At_II all_DB other_JJ time_NNT1 points_NN2 ,_, the_AT percentage_NN1 of_IO leukocytes_NN2 was_VBDZ similar_JJ between_II groups_NN2 (_( Fig_NN1 6B_FO )_) ._. 
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In_II conclusion_NN1 ,_, the_AT one-step_JJ activation_NN1 method_NN1 was_VBDZ beneficial_JJ to_II the_AT catalytic_JJ hydrolysis_NN1 and_CC the_AT swelling_JJ effect_NN1 of_IO ZnCl2_FO ;_; therefore_RR ,_, Zn/C-I_NP1 had_VHD the_AT most_RGT developed_JJ pore_NN1 structure_NN1 ._. 
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The_AT f-PI_NN1 (_( Fig_NN1 S3b_FO )_) shows_VVZ no_AT characteristic_JJ peaks_NN2 ,_, and_CC the_AT isomerization_NN1 degree_NN1 of_IO Azo_NP1 grafted_VVD on_II f-PI_NN1 is_VBZ identified_VVN by_II the_AT intensity_NN1 of_IO the_AT band_NN1 (_( At_II ,_, t_ZZ1 is_VBZ irradiation_NN1 time_NNT1 )_) originating_VVG from_II the_AT -_- electron_NN1 transition_NN1 (_( 395_MC nm_FU )_) of_IO Azo_NP1 (_( Fig_NN1 S3a_FO )_) ._. 
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The_AT emission_NN1 is_VBZ dominated_VVN ,_, however_RR ,_, by_II the_AT ±1_FO bright_JJ excitons_NN2 (_( green_JJ line_NN1 )_) and_CC only_RR a_AT1 weak_JJ contribution_NN1 of_IO the_AT ±2_FO dark_JJ excitons_NN2 (_( red_JJ line_NN1 )_) is_VBZ expected_VVN ._. 
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Then_RT ,_, a_AT1 facile_JJ liquid_JJ nitrogen_NN1 flashfrozen_NN1 and_CC immediately_RR smashed_VVN (_( LNFS_NP1 )_) method_NN1 was_VBDZ developed_VVN to_TO prepare_VVI porous_JJ alginate_JJ microscaffolds_NN2 (_( AMS_NP2 )_) with_IW high_JJ integrity_NN1 of_IO the_AT 3D_NNU porous_JJ structure_NN1 (_( Scheme_NN1 1B_FO )_) ._. 
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The_AT reason_NN1 is_VBZ that_CST fewer_DAR detachment_NN1 of_IO fiber/matrix_NN1 occurred_VVD at_II the_AT core_NN1 of_IO the_AT larger_JJR bars_NN2 and_CC also_RR there_EX was_VBDZ a_AT1 higher_JJR confinement_NN1 force_NN1 for_IF inner_JJ fibers_NN2 in_II such_DA bars_NN2 ._. 
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In_RR21 addition_RR22 ,_, the_AT carbon_NN1 capture_NN1 process_NN1 is_VBZ reported_VVN to_TO cause_VVI an_AT1 estimated_JJ decrease_NN1 of_IO 25%_NNU in_II the_AT net_JJ efficiency_NN1 of_IO power_NN1 generation_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Predicting_VVG the_AT behavior_NN1 of_IO material_NN1 properties_NN2 under_II different_JJ conditions_NN2 has_VHZ been_VBN the_AT aim_NN1 of_IO several_DA2 studies_NN2 &lsqb;_( &lsqb;_( 35_MC &rsqb;_) ,_, &lsqb;_( 36_MC &rsqb;_) ,_, &lsqb;_( 37_MC &rsqb;_) &rsqb;_) ._. 
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This_DD1 compositional_JJ simplification_NN1 eliminates_VVZ problems_NN2 related_VVN to_II unwanted_JJ deviations_NN2 from_II the_AT optimized_JJ stoichiometry_NN1 in_II the_AT switching_JJ volume_NN1 ,_, which_DDQ become_VV0 increasingly_RR pressing_VVG when_RRQ devices_NN2 are_VBR aggressively_RR miniaturized_VVN 9,10_MC ._. 
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<s>
SWCNTs_NP1 are_VBR made_VVN of_IO a_AT1 graphene_NN1 layer_NN1 rolled-up_JJ into_II a_AT1 cylinder_NN1 of_IO diameter_NN1 dt_NNU ,_, the_AT full_JJ geometry_NN1 being_VBG determined_VVN by_II the_AT chiral_JJ indices_NN2 (_( n_ZZ1 ,_, m_ZZ1 )_) ._. 
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<s>
These_DD2 hybrid_JJ precipitates_NN2 grow_VV0 in_II one_MC1 direction_NN1 forming_VVG Z-phase_JJ precipitates_NN2 in_II the_AT form_NN1 of_IO elongated_JJ hexagons_NN2 ._. 
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Furthermore_RR ,_, nanomesh_VV0 conductors_NN2 were_VBDR used_VVN as_CSA on-skin_JJ electrophysiology_NN1 electrodes_VVZ for_IF EMG_NP1 recording_NN1 ._. 
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Before_CS mechanical_JJ failure_NN1 ,_, there_EX is_VBZ no_AT loss_NN1 in_II electrical_JJ conductivity_NN1 (_( Supplementary_JJ Fig_NN1 4_MC )_) ._. 
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The_AT three_MC rabbits_NN2 in_II the_AT microfracture_NN1 group_NN1 also_RR showed_VVD relatively_RR large_JJ standard_JJ deviations_NN2 in_II multiple_JJ assessments_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Moreover_RR ,_, the_AT prepared_JJ composites_NN2 showed_VVD great_JJ potential_NN1 as_CSA microwave_NN1 shielding_VVG materials_NN2 in_II military_JJ and_CC civilian_JJ applications_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Low-energy_JJ ion_NN1 scattering_VVG (_( LEIS_NP1 )_) ,_, employed_VVN as_II an_AT1 independent_JJ and_CC damage-free_JJ characterization_NN1 ,_, confirms_VVZ the_AT absence_NN1 of_IO Ru_NN1 on_II the_AT outermost_JJ surface_NN1 of_IO the_AT heterostructure_NN1 before_II (_( extended_JJ data_NN Fig_NN1 S10_FO ,_, ESI_NP1 )_) and_CC after_II OER_JJR evaluation_NN1 (_( Fig_NN1 2c_FO )_) ._. 
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<s>
The_AT height_NN1 of_IO MoS2_FO flakes_VVZ along_II CNTs_NP1 is_VBZ usually_RR 1–2_MCMC nm_FU as_CSA shown_VVN in_II Figure_NN1 S3_FO of_IO the_AT Supporting_JJ Information_NN1 ,_, indicating_VVG they_PPHS2 are_VBR mostly_RR bi_NN2 or_CC trilayer_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Fig_NN1 5b_FO and_CC c_ZZ1 shows_VVZ the_AT EELS_NN2 elemental_JJ mapping_NN1 of_IO Fe_NP1 ,_, Cu_FO and_CC Pt_FO and_CC their_APPGE overlay_NN1 at_II atomic_JJ scale_NN1 ,_, in_II which_DDQ the_AT atom_NN1 columns_NN2 of_IO each_DD1 of_IO the_AT Fe_NP1 and_CC Pt_FO elements_NN2 are_VBR clearly_RR resolved_VVN ._. 
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<s>
To_TO elicit_VVI a_AT1 reversible_JJ mechanical_JJ activity_NN1 in_II31 response_II32 to_II33 an_AT1 external_JJ stimulus_NN1 is_VBZ at_II the_AT heart_NN1 of_IO molecular_JJ actuation_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
To_TO prevent_VVI respiratory_JJ motion_NN1 ,_, mechanical_JJ ventilation_NN1 was_VBDZ interrupted_VVN just_RR prior_II21 to_II22 the_AT weight_NN1 drop_NN1 and_CC IV_MC succinylcholine_NN1 was_VBDZ administered_VVN to_TO achieve_VVI muscle_NN1 paralysis_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Of_IO these_DD2 ,_, some_DD were_VBDR excluded_VVN prior_II21 to_II22 the_AT further_JJR thermodynamic_JJ analysis_NN1 :_: e.g._REX ,_, As_CSA was_VBDZ not_XX considered_VVN ,_, as_CSA being_VBG highly_RR toxic_JJ ;_; Re_NP1 and_CC Pt_FO were_VBDR excluded_VVN as_CSA too_RG expensive_JJ ._. 
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<s>
Fig_NN1 11_MC presents_VVZ the_AT micro-damages_NN2 of_IO the_AT Al3Ti_FO phase_NN1 after_II hot_JJ compression_NN1 experimentation_NN1 ,_, which_DDQ indicated_VVD that_CST the_AT external_JJ load_NN1 could_VM be_VBI transferred_VVN to_II the_AT Al3Ti_FO phase_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
We_PPIS2 optimized_VVD the_AT combination_NN1 of_IO the_AT geometry_NN1 and_CC architecture_NN1 on_II which_DDQ the_AT CAFs_NP2 were_VBDR activated_VVN and_CC displayed_VVN myofibroblastic_JJ properties_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Gene_NN1 therapy_NN1 refers_VVZ to_II the_AT guide_NN1 of_IO genetic_JJ materials_NN2 into_II the_AT target_NN1 cancer_NN1 cells_NN2 to_TO regulate_VVI the_AT apoptosislinked_JJ gene_NN1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 expression_NN1 and_CC corresponding_JJ biological_JJ signaling_JJ pathway_NN1 to_TO kill_VVI the_AT cancer_NN1 cells_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Supplementary_JJ Note_NN1 2_MC and_CC Supplementary_JJ Figs-5–7_MCMC explain_VV0 the_AT convolution_NN1 model_NN1 and_CC fitting_JJ procedure_NN1 in_II detail_NN1 and_CC extend_VV0 the_AT analyses_NN2 to_II all_DB proteins_NN2 characterized_VVN in_II this_DD1 work_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT mixture_NN1 was_VBDZ stirred_VVN for_IF 16_MC h_ZZ1 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT addition_NN1 of_IO TiO2_FO nanoparticles_NN2 enables_VVZ the_AT photo-generated_JJ electron_NN1 to_TO get_VVI transferred_VVN from_II the_AT surface_NN1 of_IO m-CN_NN1 to_II TiO2_FO ,_, thereby_RR increasing_VVG the_AT photocatalytic_JJ efficiency_NN1 of_IO the_AT TiO2@m-CN_FO nanocomposite_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
In_RR21 addition_RR22 ,_, minor_JJ variants_NN2 can_VM be_VBI related_VVN to_II habit_NN1 plane_NN1 solutions_NN2 within_II one_MC1 and_CC the_AT same_DA grain_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
These_DD2 seemingly_RR counterintuitive_JJ observations_NN2 suggested_VVD that_CST ,_, besides_II dose_NN1 ,_, pMHC_NNU densities_NN2 greater_JJR than_CSN the_AT minimal_JJ optimal_JJ density_NN1 do_VD0 somehow_RR enhance_VVI Treg_NN1 cell_NN1 formation_NN1 and/or_CC expansion_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Therefore_RR ,_, we_PPIS2 used_VVD this_DD1 model_NN1 to_TO evaluate_VVI the_AT biocompatibility_NN1 ,_, safety_NN1 ,_, and_CC efficacy_NN1 of_IO F-HKUST-1_NP1 in_RR21 vivo_RR22 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT magnetization_NN1 is_VBZ thus_RR sampled_VVN every_AT1 2_MC ns_FO ,_, which_DDQ results_VVZ in_II a_AT1 time_NNT1 resolution_NN1 of_IO 100_MC ps_NNU2 after_II the_AT injection_NN1 of_IO 20_MC successive_JJ unit-sequences_NN2 by_II routing_VVG the_AT intensity_NN1 of_IO each_DD1 probing_JJ event_NN1 to_II a_AT1 counting_NN1 register_NN1 ._. 
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The_AT Seebeck_NN1 coefficient_NN1 (_( Figure_NN1 6c_FO )_) improves_VVZ during_II the_AT bending_NN1 cycles_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
An_AT1 appropriate_JJ amount_NN1 of_IO SnCl2·2H2O_FO and_CC excess_JJ amount_NN1 of_IO citric_JJ acid_NN1 ,_, serving_VVG as_II the_AT stabilizing_JJ agent_NN1 of_IO Sn_NN1 precursor_NN1 ,_, at_II a_AT1 molar_JJ ratio_NN1 of_IO 3_MC (_( vs_II the_AT amount_NN1 of_IO Sn_NN1 )_) were_VBDR dissolved_VVN in_II 7_MC mL_NNU of_IO bi-distilled_JJ deionized_JJ water_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT ratio_NN1 for_IF electrolyte/sulfur_NN1 in_II each_DD1 cell_NN1 is_VBZ about_RG 16_MC ml/gsulfur_FU for_IF the_AT mass_JJ loading_NN1 of_IO 1.5_MC mg/cm2_FU while_CS 10_MC ml/gsulfur_FU for_IF the_AT mass_JJ loading_NN1 of_IO 3.1_MC mg/cm2_FU ,_, 4.8_MC mg/cm2_FU and_CC 7.0_MC mg/cm2_FU ._. 
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<s>
SMNCs_NP1 and_CC PNCs_NP1 encapsulating_VVG the_AT near-infrared_JJ fluorescent_JJ (_( NIF_NN1 )_) dye_NN1 (_( Cy-5.5_MC )_) were_VBDR injected_VVN retro-orbitally_RR (_( 150_MC l_NNU of_IO NPs_NP1 )_) in_II ischemic_JJ mice_NN2 3_MC days_NNT2 after_II surgery_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
It_PPH1 should_VM be_VBI noted_VVN that_CST the_AT stiffness_NN1 of_IO the_AT particles_NN2 Ep_NN1 and_CC the_AT volume_NN1 fraction_NN1 of_IO particles_NN2 within_II the_AT matrix_NN1 Vp_NP1 are_VBR updated_VVN for_IF each_DD1 SOC_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Therefore_RR ,_, the_AT significant_JJ decrease_NN1 in_II Zn_NP1 leaching_VVG in_II the_AT pH_NN1 range_NN1 of_IO 5–8_MCMC was_VBDZ caused_VVN by_II the_AT first_MD surface_NN1 site_NN1 ,_, which_DDQ provided_VVD deprotonated_JJ surface_NN1 sites_NN2 (_( negatively_RR charged_VVN )_) to_TO adsorb_VVI positively_RR charged_VVN and_CC neutral_JJ Zn_NP1 species_NN in_II the_AT pH_NN1 range_NN1 of_IO 5–8_MCMC ._. 
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<s>
At_II low_JJ temperatures_NN2 ,_, I111/I200_VV0 initially_RR decreases_VVZ to_II approximately_RR 0.92–0.93_MCMC ,_, and_CC afterward_RL ,_, the_AT ratio_NN1 slowly_RR and_CC monotonically_RR increases_VVZ ,_, remaining_VVG below_RG 1.1_MC at_II 120°_NNU and_CC 1.5_MC at_II 150_MC °C_NNU ,_, even_RR after_II 12_MC or_CC more_DAR hours_NNT2 of_IO exchange_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT acquisition_NN1 of_IO higher_JJR resistance_NN1 to_II Dox_NP1 in_II LbL-MPs_NNU 3D_NNU spheroids_NN2 could_VM be_VBI related_VVN to_II several_DA2 factors_NN2 ,_, including_II the_AT formation_NN1 of_IO more_RGR compact_JJ spheroids_NN2 via_II increased_JJ matrix_NN1 deposition_NN1 or_CC via_II increased_JJ expression_NN1 of_IO CD44_FO markers_NN2 as_CSA demonstrated_VVN by_II FCM_NP1 analysis_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Furthermore_RR ,_, the_AT transplanted_JJ hMSCs_NNU labeled_VVD with_IW this_DD1 UCNTbased_JJ nanocomplex_NN1 ,_, were_VBDR trackable_JJ in_JJ21 vivo_JJ22 with_IW NIR_NP1 light_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
To_TO further_RRR confirm_VVI that_CST our_APPGE sensing_NN1 platform_NN1 can_VM be_VBI utilized_VVN as_II a_AT1 wearable_JJ sweat_NN1 analyzer_NN1 ,_, we_PPIS2 collected_VVD sweat_NN1 samples_NN2 from_II a_AT1 human_JJ subject_NN1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 forehead_NN1 during_II exercise_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Once_RR21 again_RR22 ,_, the_AT long_JJ APD_NN1 region_NN1 with_IW an_AT1 extended_JJ depolarization_NN1 period_NN1 is_VBZ not_XX involved_JJ in_II these_DD2 local_JJ dynamics_NN ._. 
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<s>
These_DD2 observations_NN2 indicate_VV0 that_CST acute_JJ inflammation_NN1 in_II local_JJ tissue_NN1 after_II local_JJ transplantation_NN1 of_IO autologous_JJ BMSCs_NP1 induces_VVZ apoptosis_NN1 in_II31 association_II32 with_II33 oxidative_JJ stress_NN1 ,_, as_CSA seen_VVN in_II a_AT1 previous_JJ report_NN1 on_II local_JJ transplantation_NN1 of_IO myoblasts_NN2 &lsqb;_( 25_MC &rsqb;_) ._. 
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<s>
The_AT perovskite_NN1 materials_NN2 are_VBR also_RR expected_VVN to_TO be_VBI actively_RR applied_VVN to_II LEDs_NN2 and_CC transistors_NN2 through_II an_AT1 inexpensive_JJ solution_NN1 process_NN1 &lsqb;_( 9_MC &rsqb;_) ,_, &lsqb;_( 10_MC &rsqb;_) ,_, &lsqb;_( 11_MC &rsqb;_) ,_, &lsqb;_( 12_MC &rsqb;_) ,_, &lsqb;_( 13_MC &rsqb;_) ,_, &lsqb;_( 14_MC &rsqb;_) ._. 
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<s>
When_CS the_AT size_NN1 of_IO the_AT dot_NN1 is_VBZ increased_VVN from_II 4_MC to_II 6_MC nm_FU ,_, the_AT average_JJ conversion_NN1 ratio_NN1 is_VBZ decreased_VVN (_( Fig_NN1 3f_RA inset_NN1 )_) ,_, in_II agreement_NN1 with_IW the_AT trend_NN1 observed_VVN for_IF HTJBS_NP1 in_II the_AT experiment_NN1 (_( Fig_NN1 2f_RA )_) ._. 
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<s>
Most_DAT research_NN1 focused_VVN on_II the_AT ageing_JJ of_IO the_AT elastomer_NN1 in_II an_AT1 engine_NN1 mount_NN1 is_VBZ carried_VVN out_RP under_II laboratory_NN1 conditions_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
A_AT1 sample_NN1 was_VBDZ placed_VVN on_II a_AT1 stainless_JJ steel_NN1 platform_NN1 ,_, the_AT drop_NN1 platen_VV0 fitted_VVN with_IW an_AT1 accelerometer_NN1 was_VBDZ released_VVN mechanically_RR from_II a_AT1 known_JJ height_NN1 ,_, and_CC fell_VVD freely_RR onto_II the_AT sample_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Based_VVN on_II the_AT firstprinciples_NN2 calculation_NN1 ,_, it_PPH1 was_VBDZ found_VVN that_DD1 monolayer_NN1 MoS2_FO nanocrystals_NN2 can_VM effectively_RR release_VVI structural_JJ stress_NN1 and_CC reduce_VVI the_AT Li+_FO diffusion_NN1 barrier_NN1 during_II charge_NN1 and_CC discharge_NN1 ,_, enabling_VVG Li+_FO efficient_JJ insertion_NN1 and_CC extraction_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT developed_JJ analytical_JJ model_NN1 used_VMK to_TO estimate_VVI the_AT effective_JJ elastic_JJ properties_NN2 of_IO the_AT 3D_NNU structural_JJ battery_NN1 composite_NN1 at_II different_JJ SOC_NN1 is_VBZ set-up_NN1 in_II four_MC steps_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Thanks_II21 to_II22 the_AT atomically_RR flat_JJ interfaces_NN2 and_CC the_AT absence_NN1 of_IO alloy_NN1 disorder_NN1 ,_, excitonic_JJ phase_NN1 coherence_NN1 is_VBZ preserved_VVN even_RR in_II rings_NN2 with_IW circumferences_NN2 as_RG large_JJ as_CSA 200_MC nm_FU ._. 
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<s>
Wt_NN1 and_CC Lt_NNB are_VBR the_AT weight_NN1 and_CC side_NN1 length_NN1 of_IO the_AT wet_JJ sample_NN1 after_II every_AT1 time_NNT1 point_NN1 (_( 1_MC1 ,_, 3_MC ,_, 6_MC ,_, 9_MC ,_, 12_MC ,_, and_CC 24_MC h_ZZ1 )_) ,_, respectively_RR ._. 
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<s>
A_AT1 phosphate_NN1 buffer_NN1 solution_NN1 (_( 1_MC1 M_ZZ1 )_) prepared_VVN from_II K2HPO4_FO (_( Merck_NP1 ,_, Suprapur_NP1 99.99%_FO )_) and_CC KOH_NP1 (_( Alfa_NP1 Aesar_NP1 ,_, 99.98%_FO metal_NN1 basis_NN1 )_) at_II pH_NN1 10_MC served_VVD as_II the_AT electrolyte_NN1 in_II the_AT EC-IRRAS_NN2 measurements_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT above_JJ results_NN2 fully_RR demonstrate_VV0 that_CST the_AT functionalization_NN1 of_IO MWCNTs_NP1 by_II TA-PEI_NP1 can_VM significantly_RR improve_VVI the_AT reinforcing_JJ effect_NN1 of_IO MWCNTs_NP1 ._. 
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<s>
Fig_NN1 S12_FO shows_VVZ an_AT1 excellent_JJ cycling_NN1 stability_NN1 and_CC high_JJ coulombic_JJ efficiency_NN1 of_IO NP-SnSb_NP1 ._. 
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<s>
This_DD1 implies_VVZ the_AT non-epitaxial_JJ growth_NN1 when_CS depositing_VVG thin_JJ films_NN2 at_II the_AT total_JJ sputtering_JJ pressure_NN1 of_IO 1_MC1 Pa_NP1 ,_, which_DDQ is_VBZ quite_RG different_JJ from_II that_DD1 of_IO NiO_NP1 thin_JJ films_NN2 deposited_VVN at_II the_AT total_JJ sputtering_JJ pressure_NN1 of_IO 0.5_MC Pa_NNU (_( see_VV0 Fig_NN1 1(b)_FO and_CC (_( c_ZZ1 )_) )_) ._. 
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<s>
Source_NN1 model_NN1 S1_FO is_VBZ designed_VVN to_TO mimic_VVI discrete_JJ dislocation_NN1 dynamics_NN simulations_NN2 in_II a_AT1 continuum_NN1 framework_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
When_CS examined_VVN the_AT hybrid_JJ film_NN1 more_RGR carefully_RR (_( Figure_NN1 1c_FO ;_; Figure_NN1 S5a_FO ,_, b_ZZ1 ,_, Supporting_JJ Information_NN1 )_) ,_, it_PPH1 is_VBZ found_VVN that_CST ultrafine_VV0 Mo2C_FO nanoparticles_NN2 with_IW an_AT1 average_JJ diameter_NN1 of_IO 10–20_MCMC nm_FU are_VBR homogeneously_RR dispersed_VVN on_II CNTs_NP1 without_IW any_DD obvious_JJ agglomeration_NN1 ,_, indicating_VVG that_CST this_DD1 in_RR21 situ_RR22 conversion_NN1 strategy_NN1 can_VM effectively_RR suppress_VVI the_AT growth_NN1 of_IO Mo2C_FO particles_NN2 by_II location_NN1 confinement_NN1 of_IO precursor_NN1 MoO2_FO (_( Figure_NN1 S4a_FO ,_, b_ZZ1 ,_, Supporting_JJ Information_NN1 )_) ._. 
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<s>
So_RR ,_, we_PPIS2 determinate_JJ the_AT levels_NN2 of_IO the_AT renal_JJ function_NN1 markers_NN2 BUN_NN1 and_CC CREA_NP1 (_( Figure_NN1 5c_FO )_) ._. 
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<s>
This_DD1 alloy_NN1 is_VBZ an_AT1 Al-Cu-Mg_NP1 based_VVN alloy_NN1 used_VVD essentially_RR for_IF aircraft_NN application_NN1 in_II the_AT form_NN1 of_IO plates_NN2 or_CC sheets_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
No_AT significant_JJ changes_NN2 in_II PCBM_NP1 crosssectional_JJ distribution_NN1 occur_VV0 until_CS Tg_NP1 is_VBZ reached_VVN beyond_II which_DDQ ,_, after_II 30_MC min_NNU annealing_VVG at_II 100_MC °C_NNU a_AT1 rapid_JJ enrichment_NN1 of_IO PCBM_NP1 is_VBZ observed_VVN at_II the_AT PEDOT:PSS_FO interface_NN1 ,_, quantified_VVN below_RL ._. 
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<s>
We_PPIS2 speculated_VVD that_CST the_AT superior_JJ catalytic_JJ efficiencies_NN2 of_IO the_AT three_MC MOF_NN1 catalysts_NN2 could_VM be_VBI ascribed_VVN to_II the_AT synergistic_JJ effect_NN1 of_IO open_JJ indium_NN1 sites_NN2 as_CSA Lewis_NP1 acid_NN1 with_IW different_JJ halide_NN1 ions_NN2 as_CSA weak_JJ base_NN1 sites_NN2 ,_, which_DDQ might_VM enhance_VVI the_AT catalytic_JJ selectivity_NN1 through_II polarizing_VVG and_CC activating_VVG CO2_FO molecules_NN2 during_II the_AT reaction_NN1 process_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
As_CSA stated_VVN before_RT ,_, the_AT known_JJ offline_JJ systems_NN2 are_VBR not_XX able_JK to_TO measure_VVI viscosity_NN1 of_IO gas_NN1 laden_VVN ,_, fiber_NN1 reinforced_VVD polymer_NN1 melts_VVZ at_II shear_VV0 rates_NN2 appearing_VVG in_II injection_NN1 molding_VVG ._. 
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<s>
The_AT electric_JJ potential_JJ distribution_NN1 along_II the_AT sliding_JJ distance_NN1 of_IO TENGs_NP2 in_II the_AT open_JJ circuit_NN1 can_VM be_VBI evaluated_VVN by_II numerical_JJ simulation_NN1 using_VVG COMSOL_NP1 ,_, as_CSA shown_VVN in_II Fig_NN1 3f_RA ._. 
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<s>
A_AT1 traction_NN1 free_JJ condition_NN1 is_VBZ applied_VVN on_II the_AT top_JJ lateral_JJ edge_NN1 and_CC the_AT hole_NN1 surface_NN1 ,_, and_CC the_AT out-of-plane_JJ displacement_NN1 is_VBZ constrained_VVN to_TO be_VBI zero_NN1 for_IF the_AT front_NN1 and_CC back_NN1 surfaces_NN2 (_( i.e._REX boundary_NN1 conditions_NN2 in_II the_AT z_ZZ1 direction_NN1 )_) ._. 
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<s>
As_CSA shown_VVN in_II Fig_NN1 9A_FO ,_, free_JJ CPT_NP1 is_VBZ cleared_VVN from_II the_AT blood_NN1 very_RG rapidly_RR and_CC less_DAR than_CSN 2%_NNU of_IO CPT_NP1 remains_VVZ in_II circulation_NN1 4_MC h_ZZ1 after_II injection_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Many_DA2 authors_NN2 have_VH0 worked_VVN with_IW these_DD2 types_NN2 of_IO dryers_NN2 to_TO improve_VVI the_AT sewage_NN1 sludge_NN1 process_NN1 Li_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2013_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
The_AT number_NN1 of_IO layers_NN2 is_VBZ small_JJ ,_, but_CCB the_AT size_NN1 is_VBZ large_JJ ,_, which_DDQ is_VBZ 2–3_MCMC times_NNT2 larger_JJR than_CSN the_AT grain_NN1 size_NN1 of_IO the_AT cubic_JJ structure_NN1 from_II Fig_NN1 2_MC (_( d_ZZ1 )_) ._. 
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<s>
Fig_NN1 6_MC Evaluation_NN1 of_IO carbon_NN1 loss_NN1 (_( a_ZZ1 )_) ,_, nitrogen_NN1 loss_NN1 (_( b_ZZ1 )_) ,_, and_CC greenhouse_NN1 gas_NN1 emissions_NN2 (_( c_ZZ1 )_) profile_NN1 in_II different_JJ treatments_NN2 at_II the_AT end_NN1 of_IO composting_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
With_IW 2+_FO the_AT preferred_JJ valence_NN1 state_NN1 of_IO Ni_NP1 in_II oxides_NN2 ,_, the_AT structure_NN1 of_IO bulk_NN1 Ni_NP1 silicate_NN1 is_VBZ similar_JJ to_II that_DD1 of_IO lizardite_NN1 ,_, Mg3Si2O5(OH)4_FO ,_, where_CS divalent_JJ cations_NN2 fill_VV0 all_DB of_IO the_AT octahedral_JJ sites_NN2 below_II the_AT Si2O5_FO tetrahedral_JJ sheet_NN1 creating_VVG a_AT1 trioctahedral_NN1 1:1_MC clay_NN1 (_( 1:1_MC refers_VVZ to_II one_MC1 tetrahedral_JJ sheet_NN1 per_II octahedral_JJ sheet_NN1 )_) ._. 
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Moreover_RR ,_, the_AT realistic_JJ public_JJ participation_NN1 rate_NN1 used_VVN in_II this_DD1 study_NN1 for_IF food_NN1 waste_NN1 separation_NN1 had_VHD a_AT1 serious_JJ negative_JJ impact_NN1 on_II the_AT economics_NN1 of_IO the_AT AD-based_JJ strategy_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
For_IF a_AT1 more_RGR detailed_JJ comparison_NN1 ,_, the_AT specific_JJ SE_ND1 values_NN2 of_IO the_AT PVB/Ni-Gr/SCF_NN1 with_IW 2_MC wt%_FO and_CC 5_MC wt%_FO filler_NN1 along_RP and_CC perpendicular_NN1 to_II the_AT casting_NN1 direction_NN1 in_II this_DD1 work_NN1 are_VBR also_RR listed_VVN in_II Table_NN1 1_MC1 ._. 
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Figure_NN1 3j_FO shows_VVZ the_AT operando_NN1 photographs_NN2 of_IO transparent_JJ vial_NN1 cells_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT pump_NN1 was_VBDZ modulated_VVN at_II 500_MC Hz_NNU by_II a_AT1 mechanical_JJ chopper_NN1 ,_, and_CC the_AT delay_NN1 between_II the_AT pump_NN1 and_CC probe_VV0 pulses_NN2 was_VBDZ controlled_VVN by_II a_AT1 mechanical_JJ stage_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Most_DAT of_IO these_DD2 methods_NN2 suffer_VV0 from_II limitations_NN2 such_II21 as_II22 the_AT necessity_NN1 to_TO prepare_VVI the_AT periodic_JJ multilayer_NN1 (_( for_IF XRR_NP1 )_) ,_, which_DDQ is_VBZ not_XX achievable_JJ for_IF most_DAT of_IO the_AT 2D_NNU zeolites_NN2 ,_, high_JJ electron_NN1 beam_NN1 sensitivity_NN1 of_IO 2D_NNU zeolites_NN2 in_II transmission_NN1 electron_NN1 microscopy_NN1 ,_, or_CC unavoidable_JJ imaging_NN1 artifacts_NN2 that_CST depend_VV0 on_II the_AT curvature_NN1 of_IO the_AT layers_NN2 (_( AFM_NP1 )_) ._. 
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<s>
After_CS activation_NN1 ,_, any_DD LM_NP1 residue_NN1 on_II the_AT surface_NN1 was_VBDZ cleaned_VVN using_VVG a_AT1 cotton_NN1 tip_NN1 applicator_NN1 with_IW isopropyl_NN1 alcohol_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT GMP_NP1 electrode_NN1 exhibits_VVZ the_AT longest_JJT charge–discharge_NN1 time_NNT1 (_( 1335_MC s_ZZ1 )_) and_CC a_AT1 specific_JJ capacitance_NN1 (_( Cs_NP2 )_) of_IO 635_MC F_ZZ1 g–1_JJ (_( corresponding_VVG to_II a_AT1 volumetric_JJ capacitance_NN1 of_IO 1143_MC F_ZZ1 cm–3_JJ )_) and_CC far_RG higher_JJR than_CSN those_DD2 of_IO MP_NN1 ,_, GMP_NP1 ,_, and_CC various_JJ MXene-based_JJ materials_NN2 shown_VVN in_II Table_NN1 S1_FO ._. 
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<s>
The_AT difference_NN1 in_II sensitivity_NN1 between_II ABS_JJ and_CC PS_NN1 for_IF surface_NN1 modification_NN1 using_VVG sodium_NN1 hypochlorite_NN1 may_VM be_VBI due_II21 to_II22 molecular_JJ structures_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Especially_RR in_II breast_NN1 cancer_NN1 ,_, these_DD2 stromal_JJ cells_NN2 can_VM compose_VVI up_RG21 to_RG22 80%_NNU of_IO the_AT tumor_NN1 mass_NN1 ._. 
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The_AT addition_NN1 of_IO larger_JJR contents_NN2 of_IO organosilane_NN1 modified_VVD CNCs_NP1 resulted_VVD in_II lower_JJR enhancements_NN2 ,_, probably_RR due_II21 to_II22 the_AT plasticization_NN1 effect_NN1 of_IO the_AT organosilane_JJ modifier_NN1 28_MC ._. 
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<s>
The_AT activated_JJ 3_MC successfully_RR catalyzed_VVD the_AT transformation_NN1 of_IO benzaldehyde_NN1 to_II benzoin_NN1 ,_, whereas_CS its_APPGE crystallinity_NN1 was_VBDZ retained_VVN after_II the_AT catalysis_NN1 (_( Table_NN1 1_MC1 ,_, entry_NN1 3_MC ,_, and_CC Figure_NN1 S2_FO )_) ._. 
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The_AT maps_NN2 in_II d_ZZ1 and_CC e_ZZ1 were_VBDR obtained_VVN by_II stress-optical_JJ analysis_NN1 of_IO the_AT polarized_JJ photoluminescence_NN1 intensity_NN1 maps_NN2 shown_VVN in_II c._ZZ1 f_ZZ1 ,_, Computationally_RR obtained_VVN app_NN1 map_NN1 with_IW the_AT Peclet_NN1 number_NN1 set_VVN to_II 5_MC ._. 
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After_II that_DD1 ,_, surface_NN1 organic_JJ impurities_NN2 on_II the_AT CFs_VVZ were_VBDR removed_VVN by_II immersed_JJ in_II acetone_NN1 solution_NN1 for_IF 30_MC min_NNU ._. 
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MCAO_NP1 surgery_NN1 with_IW laser_NN1 Doppler_NP1 flowmetry_NN1 (_( LDF_NP1 )_) monitoring_NN1 of_IO the_AT cerebral_JJ blood_NN1 flow_NN1 was_VBDZ conducted_VVN as_CSA previously_RR described_VVN &lsqb;_( 54_MC &rsqb;_) ._. 
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Afterward_RL ,_, all_DB the_AT samples_NN2 were_VBDR hot_JJ compression_NN1 molded_VVD into_II 1_MC1 and_CC 4_MC mm_NNU sheets_NN2 at_II 200_MC °C_NNU and_CC 10_MC MPa_NP1 for_IF 10_MC min_NNU ._. 
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Meanwhile_RR ,_, various_JJ core–shell_NN1 metalselenide_NN1 samples_NN2 with_IW double_JJ carbon_NN1 matrix_NN1 were_VBDR derived_VVN from_II the_AT corresponding_JJ Prussian_JJ blue_JJ analog_NN1 (_( PBAs_NP2 )_) as_II SIBs_NP2 anodes_NN2 ._. 
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The_AT mice_NN2 were_VBDR imaged_VVN at_II preset_JJ time_NNT1 after_II intravenous_JJ administration_NN1 ._. 
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Liver_NN1 ,_, lung_NN1 ,_, and_CC tumors_NN2 were_VBDR further_RRR sectioned_VVN by_II a_AT1 cryostat_NN1 (_( H/I_ZZ1 Hacker_NP1 Instruments_NN2 &;_NULL Industries_NN2 ,_, Winnsboro_NP1 ,_, SC_FO )_) to_TO quantify_VVI the_AT distribution_NN1 of_IO LPD_NP1 NPs_NP1 within_II these_DD2 tissues_NN2 ._. 
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Stretching_NN1 was_VBDZ done_VDN with_IW hydration_NN1 at_II 100_MC N_NNU and_CC a_AT1 deformation_NN1 speed_NN1 of_IO 6_MC mm/min_NNU until_II rupture_NN1 ._. 
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The_AT purity_NN1 of_IO the_AT converted_JJ modes_NN2 can_VM approach_VVI unity_NN1 ,_, and_CC high-purity_JJ mode_NN1 conversion_NN1 can_VM be_VBI maintained_VVN over_II a_AT1 broad_JJ wavelength_NN1 range_NN1 ._. 
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These_DD2 protons_NN2 resonated_VVD at_II 3_MC ppm_NNU in_II 3_MC ._. 
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<s>
While_CS the_AT average_JJ values_NN2 for_IF the_AT in-plane_NN1 electrical_JJ conductivity_NN1 of_IO the_AT z-pinned_JJ sandwich_NN1 composites_NN2 are_VBR higher_JJR than_CSN the_AT unpinned_JJ materials_NN2 ,_, the_AT error_NN1 bars_NN2 in_II Fig_NN1 5_MC indicate_VV0 that_CST the_AT differences_NN2 between_II the_AT materials_NN2 are_VBR not_XX statistically_RR significant_JJ ._. 
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The_AT solvent_NN1 molecules_NN2 slowly_RR diffuse_VV0 through_II the_AT growing_JJ layered_JJ composite_JJ structure_NN1 ,_, while_CS PEG_NP1 remains_VVZ interlocked_VVN ._. 
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<s>
Solid-state_JJ nuclear_JJ magnetic_JJ resonance_NN1 spectroscopy_NN1 (_( SSNMR_NP1 )_) can_VM provide_VVI various_JJ information_NN1 about_II molecular_JJ aggregation_NN1 structures_NN2 &lsqb;_( 16,17_MC &rsqb;_) ,_, chemical-bond_JJ connectivity_NN1 ,_, orientation_NN1 and_CC local_JJ dynamics_NN &lsqb;_( &lsqb;_( 18_MC &rsqb;_) ,_, &lsqb;_( 19_MC &rsqb;_) ,_, &lsqb;_( 20_MC &rsqb;_) &rsqb;_) ._. 
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Moreover_RR ,_, the_AT mitochondria_NN1 targeting_VVG ability_NN1 of_IO M-ChiP_NP1 was_VBDZ also_RR investigated_VVN by_II Bio-TEM_NP1 ._. 
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Fig_NN1 9_MC ,_, right_RR ,_, shows_VVZ the_AT wavelength_NN1 with_IW a_AT1 maximum_JJ transmittance_NN1 after_II evaluation_NN1 as_CSA shown_VVN in_II Fig_NN1 5_MC ._. 
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During_II these_DD2 reactions_NN2 ,_, the_AT focus_NN1 clearly_RR lies_VVZ on_II products_NN2 obtained_VVN from_II undesired_JJ and/or_CC abundant_JJ compounds_NN2 ._. 
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In_II Fig_NN1 7_MC the_AT resolved_JJ shear_VV0 stress_NN1 on_II the_AT trailing_JJ dislocation_NN1 is_VBZ zero_MC ._. 
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The_AT build_NN1 direction_NN1 is_VBZ indicated_VVN for_IF orientation_NN1 reference_NN1 ._. 
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The_AT LFs_NP1 are_VBR leaky_JJ as_II the_AT impinging_JJ illumination_NN1 is_VBZ not_XX efficiently_RR coupled_VVN into_II the_AT LFs_NP1 and_CC hence_RR the_AT absorption_NN1 in_II the_AT array_NN1 is_VBZ relatively_RR poor_JJ (_( evident_JJ in_II both_RR x_ZZ1 and_CC y_ZZ1 directions_NN2 )_) which_DDQ is_VBZ consistent_JJ with_IW Fig_NN1 3a_FO ._. 
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<s>
To_TO further_RRR explain_VVI tunable_JJ doping_NN1 process_NN1 observed_VVN in_II the_AT experiment_NN1 ,_, we_PPIS2 investigate_VV0 the_AT adsorption_NN1 of_IO involved_JJ adsorbates_NN2 (_( O_ZZ1 ,_, N_ZZ1 ,_, O2_FO ,_, O3_FO ,_, N2_FO ,_, NO_UH and_CC NO2_FO )_) ._. 
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We_PPIS2 observe_VV0 a_AT1 clear_JJ decrease_NN1 in_II subgap_NN1 absorption_NN1 at_II energy_NN1 less_RRR than_CSN 1_MC1 eV_NN1 as_II the_AT La_NP1 concentration_NN1 increases_VVZ from_II 0_MC to_II 0.15_MC ,_, and_CC finally_RR the_AT absorption_NN1 coefficient_NN1 becomes_VVZ zero_MC when_RRQ the_AT La_NP1 concentration_NN1 is_VBZ 0.3_MC ,_, the_AT same_DA as_CSA the_AT Fe_NP1 concentration_NN1 ._. 
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From_II Fig_NN1 6b-f_FO ,_, it_PPH1 can_VM be_VBI seen_VVN that_CST the_AT position_NN1 of_IO current_JJ density_NN1 distribution_NN1 was_VBDZ increasingly_RR away_II21 from_II22 the_AT lowest_JJT point_NN1 of_IO the_AT profile_NN1 ,_, decreasing_VVG the_AT current_JJ density_NN1 (_( jy_NN1 )_) of_IO the_AT lowest_JJT point_NN1 from_II 23_MC A·cm-2_FO to_II 0_MC A·cm-2_FO ._. 
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Compared_VVN with_IW the_AT fine_JJ CVD_NP1 diamond_NN1 grains_NN2 ,_, the_AT coarse_JJ CVD_NP1 diamond_NN1 grains_NN2 growing_VVG from_II 90_MC m_NNO and_CC 180_MC m_NNO seeds_NN2 present_VV0 blocky_JJ but_CCB less_RGR regular_JJ cube-octahedral_JJ shapes_NN2 with_IW defined_JJ crystal_NN1 edges_NN2 and_CC faces_NN2 ._. 
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By_II plotting_VVG the_AT ratio_NN1 of_IO the_AT peak_NN1 area_NN1 corresponding_VVG to_II low_JJ density_NN1 polyethylene_NN1 and_CC the_AT total_JJ area_NN1 (_( of_IO both_DB2 peaks_NN2 of_IO low_JJ and_CC high_JJ density_NN1 polythylenes_NN2 )_) as_II a_AT1 function_NN1 of_IO the_AT initial_JJ temperature_NN1 of_IO the_AT cooling_JJ program_NN1 ,_, as_CSA shown_VVN in_II Fig_NN1 11_MC ,_, it_PPH1 is_VBZ possible_JJ to_TO get_VVI a_AT1 clear_JJ image_NN1 of_IO the_AT behavior_NN1 of_IO crystallization_NN1 of_IO the_AT LDPE_NN1 and_CC HDPE_NP1 mixture_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT XRD_NP1 patterns_NN2 after_II KOH_NP1 (_( TA_UH )_) and_CC water_NN1 treatments_NN2 (_( TAW_NP1 )_) showed_VVD the_AT same_DA peaks_NN2 as_CSA the_AT untreated_JJ Ti_JJ plate_NN1 (_( Ti_NP1 )_) ._. 
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The_AT three_MC expected_JJ optical_JJ transitions_NN2 are_VBR observed_VVN in_II the_AT spectra_NN2 of_IO FMM_NP1 and_CC FMI_JJ films_NN2 ._. 
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This_DD1 could_VM be_VBI done_VDN by_II strain_NN1 ,_, alloying_VVG ,_, creating_VVG defects_NN2 ,_, or_CC nanostructuring_VVG (_( moving_VVG along_II the_AT horizontal_JJ axis_NN1 in_II Figure_NN1 3_MC and_CC modifying_VVG the_AT ECoN_NN1 as_CSA plotted_VVN in_II Figure_NN1 3d_NNU )_) ,_, and_CC this_DD1 directly_RR allows_VVZ to_TO tune_VVI the_AT propertiesincreasing_JJ thermoelectric_JJ efficiency_NN1 ,_, for_REX21 example_REX22 ._. 
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Subsequently_RR ,_, the_AT epoxy_JJ resin_NN1 mixed_VVN with_IW curing_VVG agent_NN1 was_VBDZ applied_VVN carefully_RR onto_II the_AT fiber_NN1 to_TO obtain_VVI microdroplets_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Our_APPGE study_NN1 of_IO voltage-induced_JJ DNA_NN1 packing_NN1 kinetics_NN1 into_II NZMWs_NP1 in_II detail_NN1 using_VVG fluorescently_RR stained_JJ DNA_NN1 molecules_NN2 reveals_VVZ loading_VVG rates_NN2 that_CST are_VBR DNA-length-independent_JJ in_II the_AT range_NN1 1.0–48.5_MCMC kb_NNU ,_, which_DDQ allows_VVZ sequencing_NN1 from_II broader_JJR library_NN1 length_NN1 distributions_NN2 without_IW accompanying_JJ loading_NN1 bias_NN1 ._. 
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The_AT minimum_JJ calculated_JJ concentration_NN1 of_IO the_AT present_JJ method_NN1 is_VBZ 67.2_MC pM_RA ._. 
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<s>
To_TO control_VVI the_AT droplet_NN1 size_NN1 ,_, membranes_NN2 with_IW various_JJ dpore_NN1 values_NN2 (_( 5.1_MC ,_, 2.1_MC ,_, 1.1_MC ,_, and_CC 0.5_MC m_NNU )_) were_VBDR employed_VVN ._. 
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The_AT BIN_NN1 itself_PPX1 is_VBZ straight_JJ and_CC the_AT tip_NN1 of_IO the_AT nail_NN1 is_VBZ not_XX curved_JJ (_( Fig_NN1 1_MC1 )_) ._. 
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Measurement_NN1 methods_NN2 were_VBDR similar_JJ to_II those_DD2 applied_VVN in_II the_AT study_NN1 ._. 
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AFM_NP1 was_VBDZ employed_VVN to_TO further_RRR explore_VVI the_AT thickness_NN1 and_CC area_NN1 distributions_NN2 of_IO the_AT DMF-_NN1 and_CC IPA-exfoliated_JJ B_ZZ1 sheets_NN2 as_CSA shown_VVN in_II Figure_NN1 3_MC ._. 
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<s>
Upon_II Pdoping_VVG in_II CoSe2_FO ,_, it_PPH1 demonstrated_VVD outstanding_JJ catalytic_JJ activity_NN1 and_CC stability_NN1 toward_II both_RR OER_JJR and_CC ORR_NP1 ,_, making_VVG them_PPHO2 a_AT1 promising_JJ bifunctional_JJ catalyst_NN1 candidate_NN1 for_IF rechargeable_JJ metal–air_NN1 batteries_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
These_DD2 results_NN2 show_VV0 different_JJ growth_NN1 kinetics_NN1 of_IO '_NULL in_II Fe-12Cr_NN1 from_II the_AT other_JJ higher-content_NN1 alloys_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
It_PPH1 has_VHZ four_MC objectives_NN2 ,_, which_DDQ are_VBR ,_, namely_REX ,_, design_NN1 of_IO greener_JJR electronics_NN1 ,_, the_AT federal_JJ government_NN1 implementing_VVG necessary_JJ changes_NN2 ,_, practising_VVG safe_JJ and_CC effective_JJ e-waste_NN1 management_NN1 in_II the_AT USA_NP1 ,_, and_CC reducing_VVG the_AT adverse_JJ effects_NN2 caused_VVN by_II exports_NN2 and_CC improving_VVG overall_RR handling_VVG in_II developing_JJ countries_NN2 (_( National_JJ Strategy_NN1 for_IF Electronics_NN1 Stewardship_NN1 (_( NSES_NP2 )_) ,_, 2011_MC )_) ._. 
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The_AT process_NN1 of_IO finding_VVG a_AT1 solution_NN1 is_VBZ thus_RR completed_VVN by_II applying_VVG a_AT1 stability_NN1 criterion_NN1 ,_, which_DDQ consists_VVZ of_IO calculating_VVG the_AT second_MD derivative_NN1 of_IO W._NP1 Changes_NN2 in_II moduli_NN2 of_IO the_AT individual_JJ laminae_NN2 will_VM also_RR affect_VVI the_AT macroscopic_JJ stress_NN1 distribution_NN1 in_II the_AT composite_JJ laminate_NN1 ._. 
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TEM_VV0 images_NN2 of_IO Ag@Au_FO core–shell_VV0 nanocubes_NN2 prepared_VVN by_II reacting_VVG Ag_FO nanocubes_VVZ with_IW titration_NN1 volumes_NN2 of_IO aqueous_JJ HAuCl4_FO at_II (_( A_ZZ1 )_) 1.0_MC ,_, (_( B_ZZ1 )_) 2.0_MC ,_, (_( C_ZZ1 )_) 3.0_MC ,_, and_CC (_( D_ZZ1 )_) 4.0_MC mL_NNU ._. 
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(_( E–H_NP1 )_) TEM_VV0 images_NN2 of_IO the_AT resultant_JJ structures_NN2 after_II etching_VVG the_AT samples_NN2 in_II (_( A–D_NP1 )_) with_IW 30%_NNU H2O2_FO ._. 
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<s>
Tomography_NN1 analysis_NN1 revealed_VVD the_AT three-dimensional_JJ morphologies_NN2 of_IO the_AT SFT_NP1 ,_, TPT_NP1 ,_, and_CC BPT_NP1 nanoparticles_NN2 to_TO be_VBI decahedron_NN1 ,_, rhomboid_JJ pyramid_NN1 (_( R-pyramid_NN1 )_) ,_, and_CC rhomboid_JJ bar_NN1 (_( R-bar_NN1 )_) ,_, respectively_RR (_( Figure_NN1 1e–l_NN1 )_) and_CC further_RRR confirmed_VVD the_AT symmetrical_JJ morphology_NN1 of_IO the_AT decahedron_NN1 (_( Figure_NN1 1i_FO ,_, &lsqb;_( 110_MC &rsqb;_) )_) and_CC asymmetrical_JJ structures_NN2 of_IO the_AT R-pyramid_NN1 and_CC R-bar_NN1 (_( Figure_NN1 1j_FO ,_, k_ZZ1 ,_, &lsqb;_( 110_MC &rsqb;_) )_) along_II (_( 110_MC )_) planes_NN2 ._. 
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This_DD1 technique_NN1 ,_, known_VVN as_II flashing_VVG if_CSW the_AT voltage_NN1 is_VBZ only_RR applied_VVN for_IF short_JJ amounts_NN2 of_IO time_NNT1 ,_, is_VBZ commonly_RR used_VVN as_CSA in_RR21 situ_RR22 cleaning_VVG technique_NN1 to_TO achieve_VVI an_AT1 uncontaminated_JJ surface_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT third_MD step_NN1 reaches_VVZ the_AT final_JJ equilibrium_NN1 stage_NN1 ,_, where_CS the_AT intra-particle_JJ diffusion_NN1 starts_VVZ to_TO slow_VVI down_RP due_II21 to_II22 the_AT extremely_RR low_JJ solute_NN1 concentration_NN1 in_II solution_NN1 ._. 
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Similar_JJ to_II the_AT light-controlled_NN1 Ca2+_FO dynamics_NN in_II biological_JJ synapses_NN2 ,_, light_NN1 can_VM tune_VVI VI·/VI×_JJ dynamics_NN in_II MAPbI3_FO memristors_NN2 by_II inhibiting_VVG VI·/VI×_JJ formation_NN1 under_II an_AT1 electrical_JJ bias_NN1 and_CC accelerating_JJ spontaneous_JJ VI·/VI×_JJ annihilation_NN1 ._. 
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Moreover_RR ,_, the_AT H_ZZ1 &E;_NULL staining_JJ assay_NN1 demonstrated_VVD low_JJ inflammation_NN1 in_II the_AT wound_NN1 areas_NN2 and_CC minimal_JJ organ_NN1 toxicity_NN1 toward_II heart_NN1 ,_, liver_NN1 ,_, spleen_NN1 ,_, lung_NN1 ,_, and_CC kidney_NN1 ,_, respectively_RR ._. 
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<s>
To_TO determine_VVI the_AT maximum_JJ strain_NN1 value_NN1 and_CC the_AT resistance_NN1 variation_NN1 ,_, we_PPIS2 measured_VVD resistance_NN1 variation_NN1 of_IO fiber_NN1 interconnection_NN1 by_II increasing_VVG the_AT strain_NN1 ._. 
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Then_RT ,_, during_II a_AT1 second_MD extrusion_NN1 step_NN1 (_( at_II 235_MC °C_NNU and_CC 40_MC rpm_NNU for_IF 5_MC min_NNU )_) ,_, PA6_FO ,_, which_DDQ had_VHD been_VBN previously_RR dried_VVN at_II 90_MC °C_NNU for_IF 6_MC h_ZZ1 ,_, was_VBDZ incorporated_VVN into_II the_AT HDPE/whiskers_FU blend_NN1 to_TO obtain_VVI the_AT desired_JJ formulation_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT highest_JJT amount_NN1 of_IO safranin_NN1 O_ZZ1 released_VVN was_VBDZ found_VVN at_II pH_NN1 3.0_MC (_( ca_VM ._. 
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After_II annealing_VVG was_VBDZ performed_VVN at_II high_JJ temperature_NN1 (_( 600_MC °C_NNU )_) ,_, Cu_FO atoms_NN2 completely_RR diffuse_VV0 into_II the_AT SmCo_NP1 layer_NN1 and_CC substitute_VV0 the_AT Co_NN1 sites_NN2 because_II21 of_II22 their_APPGE low_JJ diffusion_NN1 activation_NN1 energy_NN1 rather_CS21 than_CS22 orient_VVI the_AT c-axis_NN1 of_IO SmCo5_FO in_II the_AT direction_NN1 perpendicular_NN1 to_II the_AT film_NN1 surface_NN1 ._. 
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Fig_NN1 2_MC Schematic_JJ illustration_NN1 of_IO the_AT main_JJ experimental_JJ process_NN1 of_IO preparing_VVG electrospun_NN1 neat_JJ PBS_NP1 and_CC PBS/CNC_FU scaffolds_NN2 ._. 
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High_JJ GND_NP1 intensity_NN1 was_VBDZ noticed_VVN at_II high-angle_JJ grain_NN1 boundaries_NN2 ,_, and_CC especially_RR at_II triple_JJ grain_NN1 junctions_NN2 ._. 
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This_DD1 advantageous_JJ easy_JJ incorporation_NN1 of_IO the_AT caps_NN2 allowed_VVD minimizing_VVG any_DD intermediate_JJ functionalization_NN1 steps_NN2 ,_, often_RR required_VVN in_II other_JJ reported_JJ similar_JJ materials_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
This_DD1 (_( ideal_JJ )_) 26%_NNU void_JJ space_NN1 is_VBZ much_RR larger_JJR than_CSN that_DD1 needed_VVD to_TO accommodate_VVI the_AT numerous_JJ guests_NN2 reported_VVN in_II Table_NN1 1_MC1 ._. 
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Fig_NN1 3_MC :_: Photonic_JJ design_NN1 of_IO the_AT Starshot_NN1 lightsail_NN1 ._. 
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Compared_VVN to_II unsized_JJ CF_VV0 composite_JJ ,_, the_AT IFSS_NN1 for_IF sized_JJ CF_VV0 composite_NN1 saw_VVD a_AT1 dramatic_JJ rise_NN1 with_IW 77.01%_FO ._. 
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The_AT concern_NN1 of_IO many_DA2 research_NN1 centers_NN2 is_VBZ raised_VVN by_II the_AT issue_NN1 of_IO precise_JJ mechanisms_NN2 of_IO β_NULL -iPP_JJ formation_NN1 ,_, especially_RR in_II the_AT flow_NN1 condition_NN1 or_CC during_II shearing_VVG ._. 
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We_PPIS2 are_VBR grateful_JJ to_II the_AT Advanced_JJ Bioimaging_JJ Facility_NN1 at_II McGill_NP1 University_NN1 for_IF making_VVG the_AT Zeiss_NN1 800_MC confocal_JJ laser_NN1 scanning_VVG microscope_NN1 available_JJ to_II us_PPIO2 ._. 
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To_TO fabricate_VVI samples_NN2 with_IW thick_JJ fibers_NN2 ,_, the_AT 25%_NNU PCL_NP1 solution_NN1 was_VBDZ electrospun_NN1 using_VVG a_AT1 16-gauge_JJ needle_NN1 ,_, a_AT1 flow_NN1 rate_NN1 of_IO 8.0_MC ml·hr1_FO ,_, and_CC 8.0_MC kV_NNU of_IO power_NN1 at_II a_AT1 distance_NN1 of_IO 30.0cm_NNU ._. 
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<s>
To_TO address_VVI the_AT origin_NN1 of_IO H2_FO evolution_NN1 ,_, control_VV0 experiments_NN2 were_VBDR performed_VVN under_II an_AT1 inert_JJ Ar_UH atmosphere_NN1 (_( Fig_NN1 4_MC ,_, black_JJ line_NN1 )_) showing_VVG that_CST :_: (_( i_ZZ1 )_) in_II the_AT absence_NN1 of_IO CO2_FO ,_, the_AT current_JJ density_NN1 remains_VVZ low_JJ (_( jtot_VV0 0.50_MC mA_NN1 cm-2_MC )_) with_IW no_AT H2_FO evolution_NN1 ;_; (_( ii_MC )_) formic_JJ acid_NN1 addition_NN1 (_( 0.23_MC M_NNU )_) produces_VVZ a_AT1 sharp_JJ recovery_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 negative_JJ current_JJ density_NN1 with_IW the_AT simultaneous_JJ production_NN1 of_IO CO2_FO and_CC H2_FO (_( Fig_NN1 5a_FO )_) ;_; (_( iii_MC )_) a_AT1 similar_JJ behaviour_NN1 is_VBZ also_RR observed_VVN in_II the_AT absence_NN1 of_IO PBS_NP1 buffer_NN1 ,_, when_CS NaClO4_FO is_VBZ used_VVN as_II the_AT supporting_JJ electrolyte_NN1 (_( pH_NN1 after_CS CO2_FO saturation_NN1 =4_FO ,_, see_VV0 Fig_NN1 4_MC ,_, red_JJ line_NN1 )_) ._. 
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<s>
PAMAM_NP1 3.0_MC ,_, penetratin_NN1 (_( analysis_NN1 report_NN1 in_II Supplementary_JJ Fig_NN1 11–13_MCMC )_) ,_, DSPE-PEG2000_JJ and_CC DNA_NN1 were_VBDR separately_RR dissolved_VVN in_II 5%_NNU dextrose_NN1 solution_NN1 respectively_RR ._. 
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<s>
The_AT twinning_NN1 in_II the_AT reload_NN1 was_VBDZ dominated_VVN by_II the_AT nucleation_NN1 of_IO new_JJ twins_NN2 rather_II21 than_II22 the_AT growth_NN1 of_IO existing_JJ ones_NN2 ._. 
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Among_II the_AT FMy_JJ perovskite_NN1 films_NN2 ,_, FM2_FO perovskite_NN1 indicates_VVZ the_AT highest_JJT lifetime_NNT1 ._. 
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Comparison_NN1 study_NN1 of_IO normalized_JJ natural_JJ frequency_NN1 of_IO the_AT FGM_NP1 sandwich_NN1 plate_NN1 ._. 
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These_DD2 performances_NN2 on_II the_AT surface_NN1 of_IO the_AT composites_NN2 mean_VV0 that_CST the_AT thermooxidative_JJ degradation_NN1 and_CC molecular_JJ chain_NN1 breaking_VVG start_NN1 from_II surface_NN1 to_II inner_JJ structure_NN1 ,_, which_DDQ leads_VVZ to_II a_AT1 decrease_NN1 in_II global_JJ mechanical_JJ properties_NN2 ._. 
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Figure_NN1 S27_FO (_( Supporting_JJ Information_NN1 )_) clearly_RR represents_VVZ the_AT good_JJ OER/ORR_NN1 bifunctional_JJ activities_NN2 of_IO CoSe2-xPt_NN1 in_II 0.1_MC m_NNO KOH_NN1 ,_, with_IW a_AT1 small_JJ potential_JJ difference_NN1 of_IO 0.73_MC V_NNU between_II the_AT OER_JJR potential_NN1 for_IF 10.0_MC mA_NN1 cm-2_MC and_CC ORR_NP1 halfwave_NN1 potential_NN1 ._. 
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Figure_VV0 1_MC1 :_: a_ZZ1 )_) Structure_NN1 diagram_NN1 of_IO the_AT device_NN1 ._. 
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The_AT tendency_NN1 towards_II elongated_JJ defects_NN2 in_II N/air_FU samples_NN2 oriented_VVD in_II buildup_NN1 direction_NN1 can_VM also_RR be_VBI confirmed_VVN in_II the_AT center_NN1 row_NN1 of_IO Fig_NN1 13_MC showing_VVG samples_NN2 built_VVN with_IW Evol_NP1 =_FO 120_MC J/mm3_FU ._. 
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<s>
Ni-Co_JJ carbonate_NN1 hydroxide_NN1 with_IW graphene_NN1 oxide_NN1 composite_NN1 yielded_VVD a_AT1 very_RG high_JJ specific_JJ capacitance_NN1 to_II 1656Fg-1_MC1 @1Ag-1_FO current_JJ density_NN1 ._. 
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Thus_RR ,_, the_AT nanoparticles_NN2 which_DDQ can_VM arrest_VVI cancer_NN1 cells_NN2 at_II G2/M_NN1 phase_NN1 will_VM enhance_VVI radiation_NN1 sensitivity_NN1 of_IO the_AT cells_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
To_TO establish_VVI the_AT PcS_NN2 loading_VVG conditions_NN2 into_II MSCs_NN2 ,_, we_PPIS2 assessed_VVD fluorescence_NN1 intensity_NN1 according_II21 to_II22 concentration_NN1 and_CC time_NNT1 point_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT differences_NN2 in_II the_AT distributions_NN2 as_CSA suggested_VVN by_II the_AT Kr_NP1 spectral_JJ images_NN2 and_CC line_NN1 scans_NN2 arise_VV0 from_II the_AT formation_NN1 of_IO the_AT bubbles_NN2 in_II the_AT GTO_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
We_PPIS2 first_MD analyze_VV0 the_AT growth_NN1 of_IO the_AT γ_NULL '_NULL core_NN1 in_II the_AT coprecipitates_NN2 ._. 
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Fig_NN1 1_MC1 Microstructure_NN1 of_IO (_( a_ZZ1 )_) core-shell_JJ structured_JJ Ti-N_NN1 alloy_NN1 and_CC (_( b_ZZ1 )_) pure_JJ Ti_NN1 ._. 
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The_AT forming_VVG peak_NN1 height_NN1 refers_VVZ to_II the_AT maximum_NN1 forming_VVG height_NN1 of_IO sheet_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Figure_VV0 3g_NNU ,_, h_ZZ1 shows_VVZ the_AT optical_JJ images_NN2 of_IO the_AT same_DA area_NN1 before_II and_CC after_II sulfurization_NN1 ,_, respectively_RR ._. 
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The_AT DA_NN1 sample_NN1 shows_VVZ the_AT lowest_JJT room_NN1 temperature_NN1 tensile_JJ strength_NN1 (_( b_ZZ1 =_FO 1269_MC ±_FO 14.3_MC MPa_NP1 )_) and_CC elongation_NN1 (_( ε_FO =_FO 15.4_MC ±_FO 0.2%_FO )_) among_II the_AT three_MC kinds_NN2 of_IO samples_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
This_DD1 finding_NN1 represents_VVZ a_AT1 step_NN1 forward_RL in_II understanding_NN1 and_CC exploiting_VVG magnetoelectric_JJ effects_NN2 in_II organic_JJ molecular_JJ radical_JJ hydrocarbons_NN2 ._. 
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The_AT fourth_MD model_NN1 included_VVD bilayer_NN1 graphene_NN1 (_( BLG_NP1 )_) between_II two_MC GO_VV0 sheets_NN2 (_( GO/BLG/GO_VV0 )_) ._. 
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<s>
PbI2_FO films_NN2 were_VBDR deposited_VVN at_II 75_MC °C_NNU with_IW 2000_MC cycles_NN2 ._. 
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This_DD1 result_NN1 highlights_VVZ the_AT capping_NN1 efficiency_NN1 of_IO the_AT nanocrystals_NN2 linked_VVN on_II the_AT outside_JJ pores_NN2 ,_, blocking_VVG the_AT release_NN1 of_IO the_AT cargo_NN1 and_CC minimizing_VVG unspecific_JJ release_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Finally_RR ,_, Falenty_NP1 et_NP1 al.28_FO studied_JJ exchange_NN1 in_II CH4_FO hydrate_JJ particles_NN2 of_IO size_NN1 (_( 200_MC to_II 300_MC )_) m_ZZ1 ._. 
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<s>
In_II future_NN1 ,_, actual_JJ thin_JJ waste_NN1 cables_NN2 such_II21 as_II22 wire_NN1 harnesses_NN2 derived_VVN from_II waste_NN1 cars_NN2 and_CC electrical_JJ and_CC electronic_JJ equipment_NN1 will_VM be_VBI investigated_VVN to_TO reveal_VVI the_AT application_NN1 potential_NN1 of_IO the_AT proposed_JJ method_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
This_DD1 demonstrated_VVD that_CST the_AT %_NNU of_IO cells_NN2 undergoing_VVG lipid_JJ peroxidation_NN1 (_( green_JJ fluorescence_NN1 )_) amounted_VVD to_II 55_MC and_CC 69%_NNU in_II animals_NN2 exposed_VVD to_TO GO_VVI and_CC hGO-2_MC ,_, respectively_RR (_( Figure_NN1 5C_FO )_) ._. 
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<s>
Above_II 700_MC °C_NNU the_AT registry_NN1 between_II WSe2_FO and_CC sapphire_NN1 was_VBDZ significantly_RR improved_VVN ,_, confirmed_VVN by_II the_AT SAED_JJ patterns_NN2 in_II inset_NN1 of_IO (_( f_ZZ1 ,_, g_ZZ1 )_) and_CC the_AT low-magnitude_JJ STEM_NN1 view_NN1 of_IO WSe2_FO films_NN2 suspended_VVN on_II a_AT1 2_MC m_NNO hole_NN1 in_II inset_NN1 of_IO (_( e_ZZ1 )_) ._. 
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Neglecting_VVG this_DD1 coupling_NN1 effect_NN1 deteriorates_VVZ the_AT prediction_NN1 accuracy_NN1 of_IO simulations_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT charge_NN1 and_CC discharge_VV0 measurements_NN2 were_VBDR conducted_VVN on_II a_AT1 NEWWARE_NN1 battery_NN1 test_NN1 system_NN1 (_( Shenzhen_NP1 ,_, China_NP1 )_) under_II different_JJ current_JJ densities_NN2 within_II the_AT potential_JJ window_NN1 of_IO 2.0–4.0_MCMC V._NNU Electrochemical_JJ impedance_NN1 spectroscopy_NN1 (_( EIS_NP1 )_) was_VBDZ carried_VVN out_RP on_II CHI600D_FO electrochemical_JJ workstation_NN1 within_II a_AT1 frequency_NN1 range_NN1 of_IO 100_MC kHz_NNU to_II 0.01_MC Hz_NNU ._. 
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Transmission_NN1 electron_NN1 microscopy_NN1 (_( TEM_NP1 )_) was_VBDZ used_VVN to_TO study_VVI microstructural_JJ properties_NN2 of_IO the_AT Ge_NP1 NWs_NP1 ._. 
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<s>
In_II fact_NN1 ,_, the_AT novel_JJ LIBs_NN2 with_IW merits_NN2 of_IO safety_NN1 ,_, high_JJ energy_NN1 density_NN1 ,_, stable_JJ cyclability_NN1 ,_, and_CC high_JJ reversible_JJ capacity_NN1 at_II high_JJ current_JJ density_NN1 can_VM be_VBI achieved_VVN by_II the_AT development_NN1 of_IO novel_JJ nanocomposites_NN2 as_CSA anode_NN1 materials_NN2 ._. 
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Chemotherapy_NN1 is_VBZ a_AT1 long-term_JJ and_CC homogeneous_JJ therapy_NN1 but_CCB suffers_VVZ low_JJ antitumor_NN1 efficiency_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT height_NN1 (_( nm_FU )_) ,_, adhesion_NN1 force_NN1 (_( nN_NNU )_) or_CC modulus_NN1 (_( MPa_NP1 )_) (_( the_AT vertical_JJ line_NN1 )_) versus_II position_NN1 (_( width_NN1 )_) (_( nm_FU )_) curves_NN2 (_( the_AT horizontal_JJ line_NN1 )_) can_VM be_VBI obtained_VVN ._. 
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TOF-EI_NN2 calcd_VV0 for_IF &lsqb;_( C33H30N2O7_FO &rsqb;_) m/z_ZZ1 566.2053_MC (_( M_ZZ1 )_) ,_, found_VVD 566.2067_MC ._. 
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<s>
Using_VVG the_AT 5_MC K_ZZ1 &lsqb;_( 001_MC &rsqb;_) simulations_NN2 described_VVN in_II the_AT last_MD section_NN1 ,_, having_VHG the_AT repulsive_JJ intersection_NN1 cross_NN1 slip_NN1 turned_VVD off_RP ,_, the_AT dislocation_NN1 line_NN1 length_NN1 increase_NN1 due_II21 to_II22 junction_NN1 formation_NN1 in_II the_AT current_JJ simulations_NN2 can_VM be_VBI determined_VVN by_II plotting_VVG total_JJ dislocation_NN1 density_NN1 –_- junction_NN1 density_NN1 vs_II shear_VV0 strain_NN1 ._. 
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The_AT heat_NN1 transfer_NN1 calculations_NN2 assumed_VVD that_CST the_AT thermal_JJ conductivity_NN1 of_IO the_AT membrane_NN1 did_VDD not_XX change_VVI and_CC had_VHD a_AT1 value_NN1 of_IO 0.03_MC W_ZZ1 m-1_FO K-1_FO ,_, vapour_NN1 permeability_NN1 of_IO 0.3_MC LMH_NP1 K-1_FO ,_, and_CC thickness_NN1 of_IO 150_MC m_NNO ._. 
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It_PPH1 was_VBDZ further_RRR observed_VVN during_II experiments_NN2 that_CST the_AT distillate_NN1 channel_NN1 temperature_NN1 did_VDD not_XX significantly_RR change_VVI and_CC thus_RR a_AT1 constant_JJ temperature_NN1 of_IO 293.15_MC K_NP1 was_VBDZ used_VVN ._. 
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A_AT1 basal_JJ dislocation_NN1 was_VBDZ preconstructed_VVN in_II the_AT parent_NN1 ._. 
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The_AT DP_NP1 was_VBDZ calculated_VVN according_II21 to_II22 Eq_NN1 ._. 
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(_( 2_MC )_) :_: FORMULA_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT SSF_NP1 was_VBDZ removed_VVN and_CC the_AT LuCI_JJ paste_NN1 washed_VVD three_MC times_NNT2 with_IW HBSS_NP1 ._. 
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<s>
In_RR21 general_RR22 ,_, upcycling_VVG is_VBZ a_AT1 valuable_JJ waste_NN1 solution_NN1 in_II which_DDQ new_JJ applications_NN2 are_VBR targeted_VVN for_IF specific_JJ waste_NN1 streams_NN2 by_II improving_VVG their_APPGE properties_NN2 (_( Delva_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2015_MC ,_, Hubo_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2016_MC ,_, Ragaert_NP1 ,_, 2016_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
In_II the_AT low_JJ temperature_NN1 range_NN1 ,_, the_AT SS_NP1 mass_JJ loss_NN1 varied_VVN between_II 45.45_MC and_CC 51.76%_FO with_IW the_AT additives_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
It_PPH1 has_VHZ been_VBN confirmed_VVN that_CST the_AT position_NN1 of_IO the_AT substituted_JJ atoms_NN2 in_II the_AT solid_JJ solution_NN1 model_NN1 do_VD0 not_XX significantly_RR affect_VVI the_AT simulated_JJ results_NN2 on_II orientation-dependent_JJ surface_NN1 energy_NN1 &lsqb;_( 27_MC &rsqb;_) ._. 
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The_AT fitting_NN1 of_IO the_AT developed_JJ circuit_NN1 was_VBDZ accomplished_VVN using_VVG nonlinear_JJ least_RGT square_JJ regression_NN1 (_( for_IF details_NN2 see_VV0 Supplementary_JJ Section_NN1 1_MC1 )_) ._. 
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We_PPIS2 suggest_VV0 that_CST antibacterial_JJ SNCC_NP1 is_VBZ a_AT1 promising_JJ candidate_NN1 for_IF the_AT development_NN1 of_IO antibacterial_JJ wound_NN1 dressings_NN2 ._. 
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Due_II21 to_II22 the_AT mentioned_VVN reasons_NN2 the_AT origin_NN1 of_IO the_AT generated_JJ power_NN1 is_VBZ electrostatic_JJ induction_NN1 driven_VVN by_II piezoelectric_JJ charges_NN2 produced_VVN under_II applied_JJ pressure_NN1 when_CS contacting_VVG and_CC separating_JJ ._. 
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The_AT simulated_JJ demagnetization_NN1 curves_NN2 of_IO the_AT alloyed_JJ magnet_NN1 with_IW various_JJ domain_NN1 wall_NN1 energy_NN1 gradients_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Therefore_RR ,_, a_AT1 plastic_NN1 strain_NN1 gradient_NN1 between_II the_AT soft_JJ cores_NN2 and_CC the_AT hard_JJ shells_NN2 are_VBR formed_VVN ,_, leading_VVG to_II synergetic_JJ strengthening_NN1 &lsqb;_( 23_MC &rsqb;_) ._. 
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<s>
Here_RL ,_, we_PPIS2 reported_VVD that_DD1 CD_NN1 were_VBDR able_JK to_TO modulate_VVI collagen_NN1 fibrogenesis_NN1 and_CC arrangement_NN1 ,_, and_CC created_VVD a_AT1 highly_RR transparent_JJ and_CC mechanically_RR robust_JJ collagen_NN1 vitrigel_NN1 implant_NN1 with_IW a_AT1 unique_JJ ultrastructure_NN1 that_CST mimics_VVZ native_JJ corneas_NN2 ._. 
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Composite_JJ morphology_NN1 depends_VVZ on_II HDPE/PA6_NP1 ratio_NN1 ,_, whisker_NN1 amount_NN1 and_CC blending_VVG strategy_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT in_RR21 situ_RR22 formation_NN1 of_IO Gtn-l-Odex_NP1 hydrogel_NN1 is_VBZ achieved_VVN by_II homogeneously_RR mixing_VVG Gtn_NP1 and_CC Odex_VV0 endothelial_JJ growth_NN1 media_NN ,_, EGM-2_MC ,_, under_II physiological_JJ conditions_NN2 with_IW a_AT1 fixed_JJ Gtn_NP1 concentration_NN1 (_( Cg_NP1 =_FO 6.0_MC wt%_FO )_) ._. 
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<s>
Compared_VVN with_IW traditional_JJ SMPs_NP2 with_IW planar_JJ or_CC tubular_JJ structures_NN2 ,_, 3D_NNU printing_NN1 technology_NN1 provides_VVZ an_AT1 opportunity_NN1 to_TO fabricate_VVI sophisticated_JJ 3D_NNU shapes_NN2 at_II the_AT macrolevel_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT drug_NN1 loading_NN1 process_NN1 can_VM be_VBI performed_VVN by_II direct_JJ loading_NN1 of_IO native_JJ drugs_NN2 or_CC nanoparticles_NN2 ,_, chemical_JJ conjugation_NN1 of_IO prodrugs_NN2 ,_, genetic_JJ engineering_NN1 with_IW antitumor_NN1 effects_NN2 ,_, or_CC even_RR their_APPGE rational_JJ combination_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Even_CS21 though_CS22 Pd-based_JJ membranes_NN2 have_VH0 found_VVN practical_JJ applications_NN2 ,_, they_PPHS2 suffer_VV0 from_II high-cost_NN1 which_DDQ restricts_VVZ their_APPGE widespread_JJ use_NN1 in_II industrial_JJ applications_NN2 &lsqb;_( 16_MC &rsqb;_) ._. 
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<s>
The_AT free_JJ energy_NN1 barrier_NN1 of_IO the_AT OOH_UH desorption_NN1 step_NN1 for_IF CoSe22v_FO is_VBZ still_RR up_RG21 to_RG22 1.69_MC eV_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
To_TO further_RRR evaluate_VVI the_AT application_NN1 of_IO SMLPO:Eu2+_FO as_CSA white_JJ LEDs_NN2 phosphor_NN1 ,_, the_AT position_NN1 of_IO the_AT SMLPO_NP1 :_: 0.06Eu2+_FO phosphor_NN1 excited_VVN at_II 355_MC nm_FU at_II the_AT Commission_NN1 Internationale_NP1 de_NP1 I_PPIS1 '_NULL éclairage_VV0 (_( CIE_NNA )_) chromaticity_NN1 diagram_NN1 was_VBDZ calculated_VVN and_CC a_AT1 digital_JJ photograph_NN1 under_RG 365_MC nm_FU UV_JJ lamps_NN2 is_VBZ given_VVN (_( Figure_NN1 4a_FO )_) ._. 
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Furthermore_RR ,_, the_AT latter_DA could_VM also_RR explain_VVI the_AT variations_NN2 across_II the_AT thickness_NN1 of_IO the_AT film_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
According_II21 to_II22 Xingkai_NP1 and_CC Yuezhen_NP1 (_( 2010_MC )_) ,_, the_AT crystallization_NN1 of_IO Bi2Te2.7Se0.3_FO thin_JJ film_NN1 was_VBDZ greatly_RR improved_VVN with_IW the_AT increase_NN1 of_IO annealing_VVG temperature_NN1 from_II 373_MC to_II 573_MC K._NP1 Due_II21 to_II22 the_AT limitation_NN1 of_IO dynamometer_JJR Kistler_NN1 9123C_FO (_( natural_JJ frequency_NN1 =_FO 2_MC kHz_NNU )_) ,_, the_AT exact_JJ instant_JJ variation_NN1 of_IO the_AT cutting_NN1 force_NN1 in_II a_AT1 high_JJ frequency_NN1 cycle_NN1 (_( 23.36_MC kHz_NNU )_) was_VBDZ not_XX measurable_JJ ._. 
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This_DD1 issue_NN1 was_VBDZ resolved_VVN by_II running_VVG a_AT1 small_JJ number_NN1 of_IO "_" bedding_NN1 in_II "_" cycles_NN2 at_II the_AT start_NN1 of_IO each_DD1 simulation_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
As_CSA marked_VVN with_IW white_JJ arrows_NN2 ,_, strip_NN1 structures_NN2 are_VBR formed_VVN along_II the_AT serrated_JJ B2_FO grain_NN1 boundaries_NN2 in_II both_DB2 Fig_NN1 4(a)_FO and_CC (_( b_ZZ1 )_) while_CS the_AT strips_NN2 in_II Fig_NN1 4(a)_FO have_VH0 higher_JJR width_NN1 than_CSN that_DD1 in_II Fig_NN1 4(b)_FO ._. 
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<s>
The_AT binary_JJ reagent_JJ system_NN1 enables_VVZ rapid_JJ recognition_NN1 of_IO target_NN1 molecule_NN1 ,_, including_II proteins_NN2 and_CC EVs_NN2 ,_, by_II the_AT polymer–antibody_NN1 conjugate_NN1 in_II the_AT soluble_JJ ,_, hydrophilic_JJ state_NN1 and_CC rapid_JJ magnetic_JJ separation_NN1 of_IO the_AT captured_VVN molecules_NN2 after_II co-aggregation_NN1 of_IO the_AT conjugates_NN2 with_IW mNPs_NNU ._. 
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Labelled_JJ hPS_NNU2 cells_NN2 were_VBDR mixed_VVN with_IW unlabelled_JJ cells_NN2 at_II a_AT1 ratio_NN1 of_IO 1:7_MC before_II the_AT cell_NN1 mixture_NN1 was_VBDZ seeded_VVN onto_II coverslips_NN2 containing_VVG micropatterned_JJ circular_JJ adhesive_JJ islands_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
To_TO ensure_VVI meaningful_JJ statistics_NN ,_, we_PPIS2 only_RR consider_VV0 side_NN1 group_NN1 clusters_NN2 comprising_VVG at_RR21 least_RR22 10_MC different_JJ molecules_NN2 ,_, with_IW the_AT notable_JJ exception_NN1 of_IO the_AT Se–CH3_JJ side_NN1 group_NN1 ._. 
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Hybrid_JJ LBL_NP1 films_NN2 mimicking_VVG the_AT structure_NN1 of_IO epidermis_NN1 ._. 
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Vitronectin-coated_JJ PDMS_NP1 stamps_NN2 were_VBDR then_RT placed_VVN in_II conformal_JJ contact_NN1 with_IW ultraviolet_JJ ozone-treated_NN1 PDMS_NP1 on_II coverslips_NN2 (_( ozone_NN1 cleaner_NN1 ;_; Jelight_NP1 )_) ._. 
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<s>
SnSe_NN1 of_IO SnSe/NC_NP1 exhibits_VVZ an_AT1 extremely_RR low_JJ interlayer_NN1 Na+_FO diffusion_NN1 barrier_NN1 of_IO 0.1_MC eV_NN1 from_II the_AT result_NN1 of_IO DFT_NP1 calculation_NN1 ,_, which_DDQ is_VBZ much_RR smaller_JJR than_CSN those_DD2 of_IO MoS2&lsqb;10&rsqb;_FO ,_, SnO2&lsqb;11&rsqb;_FO ,_, Sb2S3&lsqb;12&rsqb;_FO ,_, and_CC black_JJ P_ZZ1 &lsqb;_( 13_MC &rsqb;_) ,_, and_CC even_RR lower_JJR than_CSN Li+_FO diffusion_NN1 barrier_NN1 in_II bilayer_NN1 MoS2&lsqb;31&rsqb;_FO ,_, Li3VO4&lsqb;32&rsqb;_FO ,_, ReS2&lsqb;33&rsqb;_FO ,_, and_CC graphite_NN1 &lsqb;_( 34_MC &rsqb;_) ._. 
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<s>
Meanwhile_RR ,_, the_AT heat_NN1 improved_JJ tumor_NN1 oxygen_NN1 and_CC thus_RR the_AT RT_NN1 treatment_NN1 effect_NN1 was_VBDZ enhanced_VVN ._. 
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<s>
However_RR ,_, using_VVG image_NN1 analysis_NN1 ,_, the_AT porosity_NN1 ranking_NN1 was_VBDZ similar_JJ to_II the_AT water_NN1 intrusion_NN1 method_NN1 where_CS the_AT layered_JJ TBC_NP1 showed_VVD lower_JJR porosity_NN1 than_CSN the_AT composite_JJ TBC_NP1 ._. 
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<s>
Thus_RR ,_, bioinspired_VVD silicification_NN1 offers_VVZ a_AT1 mild_JJ technique_NN1 that_CST preserves_VVZ soft-matter_JJ nanoparticles_NN2 for_IF imaging_NN1 ,_, revealing_VVG structural_JJ details_NN2 =10_FO nm_FU in_II size_NN1 ,_, while_CS also_RR maintaining_VVG desirable_JJ properties_NN2 ,_, such_II21 as_II22 permeability_NN1 to_II small_JJ molecules_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Fig_NN1 4_MC Influence_NN1 of_IO the_AT interfacial_JJ dislocation_NN1 spacings_NN2 p1_FO and_CC p2_FO on_II the_AT relaxed_JJ phase_NN1 stresses_NN2 (_( a_ZZ1 )_) x_ZZ1 and_CC (_( b_ZZ1 )_) y_ZZ1 of_IO ferrite_NN1 and_CC cementite_NN1 phases_NN2 in_II nanolayered-composite_JJ models_NN2 under_II no_AT applied_JJ stress_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Theoretical_JJ modeling_NN1 23_MC ,_, 24_MC of_IO the_AT experimentally_RR measured_VVD CM_NNU spectrum_NN1 reveals_VVZ that_CST polarons_NN2 in_II P3EHT_FO are_VBR localized_VVN on_II a_AT1 single_JJ chain_NN1 and_CC are_VBR thus_RR 1D_NNU (_( Figure_NN1 2b_FO )_) ._. 
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<s>
Failure_NN1 mode_NN1 of_IO allaramid_JJ composites_NN2 prepared_VVN in_II :_: (_( a_ZZ1 )_) vp:vs_FO =_FO 1:1_MC solvent_NN1 and_CC (_( b_ZZ1 )_) vp:vs_FO =_FO 1:2_MC solvent_NN1 and_CC different_JJ immersion_NN1 times_NNT2 :_: 5_MC ;_; 30_MC ;_; 60_MC ;_; and_CC 90_MC min_NNU ._. 
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<s>
The_AT higher_JJR Z_ZZ1 contrast_NN1 indicates_VVZ possible_JJ La_FU excess_NN1 around_II NiO_NP1 nanopillars_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Increased_JJ expression_NN1 of_IO SMA_NP1 and_CC a_AT1 parallel_JJ patterned_JJ ECM_NP1 indicated_VVD that_CST the_AT CAFs_NP2 on_II fibrous_JJ PCL_NP1 matrices_NN2 exhibited_VVD an_AT1 activated_JJ phenotype_NN1 ,_, mimicking_VVG activated_JJ fibroblasts_NN2 in_RR21 vivo_RR22 ._. 
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<s>
In_RR21 brief_RR22 ,_, typified_VVN with_IW exceptional_JJ identification_NN1 to_II certain_JJ molecules_NN2 or_CC receptors_NN2 ,_, aptamers_NN2 with_IW good_JJ biocompatibility_NN1 are_VBR competent_JJ to_TO integrate_VVI targeting_VVG ability_NN1 and_CC stimuli-responsive_JJ property_NN1 into_II a_AT1 well-appointed_JJ platform_NN1 that_CST ensures_VVZ the_AT maximized_JJ drug_NN1 efficiency_NN1 ._. 
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The_AT parameter_NN1 represents_VVZ the_AT angle_NN1 between_II the_AT cracking_JJ plane_NN1 and_CC the_AT applied_JJ load_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Biodegradation_NN1 test_NN1 method_NN1 used_VVD was_VBDZ modified_VVN from_II ISO_NP1 17556:2012_MC ._. 
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The_AT experiment_NN1 was_VBDZ established_VVN in_II October_NPM1 2012_MC ._. 
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<s>
In_RR21 particular_RR22 ,_, as_CSA spin_NN1 instabilities_NN2 have_VH0 been_VBN reported_VVN only_RR close_RR to_II the_AT Mott-insulating_JJ state_NN1 ,_, they_PPHS2 are_VBR unlikely_JJ the_AT cause_NN1 of_IO CO_NP1 in_II the_AT overdoped_JJ regime_NN1 ,_, where_CS the_AT vHs_NNU seems_VVZ more_RGR relevant_JJ 19,20,21,22_MC ._. 
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<s>
Gillet_NP1 et_RA21 al_RA22 showed_VVD the_AT potential_NN1 of_IO negatively_RR charged_VVN liposomes_NN2 to_TO enhance_VVI the_AT skin_NN1 penetration_NN1 of_IO betamethasone_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT details_NN2 of_IO the_AT die_NN1 construction_NN1 are_VBR provided_VVN by_II Le_NP1 et_RA21 al_RA22 (_( 2014_MC )_) where_RRQ a_AT1 similar_JJ die_NN1 was_VBDZ employed_VVN for_IF the_AT experimental_JJ work_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT observed_JJ increase_NN1 in_II electrical_JJ conductivity_NN1 is_VBZ also_RR consistent_JJ with_IW the_AT Hall_NN1 effect_NN1 and_CC magnetotransport_VV0 measurements_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
It_PPH1 should_VM be_VBI noted_VVN that_CST cationordered_VVD films_NN2 are_VBR only_RR obtained_VVN in_II stoichiometric_JJ and_CC Ferich_NP1 films_NN2 (_( x_ZZ1 =_FO 0_MC )_) while_CS Rerich_NP1 films_NN2 (_( x_ZZ1 =_FO 0_MC )_) preferred_VVD to_TO be_VBI disordered_VVN ._. 
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<s>
Another_DD1 indication_NN1 of_IO the_AT adhesion_NN1 properties_NN2 of_IO a_AT1 layered_JJ structure_NN1 is_VBZ the_AT ultimate_JJ shear_VV0 stress_NN1 (_( USS_NP1 )_) ,_, which_DDQ implies_VVZ the_AT ability_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 sample_NN1 to_TO be_VBI able_JK to_TO resist_VVI against_II failure_NN1 in_II shear_VV0 ._. 
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<s>
Fig_NN1 14_MC Typical_JJ evolution_NN1 at_II elevated_JJ temperature_NN1 (_( TCMC_NP1 =_FO 329_MC °C_NNU )_) of_IO stress-strain_JJ hysteresis_NN1 response_NN1 with_IW fatigue_NN1 cycles_NN2 of_IO the_AT MS2_FO (_( 2D-PMC/3D-CMC_NP1 )_) with_IW (_( a_ZZ1 )_) 0/90_MF fiber_NN1 orientation_NN1 and_CC (_( b_ZZ1 )_) ±45_FO fiber_NN1 orientation_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Comparison_NN1 between_II Figure_NN1 S11a_FO and_CC 11b_FO clearly_RR demonstrates_VVZ the_AT successful_JJ etching_NN1 of_IO the_AT silver_NN1 shell_NN1 ,_, leading_VVG to_II the_AT conversion_NN1 of_IO 1st_MD Gen_NN1 to_II 2nd_MD Gen_NN1 NB_FO nanosheets_VVZ at_II the_AT same_DA position_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
In_II the_AT past_NN1 ,_, GO_VV0 membranes_NN2 have_VH0 been_VBN made_VVN by_II filtration_NN1 ,_, which_DDQ is_VBZ difficult_JJ to_TO scale_VVI up_RP 10_MC ,_, and_CC by_II bar_NN1 coating_NN1 it_PPH1 can_VM be_VBI challenging_VVG to_TO achieve_VVI thin_JJ membranes_NN2 with_IW desirable_JJ filtration_NN1 performance13_FO ._. 
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<s>
Table_NN1 1_MC1 shows_VVZ the_AT solubility_NN1 parameters_NN2 (_( δ_FO )_) and_CC the_AT Flory-Huggins_NP1 interaction_NN1 parameter_NN1 (_( )_) between_II polymers_NN2 and_CC solvents_NN2 &lsqb;_( 29_MC &rsqb;_) ,_, &lsqb;_( 30_MC &rsqb;_) ._. 
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<s>
The_AT axial_JJ depth_NN1 of_IO cut_NN1 ap_NN1 =_FO 0.4_MC mm_NNU in_II (_( a_ZZ1 )_) and_CC (_( b_ZZ1 )_) ;_; ap_VV0 =_FO 0.6_MC mm_NNU in_II (_( c_ZZ1 )_) and_CC (_( d_ZZ1 )_) ;_; ap_VV0 =_FO 1.0_MC mm_NNU in_II (_( e_ZZ1 )_) and_CC (_( f_ZZ1 )_) ._. 
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<s>
In_II Fig_NN1 6a_FO ,_, a_AT1 relatively_RR large_JJ Z-phase_JJ precipitate_NN1 is_VBZ located_VVN at_II a_AT1 PAGB_NN1 of_IO ZLC_NP1 ._. 
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<s>
An_AT1 optical_JJ microscope_NN1 (_( Olympus_NP1 )_) was_VBDZ also_RR used_VVN to_TO observe_VVI the_AT grains_NN2 by_II depositing_VVG the_AT dispersion_NN1 onto_II a_AT1 glass_NN1 slide_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Data_NN correspond_VV0 to_TO net_VVI values_NN2 of_IO tetramer+_FO cells_NN2 after_II subtraction_NN1 of_IO staining_VVG with_IW a_AT1 negative_JJ control_NN1 tetramer_NN1 (_( HEL14–22/IAg7_NP1 )_) ._. 
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<s>
In_RR21 addition_RR22 ,_, it_PPH1 was_VBDZ worth_II noting_VVG that_CST the_AT BOD5_FO was_VBDZ decreased_VVN during_II 180–240_MCMC min_NNU ,_, suggesting_VVG that_CST (_( i_ZZ1 )_) the_AT organic_JJ compounds_NN2 with_IW biodegradability_NN1 were_VBDR removed_VVN ;_; (_( ii_MC )_) organochlorine_JJ substances_NN2 might_VM be_VBI formed_VVN as_CSA mentioned_VVN in_II GC-MS_JJ analysis_NN1 (_( Section_NN1 3.4.3_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
Within_II the_AT sodium_NN1 layers_NN2 ,_, high_JJ Mg-substitution_JJ levels_NN2 (_( i.e._REX x_ZZ1 =_FO 0.2_MC )_) caused_VVD a_AT1 disruption_NN1 in_II the_AT typical_JJ Na_FU zig-zag_JJ ordering_NN1 observed_VVN in_II the_AT undoped_JJ material_NN1 ,_, leading_VVG to_II a_AT1 more_RGR disordered_JJ Na_FU distribution_NN1 in_II the_AT layers_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
After_II applying_VVG the_AT face_NN1 skins_NN2 to_II the_AT core_NN1 material_NN1 but_CCB before_II curing_VVG ,_, the_AT sandwich_NN1 composites_NN2 were_VBDR reinforced_VVN in_II the_AT through-thickness_JJ direction_NN1 with_IW z-pins_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Dashed_JJ lines_NN2 in_II a_AT1 ,_, b_ZZ1 are_VBR the_AT calculations_NN2 assuming_VVG a_AT1 power-dependent_JJ electron_NN1 tunnelling_NN1 out_II21 of_II22 the_AT QD_NP1 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT SEM_NN1 image_NN1 of_IO PEDOT:PSS/Si-pyramids_NP1 structure_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
On_II that_DD1 account_NN1 ,_, the_AT fibers_NN2 were_VBDR more_RGR prone_JJ to_II temperature_NN1 ,_, further_JJR oxidation_NN1 of_IO fibers_NN2 took_VVD place_NN1 ,_, and_CC the_AT color_NN1 of_IO the_AT fibers_NN2 changed_VVN to_II dark_JJ brown_JJ ._. 
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<s>
The_AT first_MD stage_NN1 of_IO weight_NN1 loss_NN1 was_VBDZ observed_VVN in_II the_AT temperature_NN1 range_NN1 from_II 112_MC to_II 199_MC °C_NNU ,_, and_CC corresponds_VVZ to_II the_AT endothermic_JJ a_AT1 peak_NN1 in_II the_AT DSC_NN1 thermogram_NN1 (_( Fig_NN1 2b_FO )_) )_) ,_, which_DDQ could_VM be_VBI due_II21 to_II22 the_AT loss_NN1 of_IO residual_JJ solvent_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Recent_JJ studies_NN2 &lsqb;_( &lsqb;_( 38_MC &rsqb;_) ,_, &lsqb;_( 39_MC &rsqb;_) ,_, &lsqb;_( 40_MC &rsqb;_) &rsqb;_) assigned_VVD Raman_NP1 peaks_NN2 as_II follow_VV0 :_: the_AT peaks_NN2 at_II 178_MC cm-1_MC1 is_VBZ attributed_VVN to_II E_ZZ1 (_( TO_II )_) mode_NN1 combining_VVG with_IW an_AT1 A1(TO1)_FO mode_NN1 which_DDQ it_PPH1 is_VBZ located_VVN at_II 234_MC cm-1_MC1 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT potential_JJ window_NN1 of_IO an_AT1 asymmetric_JJ supercapacitor_NN1 that_CST was_VBDZ assembled_VVN with_IW this_DD1 material_NN1 can_VM be_VBI enlarged_VVN to_II 2.2_MC V_NNU (_( in_II aqueous_JJ electrolyte_NN1 )_) with_IW a_AT1 good_JJ cycling_NN1 ability_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT fitting_NN1 indicates_VVZ that_CST the_AT tunneling_JJ probability_NN1 in_II the_AT conductive_JJ network_NN1 of_IO 3DGF1000/PDMS_NP1 exponentially_RR decreases_VVZ with_IW the_AT tensile_JJ strain_NN1 applied_VVD ._. 
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<s>
It_PPH1 is_VBZ then_RT applied_VVN to_TO optimize_VVI the_AT position_NN1 and_CC orientation_NN1 of_IO CNTs_NP1 to_TO reduce_VVI stress_NN1 concentration_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
In_RR21 situ_RR22 optical_JJ observations_NN2 were_VBDR carried_VVN out_RP to_TO investigate_VVI Li_NP1 deposition_NN1 behavior_NN1 of_IO both_DB2 the_AT pure_JJ Li_NP1 and_CC OIFNLi_JJ anode_NN1 by_II a_AT1 quartz_NN1 cell_NN1 with_IW transparent_JJ quartz_NN1 window_NN1 (_( Kejing_NP1 ,_, STCQ_NP1 )_) ,_, which_DDQ was_VBDZ assembled_VVN in_II an_AT1 argonfilled_JJ glovebox_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT formed_JJ copolymer_NN1 adlayer_NN1 allows_VVZ necessary_JJ chemical_NN1 and_CC biochemical_JJ modifications_NN2 after_II initial_JJ surface_NN1 coating_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Parameters_NN2 used_VVD :_: kE_VV0 =_FO 0.8_MC ,_, B_ZZ1 =_FO 0.3_MC ,_, N_ZZ1 =_FO 0.05_MC ._. 
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<s>
The_AT structure_NN1 stability_NN1 of_IO the_AT 3R-type_JJ compound_NN1 ,_, which_DDQ has_VHZ smaller_JJR standard_JJ deviations_NN2 for_IF the_AT volumes_NN2 of_IO the_AT &lsqb;_( A2B4_FO &rsqb;_) and_CC &lsqb;_( AB5_FO &rsqb;_) subunits_VVZ ,_, is_VBZ superior_JJ to_II that_DD1 of_IO the_AT 2H-type_JJ compound_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT first_MD contained_JJ coffee_NN1 pulp_NN1 extract_NN1 (_( 6.68%_FO w/v_ZZ1 )_) ,_, peptone_NN1 (_( 10.04gL1_FO )_) ,_, yeast_VV0 extract_NN1 (_( 3gL1_FO )_) ,_, glucose_NN1 (_( 2gL1_FO )_) and_CC Tween_NP1 80_MC (_( 0.5%w/v_NNU )_) ._. 
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<s>
F/W_NP1 ×_II L_ZZ1 ,_, where_CS F_ZZ1 =_FO failure_NN1 load_NN1 in_II Newton_NP1 (_( N_ZZ1 )_) ,_, W_ZZ1 =_FO width_NN1 (_( mm_NNU )_) of_IO adhesive_JJ joint_JJ ,_, and_CC L_ZZ1 =_FO length_NN1 (_( mm_NNU )_) of_IO adhesive_JJ joint_JJ ._. 
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<s>
The_AT UCL_NN1 images_NN2 were_VBDR obtained_VVN on_II Nikon_NP1 Ti–S_NP1 ._. 
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<s>
Nitrogen_NN1 adsorption/desorption_NN1 analysis_NN1 were_VBDR obtained_VVN at_II 77_MC K_ZZ1 using_VVG a_AT1 Micromeritics_NP1 ASAP_NP1 TriStar_NP1 II_MC instrument_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Figure_NN1 S4_FO in_II the_AT Supporting_JJ Information_NN1 shows_VVZ the_AT topview_NN1 SEM_NN1 image_NN1 of_IO AurGO_NP1 electrodes_VVZ after_II depositing_VVG 2_MC mA_NN1 h_ZZ1 cm-2_MC of_IO lithium_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Acidification_NN1 of_IO sodium_NN1 silicate_NN1 forms_VVZ a_AT1 mixture_NN1 of_IO metastable_JJ ortho-_NN1 and_CC oligosilicic_JJ acids_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Ti-15Zr-15Mo_NP1 alloy_NN1 exhibited_VVD a_AT1 slight_JJ decrease_NN1 in_II the_AT Vickers_NP1 microhardness_NN1 values_NN2 ,_, and_CC Ti-15Zr-5Mo_NP1 ,_, Ti-15Zr-7.5Mo_NP1 ,_, and_CC Ti-15Zr-20Mo_NP1 alloys_NN2 showed_VVD a_AT1 small_JJ increase_NN1 in_II values_NN2 with_IW the_AT amount_NN1 of_IO oxygen_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT Young_NP1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 modulus_NN1 was_VBDZ E_NP1 =_FO 185_MC ±_FO 35_MC kPa_NN1 for_IF the_AT 1000_MC nm_FU sCPNs_NNU ,_, 195_MC ±_FO 16_MC kPa_NN1 for_IF the_AT 1000_MC nm_FU QPNs_NP1 ,_, 56_MC ±_FO 6_MC kPa_NN1 for_IF the_AT 2000_MC nm_FU sCPNs_NNU ,_, and_CC 476_MC ±_FO 110_MC kPa_NN1 for_IF EPNs_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Scanning_VVG electron_NN1 microscopy_NN1 (_( SEM_NP1 )_) images_NN2 clearly_RR demonstrate_VV0 that_CST a_AT1 high-resolution_JJ nano-line_JJ pattern_NN1 of_IO 15_MC nm_FU is_VBZ fabricated_VVN over_II the_AT whole_JJ area_NN1 with_IW an_AT1 outstanding_JJ pattern_NN1 fidelity_NN1 (_( Figure_NN1 1F_RA )_) ._. 
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<s>
The_AT overall_JJ precursor_NN1 concentration_NN1 is_VBZ further_RRR reduced_VVN due_II21 to_II22 the_AT presence_NN1 of_IO the_AT NiO_NP1 foam_NN1 which_DDQ serves_VVZ as_II a_AT1 barrier_NN1 to_II MoO3_FO ,_, possibly_RR reacting_VVG with_IW it_PPH1 to_TO form_VVI a_AT1 Ni–Mo_NN1 complex_NN1 ,_, thereby_RR preventing_VVG its_APPGE further_JJR desorption_NN1 and_CC thus_RR reducing_VVG the_AT overall_JJ precursor_NN1 concentration_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Hence_RR ,_, this_DD1 novel_JJ material_NN1 exhibits_VVZ a_AT1 distinguished_JJ reduction_NN1 performance_NN1 for_IF CO2_FO reduction_NN1 under_II visible_JJ light_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT experiments_NN2 were_VBDR performed_VVN under_II N2_FO atmosphere_NN1 with_IW a_AT1 double_JJ cycle_NN1 of_IO heating_NN1 from_II room_NN1 temperature_NN1 to_II 190_MC °C_NNU at_II 5_MC °C/min_NNU separated_VVN by_II a_AT1 single_JJ cooling_NN1 run_VVN at_II 5_MC °C/min_NNU ._. 
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<s>
Montmorillonite_NN1 and_CC nanoclay_VV0 powder_NN1 (_( 3%_NNU relative_II21 to_II22 Ch_NN1 )_) were_VBDR dispersed_VVN in_II 10_MC ml_NNU of_IO 1%_NNU acetic_JJ acid_NN1 solution_NN1 and_CC stirred_VVN for_IF 24_MC h_ZZ1 ._. 
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<s>
Then_RT ,_, the_AT Ch_NN1 solution_NN1 was_VBDZ slowly_RR added_VVN to_II the_AT MMT_NP1 dispersion_NN1 and_CC the_AT resulting_JJ mixtures_NN2 were_VBDR vigorously_RR stirred_VVN for_IF 24_MC h_ZZ1 at_II room_NN1 temperature_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Solar_JJ photovoltaic_JJ (_( PV_NN1 )_) installation_NN1 is_VBZ growing_VVG rapidly_RR across_II the_AT world_NN1 ,_, but_CCB the_AT variability_NN1 of_IO solar_JJ power_NN1 hinders_VVZ its_APPGE further_JJR penetration_NN1 into_II the_AT power_NN1 grid_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Relaxation-time_JJ spectra_NN2 for_IF La70Cu15Al15_FO and_CC La70Ni15Al15_FO with_IW different_JJ ageing_JJ times_NNT2 ,_, as_CSA indicated_VVN ._. 
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<s>
In_II our_APPGE study_NN1 ,_, experimental_JJ fluorescence_NN1 data_NN were_VBDR implemented_VVN with_IW OriginPro_NP1 8_MC ._. 
</s>
<s>
Further_JJR deposition_NN1 leads_VVZ to_TO complete_VVI filling_NN1 of_IO the_AT voids_NN2 and_CC a_AT1 relatively_RR smooth_JJ surface_NN1 morphology_NN1 (_( Figs_NN2 4F_RA and4G_FO )_) ._. 
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<s>
The_AT memristors_NN2 can_VM be_VBI programmed_VVN into_II different_JJ conductance_NN1 states_NN2 and_CC can_VM be_VBI used_VVN to_TO modulate_VVI signals_NN2 in_II either_RR the_AT forward_NN1 (_( the_AT read_NN1 voltage_NN1 is_VBZ applied_VVN to_II the_AT rows_NN2 and_CC current_JJ is_VBZ measured_VVN at_II each_DD1 column_NN1 )_) or_CC backward_RL (_( the_AT read_NN1 voltage_NN1 is_VBZ applied_VVN to_II the_AT columns_NN2 and_CC current_JJ is_VBZ measured_VVN at_II each_DD1 row_NN1 )_) directions_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT linear_JJ hygro-elastic_JJ stress_NN1 vs_II strain_NN1 relation_NN1 can_VM therefore_RR be_VBI written_VVN as_CSA follows_VVZ :_: FORMULA_NN1 ,_, where_CS ij_NN1 are_VBR the_AT components_NN2 of_IO the_AT stress_NN1 tensor_NN1 ,_, Q_ZZ1 ij_JJ are_VBR the_AT components_NN2 of_IO the_AT reduced_JJ stiffness_NN1 matrix_NN1 of_IO the_AT material_NN1 expressed_VVN in_II the_AT global_JJ coordinates_NN2 of_IO the_AT laminate_NN1 &lsqb;_( 33_MC &rsqb;_) which_DDQ are_VBR obtained_VVN from_II the_AT measured_JJ material_NN1 parameters_NN2 EL_NP1 ,_, ET_NP1 ,_, LT_NNB and_CC GLT_NP1 according_II21 to_II22 the_AT classical_JJ lamination_NN1 theory_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT voltage_NN1 is_VBZ normalized_VVN to_II hf2e_FO ,_, where_CS h_ZZ1 is_VBZ Planck_NP1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 constant_JJ and_CC e_ZZ1 is_VBZ the_AT electron_NN1 charge_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
In_RR21 addition_RR22 ,_, PHSRN-treated_JJ rats_NN2 revealed_VVD a_AT1 higher_JJR density_NN1 of_IO VW_NP1 factor_NN1 immunoreactivity_NN1 ,_, indicating_VVG vasculature_NN1 recovery_NN1 (_( Fig_NN1 3C_FO )_) ._. 
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<s>
The_AT -Al_NP1 is_VBZ oriented_VVN away_II21 from_II22 any_DD low_JJ index_NN1 zone_NN1 direction_NN1 in_II both_DB2 Fig_NN1 3a_FO and_CC c_ZZ1 ,_, suggesting_VVG that_CST this_DD1 particular_JJ TiB2_FO particle_NN1 did_VDD not_XX participate_VVI in_II grain_NN1 initiation_NN1 during_II solidification_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Due_II21 to_II22 the_AT substitution_NN1 of_IO mild_JJ steel_NN1 materials_NN2 ,_, the_AT usage_NN1 of_IO aluminium_NN1 alloys_NN2 in_II the_AT automotive_JJ industry_NN1 has_VHZ significantly_RR risen_VVN in_II the_AT past_JJ 30_MC years_NNT2 (_( Hirsch_NP1 ,_, 2011_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
The_AT peak_NN1 splitting_VVG at_II high-pressure_JJ conditions_NN2 is_VBZ a_AT1 characteristic_JJ feature_NN1 in_II some_DD inorganic_JJ amorphous_JJ compounds_NN2 (_( such_II21 as_II22 Germania_NP1 and_CC Silica_NP1 )_) due_II21 to_II22 the_AT increase_NN1 in_II the_AT edge-bond_JJ sharing_NN1 &lsqb;_( 54_MC &rsqb;_) ._. 
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<s>
Fig_NN1 5_MC clearly_RR illustrates_VVZ the_AT relationships_NN2 among_II mesh_NN1 ,_, boundary_NN1 ,_, grid_NN1 point_NN1 and_CC elemental_JJ volume_NN1 fraction_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
A_AT1 clone_NN1 library_NN1 was_VBDZ constructed_VVN using_VVG the_AT 16s_MC2 rRNA_NN1 gene_NN1 of_IO samples_NN2 from_II SS-AD_JJ with_IW AGS_NN2 as_CSA inoculum_NN1 on_II day_NNT1 45_MC ._. 
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<s>
Optimal_JJ parameters_NN2 of_IO the_AT iARDRPR_NN1 model_NN1 for_IF the_AT 30_MC wt%_FO SGF/PBT_VV0 composite_JJ at_II the_AT transient_JJ shear_VV0 flow_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Therefore_RR ,_, at_II the_AT final_JJ stage_NN1 of_IO refinement_NN1 ,_, the_AT Li_NP1 occupation_NN1 in_II the_AT Mn2_FO site_NN1 was_VBDZ fixed_VVN to_TO be_VBI zero_MC (_( Table_NN1 S2_FO ,_, Supporting_JJ Information_NN1 )_) ._. 
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<s>
Interestingly_RR ,_, the_AT rate_NN1 of_IO subsidence_NN1 of_IO solvent_JJ complex_JJ peaks_NN2 mirrors_NN2 the_AT rate_NN1 of_IO perovskite_NN1 peak_NN1 emergence_NN1 ,_, which_DDQ shows_VVZ a_AT1 direct_JJ transition_NN1 from_II the_AT solvent_NN1 complex_NN1 to_II the_AT RDP_NP1 ._. 
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<s>
Moreover_RR ,_, Ch_NN1 composites_NN2 containing_VVG hydroxyapatite_NN1 can_VM be_VBI prepared_VVN via_II biomimetic_JJ processes_NN2 using_VVG SBF_NP1 solution_NN1 &lsqb;_( 17_MC &rsqb;_) ._. 
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<s>
The_AT interface_NN1 evolution_NN1 process_NN1 of_IO these_DD2 particles_NN2 is_VBZ shown_VVN in_II Fig_NN1 10_MC ._. 
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<s>
Two_MC single_JJ crystal_NN1 domains_NN2 ,_, where_CS one_PN1 is_VBZ rotated_VVN by_II 60°_NNU with_II31 reference_II32 to_II33 the_AT other_JJ around_II &lsqb;_( 111_MC &rsqb;_) axis_NN1 ,_, are_VBR thought_VVN to_TO be_VBI responsible_JJ for_IF such_DA additional_JJ diffraction_NN1 spots_NN2 &lsqb;_( 32_MC &rsqb;_) ._. 
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<s>
We_PPIS2 note_VV0 here_RL that_CST our_APPGE use_NN1 of_IO the_AT word_NN1 '_NULL orientation_NN1 '_NULL in_II this_DD1 work_NN1 is_VBZ appropriate_JJ only_JJ when_CS the_AT tilt_NN1 angles_NN2 and_CC β_NULL are_VBR small_JJ ._. 
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<s>
The_AT data_NN sets_NN2 given_VVN by_II the_AT other_JJ rows_NN2 were_VBDR used_VVN as_II the_AT training_NN1 set_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT borophene_NN1 orientation_NN1 is_VBZ schematically_RR shown_VVN in_II the_AT inset_NN1 of_IO Fig_NN1 5b_FO ._. 
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<s>
In_RR21 short_RR22 ,_, although_CS several_DA2 differences_NN2 exist_VV0 between_II PSs_NN2 and_CC BCNs_NP1 ,_, more_DAR characterization_NN1 will_VM be_VBI required_VVN to_TO better_RRR understand_VVI the_AT relative_JJ contributions_NN2 each_DD1 variable_JJ play_NN1 in_II the_AT organ-level_JJ biodistribution_NN1 differences_NN2 observed_VVN here_RL ._. 
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<s>
We_PPIS2 measured_VVD the_AT spectral_JJ intensity_NN1 at_II the_AT absorption_NN1 peak_NN1 of_IO nanoparticles_NN2 in_II the_AT cell_NN1 culture_NN1 medium_NN1 after_II incubation_NN1 for_IF 1_MC1 ,_, 2_MC ,_, 3_MC ,_, 4_MC ,_, 6_MC ,_, 8_MC ,_, and_CC 10_MC h_ZZ1 ._. 
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<s>
These_DD2 studies_NN2 reveal_VV0 a_AT1 high_JJ methane_NN1 potential_NN1 compared_VVN to_II other_JJ organic_JJ waste_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Mitigation_NN1 of_IO NOx_NP1 pollution_NN1 is_VBZ a_AT1 complex_JJ issue_NN1 ,_, not_XX least_RRT because_II21 of_II22 its_APPGE highly_RR reactive_JJ ,_, oxidizing_VVG and_CC corrosive_JJ nature5_FO ._. 
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<s>
The_AT dispersion_NN1 of_IO micro-fibrils_NN2 in_II the_AT matrix_NN1 can_VM improve_VVI the_AT effectiveness_NN1 of_IO processing_NN1 of_IO the_AT silane-treated_JJ micro-fibril_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
In_II heating_NN1 period_NN1 ,_, RP_NP1 first_MD depolymerizes_VVZ and_CC oxidates_VVZ to_II phosphoric_JJ acid_NN1 ,_, and_CC then_RT dehydrates_VVZ to_II polyphosphoric_JJ acid_NN1 ._. 
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These_DD2 samples_NN2 were_VBDR either_RR composed_VVN of_IO thin_JJ or_CC thick_JJ electrospun_NN1 fibers_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Further_RRR ,_, the_AT buckling_JJ responses_NN2 of_IO the_AT laminated_JJ sandwich_NN1 plate_NN1 are_VBR examined_VVN using_VVG an_AT1 improved_JJ higherorder_NN1 zigzag_NN1 theory_NN1 suggested_VVN by_II Pandit_NP1 et_RA21 al_RA22 27_MC ._. 
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<s>
It_PPH1 is_VBZ noticeable_JJ that_CST there_EX are_VBR small_JJ amounts_NN2 of_IO O–C=O_FO groups_NN2 ,_, which_DDQ is_VBZ a_AT1 new_JJ oxygen-containing_JJ group_NN1 ,_, introduced_VVN on_II the_AT surface_NN1 ._. 
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This_DD1 indicates_VVZ that_CST the_AT poor_JJ interaction_NN1 between_II pristine_JJ CFs_VVZ and_CC RPU_NP1 matrix_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT ratios_NN2 of_IO r-Cs_NNU2 concentrations_NN2 were_VBDR calculated_VVN according_II21 to_II22 Eq_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
(_( 6_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
The_AT performance_NN1 of_IO the_AT anaerobic_JJ process_NN1 was_VBDZ evaluated_VVN through_II the_AT biogas_NN2 and_CC methane_NN1 yields_NN2 ,_, the_AT reduction_NN1 of_IO organic_JJ matter_NN1 ,_, the_AT release_NN1 of_IO nitrogen_NN1 compounds_NN2 and_CC the_AT monitoring_NN1 of_IO selected_JJ stability_NN1 indicators_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
In_II a_AT1 parallel_JJ experiment_NN1 ,_, SPIO_NP1 nanoworms_NN2 were_VBDR incubated_VVN with_IW RAP_NN1 factors_NN2 without_IW precoating_VVG with_IW serum_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
KOH_NP1 ,_, respectively_RR ,_, much_RR lower_JJR than_CSN those_DD2 of_IO the_AT commercial_JJ Ir/CPt/C_FU electrolyzer_NN1 ._. 
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The_AT represents_VVZ significant_JJ difference_NN1 (_( p_ZZ1 =_FO 0.05_MC )_) for_IF indicated_JJ composition_NN1 compared_VVN to_II all_DB others_NN2 in_II respective_JJ media_NN ._. 
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In_II this_DD1 work_NN1 ,_, the_AT long_JJ glass_NN1 fiberreinforced_VVD polypropylene/red_NN1 phosphorus_NN1 (_( PP/LGF/RP_NN1 )_) flame_NN1 retardant_NN1 composites_NN2 were_VBDR prepared_VVN by_II melting_VVG blend_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Composites_NN2 have_VH0 been_VBN widely_RR used_VVN in_II the_AT aerospace_NN1 industry_NN1 due_II21 to_II22 their_APPGE combination_NN1 of_IO low_JJ density_NN1 and_CC high_JJ strength_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
One_MC1 approach_NN1 we_PPIS2 are_VBR developing_VVG to_TO address_VVI these_DD2 problems_NN2 is_VBZ to_TO program_VVI T_ZZ1 cells_NN2 with_IW multiple_JJ CARs_NN2 recognizing_VVG several_DA2 cancer_NN1 antigens_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT SiO2@exfoliated_FO h-BN/GO_VV0 paper_NN1 was_VBDZ uniform_JJ ,_, but_CCB the_AT exfoliated_JJ h-BN/GO_VV0 paper_NN1 was_VBDZ not_XX uniform_JJ ._. 
</s>
<s>
Fig_NN1 7_MC RL_NP1 spectra_NN2 of_IO mesoporous_JJ APO_NN1 nanorod/SFO_FU nanoflake_NN1 heterostructure_NN1 at_II some_DD special_JJ t_ZZ1 :_: (_( a_ZZ1 )_) 2.0_MC ,_, (_( b_ZZ1 )_) 2.3_MC ,_, (_( c_ZZ1 )_) 2.6_MC and_CC (_( d_ZZ1 )_) 5.1_MC mm_NNU ._. 
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For_IF this_DD1 study_NN1 ,_, only_RR aluminum-containing_JJ oxides_NN2 are_VBR considered_VVN for_IF two_MC reasons_NN2 :_: on_II the_AT one_MC1 hand_NN1 ,_, the_AT applied_JJ methods_NN2 have_VH0 been_VBN proven_VVN to_TO work_VVI well_RR for_IF oxides_NN2 and_CC data_NN mining_NN1 of_IO necessary_JJ input_NN1 values_NN2 for_IF both_RR VDP_NP1 and_CC BVSE_NN1 is_VBZ statistically_RR sound_VV0 because_II21 of_II22 the_AT huge_JJ variety_NN1 of_IO oxygen-containing_JJ compounds_NN2 ._. 
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This_DD1 work_NN1 studied_VVD the_AT polymerization_NN1 reaction_NN1 of_IO an_AT1 innovative_JJ thermoplastic_JJ resin_NN1 for_IF infusion_NN1 (_( Elium150_FO by_II Arkema_NP1 )_) via_II thermal_JJ ,_, rheological_JJ ,_, and_CC dielectric_JJ analysis_NN1 ._. 
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In_BCL21 order_BCL22 to_TO explore_VVI the_AT mechanisms_NN2 through_II which_DDQ AgNPs_NN2 down-regulate_VV0 CCL-5_MC and_CC IFN-_NN1 β_NULL in_II influenza-infected_JJ epithelial_JJ cells_NN2 ,_, we_PPIS2 analyzed_VVD the_AT signaling_JJ pathways_NN2 underlying_VVG the_AT expression_NN1 of_IO both_DB2 cytokines_NN2 ._. 
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Written_JJ consent_NN1 was_VBDZ obtained_VVN from_II the_AT patient_NN1 prior_II21 to_II22 surgery_NN1 as_CSA per_II the_AT IRB_NP1 protocols_NN2 ._. 
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Two_MC material_JJ systems_NN2 comprising_VVG a_AT1 PMC_NP1 and_CC a_AT1 CMC_NP1 co-cured_VVD together_RL to_TO form_VVI "_" unitized_JJ "_" composites_NN2 were_VBDR studied_VVN in_II this_DD1 effort_NN1 ._. 
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UV–vis_NN1 absorption_NN1 spectra_NN2 were_VBDR obtained_VVN using_VVG a_AT1 V650_FO spectrophotometer_NN1 (_( Jasco_NP1 lnc._NNU ,_, Japan_NP1 )_) ,_, in_II which_DDQ the_AT sample_NN1 electrode_NN1 was_VBDZ placed_VVN in_II the_AT center_NN1 of_IO an_AT1 integrating_JJ sphere_NN1 to_TO measure_VVI all_DB light_NN1 reflected_VVN and_CC transmitted_VVN to_TO accurately_RR assess_VVI the_AT absorbance_NN1 ._. 
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As_CSA shown_VVN in_II Fig_NN1 11_MC ,_, compared_VVN with_IW CF_VV0 ,_, IFSS_NN1 of_IO CFO/EP_NP1 slightly_RR increase_VV0 from_II 68.91_MC MPa_NP1 to_II 70.18_MC MPa_NP1 ,_, by_II 1.8%_FO ._. 
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The_AT LbL_NP1 coating_NN1 without_IW adjuvant_NN1 was_VBDZ also_RR carried_VVN on_RP MNs_NP1 by_II replacing_VVG poly(I:C)_FO with_IW heparin_NN1 ._. 
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When_CS the_AT frequency_NN1 of_IO water_NN1 waves_NN2 increases_VVZ from_II 0.1_MC Hz_NNU to_II 1_MC1 Hz_NNU ,_, the_AT output_NN1 air_NN1 speed_NN1 also_RR increases_VVZ from_II 2.5_MC m/s_ZZ1 to_II 17.0_MC m/s_ZZ1 with_IW the_AT compressed_JJ air_NN1 volume_NN1 of_IO 3.7dm3_FO (_( h=3.7dm_FO )_) ._. 
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However_RR ,_, after_CS internalization_NN1 ,_, the_AT payload_NN1 transport_NN1 might_VM be_VBI critically_RR challenged_VVN by_II the_AT formidable_JJ obstacle_NN1 within_II epithelium._NNU (_( 7_MC )_) Worse_JJR still_RR ,_, the_AT stability_NN1 and_CC the_AT transport_NN1 mechanisms_NN2 of_IO the_AT loaded_JJ biotherapeutics_NN2 during_II the_AT intracellular_JJ transport_NN1 still_RR remained_VVD unknown_JJ ,_, leading_VVG to_II the_AT extremely_RR limited_JJ transepithelial_JJ efficiency_NN1 ._. 
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Upon_II hydrothermal_JJ treatment_NN1 of_IO raw_JJ IBA_NP1 in_II the_AT presence_NN1 of_IO 3M_NNU NaOH_NN1 ,_, the_AT texture_NN1 of_IO the_AT IBA_NP1 changed_VVD to_TO obtain_VVI improved_JJ surface_NN1 area_NN1 and_CC total_JJ pore_NN1 volume_NN1 ,_, facilitating_VVG the_AT better_JJR dispersion_NN1 of_IO Ni_NP1 species_NN on_II the_AT IBA_NP1 ,_, thus_RR creating_VVG more_DAR number_NN1 of_IO surface_NN1 Ni_NP1 species_NN to_TO participate_VVI in_II the_AT reforming_JJ reaction_NN1 ._. 
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It_PPH1 is_VBZ widely_RR accepted_VVN that_DD1 waste_NN1 is_VBZ by-product_NN1 of_IO industry_NN1 production_NN1 and_CC another_DD1 kind_NN1 of_IO resource_NN1 in_II this_DD1 country_NN1 ._. 
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To_TO allow_VVI for_IF real-time_JJ observation_NN1 and_CC determination_NN1 of_IO the_AT binding_JJ kinetics_NN1 ,_, a_AT1 fluidic_JJ cell_NN1 was_VBDZ designed_VVN for_IF the_AT following_JJ experiments_NN2 (_( Supplementary_JJ Fig_NN1 3b_FO )_) ._. 
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This_DD1 work_NN1 is_VBZ anticipated_VVN to_TO provide_VVI the_AT new_JJ understanding_NN1 on_II the_AT capacitive_JJ properties_NN2 of_IO Co3O4_FO and_CC shed_VV0 light_NN1 on_II the_AT fundamental_JJ reason_NN1 of_IO high-rate_JJ performances_NN2 ._. 
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C.G._NP1 acknowledges_VVZ the_AT support_NN1 from_II the_AT National_JJ Natural_JJ Science_NN1 Foundation_NN1 of_IO China_NP1 (_( 21671156_MC and_CC 21301138_MC )_) and_CC the_AT Tang_NN1 Scholar_NN1 Program_NN1 from_II Cyrus_NP1 Tang_NN1 Foundation_NN1 ._. 
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Figure_NN1 2_MC :_: Fabrication_NN1 and_CC characterization_NN1 of_IO nanomat_NN1 (_( VF_NP1 nanomat_NN1 )_) ._. 
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The_AT cationic_JJ nanoparticles_NN2 showed_VVD significant_JJ enhancement_NN1 of_IO tumor_NN1 penetration_NN1 and_CC a_AT1 2.5fold_FO increase_VV0 in_II cellular_JJ uptake_NN1 compared_VVN with_IW neutral_JJ and_CC negative_JJ analogs_NN2 ,_, leading_VVG to_II notable_JJ inhibition_NN1 of_IO tumor_NN1 growth_NN1 ._. 
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The_AT magnetostriction_NN1 value_NN1 (_( %_NNU )_) was_VBDZ calculated_VVN as_CSA shown_VVN in_II the_AT following:FORMULA_FO ._. 
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This_DD1 verifies_VVZ that_CST the_AT 3D_NNU printed_JJ flexible_JJ TE_FW generators_NN2 are_VBR useful_JJ in_II conversion_NN1 of_IO electrical_JJ energy_NN1 from_II heat_NN1 source_NN1 of_IO skin_NN1 in_II human_NN1 and_CC providing_VVG an_AT1 effective_JJ power_NN1 source_NN1 for_IF wearable_JJ microelectronic_JJ devices_NN2 ._. 
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Fig_NN1 3_MC HAADF_NP1 STEM_NN1 images_NN2 show_VV0 the_AT gradual_JJ growth_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 ε_FO grain_NN1 from_II the_AT amorphous_JJ matrix_NN1 ._. 
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For_IF each_DD1 wall_NN1 ,_, all_DB parameters_NN2 except_II current_JJ and_CC plasma_NN1 gas_NN1 flow_NN1 rate_NN1 were_VBDR kept_VVN the_AT same_DA ,_, as_CSA indicated_VVN in_II Table_NN1 1_MC1 ,_, Table_NN1 2_MC ._. 
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The_AT response_NN1 time_NNT1 of_IO a_AT1 typical_JJ pulse_NN1 sensor_NN1 is_VBZ about_RG 18.6_MC ms_NN1 ._. 
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Thus_RR ,_, the_AT combination_NN1 of_IO -conjugated_JJ wire_NN1 body_NN1 and_CC -backbonding_NN1 at_II the_AT metal/CN_NN1 junction_NN1 seems_VVZ to_TO be_VBI essential_JJ for_IF improving_VVG the_AT Au-to-CoTPP_NP1 internal_JJ conduction_NN1 ._. 
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It_PPH1 should_VM be_VBI therefore_RR kept_VVN in_II mind_NN1 that_CST the_AT SEI_FW features_NN2 discussed_VVD thereafter_RT arise_VV0 from_II the_AT migration_NN1 of_IO electrolyte_NN1 degradation_NN1 species_NN from_II the_AT K_NP1 metal_NN1 to_II the_AT Sb_NP1 electrode_NN1 ._. 
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Similarly_RR ,_, the_AT concentrated_JJ acid_NN1 groups_NN2 within_II the_AT layers_NN2 may_VM provide_VVI high_JJ cation_NN1 (_( for_REX21 example_REX22 ,_, Li+_FO ,_, Na+_FO ,_, K+_FO )_) conductivity_NN1 even_RR in_II the_AT absence_NN1 of_IO water_NN1 ,_, because_CS the_AT proximity_NN1 of_IO the_AT acid_NN1 groups_NN2 could_VM allow_VVI efficient_JJ ion_NN1 transport_NN1 ._. 
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The_AT central_JJ AA_NP1 SF_NN1 hydrogel_NN1 also_RR supported_VVD the_AT NP_NP1 cell_NN1 viability_NN1 (_( Fig_NN1 3B_FO )_) ._. 
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The_AT quality_NN1 of_IO micro-holes_NN2 produced_VVN with_IW ultrasonic_JJ powers_NN2 of_IO 20_MC and_CC 70_MC W_ZZ1 is_VBZ shown_VVN in_II Fig_NN1 11(b)_FO and_CC (_( c_ZZ1 )_) ,_, respectively_RR ._. 
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The_AT size_NN1 of_IO A_ZZ1 β_NULL aggregates_NN2 was_VBDZ significantly_RR reduced_VVN when_CS A_ZZ1 β_NULL sample_NN1 was_VBDZ incubated_VVN with_IW BiVO4_FO photoanode_VV0 under_II LED_NN1 illumination_NN1 with_IW 0.8_MC V_ZZ1 anodic_JJ bias_NN1 ._. 
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When_CS examining_VVG the_AT different_JJ transfer_NN1 modes_NN2 ,_, Yudodibroto_NP1 et_RA21 al_RA22 (_( 2004_MC )_) reported_VVD that_CST the_AT arc_NN1 voltage_NN1 drops_VVZ during_II TIG_NP1 welding_NN1 ,_, when_CS the_AT droplet_NN1 becomes_VVZ a_AT1 bridge_NN1 between_II wire_NN1 and_CC weld_VV0 pool_NN1 ._. 
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The_AT ratio_NN1 of_IO enzyme-SP_JJ fusion_NN1 protein_NN1 to_II CP_NP1 was_VBDZ determined_VVN from_II molecular_JJ weight_NN1 data_NN ascertained_VVN from_II MALS_NP2 as_CSA described_VVN previously_RR ._. 
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Polydimethylsiloxane_NP1 (_( PDMS_NP1 ;_; Sylgard_NP1 184_MC ,_, Dow_NP1 Corning_NP1 )_) was_VBDZ prepared_VVN at_II a_AT1 5:1_MC oligomer/curing_FU agent_NN1 ratio_NN1 using_VVG an_AT1 AR-100_MC THINKY_JJ planetary_JJ centrifugal_JJ mixer_NN1 (_( mixing_NN1 :_: 1_MC1 min_NNU ,_, defoaming_VVG :_: 1_MC1 min_NNU )_) ._. 
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The_AT incorporation_NN1 of_IO magnetite_NN1 nanoparticles_NN2 can_VM impart_VVI the_AT bulk_NN1 conductivity_NN1 to_II the_AT polymer_NN1 matrix_NN1 ._. 
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A_AT1 proper_JJ increase_NN1 of_IO temperature_NN1 is_VBZ good_JJ for_IF grain_NN1 refinement_NN1 ,_, however_RRQV grain_NN1 will_VM change_VVI from_II fine_JJ grain_NN1 into_II coarse_JJ grain_NN1 as_CSA shown_VVN in_II Fig_NN1 10c_FO with_IW dividing_VVG point_NN1 around_RG 1300_MC °C_NNU ._. 
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After_II mixing_VVG these_DD2 materials_NN2 uniformly_RR ,_, the_AT electrode_NN1 slurry_NN1 was_VBDZ casted_VVN on_II the_AT aluminum_NN1 foil_NN1 and_CC dried_VVN at_II 100_MC °C_NNU for_IF 20_MC h_ZZ1 in_II a_AT1 vacuum_NN1 oven_NN1 ._. 
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In_II conclusion_NN1 ,_, the_AT data_NN described_VVN here_RL establish_VV0 for_IF the_AT first_MD time_NNT1 that_CST self-assembling_JJ hybrid_JJ nanoparticle_NN1 can_VM be_VBI engineered_VVN to_TO efficiently_RR deliver_VVI and_CC express_VVI IL-22_MC to_II hepatocytes_NN2 for_IF protection_NN1 of_IO liver_NN1 from_II hepatocellular_JJ injury_NN1 ._. 
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Moreover_RR ,_, the_AT activated_JJ 9_MC was_VBDZ quantitatively_RR taken_VVN up_RP in_II an_AT1 hour_NNT1 of_IO the_AT incubation_NN1 time_NNT1 (_( FOC_NP1 =99%_FO )_) ._. 
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After_CS the_AT further_JJR modification_NN1 ,_, the_AT surface_NN1 morphology_NN1 changes_NN2 significantly_RR and_CC a_AT1 layer_NN1 of_IO PZS_NP1 hybrid_JJ coating_NN1 with_IW numerous_JJ PZSNTs_NP1 (_( several_DA2 microns_NN2 in_II length_NN1 )_) covered_VVD the_AT whole_JJ fiber_NN1 ,_, a_AT1 uniform_JJ multi-scale_JJ hybrid_JJ structure_NN1 was_VBDZ achieved_VVN ,_, as_CSA shown_VVN in_II Fig_NN1 5d–g_NN1 ._. 
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As_CSA shown_VVN in_II Fig_NN1 2i_FO ,_, peak_NN1 output_NN1 voltages_NN2 can_VM reach_VVI 0.33_MC V_NNU and_CC 0.85_MC V_NNU upon_II the_AT two_MC sides_NN2 having_VHG a_AT1 RH_FO difference_NN1 of_IO 30%_NNU and_CC 80%_NNU ,_, respectively_RR ._. 
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In_II this_DD1 case_NN1 ,_, 20_MC mm_NNU diameter_NN1 circular_NN1 sputtered_VVD electrodes_NN2 were_VBDR applied_VVN ,_, to_TO match_VVI the_AT electrodes_NN2 in_II the_AT test_NN1 cell_NN1 ._. 
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The_AT XRD_NP1 results_NN2 showed_VVD that_CST the_AT polymer/clay_NN1 nanocomposites_NN2 have_VH0 an_AT1 exfoliated_JJ structure_NN1 ._. 
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The_AT relevant_JJ point_NN1 group_NN1 is_VBZ generated_VVN by_II a_AT1 three-fold_JJ rotation_NN1 about_II the_AT z_ZZ1 axis_NN1 ,_, C3z_FO ,_, a_AT1 two-fold_JJ rotation_NN1 about_II the_AT y_ZZ1 axis_NN1 ,_, C2y_FO ,_, and_CC inversion_NN1 P_ZZ1 ,_, which_DDQ transform_VV0 the_AT spatial_JJ coordinate_NN1 (_( x_ZZ1 ,_, y_ZZ1 ,_, z_ZZ1 )_) as_II :_: FORMULAS_NN2 ,_, where_CS FORMULA_NN1 ._. 
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Diels–Alder_VV0 cycloaddition_NN1 of_IO with_IW followed_VVN by_II cheletropic_JJ extrusion_NN1 of_IO CO_NP1 affords_VVZ GNR_NP1 precursor_NN1 1_MC1 ._. 
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On_II the_AT other_JJ hand_NN1 ,_, PIbased_VVD hybrid_JJ nanocomposites_NN2 have_VH0 also_RR been_VBN studied_VVN such_II21 as_II22 ZnOCNTs_NP1 ,_, chitosanCNTs_NN2 ,_, oraganic–inorganic_JJ nanohybrids_NN2 ,_, silica–silver_VV0 hybrids_NN2 ,_, surfacesilvered_VVD grapheneCNTs_NN2 ,_, Co0.5Ni0.5Fe2O4/CNTs_FU and_CC Pt/carbon_NN1 ,_, polymethyl_NN1 methacrylate_NN1 (_( PMMA_NP1 )_) graftedMWCNTs_VVZ ._. 
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At_II all_DB pH_NN1 levels_NN2 ,_, a_AT1 similar_JJ Etrans_NN2 is_VBZ observed_VVN regardless_RR of_IO initial_JJ procedures_NN2 prior_II21 to_II22 polarization_NN1 ._. 
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Schematic_JJ diagrams_NN2 of_IO lithium_NN1 stripping/plating_NN1 behaviors_NN2 of_IO c_ZZ1 )_) AurGO_NN1 and_CC d_ZZ1 )_) rGO_NN1 ._. 
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It_PPH1 can_VM be_VBI seen_VVN from_II Fig_NN1 8(b)_FO that_CST the_AT cracking_JJ plane_NN1 is_VBZ always_RR perpendicular_JJ to_II the_AT applied_JJ load_NN1 ._. 
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In_II the_AT central_JJ zone_NN1 ,_, the_AT grain_NN1 morphology_NN1 consists_VVZ of_IO cellular_JJ crystals_NN2 and_CC equiaxed_VVD grains_NN2 ._. 
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Fig_NN1 9_MC Characterization_NN1 of_IO growth_NN1 kinetics_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 compact_JJ coprecipitate_NN1 and_CC its_APPGE isolated_JJ counterpart_NN1 as_II a_AT1 function_NN1 of_IO its_APPGE initial_JJ configuration_NN1 ._. 
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Correlations_NN2 between_II VNP_NP1 characteristics_NN2 were_VBDR determined_VVN using_VVG Pearson_NP1 correlation_NN1 analysis_NN1 in_II GraphPad_NP1 Prism_NN1 to_TO compare_VVI data_NN from_II all_DB VNPs_NP1 that_CST formed_VVD at_II titers_NN2 sufficient_JJ for_IF nickel_NN1 column_NN1 analysis_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
In_RR21 general_RR22 ,_, the_AT obtained_VVN results_NN2 indicated_VVD that_CST the_AT prepared_JJ microparticles_NN2 were_VBDR ideal_JJ carriers_NN2 for_IF oral_JJ administration_NN1 of_IO progesterone_NN1 offering_VVG great_JJ potential_NN1 to_TO improve_VVI the_AT dissolution_NN1 rate_NN1 of_IO drugs_NN2 that_CST suffer_VV0 from_II low_JJ aqueous_JJ solubility_NN1 ._. 
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In_II another_DD1 formulation_NN1 (_( Formulation_NN1 C_ZZ1 )_) ,_, HRP_NP1 solution_NN1 (_( 1_MC1 mg_NNU of_IO HRP_NP1 in_II 1_MC1 ml_NNU of_IO PBS_NP1 )_) was_VBDZ added_VVN to_TO dry_VVI LuCI_JJ powder_NN1 (_( 50_MC mg_NNU )_) ,_, vortexed_VVD for_IF 1_MC1 min_NNU and_CC washed_VVN with_IW PBS_NP1 three_MC times_NNT2 (_( loading_VVG efficiency_NN1 ,_, =99%_FO )_) ._. 
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To_TO calculate_VVI lengths_NN2 of_IO these_DD2 single-stranded_JJ domains_NN2 that_CST should_VM not_XX strain_VVI the_AT DNA_NN1 structure_NN1 ,_, we_PPIS2 developed_VVD a_AT1 three-dimensional_JJ (_( 3D_NNU )_) model_NN1 at_II the_AT level_NN1 of_IO each_DD1 base_NN1 pair_NN (_( Fig_NN1 2c_FO ;_; Supplementary_JJ Fig_NN1 3_MC and_CC Supplementary_JJ Note_NN1 2.2_MC )_) ._. 
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Bioavailability_NP1 (_( F%_FO )_) relative_II21 to_II22 subcutaneous_JJ injection_NN1 was_VBDZ analyzed_VVN as_II the_AT following_JJ equation_NN1 :_: FORMULAR_NP1 ._. 
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The_AT increased_JJ stiffness_NN1 accompanied_VVN with_IW decrease_NN1 in_II elongation_NN1 at_II break_NN1 ._. 
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The_AT separation_NN1 between_II Co_NP1 2p1/2_FU peak_NN1 and_CC Co_NP1 2p3/2_FU peak_NN1 is_VBZ 15.9_MC eV_NN1 ,_, which_DDQ is_VBZ typical_JJ separation_NN1 value_NN1 of_IO Co3O4&lsqb;61&rsqb;_FO ._. 
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Patient_JJ clinical_JJ and_CC basic_JJ blood_NN1 analysis_NN1 characteristics_NN2 are_VBR summarized_VVN in_II Table_NN1 S1_FO (_( Supporting_JJ Information_NN1 )_) ._. 
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Sodium_NN1 content_NN1 found_VVD out_RP for_IF NaMMT_NN1 is_VBZ very_RG high_JJ (_( 19,072_MC ppm_NNU )_) compared_VVN to_II OMMT_NP1 clays_NN2 (_( 320_MC ppm_NNU )_) ._. 
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Through_II curve_NN1 fitting_NN1 ,_, the_AT adsorption_NN1 constants_NN2 (_( logK_NN1 )_) of_IO Zn2+_FO ,_, Zn(OH)+_FO ,_, and_CC Zn(OH)2_FO for_IF the_AT tested_JJ scrap_NN1 tire_VV0 samples_NN2 were_VBDR 3.13_MC ,_, 4.72_MC ,_, and_CC 5.93_MC ,_, respectively_RR ._. 
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The_AT lysate_NN1 was_VBDZ then_RT assayed_VVN for_IF its_APPGE DNA_NN1 content_NN1 using_VVG Picogreen_JJ dsDNA_NN1 Quantitation_NN1 kit_NN1 (_( Molecular_JJ Probes_NN2 )_) ._. 
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Next_MD we_PPIS2 studied_VVD the_AT stability_NN1 of_IO the_AT optimized_JJ photoelectrochemical_JJ cell_NN1 ._. 
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Specifically_RR ,_, mESCs_NN2 cultured_VVN on_II ephrinB2-Fc_NP1 gel_NN1 expressed_VVD mesoderm_NN1 marker_NN1 Brachyury_NN1 earlier_RRR than_CSN the_AT control_NN1 gel_NN1 ._. 
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We_PPIS2 derived_VVD a_AT1 delicate_JJ interplay_NN1 between_II the_AT electronic_JJ states_NN2 ,_, band_NN1 gaps_NN2 ,_, interface_VV0 bound_JJ charges_NN2 ,_, screening_VVG charges_NN2 ,_, ferroelectric_JJ polarization_NN1 ,_, distortion-induced_JJ shifts_NN2 ,_, and_CC changes_NN2 of_IO the_AT oxidation_NN1 state_NN1 ,_, leading_VVG to_II antiferromagnetic_JJ MnO2–BiO_NP1 and_CC ferromagnetic_JJ La0.7Sr0.3O–FeO2_NP1 terminated_VVD interfaces_NN2 ._. 
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Low_JJ resolution_NN1 micrographs_NN2 were_VBDR taken_VVN using_VVG a_AT1 Hitachi_NP1 S-3700N_FO analytical_JJ SEM_NN1 ._. 
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The_AT nanopipette_NN1 was_VBDZ advanced_VVN into_II the_AT soma_NN1 and_CC a_AT1 brief_JJ oscillation_NN1 was_VBDZ applied_VVN to_TO gain_VVI intracellular_JJ access_NN1 ._. 
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Microtexture_NN1 was_VBDZ investigated_VVN using_VVG electron_NN1 back_NN1 scatter_VV0 diffraction_NN1 (_( EBSD_NP1 )_) using_VVG standard_JJ sample_NN1 preparation_NN1 technique_NN1 followed_VVN by_II electropolishing_VVG ._. 
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A_AT1 similar_JJ trend_NN1 of_IO decreasing_JJ redshift_NN1 window_NN1 with_IW increased_JJ layer_NN1 thickness_NN1 is_VBZ also_RR displayed_VVN by_II n_ZZ1 =_FO 3_MC and_CC n_ZZ1 =_FO 4_MC RPP_NP1 flakes_NN2 (_( Supplementary_JJ Figs_NN2 5e–g_VV0 and_CC Fig_NN1 6_MC )_) ._. 
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The_AT first_MD part_NN1 is_VBZ atmospheric-impact_JJ analysis_NN1 around_II the_AT recycling_NN1 process_NN1 :_: air_NN1 quality_NN1 ,_, odor_NN1 ,_, scattered_JJ dust_NN1 ,_, noise_NN1 and_CC vibration_NN1 ,_, etc_RA ._. 
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The_AT yields_NN2 of_IO CH4_FO and_CC CH3OH_FO are_VBR 1.9_MC and_CC 3.3_MC mol_NN1 g–1_NN1 ,_, respectively_RR ,_, implying_VVG that_CST Au@g-C3N4_FO possesses_VVZ intrinsic_JJ preeminent_JJ charge_NN1 separation_NN1 and_CC transfer_NN1 effect_NN1 for_IF the_AT photoexcitation_NN1 during_II the_AT CO2_FO photocatalytic_JJ reduction_NN1 ._. 
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We_PPIS2 named_VVD each_DD1 DNA_NN1 probe_NN1 system_NN1 with_IW two_MC letters_NN2 ._. 
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Fig_NN1 3_MC (_( a_ZZ1 )_) Chemical_NN1 structures_NN2 of_IO the_AT &lsqb;_( Co(bpy)3_FO &rsqb;_) 3+/2+_FO and_CC &lsqb;_( Cu(tmby)2_FO &rsqb;_) 2+/+_FO redox_NN1 shuttles_NN2 ._. 
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Future_JJ steps_NN2 to_TO unlock_VVI the_AT full_JJ potential_NN1 of_IO the_AT BFCO-based_JJ PV_NN1 device_NN1 might_VM be_VBI achieved_VVN through_II optimizing_VVG microstructures_NN2 (_( porosity_NN1 and_CC surface_NN1 precipitates_VVZ )_) of_IO the_AT active_JJ material_NN1 ,_, (_( 59,73,74_MC )_) performing_VVG A-site_NN1 cosubstitution_NN1 and_CC oxygen_NN1 annealing_VVG to_TO minimize_VVI fluctuations_NN2 of_IO the_AT oxygen_NN1 stoichiometry_NN1 ,_, (_( 75-79_MCMC )_) and_CC performing_VVG interface_NN1 engineering_NN1 through_II the_AT incorporation_NN1 of_IO selective_JJ layers(80-82)_NN1 and_CC transparent_JJ oxide_NN1 electrodes(83)_FO to_TO facilitate_VVI charge_NN1 collection_NN1 and_CC extraction_NN1 ._. 
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It_PPH1 should_VM be_VBI noted_VVN that_CST the_AT urea_NN1 consumed_VVN over_RG 50_MC h_ZZ1 of_IO continuous_JJ operation_NN1 has_VHZ no_AT negative_JJ effect_NN1 on_II the_AT electrolysis_NN1 current_NN1 (_( see_VV0 more_DAR discussion_NN1 in_II Fig_NN1 S22_FO ,_, ESI_NP1 )_) ._. 
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<s>
Zener_NN1 ratio_NN1 b_ZZ1 )_) ratio_NN1 of_IO mean_JJ Young_JJ '_NULL s_ZZ1 modulus_NN1 to_II Hashin-Shtrikman_NP1 bound_VVD c_ZZ1 )_) ratio_NN1 of_IO bulk_NN1 modulus_NN1 to_II Hashin-Shtrikman_NP1 bound_VVD ._. 
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<s>
IL-2_MC produced_VVN by_II splenocyte_NN1 T_ZZ1 cells_NN2 after_CS T_ZZ1 cells_NN2 were_VBDR challenged_VVN with_IW dead_JJ P._NN1 aeruginosa_NN1 (_( n_ZZ1 =_FO 5_MC )_) for_IF 72_MC h_ZZ1 p_ZZ1 =_FO 0.001_MC ._. 
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<s>
For_IF each_DD1 sample_NN1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 calculated_JJ critical_JJ length_NN1 ,_, the_AT fiber_NN1 ultimate_JJ tensile_JJ strength_NN1 f_ZZ1 at_II the_AT critical_JJ length_NN1 was_VBDZ calculated_VVN using_VVG a_AT1 simple_JJ weakest-link_JJ scaling_NN1 function_NN1 &lsqb;_( 23_MC &rsqb;_) :_: FORMULA_NN1 ,_, where_CS f_ZZ1 is_VBZ the_AT mean_JJ fiber_NN1 tensile_JJ strength_NN1 at_II the_AT critical_JJ length_NN1 ,_, 0_MC is_VBZ the_AT measured_JJ mean_JJ fiber_NN1 tensile_JJ strength_NN1 from_II tensile_JJ tests_NN2 ,_, lc_NNU is_VBZ the_AT fiber_NN1 critical_JJ length_NN1 ,_, l0_FO is_VBZ the_AT fiber_NN1 length_NN1 (_( 25_MC mm_NNU in_II this_DD1 study_NN1 )_) ,_, and_CC β_NULL is_VBZ the_AT Weibull_NP1 shape_NN1 parameter_NN1 determined_VVN from_II the_AT tensile_JJ test_NN1 results_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
In_RR21 addition_RR22 ,_, we_PPIS2 maximized_VVD the_AT possibility_NN1 that_CST the_AT proteins_NN2 could_VM rotate_VVI and_CC sample_VVI all_DB orientations_NN2 in_II the_AT nanopore_NN1 by_II employing_VVG long_JJ and_CC flexible_JJ tethers_VVZ (_( Fig_NN1 2_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
VDP_NP1 constructs_NN2 smallest_JJT possible_JJ polyhedra_NN1 by_II creating_VVG planes_NN2 perpendicular_NN1 to_II interatomic_JJ line_NN1 segments_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
However_RR ,_, Tp_NP1 values_NN2 of_IO the_AT samples_NN2 filled_VVN with_IW CNT_NP1 nanoparticles_NN2 were_VBDR higher_JJR than_CSN the_AT samples_NN2 filled_VVN with_IW CB_FO and_CC F._NP1 The_AT fact_NN1 that_CST the_AT CNT_NP1 filled_VVD nanocomposites_NN2 exhibited_VVD the_AT lowest_JJT degree_NN1 of_IO supercooling_NN1 meant_VVD that_CST CNT_NP1 was_VBDZ more_RGR effective_JJ heterogeneous_JJ nucleating_JJ agent_NN1 as_CSA compared_VVN with_IW the_AT other_JJ carbonaceous_JJ fillers_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
However_RR ,_, the_AT solid_JJ TiCx_NN1 has_VHZ a_AT1 higher_JJR C_ZZ1 concentration_NN1 than_CSN liquid_JJ such_CS21 that_CS22 the_AT C_NP1 in_II TiCx_NP1 does_VDZ not_XX "_" need_VV0 "_" to_TO diffuse_VVI back_RP to_II liquid_NN1 ,_, thus_RR resulting_VVG in_II little_JJ solute_NN1 trapping_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT activity_NN1 of_IO ALDH_NN1 that_CST is_VBZ a_AT1 marker_NN1 for_IF the_AT malignancy_NN1 of_IO osteosarcoma_NN1 &lsqb;_( 24_MC &rsqb;_) was_VBDZ tested_VVN ._. 
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<s>
Push-out_NN1 tests_NN2 are_VBR not_XX conducted_VVN since_II an_AT1 obvious_JJ macro_JJ form_NN1 fit_NN1 is_VBZ present_JJ ._. 
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<s>
The_AT intralayer_NN1 interactions_NN2 within_II the_AT dragged_VVN graphene_NN1 monolayer_NN1 were_VBDR described_VVN using_VVG the_AT second_MD generation_NN1 REBO_NN1 potential24_FO ._. 
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<s>
The_AT high_JJ opacity_NN1 of_IO the_AT sample_NN1 at_II elevated_JJ temperatures_NN2 may_VM be_VBI attributed_VVN to_II a_AT1 large_JJ NW_ND1 absorption_NN1 crosssection_NN1 on_II the_AT order_NN1 of_IO 10-12_MCMC cm2_FO at_II 500_MC nm_FU (_( see_VV0 the_AT Supporting_JJ Information_NN1 for_IF methodology_NN1 )_) ._. 
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<s>
A_AT1 total_NN1 of_IO 20_MC nM_FU Phalloidin_NP1 conjugated_VVD with_IW Alexa_NP1 Fluor_NP1 546_MC (_( Invitrogen_NP1 )_) was_VBDZ used_VVN to_TO stain_VVI the_AT filamentous_JJ actin_NN1 ._. 
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Ei_NP1 where_RRQ E_ZZ1 is_VBZ the_AT total_JJ energy_NN1 of_IO the_AT MgxZnyAlx_NN1 supercell_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
A_AT1 tentative_JJ fitting_NN1 of_IO the_AT E_ZZ1 '_NULL profiles_NN2 to_II a_AT1 single_JJ Gaussian_JJ function_NN1 has_VHZ been_VBN performed_VVN and_CC can_VM be_VBI identified_VVN by_II red_JJ lines_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
For_IF further_JJR characterization_NN1 ,_, we_PPIS2 selected_VVD the_AT most_RGT representative_JJ formulations_NN2 containing_VVG CD_NN1 ,_, β_NULL CD_NN1 ,_, γ_NULL CD_NN1 ,_, CDSuc_NP1 ,_, and_CC β_NULL CDSuc_NP1 ,_, which_DDQ all_DB produced_VVD transparent_JJ materials_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT SA_NP1 weld_NN1 metal_NN1 is_VBZ also_RR expected_VVN to_TO have_VHI a_AT1 lower_JJR carbon_NN1 content_NN1 ,_, owing_II21 to_II22 the_AT lower_JJR levels_NN2 of_IO dilution_NN1 and_CC carbon_NN1 in_II SA_NP1 weld_NN1 filler_NN1 (_( Table_NN1 1_MC1 )_) ._. 
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<s>
Compare_VV0 to_II neat_JJ WEP_NN1 ,_, the_AT thermal_JJ conductivity_NN1 coefficients_NN2 of_IO the_AT GO/WEP_VV0 and_CC the_AT CNT/WEP_NN1 composites_NN2 was_VBDZ improved_VVN about_RPK to_TO 30–150%_FO ._. 
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<s>
The_AT high-surrounding_JJ PVDF_NP1 increases_VVZ the_AT on-state_JJ electron_NN1 currents_NN2 and_CC shifts_VVZ the_AT VT_NP1 negatively_RR ,_, consistent_JJ with_IW the_AT trends_NN2 exhibited_VVN by_II the_AT NW_ND1 array_NN1 examples_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Figure_NN1 7_MC shows_NN2 scanning_VVG electron_NN1 micrographs_NN2 of_IO crosssections_NN2 of_IO allaramid_JJ composites_NN2 prepared_VVN in_II two_MC solvents_NN2 with_IW varying_JJ immersion_NN1 times_NNT2 ._. 
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<s>
His_APPGE research_NN1 focuses_VVZ on_II laser_NN1 micronanofabrication_NN1 and_CC their_APPGE applications_NN2 in_II microoptics_NN2 ,_, micromachines_NN2 ,_, microfluids_NN2 ,_, and_CC microsensors_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT tissues_NN2 were_VBDR mechanically_RR minced_VVN into_II small_JJ pieces_NN2 using_VVG a_AT1 sterile_JJ scalpel_NN1 and_CC enzymatically_RR digested_VVN with_IW 1_MC1 mg/mL_NNU of_IO Collagenase_NP1 (_( Sigma-Aldrich_NP1 )_) and_CC 100_MC U/ml_FU of_IO Hyaluronidase_NN1 for_IF 6_MC h_ZZ1 with_IW medium_NN1 of_IO similar_JJ composition_NN1 to_II that_DD1 of_IO the_AT transportation_NN1 media_NN at_II 37_MC °C_NNU ._. 
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<s>
The_AT results_NN2 demonstrated_VVD that_CST the_AT cell_NN1 adhesion_NN1 affinities_NN2 of_IO PEGDA/GelMA_NP1 were_VBDR correlated_VVN with_IW the_AT GelMA_NP1 content_NN1 and_CC such_DA correlation_NN1 was_VBDZ independent_JJ of_IO the_AT PEGDA_NN1 concentration_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Macropores_NP1 remain_VV0 unable_JK to_TO hold_VVI the_AT liquid_JJ PCMs_NP1 at_II higher_JJR temperature_NN1 for_IF lengthier_JJR cycles_NN2 and_CC cause_NN1 leakage_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
For_IF all_DB photocatalytic_JJ reactions_NN2 ,_, but_CCB in_RR21 particular_RR22 for_IF the_AT conversion_NN1 reactions_NN2 it_PPH1 is_VBZ important_JJ that_CST the_AT photocatalytic_JJ process_NN1 also_RR harnesses_VVZ the_AT visible_JJ part_NN1 of_IO the_AT solar_JJ light_NN1 (_( point_NN1 8_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
We_PPIS2 found_VVD it_PPH1 is_VBZ possible_JJ to_TO manipulate_VVI the_AT vortex/meron_NN1 pairs_NN2 by_II the_AT application_NN1 of_IO moderate_JJ magnetic_JJ fields_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Finally_RR ,_, the_AT material_NN1 what_DDQ we_PPIS2 expected_VVD was_VBDZ acquired_VVN by_II mixing_VVG L-Arg@PCN_FO and_CC cell_NN1 membrane_NN1 and_CC then_RT physical_JJ extrusion_NN1 with_IW Avanti_JJ mini_JJ extruder_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Fig_NN1 1b_FO shows_VVZ the_AT surface_NN1 state_NN1 of_IO the_AT nylon_NN1 and_CC polyurethane_NN1 fabric_NN1 (_( top_NN1 )_) and_CC the_AT weave_NN1 of_IO the_AT fabric_NN1 can_VM be_VBI confirmed_VVN by_II SEM_NP1 image_NN1 (_( bottom_NN1 )_) ._. 
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<s>
The_AT cooling_JJ ramp_NN1 was_VBDZ set_VVN to_II 15_MC °C/min_NNU ._. 
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<s>
Moreover_RR ,_, the_AT Co3O4_FO would_VM be_VBI decomposed_VVN into_II CoO_NP1 and_CC Li2O_FO ,_, and_CC the_AT main_JJ conversion_NN1 is_VBZ gradually_RR fading_VVG ,_, which_DDQ was_VBDZ demonstrated_VVN in_II Fig_NN1 S6_FO ._. 
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<s>
The_AT crude_JJ peptide_NN1 was_VBDZ dissolved_VVN in_II 0.1%_FO NH4OH_FO (_( aq._NNU )_) ,_, filtered_VVD using_VVG a_AT1 0.2_MC m_NNO syringe_NN1 filter_NN1 and_CC subjected_VVN to_II HPLC_NP1 purification_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Sodium_NN1 is_VBZ much_RR more_RGR natural_JJ abundance_NN1 and_CC more_RGR importantly_RR SIB_NP1 industry_NN1 can_VM share_VVI facilities_NN2 and_CC technologies_NN2 from_II LIB_NN1 because_II21 of_II22 the_AT similarities_NN2 of_IO physical_JJ and_CC chemical_JJ properties_NN2 between_II Li_NP1 and_CC Na_FO &lsqb;_( 7_MC &rsqb;_) ._. 
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<s>
No_AT particulars_NN2 in_II their_APPGE history_NN1 predicted_VVD re-fracture_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Widely_RR differing_JJ number_NN1 of_IO signals_NN2 and_CC composition_NN1 dependence_NN1 of_IO the_AT traces_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT integration_NN1 of_IO the_AT sufficient_JJ covalent_JJ bonding_NN1 and_CC the_AT best_JJT mechanical_JJ interlocking_NN1 at_II the_AT interface_NN1 region_NN1 resulted_VVN from_II the_AT most_RRT amine_VV0 groups_NN2 and_CC the_AT biggest_JJT surface_NN1 roughness_NN1 of_IO CF-G3-POSS-NH2_NN1 could_VM be_VBI beneficial_JJ to_II the_AT interfacial_JJ enhancement_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT aqueous_JJ solution_NN1 of_IO NCNDs_NP1 was_VBDZ then_RT lyophilized_VVN to_TO give_VVI a_AT1 brownish_JJ solid_NN1 (_( NCNDs_NP1 :_: 23.0_MC mg_NNU )_) ._. 
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<s>
However_RR ,_, the_AT content_NN1 of_IO Fn_NP1 adsorption_NN1 in_II the_AT softer_JJR scaffold_NN1 was_VBDZ detected_VVN to_TO be_VBI similar_JJ to_II that_DD1 in_II the_AT stiffer_JJR scaffold_NN1 (_( Supporting_JJ Information_NN1 )_) ._. 
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<s>
The_AT solution_NN1 was_VBDZ centrifuged_VVN at_II 13_MC 000_MC rpm_NNU for_IF 20_MC min_NNU to_TO remove_VVI any_DD unbound_JJ biomolecules_NN2 and_CC was_VBDZ resuspended_VVN with_IW 100_MC mL_NNU 50_MC ×_II 10-3_MCMC m_NNU ammonium_NN1 bicarbonate_NN1 buffer_NN1 (_( containing_VVG 500_MC ×_II 10-3_MCMC m_NNU sodium_NN1 chloride_NN1 ,_, pH_NN1 8.5_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
These_DD2 samples_NN2 were_VBDR dealloyed_VVN using_VVG protocols_NN2 called_VVN out_RP in_II the_AT text_NN1 of_IO the_AT manuscript_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT Kd_NP1 values_NN2 of_IO free_JJ Ap_NP1 and_CC Ap–Fg_NP1 are_VBR -160_MC and_CC 240_MC nM_FU ,_, respectively_RR ._. 
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<s>
Post_NN1 sedation_NN1 ,_, isoflurane_NN1 was_VBDZ delivered_VVN from_II a_AT1 precision_NN1 vaporizer_NN1 (_( 1.5–3%_FO )_) in_II 100%_NNU O2_FO via_II face_NN1 mask_NN1 during_II the_AT surgery_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
A_AT1 strong_JJ chirality_NN1 dependence_NN1 is_VBZ found_VVN for_IF defect-state_JJ decay_NN1 times_NNT2 (_( increasing_JJ as_CSA diameter_NN1 decreases_VVZ and_CC ranging_VVG from_II 75_MC ps_NN2 for_IF (_( 7_MC ,_, 5_MC )_) nanotubes_VVZ to_II above_II 600_MC ps_NN2 for_IF (_( 5_MC ,_, 4_MC )_) (_( ref._NN1 42_MC )_) ,_, an_AT1 important_JJ factor_NN1 to_TO take_VVI into_II account_NN1 in_II designing_VVG systems_NN2 that_CST exploit_VV0 the_AT localization_NN1 behaviour_NN1 for_IF single-photon_JJ emission_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
It_PPH1 also_RR indicated_VVD that_CST the_AT giant_JJ magnetostriction_NN1 of_IO MR_NNB foam_NN1 strongly_RR depended_VVN on_II their_APPGE cellular_JJ structure_NN1 ,_, such_II21 as_II22 cell_NN1 size_NN1 ,_, porosity_NN1 and_RR31 so_RR32 on_RR33 ._. 
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<s>
Metastable_JJ DNA_NN1 hairpins_NN2 tethering_VVG to_II DNA_NN1 origami_NN2 rectangle_NN1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 surface_NN1 via_II modified_JJ staple_NN1 strands_NN2 through_II the_AT anchor_NN1 domains_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Inverse_JJ pole_NN1 figure_NN1 (_( IPF_NP1 )_) orientation_NN1 mapping_NN1 (_( orientations_NN2 defined_VVN with_II31 respect_II32 to_II33 the_AT out_II21 of_II22 plane_NN1 direction_NN1 )_) shows_VVZ that_CST grains_NN2 had_VHD the_AT same_DA irregular_JJ morphology_NN1 ,_, with_IW slight_JJ elongation_NN1 along_II the_AT build_NN1 direction_NN1 ,_, regardless_RR of_IO build_NN1 geometry_NN1 or_CC distance_NN1 from_II the_AT baseplate_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Among_II the_AT available_JJ choices_NN2 ,_, laser_NN1 beam_NN1 welding_NN1 (_( LBW_RR )_) is_VBZ a_AT1 fast_JJ process_NN1 that_CST also_RR is_VBZ considered_VVN to_TO be_VBI easily_RR automated_JJ ._. 
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<s>
In_II summary_NN1 ,_, the_AT effect_NN1 of_IO the_AT additional_JJ elements_NN2 X_ZZ1 with_IW different_JJ atomic_JJ lattice_NN1 structure_NN1 ,_, including_II fcc-Al_NP1 ,_, bcc-Ba_NP1 ,_, fcc-Ca_NP1 ,_, bct-Sn_NN1 ,_, hcp-Y_NP1 ,_, Gd_JJ and_CC Zn_NP1 ,_, on_II the_AT growth_NN1 behavior_NN1 of_IO the_AT -Mg_JJ dendrite_NN1 is_VBZ investigated_VVN in_II31 terms_II32 of_II33 the_AT crystallographic_JJ anisotropy_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Inherent_JJ viscosities_NN2 of_IO the_AT powder_NN1 samples_NN2 were_VBDR measured_VVN using_VVG a_AT1 thermo-controlled_JJ Ubbelohde_NN1 viscometer_NN1 ,_, polymer_NN1 concentrations_NN2 were_VBDR 0.5g·dl1_FO at_II 25_MC °C_NNU in_II concentrated_JJ sulfuric_JJ acid_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
It_PPH1 is_VBZ noteworthy_JJ that_CST with_IW cylinder-forming_JJ BCPs_NP1 ,_, oblate_VV0 ellipsoids_NN2 are_VBR obtained_VVN (_( Figure_NN1 1_MC1 )_) ,_, whereas_CS the_AT use_NN1 of_IO lamellae-forming_JJ BCPs_NP1 results_NN2 in_II the_AT formation_NN1 of_IO prolate_NN1 particles_NN2 (_( Figure_NN1 2_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
(_( 10-12,14,16_MCMC )_) Importantly_RR ,_, the_AT monodispersity_NN1 of_IO the_AT prolate_NN1 particles_NN2 were_VBDR nearly_RR maintained_VVN during_II the_AT PRSE_NN1 process_NN1 ,_, similar_JJ to_II the_AT case_NN1 of_IO oblate_NN1 ellipsoids_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
It_PPH1 is_VBZ known_VVN that_CST CTCs_NN2 lose_VV0 EpCAM_NN1 when_CS they_PPHS2 undergo_VV0 the_AT epithelial_JJ to_II mesenchymal_JJ transition_NN1 (_( EMT_NP1 )_) during_II cancer_NN1 progression_NN1 21,22_MC ,_, and_CC therefore_RR tracking_VVG this_DD1 marker_NN1 should_VM allow_VVI EMT_NN1 to_TO be_VBI monitored_VVN ._. 
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<s>
Hybrid_JJ diimidazolium-based_JJ ionogels_NN2 were_VBDR obtained_VVN by_II dispersing_VVG nitrogen-doped_JJ carbon_NN1 nanodots_NN2 (_( NCNDs_NP1 )_) in_II ionic_JJ liquid_NN1 (_( IL_FW )_) solutions_NN2 and_CC by_II using_VVG dicationic_JJ organic_JJ salts_NN2 as_CSA gelators_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Co_NP1 was_VBDZ deposited_VVN with_IW a_AT1 rate_NN1 of_IO approximately_RR 0.2_MC nm_FU min-1_MC1 onto_II Ir(100)-_NN1 (_( 2_VV0 ×_II 1_MC1 )_) -O_NP1 at_II 280_MC K_ZZ1 in_II oxygen_NN1 (_( 6_MC ×_II 10-6_MCMC mbar_NN1 )_) followed_VVD by_II annealing_VVG to_II 520_MC K._NP1 Approximately_RR 15_MC MLs_NNU2 (_( 3_MC nm_FU )_) of_IO metallic_JJ Co_NN1 were_VBDR deposited_VVN ,_, leading_VVG to_II the_AT formation_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 Co3O4(111)_FO film_NN1 with_IW a_AT1 thickness_NN1 of_IO 4.5_MC nm_FU ._. 
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<s>
The_AT mixture_NN1 was_VBDZ then_RT transferred_VVN to_II 1_MC1 M_ZZ1 NaCl/PBS_FU to_TO allow_VVI the_AT assembly_NN1 of_IO the_AT tF_NNU nanocage_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
This_DD1 ,_, however_RR ,_, should_VM be_VBI sufficient_JJ for_IF realizing_VVG the_AT regime_NN1 of_IO negative-trion_JJ optical_JJ gain_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
L.N._NP1 was_VBDZ supported_VVN for_IF the_AT RBS_NP1 work_NN1 by_II the_AT University_NN1 of_IO Tennessee_NP1 Governor_NN1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 Chair_NN1 program_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT polymers_NN2 were_VBDR collected_VVN by_II precipitation_NN1 into_II 90%_NNU pentane/10%_FU ether_NN1 followed_VVN by_II vacuum-drying_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
A_AT1 similar_JJ procedure_NN1 as_CSA reported_VVN previously_RR &lsqb;_( 29_MC &rsqb;_) was_VBDZ applied_VVN to_TO introduce_VVI the_AT amino_NN1 group_NN1 to_II glass_NN1 fibril_NN1 surface_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Fig_NN1 10_MC Tensile_JJ strength_NN1 of_IO PA6_FO composites_NN2 plotted_VVN against_II their_APPGE composition_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Moreover_RR ,_, this_DD1 diffusional_JJ regulation_NN1 may_VM dynamically_RR change_VVI as_II a_AT1 consequence_NN1 of_IO synaptic_JJ activity9_FO ._. 
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<s>
We_PPIS2 have_VH0 demonstrated_VVN that_DD1 integration_NN1 of_IO ZMWs_NP1 with_IW nanopores_NN2 allows_VVZ DNA_NN1 loading_NN1 for_IF SMRT_NP1 sequencing_NN1 from_II unprecedentedly_RR small_JJ input_NN1 quantities_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Then_RT the_AT corresponding_JJ polarized_JJ electric_JJ field_NN1 has_VHZ an_AT1 effect_NN1 on_II carriers_NN2 in_II the_AT semiconductor_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT LiCl_NN1 content_NN1 in_II the_AT PA6/LiCl_NN1 blends_NN2 was_VBDZ 0%_NNU ,_, 0.5%_FO ,_, 1.0%_FO ,_, 1.5%_FO ,_, 2.0%_FO ,_, 2.5%_FO ,_, and_CC 3.0%_FO ._. 
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<s>
Eu_NP1 ,_, Gd_JJ ,_, Lu_NP1 )_) are_VBR isostructural_JJ in_II a_AT1 row_NN1 and_CC their_APPGE powder_NN1 patterns_NN2 correspond_VV0 to_II the_AT individual_NN1 compounds_VVZ indexable_JJ in_II P21/c_FU ,_, a_ZZ1 =_FO 14.87_MC A_ZZ1 ,_, b_ZZ1 =_FO 13.24_MC A_ZZ1 ,_, c_ZZ1 =_FO 20.20_MC A_ZZ1 ,_, β_NULL =_FO 104.1°_FO (_( for_IF Eu(L2)_FO (_( HL2_FO )_) ,_, see_VV0 Figure_NN1 3b_FO )_) ._. 
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<s>
The_AT depth_NN1 of_IO discolouration_NN1 increased_VVN with_IW exposure_NN1 time_NNT1 ._. 
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<s>
Few_DA2 cells_NN2 have_VH0 entered_VVN the_AT scaffold_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Interstitial_JJ oxygen_NN1 is_VBZ expected_VVN to_TO have_VHI an_AT1 important_JJ role_NN1 in_II the_AT mechanical_JJ deformation_NN1 modes_NN2 and_CC protection_NN1 of_IO the_AT metallic_JJ surface_NN1 ,_, resulting_VVG in_II high_JJ mechanical_JJ strength_NN1 and_CC corrosion_NN1 resistance_NN1 ,_, as_CSA indicated_VVN before_RT in_II the_AT literature_NN1 &lsqb;_( 17,44_MC &rsqb;_) ._. 
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<s>
That_DD1 both_RR filipin_NN1 and_CC sodium_NN1 azide_NN1 significantly_RR blocked_VVN uptake_NN1 demonstrated_VVD that_CST APP1i@e_FO NPs_NP1 were_VBDR trafficked_VVN by_II caveolae-mediated_JJ endocytic_JJ pathway_NN1 with_IW energy_NN1 expenditure_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Inflammatory_JJ bowel_NN1 disease_NN1 (_( IBD_NP1 )_) ,_, including_II ulcerative_JJ colitis_NN1 and_CC Crohn_NP1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 disease_NN1 ,_, is_VBZ chronic_JJ ,_, relapsing_VVG and_CC medically_RR incurable_JJ inflammatory_JJ disorders_NN2 of_IO the_AT intestine_NN1 &lsqb;_( 1_MC1 &rsqb;_) ._. 
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<s>
As_II a_AT1 result_NN1 ,_, the_AT behaviors_NN2 of_IO transient_JJ current_JJ It_NN1 with_IW the_AT bias_NN1 voltage_NN1 are_VBR mainly_RR controlled_VVN by_II the_AT p-n_ZZ1 junction_NN1 model_NN1 as_II the_AT log-linear_JJ model_NN1 in_II Fig_NN1 S8a&lsqb;44&rsqb;_FO ._. 
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<s>
On_II the_AT contrary_NN1 ,_, present_JJ study_NN1 where_CS the_AT VEC_NN1 increases_VVZ with_IW substitution_NN1 shows_VVZ a_AT1 reverse_JJ behavior_NN1 as_CSA Tstr_NP1 decreases_VVZ with_IW increasing_VVG the_AT VEC_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Composition_NN1 gradient_NN1 is_VBZ controlled_VVN by_II molten_JJ pool_NN1 and_CC adding_VVG alloy_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Uncertainty_NN1 in_II sample_NN1 dimensions_NN2 was_VBDZ thus_RR essentially_RR canceled_VVN out_RP in_II the_AT relative_JJ difference_NN1 in_II modulus_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
To_TO investigate_VVI the_AT effects_NN2 of_IO the_AT variation_NN1 in_II impact_NN1 angle_NN1 on_II the_AT weld_NN1 characteristics_NN2 ,_, a_AT1 range_NN1 of_IO impact_NN1 angles_NN2 was_VBDZ provided_VVN by_II the_AT prefixed_JJ grooves_NN2 on_II the_AT target_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
GP_NN1 priors_NN2 have_VH0 been_VBN successfully_RR used_VVN as_CSA priors_NN2 in_II a_AT1 wide_JJ range_NN1 of_IO applications_NN2 to_TO model_VVI the_AT potential_JJ biases_NN2 of_IO computer_NN1 simulators_NN2 where_RRQ a_AT1 prior_RR the_AT functional_JJ form_NN1 of_IO the_AT bias_NN1 function_NN1 is_VBZ unknown_JJ &lsqb;_( 43,46_MC ,_, &lsqb;_( 53_MC &rsqb;_) ,_, &lsqb;_( 54_MC &rsqb;_) ,_, &lsqb;_( 55_MC &rsqb;_) ,_, &lsqb;_( 56_MC &rsqb;_) ,_, &lsqb;_( 57_MC &rsqb;_) &rsqb;_) ._. 
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In_II most_DAT cases_NN2 one_MC1 unit-cell-thick_JJ STO_NN1 was_VBDZ not_XX enough_RR to_TO stabilize_VVI &lsqb;_( SRO_NP1 &rsqb;_) 1_MC1 ,_, which_DDQ is_VBZ likely_JJ due_II21 to_II22 surface_NN1 defects_NN2 allowing_VVG electrolyte_NN1 penetration_NN1 to_II the_AT SRO_NP1 ._. 
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In_RR21 addition_RR22 ,_, HES-based_JJ spheroids_NN2 showed_VVD significantly_RR greater_JJR VEGF_NN1 secretion_NN1 than_CSN spheroids_NN2 grown_VVN on_II a_AT1 commercially_RR available_JJ low-attachment_JJ culture_NN1 plate_NN1 ._. 
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To_TO lower_VVI Z_ZZ1 ,_, the_AT surface_NN1 tension_NN1 must_VM be_VBI reduced_VVN and_CC the_AT viscosity_NN1 increased_VVD using_VVG additives_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Fig_NN1 4_MC :_: Reduction_NN1 and_CC disordering_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 spherical_JJ nanoparticle_NN1 during_II and_CC after_CS high-pressure_JJ hydrogenation_NN1 ._. 
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The_AT results_NN2 of_IO UV–vis_NP1 spectrophotometer_NN1 confirmed_VVD MWCNTs_NP1 had_VHD best_JJT dispersion_NN1 in_II that_DD1 sizing_JJ agent_NN1 compared_VVN to_II MWCNTPEI/NMP_NP1 suspension_NN1 and_CC acidtreated_VVN MWCNT_NP1 (_( MWCNTCOOH_NP1 )_) /NMP_VV0 suspension_NN1 ._. 
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Internalization_NN1 rate_NN1 was_VBDZ normalized_VVN to_II initial_JJ time_NNT1 (_( t_ZZ1 =_FO 0_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
This_DD1 phenomenon_NN1 of_IO epitaxial_JJ growth_NN1 on_II the_AT secondary_JJ arms_NN2 has_VHZ already_RR been_VBN described_VVN Dinda_NP1 et_RA21 al_RA22 (_( 2012_MC )_) for_IF cladding_NN1 ._. 
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Fig_NN1 5_MC Toxicity_NN1 in_II LNCaP_NP1 tumor_NN1 bearing_VVG mouse_NN1 model_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Fig_NN1 7_MC Grain_NN1 size_NN1 distributions_NN2 of_IO samples_NN2 sintered_VVD at_II 1050_MC °C_NNU with_IW no_AT dwell_VV0 under_II pressures_NN2 of_IO 500–800_MCMC MPa_NP1 ._. 
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<s>
However_RR ,_, the_AT large_JJ diameter_NN1 of_IO K_ZZ1 ions_NN2 (_( 1.38_MC A_ZZ1 )_) makes_VVZ them_PPHO2 difficult_JJ to_TO into/from_II the_AT electrode_NN1 materials_NN2 ,_, thus_RR leading_VVG to_II low_JJ capacity_NN1 and_CC poor_JJ rate_NN1 performance_NN1 ._. 
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Both_DB2 inflammations_NN2 were_VBDR characterized_VVN by_II polymorphonuclear_JJ and_CC mononuclear_JJ cells_NN2 ,_, intermixed_VVD with_IW fibroblastic_JJ proliferation_NN1 and_CC scant_JJ collagen_NN1 deposition_NN1 (_( Figure_NN1 S11_FO ,_, Supporting_JJ Information_NN1 )_) ._. 
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<s>
The_AT stress_NN1 relaxation_NN1 of_IO composites_NN2 resulting_VVG from_II urethane_NN1 bond_NN1 exchange_NN1 is_VBZ a_AT1 kinetic_JJ process_NN1 ,_, which_DDQ is_VBZ strongly_RR coupled_VVN to_II the_AT composition_NN1 and_CC temperature_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Thus_RR the_AT model_NN1 predicts_VVZ a_AT1 transition_NN1 to_II a_AT1 dpa_NN1 rate_NN1 condition_NN1 where_CS there_EX are_VBR no_AT precipitates_NN2 found_VVN to_TO occur_VVI somewhere_RL between_II 105_MC and_CC 104_MC dpa/s_FU ._. 
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<s>
This_DD1 technique_NN1 can_VM assemble_VVI 3D_NNU structures_NN2 with_IW a_AT1 wide_JJ range_NN1 of_IO material_NN1 types_NN2 in_II both_DB2 the_AT millimeter_NN1 and_CC microscale_NN1 ,_, and_CC more_RGR importantly_RR ,_, allows_VVZ reversible_JJ control_NN1 of_IO the_AT 3D_NNU configurations_NN2 ,_, which_DDQ has_VHZ potential_JJ application_NN1 in_II reconfigurable_JJ metamaterials_NN2 ._. 
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In_II the_AT second_MD stage_NN1 (_( 450–600_MCMC °C_NNU )_) ,_, the_AT weight_NN1 loss_NN1 of_IO GE/SR_NP1 and_CC PGE/SR_NP1 was_VBDZ consistent_JJ with_IW the_AT decomposition_NN1 tendency_NN1 of_IO SR_NP1 component_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Also_RR ,_, to_TO address_VVI IP_NP1 and_CC OP_NN1 dipoles_NN2 in_II our_APPGE 2D_NNU k-space_JJ spectroscopy_NN1 ,_, the_AT excitation_NN1 beam_NN1 was_VBDZ p-polarized_JJ and_CC we_PPIS2 scanned_VVD the_AT excitation_NN1 k-vectors_NN2 along_RP ._. 
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We_PPIS2 show_VV0 in_II Fig_NN1 2a_FO ,_, b_ZZ1 that_CST the_AT time_NNT1 correlations_NN2 of_IO q_ZZ1 and_CC vq_NNU oscillate_VV0 over_RP several_DA2 periods_NN2 before_II being_VBG damped_VVN ,_, thereby_RR demonstrating_VVG that_CST both_RR density_NN1 and_CC velocity_NN1 waves_NN2 propagate_VV0 in_II the_AT active_JJ liquid_NN1 (_( see_VV0 also_RR Supplementary_JJ Movies_NN2 2_MC and_CC 3_MC )_) ._. 
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Rapid_JJ mixing_NN1 was_VBDZ achieved_VVN by_II carefully_RR but_CCB quickly_RR pipetting_VVG the_AT whole_JJ volume_NN1 for_IF a_AT1 minute_NNT1 without_IW generation_NN1 of_IO air_NN1 bubbles_NN2 or_CC loss_NN1 of_IO material_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
All_DB chemicals_NN2 ,_, including_II (_( 3-aminopropyl_NN1 )_) trimethoxysilane_NN1 (_( APS_NP2 )_) (_( Sigma_NN1 Aldrich_NP1 )_) ,_, nGF_NNU (_( FM_NN1 1700_MC ,_, Nipon_NP1 Inorganic_JJ Colour_NN1 Chem._NP1 ,_, Japan_NP1 )_) ,_, ethanol_NN1 ,_, HCl_NP1 (_( 37_MC wt_NN1 %_NNU )_) ,_, and_CC toluene_NN1 (_( Tianjin_NP1 Yongda_NP1 Chem._NP1 ,_, China_NP1 )_) ,_, were_VBDR used_VVN as_CSA received_VVN ._. 
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<s>
The_AT presence_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 thin_JJ native_JJ oxide_NN1 layer_NN1 on_II the_AT copper_NN1 electrode_NN1 strip_NN1 would_VM cause_VVI higher_JJR than_CSN normal_JJ contact_NN1 resistance_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
CuHCF_VV0 nanoparticles_NN2 with_IW lattice_NN1 parameter_NN1 of_IO 10.1_MC A_ZZ1 were_VBDR synthesized_VVN and_CC worked_VVN as_II the_AT cathode_NN1 material_NN1 for_IF ZIBs_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT substrate_NN1 was_VBDZ rotated_VVN during_II the_AT deposition_NN1 at_II a_AT1 low_JJ speed_NN1 to_TO enhance_VVI the_AT thickness_NN1 uniformity_NN1 of_IO the_AT films_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Quantitative_JJ analysis_NN1 was_VBDZ conducted_VVN using_VVG the_AT peak-to-peak_JJ height_NN1 of_IO the_AT Auger_NN1 transitions_NN2 of_IO a_AT1 specific_JJ element_NN1 together_RL with_IW sensitivity_NN1 factors_NN2 (_( delivered_VVN by_II PHI_NN1 )_) ._. 
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<s>
High_JJ faradaic_JJ efficiency_NN1 (_( FE_FO )_) CO2_FO electroreduction_NN1 to_II CO_NP1 at_II low_JJ overpotential_JJ has_VHZ already_RR been_VBN demonstrated_VVN ,_, 14_MC and_CC a_AT1 few_DA2 start-up_JJ companies_NN2 are_VBR working_VVG to_TO commercialize_VVI this_DD1 technology.34_FO The_AT next_MD case_NN1 considered_VVN is_VBZ the_AT direct_JJ electroreduction_NN1 of_IO CO2_FO to_II ethanol_NN1 (_( CO2–C2H5OH_NP1 )_) ._. 
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<s>
Furthermore_RR ,_, the_AT merge_VV0 of_IO the_AT curves_NN2 to_II the_AT high-frequency_JJ side_NN1 can_VM be_VBI due_II21 to_II22 accumulation_NN1 of_IO space_NN1 charge_NN1 polarization_NN1 effect_NN1 at_II higher_JJR temperature_NN1 and_CC at_II lower_JJR frequency_NN1 in_II the_AT material_NN1 &lsqb;_( 55_MC &rsqb;_) ._. 
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<s>
Again_RT ,_, the_AT slope_NN1 of_IO INS-EGP_NP1 NPs_NP1 (_( 2.33_MC )_) was_VBDZ much_RR lower_JJR than_CSN that_DD1 of_IO INS-C_NP1 NPs_NP1 (_( 8.63_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
Based_VVN on_II the_AT assumptions_NN2 of_IO material_NN1 incompressibility_NN1 and_CC no_AT thickness_NN1 variation_NN1 ,_, the_AT length_NN1 of_IO wrinkled_JJ plate_NN1 L_ZZ1 can_VM be_VBI derived_VVN FORMULA_NN1 (_( 5_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
LiNi0.94Co0.06O2_FO (_( NC_NP1 )_) was_VBDZ obtained_VVN by_II calcining_VVG LiOH·H2O_FO with_IW Ni0.94Co0.06(OH)2_FO (_( molar_JJ ratio_NN1 of_IO Li_NP1 :_: (_( Ni_NP1 +_FO Co_FO )_) =_FO 1.05:1_MC )_) at_II 640_MC °C_NNU for_IF 15_MC h_ZZ1 under_II an_AT1 oxygen_NN1 atmosphere_NN1 ._. 
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Upon_II adding_VVG the_AT initiator_NN1 to_II the_AT solution_NN1 ,_, the_AT fluorescence_NN1 emission_NN1 rapidly_RR increased_VVN and_CC saturated_VVN after_II 200_MC min_NNU ,_, as_CSA shown_VVN in_II Figure_NN1 5b_FO (_( green_JJ curve_NN1 )_) ._. 
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<s>
Raman_NN1 spectra_NN2 (_( 500–2,000/cm_FU ,_, LabRAMHR_NP1 ,_, 514.5_MC nm_FU argon_NN1 ion_NN1 laser_NN1 )_) were_VBDR used_VVN to_TO characterize_VVI the_AT chemical_JJ structure_NN1 of_IO graphite_NN1 ,_, GO_VV0 ,_, and_CC GNs_NNU2 ._. 
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<s>
Dynamicmechanical_JJ thermal_JJ analysis_NN1 (_( DMTA_NP1 )_) was_VBDZ performed_VVN on_II 2_MC mm_NNU thick_JJ specimens_NN2 under_II single_JJ cantilever_NN1 beam_NN1 configuration_NN1 by_II31 means_II32 of_II33 a_AT1 MkII_JJ Polymer_NN1 Laboratories_NN2 DMTA_NN1 testingmachine_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Common_JJ 3D_NNU printing_NN1 methods_NN2 used_VVN for_IF scaffold_NN1 manufacturing_NN1 include_VV0 filament_NN1 based_VVN fused_JJ deposition_NN1 modelling_NN1 (_( FDM_NP1 )_) and_CC direct_JJ extrusion_NN1 techniques_NN2 using_VVG pressure_NN1 such_II21 as_II22 the_AT 3D-Bioplotter_NN1 ._. 
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Fig_NN1 19_MC Comparison_NN1 between_II the_AT forming_VVG flower_NN1 and_CC simulated_JJ results_NN2 in_II different_JJ cage_NN1 roll-forming_NN1 sections_NN2 with_IW the_AT proposed_JJ method_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
To_TO further_RRR demonstrate_VVI scalability_NN1 ,_, we_PPIS2 constructed_VVD a_AT1 six-input_NN1 AND_CC gate_NN1 by_II connecting_VVG the_AT outputs_NN2 of_IO both_RR three-input_JJ AND_CC gates_NN2 ,_, using_VVG an_AT1 additional_JJ two-input_NN1 AND_CC gate_NN1 (_( Fig_NN1 5c_FO and_CC Supplementary_JJ Fig_NN1 36_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
By_II tailoring_VVG the_AT connection_NN1 between_II the_AT GO/MIS_FU bilayer_NN1 films_NN2 ,_, the_AT self-charging_JJ induced_JJ voltage_NN1 output_NN1 could_VM be_VBI raised_VVN over_RG 2_MC V_NNU ,_, which_DDQ is_VBZ high_RR enough_RR to_II power_NN1 commercial_JJ liquid-crystal_JJ displays_NN2 (_( LCDs_NN2 )_) for_IF portable_JJ electronic_JJ devices_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Bacteria_NN2 (_( here_RL as_CSA P._NP1 aeruginosa_NN1 )_) were_VBDR collected_VVN and_CC disrupted_VVN via_II nitrogen_NN1 cavitation_NN1 at_II a_AT1 pressure_NN1 of_IO 1500_MC psi_NN1 ,_, and_CC then_RT we_PPIS2 performed_VVD a_AT1 series_NN of_IO differential_JJ centrifugations_NN2 to_TO isolate_VVI membrane-formed_JJ nanovesicles_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
On_II the_AT right_NN1 y_ZZ1 axis_NN1 ,_, q_ZZ1 is_VBZ converted_VVN to_II distance_NN1 d_ZZ1 using_VVG d_ZZ1 =_FO 2/q._FU c_ZZ1 ,_, d_ZZ1 ,_, Schematic_JJ representation_NN1 of_IO the_AT layered_JJ structure_NN1 and_CC the_AT expansion_NN1 of_IO the_AT layers_NN2 on_II increasing_VVG environmental_JJ humidity_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT implants_NN2 were_VBDR manufactured_VVN and_CC provided_VVN by_II Bioretec_NP1 Ltd._JJ ,_, Finland_NP1 ._. 
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<s>
With_IW increased_JJ light_JJ intensity_NN1 ,_, switching_VVG the_AT device_NN1 to_II the_AT LRS_NP1 became_VVD harder_RRR during_II the_AT forward_JJ voltage_NN1 sweep_NN1 process_NN1 (_( 0_MC V_ZZ1 →_NULL 0.35_MC V_NNU )_) ,_, as_CSA indicated_VVN by_II the_AT increase_NN1 in_II the_AT voltage_NN1 (_( V1_FO )_) required_VVN to_TO switch_VVI the_AT device_NN1 to_II the_AT same_DA LRS_NP1 (_( indicated_VVN by_II the_AT open_JJ triangles_NN2 in_II the_AT I–V_NN1 curves_NN2 )_) ._. 
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<s>
The_AT authors_NN2 declare_VV0 no_AT competing_JJ interests_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
For_REX21 example_REX22 ,_, both_RR PDS_NP2 and_CC PAS_FW spectroscopy_NN1 are_VBR non-destructive_JJ techniques_NN2 typically_RR used_VVN to_II measure_NN1 sub-gap_NN1 absorption_NN1 for_IF characterizing_VVG impurity_NN1 ,_, surface_NN1 and_CC defect_NN1 states_VVZ in_II semiconductors_NN2 20,22,46,47_MC ._. 
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<s>
Therefore_RR ,_, our_APPGE study_NN1 provides_VVZ valuable_JJ insights_NN2 into_II the_AT potential_NN1 of_IO PHSRN_NP1 as_II a_AT1 stroke_NN1 treatment_NN1 and_CC elucidates_VVZ its_APPGE therapeutic_JJ mechanism_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
A_AT1 reducing_JJ post-treatment_NN1 of_IO the_AT palladium_NN1 NPs_NP1 was_VBDZ applied_VVN with_IW washing_VVG with_IW distilled_JJ water_NN1 and_CC drying_VVG at_II 80_MC °C_NNU and_CC then_RT flushing_VVG in_II hydrogen_NN1 flow_NN1 at_II 150_MC °C_NNU ._. 
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<s>
Therefore_RR ,_, inhibition_NN1 of_IO Ab/Ft_FU targeting_NN1 caused_VVN by_II co-conjugated_JJ enzyme_NN1 cargo_NN1 is_VBZ a_AT1 general_JJ phenomenon_NN1 ,_, not_XX limited_VVN to_II the_AT caveolar_JJ targets_NN2 ._. 
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The_AT height_NN1 of_IO the_AT melt_NN1 pool_NN1 was_VBDZ measured_VVN at_II mid-width_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Consequently_RR ,_, the_AT proper_JJ incorporation_NN1 of_IO GO_VV0 can_VM enhance_VVI the_AT specific_JJ capacitance_NN1 and_CC rate_NN1 capability_NN1 of_IO -Fe2O3_NN1 to_II a_AT1 large_JJ extent_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT final_NN1 two_MC ports_NN2 were_VBDR reserved_VVN for_IF burst-disks_NN2 to_TO safely_RR vent_VVI the_AT cell_NN1 in_II the_AT event_NN1 of_IO it_PPH1 being_VBG over-pressurised_VVN ._. 
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<s>
Excess_JJ antibody_NN1 was_VBDZ washed_VVN away_II21 from_II22 the_AT particle-cell_JJ mixture_NN1 and_CC then_RT the_AT cells_NN2 were_VBDR read_VVN on_II a_AT1 BD_NP1 FACSCalibur_NP1 to_TO determine_VVI the_AT percent_NNU of_IO cells_NN2 bound_VVN with_II31 respect_II32 to_II33 the_AT non-particle-bound_JJ 2C_FO CD8+_FO T_ZZ1 cells_NN2 of_IO background_NN1 staining_VVG ._. 
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<s>
Theory_NN1 Calculations_NN2 :_: DFT_NP1 calculations_NN2 were_VBDR performed_VVN by_II VASP_NP1 ._. 
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The_AT preparation_NN1 of_IO the_AT composites_NN2 ,_, in_II two_MC extrusion_NN1 steps_NN2 ,_, encouraged_VVD filler_NN1 localization_NN1 in_II the_AT HDPE_NN1 phase_NN1 ._. 
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The_AT unpatterned_JJ PUA_NN1 film_NN1 was_VBDZ obtained_VVN by_II spin-coating_JJ PUA_NN1 liquid_NN1 on_II a_AT1 PET_NN1 film_NN1 (_( 200_MC m_NNO thick_JJ )_) ,_, followed_VVN by_II a_AT1 2_MC min_NNU exposure_NN1 to_II 500_MC mW/cm2_VV0 UV_JJ light_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Fig_NN1 5_MC depicts_VVZ the_AT clean_JJ copper_NN1 foils_NN2 obtained_VVN post_II thermal_JJ and_CC electrical_JJ reforms_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Fig_NN1 9_MC shows_VVZ the_AT forming_VVG height_NN1 along_II Path-X-D_NP1 of_IO the_AT Scheme-A_NN1 sheet_NN1 with_IW different_JJ discharge_NN1 voltages_NN2 and_CC Fig_NN1 10_MC shows_VVZ the_AT results_NN2 of_IO Scheme-B_NP1 ._. 
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The_AT three-point_NN1 bending_VVG mode_NN1 was_VBDZ carried_VVN out_RP in_II 3_MC °C/min_NNU heating_NN1 rate_NN1 of_IO from_II -70_MC to_II 120_MC °C_NNU at_II 1_MC1 Hz_NNU ._. 
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These_DD2 MCPCPs_NP1 were_VBDR stable_JJ for_IF shaking_VVG and_CC mixing_VVG in_II physiological_JJ solution_NN1 ._. 
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Figure_NN1 2_MC :_: Absorption_NN1 spectra_NN2 of_IO the_AT four_MC different_JJ types_NN2 of_IO DWCNT_NP1 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT relative_JJ curvature_NN1 increases_VVZ more_RGR obviously_RR in_II the_AT pre-forming_NN1 and_CC linear_JJ forming_VVG sections_NN2 by_II employing_VVG the_AT new_JJ forming_VVG process_NN1 parameters_NN2 than_CSN that_DD1 by_II using_VVG the_AT old_JJ parameters_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
We_PPIS2 demonstrate_VV0 the_AT unique_JJ properties_NN2 of_IO the_AT suprasphere_NN1 hosts_NN2 by_II using_VVG them_PPHO2 to_TO concentrate_VVI (_( adsorb_NN1 )_) ,_, separate_JJ and_CC subsequently_RR release_VV0 over_RG two_MC million_NNO hydrophobic_JJ guests_NN2 ._. 
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Conversely_RR ,_, the_AT emission_NN1 associated_VVN with_IW the_AT NCs_NP2 (_( ca_VM ._. 
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<s>
Consequently_RR ,_, our_APPGE experimental_JJ results_NN2 clearly_RR show_VV0 that_CST MoS2_FO nanoplatelets_NN2 are_VBR functionalized_VVN with_IW chiral_JJ ligands_NN2 and_CC exhibit_VV0 different_JJ absorption_NN1 rates_NN2 of_IO left_JJ and_CC right_RR circularly_RR polarized_VVN light_NN1 ._. 
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It_PPH1 is_VBZ widely_RR used_VVN in_II the_AT commercial_JJ finite_JJ element_NN1 packages_NN2 due_II21 to_II22 the_AT applicability_NN1 for_IF analyzing_VVG the_AT fracture_NN1 of_IO different_JJ materials_NN2 under_II different_JJ load_NN1 conditions_NN2 ._. 
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Both_DB2 the_AT blank_JJ Ru-CD_NN1 and_CC CPT@Ru-CD_FO only_RR induce_VV0 a_AT1 low_JJ proportion_NN1 of_IO apoptosis_NN1 (_( 10–15%_FO )_) in_II MCF-7_MC and_CC HLF_JJ cells_NN2 without_IW cancer_NN1 cell_NN1 selectivity_NN1 (_( Figs_NN2 S22–S23_VV0 ,_, ESI_NP1 )_) ._. 
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Migration_NN1 of_IO cells_NN2 ,_, whether_CSW located_VVN at_II the_AT colony_NN1 centre_NN1 or_CC at_II peripheral_JJ region_NN1 ,_, was_VBDZ very_RG limited_JJ under_II the_AT default_NN1 neural_NN1 induction_NN1 condition_NN1 ,_, with_IW an_AT1 average_JJ radial_JJ displacement_NN1 less_DAR than_CSN 20_MC um_UH between_II days_NNT2 2_MC and_CC 4_MC (_( Supplementary_JJ Fig_NN1 8_MC )_) ._. 
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Generally_RR ,_, the_AT CE_NN1 ranges_VVZ between_II 98.7%_FO and_CC 96.4%_FO within_II the_AT first_MD 100_MC cycles_NN2 for_IF all_DB samples_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
John_NP1 Hald_NP1 at_II the_AT Technical_JJ University_NN1 of_IO Denmark_NP1 ,_, and_CC Lennart_NP1 Johansson_NP1 and_CC Torsten_NP1 Kern_NP1 at_II Siemens_NP1 are_VBR also_RR gratefully_RR thanked_VVN for_IF fruitful_JJ discussions_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Unfortunately_RR ,_, MnOOH_NP1 and_CC were_VBDR also_RR found_VVN ,_, indicating_VVG a_AT1 complex_JJ reaction_NN1 mechanism_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
In_II the_AT pure_JJ magnet_NN1 ,_, the_AT magnetic_JJ domain_NN1 wall_NN1 moved_VVN in_II the_AT right_NN1 2:17R_FO matrix_NN1 phase_NN1 towards_II the_AT 1:5_MC cell_NN1 boundary_NN1 phase_NN1 under_II a_AT1 small_JJ external_JJ field_NN1 of_IO 1_MC1 kOe_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
It_PPH1 is_VBZ speculated_VVN that_CST a_AT1 larger_JJR volume_NN1 difference_NN1 impairs_VVZ the_AT stability_NN1 of_IO the_AT crystal_NN1 structure_NN1 ._. 
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The_AT meaning_NN1 of_IO all_DB variables_NN2 in_II Eq_NN1 ._. 
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(_( 20_MC )_) can_VM be_VBI understood_VVN with_IW Fig_NN1 6_MC ._. 
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Fig_NN1 6d_NNU presents_VVZ the_AT long-term_JJ cycle_NN1 life_NN1 of_IO L32_FO at_II 1_MC1 C_ZZ1 and_CC 5_MC C._NP1 It_PPH1 is_VBZ found_VVN that_CST the_AT L32_FO electrode_NN1 can_VM deliver_VVI stable_JJ specific_JJ discharge_NN1 capacities_NN2 of_IO 121_MC and_CC 104_MC mAh_NN1 g-1_FO at_II the_AT current_JJ rate_NN1 of_IO 1_MC1 C_ZZ1 and_CC 5_MC C_NNU after_II 500_MC cycles_NN2 with_IW outstanding_JJ capacity_NN1 retentions_NN2 of_IO 76%_NNU and_CC 78%_NNU ,_, respectively_RR ._. 
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The_AT PXRD_NP1 patterns_NN2 of_IO five_MC postsynthetically_RR modified_JJ MOFs_NN2 were_VBDR also_RR retained_VVN compared_VVN to_II 1_MC1 (_( Figure_NN1 2_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
In_RR21 addition_RR22 ,_, to_TO assess_VVI the_AT waste_NN1 biological_JJ decomposition_NN1 rate_NN1 during_II the_AT composting_JJ process_NN1 ,_, the_AT first-order_JJ degradation_NN1 kinetics_NN1 were_VBDR fitted_VVN with_II31 reference_II32 to_II33 a_AT1 previous_JJ study_NN1 (_( Jain_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2018_MC )_) ._. 
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Peter_NP1 Hosemann_NP1 as_II a_AT1 PI_NN1 and_CC coordinator_NN1 of_IO the_AT whole_JJ research_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Fig_NN1 9_MC Characterization_NN1 of_IO patient_NN1 derived_VVD GSCs_NP1 via_II immunofluorescence_NN1 of_IO stemness_NN1 genes_NN2 ,_, nestin_NN1 (_( A_ZZ1 )_) ,_, SOX2_FO (_( B_ZZ1 )_) and_CC vimentin_NN1 (_( C_ZZ1 )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT diabetic_JJ mice_NN2 easily_RR run_VVN into_II hypoglycemia_NN1 condition_NN1 and_CC developed_JJ weight_NN1 loss_NN1 with_IW related_JJ complications_NN2 in_II liver_NN1 ,_, heart_NN1 ,_, and_CC kidney_NN1 after_II 4_MC week_NNT1 treatment_NN1 (_( Figures_VVZ S1_FO and_CC S2_FO ,_, Supporting_JJ Information_NN1 )_) ;_; especially_RR ,_, the_AT detectable_JJ pathologic_JJ alterations_NN2 of_IO glomerular_JJ and_CC tubular_JJ structures_NN2 and_CC the_AT significant_JJ elevated_JJ kidney_NN1 function_NN1 indicators_NN2 (_( i.e._REX ,_, creatinine_NN1 (_( CREA_NP1 )_) and_CC blood_NN1 urea_NN1 nitrogen_NN1 (_( BUN_NN1 )_) )_) ,_, suggesting_VVG kidney_NN1 function_NN1 is_VBZ prone_JJ to_TO get_VVI injured_VVN in_II diabetic_JJ mice_NN2 (_( Figure_NN1 S3_FO ,_, Supporting_JJ Information_NN1 )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT present_JJ work_NN1 deals_VVZ with_IW the_AT reinforcement_NN1 of_IO fibers_NN2 in_II epoxy/HBP_VV0 thermosets_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Using_VVG the_AT Vienna_NP1 ab_JJ21 initio_JJ22 software_NN1 package_NN1 (_( VASP_NP1 )_) ,_, (_( 43-45_MCMC )_) density_NN1 functional_JJ theory_NN1 calculations_NN2 were_VBDR conducted_VVN to_TO obtain_VVI binding_JJ energy_NN1 of_IO the_AT gas_NN1 molecules_NN2 adsorbed_VVD onto_II the_AT 2D_NNU materials_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Thus_RR ,_, the_AT extent_NN1 of_IO HBPA-GO/epoxy_JJ reaction_NN1 before_II addition_NN1 of_IO the_AT curing_VVG agent_NN1 has_VHZ a_AT1 great_JJ influence_NN1 on_II the_AT interfacial_JJ adhesion_NN1 between_II HBPA-GO_VV0 and_CC epoxy_JJ matrix_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Bacteria_NN2 were_VBDR grown_VVN in_II the_AT presence_NN1 of_IO CP_NP1 nanoparticles_NN2 overnight_RT at_II 37_MC °C_NNU and_CC 200_MC rpm_NNU ._. 
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<s>
By_II comparing_VVG Fig_NN1 6a_FO and_CC b_ZZ1 ,_, it_PPH1 is_VBZ concluded_VVN that_CST composites_NN2 prepared_VVN in_II vp:vs_FO =_FO 1:1_MC solvent_NN1 generally_RR exhibit_VV0 better_RRR and_CC more_RGR uniform_JJ fiber_NN1 fusion_NN1 than_CSN those_DD2 prepared_VVN in_II vp:vs_FO =_FO 1:2_MC solvent_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Whilst_CS PCLA_NP1 ,_, PLATMC_NP1 and_CC PDX_NP1 had_VHD a_AT1 higher_JJR increase_NN1 of_IO Tan_NN1 δ_FO with_IW temperature_NN1 compared_VVN to_II PLLA_NP1 ,_, Fig_NN1 5_MC a_AT1 ,_, d-f_ZZ1 ,_, indicating_VVG a_AT1 more_RGR viscous_JJ behaviour_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
In_II the_AT spectra_NN2 of_IO the_AT specimen_NN1 without_IW aging_NN1 (_( Fig_NN1 9a_FO )_) ,_, the_AT two_MC characteristic_JJ peaks_NN2 at_II 2,961_MC and_CC 2,905_MC cm-1_MC1 correspond_VV0 to_II the_AT C-H_NN1 symmetric_JJ stretching_JJ vibrations_NN2 in_II the_AT methyl_NN1 group_NN1 (_( -CH3_NN1 )_) and_CC the_AT C-H_NN1 asymmetric_JJ stretching_JJ vibrations_NN2 in_II the_AT methylene_NN1 group_NN1 (_( -CH2_NN1 )_) ,_, respectively_RR ._. 
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<s>
For_IF a_AT1 broader_JJR interest_NN1 ,_, it_PPH1 also_RR proposes_VVZ a_AT1 general_JJ approach_NN1 for_IF stabilizing_VVG a_AT1 guest_NN1 atomic_JJ metal_NN1 species_NN at_II reaction_NN1 interface_NN1 of_IO host_NN1 matrix_NN1 (_( like_II metal_NN1 selenides_NN2 and_CC metal_NN1 sulphides_NN2 )_) ,_, paving_VVG a_AT1 new_JJ route_NN1 for_IF the_AT development_NN1 of_IO highly_RR active_JJ and_CC stable_JJ electrocatalysts_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
They_PPHS2 claimed_VVD that_CST the_AT system_NN1 was_VBDZ successfully_RR used_VVN for_IF the_AT automatic_JJ repair_NN1 of_IO pipes_NN2 in_II nuclear_JJ reactors_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
However_RR ,_, our_APPGE results_NN2 suggest_VV0 that_DD1 dissolution_NN1 may_VM initiate_VVI without_IW disproportionation_NN1 due_II21 to_II22 the_AT driving_JJ force_NN1 for_IF Mn4+_FO dissolution_NN1 from_II the_AT surface_NN1 of_IO delithiated_JJ MnO2_FO ._. 
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<s>
Fig_NN1 13a_FO displays_VVZ the_AT simulation_NN1 model_NN1 of_IO exposed_JJ facets_NN2 on_II ONN_NP1 crystals_NN2 ,_, whose_DDQGE exposed_JJ surfaces_NN2 are_VBR 101_MC ,_, 101_MC ,_, 111_MC ,_, 010_MC ,_, 001_MC ,_, and_CC 100_MC facets_NN2 ,_, respectively_RR ._. 
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<s>
Fig_NN1 11_MC shows_VVZ the_AT ln_NNU (_( ac_NN1 ×_II T_ZZ1 )_) vs_II 1000/T_FU dependence_NN1 for_IF several_DA2 frequencies_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Furthermore_RR ,_, developing_VVG structurally_RR novel_JJ lipidbased_JJ nanoparticles_NN2 and_CC understanding_VVG the_AT underlying_JJ mechanisms_NN2 in_II delivering_VVG siRNA_NN1 will_VM further_RRR provide_VVI new_JJ knowledge_NN1 in_II lipidbased_JJ delivery_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Two_MC more_DAR interesting_JJ observations_NN2 can_VM be_VBI found_VVN in_II the_AT proliferation_NN1 data_NN (_( Fig_NN1 2B_FO )_) ._. 
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<s>
Compared_VVN with_IW other_JJ metal_NN1 oxides_NN2 and_CC chalcogenides_NN2 ,_, the_AT capacity_NN1 and_CC cycle_NN1 life_NN1 of_IO the_AT NFS_NP2 is_VBZ remarkable_JJ when_CS served_VVN as_CSA cathode_NN1 materials_NN2 for_IF the_AT promising_JJ magnesium_NN1 battery_NN1 technology_NN1 (_( Table_NN1 S2_FO )_) ._. 
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<s>
The_AT galvanostatically_RR charge/discharge_VV0 cycling_NN1 were_VBDR performed_VVN in_II the_AT voltage_NN1 of_IO 0.01_MC =_FO 3.0V_NNU on_II the_AT Land_NN1 battery_NN1 (_( CT_NN1 2001A_FO )_) and_CC Arbin_NP1 battery_NN1 cycler_NN1 (_( BT2000_FO )_) ._. 
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<s>
It_PPH1 is_VBZ clear_JJ that_CST there_EX would_VM not_XX be_VBI a_AT1 distinctly_RR different_JJ friction_NN1 coefficient_NN1 of_IO the_AT same_DA copolymer_NN1 at_II the_AT two_MC different_JJ sliding_JJ speeds_NN2 ._. 
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And_CC the_AT adsorption_NN1 rate_NN1 on_II 717_MC resin_NN1 was_VBDZ higher_JJR than_CSN that_DD1 on_II D301R-Cl_NP1 resin_NN1 ._. 
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The_AT samples_NN2 '_NULL magnetization_NN1 was_VBDZ measured_VVN by_II a_AT1 superconducting_JJ quantum_NN1 interface_NN1 device_NN1 (_( MPMS-5S_MC2 (_( Quantum_NN1 Design_NN1 )_) )_) ._. 
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<s>
Then_RT ,_, 24_MC h_ZZ1 later_RRR ,_, PC3_FO cells_NN2 were_VBDR incubated_VVN by_II HA-Fe-NIs-DOX_NP1 and_CC HA-Fe-DOX_NN1 at_II the_AT concentration_NN1 of_IO Fe_NP1 and_CC Fe-NIs_NP1 11.1_MC mmol_NN1 mL–1_NN1 for_IF 4_MC h_ZZ1 under_II hypoxic_JJ condition_NN1 (_( pO2_FO :_: 2%_NNU )_) and_CC irradiated_VVN with_IW 3_MC Gy_JJ ._. 
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<s>
These_DD2 authors_NN2 contributed_VVD equally_RR :_: Elie_NP1 Balloul_NP1 ,_, Chiara_NP1 Vicario_NP1 ._. 
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<s>
This_DD1 temperature_NN1 behavior_NN1 has_VHZ been_VBN explained_VVN on_II the_AT basis_NN1 of_IO thermionic_JJ emission_NN1 (_( TE_FW )_) theory_NN1 with_IW double_JJ Gaussian_JJ Distribution_NN1 (_( GD_JJ )_) of_IO barrier_NN1 heights_NN2 (_( BHs_NP1 )_) due_II21 to_II22 BH_NP1 inhomogeneities_NN2 at_II M/S_NN1 interface_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Sample_NN1 wafers_NN2 were_VBDR then_RT polished_VVN to_II a_AT1 mirror_NN1 finish_NN1 using_VVG diamond-impregnated_JJ lapping_JJ films_NN2 and_CC oil_NN1 as_CSA lubricant_NN1 followed_VVN by_II a_AT1 final_JJ polishing_NN1 step_NN1 using_VVG SYTON_NN1 ?_? 
</s>
<s>
The_AT differences_NN2 observed_VVN between_II the_AT results_NN2 of_IO the_AT simulation_NN1 and_CC those_DD2 of_IO the_AT experiment_NN1 were_VBDR probably_RR due_II21 to_II22 the_AT random_JJ behavior_NN1 of_IO the_AT collisions_NN2 ,_, which_DDQ is_VBZ difficult_JJ to_TO simulate_VVI ,_, although_CS resolving_VVG these_DD2 differences_NN2 is_VBZ outside_II the_AT scope_NN1 of_IO the_AT current_JJ study_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
TEM_VV0 images_NN2 of_IO polyvinylpyrrolidone_NN1 (_( PVP_NP1 )_) -stabilized_JJ Pd_NP1 nanocrystals_NN2 :_: (_( A_ZZ1 )_) 6_MC nm_FU cubes_NN2 (_( CUB6_FO )_) ,_, (_( B_ZZ1 )_) 18_MC nm_FU cubes_NN2 (_( CUB18_FO )_) ,_, (_( C_ZZ1 )_) 31_MC nm_FU octahedral_NN1 (_( OCT_NPM1 )_) ,_, and_CC (_( D_ZZ1 )_) 5.5_MC nm_FU cuboctahedra_NN1 (_( COT_NN1 )_) ._. 
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<s>
With_IW the_AT rapid_JJ growth_NN1 of_IO industries_NN2 and_CC global_JJ population_NN1 ,_, plenty_PN of_IO oily_JJ wastewater_NN1 are_VBR generated_VVN in_II daily_JJ life_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
However_RR ,_, it_PPH1 can_VM serve_VVI as_II a_AT1 sacrificial_JJ material_NN1 to_TO build_VVI a_AT1 mold_NN1 or_CC pattern_NN1 &lsqb;_( 116_MC &rsqb;_) ._. 
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<s>
Enhanced_JJ COX-2_MC expression_NN1 in_II different_JJ cancer_NN1 types_NN2 resulted_VVN in_II elevated_JJ levels_NN2 of_IO proangiogenic_JJ factors_NN2 ,_, like_II VEGF_NP1 ,_, leading_VVG to_II tumor_NN1 progression_NN1 through_II elevated_JJ angiogenesis_NN1 &lsqb;_( 10,11_MC &rsqb;_) ._. 
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<s>
The_AT thickness_NN1 of_IO the_AT uniform_JJ TFPS_NP1 was_VBDZ measured_VVN at_II five_MC points_NN2 of_IO the_AT composite_NN1 using_VVG micrometer-type_JJ gauges_NN2 as_CSA indicated_VVN in_II the_AT Fig_NN1 S2_FO (_( Supporting_JJ Information_NN1 )_) ._. 
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<s>
Here_RL ,_, we_PPIS2 describe_VV0 the_AT design_NN1 of_IO budesonide_NN1 nanosuspensions_NN2 (_( NS_NP1 )_) containing_VVG drug_NN1 particles_NN2 of_IO the_AT appropriate_JJ size_NN1 and_CC formulated_VVN with_IW muco-inert_JJ coatings_NN2 (_( Pluronic_JJ F127_FO )_) for_IF improved_JJ mucosal_JJ distribution_NN1 and_CC tissue_NN1 penetration_NN1 in_II IBD_NP1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT amino_NN1 multi-walled_NN1 carbon_NN1 nanotubes_VVZ with_IW the_AT diameters_NN2 in_II the_AT range_NN1 of_IO 8–15_MCMC nm_FU and_CC the_AT length_NN1 of_IO about_RG 50_MC m_NNO ._. 
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<s>
To_TO validate_VVI the_AT functionality_NN1 of_IO ScFv5_FO as_II an_AT1 intrabody_NN1 ,_, we_PPIS2 expressed_VVD it_PPH1 in_II HEK-293_MC cells_NN2 as_CSA haemagglutinin_NN1 (_( HA_UH )_) -tagged_NN1 and_CC yellow_JJ fluorescent_JJ protein_NN1 (_( YFP_NP1 )_) -tagged_JJ constructs_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
In_II31 comparison_II32 with_II33 the_AT control_NN1 samples_NN2 ,_, the_AT Young_NP1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 modulus_NN1 of_IO the_AT gradient_NN1 specimens_NN2 with_IW transition_NN1 region_NN1 (_( from_II 70_MC to_II 90%_NNU )_) is_VBZ close_JJ to_II control_NN1 80%_NNU porosity_NN1 sample_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
This_DD1 simple_JJ and_CC innovative_JJ approach_NN1 would_VM be_VBI a_AT1 promising_JJ technology_NN1 for_IF vaccine_NN1 developments_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Corrosion_NN1 resistance_NN1 of_IO the_AT coatings_NN2 was_VBDZ improved_VVN first_MD and_CC then_RT decreased_VVN with_IW the_AT increase_NN1 in_II x_ZZ1 in_II the_AT electrochemical_JJ tests_NN2 carried_VVN out_RP in_II 0.1_MC mol_NN1 L-1_FO HCl_NP1 and_CC 3.5_MC wt%_FO NaCl_NN1 solutions_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Furthermore_RR ,_, such_DA a_AT1 smart_JJ control_NN1 can_VM be_VBI easily_RR extended_VVN to_II other_JJ TiO2-based_JJ materials_NN2 ,_, such_II21 as_II22 3D_NNU porous_JJ materials_NN2 and_CC hybrid_JJ materials_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
After_CS the_AT observation_NN1 period_NN1 of_IO 200_MC days_NNT2 ,_, long-term_JJ islet-bearing_JJ kidneys_NN2 were_VBDR snap_JJ frozen_JJ in_II O.C.T._NPM1 In_II the_AT latter_DA case_NN1 ,_, no_AT H2_FO production_NN1 is_VBZ observed_VVN ._. 
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<s>
The_AT inset_NN1 in_II Figure_NN1 3b_FO shows_VVZ that_CST the_AT outer_JJ shell_NN1 ,_, graphene_NN1 layer_NN1 ,_, has_VHZ an_AT1 obvious_JJ lattice_NN1 fringe_NN1 of_IO d_ZZ1 (_( 002_MC )_) with_IW an_AT1 interplanar_JJ spacing_NN1 of_IO 3.45_MC A._NNU Figure_NN1 3c_FO shows_VVZ a_AT1 high-resolution_JJ transmission_NN1 electron_NN1 microscopy_NN1 (_( HRTEM_NP1 )_) image_NN1 taken_VVN to_TO observe_VVI in_II more_DAR detail_NN1 the_AT constitution_NN1 of_IO MXene_NP1 ,_, PANI_NP1 ,_, and_CC graphene_NN1 ,_, containing_VVG the_AT lattice_NN1 fringes_NN2 of_IO multilayer_NN1 MXene_NN1 with_IW an_AT1 interplanar_JJ spacing_NN1 of_IO 13.20_MC A_ZZ1 corresponding_VVG to_II the_AT (_( 0002_MC )_) plane_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
I.L.-F._NP1 and_CC J.M.S.J._NP1 produced_VVD the_AT alloys_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT instrument_NN1 was_VBDZ used_VVN to_TO record_VVI changes_NN2 in_II resonance_NN1 frequency_NN1 (_( fundamental_JJ resonance_NN1 frequency_NN1 was_VBDZ 5_MC MHz_NNU ,_, overtones_NN2 recorded_VVD were_VBDR n_ZZ1 =_FO 3_MC ,_, 5_MC ,_, 7_MC ,_, 9_MC ,_, 11_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
Thus_RR ,_, the_AT electromechanical_JJ stimuli_NN2 under_II optical_JJ excitation_NN1 of_IO n-InGaN_NP1 NWs_NP1 revealed_VVD the_AT piezo-phototronic_JJ effect_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Despite_II the_AT recent_JJ increased_JJ amount_NN1 of_IO work_NN1 on_II studying_VVG the_AT deposition_NN1 processes_NN2 of_IO colloidal_JJ nanocrystals_NN2 to_TO prepare_VVI well-defined_JJ catalysts_NN2 ,_, the_AT science_NN1 behind_II them_PPHO2 remains_VVZ still_RR mostly_RR empirical_JJ and_CC a_AT1 better_JJR understanding_NN1 of_IO the_AT forces_NN2 in_II play_NN1 is_VBZ needed_VVN in_BCL21 order_BCL22 to_TO guarantee_VVI a_AT1 better_JJR dispersion_NN1 without_IW mass_JJ transfer_NN1 limitations_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT interaction_NN1 between_II ETHH_NP1 NP_NP1 arrays_NN2 and_CC perovskite_NN1 was_VBDZ explored_VVN by_II photovoltage_NN1 spectroscopy_NN1 and_CC simulated_JJ extinction_NN1 spectrum_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Surprisingly_RR ,_, although_CS PS-IPA_NP1 possesses_VVZ a_AT1 dense_JJ and_CC thick_JJ skin_NN1 layer_NN1 ,_, it_PPH1 exhibits_VVZ an_AT1 area_NN1 resistance_NN1 comparable_JJ to_II that_DD1 of_IO PS-Water_NN1 and_CC PS-EtOH_NP1 ._. 
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<s>
These_DD2 materials_NN2 show_VV0 that_CST isolated_VVD Pd_NP1 sites_NN2 in_II Au_FO supported_VVN on_II titania_NN1 are_VBR more_RGR effective_JJ in_II catalyzing_VVG the_AT hydro-oxidation_NN1 of_IO isopropanol_NN1 to_TO acetone_VVI than_CSN the_AT corresponding_JJ Pd_NP1 and_CC Au_FO counterparts_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
When_CS such_DA layered_JJ sheets_NN2 of_IO material_NN1 are_VBR used_VVN as_II a_AT1 hinge_NN1 ,_, a_AT1 selffolding_JJ structure_NN1 can_VM be_VBI obtained_VVN under_II the_AT drive_NN1 of_IO stress_NN1 ,_, once_CS the_AT structures_NN2 are_VBR released_VVN from_II the_AT substrate_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Both_DB2 wave_VV0 functions_NN2 are_VBR normalized_VVN to_II the_AT maximum_JJ value_NN1 for_IF the_AT nonsingular_JJ grating_JJ ._. 
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<s>
As_CSA is_VBZ well-known_JJ ,_, the_AT operation_NN1 voltage_NN1 and_CC specific_JJ capacity_NN1 of_IO cathode_NN1 materials_NN2 have_VH0 long_RR been_VBN considered_VVN as_CSA main_JJ limiting_JJ factors_NN2 for_IF boost_NN1 energy_NN1 density_NN1 of_IO lithium-ion_JJ batteries_NN2 &lsqb;_( 6_MC &rsqb;_) ,_, &lsqb;_( 7_MC &rsqb;_) ._. 
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<s>
The_AT particle_NN1 size_NN1 of_IO fullerene_NN1 is_VBZ about_II 180–200_MCMC mesh_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT recent_JJ advance_NN1 in_II polymer_NN1 thin_JJ film_NN1 transistors_NN2 (_( TFTs_NP1 )_) can_VM realize_VVI high_JJ sensitivity_NN1 and_CC lowcost_VVI gas_NN1 sensors_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
NZW_NP1 rabbits_NN2 were_VBDR used_VVN as_II an_AT1 animal_NN1 model_NN1 to_TO further_RRR evaluate_VVI the_AT scaffold_NN1 biofunctionality_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT target_NN1 to_II substrate_NN1 distance_NN1 was_VBDZ 84_MC mm_NNU ,_, the_AT laser_NN1 fluence_NN1 was_VBDZ 1_MC1 J_ZZ1 cm-2_MC ._. 
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<s>
The_AT hydrogel_NN1 for_IF printing_NN1 should_VM be_VBI able_JK to_TO generate_VVI a_AT1 3D_NNU complex_NN1 construct_VV0 with_IW a_AT1 high_JJ stackability_NN1 and_CC a_AT1 high_JJ shape_NN1 fidelity_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
However_RR ,_, the_AT closed-cell_JJ nature_NN1 of_IO optimal_JJ plate-lattices_NN2 complicates_VVZ their_APPGE manufacturing_NN1 through_II powder-bed_NN1 or_CC liquid-bath_JJ additive_JJ techniques_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
However_RR ,_, oxygen_NN1 content_NN1 did_VDD not_XX match_VVI with_IW the_AT corresponding_JJ gas_NN1 charge_NN1 of_IO the_AT doping_NN1 treatments_NN2 (_( Fig_NN1 1b_FO )_) ._. 
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<s>
The_AT weight_NN1 as_II a_AT1 percentage_NN1 of_IO the_AT initial_JJ weight_NN1 was_VBDZ recorded_VVN versus_II temperature_NN1 ,_, and_CC shown_VVN in_II Fig_NN1 2_MC ._. 
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<s>
Following_VVG phase_NN1 transfer_NN1 of_IO the_AT purple-coloured_JJ PEG-S-capped_NP1 supraspheres_NN2 into_II CH2Cl2_FO ,_, the_AT hydrophobic_JJ driving_JJ force_NN1 for_IF assembly_NN1 in_II water_NN1 was_VBDZ lost_VVN and_CC dissociation_NN1 into_II individual_JJ hex-S-capped_NN1 Au_FO NPs_NP1 was_VBDZ indicated_VVN by_II a_AT1 red-coloured_NN1 CH2Cl2_FO solution_NN1 (_( the_AT absorbance_NN1 at_II 750_MC nm_FU decreased_VVN dramatically_RR ;_; Fig_NN1 3c_FO )_) ._. 
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<s>
This_DD1 work_NN1 was_VBDZ supported_VVN by_II the_AT National_JJ Natural_JJ Science_NN1 Foundation_NN1 of_IO China_NP1 (_( No._NN1 51403094_MC )_) and_CC Liaoning_VVG Education_NN1 Department_NN1 of_IO China_NP1 (_( No_UH ._. 
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<s>
LJ2017FBL002_FO )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT device_NN1 was_VBDZ irradiated_VVN by_II simulated_JJ solar_JJ light_NN1 of_IO 49.8_MC W_ZZ1 m-2_FO during_II the_AT entire_JJ test_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
In_II a_AT1 few_DA2 studies_NN2 in_II composting_JJ facilities_NN2 ,_, the_AT particle_NN1 counting_NN1 method_NN1 was_VBDZ used_VVN ,_, either_RR via_II Laser_NN1 Obscuration_NN1 Time_NNT1 technology_NN1 (_( van_NP1 Kampen_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2014_MC )_) or_CC with_IW a_AT1 laser_NN1 nephelometer_NN1 (_( Gladding_NP1 and_CC Rolph_NP1 ,_, 2017_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
Cr_NP1 species_NN present_NN1 were_VBDR estimated_VVN to_TO be_VBI consistent_JJ with_IW binding_JJ energies_NN2 and_CC amounts_NN2 for_IF 55%_NNU Cr(OH)3_FO ,_, 4%_NNU Cr2O3_FO ,_, 22%_NNU FeCr2O4_FO ,_, and_CC 16%_NNU NiCr2O4_FO ._. 
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<s>
Adapted_VVD Wilshire_NP1 equations_NN2 have_VH0 been_VBN implemented_VVN to_TO predict_VVI the_AT long-term_JJ creep_NN1 lives_NN2 of_IO the_AT C263_FO variants_NN2 and_CC their_APPGE apparent_JJ activation_NN1 energies_NN2 have_VH0 been_VBN determined_VVN ._. 
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<s>
In_II the_AT first_MD 12_MC operating_NN1 years_NNT2 of_IO the_AT study_NN1 (_( 2022–2033_MCMC )_) ,_, incineration_NN1 plants_NN2 will_VM produce_VVI more_DAR energy_NN1 than_CSN AD_NN1 plants_NN2 due_II21 to_II22 treating_VVG larger_JJR amounts_NN2 of_IO waste_NN1 ;_; although_CS the_AT AD_NN1 process_NN1 generates_VVZ more_DAR energy_NN1 than_CSN incineration_NN1 on_II a_AT1 per_II ton_NNU1 processed_JJ waste_NN1 basis_NN1 (_( refer_VV0 to_II Table_NN1 5_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
The_AT scan_NN1 range_NN1 was_VBDZ 500–4000_MCMC cm-1_MC1 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT pH_NN1 of_IO the_AT mixture_NN1 was_VBDZ subsequently_RR adjusted_VVN to_II about_RG 10_MC by_II adding_VVG 1_MC1 wt%_FO sodium_NN1 hydroxide_NN1 solution_NN1 as_CSA above_RL ,_, and_CC then_RT the_AT mixture_NN1 was_VBDZ placed_VVN at_II room_NN1 temperature_NN1 for_IF approximately_RR 24_MC h_ZZ1 after_II sonication_NN1 for_IF 15_MC min_NNU ._. 
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<s>
The_AT switch_NN1 would_VM greatly_RR facilitate_VVI tumor_NN1 antigen_NN1 presentation_NN1 (_( with_IW a_AT1 specific_JJ increase_NN1 in_II IL-12_MC )_) and_CC result_VV0 in_II an_AT1 intensified_JJ cytotoxic_JJ T-cell-mediated_NP1 tumor-specific_JJ killing_NN1 ,_, (_( 37_MC )_) as_CSA demonstrated_VVN by_II extensive_JJ IFN-_JJ γ_NULL production_NN1 in_II the_AT ELISpot_NN1 assay_NN1 (_( Figure_NN1 5B_FO )_) ._. 
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<s>
Because_CS TPP_NP1 shows_VVZ strong_JJ absorbance_NN1 at_II 280_MC nm_FU and_CC therefore_RR interferes_VVZ with_IW protein_NN1 concentration_NN1 measurements_NN2 ,_, it_PPH1 was_VBDZ supplemented_VVN to_II the_AT superlattice_NN1 sample_NN1 after_II adjusting_VVG protein_NN1 concentration_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
To_TO achieve_VVI higher_JJR Co_NN1 thicknesses_NN2 ,_, we_PPIS2 repeated_VVD the_AT intercalation_NN1 of_IO additional_JJ 1_MC1 ML_NNU doses_NN2 of_IO Co_NP1 ,_, exploring_VVG layer_NN1 thicknesses_NN2 up_RG21 to_RG22 24_MC ML_NNU Co_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT initial_JJ culture_NN1 was_VBDZ reactivated_VVN in_II 1_MC1 mL_NNU of_IO Yeast_NP1 Malt_NN1 Extract_NN1 media_NN (_( YM_NP1 )_) (_( gL1_FO )_) (_( w/v_ZZ1 )_) :_: 3.0_MC yeast_NN1 extract_NN1 ,_, 3.0_MC malt_NN1 extract_NN1 ,_, 5.0_MC peptone_NN1 and_CC 10.0_MC glucose_NN1 ,_, 28_MC °C/48h_FU ._. 
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