﻿<s>
Ownership_NN1 is_VBZ actually_RR a_AT1 percentage_NN1 of_IO the_AT TAC_NN1 ,_, not_XX a_AT1 poundage_NN1 ,_, with_IW percentage_NN1 translated_VVN into_II quota_NN1 pounds_NN2 each_DD1 year_NNT1 ._. 
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In_II 2027_MC ,_, the_AT U.S._NP1 and_CC China_NP1 both_DB2 have_VH0 a_AT1 major_JJ military_JJ presence_NN1 in_II the_AT Arctic_JJ ._. 
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<s>
While_CS its_APPGE limitations_NN2 were_VBDR broadly_RR appreciated_VVN ,_, the_AT questions_NN2 that_CST most_DAT concerned_JJ prominent_JJ experts_NN2 ,_, like_II Nicholas_NP1 Stern_NN1 ,_, revolved_VVD around_RP how_RRQ to_TO negotiate_VVI a_AT1 '_NULL more_RGR ambitious_JJ '_NULL more_RGR international_JJ and_CC much_RR stronger_JJR ,_, agreement_NN1 a_AT1 bigger_JJR ,_, better_RRR Kyoto_NP1 (_( G8_FO ,_, 2007_MC ;_; Stern_NN1 ,_, 2009_MC )_) ._. 
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We_PPIS2 include_VV0 all_DB fifty-one_MC countries_NN2 in_II the_AT aggregated_JJ analysis_NN1 of_IO authoritarian_JJ regimes_NN2 ,_, and_CC then_RT break_VV0 them_PPHO2 down_RP into_II the_AT three_MC categoriesovert_NN1 dictatorship_NN1 ,_, informational_JJ autocracy_NN1 ,_, and_CC unclassifiedin_NN1 the_AT disaggregated_JJ analysis_NN1 ._. 
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Qaanaaq_NP1 ,_, a_AT1 civilian_JJ community_NN1 103_MC kilometers_NNU2 north_ND1 of_IO Thule_NP1 Air_NN1 Base_NN1 ,_, is_VBZ the_AT most_RGT geographically_RR susceptible_JJ Greenlandic_JJ population_NN1 ._. 
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All_DB else_RR equal_JJ ,_, it_PPH1 should_VM be_VBI associated_VVN with_IW achievement_NN1 ,_, although_CS in_II an_AT1 environment_NN1 of_IO incomplete_JJ information_NN1 ,_, luck_NN1 always_RR plays_VVZ a_AT1 role_NN1 ._. 
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Having_VHG a_AT1 sense_NN1 of_IO how_RRQ the_AT domestic_JJ economy_NN1 fares_NN2 in_II international_JJ comparisons_NN2 requires_VVZ receiving_VVG and_CC digesting_VVG information_NN1 about_II other_JJ countries_NN2 '_NULL economies_NN2 ,_, and_CC the_AT media_NN is_VBZ likely_JJ to_TO be_VBI the_AT primary_JJ source_NN1 of_IO such_DA information_NN1 for_IF voters_NN2 (_( Kayser_NP1 and_CC Peress_VV0 2012_MC )_) ._. 
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This_DD1 specific_JJ determination_NN1 of_IO these_DD2 spaces_NN2 of_IO accumulation_NN1 has_VHZ allowed_VVN industrial_JJ capital_NN1 to_TO recover_VVI a_AT1 portion_NN1 of_IO the_AT ground-rent_NN1 ._. 
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For_IF Schmitt_NP1 ,_, existence_NN1 is_VBZ an_AT1 activity_NN1 ;_; it_PPH1 is_VBZ the_AT exercise_NN1 of_IO force_NN1 directed_VVN in_II one_MC1 way_NN1 or_CC another_DD1 ._. 
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Was_VBDZ the_AT critique_NN1 of_IO religion_NN1 (_( as_CSA announced_VVN in_II Marx_NP1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 '_NULL Introduction_NN1 '_NULL to_II the_AT Critique_NN1 of_IO Hegel_NP1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 Philosophy_NN1 of_IO Right_NN1 )_) the_AT very_JJ '_NULL premise_NN1 '_NULL of_IO all_DB social_JJ critique_NN1 ;_; or_CC was_VBDZ this_RG just_RR the_AT young_JJ Marx_NP1 clearing_VVG his_APPGE Hegelian_JJ throat_NN1 ,_, with_IW barely_RR an_AT1 aftertaste_NN1 of_IO religion_NN1 ?_? 
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Furthermore_RR ,_, high_JJ levels_NN2 of_IO party_NN1 discipline_NN1 and_CC centralization_NN1 of_IO political_JJ parties_NN2 make_VV0 it_PPH1 difficult_JJ for_IF incumbents_NN2 in_II national_JJ legislature_NN1 to_TO develop_VVI personal_JJ ties_NN2 with_IW their_APPGE constituents_NN2 ,_, which_DDQ would_VM countervail_VVI general_JJ public_JJ discontent_NN1 toward_II the_AT National_JJ Assembly_NN1 ._. 
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Others_NN2 emphasize_VV0 the_AT difference_NN1 in_II cultural_JJ heritage_NN1 :_: China_NP1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 Confucian_JJ background_NN1 invites_VVZ comparison_NN1 with_IW other_JJ "_" East_NP1 Asian_JJ welfare_NN1 states_NN2 ,_, "_" where_CS social_JJ policy_NN1 is_VBZ traditionally_RR based_VVN on_II the_AT expectation_NN1 that_CST families_NN2 will_VM take_VVI care_NN1 of_IO elderly_JJ members_NN2 ;_; in_II contrast_NN1 ,_, the_AT Russian_JJ and_CC Soviet_JJ legacy_NN1 is_VBZ one_MC1 of_IO state_NN1 paternalism_NN1 and_CC patrimonialism_NN1 ._. 
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And_CC when_CS an_AT1 increasing_JJ number_NN1 of_IO states_NN2 adhere_VV0 to_II a_AT1 proposed_JJ position_NN1 ,_, it_PPH1 becomes_VVZ more_RGR difficult_JJ for_IF the_AT remaining_JJ states_NN2 to_TO oppose_VVI the_AT trend_NN1 ._. 
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Still_RR ,_, in_II order_NN1 to_TO better_RRR understand_VVI how_RRQ a_AT1 public_JJ ethics_NN of_IO care_NN1 might_VM guide_VVI street-level_JJ conduct_NN1 ,_, some_DD more_DAR concrete_JJ examples_NN2 might_VM be_VBI useful_JJ ._. 
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Correspondingly_RR ,_, EPR_NP1 codes_NN2 all_DB politically_RR relevant_JJ ethnic_JJ groups_NN2 in_II DRC_NP1 as_CSA enjoying_VVG regional_JJ autonomy_NN1 between_II 1960_MC and_CC 1965_MC ._. 
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The_AT ensuing_JJ vacuum_NN1 has_VHZ been_VBN filled_VVN by_II a_AT1 surge_NN1 of_IO anarchist_NN1 thought_NN1 and_CC practice_NN1 :_: much_RR left_JJ activity_NN1 has_VHZ adopted_VVN spontaneity_NN1 ,_, direct_JJ action_NN1 ,_, and_CC other_JJ practices_NN2 associated_VVN with_IW anarchism_NN1 ._. 
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Furthermore_RR ,_, not_XX only_RR were_VBDR the_AT vote_NN1 percentages_NN2 in_II31 favor_II32 of_II33 the_AT PNL_NP1 larger_JJR in_II these_DD2 localities_NN2 ,_, but_CCB the_AT nominal_JJ sums_NN2 in_II RON_NP1 allocated_VVD to_II the_AT particular_JJ localities_NN2 show_VV0 a_AT1 significant_JJ correlation_NN1 with_IW the_AT aforementioned_JJ voting_NN1 percentages_NN2 ._. 
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Thus_RR ,_, our_APPGE findings_NN2 contradict_VV0 those_DD2 by_II demonstrating_VVG that_DD1 polarization_NN1 increases_VVZ the_AT proportion_NN1 of_IO strategic_JJ voters_NN2 ._. 
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As_CSA seen_VVN in_II recent_JJ elections_NN2 ,_, many_DA2 PAP_NN1 candidates_NN2 formulated_VVN tailor-made_JJ constituency-level_JJ estate_NN1 improvement_NN1 plans_VVZ to_TO woo_VVI voters_NN2 ._. 
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Following_VVG from_II the_AT logic_NN1 of_IO interdepend_VV0 ence_NN1 and_CC the_AT model_NN1 of_IO state-society_JJ interaction_NN1 that_CST predominates_VVZ across_II liberal_JJ international_JJ relations_NN2 theory_NN1 ,_, we_PPIS2 should_VM expect_VVI that_DD1 economic_JJ interdependence_NN1 in_RR21 general_RR22 should_VM reduce_VVI the_AT willingness_NN1 of_IO states_NN2 to_TO impose_VVI economic_JJ sanc_NN1 tions_NN2 on_II their_APPGE trading_NN1 partners_NN2 ._. 
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Capital_NN1 inflows_NN2 into_II states_NN2 can_VM take_VVI different_JJ formsthrough_NN1 loans_NN2 ,_, bonds_NN2 ,_, and_CC foreign_JJ direct_JJ investment_NN1 ._. 
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In_II31 line_II32 with_II33 the_AT literature_NN1 on_II employer-school_JJ partnerships_NN2 in_II other_JJ contexts_NN2 (_( Hoffman_NP1 2011_MC ;_; Hoffman_NP1 &;_NULL Schwartz_NP1 2015_MC ,_, 2017_MC )_) ,_, we_PPIS2 found_VVD several_DA2 kinds_NN2 of_IO bodies_NN2 serving_VVG as_CSA intermediaries_NN2 ._. 
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The_AT movement_NN1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 heightened_JJ presence_NN1 made_VVD securing_VVG a_AT1 treaty_NN1 increasingly_RR at_II tractive_JJ to_II Kennedy_NP1 ,_, but_CCB he_PPHS1 remained_VVD cautious_JJ of_IO the_AT right_NN1 and_CC their_APPGE opposition_NN1 to_II a_AT1 comprehensive_JJ treaty_NN1 with_IW limited_JJ inspection_NN1 ._. 
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Space_NN1 in_II an_AT1 article_NN1 of_IO this_DD1 length_NN1 does_VDZ not_XX allow_VVI for_IF the_AT teasing_NN1 out_II21 of_II22 these_DD2 differences_NN2 organized_VVN in_CS21 case_CS22 studies_NN2 ;_; and_CC in_II consequence_NN1 ,_, there_EX is_VBZ an_AT1 admittedly_RR general_JJ treatment_NN1 of_IO these_DD2 concepts_NN2 ,_, while_CS unique_JJ exceptions_NN2 will_VM be_VBI addressed_VVN and_CC explained_VVN ._. 
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Particularly_RR the_AT evocation_NN1 of_IO anger_NN1 may_VM run_VVI counter_NN1 to_II fear-appeals_NN2 ._. 
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But_CCB in_II putting_VVG the_AT issue_NN1 off_RP to_II the_AT future_NN1 ,_, this_DD1 clause_NN1 would_VM turn_VVI out_RP to_TO be_VBI a_AT1 political_JJ landmine_NN1 in_II the_AT United_NP1 States_NP1 ._. 
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This_DD1 isolation_NN1 nurtured_VVD real_JJ and_CC perceived_VVD grievances_NN2 against_II Western_JJ authorities_NN2 and_CC increasing_JJ receptivity_NN1 to_II Turkish-media_JJ transmissions_NN2 of_IO Erdogan_NP1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 calling_VVG out_II21 of_II22 European_JJ countries_NN2 '_NULL exclusionary_JJ practices_NN2 and_CC snobbish_JJ attitudes_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
These_DD2 committees_NN2 are_VBR chaired_VVN by_II a_AT1 member_NN1 of_IO the_AT Fisheries_NN2 Council_NN1 and_CC include_VV0 members_NN2 from_II relevant_JJ industry_NN1 groups_NN2 ,_, usually_RR reporting_VVG to_II it_PPH1 at_II each_DD1 meeting_NN1 ._. 
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A_AT1 third_MD orientation_NN1 mark_NN1 is_VBZ the_AT policy_NN1 taken_VVN by_II the_AT party_NN1 on_II similar_JJ issues_NN2 in_II the_AT past_NN1 or_CC ,_, in_II the_AT case_NN1 of_IO the_AT Bundestag_NP1 ,_, if_CS a_AT1 resolution_NN1 has_VHZ been_VBN adopted_VVN by_II the_AT PPG_NP1 (_( German_NN1 :_: Fraktionsbeschluss_NP1 )_) ._. 
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Normative_JJ theorists_NN2 of_IO corruption_NN1 have_VH0 developed_VVN an_AT1 institutional_JJ conception_NN1 that_CST is_VBZ distinct_JJ from_II both_DB2 the_AT individualist_NN1 approaches_NN2 focused_VVN on_II quid_NN131 pro_NN132 quo_NN133 exchanges_NN2 and_CC other_JJ institutional_JJ approaches_NN2 found_VVN in_II the_AT literature_NN1 on_II developing_JJ societies_NN2 ._. 
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If_CS ,_, in_II the_AT immediate_JJ term_NN1 ,_, they_PPHS2 are_VBR not_XX swamped_VVN by_II the_AT old_JJ ruling_JJ classes_NN2 ,_, then_RT they_PPHS2 are_VBR given_JJ time_NNT1 to_TO develop_VVI their_APPGE forces_NN2 of_IO production_NN1 and_CC gain_VVI the_AT upper_JJ hand_NN1 (_( if_CS indeed_RR they_PPHS2 are_VBR relations_NN2 of_IO production_NN1 that_CST would_VM foster_VVI the_AT development_NN1 of_IO the_AT productive_JJ forces_NN2 more_RRR than_CSN their_APPGE competitors_NN2 )_) ._. 
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The_AT greatest_JJT difficulty_NN1 was_VBDZ determining_VVG the_AT months_NNT2 in_II which_DDQ the_AT fishing_NN1 grounds_NN2 were_VBDR used_VVN because_CS the_AT fishermen_NN2 made_VVD use_NN1 of_IO most_DAT fishing_NN1 gear_NN1 dependent_JJ on_II the_AT availability_NN1 of_IO fish_NN ._. 
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This_DD1 was_VBDZ not_XX only_RR because_CS (_( after_CS the_AT Lateran_NN1 Treaties_NN2 in_II 1929_MC )_) the_AT HS_NP2 acquired_VVD a_AT1 formal_JJ territory_NN1 ,_, but_CCB because_CS it_PPH1 pressed_VVD to_TO preserve_VVI its_APPGE normative_JJ influence_NN1 in_II the_AT international_JJ society_NN1 ._. 
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The_AT results_NN2 are_VBR stable_JJ both_RR for_IF the_AT full_JJ model_NN1 as_II31 well_II32 as_II33 the_AT two_MC country_NN1 models_NN2 ,_, which_DDQ indicates_VVZ that_CST our_APPGE missing_JJ values_NN2 are_VBR indeed_RR missing_VVG at_RR21 random_RR22 (_( see_VV0 Online_JJ Appendix_NN1 D_ZZ1 for_IF the_AT imputed_JJ models_NN2 and_CC more_DAR information_NN1 on_II missing_JJ data_NN )_) ,_, underlining_VVG the_AT robustness_NN1 of_IO our_APPGE findings_NN2 ._. 
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By_II empowering_JJ citizens_NN2 ,_, local_JJ agents_NN2 are_VBR constrained_VVN both_RR by_II the_AT central_JJ authority_NN1 and_CC the_AT people_NN ._. 
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Farmer_NN1 and_CC Green_NP1 (_( 2007_MC )_) and_CC Kurtz_NP1 et_RA21 al_RA22 ._. 
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(_( 2007_MC )_) also_RR claim_VV0 that_CST termlimited_VVD states_NN2 generally_RR engage_VV0 in_II less_RGR bureaucratic_JJ oversight_NN1 ._. 
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We_PPIS2 focus_VV0 on_II two_MC sets_NN2 of_IO structural_JJ influences_NN2 particularly_RR relevant_JJ for_IF mediatization_NN1 of_IO politics_NN1 :_: indicators_NN2 of_IO (_( a_ZZ1 )_) the_AT media_NN '_NULL s_ZZ1 autonomy_NN1 from_II political_JJ institutions_NN2 and_CC (_( b_ZZ1 )_) commercialization_NN1 pressure_NN1 on_II the_AT media_NN market_VV0 ._. 
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Rather_RR ,_, it_PPH1 has_VHZ expressed_VVN the_AT insufficiency_NN1 of_IO the_AT local_JJ ground-rent_NN1 to_TO support_VVI them_PPHO2 ._. 
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In_II other_JJ words_NN2 ,_, while_CS ontological_JJ security_NN1 and_CC the_AT concept_NN1 of_IO liminality_NN1 are_VBR useful_JJ conceptual_JJ frameworks_NN2 to_TO understand_VVI characteristics_NN2 and_CC a_AT1 particular_JJ behaviour_NN1 of_IO misplaced_JJ states_NN2 ,_, they_PPHS2 still_RR have_VH0 difficulty_NN1 in_II systematically_RR answering_VVG some_DD of_IO our_APPGE key_JJ questions_NN2 :_: How_RRQ are_VBR misplaced_JJ states_NN2 created_VVN in_II a_AT1 regional_JJ context_NN1 ?_? 
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The_AT finding_NN1 by_II John_NP1 Ishiyama_NP1 and_CC Anna_NP1 Batta_NP1 (_( 2011_MC )_) that_CST internal_JJ struggles_NN2 over_II identity_NN1 and_CC centralization_NN1 of_IO power_NN1 shape_NN1 the_AT long-term_JJ evolution_NN1 of_IO rebel_NN1 parties_NN2 offers_VVZ clues_NN2 into_II the_AT future_NN1 of_IO post-war_JJ democracy-building_NN1 in_II northern_JJ Syria_NP1 ._. 
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The_AT ECSC_NN1 was_VBDZ primarily_RR about_II containing_VVG post-World_JJ War_NN1 II_MC West_NP1 Germany_NP1 and_CC providing_VVG security_NN1 for_IF its_APPGE neighbours_NN2 ,_, most_RGT notably_RR France_NP1 ._. 
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Besides_RR ,_, even_CS21 if_CS22 they_PPHS2 change_VV0 things_NN2 in_II the_AT wrong_JJ direction_NN1 ,_, this_DD1 should_VM lead_VVI to_II subsequent_JJ failures_NN2 entailing_VVG either_RR military_JJ defeat_NN1 or_CC a_AT1 reevaluation_NN1 of_IO the_AT changes_NN2 made_VVD ._. 
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Among_II these_DD2 countries_NN2 ,_, Malaysia_NP1 is_VBZ one_MC1 of_IO the_AT most_RGT successful_JJ and_CC perhaps_RR the_AT one_PN1 that_CST resembles_VVZ the_AT most_DAT the_AT Asian_JJ miracles_NN2 ._. 
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In_II a_AT1 nutshell_NN1 ,_, the_AT essential_JJ point_NN1 made_VVN in_II these_DD2 first_MD interventions_NN2 to_TO counter_VVI Bohm-Bawerk_NP1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 objections_NN2 anticipated_VVD the_AT gist_NN1 of_IO what_DDQ some_DD years_NNT2 later_RRR would_VM constitute_VVI the_AT '_NULL canonical_JJ Hilferding-Bauer_NP1 '_NULL response_NN1 by_II Marxists_NN2 ._. 
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After_CS insti_NN2 tuting_VVG an_AT1 initial_JJ "_" pause_NN1 "_" in_II U.S-Soviet_JJ relations_NN2 ,_, by_II mid-1989_MC Bush_NP1 and_CC Secretary_NN1 of_IO State_NN1 James_NP1 Baker_NP1 started_VVD to_TO view_VVI Gorbachev_NP1 as_CSA somebody_PN1 they_PPHS2 could_VM work_VVI with_IW ._. 
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The_AT authors_NN2 are_VBR very_RG grateful_JJ to_II Srdjan_JJ Vucetic_NN1 and_CC Ted_NP1 Hopf_NP1 for_IF their_APPGE valuable_JJ comments_NN2 on_II the_AT earlier_JJR drafts_NN2 of_IO this_DD1 article_NN1 ._. 
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This_DD1 study_NN1 adopts_VVZ this_DD1 variable_NN1 since_CS fixed-asset_JJ investment_NN1 is_VBZ supposed_JJ to_TO be_VBI a_AT1 strong_JJ engine_NN1 for_IF China_NP1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 fast_JJ economic_JJ growth_NN1 ._. 
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American_JJ elites_NN2 convinced_VVD themselves_PPX2 of_IO its_APPGE necessity_NN1 ,_, and_CC they_PPHS2 collaborated_VVD with_IW foreign_JJ elites_NN2 to_TO nurture_VVI the_AT client_NN1 relationships_NN2 that_CST sustained_VVD it_PPH1 ._. 
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As_CSA its_APPGE utilization_NN1 for_IF warfare_NN1 linked_VVN scientific-technological_JJ knowledge_NN1 production_NN1 to_II the_AT security_NN1 of_IO the_AT state_NN1 ,_, science_NN1 became_VVD ,_, in_II stark_JJ contrast_NN1 to_II the_AT interwar_NN1 ideals_NN2 of_IO scientific_JJ in_II ternationalism_NN1 ,_, increasingly_RR ensconced_JJ within_II national_JJ borders_NN2 ._. 
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One_MC1 way_NN1 to_TO proceed_VVI would_VM be_VBI to_TO study_VVI the_AT impact_NN1 of_IO the_AT civil-society_JJ organizations_NN2 and_CC political_JJ activities_NN2 often_RR said_VVD to_TO be_VBI crucial_JJ to_II democratic_JJ responsivenessincluding_JJ specific_JJ types_NN2 of_IO organizations_NN2 such_II21 as_II22 businesses_NN2 ,_, unions_NN2 ,_, and_CC environmental_JJ organizations_NN2 ;_; organizations_NN2 defined_VVD more_RGR abstractly_RR ,_, such_II21 as_II22 interest_NN1 groups_NN2 and_CC SMOs_NN2 ;_; and_CC activities_NN2 including_II lobbying_NN1 and_CC protestingwhile_JJ developing_JJ theories_NN2 to_TO explain_VVI their_APPGE influence_NN1 ._. 
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He_PPHS1 also_RR argues_VVZ for_IF a_AT1 bureaucratic_JJ public_JJ ethics_NN organized_VVN around_II regime_NN1 values_NN2 ,_, as_CSA indicated_VVN in_II the_AT United_NP1 States_NP1 by_II Supreme_JJ Court_NN1 decisions_NN2 (_( Rohr_NP1 1978_MC ,_, 69_MC ,_, chap_NN1 ._. 
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We_PPIS2 point_VV0 specifically_RR to_II strategic_JJ narratives_NN2 as_CSA factors_NN2 that_CST connect_VV0 domestic_JJ populism_NN1 and_CC its_APPGE positioning_NN1 in_II the_AT internal_JJ political_JJ environment_NN1 with_IW the_AT politics_NN1 of_IO the_AT elite_NN1 leadership_NN1 and_CC its_APPGE international_JJ revisionist_NN1 aspirations_NN2 ._. 
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One_PN1 can_VM not_XX understand_VVI how_RRQ Parliament_NN1 operates_VVZ with_IW the_AT use_NN1 of_IO informal_JJ space_NN1 omitted_VVN from_II consideration_NN1 ._. 
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Following_VVG this_DD1 line_NN1 of_IO thinking_NN1 ,_, political_JJ representation_NN1 is_VBZ not_XX necessarily_RR a_AT1 democratic_JJ phenomenon_NN1 ._. 
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I_PPIS1 recognise_VV0 that_CST the_AT conceptual_JJ movement_NN1 in_II Hegemony_NN1 and_CC Socialist_JJ Strategy_NN1 canin_NN1 contrast_NN1 to_II his_APPGE 1977_MC bookbe_NN1 read_VVN without_IW substantial_JJ reference_NN1 to_II his_APPGE former_DA activism_NN1 in_II the_AT National_JJ Left_JJ ._. 
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The_AT first_MD layer_NN1 is_VBZ comprised_VVN of_IO profound_JJ and_CC firmly_RR embedded_JJ identities_NN2 created_VVN by_II regional_JJ and_CC historical_JJ references_NN2 ,_, such_II21 as_II22 the_AT Portuguese-Brazilian_JJ identity_NN1 and_CC Americanism_NN1 ._. 
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Over_II the_AT years_NNT2 ,_, they_PPHS2 built_VVD strong_JJ ,_, honest_JJ relations_NN2 and_CC maintained_VVD a_AT1 direct_JJ and_CC continuous_JJ communication_NN1 channel_NN1 ,_, working_VVG together_RL towards_II their_APPGE common_JJ goal_NN1 ._. 
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To_TO assess_VVI the_AT impact_NN1 of_IO '_NULL strong_JJ county_NN1 empowerment_NN1 for_IF prosperity_NN1 '_NULL on_II FR_NP1 ,_, local_JJ revenue_NN1 is_VBZ set_VVN as_II the_AT dependent_JJ variable_NN1 for_IF the_AT second_MD model_NN1 ._. 
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There_EX could_VM also_RR be_VBI political-economic-legal_JJ problems_NN2 occasioned_VVN by_II the_AT environmental_JJ release_NN1 of_IO GE_NP1 animals_NN2 with_IW gene_NN1 drives_NN2 ._. 
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The_AT predicted_JJ number_NN1 of_IO subarticles_NN2 deleted_VVD ,_, added_VVD ,_, or_CC changed_VVN is_VBZ two_MC if_CS the_AT cabinet_NN1 status_NN1 loses_VVZ a_AT1 majority_NN1 status_NN1 in_II the_AT previous_JJ session_NNT1 ,_, compared_VVN to_II seven_MC in_II cases_NN2 where_RRQ such_DA a_AT1 change_NN1 of_IO majority_NN1 status_NN1 does_VDZ not_XX occur_VVI ,_, holding_VVG all_DB else_RR constant_JJ ._. 
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Unlike_II the_AT didactic_JJ lessons_NN2 of_IO the_AT perfectionist_NN1 utopia_NN1 ,_, the_AT insights_NN2 to_TO be_VBI gleaned_VVN from_II the_AT Le_NP1 Guinean_NP1 utopia_NN1 are_VBR ambiguous_JJ ._. 
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In_II the_AT case_NN1 of_IO migratory_JJ fishes_NN2 ,_, whose_DDQGE ranges_NN2 often_RR extend_VV0 across_II multiple_JJ EEZs_NN2 ,_, the_AT conservation_JJ burden_NN1 associated_VVN with_IW closing_VVG an_AT1 area_NN1 for_IF protection_NN1 may_VM be_VBI disproportionately_RR borne_VVN by_II one_MC1 country_NN1 if_CS the_AT area_NN1 occurs_VVZ within_II their_APPGE waters_NN2 ,_, but_CCB all_DB fishing_NN1 countries_NN2 benefit_VV0 from_II its_APPGE implementation_NN1 ._. 
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This_DD1 totaled_VVD up_RG21 to_RG22 12_MC different_JJ experimental_JJ stimuli_NN2 (_( i.e._REX ,_, three_MC topics_NN2 per_II each_DD1 of_IO four_MC complexity_NN1 manipulation_NN1 conditions_NN2 )_) ,_, yet_RR participants_NN2 within_II each_DD1 condition_NN1 were_VBDR randomly_RR exposed_VVN to_II only_RR one_MC1 version_NN1 of_IO the_AT stimulus_NN1 ._. 
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This_DD1 share_NN1 of_IO communication_NN1 dedicated_VVN to_II legitimation_NN1 contains_VVZ information_NN1 about_II IOs_NN2 '_NULL perceived_VVD demand_NN1 for_IF legitimation_NN1 ._. 
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Yet_RR they_PPHS2 have_VH0 resulted_VVN in_II significantly_RR different_JJ outcomes_NN2 :_: whereas_CS the_AT euro_NN1 crisis_NN1 has_VHZ brought_VVN about_RP a_AT1 major_JJ deepening_JJ of_IO integration_NN1 ,_, the_AT Schengen_NP1 crisis_NN1 has_VHZ not_XX ._. 
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They_PPHS2 can_VM also_RR stuff_VVI ballot_NN1 boxes_NN2 themselves_PPX2 or_CC turn_VV0 a_AT1 blind_JJ eye_NN1 when_RRQ others_NN2 do_VD0 so_RR ._. 
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The_AT emphasis_NN1 here_RL also_RR differs_VVZ from_II classic_NN1 works_VVZ that_CST downplay_VV0 the_AT importance_NN1 of_IO diversity_NN1 in_II precolonial_JJ African_JJ political_JJ units_NN2 ._. 
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It_PPH1 had_VHD to_TO keep_VVI the_AT feeding_NN1 strictly_RR American_JJ ._. 
</s>
<s>
Our_APPGE findings_NN2 explain_VV0 why_RRQ the_AT recent_JJ development_NN1 of_IO open_JJ and_CC transparent_JJ grassroots_NN2 elections_NN2 is_VBZ reinforcing_VVG the_AT ruling_JJ capacity_NN1 of_IO the_AT socialist_JJ state_NN1 rather_II21 than_II22 enhancing_VVG self-governance_JJ and_CC grassroots_NN2 democracy_NN1 ,_, although_CS villagers_NN2 now_RT have_VH0 more_DAR opportunities_NN2 to_TO defend_VVI their_APPGE economic_JJ and_CC social_JJ rights_NN2 through_II elections_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
These_DD2 ideas_NN2 were_VBDR subsequently_RR taken_VVN up_RP by_II Kant_NP1 ,_, Hegel_NP1 and_CC others_NN2 ,_, including_II Marx_NP1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Hoover_NP1 needed_VVD an_AT1 entirely_RR civil_JJ organization_NN1 that_CST was_VBDZ nonpartisan_JJ ,_, trustworthy_JJ ,_, able_JJ ,_, and_CC "_" American_JJ ._. "_" 
</s>
<s>
Evans_NP1 '_NULL comments_VVZ here_RL dovetail_VV0 with_IW the_AT much_RR greater_JJR postwar_JJ doubt_NN1 about_II the_AT previous_JJ optimistic_JJ liberal_JJ notion_NN1 of_IO progress_NN1 in_II British_JJ history_NN1 ,_, exemplified_VVD perhaps_RR most_RGT prominently_RR in_II 1931_MC by_II Herbert_NP1 Butterfield_NP1 ,_, The_AT Whig_JJ Interpretation_NN1 of_IO History_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT UN_NP1 Global_JJ Plan_NN1 of_IO Action_NN1 to_II Combat_NN1 Trafficking_VVG in_II Persons_NN2 ,_, for_REX21 example_REX22 ,_, "_" encourages_VVZ the_AT law_NN1 enforcement_NN1 ,_, immigration_NN1 ,_, border_NN1 patrol_NN1 or_CC other_JJ relevant_JJ authorities_NN2 of_IO concerned_JJ States_NN2 to_TO cooperate_VVI with_IW one_PPX121 another_PPX122 by_II exchanging_VVG information_NN1 ..._... in_BCL21 order_BCL22 to_TO enhance_VVI investigations_NN2 ,_, prosecutions_NN2 and_CC detection_NN1 of_IO trafficking_VVG networks_NN2 ._. "_" 
</s>
<s>
Amy_NP1 Sayward_NP1 demonstrated_VVD the_AT influence_NN1 of_IO develop_VV0 ment_NN1 thinking_VVG on_II the_AT establishment_NN1 and_CC practices_NN2 of_IO United_JJ Nations_NN2 agencies_NN2 ,_, focusing_VVG in_RR21 particular_RR22 on_II the_AT World_NN1 Bank_NN1 ,_, the_AT UN_NP1 Food_NN1 and_CC Agriculture_NN1 Organization_NN1 ,_, and_CC the_AT World_NN1 Health_NN1 Organization_NN1 and_CC tracing_VVG the_AT emergence_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 network_NN1 of_IO experts_NN2 who_PNQS self-identified_JJ as_CSA "_" international_JJ civil_JJ servants_NN2 "_" rather_II21 than_II22 representatives_NN2 of_IO any_DD one_MC1 nation_NN1 ,_, with_IW attendant_JJ discourses_NN2 of_IO scientific_JJ ex_II pertise_NN1 and_CC apolitical_JJ professionalism_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
To_TO evaluate_VVI these_DD2 claims_NN2 ,_, we_PPIS2 analyzed_VVD the_AT background_NN1 information_NN1 of_IO the_AT delegates_NN2 who_PNQS initiated_VVD the_AT NPC_NP1 bill_NN1 and_CC CPPCC_NP1 proposal_NN1 ,_, and_CC Table_NN1 1_MC1 below_RL reports_VVZ the_AT summary_NN1 statistics_NN ._. 
</s>
<s>
Disagreements_NN2 between_II theories_NN2 are_VBR about_II the_AT impact_NN1 of_IO the_AT same_DA type_NN1 of_IO organization_NN1 or_CC activity_NN1 ;_; for_REX21 example_REX22 ,_, Gilens_NP1 and_CC Page_NN1 (_( 2014_MC )_) show_VV0 that_CST some_DD theories_NN2 predict_VV0 mass-based_JJ interest_NN1 groups_NN2 will_VM affect_VVI policy_NN1 ,_, whereas_CS others_NN2 predict_VV0 that_CST they_PPHS2 will_VM not_XX ._. 
</s>
<s>
There_RL Aristotle_NP1 details_NN2 five_MC types_NN2 of_IO democracy_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Is_VBZ there_EX a_AT1 world-independent_JJ standpoint_NN1 that_CST can_VM rescue_VVI our_APPGE condemnations_NN2 and_CC commendations_NN2 from_II a_AT1 totalizing_JJ arbitrariness_NN1 ,_, in_II which_DDQ everything_PN1 is_VBZ "_" relative_JJ "_" ?_? 
</s>
<s>
Intense_JJ media_NN coverage_NN1 implies_VVZ an_AT1 accelerated_JJ process_NN1 of_IO national_JJ discourse_NN1 formation_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Cooperation_NN1 represents_VVZ an_AT1 intervening_JJ dynamic_NN1 in_II potentially_RR violent_JJ contentious_JJ politics_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Overall_RR ,_, we_PPIS2 hypothesize_VV0 US_PPIO2 presidential_JJ turnover_NN1 to_TO be_VBI associated_VVN with_IW changes_NN2 in_II ambassadorial_JJ appointees_NN2 and_CC for_IF the_AT effect_NN1 to_TO be_VBI stronger_JJR for_IF political_JJ appointees_NN2 compared_VVN to_II career_NN1 diplomats_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Usury_NN1 facilitated_VVD a_AT1 slave_NN1 and_CC money_NN1 economy_NN1 in_II Ancient_JJ society_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
A_AT1 longstanding_JJ KPMG_NP1 official_NN1 ,_, Stone_NN1 was_VBDZ also_RR chairman_NN1 of_IO the_AT IFSL_NP1 (_( formerly_RR British_JJ Invisibles_NP1 ,_, now_RT part_NN1 of_IO The_AT City_NN1 UK_NP1 )_) ,_, the_AT PPP_NP1 Export_NN1 group_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT elements_NN2 of_IO our_APPGE conceptual_JJ framework_NN1 are_VBR presented_VVN and_CC connected_VVN in_II Figure_NN1 1_MC1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Further_RRR ,_, one_PN1 could_VM consider_VVI how_RGQ international_JJ institutional_JJ commitments_NN2 might_VM moderate_VVI this_DD1 high_JJ interdependent_JJ concern_NN1 regarding_VVG whether_CSW31 or_CSW32 not_CSW33 coun_NN1 tries_NN2 might_VM follow_VVI or_CC compete_VVI with_IW another_DD1 country_NN1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 policy_NN1 lead_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Also_RR from_II the_AT World_NN1 Bank_NN1 is_VBZ data_NN on_II the_AT average_JJ Unemployment_NN1 rate_NN1 and_CC Inflation_NN1 rate_NN1 between_II elections_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
We_PPIS2 next_MD turn_NN1 to_II the_AT moderation_NN1 mechanism_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
This_DD1 allows_VVZ us_PPIO2 to_TO establish_VVI a_AT1 consistent_JJ measurement_NN1 across_II EU_NP1 mem_NN1 ber_NN1 states_NN2 of_IO the_AT relative_JJ level_NN1 of_IO interdependence_NN1 between_II the_AT individual_JJ states_NN2 and_CC Russia_NP1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Such_DA vibrant_JJ nautical_JJ talks_NN2 encompassed_VVD local_JJ issues_NN2 ,_, movies_NN2 ,_, politics_NN1 ,_, social_JJ dynamics_NN ,_, indigenous_JJ knowledge_NN1 ,_, moneylending_VVG ,_, poverty_NN1 ,_, and_RR31 so_RR32 on_RR33 without_IW calculation_NN1 and_CC calibration_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
These_DD2 include_VV0 that_CST principals_NN2 aim_VV0 to_TO keep_VVI control_NN1 over_II their_APPGE agent_NN1 ,_, that_CST we_PPIS2 find_VV0 agents_NN2 acting_VVG opportunistically_RR ,_, that_CST principals_NN2 sanction_VV0 the_AT agent_NN1 if_CS needed_VVN and_CC that_CST the_AT heterogeneity_NN1 of_IO preferences_NN2 amongst_II principals_NN2 decreases_VVZ the_AT level_NN1 of_IO authority_NN1 delegated_VVN to_II the_AT agent_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
In_RR21 addition_RR22 ,_, as_CSA noted_VVN ,_, we_PPIS2 include_VV0 a_AT1 dummy_NN1 capturing_VVG whether_CSW31 or_CSW32 not_CSW33 the_AT government_NN1 called_VVN a_AT1 SOE_NP1 in_II the_AT preceding_JJ year_NNT1 in_II the_AT first_MD step_NN1 ,_, as_CSA this_DD1 captures_VVZ both_RR a_AT1 general_JJ willingness_NN1 to_TO call_VVI an_AT1 emergency_NN1 and_CC whether_CSW previous_JJ states_NN2 of_IO emergency_NN1 might_VM help_VVI prevent_VVI future_JJ attacks_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Meanwhile_RR ,_, we_PPIS2 find_VV0 some_DD evidence_NN1 that_CST political_JJ connections_NN2 play_VV0 an_AT1 important_JJ role_NN1 in_II the_AT promotion_NN1 of_IO seemingly_RR age_VV0 ineligible_JJ mayors_NN2 in_II one_MC1 model_NN1 (_( column_NN1 4_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
These_DD2 are_VBR most_RGT similar_JJ cases_NN2 ;_; they_PPHS2 are_VBR similar_JJ on_II all_DB relevant_JJ independent_JJ variables_NN2 (_( each_DD1 case_NN1 is_VBZ proximate_JJ to_II an_AT1 international_JJ border_NN1 and_CC affected_VVN by_II the_AT Colombian_JJ armed_JJ conflict_NN1 ,_, weak_JJ state_NN1 governance_NN1 ,_, and_CC transnational_JJ organized_JJ crime_NN1 )_) except_II the_AT variable_NN1 of_IO interest_NN1 (_( the_AT localities_NN2 fulfill_VV0 different_JJ functions_NN2 in_II the_AT illicit_JJ supply_NN1 chain_NN1 network_NN1 )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Disrupting_VVG and_CC diverting_VVG those_DD2 markets_NN2 creates_VVZ policy_NN1 externalities_NN2 among_II interdependent_JJ states_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Such_DA a_AT1 refusal_NN1 would_VM have_VHI led_VVN to_II a_AT1 bankruptcy_NN1 of_IO the_AT Greek_JJ banking_NN1 system_NN1 and_CC threatened_VVD the_AT Eurozone_NN1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 stability_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
This_DD1 was_VBDZ a_AT1 complete_JJ model_NN1 ,_, within_II which_DDQ growth_NN1 was_VBDZ simply_RR and_CC definitionally_RR an_AT1 inherent_JJ part_NN1 of_IO socialist_JJ construction_NN1 ,_, albeit_CS to_TO happen_VVI under_II local_JJ conditions_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
First_MD ,_, we_PPIS2 discuss_VV0 the_AT existing_JJ literature_NN1 on_II representation_NN1 in_II31 relation_II32 to_II33 our_APPGE theory_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Because_CS it_PPH1 is_VBZ closely_RR related_VVN to_II partisanship_NN1 ,_, the_AT phenomenon_NN1 of_IO mass_JJ polarization_NN1 has_VHZ rarely_RR been_VBN explored_VVN within_II authoritarian_JJ or_CC semi-authoritarian_JJ systems_NN2 where_RRQ a_AT1 fair_JJ multi-party_JJ election_NN1 is_VBZ absent_JJ or_CC dysfunctional_JJ ._. 
</s>
<s>
Some_DD get_VV0 overenthusiastic_JJ about_II the_AT advancement_NN1 level_NN1 and_CC international_JJ competitiveness_NN1 of_IO Chinese_JJ private_JJ high-tech_JJ companies_NN2 ,_, others_NN2 show_VV0 cases_NN2 of_IO intellectual_JJ property_NN1 violations_NN2 which_DDQ are_VBR far_RR from_II being_VBG isolated_VVN ._. 
</s>
<s>
Autonomous_JJ enclaves_NN2 of_IO relocated_JJ highlanders_NN2 emerged_VVD in_II the_AT lowlands_NN2 ,_, and_CC were_VBDR granted_VVN significant_JJ privileges_NN2 (_( larger_JJR land_NN1 plots_NN2 ,_, higher_JJR prices_NN2 for_IF their_APPGE products_NN2 ,_, immunity_NN1 from_II high_JJ taxes_NN2 ,_, special_JJ quotas_NN2 in_II education_NN1 )_) that_CST caused_VVD resentment_NN1 among_II the_AT Kumyks_NP1 (_( Dydymov_NP1 1995-1996_MCMC ,_, pp_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT rationale_NN1 behind_II this_DD1 aspect_NN1 of_IO rebalancing_VVG policy_NN1 is_VBZ a_AT1 belief_NN1 that_CST China_NP1 may_VM become_VVI a_AT1 '_NULL responsible_JJ stakeholder_NN1 in_II a_AT1 stable_JJ ,_, liberal_JJ and_CC democratic_JJ international_JJ order_NN1 '_NULL ._. 
</s>
<s>
Consider_VV0 Table_NN1 3_MC and_CC the_AT divergent_JJ stories_NN2 of_IO the_AT Netherlands_NP1 and_CC Italy_NP1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
A_AT1 survey_NN1 conducted_VVN as_II a_AT1 part_NN1 of_IO the_AT NEORUS_NN1 project_NN1 (_( 2013_MC )_) adds_VVZ another_DD1 layer_NN1 to_II the_AT findings_NN2 of_IO the_AT Levada_NP1 Center_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT state_NN1 legislature_NN1 was_VBDZ given_VVN less_RRR than_CSN a_AT1 month_NNT1 to_TO submit_VVI a_AT1 new_JJ plan_NN1 to_II the_AT governor_NN1 ,_, who_PNQS had_VHD one_MC1 week_NNT1 to_TO approve_VVI it_PPH1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Focusing_VVG solely_RR on_II the_AT nomadic_JJ Mongolian_JJ element_NN1 presents_VVZ the_AT Crimean_JJ Tatars_NN2 as_CSA immigrants_NN2 or_CC invaders_NN2 as_II31 opposed_II32 to_II33 an_AT1 indigenous_JJ population_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Empirical_JJ justifications_NN2 for_IF this_DD1 are_VBR manifold_JJ ._. 
</s>
<s>
James_NP1 A._NP1 Gardner_NP1 (_( e.g._REX ,_, 2006a_FO ,_, 2006b_FO )_) has_VHZ undertaken_VVN comprehensive_JJ studies_NN2 of_IO the_AT range_NN1 of_IO state_NN1 constitutional_JJ provisions_NN2 with_IW implications_NN2 for_IF voting_NN1 and_CC elections_NN2 and_CC for_IF gerrymandering_VVG ._. 
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<s>
In_II the_AT Scottish_JJ system_NN1 ,_, on_II the_AT other_JJ hand_NN1 ,_, the_AT refusal_NN1 of_IO an_AT1 individual_JJ renewable_JJ energy_NN1 project_NN1 licence_NN1 does_VDZ not_XX have_VHI immediate_JJ consequences_NN2 for_IF the_AT possibility_NN1 to_TO reach_VVI the_AT national_JJ renewable_JJ energy_NN1 targets_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
However_RR ,_, while_CS he_PPHS1 criticizes_VVZ Foucault_NN1 for_IF not_XX having_VHG taken_VVN sufficiently_RR into_II account_NN1 authoritarian_JJ measures_NN2 of_IO liberal_JJ rule_NN1 ,_, Hindess_NP1 sees_VVZ governmentality_NN1 as_CSA related_VVN to_II ,_, but_CCB not_XX as_RG identical_JJ with_IW liberalism_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Nevertheless_RR ,_, political_JJ issues_NN2 that_CST are_VBR commonly_RR associated_VVN with_IW the_AT GAL/TAN_NN1 scaleespecially_RR immigrationare_VV0 clearly_RR restructuring_VVG political_JJ conflicts_NN2 in_II the_AT short_JJ run_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Destination_NN1 states_VVZ like_II Germany_NP1 and_CC Sweden_NP1 ,_, prosperous_JJ countries_NN2 with_IW a_AT1 comparatively_RR liberal_JJ asylum_NN1 regime_NN1 ,_, were_VBDR strongly_RR affected_VVN by_II secondary_JJ migrant_NN1 movement_NN1 owing_II21 to_II22 attractive_JJ conditions_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
We_PPIS2 also_RR observe_VV0 weak_JJ evidence_NN1 for_IF positive_JJ effects_NN2 of_IO recessions_NN2 ,_, and_CC some_DD indications_NN2 that_CST terrorist_JJ attacks_NN2 may_VM be_VBI less_RGR likely_JJ at_II the_AT same_DA time_NNT1 of_IO natural_JJ disasters_NN2 and_CC in_II mixed_JJ democracies_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
I_PPIS1 shall_VM call_VVI the_AT four_MC types_NN2 of_IO political_JJ theory_NN1 ,_, with_IW some_DD justification_NN1 ,_, positive_JJ ,_, normative_JJ ,_, third_MD way_NN1 ,_, and_CC sceptical_JJ political_JJ theory_NN1 ,_, and_CC I_PPIS1 shall_VM call_VVI the_AT original_JJ type_NN1 of_IO political_JJ theory_NN1 ,_, the_AT one_PN1 found_VVD in_II the_AT nineteenth_MD century_NNT1 ,_, canonical_JJ political_JJ theory_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
First_MD ,_, were_VBDR there_RL dis_DD1 cernible_JJ trends_NN2 in_II the_AT extent_NN1 of_IO media_NN references_NN2 to_II the_AT MDGsby_NP1 year_NNT1 ,_, publication_NN1 ,_, and_CC geography_NN1 over_II the_AT relevant_JJ period_NN1 ?_? 
</s>
<s>
Some_DD felt_VVD uneasy_JJ that_CST the_AT anti-Soviet_JJ laws_NN2 were_VBDR using_VVG methods_NN2 the_AT Soviets_NN2 might_VM have_VHI found_VVN familiar_JJ :_: the_AT removal_NN1 of_IO the_AT symbols_NN2 of_IO the_AT vanquished_JJ regime_NN1 and_CC the_AT imposition_NN1 of_IO the_AT '_NULL victors_NN2 '_NULL version_NN1 '_NULL of_IO history_NN1 (_( Pinkham_NP1 2015_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
This_DD1 proactive_JJ involvement_NN1 ,_, driven_VVN by_II the_AT industry_NN1 highlights_VVZ the_AT ability_NN1 for_IF instilling_VVG variety_NN1 in_II approaches_NN2 and_CC means_NN of_IO participation_NN1 in_II fishery_NN1 management_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
In_II recent_JJ years_NNT2 however_RR ,_, potentially_RR as_II an_AT1 effect_NN1 of_IO increased_JJ international_JJ interdependence_NN1 ,_, legislators_NN2 have_VH0 started_VVN finding_VVG their_APPGE voice_NN1 on_II the_AT international_JJ stage_NN1 ,_, thereby_RR injecting_VVG new_JJ and_CC different_JJ elements_NN2 into_II politics_NN1 and_CC policies_NN2 formerly_RR dictated_VVN almost_RR exclusively_RR by_II the_AT executive_NN1 branch_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Populism_NN1 should_VM be_VBI considered_VVN as_II a_AT1 badly_RR needed_VVN ,_, corrective_JJ plebeian_JJ intervention_NN1 against_II oligarchy_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Insofar_CS21 as_CS22 blind_JJ persons_NN2 rely_VV0 on_II different_JJ sensory_JJ perceptions_NN2 than_CSN sighted_VVN ,_, they_PPHS2 take_VV0 these_DD2 as_II the_AT foundation_NN1 for_IF their_APPGE participation_NN1 in_II the_AT language_NN1 games_NN2 of_IO those_DD2 around_II them_PPHO2 ,_, usually_RR sighted_VVN persons_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
I_PPIS1 think_VV0 this_DD1 is_VBZ primarily_RR because_II21 of_II22 Sheikha_NP1 Moza_NP1 –_- she_PPHS1 is_VBZ a_AT1 great_JJ role_NN1 model_NN1 for_IF working_VVG women_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Separately_RR ,_, at_RR21 least_RR22 one_MC1 NGO_NP1 has_VHZ argued_VVN that_CST the_AT United_JJ Nations_NN2 has_VHZ a_AT1 due_JJ diligence_NN1 obligation_NN1 "_" to_TO ensure_VVI that_CST civilians_NN2 in_II the_AT host_NN1 State_NN1 are_VBR protected_VVN from_II criminal_JJ acts_NN2 perpetrated_VVD by_II troop-contributing_JJ countries_NN2 "_" and_CC incurs_VVZ international_JJ responsibility_NN1 when_CS that_DD1 obligation_NN1 is_VBZ breached_VVN ._. 
</s>
<s>
Moreover_RR ,_, important_JJ is_VBZ that_CST an_AT1 annual_JJ limit_NN1 applies_VVZ on_II the_AT amount_NN1 of_IO earned_JJ income_NN1 for_IF outside_JJ employment_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Consequently_RR ,_, most_DAT of_IO the_AT things_NN2 representatives_NN2 do_VD0 in_II the_AT present_NN1 are_VBR attributed_VVN to_II the_AT MPs_NNU '_NULL individual_JJ desire_NN1 for_IF future_JJ re-election_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT entrepreneur_NN1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 role_NN1 ,_, however_RR ,_, starts_VVZ well_RR in_II advance_NN1 ._. 
</s>
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There_EX is_VBZ not_XX a_AT1 statistically_RR significant_JJ outparty_JJ effect_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Increased_JJ security_NN1 threats_NN2 should_VM generally_RR lead_VVI to_II more_DAR emphasis_NN1 on_II military_JJ preparedness_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
After_II reading_VVG satire_NN1 ,_, audiences_NN2 will_VM be_VBI more_RGR concerned_JJ about_II the_AT problems_NN2 of_IO dictatorship_NN1 and_CC willing_JJ to_TO participate_VVI in_II contentious_JJ politics_NN1 to_TO resist_VVI the_AT regime_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
We_PPIS2 test_VV0 our_APPGE expectations_NN2 by_II exploring_VVG the_AT estimated_JJ coefficients_NN2 and_CC presenting_VVG graphical_JJ interpretations_NN2 where_RRQ appropriate_JJ ._. 
</s>
<s>
Given_VVN this_DD1 paper_NN1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 focus_VV0 on_RP how_RGQ shared_JJ ideas_NN2 affect_VV0 lobbying_VVG success_NN1 ,_, exploring_VVG ideas_NN2 as_CSA incidentals_NN2 seems_VVZ unlikely_JJ to_TO yield_VVI fruitful_JJ insights_NN2 and_CC thus_RR will_VM not_XX be_VBI explored_VVN ._. 
</s>
<s>
In_II this_DD1 article_NN1 ,_, I_PPIS1 show_VV0 that_CST these_DD2 two_MC dimensions_NN2 of_IO political_JJ liberalism_NN1 are_VBR in_II tension_NN1 with_IW one_PPX121 another_PPX122 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT populist_JJ governments_NN2 that_CST would_VM coopt_VVI the_AT idea_NN1 of_IO popular_JJ repudiation_NN1 would_VM probably_RR repudiate_VVI their_APPGE treaties_NN2 anyway_RR :_: a_AT1 government_NN1 that_CST is_VBZ hostile_JJ to_II international_JJ law_NN1 does_VDZ not_XX need_VVI a_AT1 pretext_NN1 to_TO violate_VVI it_PPH1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Indeed_RR ,_, the_AT more_RRR the_AT Jordanian_JJ leadership_NN1 studied_VVD the_AT agreement_NN1 the_AT clearer_JJR it_PPH1 became_VVD that_CST it_PPH1 was_VBDZ a_AT1 "_" radical_JJ change_NN1 "_" from_II Carter_NP1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 positions_VVZ early_RR in_II his_APPGE administration_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
For_IF the_AT provincial_JJ results_NN2 ,_, we_PPIS2 use_VV0 data_NN on_II provincial_JJ party_NN1 identification_NN1 from_II the_AT 2018_MC CYR_NP1 Survey_NN1 ;_; here_RL we_PPIS2 estimate_VV0 the_AT proportion_NN1 of_IO NDP_NP1 and_CC UCP_NP1 identifiers_NN2 who_PNQS identify_VV0 with_IW the_AT UCP_NP1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
This_DD1 group_NN1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 primary_JJ motives_NN2 ,_, further_RRR ,_, are_VBR reduced_VVN to_II the_AT remit_NN1 of_IO politicsensuring_VVG regime_NN1 survivalrather_NN1 than_CSN construed_VVN in_II31 relation_II32 to_II33 the_AT economic_JJ functions_NN2 that_CST state-capitalist_JJ elites_NN2 assume_VV0 in_II the_AT course_NN1 of_IO capitalist_JJ development_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
In_II Table_NN1 3_MC ,_, we_PPIS2 present_VV0 the_AT probability_NN1 of_IO strongly_RR disapproving_JJ of_IO Trump_NN1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 handling_NN1 of_IO crime_NN1 and_CC Trump_VV0 '_NULL s_ZZ1 job_NN1 performance_NN1 as_CSA president_NN1 ,_, since_CS this_DD1 response_NN1 option_NN1 is_VBZ where_RRQ we_PPIS2 observe_VV0 the_AT largest_JJT effect_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Rational_JJ institutionalist_NN1 theories_NN2 ,_, along_II21 with_II22 research_NN1 on_II norms_NN2 and_CC international_JJ law_NN1 ,_, have_VH0 argued_VVN that_CST publicizing_JJ noncompliance_NN1 can_VM reverse_VVI deviant_JJ behavior_NN1 through_II punishment_NN1 and_CC sanctions_NN2 ,_, and_CC can_VM reassure_VVI compliers_NN2 that_CST they_PPHS2 will_VM learn_VVI whether_CSW others_NN2 fail_VV0 to_TO comply_VVI ._. 
</s>
<s>
Public_JJ concern_NN1 with_IW the_AT legitimacy_NN1 of_IO these_DD2 bold_JJ new_JJ forms_NN2 of_IO nonviolent_JJ protest_NN1 intensified_VVD the_AT following_JJ year_NNT1 when_RRQ interracial_JJ groups_NN2 of_IO activists_NN2 boarded_VVD buses_NN2 headed_VVN to_II the_AT deep_JJ South_ND1 in_BCL21 order_BCL22 to_TO challenge_VVI the_AT constitutional_JJ legitimacy_NN1 of_IO segregation_NN1 in_II interstate_JJ travel_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
For_REX21 instance_REX22 ,_, at_RR21 present_RR22 ,_, when_CS ISPs_NN2 find_VV0 undiscovered_JJ CAMs_NN2 ,_, they_PPHS2 are_VBR referred_VVN to_II the_AT national_JJ repository_NN1 or_CC LEAs_NP2 for_IF further_JJR consideration_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
By_II that_DD1 time_NNT1 ,_, the_AT Soviet_JJ ambas_NN2 sador_NN1 was_VBDZ already_RR in_II serious_JJ trouble_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Other_JJ governmental_JJ answers_NN2 to_II social_JJ unrest_NN1 included_VVD the_AT codification_NN1 of_IO the_AT Poor_JJ Law_NN1 in_II the_AT act_NN1 of_IO 1598_MC ,_, the_AT building_NN1 of_IO municipal_JJ granaries_NN2 ,_, communal_JJ control_NN1 of_IO scarce_JJ food_NN1 supplies_NN2 ,_, the_AT procurement_NN1 of_IO imported_JJ grain_NN1 ,_, and_CC municipal_JJ food_NN1 relief_NN1 funds_NN2 (_( Bohstedt_NP1 ,_, 2010_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
That_REX21 is_REX22 ,_, political_JJ entrepreneurs_NN2 appeal_VV0 to_II a_AT1 particular_JJ identity_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
I_PPIS1 use_VV0 a_AT1 triangular_JJ kernel_NN1 (_( that_DD1 employs_VVZ higher_JJR weights_NN2 for_IF those_DD2 observations_NN2 closer_RRR to_II the_AT cut-off_NN1 )_) and_CC fix_VV0 bandwidths_NN2 using_VVG data-driven_JJ techniques_NN2 to_TO minimize_VVI the_AT mean_JJ squared_JJ error_NN1 (_( MSE_NP1 )_) of_IO the_AT treatment_NN1 effects_NN2 point_VV0 estimate_NN1 (_( Cattaneo_NP1 ,_, Idrobo_NP1 ,_, and_CC Titiunik_NP1 2018a_FO )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
In_II the_AT third_MD and_CC final_JJ case_NN1 ,_, it_PPH1 was_VBDZ shown_VVN how_RRQ two_MC psychologists_NN2 participated_VVD in_II discussions_NN2 around_II the_AT academic_JJ ,_, political_JJ and_CC professional_JJ dimensions_NN2 of_IO psychology_NN1 during_II the_AT 1960s_MC2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
For_IF analytical_JJ clarity_NN1 ,_, we_PPIS2 apply_VV0 a_AT1 differentiated_JJ approach_NN1 to_II parliamentarisation_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
To_TO address_VVI Malaysia_NP1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 transition_NN1 to_II high-income_JJ status_NN1 ,_, the_AT government_NN1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 new_JJ comprehensive_JJ reform_NN1 plan_NN1 under_II the_AT Economic_JJ Transformation_NN1 Program_NN1 and_CC the_AT 10th_MD Malaysia_NP1 Plan_NN1 is_VBZ currently_RR being_VBG implemented_VVN ._. 
</s>
<s>
There_EX are_VBR 15,000_MC enterprises_NN2 in_II the_AT whole_JJ district_NN1 ,_, so_RR on_II average_NN1 ,_, a_AT1 party_NN1 worker_NN1 in_II a_AT1 business_NN1 district_NN1 takes_VVZ care_NN1 of_IO 500_MC enterprises_NN2 ,_, which_DDQ is_VBZ already_RR a_AT1 large_JJ number_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
No_AT wonder_NN1 then_RT that_CST there_EX has_VHZ never_RR even_RR been_VBN a_AT1 consensus_NN1 in_II theoretical_JJ discussion_NN1 as_II21 to_II22 what_DDQ capitalism_NN1 is_VBZ and_CC ,_, especially_RR ,_, as_II21 to_II22 what_DDQ socialism_NN1 is_VBZ ._. 
</s>
<s>
He_PPHS1 sent_VVD a_AT1 personal_JJ message_NN1 to_II Israeli_JJ Prime_JJ Minister_NN1 Levi_NP1 Eshkol_NP1 and_CC met_VVN with_IW Foreign_JJ Minister_NN1 Abba_NP1 Eban_NP1 at_II the_AT White_NP1 House_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
As_CSA sovereign_JJ bond_NN1 markets_NN2 remain_VV0 segmented_VVN along_II national_JJ lines_NN2 in_II the_AT Eurozone_NN1 ,_, the_AT creation_NN1 of_IO an_AT1 integrated_JJ market_NN1 for_IF federal_JJ Eurobonds_NN2 is_VBZ generally_RR seen_VVN as_II a_AT1 precondition_NN1 for_IF the_AT euro_NN1 to_TO rival_VVI the_AT US_NP1 dollar_NNU1 as_II an_AT1 international_JJ currency_NN1 (_( Eichengreen_NP1 ,_, 2011_MC ;_; Helleiner_NP1 ,_, 2008_MC ,_, 2015_MC ;_; McNamara_NP1 ,_, 2008_MC ;_; Otero-Iglesias_NN2 ,_, 2014_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Through_II its_APPGE application_NN1 ,_, realist_NN1 studies_NN2 might_VM contribute_VVI novel_JJ political_JJ theories_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
As_II a_AT1 result_NN1 ,_, NGOs_NP2 have_VH0 started_VVN to_TO apply_VVI for_IF funding_NN1 from_II different_JJ sources_NN2 such_II21 as_II22 the_AT European_JJ Union_NN1 ,_, which_DDQ has_VHZ funding_NN1 opportunities_NN2 similar_JJ to_II USAID_NP1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 former_DA programmes_NN2 ,_, grant_VV0 programmes_NN2 sponsored_VVN by_II foreign_JJ embassies_NN2 ,_, and_CC funding_NN1 from_II Russian_JJ foundations_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Another_DD1 potential_JJ concern_NN1 is_VBZ about_II omitted_JJ variables_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
On_II the_AT contrary_NN1 ,_, Christensen_NP1 and_CC Selway_NP1 (_( 2017_MC )_) concluded_VVD that_CST LDP_NP1 politicians_NN2 "_" have_VH0 continued_VVN their_APPGE long_JJ history_NN1 of_IO particularistic_JJ policies_NN2 and_CC pork_NN1 barrel_NN1 politics_NN1 "_" after_II reform_NN1 (_( see_VV0 also_RR Bawn_VV0 &;_NULL Thies_NN2 ,_, 2003_MC ;_; Krauss_NP1 &;_NULL Pekkanen_NP1 ,_, 2010_MC ;_; McKean_NP1 &;_NULL Scheiner_NP1 ,_, 2000_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
A_AT1 week_NNT1 after_II the_AT assassina_NN1 tion_NN1 ,_, the_AT Defense_NN1 Intelligence_NN1 Agency_NN1 assessed_VVN that_CST "_" the_AT reach_NN1 of_IO DINAcited_JJ as_CSA responsiblealmost_JJ certainly_RR (_( 80_MC percent_NNU )_) does_VDZ not_XX extend_VVI to_II the_AT United_NP1 States_NP1 ._. "_" 
</s>
<s>
Various_JJ commentators_NN2 found_VVD the_AT motive_NN1 behind_II the_AT shootings_NN2 to_TO be_VBI economic_JJ conflicts_NN2 Georgadze_NP1 had_VHD with_IW the_AT local_JJ city_NN1 administration_NN1 ,_, despite_II their_APPGE long_JJ history_NN1 of_IO partnership_NN1 (_( Kashin_NP1 ,_, 2015_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
As_II a_AT1 result_NN1 ,_, organizations_NN2 can_VM not_XX always_RR avoid_VVI reputational_JJ costs_NN2 altogether_RR ,_, though_CS they_PPHS2 may_VM be_VBI able_JK to_TO choose_VVI where_RRQ the_AT blows_NN2 land_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
According_II21 to_II22 H4_FO ,_, we_PPIS2 expect_VV0 IEAs_NN2 and_CC PTAs_NP2 with_IW environmental_JJ provisions_NN2 to_TO be_VBI more_RGR strongly_RR related_VVN to_II environmental_JJ legislative_JJ change_NN1 when_CS they_PPHS2 are_VBR signed_VVN with_IW high-income_JJ partners_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Powerful_JJ courts_NN2 are_VBR anti-majoritarian_JJ institutions_NN2 intended_VVD to_TO protect_VVI the_AT minority_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
This_DD1 group_NN1 is_VBZ important_JJ ,_, and_CC is_VBZ one_PN1 we_PPIS2 will_VM come_VVI back_RP to_II later_JJR because_CS it_PPH1 points_VVZ to_II how_RRQ the_AT Leave_NN1 campaign_NN1 comprised_VVD notably_RR contrasting_JJ visions_NN2 of_IO the_AT country_NN1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 future_JJ ,_, and_CC how_RRQ following_II the_AT referendum_NN1 tensions_NN2 within_II the_AT Leave_NN1 camp_NN1 have_VH0 emerged_VVN ._. 
</s>
<s>
Intermediary_NN1 organisations_NN2 can_VM resolve_VVI cooperation_NN1 problems_NN2 by_II serving_VVG as_II a_AT1 neutral_JJ third_MD party_NN1 that_CST can_VM help_VVI coordinate_VVI the_AT exchange_NN1 of_IO commitments_NN2 among_II the_AT partners_NN2 ,_, extend_VV0 planning_VVG horizons_NN2 and_CC adjudicate_VV0 disputes_NN2 between_II partners_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Bills_NN2 with_IW ideologically_RR extreme_JJ sponsors_NN2 are_VBR more_RGR likely_JJ to_TO bypass_VVI committees_NN2 across_II all_DB models_NN2 ,_, but_CCB a_AT1 clear_JJ split_NN1 develops_VVZ once_RR we_PPIS2 differentiate_VV0 bypassing_VVG methods_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Further_JJR study_NN1 can_VM help_VVI deepen_VVI our_APPGE understanding_NN1 of_IO complex_JJ foreign_JJ policy-making_NN1 pro_II cesses_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
But_CCB in_II countries_NN2 with_IW more_RGR repressive_JJ governments_NN2 ,_, respondents_NN2 were_VBDR morenot_NN1 lessanxious_JJ about_II their_APPGE personal_JJ safety_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
What_DDQ would_VM be_VBI credible_JJ would_VM be_VBI the_AT message_NN1 India_NP1 conveyed_VVD by_II how_RRQ it_PPH1 configures_VVZ its_APPGE forces_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT narrative_NN1 was_VBDZ arguably_RR most_RGT successful_JJ among_II business_NN1 actors_NN2 ,_, where_CS it_PPH1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 function_NN1 as_II an_AT1 economic_JJ lure_NN1 not_XX only_RR produced_VVN pressure_NN1 for_IF amicable_JJ economic_JJ engagement_NN1 with_IW China_NP1 ,_, but_CCB also_RR discourses_NN2 which_DDQ went_VVD on_RP to_TO contest_VVI dominant_JJ truth-claims_NN2 in_II the_AT media_NN ecology_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Defining_VVG contemporary_JJ diplomacy_NN1 is_VBZ not_XX a_AT1 straightforward_JJ exercise_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
It_PPH1 was_VBDZ hoped_VVN that_CST good_JJ arguments_NN2 backed_VVN by_II a_AT1 coalition_NN1 of_IO third_MD world_NN1 states_NN2 and_CC social_JJ movements_NN2 would_VM succeed_VVI in_II transforming_VVG CIL_NN1 on_II the_AT subject_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Furthermore_RR ,_, the_AT work_NN1 of_IO several_DA2 scholars_NN2 who_PNQS have_VH0 built_VVN on_II Laclau_NP1 and_CC Mouffe_NP1 can_VM be_VBI used_JJ to_II fine-tune_NN1 their_APPGE basic_JJ understanding_NN1 of_IO objectification_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
High_JJ expectations_NN2 were_VBDR replaced_VVN with_IW discontent_NN1 ,_, caused_VVN by_II the_AT enduring_JJ corruption_NN1 ,_, lawlessness_NN1 and_CC worsening_JJ of_IO the_AT standards_NN2 of_IO living_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Childs_NP1 queried_VVD whether_CSW the_AT House_NN1 of_IO Commons_NP provided_CS a_AT1 '_NULL safe_JJ space_NN1 '_NULL for_IF women_NN2 (_( Childs_NP1 ,_, 2004_MC ,_, p._NN1 8_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Since_CS the_AT conditionality_NN1 attached_VVN to_II these_DD2 instruments_NN2 was_VBDZ weak_JJ ,_, their_APPGE '_NULL unintended_JJ con_NN1 sequences_NN2 '_NULL profited_VVD financial_JJ players_NN2 through_II '_NULL carry-trade_JJ '_NULL operations_NN2 and_CC '_NULL wealth_NN1 effects_NN2 '_NULL ,_, respectively_RR ._. 
</s>
<s>
Such_DA limitations_NN2 could_VM be_VBI caused_VVN by_II the_AT confines_NN2 of_IO geography_NN1 (_( for_REX21 example_REX22 ,_, the_AT presence_NN1 of_IO mountain_NN1 ous_JJ landscape_NN1 ,_, deserts_NN2 ,_, volcanoes_NN2 and_CC highly_RR seismic_JJ zones_NN2 ,_, landlocked_VVD loca_NN1 tion_NN1 )_) ,_, the_AT existence_NN1 of_IO potentially_RR perilous_JJ militarily_RR and_CC economically_RR much_RR stronger_JJR neighbouring_JJ countries_NN2 ,_, lack_NN1 of_IO access_NN1 to_II certain_JJ resources_NN2 (_( human_NN1 ,_, water_NN1 ,_, financial_JJ ,_, economic_JJ ,_, technological_JJ )_) ,_, among_II other_JJ things_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
However_RR ,_, hawks_NN2 and_CC doves_NN2 continue_VV0 to_TO be_VBI evaluated_VVN differently_RR even_RR after_II the_AT public_NN1 learns_VVZ about_II the_AT outcome_NN1 ;_; the_AT hawk_NN1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 advantage_NN1 persists_VVZ regardless_RR of_IO the_AT ultimate_JJ policy_NN1 result_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
But_CCB we_PPIS2 make_VV0 suggestions_NN2 via_II email_NN1 ;_; sign_VV0 online_JJ petitions_NN2 now_RT and_CC then_RT ,_, that_CST '_NULL s_ZZ1 all_RR we_PPIS2 can_VM do_VDI ._. 
</s>
<s>
In_II Arfi_NP1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 view_NN1 ,_, these_DD2 models_NN2 of_IO translation_NN1 ,_, however_RGQV different_JJ ,_, designify_VV0 the_AT truth-content_NN1 of_IO religious_JJ contributions_NN2 ,_, and_CC re-signify_VV0 them_PPHO2 in_II a_AT1 language_NN1 in_II which_DDQ they_PPHS2 lose_VV0 their_APPGE religious_JJ identity_NN1 (_( p._NNU 500_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Whatever_DDQV fragment_NN1 of_IO the_AT labour-power_NN1 of_IO an_AT1 individual_NN1 is_VBZ available_JJ can_VM be_VBI targeted_VVN and_CC seized_VVN upon_II by_II capital_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT cadres_NN2 responded_VVD :_: "_" Communism_NN1 means_VVZ eliminating_VVG all_DB private_JJ property_NN1 "_" (_( Huang_NP1 ,_, et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 1992_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Notwithstanding_II their_APPGE primary_JJ focus_NN1 and_CC objectives_NN2 ,_, the_AT VoC_NP1 and_CC DoC_NN1 propositions_NN2 have_VH0 triggered_VVN a_AT1 line_NN1 of_IO research_NN1 geared_VVN towards_II the_AT direct_JJ application_NN1 of_IO the_AT original_JJ frameworks_NN2 involved_VVN to_II former_DA socialist_JJ countries_NN2 undergoing_VVG systemic_JJ transformation_NN1 from_II a_AT1 centrally_RR planned_VVN towards_II a_AT1 market-driven_JJ economy_NN1 ,_, in_BCL21 order_BCL22 to_TO explain_VVI the_AT emerging_JJ post-communist_JJ models_NN2 of_IO capitalism_NN1 there_RL ._. 
</s>
<s>
This_DD1 research_NN1 received_VVD no_AT specific_JJ grant_NN1 from_II any_DD funding_NN1 agency_NN1 in_II the_AT public_NN1 ,_, commercial_JJ ,_, or_CC not-for-profit_JJ sectors_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
At_II its_APPGE centre_NN1 is_VBZ the_AT recognition_NN1 that_CST normative_JJ legitimacy_NN1 can_VM be_VBI grounded_VVN not_XX only_RR in_II the_AT empowerment_NN1 of_IO rational_JJ forms_NN2 of_IO collective_JJ political_JJ agency_NN1 ,_, but_CCB further_RRR in_II the_AT empowerment_NN1 of_IO creative_JJ agency_NN1 –_- constituted_JJ and_CC transformed_VVN via_II a_AT1 plurality_NN1 of_IO '_NULL open_JJ '_NULL global_JJ communities_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Figure_NN1 3_MC shows_VVZ the_AT correspondence_NN1 in_II priorities_NN2 between_II each_DD1 party_NN1 and_CC the_AT government_NN1 for_IF each_DD1 government_NN1 formation_NN1 year_NNT1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Yet_RR the_AT question_NN1 of_IO whether_CSW experts_NN2 enhance_VV0 the_AT rationality_NN1 of_IO governmental_JJ decision-making_NN1 is_VBZ ultimately_RR different_JJ from_II the_AT question_NN1 of_IO whether_CSW experts_NN2 enhance_VV0 public_JJ support_NN1 for_IF the_AT regimes_NN2 and_CC policies_NN2 in_II which_DDQ they_PPHS2 are_VBR involved_VVN ._. 
</s>
<s>
Indeed_RR ,_, these_DD2 are_VBR the_AT content_NN1 that_CST exemplars_NN2 found_VVN and_CC shape_NN1 in_BCL21 order_BCL22 to_TO guide_VVI individuals_NN2 toward_II a_AT1 good_JJ life_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
All_DB types_NN2 of_IO institutional_JJ reforms_NN2 were_VBDR univocally_RR connected_VVN to_II one_MC1 of_IO the_AT forms_NN2 of_IO political_JJ leadership_NN1 in_II the_AT developed_JJ typology_NN1 ,_, enabling_VVG us_PPIO2 to_TO aggregate_VVI sub-scores_NN2 to_II an_AT1 average_NN1 for_IF all_DB four_MC categories_NN2 of_IO political_JJ leadership_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
It_PPH1 is_VBZ much_RR smaller_JJR and_CC more_RGR modest_JJ in_II31 terms_II32 of_II33 relevance_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
While_CS ultimately_RR ,_, I_PPIS1 think_VV0 this_DD1 is_VBZ an_AT1 unhelpful_JJ criticism_NN1 ,_, I_PPIS1 would_VM like_VVI to_TO reconstruct_VVI Mitchell_NP1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 argument_NN1 in_II depth_NN1 ,_, as_CSA it_PPH1 does_VDZ point_VVI to_II some_DD more-nuanced_NN1 and_CC interesting_JJ questions_NN2 about_II the_AT nature_NN1 of_IO feminist_JJ theory_NN1 ,_, even_CS21 if_CS22 these_DD2 questions_NN2 remained_VVD undeveloped_JJ in_II Mitchell_NP1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 piece_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Turning_VVG to_II H2_FO ,_, model_NN1 1_MC1 in_II Table_NN1 1_MC1 reveals_VVZ a_AT1 significant_JJ effect_NN1 of_IO Party_NN1 financing_VVG on_II Campaign_NN1 personalisation_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Yet_RR ,_, although_CS these_DD2 developments_NN2 are_VBR noteworthy_JJ ,_, it_PPH1 is_VBZ unclear_JJ whether_CSW they_PPHS2 fundamentally_RR transformed_VVD West_NP1 European_JJ party_NN1 systems_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
In_II 1985_MC ,_, Prime_JJ Minister_NN1 Rajiv_NP1 Gandhi_NP1 set_VVD out_RP to_TO address_VVI this_DD1 problem_NN1 for_IF the_AT parties_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Each_DD1 of_IO the_AT six_MC roads_NN2 to_II pluralism_NN1 just_RR outlined_VVN are_VBR persuasive_JJ when_CS considered_VVN singly_RR ._. 
</s>
<s>
This_DD1 variable_NN1 also_RR accounts_VVZ for_IF the_AT previously_RR identified_VVN relationship_NN1 between_II being_VBG a_AT1 local_JJ politician_NN1 and_CC displaying_VVG lower_JJR degrees_NN2 of_IO party_NN1 loyalty_NN1 (_( Tavits_NP1 2009_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Crest_NN1 fills_VVZ were_VBDR undertaken_VVN ,_, parts_NN2 of_IO which_DDQ would_VM be_VBI fenced_VVN and_CC landscaped_VVN in_BCL21 order_BCL22 to_TO provide_VVI prime_JJ public_JJ vantage_NN1 points_NN2 (_( see_VV0 Figure_NN1 5_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Huntingtonian_JJ norms_NN2 can_VM perversely_RR facilitate_VVI such_DA efforts_NN2 to_TO politicize_VVI the_AT military_JJ by_II encouraging_JJ three_MC inadequate_JJ responses_NN2 from_II its_APPGE leaders_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Qualitative_JJ evidence_NN1 based_VVN on_II interviews_NN2 conducted_VVN in_II the_AT 2013_MC and_CC 2017_MC pre-electoral_JJ period_NN1 provides_VVZ further_JJR evidence_NN1 for_IF the_AT effects_NN2 of_IO losing_VVG or_CC gaining_VVG land_NN1 rights_NN2 on_II political_JJ trust_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
First_MD ,_, his_APPGE variables_NN2 provide_VV0 a_AT1 more_RGR complete_JJ set_NN1 of_IO taxonomic_JJ criteria_NN2 and_CC thus_RR could_VM be_VBI used_VVN to_TO categorize_VVI newly_RR discovered_VVD production_NN1 systems_NN2 and/or_CC even_RR entirely_RR new_JJ emergent_JJ ones_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
But_CCB we_PPIS2 must_VM very_RG emphatically_RR identify_VVI with_IW the_AT nation_NN1 ,_, with_IW the_AT general_JJ interest_NN1 of_IO the_AT people_NN ._. "_" 
</s>
<s>
In_II this_DD1 normative_JJ vein_NN1 ,_, EU_NP1 scholars_NN2 have_VH0 also_RR drawn_VVN upon_II deep_JJ diversity_NN1 when_CS proposing_VVG normative_JJ theories_NN2 of_IO EU_NP1 legitimacy_NN1 (_( Eriksen_NP1 and_CC Fossum_NP1 ,_, 2007_MC :_: 7–11_MCMC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
We_PPIS2 find_VV0 no_AT evidence_NN1 of_IO incumbency_NN1 advantage_NN1 in_II provincial_JJ legislative_JJ elections_NN2 ,_, but_CCB party_NN1 incumbency_NN1 does_VDZ not_XX decrease_VVI the_AT reference_NN1 party_NN1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 chance_NN1 of_IO winning_VVG the_AT next_MD election_NN1 as_CSA it_PPH1 does_VDZ in_II national_JJ assembly_NN1 elections_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Grand_JJ strategy_NN1 emerged_VVD organically_RR rather_CS21 than_CS22 through_II instrumental_JJ planning_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Kosovo_NP1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 public_JJ diplomacy_NN1 aimed_VVD to_TO change_VVI the_AT image_NN1 of_IO Kosovo_NP1 from_II a_AT1 conflict-shattered_JJ society_NN1 to_II a_AT1 prosperous_JJ and_CC stable_JJ liberal_JJ society_NN1 and_CC investment_NN1 environment_NN1 ,_, including_II programmes_NN2 to_TO attract_VVI foreign_JJ students_NN2 to_TO visit_VVI Kosovo_NP1 (_( Wahlisch_NP1 and_CC Xharra_NP1 2011_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
For_IF policy_NN1 makers_NN2 in_II the_AT US_NP1 ,_, the_AT Iceworm_NN1 case_NN1 indicates_VVZ that_DD1 climate_NN1 change_NN1 could_VM impose_VVI additional_JJ costs_NN2 on_II overseas_JJ military_JJ operations_NN2 ,_, beyond_II those_DD2 already_RR identified_VVN by_II the_AT Department_NN1 of_IO Defense_NN1 (_( US_NP1 Department_NN1 of_IO Defense_NN1 2015_MC ;_; US_NP1 Navy_NN1 2010_MC ,_, 2011_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Take_VV0 ,_, for_REX21 instance_REX22 ,_, the_AT ethnic_JJ dispute_NN1 between_II Yi_NP1 and_CC Hui_JJ villagers_NN2 in_II Zhehai_JJ township_NN1 ,_, Yunnan_JJ Province_NN1 in_II 2010_MC ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT project_NN1 here_RL extends_VVZ the_AT theoretical_JJ purview_NN1 of_IO SIT_VV0 and_CC partisan_JJ psychology_NN1 research_NN1 by_II positing_VVG a_AT1 negative_JJ connection_NN1 to_II deliberative_JJ democratic_JJ ideals_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Similarly_RR the_AT corresponding_JJ use_NN1 of_IO lender_NN1 is_VBZ more_RGR positive_JJ ,_, while_CS creditor_NN1 sig_NN1 nals_NN2 potential_JJ problems_NN2 with_IW repayment_NN1 by_II the_AT debtor_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT circle_NN1 may_VM appear_VVI virtuous_JJ ,_, but_CCB the_AT circle_NN1 is_VBZ closing_VVG ._. 
</s>
<s>
As_CSA michael_JJ mann_NN1 puts_VVZ it_PPH1 ,_, the_AT strength_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 state_NN1 depends_VVZ on_II its_APPGE infrastructural_JJ power_NN1 :_: its_APPGE institutional_JJ capability_NN1 to_TO exercise_VVI authority_NN1 and_CC implement_VVI policy_NN1 throughout_II the_AT territory_NN1 it_PPH1 seeks_VVZ to_TO govern_VVI ._. 
</s>
<s>
Then_RT I_PPIS1 construct_VV0 a_AT1 single_JJ measurement_NN1 of_IO protest_NN1 potential_NN1 using_VVG this_DD1 battery_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
She_PPHS1 was_VBDZ four_MC votes_NN2 short_JJ of_IO the_AT majority_NN1 necessary_JJ to_TO be_VBI declared_VVN re-elected_JJ ._. 
</s>
<s>
Of_RR21 course_RR22 there_EX is_VBZ room_NN1 for_IF improvement_NN1 :_: a_AT1 number_NN1 of_IO government_NN1 comments_NN2 in_II the_AT context_NN1 of_IO the_AT 2020_MC treaty_NN1 body_NN1 review_NN1 note_VV0 that_CST the_AT current_JJ process_NN1 seems_VVZ more_RRR like_II a_AT1 "_" '_NULL one-way_JJ dialogue_NN1 '_NULL that_CST resembled_VVD an_AT1 appearance_NN1 before_II a_AT1 court_NN1 "_" than_CSN a_AT1 dialogue_NN1 ,_, leading_VVG to_II a_AT1 "_" frustrated_JJ feeling_NN1 of_IO not_XX having_VHG been_VBN heard_VVN ._. "_" 
</s>
<s>
But_CCB today_RT ,_, Crawford_NP1 argues_VVZ ,_, in_II ways_NN2 that_CST also_RR reflect_VV0 class_NN1 hierarchies_NN2 ,_, the_AT attentional_JJ commons_NN2 is_VBZ increasingly_RR appropriated_VVN without_IW our_APPGE consent_NN1 by_II corporations_NN2 that_CST see_VV0 individuals_NN2 in_II public_JJ spaces_NN2 as_CSA "_" standing_VVG reserves_NN2 "_" of_IO purchasing_NN1 power_NN1 and_CC profit_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Deeply_RR entrenched_JJ gender_NN1 norms_NN2 and_CC stereotypes_NN2 in_II most_DAT societies_NN2 implicitly_RR associate_JJ women_NN2 with_IW peacefulness_NN1 ,_, vulnerability_NN1 ,_, and_CC innocence_NN1 and_CC men_NN2 with_IW aggression_NN1 and_CC violence_NN1 (_( Elshtain_NN1 1987_MC ;_; Sjoberg_NP1 2010_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Several_DA2 participants_NN2 ,_, including_II Chile_NP1 ,_, Ecuador_NP1 ,_, Ghana_NP1 ,_, Palestine_NP1 and_CC South_NP1 Africa_NP1 ,_, advocated_VVD deletion_NN1 of_IO clauses_NN2 17.2_MC and_CC 17.3_MC ,_, leaving_VVG any_DD consideration_NN1 of_IO withdrawal_NN1 to_II the_AT jurisdiction_NN1 of_IO the_AT Vienna_NP1 Convention_NN1 on_II the_AT Law_NN1 of_IO Treaties_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
A_AT1 shared_JJ consensus_NN1 regarding_II the_AT functions_NN2 and_CC tasks_NN2 to_TO be_VBI taken_VVN on_RP by_II a_AT1 workplace_NN1 that_CST emerges_VVZ from_II a_AT1 process_NN1 of_IO democratic_JJ deliberation_NN1 among_II workers_NN2 ,_, and_CC is_VBZ then_RT implemented_VVN under_II the_AT oversight_NN1 of_IO managers_NN2 elected_VVN by_II ,_, and_CC continually_RR accountable_JJ to_TO ,_, those_DD2 over_II whom_PNQO their_APPGE authority_NN1 is_VBZ exercised_VVN ,_, would_VM be_VBI such_DA a_AT1 universal_JJ ._. 
</s>
<s>
Our_APPGE theory_NN1 details_NN2 how_RRQ this_DD1 process_NN1 works_VVZ for_IF legislative_JJ chambers_NN2 that_CST offer_VV0 members_NN2 the_AT opportunity_NN1 to_TO bypass_VVI committee_NN1 ,_, and_CC we_PPIS2 find_VV0 evidence_NN1 consistent_JJ with_IW these_DD2 general_JJ expectations_NN2 in_II the_AT US_NP1 Senate_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
At_II the_AT same_DA time_NNT1 ,_, Norway_NP1 was_VBDZ developing_VVG an_AT1 inclusive_JJ diaspora_NN1 policy_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
More_DAR than_CSN one_MC1 and_CC a_AT1 half_DB billion_NNO people_NN face_VV0 violence_NN1 in_II conflict-affected_JJ areas_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
John_NP1 Stuart_NP1 mill_NN1 argued_VVD that_CST states_NN2 '_NULL should_VM conclude_VVI their_APPGE treaties_NN2 ,_, as_CSA commercial_JJ treaties_NN2 are_VBR usually_RR concluded_VVN ,_, only_RR for_IF terms_NN2 of_IO years_NNT2 '_NULL ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT seventh_MD point_NN1 provided_CS moral_JJ superiority_NN1 for_IF having_VHG suffered_VVN ._. 
</s>
<s>
There_EX are_VBR times_NNT2 when_RRQ the_AT SEAC_NN1 pushes_VVZ ethnic_JJ unity_NN1 in_II a_AT1 proactive_JJ way_NN1 ,_, but_CCB being_VBG a_AT1 commission_NN1 determines_VVZ that_CST its_APPGE working_JJ methods_NN2 depend_VV0 more_RRR on_II negotiation_NN1 than_CSN the_AT UFWD_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
I_PPIS1 will_VM not_XX attempt_VVI to_TO lay_VVI out_RP the_AT argument_NN1 for_IF doing_VDG those_DD2 things_NN2 since_CS it_PPH1 seems_VVZ that_CST the_AT debate_NN1 over_II the_AT need_NN1 to_TO transcend_VVI methodological_JJ nationalism_NN1 in_II historical_JJ writing_NN1 has_VHZ been_VBN settled_VVN ._. 
</s>
<s>
It_PPH1 is_VBZ ,_, however_RR ,_, very_RG difficult_JJ for_IF village_NN1 cadres_NN2 to_TO command_VVI respect_NN1 from_II ,_, or_CC be_VBI even_RR relevant_JJ to_TO ,_, the_AT local_JJ community_NN1 if_CS they_PPHS2 fail_VV0 to_TO contribute_VVI to_II the_AT material_NN1 well-being_NN1 or_CC affect_VV0 the_AT income_NN1 opportunities_NN2 of_IO individual_JJ peasants_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Furthermore_RR ,_, some_DD of_IO the_AT Eastern_JJ European_JJ states_NN2 ,_, for_REX21 instance_REX22 ,_, the_AT Baltic_JJ states_NN2 ,_, have_VH0 based_VVN their_APPGE identities_NN2 on_II their_APPGE fear_NN1 of_IO Russia_NP1 ,_, which_DDQ resulted_VVD in_II building_VVG a_AT1 fence_NN1 along_II the_AT Lithuanian-Russian_JJ border_NN1 in_II 2017_MC ,_, highlighting_VVG once_RR21 again_RR22 the_AT EU_NP1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 ambiguous_JJ position_NN1 on_II borders_NN2 and_CC territory_NN1 (_( Boffey_NP1 2017_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
In_II column_NN1 (_( 2_MC )_) ,_, we_PPIS2 distinguish_VV0 these_DD2 impacts_NN2 ,_, respectively_RR ,_, under_II majoritarian_NN1 and_CC PR_NP1 systems_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
We_PPIS2 take_VV0 up_RP this_DD1 challenge_NN1 and_CC investigate_VV0 the_AT causal_JJ and_CC predictive_JJ relationships_NN2 between_II moral_JJ intuitions_NN2 and_CC ideology_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Likewise_RR there_EX is_VBZ certainly_RR more_DAR than_CSN one_MC1 Lacan_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Even_CS21 if_CS22 used_VVN only_RR instrumentally_RR to_TO mobilise_VVI voter_NN1 support_NN1 ,_, repeated_VVD statements_NN2 about_II Europeanisation_NN1 and_CC European_JJ values_NN2 have_VH0 contributed_VVN to_II enhancing_VVG the_AT role_NN1 of_IO EU_NP1 soft_JJ power_NN1 ,_, reinforcing_VVG in_II turn_NN1 support_NN1 for_IF a_AT1 pro-EU_JJ foreign_JJ policy_NN1 course_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Ilyenkov_NP1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 method_NN1 contributes_VVZ to_II constituting_VVG a_AT1 holistic_JJ approach_NN1 to_II education_NN1 and_CC human_JJ emancipation_NN1 that_CST is_VBZ demanded_VVN by_II radical_JJ critical_JJ pedagogy_NN1 (_( or_CC radical_JJ critique_NN1 of_IO pedagogy_NN1 )_) a_AT1 pedagogy_NN1 that_CST aims_VVZ at_II freeing_VVG human_JJ beings_NN2 from_II the_AT domination_NN1 of_IO capital_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
I_PPIS1 summarize_VV0 this_DD1 case_NN1 selection_NN1 in_II Table_NN1 I._NP1 Finally_RR ,_, we_PPIS2 outline_VV0 the_AT possible_JJ directions_NN2 of_IO future_JJ research_NN1 on_II the_AT emerging_JJ models_NN2 of_IO post-communist_JJ capitalism_NN1 and_CC suggest_VV0 essential_JJ extensions_NN2 to_II the_AT methodology_NN1 involved_VVD ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT third_MD and_CC final_JJ component_NN1 of_IO DWS_NP1 is_VBZ that_DD1 of_IO dialogic_JJ engagement_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Distribution_NN1 ,_, which_DDQ has_VHZ largely_RR gone_VVN under_II the_AT policy_NN1 radar_NN1 will_VM also_RR require_VVI more_RGR direct_JJ regulation_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Future_JJ research_NN1 into_II the_AT relationships_NN2 of_IO power_NN1 in_II structures_NN2 of_IO e-governance_NN1 would_VM be_VBI welcomed_VVN ._. 
</s>
<s>
On_II the_AT one_MC1 hand_NN1 ,_, many_DA2 liberal_JJ SMOs_NN2 ,_, such_II21 as_II22 RPR-PARNAS_NN2 ,_, Party_NN1 of_IO December_NPM1 5_MC ,_, and_CC the_AT People_NN '_NULL s_ZZ1 Alliance_NN1 ,_, cooperated_VVD on_II multiple_JJ occasions_NN2 with_IW Solidarity_NN1 and_CC other_JJ smaller_JJR SMOs_NN2 in_II organizing_VVG protest_NN1 actions_NN2 after_II the_AT FFE_NN1 movement_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT success_NN1 of_IO norm_NN1 diffusion_NN1 depends_VVZ on_II the_AT extent_NN1 to_II which_DDQ a_AT1 foreign_JJ norm_NN1 fits_VVZ to_II the_AT existing_JJ regional_JJ set_NN1 of_IO values_NN2 ,_, such_II21 as_II22 discourse_NN1 ,_, the_AT legal_JJ system_NN1 ,_, and_CC bureaucratic_JJ agencies_NN2 (_( Acharya_NP1 2004_MC ,_, 243_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT terms_NN2 '_NULL liberal_JJ international_JJ order_NN1 '_NULL or_CC '_NULL Pax_NN121 Americana_NN122 '_NULL have_VH0 become_VVN obsolete_JJ as_CSA descriptions_NN2 of_IO the_AT US_NP1 place_NN1 in_II the_AT world_NN1 ,_, but_CCB the_AT need_NN1 for_IF the_AT largest_JJT countries_NN2 to_TO provide_VVI public_JJ goods_NN2 remains_VVZ ._. 
</s>
<s>
Nonetheless_RR ,_, the_AT interviews_NN2 provide_VV0 insight_NN1 into_II the_AT nature_NN1 of_IO the_AT meetings_NN2 and_CC additional_JJ support_NN1 for_IF our_APPGE theoretical_JJ expectations_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT direction_NN1 of_IO parties_NN2 '_NULL communication_NN1 remains_VVZ top-down_JJ ;_; deliberation_NN1 is_VBZ not_XX encouraged_VVN within_RL or_CC by_II the_AT political_JJ parties_NN2 ;_; party_NN1 communication_NN1 tends_VVZ to_II instrumental_JJ reason_NN1 and_CC commodity_NN1 logic_NN1 (_( Amon_NP1 Prodnik_NP1 2016_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Of_IO critical_JJ note_NN1 ,_, in_BCL21 order_BCL22 to_TO be_VBI effective_JJ ,_, the_AT communicator_NN1 must_VM use_VVI frames_NN2 that_CST are_VBR congruent_JJ with_IW the_AT receivers_NN2 '_NULL existing_JJ belief_NN1 systems_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
All_DB this_DD1 said_VVD ,_, faithfulness_NN1 to_II Marx_NP1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 words_NN2 does_VDZ not_XX need_VVI to_TO be_VBI at_II issue_NN1 here_RL ._. 
</s>
<s>
Finally_RR ,_, one_MC1 of_IO the_AT authors_NN2 also_RR attended_VVD the_AT 14th_MD International_JJ Conference_NN1 on_II '_NULL The_AT European_JJ Union_NN1 ,_, Turkey_NP1 ,_, the_AT Middle_JJ East_ND1 and_CC the_AT Kurds_NN2 '_NULL ,_, held_VVN at_II the_AT European_JJ Parliament_NN1 in_II Bruxelles_NP2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT centralized_JJ and_CC minimalist_NN1 government_NN1 system_NN1 of_IO imperial_JJ China_NP1 was_VBDZ in_II fact_NN1 closely_RR tied_VVN to_II its_APPGE unusually_RR early_JJ development_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 peasant_NN1 economy_NN1 ,_, early_JJ maturation_NN1 of_IO that_DD1 economy_NN1 to_TO support_VVI a_AT1 high-density_JJ population_NN1 ,_, and_CC the_AT unusual_JJ persistence_NN1 of_IO that_DD1 economy_NN1 down_RP to_II the_AT present_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
It_PPH1 did_VDD not_XX conquer_VVI Mexico_NP1 or_CC Canada_NP1 after_II 1850_MC ,_, despite_II its_APPGE continental_JJ hegemony_NN1 after_II the_AT withdrawal_NN1 of_IO European_JJ powers_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
We_PPIS2 use_VV0 this_DD1 term_NN1 to_II de_NP1 scribe_NN1 secessionist_NN1 entities_NN2 with_IW contested_JJ sovereignties_NN2 that_CST control_VV0 territory_NN1 and_CC provide_VV0 governance_NN1 over_II an_AT1 extended_JJ period_NN1 of_IO time_NNT1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
In_II Bavaria_NP1 ,_, Rhineland-Palatinate_NP1 and_CC Baden-Württemberg_NP1 ,_, the_AT support_NN1 for_IF independent_JJ local_JJ parties_NN2 has_VHZ grown_VVN in_II a_AT1 similar_JJ way_NN1 as_CSA it_PPH1 did_VDD in_II the_AT Netherlands_NP1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT spectacle_NN1 is_VBZ the_AT relation_NN1 ;_; the_AT image_NN1 a_AT1 kind_NN1 of_IO non-human_JJ diplomat_NN1 mediating_VVG that_DD1 relationship_NN1 ;_; the_AT dramas_NN2 of_IO this_DD1 other_JJ illustrious_JJ theatre_NN1 dominate_VV0 over_RP social_JJ life_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
In_BCL21 order_BCL22 to_TO measure_VVI the_AT left-right_JJ position_NN1 of_IO individual_JJ voters_NN2 ,_, we_PPIS2 use_VV0 a_AT1 question_NN1 in_II the_AT CSES_NN2 that_CST asks_VVZ respondents_NN2 to_TO indicate_VVI their_APPGE left-right_JJ policy_NN1 preference_NN1 on_II a_AT1 scale_NN1 from_II 0_MC to_II 10_MC ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT first_MD aspect_NN1 of_IO the_AT transformation_NN1 concerns_VVZ the_AT normalization_NN1 of_IO the_AT enforcement_NN1 of_IO political_JJ discipline_NN1 ,_, which_DDQ is_VBZ a_AT1 reversal_NN1 of_IO the_AT depoliticization_NN1 process_NN1 of_IO the_AT Party_NN1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 disciplinary_JJ regime_NN1 that_CST started_VVD in_II the_AT 1990s_MC2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT same_DA was_VBDZ true_JJ of_IO the_AT lesser_JJ German_JJ states_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
It_PPH1 was_VBDZ a_AT1 clear_JJ refer_VV0 ence_NN1 to_II the_AT National_JJ Front_NN1 in_II Iran_NP1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
In_II the_AT following_JJ paragraphs_NN2 ,_, I_PPIS1 develop_VV0 the_AT theoretical_JJ argument_NN1 and_CC derive_VV0 testable_JJ hypotheses_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
As_CSA Browning_NP1 and_CC Joenniemi_JJ point_NN1 out_RP ,_, interpretations_NN2 that_CST are_VBR built_VVN around_II self-identity_NN1 illuminate_VV0 only_RR one_MC1 aspect_NN1 of_IO ontological_JJ security_NN1 ;_; namely_REX ,_, for_IF the_AT Self_NN1 to_TO remain_VVI ontologically_RR secure_VV0 ,_, it_PPH1 must_VM cling_VVI to_II its_APPGE identity_NN1 at_II all_DB costs_NN2 ,_, avoiding_VVG the_AT traumatizing_JJ experience_NN1 of_IO change_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
I_PPIS1 argue_VV0 here_RL that_DD1 "_" class_NN1 "_" can_VM bear_VVI such_DA an_AT1 anti-Eurocentric_JJ potential_NN1 if_CS it_PPH1 is_VBZ faced_VVN not_XX as_II a_AT1 struc_NN1 ture_NN1 ,_, but_CCB as_II a_AT1 process_NN1 (_( Wood_NP1 1995_MC ,_, 79_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
While_CS parties_NN2 play_VV0 a_AT1 crucial_JJ role_NN1 in_II the_AT legislature_NN1 for_IF shaping_JJ politics_NN1 and_CC policy_NN1 ,_, there_EX is_VBZ surprisingly_RR little_JJ analysis_NN1 of_IO how_RRQ the_AT fact_NN1 that_CST each_DD1 candidate_NN1 is_VBZ connected_VVN to_II a_AT1 party_NN1 and_CC thus_RR ,_, implicitly_RR ,_, to_II the_AT positions_NN2 of_IO candidates_NN2 of_IO that_DD1 party_NN1 from_II other_JJ districts_NN2 influences_VVZ nomination_NN1 decisions_NN2 ,_, as_II31 well_II32 as_II33 election_NN1 outcomes_NN2 in_II different_JJ legislative_JJ districts_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
As_CSA president_NN1 of_IO the_AT Crop_NN1 Science_NN1 division_NN1 of_IO Bayer_NP1 ,_, Liam_NP1 Condon_NP1 ,_, notes_NN2 ,_, "_" digital_JJ tools_NN2 have_VH0 shaped_VVN many_DA2 industries_NN2 ,_, and_CC we_PPIS2 are_VBR just_RR scratching_VVG the_AT surface_NN1 on_II what_DDQ it_PPH1 means_VVZ for_IF agriculture_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
This_DD1 will_VM include_VVI dining_NN1 ,_, tea_NN1 and_CC reading_VVG rooms_NN2 ,_, and_CC possibly_RR even_RR sporting_JJ facilities_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Getting_VVG an_AT1 education_NN1 ,_, settling_VVG down_RP and_CC building_VVG a_AT1 career_NN1 and_CC a_AT1 family_NN1 increase_VV0 the_AT stakes_NN2 a_AT1 person_NN1 has_VHZ in_II politics_NN1 and_CC society_NN1 ,_, thus_RR also_RR affecting_VVG their_APPGE political_JJ behaviour_NN1 (_( see_VV0 ,_, for_REX21 example_REX22 ,_, Neundorf_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2013_MC :_: 96ff_FO ._. )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT explanation_NN1 seems_VVZ to_TO have_VHI satisfied_VVN Morrow_NP1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
As_CSA I_PPIS1 shall_VM argue_VVI below_RL ,_, even_CS21 though_CS22 radical_JJ democrats_NN2 ,_, who_PNQS turn_VV0 to_II constituent_NN1 power_NN1 ,_, disagree_VV0 with_IW these_DD2 conceptions_NN2 of_IO political_JJ subjectivity_NN1 ,_, citizenship_NN1 ,_, and_CC the_AT public_JJ sphere_NN1 ,_, they_PPHS2 hold_VV0 onto_II the_AT fundamentally_RR antagonistic_JJ distinction_NN1 between_II constituent_NN1 power_NN1 and_CC political_JJ form_NN1 ,_, which_DDQ is_VBZ why_RRQ I_PPIS1 consider_VV0 council_NN1 democracy_NN1 an_AT1 important_JJ ,_, exemplary_JJ institutional_JJ approximation_NN1 of_IO the_AT principles_NN2 of_IO radical_JJ democracy_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
While_CS some_DD forms_NN2 of_IO tactical_JJ (_( intraseasonal_JJ and_CC seasonal_JJ )_) adaptation_NN1 measures_NN2 may_VM be_VBI accomplished_VVN within_II a_AT1 span_NN1 of_IO five_MC years_NNT2 (_( e.g._REX adjusting_VVG the_AT cropping_NN1 sequence_NN1 or_CC changes_NN2 in_II sowing_VVG date_NN1 )_) ,_, more_RGR substantive_JJ forms_NN2 of_IO adaptation_NN1 ,_, including_II the_AT diversification_NN1 of_IO production_NN1 systems_NN2 and_CC livelihoods_NN2 ,_, soil_NN1 conservation_NN1 or_CC spatial_JJ shifts_NN2 in_II production_NN1 zones_NN2 ,_, may_VM take_VVI up_II21 to_II22 several_DA2 decades_NNT2 (_( cf._VV0 I_PPIS1 expect_VV0 the_AT foreign_JJ policy_NN1 position_NN1 of_IO the_AT leader_NN1 to_TO have_VHI an_AT1 impact_NN1 on_II foreign_JJ policy_NN1 outcomes_NN2 ,_, and_CC i_ZZ1 measure_VV0 the_AT foreign_JJ policy_NN1 position_NN1 of_IO leaders_NN2 by_II looking_VVG at_II emphasis_NN1 of_IO different_JJ foreign_JJ policy_NN1 concepts_NN2 using_VVG data_NN from_II the_AT Comparative_JJ Manifesto_NN1 Project_NN1 (_( Volkens_NP1 et_RA21 al_RA22 ._. 
</s>
<s>
2013_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
For_IF both_DB2 periods_NN2 ,_, we_PPIS2 manually_RR compared_VVD the_AT text_NN1 of_IO each_DD1 successive_JJ edition_NN1 to_II its_APPGE predecessor_NN1 to_TO ensure_VVI we_PPIS2 had_VHD captured_VVN all_DB the_AT amendment_NN1 dates_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Such_DA is_VBZ the_AT case_NN1 with_IW the_AT digital_JJ diplomacy_NN1 units_NN2 of_IO Finland_NP1 ,_, Israel_NP1 ,_, Norway_NP1 and_CC Poland_NP1 ,_, which_DDQ also_RR consist_VV0 mostly_RR of_IO public_JJ relations_NN2 experts_NN2 or_CC former_DA journalists_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
For_IF each_DD1 article_NN1 ,_, it_PPH1 was_VBDZ coded_VVN if_CS it_PPH1 was_VBDZ placed_VVN (_( =_FO 1_MC1 )_) or_CC not_XX placed_VVN (_( =_FO 0_MC )_) on_II the_AT front-page_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
While_CS Hoffmann_NP1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 distinction_NN1 into_II high_JJ and_CC low_JJ politics_NN1 has_VHZ rightly_RR been_VBN criticized_VVN for_IF its_APPGE arbitrary_JJ classification_NN1 ,_, it_PPH1 might_VM be_VBI a_AT1 useful_JJ lens_NN1 through_II which_DDQ one_PN1 could_VM see_VVI current_JJ conflicts_NN2 about_II the_AT integration_NN1 of_IO core_NN1 state_NN1 powers_NN2 (_( Genschel_NP1 and_CC Jachtenfuchs_VVZ 2016_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Local_JJ authorities_NN2 tasked_VVD with_IW addressing_VVG such_DA allegations_NN2 sometimes_RT responded_VVN with_IW the_AT brief_JJ explanation_NN1 that_CST ,_, "_" based_VVN on_II the_AT investigation_NN1 of_IO pertinent_JJ agencies_NN2 ,_, what_DDQ the_AT message_NN1 reports_NN2 is_VBZ not_XX true_JJ ,_, "_" but_CCB offered_VVD no_AT explanation_NN1 as_II21 to_II22 why_RRQ they_PPHS2 considered_VVD the_AT report_NN1 to_TO be_VBI false_JJ ._. 
</s>
<s>
Indeed_RR ,_, the_AT contestant_NN1 may_VM claim_VVI to_TO adhere_VVI to_II the_AT predominant_JJ understanding_NN1 of_IO the_AT norm_NN1 to_TO avoid_VVI reputational_JJ costs_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
One_MC1 of_IO the_AT most_RGT famous_JJ and_CC consequential_JJ political_JJ acts_NN2 in_II EU_NP1 politics_NN1 in_II the_AT past_JJ decade_NNT1 ,_, Mario_NP1 Draghi_NP1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 2012_MC intervention_NN1 in_II the_AT Eurozone_NN1 crisis_NN1 to_TO do_VDI '_NULL whatever_DDQV it_PPH1 takes_VVZ '_NULL to_TO save_VVI the_AT Euro_JJ ,_, is_VBZ a_AT1 prime_JJ example_NN1 of_IO new_JJ supranational_JJ entrepreneurship_NN1 made_VVD possible_JJ due_II21 to_II22 media_NN coverage_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
This_DD1 left-right_JJ struggle_NN1 over_II the_AT control_NN1 of_IO the_AT executive_NN1 branch_NN1 was_VBDZ sometimes_RT fierce_JJ and_CC ideological_JJ ,_, but_CCB meanwhile_RR ,_, legislative_JJ decision-making_NN1 in_II parliament_NN1 was_VBDZ relatively_RR pragmatic_JJ and_CC consensus-oriented_JJ ._. 
</s>
<s>
Thompson_NP1 (_( 1995_MC ,_, 2005b_FO )_) ,_, as_CSA noted_VVN above_RL ,_, seems_VVZ to_TO base_VVI the_AT procedures_NN2 on_II deliberative_JJ democracy_NN1 ,_, which_DDQ he_PPHS1 justifies_VVZ in_II other_JJ writings_NN2 (_( Gutmann_NP1 &;_NULL Thompson_NP1 1996_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
These_DD2 developments_NN2 existentially_RR threatened_VVN democracies_NN2 ,_, whose_DDQGE sur_FW vival_NN1 ,_, he_PPHS1 wrote_VVD ,_, might_VM require_VVI "_" fundamental_JJ compromises_NN2 between_II political_JJ freedom_NN1 and_CC military_JJ necessity_NN1 ._. "_" 
</s>
<s>
The_AT virtue_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 field_NN1 theoretic_JJ understanding_NN1 of_IO social_JJ life_NN1 is_VBZ therefore_RR that_CST it_PPH1 combines_VVZ two_MC apparently_RR contradictory_JJ forces_NN2 ,_, those_DD2 that_CST are_VBR endogenous_JJ to_II the_AT field_NN1 (_( in_II the_AT forms_NN2 of_IO demands_NN2 and_CC expectations_NN2 )_) and_CC those_DD2 that_CST par_NN1 ticipants_NN2 produce_VV0 (_( in_II the_AT forms_NN2 of_IO their_APPGE inclination_NN1 and_CC orientation_NN1 towards_II another_DD1 ,_, shaped_VVN by_II what_DDQ is_VBZ at_II stake_NN1 )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
However_RR ,_, the_AT creation_NN1 of_IO EPEC_NP1 and_CC the_AT imposed_JJ requirement_NN1 that_CST member_NN1 states_NN2 create_VV0 national_JJ PPP_NP1 units_NN2 should_VM be_VBI seen_VVN as_CSA de_JJ21 facto_JJ22 promotion_NN1 (_( interview_NN1 3_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Some_DD of_IO these_DD2 coalitions_NN2 might_VM actually_RR be_VBI better_RRR understood_VVN when_CS conceptualized_VVN as_CSA single_JJ units_NN2 ,_, where_CS different_JJ "_" organs_NN2 "_" perform_VV0 functionally_RR distinguished_JJ tasks_NN2 ,_, but_CCB success_NN1 is_VBZ conditioned_VVN by_II how_RRQ (_( and_CC when_RRQ )_) these_DD2 come_VV0 together_RL ._. 
</s>
<s>
Although_CS the_AT findings_NN2 on_II the_AT relationship_NN1 between_II members_NN2 '_NULL roll-call_NN1 voting_NN1 and_CC attendance_NN1 are_VBR intuitive_JJ ,_, it_PPH1 was_VBDZ not_XX obvious_JJ ,_, a_JJ21 priori_JJ22 ,_, that_CST members_NN2 '_NULL public_JJ voting_NN1 behavior_NN1 would_VM match_VVI their_APPGE private_JJ attendance_NN1 behavior_NN1 ,_, or_CC that_CST Republicans_NN2 with_IW more_RGR moderate_JJ voting_NN1 records_NN2 would_VM attend_VVI at_II similarly_RR lower_JJR rates_NN2 as_CSA those_DD2 with_IW more_RGR conservative_JJ ones_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT results_NN2 confirm_VV0 the_AT reliability_NN1 of_IO the_AT valence_NN1 model_NN1 for_IF the_AT study_NN1 of_IO electoral_JJ integrity_NN1 performance-based_NN1 voting_NN1 :_: voters_NN2 show_VV0 their_APPGE support_NN1 for_IF a_AT1 government_NN1 with_IW higher_JJR levels_NN2 of_IO election_NN1 quality_NN1 with_IW different_JJ intensity_NN1 depending_II21 on_II22 micro-_NN1 and_CC macro-level_JJ characteristics_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
As_CSA Beyers_NP1 ,_, Dür_NP1 ,_, and_CC Wonka_NP1 (_( 2018_MC )_) argue_VV0 ,_, the_AT broader_JJR concept_NN1 of_IO salience_NN1 can_VM also_RR be_VBI applied_VVN to_II actors_NN2 other_II21 than_II22 lobbyists_NN2 ,_, such_II21 as_II22 policy_NN1 makers_NN2 ,_, the_AT public_NN1 ,_, and_CC the_AT media_NN ._. 
</s>
<s>
As_CSA actors_NN2 with_IW significant_JJ power_NN1 but_CCB a_AT1 weak_JJ electoral_JJ connection_NN1 ,_, we_PPIS2 might_VM expect_VVI MEPs_NN2 to_TO take_VVI full_JJ advantage_NN1 of_IO Twitter_NN1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 benefits_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Following_VVG Leemann_NP1 and_CC Mares_NP1 (_( 2014_MC )_) ,_, we_PPIS2 argue_VV0 that_CST intraparty_JJ variation_NN1 in_II support_NN1 for_IF PR_NP1 among_II backbenchers_NN2 can_VM be_VBI explained_VVN partly_RR by_II members_NN2 '_NULL differing_VVG exposure_NN1 to_II socialist_JJ electoral_JJ threats_NN2 in_II their_APPGE own_DA local_JJ districts_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
One_MC1 of_IO the_AT world_NN1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 bloodiest_JJT conflicts_NN2 ,_, the_AT Syrian_JJ rebellion_NN1 features_VVZ a_AT1 complex_JJ set_NN1 of_IO actors_NN2 with_IW local_JJ ,_, regional_JJ ,_, and_CC international_JJ ties_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
In_II their_APPGE collective_JJ tone_NN1 ,_, these_DD2 reports_NN2 recognized_VVD that_CST the_AT immediate_JJ issue_NN1 was_VBDZ the_AT jamming_NN1 of_IO the_AT Voice_NN1 of_IO America_NP1 ,_, but_CCB emphasized_VVD that_CST the_AT largerand_NN1 more_DAR substantiveoncern_NN1 was_VBDZ the_AT danger_NN1 posed_VVN by_II the_AT Soviet_JJ capacity_NN1 for_IF electro-magnetic_JJ warfare_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT autonomy_NN1 of_IO the_AT federal_JJ bureaucracy_NN1 was_VBDZ under_II assault_NN1 well_RR before_II the_AT Toddler-in-Chief_NN1 was_VBDZ inaugurated_VVN ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT start_NN1 of_IO the_AT negotiations_NN2 at_II the_AT Intergovernmental_JJ Conference_NN1 (_( IGC_NP1 )_) in_II September_NPM1 2018_MC has_VHZ breathed_VVN new_JJ life_NN1 into_II the_AT process_NN1 ,_, resulting_VVG in_II concrete_JJ discussions_NN2 for_IF the_AT development_NN1 of_IO the_AT agreement_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
As_CSA Huntington_NP1 prescribes_VVZ ,_, "_" When_CS required_VVN in_II his_APPGE executive_NN1 capacity_NN1 to_TO make_VVI decisions_NN2 involving_VVG both_RR military_JJ and_CC political_JJ elements_NN2 ,_, the_AT military_JJ man_NN1 ideally_RR should_VM formulate_VVI his_APPGE military_JJ solution_NN1 first_MD and_CC then_RT alter_VV0 it_PPH1 as_CSA needs_NN2 be_VBI on_II the_AT advice_NN1 of_IO his_APPGE political_JJ advisors_NN2 ._. "_" 
</s>
<s>
For_REX21 example_REX22 ,_, some_DD researchers_NN2 argue_VV0 that_CST racial_JJ resentment_NN1 is_VBZ confounded_VVN with_IW political_JJ ideology_NN1 (_( Feldman_NP1 and_CC Huddy_NP1 2005_MC )_) ,_, whereas_CS others_NN2 contend_VV0 that_CST racial_JJ resentment_NN1 is_VBZ not_XX much_RR different_JJ from_II overt_JJ forms_NN2 of_IO prejudice_NN1 (_( Sniderman_NP1 and_CC Tetlock_NP1 1986_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Publicly_RR organized_VVN rituals_NN2 ,_, reflective_JJ of_IO the_AT economic_JJ capability_NN1 and_CC political_JJ muscles_NN2 of_IO the_AT rich_JJ ,_, pave_VV0 or_CC renew_VV0 a_AT1 network_NN1 of_IO political_JJ relationship_NN1 at_II the_AT local_JJ level_NN1 ,_, thus_RR legitimizing_VVG the_AT loyalty_NN1 functions_NN2 of_IO the_AT recruited_JJ crews_NN2 and_CC mutual_JJ dependence_NN1 between_II the_AT patrons_NN2 and_CC clients_NN2 in_II a_AT1 socio-culturally_RR appropriate_JJ way_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Overall_RR ,_, it_PPH1 seems_VVZ that_CST the_AT audience_NN1 feedback_NN1 was_VBDZ a_AT1 plausible_JJ indicator_NN1 of_IO message_NN1 resonance_NN1 and_CC could_VM have_VHI led_VVN the_AT White_NP1 House_NN1 to_TO exclude_VVI specific_JJ arguments_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Mayntz_NN1 has_VHZ emphasized_VVN that_CST ,_, in_II contrast_NN1 to_II governance_NN1 theories_NN2 which_DDQ focus_VV0 on_II regulatory_JJ structures_NN2 (_( Regelungsstrukturen_NP1 )_) ,_, '_NULL political_JJ steering_NN1 '_NULL theory_NN1 is_VBZ concerned_JJ not_XX only_RR with_IW the_AT policy_NN1 orientation_NN1 of_IO '_NULL steering_VVG subjects_NN2 '_NULL (_( Steuerungssubjekte_NP1 )_) and_CC their_APPGE '_NULL steering_NN1 capacity_NN1 '_NULL ,_, but_CCB also_RR with_IW '_NULL steering_VVG objects_NN2 '_NULL (_( Steuerungsobjekte_NP1 )_) and_CC their_APPGE '_NULL governability_NN1 '_NULL (_( Steuerbarkeit_NP1 )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Even_CS21 if_CS22 the_AT plebs_NN2 certainly_RR desired_VVN to_TO set_VVI themselves_PPX2 free_JJ from_II patrician_NN1 domination_NN1 and_CC punish_VV0 the_AT nobles_NN2 for_IF their_APPGE oppressive_JJ rule_NN1 ,_, there_EX is_VBZ no_AT evidence_NN1 of_IO them_PPHO2 aiming_VVG at_II establishing_VVG themselves_PPX2 hegemonically_RR ,_, at_II taking_VVG up_RP "_" an_AT1 incommensurable_JJ universal_JJ signification_NN1 "_" to_TO constitute_VVI a_AT1 "_" truly_RR universal_JJ populus_NN1 "_" conceived_VVN as_II an_AT1 "_" ideal_JJ totality_NN1 ._. "_" 
</s>
<s>
Because_CS these_DD2 two_MC items_NN2 were_VBDR correlated_VVN ,_, we_PPIS2 summed_VVD them_PPHO2 into_II an_AT1 additive_JJ index_NN1 and_CC rescaled_VVD 0–1_MCMC (_( r_ZZ1 =_FO 0.354_MC ;_; M_ZZ1 =_FO 0.703_MC ;_; SD_NP1 =_FO 0.265_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
For_REX21 example_REX22 ,_, network_NN1 analysis_NN1 can_VM account_VVI for_IF how_RRQ variation_NN1 among_II groups_NN2 in_II their_APPGE degree_NN1 of_IO infighting_NN1 (_( their_APPGE total_JJ number_NN1 of_IO clashes_NN2 with_IW other_JJ groups_NN2 )_) constrains_VVZ the_AT overall_JJ pattern_NN1 of_IO infighting_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
This_DD1 is_VBZ expressed_VVN in_II homophily_RR :_: the_AT tendency_NN1 of_IO individuals_NN2 to_TO seek_VVI out_RP interaction_NN1 with_IW others_NN2 who_PNQS they_PPHS2 perceive_VV0 as_RG similar_JJ to_II them_PPHO2 ._. 
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<s>
It_PPH1 also_RR highlights_VVZ the_AT continuing_JJ shortcomings_NN2 in_II QoL_NP1 assessments_NN2 via_II such_DA indicators_NN2 ,_, however_RR ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT growing_JJ presence_NN1 of_IO military_JJ officers_NN2 and_CC administrators_NN2 in_II Princeton_NP1 led_VVD to_II increased_JJ interest_NN1 throughout_II town_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
But_CCB such_DA complexities_NN2 have_VH0 important_JJ implications_NN2 for_IF tolerance_NN1 ,_, too_RR ,_, as_CSA varieties_NN2 of_IO difference_NN1 beyond_II the_AT static_JJ ,_, largely_RR one-dimensional_JJ groups_NN2 favored_VVD by_II many_DA2 empirical_JJ studies_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Note_VV0 that_CST the_AT only_JJ real_JJ change_NN1 in_II the_AT model_NN1 is_VBZ that_CST the_AT vector_NN1 of_IO statistics_NN #_FO can_VM include_VVI functions_NN2 of_IO the_AT network_NN1 at_II time_NNT1 t_ZZ1 just_RR as_CSA in_II the_AT cross-sectional_JJ ERGM_NN1 in_II equation_NN1 but_CCB also_RR temporal_JJ statistics_NN such_II21 as_II22 the_AT stability_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 tie_NN1 ,_, delayed_VVD reciprocity_NN1 ,_, and_RR31 so_RR32 forth_RR33 ._. 
</s>
<s>
By_II 2009_MC ,_, this_DD1 dependence_NN1 had_VHD been_VBN overcome_VVN ,_, which_DDQ made_VVD diverging_JJ imaginaries_NN2 more_RGR credible_JJ at_II the_AT IMF_NP1 ,_, especially_RR during_II the_AT window_NN1 of_IO opportunity_NN1 opened_VVD by_II the_AT crisis_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT college_NN1 has_VHZ partnerships_NN2 with_IW a_AT1 number_NN1 of_IO the_AT big_JJ aerospace_NN1 businesses_NN2 located_VVN in_II Samara_NP1 ,_, all_DB of_IO which_DDQ use_VV0 its_APPGE training_NN1 facilities_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Thus_RR ,_, if_CS the_AT local_JJ administration_NN1 can_VM find_VVI a_AT1 way_NN1 to_TO remove_VVI the_AT family_NN1 from_II their_APPGE current_JJ residence_NN1 and_CC convert_VV0 the_AT plot_NN1 into_II farmland_NN1 ,_, a_AT1 saving_NN1 in_II the_AT construction_NN1 land_NN1 quota_NN1 can_VM be_VBI generated_VVN ._. 
</s>
<s>
If_CS a_AT1 backbench_NN1 MP_NN1 wants_VVZ to_TO lobby_VVI a_AT1 minister_NN1 to_TO take_VVI some_DD particular_JJ action_NN1 ,_, the_AT way_NN1 to_TO do_VDI it_PPH1 is_VBZ not_XX to_TO confront_VVI the_AT minister_NN1 publicly_RR ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT constraints_NN2 apply_VV0 to_II both_DB2 the_AT executive_NN1 and_CC the_AT political_JJ parties_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
However_RR ,_, if_CS citizens_NN2 perceive_VV0 female_JJ presidents_NN2 as_RG less_RGR "_" successful_JJ "_" than_CSN male_JJ presidentsparticularly_RR on_II corruption_NN1 issues_NN2 where_RRQ citizens_NN2 thought_VVD these_DD2 women_NN2 would_VM be_VBI more_RGR effectivepublic_JJ support_NN1 for_IF women_NN2 in_II politics_NN1 may_VM erode_VVI ._. 
</s>
<s>
Such_DA institutions_NN2 are_VBR ontologically_RR no_AT different_JJ from_II any_DD other_JJ type_NN1 of_IO practice_NN1 ,_, they_PPHS2 are_VBR merely_RR a_AT1 particular_JJ type_NN1 of_IO practices_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
For_REX21 example_REX22 ,_, the_AT time_NNT1 horizon_NN1 of_IO 2045_MC has_VHZ been_VBN given_VVN for_IF '_NULL high-level_JJ machine_NN1 intelligence_NN1 '_NULL (_( Grace_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2018_MC )_) ,_, and_CC 2100_MC for_IF climate_NN1 change_NN1 (_( Steffen_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2018_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
However_RR ,_, most_DAT of_IO the_AT existing_JJ studies_NN2 are_VBR limited_VVN to_II either_RR estimating_VVG the_AT composite_JJ effects_NN2 of_IO broad_JJ institutional_JJ arrangements_NN2 ,_, or_CC the_AT effects_NN2 of_IO individual_JJ institutions_NN2 that_CST are_VBR often_RR confounded_VVN with_IW other_JJ correlated_JJ components_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Our_APPGE study_NN1 also_RR suggests_VVZ many_DA2 avenues_NN2 for_IF future_JJ research_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Both_DB2 sides_NN2 are_VBR now_RT interconnected_VVN with_IW multiple_JJ communication_NN1 channels_NN2 in_II a_AT1 manner_NN1 suggesting_VVG that_CST their_APPGE level_NN1 of_IO economic_JJ interaction_NN1 can_VM hardly_RR drop_VVI to_II pre-1999_JJ levels_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
While_CS the_AT reforms_NN2 have_VH0 substantially_RR improved_VVN the_AT solvency_NN1 and_CC liquidity_NN1 of_IO globally_RR systemic_JJ banks_NN2 ,_, deficiencies_NN2 remain_VV0 (_( Aikman_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2018_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Figure_VV0 1_MC1 displays_VVZ the_AT fieldwork_NN1 regions_NN2 and_CC regions_NN2 where_RRQ fieldwork_NN1 could_VM not_XX safely_RR take_VVI place_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
There_EX are_VBR no_AT established_JJ dates_NN2 by_II which_DDQ parties_NN2 must_VM achieve_VVI their_APPGE GHG_NP1 emissions_NN2 peaksonly_RR a_AT1 vague_JJ '_NULL as_RG soon_RR as_CSA possible_JJ '_NULL ._. 
</s>
<s>
Research_NN1 on_II MPAs_NN2 globally_RR demonstrate_VV0 that_CST there_EX are_VBR many_DA2 long-term_JJ benefits_NN2 associated_VVN with_IW effective_JJ protection_NN1 ,_, such_II21 as_II22 the_AT replenishment_NN1 of_IO fish_NN stocks_NN2 and_CC increases_VVZ in_II the_AT size_NN1 and_CC biomass_NN1 of_IO marine_JJ species_NN ._. 
</s>
<s>
According_II21 to_II22 Grace_NP1 ,_, who_PNQS had_VHD a_AT1 history_NN1 of_IO col_NN1 laboration_NN1 with_IW the_AT CIA_NP1 ,_, "_" this_DD1 proposal_NN1 is_VBZ so_RG important_JJ ..._... why_RRQ can_VM '_NULL t_ZZ1 we_PPIS2 ..._... get_VV0 the_AT government_NN1 behind_II it_PPH1 ?_? ..._... 
</s>
<s>
Not_XX only_RR does_VDZ it_PPH1 show_VVI that_DD1 Chinese_JJ local_JJ deputies_NN2 do_VD0 perform_VVI certain_JJ representational_JJ roles_NN2 ,_, it_PPH1 also_RR illustrates_VVZ that_CST these_DD2 representational_JJ activities_NN2 are_VBR mainly_RR mobilized_VVN by_II the_AT party_NN1 regime_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
This_DD1 caused_VVD the_AT conflict_NN1 to_TO proliferate_VVI across_II additional_JJ dimensions_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
It_PPH1 is_VBZ not_XX them_PPHO2 who_PNQS depend_VV0 on_II the_AT empire_NN1 to_TO grant_VVI them_PPHO2 property_NN1 rights_NN2 ,_, but_CCB imperial_JJ authority_NN1 that_CST relies_VVZ on_II the_AT local_JJ authority_NN1 of_IO these_DD2 elites_NN2 for_IF the_AT exercise_NN1 of_IO its_APPGE power_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Role_NN1 expectations_NN2 upon_II Greece_NP1 to_TO enact_VVI the_AT role_NN1 of_IO eco_NN1 nomic_JJ reformer_NN1 as_II the_AT most_RGT appropriate_JJ role_NN1 in_II the_AT current_JJ situation_NN1 took_VVD the_AT form_NN1 of_IO social_JJ cues_NN2 coming_VVG from_II the_AT global_JJ economic_JJ system_NN1 (_( impartial_JJ spectator/general_NN1 other_NN1 )_) as_II31 well_II32 as_II33 a_AT1 role_NN1 that_CST was_VBDZ negotiated_VVN with_IW Germany_NP1 and_CC the_AT EU_NP1 institutions_NN2 in_II the_AT role_NN1 location_NN1 process_NN1 (_( Matthijs_NP1 and_CC McNamara_NP1 2015_MC ,_, 235-237_MCMC ;_; Schmidt_NP1 2014_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
However_RR ,_, the_AT tools_NN2 for_IF studying_VVG the_AT structure_NN1 of_IO party_NN1 competition_NN1 in_II the_AT classic_JJ party_NN1 systems_NN2 literature_NN1 are_VBR limited_VVN ._. 
</s>
<s>
Those_DD2 in_II31 favor_II32 of_II33 such_DA a_AT1 course_NN1 were_VBDR particularly_RR vocal_JJ in_II the_AT Johannesburg_NP1 Central_JJ branch_NN1 ,_, though_CS newspaper_NN1 reports_NN2 suggested_VVD that_CST strong_JJ sentiment_NN1 favoring_VVG such_DA a_AT1 move_NN1 at_II six_MC of_IO the_AT party_NN1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 provincial_JJ conferences_NN2 in_II 2004_MC ,_, especially_RR from_II YCL_NP1 members_NN2 (_( Tabane_NP1 2004_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Many_DA2 of_IO the_AT other_JJ factors_NN2 tend_VV0 to_TO separate_VVI out_RP between_II distal_JJ and_CC proximate_JJ ,_, with_IW the_AT latter_DA often_RR functioning_VVG as_RG partial_JJ or_CC fully_RR mediating_VVG causes_NN2 in_II the_AT large_JJ causal_JJ sequence_NN1 ,_, with_IW minor_JJ independent_JJ significance_NN1 (_( as_CSA perMahoney_NN1 et_RA21 al_RA22 ._. 
</s>
<s>
2009_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Discourses_NN2 from_II Western_JJ Marxists_NN2 like_II Gramsci_NP1 and_CC Habermas_NP2 and_CC civic_JJ republicans_NN2 like_II Arendt_NP1 on_II civil_JJ society_NN1 (_( especially_RR public_JJ sphere_NN1 )_) offer_VV0 additional_JJ inspirations_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Even_RR more_RRR ,_, for_IF these_DD2 scholars_NN2 institutions_NN2 are_VBR a_AT1 precondition_NN1 for_IF the_AT emerging_JJ model_NN1 of_IO post-communist_JJ capitalism_NN1 rather_II21 than_II22 its_APPGE determinant_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Diplomatic_JJ correspondence_NN1 reveals_VVZ that_CST states_VVZ increasingly_RR view_VV0 traditional_JJ military_JJ alliances_NN2 as_CSA inadequate_JJ to_II the_AT current_JJ global_JJ security_NN1 environment_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
If_CS artificial_JJ '_NULL superintelligence_NN1 '_NULL is_VBZ a_AT1 technical_JJ possibility_NN1 ,_, then_RT a_AT1 single_JJ invention_NN1 could_VM be_VBI humanity_NN1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 lastfor_NN1 better_RRR or_CC worse_JJR (_( Bostrom_NP1 ,_, 2014_MC ;_; Russell_NP1 ,_, 2019_MC ;_; Shanahan_NP1 ,_, 2015_MC ;_; Tegmark_NP1 ,_, 2017_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Russia_NP1 and_CC China_NP1 have_VH0 a_AT1 long_JJ ,_, volatile_JJ history_NN1 ,_, although_CS they_PPHS2 have_VH0 never_RR gone_VVN to_II war_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
More_DAR work_NN1 is_VBZ also_RR needed_VVN to_TO reconstruct_VVI the_AT details_NN2 of_IO U.S._NP1 labor_NN1 activism_NN1 on_II the_AT ground_NN1 ,_, a_AT1 history_NN1 that_CST will_VM require_VVI extensive_JJ local_JJ sources_NN2 documenting_VVG both_RR collaboration_NN1 and_CC resistance_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
More_RGR recent_JJ work_NN1 (_( e.g._REX ,_, Clare_NP1 2014_MC ;_; Colaresi_NP1 2004_MC ;_; Davies_NP1 and_CC Johns_NP1 2016_MC ;_; Schultz_NP1 2005_MC )_) takes_VVZ into_II consideration_NN1 that_CST voters_NN2 might_VM update_VVI their_APPGE opinions_NN2 based_VVN on_II the_AT adversary_NN1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 reaction_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Marxists_NN2 look_VV0 forward_RL to_II the_AT negation_NN1 of_IO capitalism_NN1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 commodity-form_JJ that_CST will_VM simultaneously_RR free_VVI use-values_NN2 from_II exchange-value_NN1 and_CC labor_NN1 from_II alienation_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Entry_NN1 may_VM involve_VVI vetting_VVG procedures_NN2 ,_, a_AT1 trial_NN1 period_NN1 ,_, or_CC some_DD other_JJ cost_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
While_CS the_AT questions_NN2 asking_VVG whether_CSW the_AT counterarguments_NN2 are_VBR reasonable_JJ or_CC worth_II considering_VVG elicited_VVN a_AT1 response_NN1 to_II treatment_NN1 ,_, none_PN of_IO the_AT vignettes_NN2 produced_VVD a_AT1 significant_JJ difference_NN1 in_II whether_CSW respondents_NN2 changed_VVD their_APPGE opinion_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
For_IF many_DA2 of_IO the_AT normative_JJ institutionalists_NN2 ,_, a_AT1 chief_JJ objection_NN1 to_II institutional_JJ corruption_NN1 is_VBZ that_CST it_PPH1 violates_VVZ a_AT1 principle_NN1 of_IO equality_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Diplomacy_NN1 lies_VVZ at_II the_AT core_NN1 of_IO the_AT study_NN1 of_IO international_JJ relations_NN2 ,_, with_IW the_AT discipline_NN1 having_VHG some_DD of_IO its_APPGE deepest_JJT roots_NN2 in_II diplomatic_JJ history_NN1 and_CC practice_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Hobbes_NP1 thus_RR highlighted_VVN egalitarian_JJ aspects_NN2 of_IO liberal_JJ statecraft_NN1 that_CST are_VBR often_RR marginalized_VVN in_II contemporary_JJ debates_NN2 about_II economic_JJ policy_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
There_EX is_VBZ little_DA1 difference_NN1 in_II exposure_NN1 to_TO vote_VVI buying_VVG between_II those_DD2 on_II either_DD1 side_NN1 of_IO the_AT placebo_NN1 thresholds_NN2 ,_, although_CS those_DD2 within_II 365_MC days_NNT2 above_II age_NN1 17_MC are_VBR more_RGR likely_JJ to_TO receive_VVI a_AT1 turnout-buying_JJ offer_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
All_DB parties_NN2 understand_VV0 the_AT importance_NN1 of_IO such_DA signals_NN2 ,_, but_CCB incumbent_JJ parties_NN2 are_VBR better_RRR positioned_VVN (_( relative_II21 to_II22 opposition_NN1 parties_NN2 )_) to_TO use_VVI distributive_JJ policies_NN2 strategically_RR ._. 
</s>
<s>
Dr_NNB Ernst_NP1 Engel_NP1 ,_, chief_JJ Prussian_JJ statistician_NN1 from_II 1860_MC ,_, wrote_VVD in_II September_NPM1 1863_MC of_IO attempts_NN2 in_II 1847_MC and_CC 1848_MC to_TO repeal_VVI the_AT Milling_NN1 &;_NULL Slaughter_NN1 Tax_NN1 ,_, '_NULL the_AT motive_NN1 mainly_RR being_VBG the_AT improvement_NN1 of_IO the_AT situation_NN1 of_IO the_AT working_JJ classes_NN2 ,_, whom_PNQO one_PN1 saw_VVD as_RG disadvantaged_JJ by_II the_AT Milling_NN1 Tax_NN1 '_NULL ._. 
</s>
<s>
Nasser_NP1 and_CC the_AT Free_JJ Officers_NN2 ,_, like_II Ali_NP1 and_CC Bank_NP1 Mir_NP1 before_II them_PPHO2 ,_, envisioned_VVD industrialisation_NN1 as_CSA central_JJ to_II gaining_VVG economic_JJ and_CC political_JJ independence_NN1 ,_, as_II31 well_II32 as_II33 social_JJ development_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Reactors_NN2 pose_VV0 an_AT1 international_JJ safety_NN1 risk_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT interaction_NN1 with_IW others_NN2 can_VM lead_VVI to_II their_APPGE recognition_NN1 of_IO the_AT excellence_NN1 of_IO our_APPGE exemplars_NN2 by_II others_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
But_CCB there_EX is_VBZ little_DA1 consideration_NN1 of_IO the_AT technical_JJ and_CC political_JJ realities_NN2 entailed_VVN in_II implementing_VVG those_DD2 inducements_NN2 or_CC of_IO what_DDQ physical_JJ consequence_NN1 may_VM unfold_VVI on_II the_AT ground_NN1 in_II East_ND1 Asia_NP1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Every_AT1 state_NN1 possessed_VVD autonomy_NN1 to_TO create_VVI the_AT tax_NN1 system_NN1 its_APPGE voters_NN2 found_VVD most_RGT suitable_JJ ,_, and_CC that_DD1 autonomy_NN1 led_VVD inevitably_RR to_II gaps_NN2 and_CC overlaps_VVZ in_II taxation_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Indeed_RR ,_, as_CSA Cammack_NP1 has_VHZ pointed_VVN out_RP ,_, some_DD Straussians_NN2 have_VH0 dismissed_VVN this_DD1 metaphor_NN1 as_CSA "_" monstrous_JJ "_" and_CC thus_RR clearly_RR ironic_JJ ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT same_DA trend_NN1 can_VM be_VBI seen_VVN in_II Spain_NP1 ,_, Ireland_NP1 ,_, France_NP1 ,_, and_CC others_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
With_IW such_DA material_NN1 relations_NN2 '_NULL contain&lsqb;ing&rsqb;_VV0 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT authors_NN2 conducted_VVD face-to-face_JJ interviews_NN2 with_IW 75_MC local_JJ cadres_NN2 in_II total_NN1 ,_, two_MC questionnaire_NN1 surveys_NN2 on_II 602_MC village_NN1 cadres_NN2 ,_, and_CC archival_JJ research_NN1 at_II the_AT county_NN1 library_NN1 and_CC archives_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Exactly_RR because_CS the_AT SWIFT_JJ organization_NN1 was_VBDZ a_AT1 crucial_JJ hub_NN1 in_II global_JJ economic_JJ exchange_NN1 ,_, it_PPH1 allowed_VVD those_DD2 states_NN2 that_CST had_VHD jurisdictional_JJ sway_NN1 over_II it_PPH1 to_TO employ_VVI the_AT panopticon_NN1 and_CC chokepoint_VVI effects_NN2 ,_, just_RR as_CSA our_APPGE framework_NN1 expects_VVZ ._. 
</s>
<s>
In_II the_AT early_JJ weeks_NNT2 of_IO his_APPGE presidency_NN1 Macron_NP1 was_VBDZ keen_JJ to_TO project_VVI the_AT image_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 self-assured_JJ head_NN1 of_IO state_NN1 ,_, who_PNQS despite_II his_APPGE youth_NN1 and_CC relative_JJ lack_NN1 of_IO political_JJ experience_NN1 would_VM ensure_VVI that_CST France_NP1 would_VM exert_VVI its_APPGE full_JJ influence_NN1 in_II the_AT international_JJ sphere_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Panel_NN1 (_( e_ZZ1 )_) shows_VVZ that_CST countries_NN2 pursuing_VVG consumption-oriented_JJ economic_JJ growth_NN1 faced_VVD much_RR higher_JJR levels_NN2 of_IO inequality_NN1 ;_; the_AT income_NN1 of_IO the_AT richest_JJT 10_MC percent_NNU of_IO households_NN2 was_VBDZ five_MC to_II seven_MC times_NNT2 greater_JJR than_CSN that_DD1 of_IO the_AT bottom_NN1 10_MC percent_NNU ._. 
</s>
<s>
Today_RT ,_, Sweden_NP1 is_VBZ in_II the_AT middle_NN1 ,_, with_IW Denmark_NP1 and_CC Finland_NP1 having_VHG more_DAR parties_NN2 and_CC Norway_NP1 and_CC Iceland_NP1 having_VHG fewer_DAR ._. 
</s>
<s>
As_II the_AT noble_JJ soul_NN1 confidently_RR distinguishes_VVZ himself_PPX1 ,_, his_APPGE ego_NN1 ,_, and_CC his_APPGE faith_NN1 ,_, the_AT hermit_NN1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 abysses_NN2 will_VM swallow_VVI them_PPHO2 ._. 
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<s>
However_RR ,_, issues_NN2 relating_VVG to_II insufficient_JJ capacity_NN1 and_CC de-responsibilization_NN1 might_VM arise_VVI even_CS21 if_CS22 the_AT organizations_NN2 replacing_VVG states_NN2 are_VBR charities_NN2 acting_VVG in_II a_AT1 mor_NN1 ally_NN1 responsible_JJ manner_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
After_II eight_MC years_NNT2 in_II government_NN1 and_CC severe_JJ electoral_JJ decline_NN1 ,_, the_AT CDA_NP1 lost_VVD its_APPGE status_NN1 as_II a_AT1 dominant_JJ party_NN1 in_II the_AT Dutch_JJ party_NN1 system_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
They_PPHS2 also_RR acknowl_VV0 edge_NN1 some_DD variability_NN1 in_II the_AT process_NN1 by_II highlighting_VVG other_JJ CFPE_NN1 strategies_NN2 (_( Carter_NP1 and_CC Scott_NP1 2009_MC ,_, 2010_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
Political_JJ parties_NN2 are_VBR central_JJ to_II the_AT operation_NN1 of_IO democratic_JJ government_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
To_TO be_VBI sure_JJ ,_, criticism_NN1 of_IO the_AT treaty_NN1 is_VBZ nothing_PN1 new_JJ and_CC dates_VVZ back_RP to_II at_RR21 least_RR22 the_AT 1940s_MC2 ._. 
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<s>
Whereas_CS norm_NN1 internalization_NN1 is_VBZ the_AT main_JJ route_NN1 from_II patriotism_NN1 to_II cosmopolitanism_NN1 in_II this_DD1 case_NN1 ,_, it_PPH1 is_VBZ not_XX the_AT only_JJ one_PN1 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT measure_NN1 is_VBZ "_" normative-naive_JJ "_" (_( Lau_NP1 and_CC Redlawsk_NP1 ,_, 1997_MC )_) na?ve_JJ in_II the_AT sense_NN1 that_CST it_PPH1 does_VDZ not_XX presume_VVI that_CST voters_NN2 "_" should_VM "_" have_VH0 any_DD particular_JJ political_JJ interests_NN2 or_CC preferences_NN2 based_VVN on_II their_APPGE demographic_JJ profile_NN1 or_CC social_JJ standing_NN1 ,_, instead_RR assuming_VVG that_CST voters_NN2 themselves_PPX2 are_VBR the_AT best_JJT judges_NN2 of_IO what_DDQ parties_NN2 and_CC groups_NN2 to_TO identify_VVI with_IW ,_, and_CC which_DDQ particular_JJ policies_NN2 suit_VV0 them_PPHO2 ;_; but_CCB normative_JJ in_II the_AT sense_NN1 that_CST it_PPH1 relies_VVZ on_II expert_NN1 judgments_NN2 as_II21 to_II22 what_DDQ policy_NN1 stands_VVZ the_AT different_JJ candidates_NN2 actually_RR hold_VV0 ,_, which_DDQ groups_NN2 they_PPHS2 support_VV0 ,_, what_DDQ personality_NN1 traits_NN2 they_PPHS2 exhibit_VV0 ,_, and_RR31 so_RR32 on_RR33 ;_; and_CC the_AT decision_NN1 rule_NN1 that_CST if_CS a_AT1 particular_JJ criterion_NN1 is_VBZ used_VVN to_TO evaluate_VVI one_MC1 alternative_NN1 ,_, it_PPH1 ought_VMK to_TO be_VBI used_VVN to_TO evaluate_VVI every_AT1 alternative_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Nevertheless_RR ,_, the_AT NPC_NP1 has_VHZ undergone_VVN a_AT1 huge_JJ transition_NN1 since_CS the_AT turn_NN1 of_IO the_AT century_NNT1 as_CSA more_DAR and_CC more_RGR social_JJ elites_NN2 have_VH0 been_VBN recruited_VVN onto_II its_APPGE committees_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
More_RGR recently_RR ,_, the_AT president_NN1 has_VHZ referred_VVN directly_RR to_II the_AT threats_NN2 to_II Russia_NP1 posed_VVD by_II the_AT United_NP1 States_NP1 in_II the_AT Arctic_JJ ._. 
</s>
<s>
In_RR21 addition_RR22 ,_, such_DA parliament_NN1 ,_, thus_RR ,_, makes_VVZ clear_JJ what_DDQ standards_NN2 of_IO conduct_NN1 its_APPGE Members_NN2 are_VBR expected_VVN to_TO adhere_VVI to_II ._. 
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<s>
We_PPIS2 employed_VVD the_AT Girvan–Newman_NN1 algorithm_NN1 because_CS ,_, as_CSA stated_VVN by_II and_CC Wang_NP1 (_( 2016_MC ,_, p._NN1 100_MC )_) ,_, "_" this_DD1 method_NN1 finds_VVZ the_AT best_JJT partition_NN1 to_TO classify_VVI nodes_NN2 in_II dense_JJ groups_NN2 ,_, "_" and_CC our_APPGE assumption_NN1 was_VBDZ that_DD1 Catalan_JJ MPs_NN2 will_VM be_VBI grouped_VVN around_II their_APPGE political_JJ parties_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
While_CS Brazil_NP1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 proposal_NN1 for_IF a_AT1 principle_NN1 of_IO '_NULL Responsibility_NN1 while_CS Protecting_VVG '_NULL did_VDD not_XX target_VVI the_AT R2P_FO '_NULL s_ZZ1 core_NN1 validity_NN1 ,_, it_PPH1 called_VVD for_IF greater_JJR accountability_NN1 of_IO collective_JJ action_NN1 authorized_VVN by_II the_AT UN_NP1 Security_NN1 Council_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT potential_JJ exclusion_NN1 of_IO benefits_NN2 to_II investors_NN2 from_II third_MD countries_NN2 suggests_VVZ that_CST at_RR21 least_RR22 some_DD treaty_NN1 negotiators_NN2 are_VBR concerned_JJ about_II free_JJ riding_NN1 and_CC wish_VV0 to_TO curtail_VVI it_PPH1 ._. 
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<s>
Domestic-level_JJ explanations_NN2 rightly_RR incorporate_VV0 ideas_NN2 ,_, but_CCB also_RR struggle_VV0 to_TO explain_VVI U.S._NP1 grand_JJ strategy_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
They_PPHS2 have_VH0 been_VBN both_RR politically_RR and_CC mili_NN2 tarily_RR extremely_RR influential_JJ for_IF many_DA2 centuries_NNT2 due_II21 to_II22 their_APPGE complete_JJ control_NN1 of_IO major_JJ transportation_NN1 and_CC trades_NN2 routes_NN2 that_CST connected_VVD Asia_NP1 and_CC Europe_NP1 at_II that_DD1 time_NNT1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Father_NNB Aleksandr_NP1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 account_NN1 shows_VVZ that_CST problems_NN2 concerning_II property_NN1 restitution_NN1 for_IF '_NULL non-traditional_JJ '_NULL religious_JJ organisations_NN2 like_II the_AT Catholic_JJ Church_NN1 are_VBR persisting_VVG ,_, in_II31 spite_II32 of_II33 the_AT introduction_NN1 of_IO the_AT 2010_MC law_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
As_CS31 far_CS32 as_CS33 this_DD1 growth_NN1 was_VBDZ concerned_JJ ,_, primacy_NN1 was_VBDZ now_RT increasingly_RR given_VVN to_II these_DD2 new_JJ economic_JJ ideas_NN2 ,_, at_II root_NN1 a_AT1 process_NN1 that_CST saw_VVD planners_NN2 ,_, placed_VVN under_II socialist_JJ construction_NN1 in_II opposition_NN1 to_II markets_NN2 ,_, move_VV0 back_RP from_II this_DD1 opposition_NN1 in_II ways_NN2 that_CST saw_VVD space_NN1 arise_VVI for_IF commerce_NN1 and_CC economic_JJ activity_NN1 aimed_VVN at_II trade_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
As_CSA already_RR argued_VVN ,_, it_PPH1 might_VM prove_VVI useful_JJ to_TO think_VVI of_IO the_AT various_JJ cause–effect_NN1 relationships_NN2 as_CSA being_VBG in_II a_AT1 circular_JJ relationship_NN1 to_II each_PPX221 other_PPX222 :_: terrorist_JJ activities_NN2 might_VM induce_VVI government_NN1 to_TO declare_VVI a_AT1 SOE_NP1 ,_, which_DDQ might_VM lead_VVI to_II higher_JJR repression_NN1 levels_NN2 ,_, which_DDQ might_VM ,_, in_II turn_NN1 ,_, lead_VV0 to_II a_AT1 higheror_NN1 lowernumber_NN1 of_IO terrorist_JJ incidents_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
If_CS that_DD1 were_VBDR to_TO happen_VVI ,_, it_PPH1 would_VM ignite_VVI heated_JJ debate_NN1 within_II relevant_JJ interpretative_JJ communities_NN2 over_II whether_CSW and_CC how_RRQ the_AT legal_JJ obligations_NN2 of_IO the_AT state_NN1 unfortunate_JJ enough_RR to_TO find_VVI itself_PPX1 in_II that_DD1 position_NN1 can_VM ,_, or_CC should_VM ,_, be_VBI interpreted_VVN ._. 
</s>
<s>
By_II 1951_MC ,_, A._NP1 L._NP1 Poole_NP1 in_II the_AT relevant_JJ volume_NN1 of_IO the_AT first_MD Oxford_NP1 History_NN1 of_IO England_NP1 made_VVD only_RR a_AT1 glancing_JJ reference_NN1 in_II a_AT1 footnote_NN1 to_II William_NP1 fitz_VV0 Osbert_NP1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 rebellion_NN1 ,_, in_II the_AT context_NN1 of_IO discussing_VVG Hubert_NP1 Walter_NP1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 resignation_NN1 (_( Poole_NP1 ,_, 1951_MC ,_, 443n3_FO )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT first_MD critical_JJ period_NN1 of_IO debate_NN1 is_VBZ immediately_RR before_CS and_CC after_CS the_AT Russian_JJ annexation_NN1 of_IO Crimea_NP1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Founded_VVN and_CC sponsored_VVN by_II US-based_JJ edi_JJ Media_NN Inc._JJ in_II Hollywood_NP1 ,_, the_AT CAFF_NN1 has_VHZ developed_VVN over_II the_AT past_JJ decade_NNT1 from_II a_AT1 simple_JJ film-showcase_JJ event_NN1 into_II an_AT1 influential_JJ film_NN1 festival_NN1 with_IW an_AT1 opening_NN1 ceremony_NN1 and_CC other_JJ events_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT results_NN2 remain_VV0 robust_JJ to_II this_DD1 analysis_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT average_JJ difference_NN1 is_VBZ estimated_VVN to_TO be_VBI around_RG two_MC million_NNO cordobas_NN2 (_( p_ZZ1 <_FO 0.01_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
At_II other_JJ times_NNT2 ,_, as_CSA in_II the_AT early_JJ years_NNT2 of_IO the_AT Democratic_JJ Progressive_JJ Party_NN1 in_II the_AT late_JJ 1980s_MC2 Taiwan_NP1 ,_, opposition_NN1 forces_NN2 may_VM have_VHI little_JJ resources_NN2 ,_, but_CCB their_APPGE limited_JJ power_NN1 may_VM highly_RR concentrated_VVN within_II a_AT1 single_JJ party_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Various_JJ processes_NN2 ,_, in_RR21 particular_RR22 associated_VVN with_IW the_AT indus_NN1 trial_NN1 revolution_NN1 and_CC developments_NN2 that_CST followed_VVD ,_, have_VH0 led_VVN to_II a_AT1 seeming_JJ detachment_NN1 between_II our_APPGE natural_JJ roots_NN2 and_CC life_NN1 support_NN1 systems_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Membership_NN1 stability_NN1 has_VHZ yet_RR to_TO become_VVI the_AT norm_NN1 ,_, and_CC this_DD1 weakens_VVZ the_AT NPC_NP1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 overall_JJ autonomy_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT United_NP1 States_NP1 had_VHD proven_VVN that_CST its_APPGE highest_JJT political_JJ offices_NN2 were_VBDR not_XX immune_JJ to_TO abuse_VVI ,_, and_CC as_CSA Senator_NNB Church_NP1 had_VHD warned_VVN a_AT1 decade_NNT1 prior_II21 to_II22 NSDD_NP1 145_MC ,_, the_AT involvement_NN1 of_IO an_AT1 intelligence_NN1 agency_NN1 as_CSA technologi_NN2 cally_RR capable_JJ as_II the_AT NSA_NN1 in_II domestic_JJ affairs_NN2 could_VM have_VHI terrible_JJ consequences_NN2 in_II the_AT future_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT large_JJ numbers_NN2 of_IO high-power_JJ transmitters_NN2 under_II construc_NN1 tion_NN1 or_CC finished_VVD appeared_VVD to_TO be_VBI in_II31 excess_II32 of_II33 Soviet_JJ internal_JJ requirements_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT emphasis_NN1 on_II contestation_NN1 is_VBZ further_RRR contrasted_VVN with_IW the_AT kind_NN1 of_IO pluralism_NN1 that_CST seeks_VVZ only_RR an_AT1 accommodation_NN1 among_II various_JJ interest_NN1 groups_NN2 (_( Pettit_NP1 1997_MC ,_, 202–205_MCMC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Sunk_JJ costs_NN2 in_II investments_NN2 are_VBR ubiquitous_JJ as_CSA has_VHZ been_VBN noted_VVN ._. 
</s>
<s>
Engels_NN2 may_VM have_VHI said_VVN of_IO Marx_NP1 ,_, at_II the_AT 1883_MC graveside_NN1 speech_NN1 ,_, '_NULL fighting_NN1 was_VBDZ his_APPGE element_NN1 '_NULL ,_, but_CCB it_PPH1 is_VBZ hard_JJ to_TO misconstrue_VVI the_AT combativeness_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Whether_CSW31 or_CSW32 not_CSW33 the_AT action_NN1 is_VBZ successful_JJ ,_, exporting_NN1 sees_VVZ the_AT company_NN1 initiating_VVG punitive_JJ action_NN1 against_II another_DD1 actor_NN1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 noncompliance_NN1 with_IW international_JJ law_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT SAF_NP1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 establishment_NN1 intensified_JJ cooperation_NN1 with_IW the_AT World_NN1 Bank_NN1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 concessional_JJ lending_NN1 arm_NN1 ,_, the_AT International_JJ Development_NN1 Association_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT ways_NN2 the_AT Nixon_NP1 Administration_NN1 prepared_VVN for_IF arms_NN2 control_NN1 talks_NN2 underscores_VVZ the_AT importance_NN1 of_IO domestic_JJ politics_NN1 in_II the_AT making_NN1 of_IO U.S._NP1 foreign_JJ policy_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Mir_NP1 is_VBZ harmony_NN1 ,_, absence_NN1 of_IO animosity_NN1 ,_, hatred_NN1 ,_, war_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Ford_NP1 brushed_VVD off_RP criticisms_NN2 of_IO its_APPGE behavior_NN1 following_VVG the_AT audit_NN1 by_II saying_VVG that_CST it_PPH1 highlighted_VVD areas_NN2 where_RRQ the_AT company_NN1 needed_VVD to_TO improve_VVI ,_, and_CC the_AT news_NN1 received_VVD relatively_RR little_JJ attention_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Yet_RR the_AT electoral_JJ inroads_NN2 that_CST ERPs_NN2 have_VH0 made_VVN in_II European_JJ party_NN1 systems_NN2 pose_VV0 complex_JJ challenges_NN2 to_II mainstream_JJ parties_NN2 ,_, both_RR on_II the_AT left_JJ and_CC on_II the_AT right_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT value_NN1 '_NULL 3_MC '_NULL signifies_VVZ a_AT1 fairly_RR strong_JJ push_NN1 for_IF liberalisation_NN1 ,_, but_CCB not_XX one_PN1 that_CST indicates_VVZ an_AT1 absolute_JJ and_CC unconditional_JJ demand_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
He_PPHS1 did_VDD not_XX want_VVI it_PPH1 discussed_VVD and_CC debated_VVN at_II the_AT White_NP1 House_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Even_RR in_II countries_NN2 that_CST appear_VV0 to_TO have_VHI shaken_VVN vestiges_NN2 of_IO communist_JJ practices_NN2 via_II extensive_JJ deployments_NN2 of_IO formed_JJ units_NN2 (_( e.g._REX ,_, Poland_NP1 5_MC and_CC Slovenia_NP1 6_MC )_) ,_, continue_VV0 to_TO exhibit_VVI strong_JJ cases_NN2 of_IO conceptual_JJ incoherence_NN1 ,_, as_CSA legacy_NN1 concepts_NN2 ,_, assumptions_NN2 ,_, and_CC indeed_RR even_RR their_APPGE institutional_JJ logic_NN1 ,_, interfere_VV0 with_IW the_AT full_JJ adoption_NN1 of_IO Western_JJ defense_NN1 and_CC military_JJ norms_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Leaders_NN2 choose_VV0 positions_NN2 to_TO trade_VVI off_II the_AT benefit_NN1 of_IO choosing_VVG a_AT1 more_RGR moderate_JJ positionan_NN1 increased_VVD winning_VVG probabilitywith_NN1 the_AT cost_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 more_RGR moderate_JJ position_NN1 ,_, namely_REX that_CST the_AT policy_NN1 ,_, if_CS the_AT candidate_NN1 wins_NN2 ,_, is_VBZ farther_RRR away_II21 from_II22 the_AT leader_NN1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 preferred_JJ position_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT collection_NN1 of_IO excerpts_NN2 suggests_VVZ that_CST Marx_NP1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 Spinoza_NP1 ignores_VVZ the_AT issue_NN1 of_IO anthropogenesis_NN1 ,_, that_REX21 is_REX22 ,_, the_AT problem_NN1 concerning_II the_AT Bildung_NP1 of_IO humanity_NN1 and_CC its_APPGE evolution_NN1 from_II specific_JJ modes_NN2 of_IO existence_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Judges_NN2 may_VM act_VVI strategically_RR as_CSA individuals_NN2 ,_, or_CC seek_VV0 to_TO defend_VVI what_DDQ they_PPHS2 perceive_VV0 as_RG collective_JJ institutional_JJ interests_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT descriptive_JJ analysis_NN1 shows_VVZ that_CST the_AT factors_NN2 affecting_VVG elite_NN1 preference_NN1 for_IF either_RR a_AT1 pro-competitive_JJ or_CC a_AT1 socially_RR oriented_VVD EU_NP1 economy_NN1 are_VBR grounded_VVN in_II historical_JJ legacies_NN2 ,_, political_JJ ideologies_NN2 ,_, the_AT patterns_NN2 of_IO EU_NP1 socialisation_NN1 and_CC economic_JJ rationality_NN1 calculations_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Dramatic_JJ and_CC almost_RR immediate_JJ increase_NN1 of_IO export_NN1 from_II Belarus_NP1 to_II Russia_NP1 provides_VVZ indirect_JJ evidence_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Despite_II the_AT patronage_NN1 of_IO the_AT Russian_JJ government_NN1 ,_, the_AT Hermitage_NN1 is_VBZ not_XX entirely_RR dependent_JJ on_II state_NN1 funding_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
These_DD2 likely_JJ scenarios_NN2 have_VH0 put_VVN the_AT reliability_NN1 of_IO protest_NN1 claims_VVZ into_II question_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
I_PPIS1 argue_VV0 that_CST without_IW a_AT1 complex_JJ analysis_NN1 of_IO translation_NN1 and_CC its_APPGE ethico-political_JJ effects_NN2 ,_, the_AT revisitation_NN1 of_IO secularism_NN1 remains_VVZ insufficient_JJ ,_, leaving_VVG the_AT liberal_JJ politics_NN1 of_IO translation_NN1 exclusionary_NN1 and_CC that_DD1 of_IO their_APPGE critics_NN2 ineffective_JJ ._. 
</s>
<s>
Fiscal_JJ and_CC Treasury_NN1 policy_NN1 remains_VVZ a_AT1 domain_NN1 from_II which_DDQ active_JJ Communists_NN2 continue_VV0 to_TO be_VBI excluded_VVN ,_, and_CC budgetary_JJ restraint_NN1 continues_VVZ to_TO ensure_VVI that_CST a_AT1 "_" pragmatic_JJ "_" vein_NN1 predominates_VVZ in_II NDP_NP1 implementation_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
To_TO investigate_VVI these_DD2 research_NN1 questions_NN2 ,_, we_PPIS2 present_VV0 an_AT1 individual-level_JJ analysis_NN1 of_IO the_AT stability_NN1 of_IO voting_NN1 for_IF (_( populist_JJ )_) parties_NN2 in_II established_JJ democracies_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Each_DD1 coefficient_NN1 summarizes_VVZ the_AT marginal_JJ effect_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 shift_NN1 from_II the_AT provincial_JJ to_II the_AT municipal_JJ level_NN1 on_II the_AT probability_NN1 of_IO awareness_NN1 (_( i.e._REX the_AT probability_NN1 of_IO selecting_VVG something_PN1 other_II21 than_II22 "_" don_NN1 '_NULL t_ZZ1 know_VV0 "_" )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT author(s)_NN2 received_VVD no_AT financial_JJ support_NN1 for_IF the_AT research_NN1 ,_, authorship_NN1 ,_, and/or_CC publication_NN1 of_IO this_DD1 article_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Parties_NN2 holding_VVG a_AT1 larger_JJR number_NN1 of_IO foreign_JJ policyrelated_JJ portfolios_NN2 at_II the_AT time_NNT1 of_IO the_AT nego_NN1 tiations_NN2 have_VH0 more_DAR influence_NN1 on_II the_AT foreign_JJ policy_NN1 priorities_NN2 of_IO the_AT government_NN1 agreement_NN1 than_CSN other_JJ parties_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
For_IF these_DD2 reasons_NN2 ,_, independent_JJ parties_NN2 are_VBR commonly_RR regarded_VVN as_II an_AT1 extraordinary_JJ phenomenon_NN1 in_II local_JJ politics_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT United_NP1 States_NP1 also_RR maintains_VVZ strategic_JJ ambiguity_NN1 about_II the_AT conditions_NN2 under_II which_DDQ it_PPH1 would_VM defend_VVI Taiwan_NP1 to_TO simultaneously_RR deter_VVI Beijing_NP1 and_CC restrain_VV0 Taipei_NP1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT strategic_JJ importance_NN1 of_IO the_AT TPP_NP1 beyond_II the_AT potential_JJ direct_JJ economic_JJ gains_NN2 motivated_VVN the_AT Japanese_JJ government_NN1 ,_, historically_RR reluctant_JJ to_TO liberalize_VVI trade_NN1 ,_, to_TO take_VVI on_RP a_AT1 leadership_NN1 role_NN1 after_II US_NP1 withdrawal_NN1 in_II 2017_MC ._. 
</s>
<s>
It_PPH1 can_VM be_VBI argued_VVN that_CST Dunning_NP1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 predictions_NN2 regarding_II sector/_NN1 industry_NN1 investment_NN1 patterns_NN2 in_II31 relation_II32 to_II33 a_AT1 country_NN1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 IDP_NP1 may_VM not_XX always_RR find_VVI confirmation_NN1 in_II empirical_JJ studies_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Indebted_JJ to_II the_AT work_NN1 of_IO Edward_NP1 Bok_NP1 ,_, H._NP1 D._NP1 Lloyd_NP1 ,_, and_CC Jacob_NP1 Riis_NP1 in_II the_AT 1880s_MC2 and_CC 1890s_MC2 (_( Dilliard_NP1 1973_MC ;_; Jernigan_NP1 1976_MC )_) ,_, the_AT new_JJ investigative_JJ journalism_NN1 was_VBDZ notably_RR associated_VVN with_IW D._NP1 G._NP1 Phillips_NP1 (_( "_" The_AT Treason_NN1 of_IO the_AT Senate_NN1 ,_, "_" 1905_MC )_) and_CC Upton_NP1 Sinclair_NP1 (_( The_AT Jungle_NN1 ,_, 1906_MC )_) in_II31 addition_II32 to_II33 Baker_NP1 ,_, Steffens_NP1 ,_, and_CC Tarbell_NP1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT crisis_NN1 reinforced_VVD negative_JJ feel_NN1 ings_NN2 on_II each_DD1 side_NN1 towards_II the_AT other_JJ ._. 
</s>
<s>
However_RR ,_, the_AT difference_NN1 was_VBDZ not_XX statistically_RR significant_JJ ._. 
</s>
<s>
ACDA_NP1 preferred_VVD a_AT1 "_" Stop_NN1 Where_CS We_PPIS2 Are_VBR "_" total_JJ freeze_NN1 on_II all_DB strategic_JJ deployments_NN2 ,_, while_CS Defense_NN1 favored_VVD an_AT1 offensive_JJ forces_NN2 re_II duction_NN1 option_NN1 that_CST would_VM force_VVI the_AT Soviets_NN2 to_TO dismantle_VVI most_DAT of_IO their_APPGE large_JJ SS-9_MC ICBMs_NP1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT Liaison_NN1 Committee_NN1 has_VHZ been_VBN excluded_VVN because_CS it_PPH1 is_VBZ neither_RR a_AT1 departmental_JJ nor_CC cross-cutting_JJ committee_NN1 with_IW few_DA2 inquiries_NN2 and_CC evidence_NN1 sessions_NNT2 that_CST would_VM otherwise_RR skew_VVI the_AT overall_JJ findings_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
This_DD1 was_VBDZ a_AT1 case_NN1 of_IO short-term_JJ bureaucratic_JJ success_NN1 ,_, where_CS scientists_NN2 and_CC administration_NN1 officials_NN2 effectively_RR identified_VVN a_AT1 national_JJ security_NN1 problem_NN1 and_CC solved_VVN it_PPH1 through_II the_AT mechanism_NN1 of_IO the_AT NSC_NP1 within_II a_AT1 relatively_RR short_JJ pe_NN1 riod_NN1 of_IO time_NNT1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Citizens_NN2 '_NULL evaluations_NN2 of_IO the_AT performance_NN1 of_IO local_JJ government_NN1 councilors_NN2 may_VM be_VBI more_RGR positive_JJ as_II a_AT1 result_NN1 of_IO councilors_NN2 '_NULL increased_JJ influence_NN1 in_II the_AT governance_NN1 process_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
In_II the_AT German_JJ Ideology_NN1 ,_, they_PPHS2 suggested_VVD that_CST what_DDQ men_NN2 and_CC women_NN2 are_VBR '_NULL coincides_VVZ with_IW their_APPGE production_NN1 ,_, both_RR with_IW what_DDQ they_PPHS2 produce_VV0 and_CC with_IW how_RRQ they_PPHS2 produce_VV0 '_NULL ._. 
</s>
<s>
Subsidies_NN2 for_IF energy_NN1 costs_NN2 ,_, higher_JJR education_NN1 ,_, and_CC home_NN1 mortgages_NN2 constitute_VV0 important_JJ parts_NN2 of_IO social-assistance_JJ budgets_NN2 in_II Latin_JJ America_NP1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Model_VV0 1_MC1 in_II Table_NN1 2_MC includes_VVZ the_AT aggregate_JJ RAI_JJ measure_NN1 of_IO decentralization_NN1 alongside_II a_AT1 number_NN1 of_IO control_NN1 variables_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT graph_NN1 on_II the_AT right_JJ plots_NN2 the_AT marginal_JJ effect_NN1 of_IO this_DD1 relationshipit_NN1 shows_VVZ the_AT change_NN1 in_II the_AT estimated_JJ probability_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 fatal_JJ dispute_NN1 when_CS comparing_VVG a_AT1 pair_NN of_IO countries_NN2 where_RRQ the_AT weaker_JJR country_NN1 has_VHZ a_AT1 value_NN1 for_IF the_AT index_NN1 one_MC1 standard_JJ deviation_NN1 below_II the_AT mean_JJ and_CC one_MC1 standard_JJ deviation_NN1 above_RL ,_, respectively_RR ,_, as_CSA a_AT1 function_NN1 of_IO the_AT index_NN1 for_IF the_AT stronger_JJR country_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
That_DD1 kind_NN1 of_IO minimalist_NN1 tax_NN1 revenue_NN1 was_VBDZ both_RR a_AT1 basic_JJ motivation_NN1 for_IF ,_, and_CC a_AT1 reflection_NN1 of_IO ,_, minimalist_NN1 governance_NN1 ,_, the_AT two_MC forming_VVG a_AT1 mutually_RR dependent_JJ whole_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
I_PPIS1 trace_VV0 three_MC primary_JJ connections_NN2 between_II Zen_NP1 modernism_NN1 and_CC democratic_JJ theory_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Although_CS he_PPHS1 the_AT historian_NN1 put_VVN forward_RL the_AT paradoxical_JJ notion_NN1 of_IO "_" patrimonial_JJ bureaucracy_NN1 "_" for_IF conceptualizing_VVG China_NP1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 dualistic_JJ combination_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 patrimonial_JJ ruler_NN1 with_IW a_AT1 (_( modern_JJ )_) bureaucracy_NN1 ,_, he_PPHS1 the_AT theorist_NN1 still_RR settled_VVN in_II the_AT end_NN1 for_IF the_AT simplified_JJ juxtaposition_NN1 of_IO the_AT ideal-type_NN1 of_IO "_" patrimonialism_NN1 "_" against_II that_DD1 of_IO modern_JJ Western_JJ "_" bureaucracy_NN1 "_" to_TO juxtapose_VVI China_NP1 and_CC the_AT modern_JJ West_ND1 ,_, showing_VVG once_RR21 more_RR22 his_APPGE disposition_NN1 toward_II one-sidedness_NN1 with_II31 respect_II32 to_II33 dualities_NN2 as_II31 well_II32 as_II33 Western-centrism_NN1 (_( Huang_NP1 ,_, 1996_MC :_: chap_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT usual_JJ conventions_NN2 were_VBDR followed_VVN :_: I_PPIS1 considered_VVD hypotheses_NN2 that_CST advocacy_NN1 has_VHZ an_AT1 impact_NN1 as_CSA being_VBG supported_VVN by_II the_AT data_NN if_CS the_AT relevant_JJ coefficient_NN1 was_VBDZ described_VVN as_CSA significant_JJ at_II the_AT 0.05_MC level_JJ ._. 
</s>
<s>
In_II preparation_NN1 for_IF the_AT first_MD round_NN1 of_IO SALT_NN1 in_II Helsinki_NP1 ,_, the_AT Verification_NN1 Panel_NN1 produced_VVD an_AT1 "_" Evaluation_NN1 Report_NN1 "_" of_IO the_AT options_NN2 ,_, which_DDQ was_VBDZ discussed_VVN by_II the_AT NSC_NP1 on_II November_NPM1 10,1969_MC ._. 
</s>
<s>
Building_NN1 mostly_RR upon_II interdependencies_NN2 and_CC coercion_NN1 ,_, the_AT Kremlin_NP1 pressured_VVD Ukraine_NP1 to_TO choose_VVI a_AT1 foreign_JJ policy_NN1 strategy_NN1 that_CST would_VM accommodate_VVI Russia_NP1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 interests_NN2 ,_, whereas_CS the_AT EU_NP1 has_VHZ sought_VVN to_TO extend_VVI the_AT European_JJ security_NN1 community_NN1 through_II conditionality_NN1 and_CC capacity_NN1 building_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Empirical_JJ evidence_NN1 shows_VVZ that_CST US_NP1 senators_NN2 from_II more_RGR populated_JJ states_NN2 resort_NN1 more_RRR to_II indirect_JJ communications_NN2 with_IW their_APPGE constituents_NN2 and_CC the_AT latter_DA feel_VV0 more_RGR distant_JJ to_II their_APPGE representatives_NN2 (_( Oppenheimer_NP1 ,_, 1996_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
In_RR21 addition_RR22 ,_, the_AT government_NN1 is_VBZ investing_VVG in_II bringing_VVG a_AT1 number_NN1 of_IO next-generation_JJ icebreakers_NN2 on_II line_NN1 in_II the_AT shortest_JJT possible_JJ timeframe_NN1 ,_, adding_VVG to_II its_APPGE already_RR formidable_JJ fleet_NN1 of_IO 42_MC nuclear-_JJ or_CC diesel-powered_JJ icebreakers_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
These_DD2 events_NN2 led_VVN to_II the_AT quietening_VVG down_RP (_( again_RT possibly_RR only_RR temporarily_RR )_) of_IO party_NN1 divisions_NN2 ,_, and_CC the_AT PLP_NP1 have_VH0 been_VBN hard-pressed_JJ to_TO criticise_VVI Corbyn_NP1 or_CC his_APPGE supporters_NN2 –_- except_CS when_CS it_PPH1 comes_VVZ to_II the_AT potentially_RR explosive_JJ issue_NN1 of_IO antisemitism_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
By_II understanding_NN1 populism_NN1 as_II a_AT1 "_" thin_JJ "_" ideology_NN1 ,_, such_DA a_AT1 conceptual_JJ ization_NN1 allows_VVZ us_PPIO2 to_TO identify_VVI the_AT commonalities_NN2 of_IO populist_JJ movements_NN2 and_CC leaders_NN2 across_II the_AT political_JJ spectrum_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
As_II a_AT1 general_JJ trend_NN1 ,_, '_NULL hard_JJ steering_NN1 '_NULL (_( zhidao_NN1 )_) has_VHZ turned_VVN into_II '_NULL soft_JJ steering_NN1 '_NULL (_( yindao_NN1 )_) over_RG three_MC decades_NNT2 of_IO '_NULL reform_NN1 and_CC opening_VVG up_RP '_NULL ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT third_MD factor_NN1 is_VBZ related_VVN to_II the_AT external_JJ alliance_NN1 structure_NN1 and_CC trade_NN1 relations_NN2 of_IO the_AT host_NN1 country_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Petitions_NN2 fall_VV0 into_II this_DD1 type_NN1 of_IO initiative_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
How_RRQ do_VD0 MPs_NN2 from_II non-democratic_JJ regimes_NN2 act_VV0 in_II the_AT democratic_JJ IPA_NN1 realm_NN1 ?_? 
</s>
<s>
This_DD1 article_NN1 explores_VVZ the_AT overlooked_JJ role_NN1 of_IO museums_NN2 in_II the_AT international_JJ arena_NN1 as_CSA playing_VVG a_AT1 dual_JJ role_NN1 in_II cultural_JJ diplomacy_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Hence_RR ,_, the_AT media_NN exposure_NN1 is_VBZ evaluated_VVN by_II the_AT low_JJ ,_, moderate_JJ and_CC high_JJ dissemination_NN1 of_IO the_AT incidents_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Yet_RR ,_, political_JJ science_NN1 has_VHZ not_XX been_VBN able_JK to_TO fully_RR reveal_VVI its_APPGE nature_NN1 ,_, as_CSA scholars_NN2 have_VH0 offered_VVN opposing_JJ views_NN2 and_CC evidence_NN1 concerning_II its_APPGE stability_NN1 during_II an_AT1 individual_JJ '_NULL s_ZZ1 life_NN1 course_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT crisis_NN1 of_IO legitimacy_NN1 that_CST affected_VVD the_AT locally_RR hegemonic_JJ Social_JJ Democrats_NN2 allowed_VVD the_AT FP?_NN1 and_CC its_APPGE leader_NN1 to_TO offer_VVI themselves_PPX2 as_II a_AT1 credible_JJ alternative_NN1 just_RR when_CS the_AT desire_NN1 for_IF change_NN1 had_VHD massively_RR increased_VVN ._. 
</s>
<s>
Using_VVG data_NN from_II the_AT Bank_NN1 of_IO International_JJ Settlements_NN2 ,_, we_PPIS2 capture_VV0 the_AT size_NN1 of_IO core_NN1 European_JJ countries_NN2 '_NULL foreign_JJ claims_NN2 (_( on_II an_AT1 ultimate_JJ risk_NN1 basis_NN1 )_) in_II domestic_JJ banks_NN2 in_II Greece_NP1 ,_, Ireland_NP1 ,_, Italy_NP1 ,_, Portugal_NP1 ,_, and_CC Spain_NP1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
It_PPH1 argues_VVZ instead_RR that_DD1 military_JJ war_NN1 outcomes_NN2 produce_VV0 asymmetry_NN1 in_II the_AT attribution_NN1 of_IO blame_NN1 for_IF the_AT violencewhom_NN1 the_AT victimized_JJ populations_NN2 will_VM punish_VVI ,_, and_CC whyand_VVI that_CST therefore_RR ,_, perceptions_NN2 of_IO culpability_NN1 do_VD0 not_XX track_VVI with_IW the_AT intensity_NN1 of_IO the_AT crimes_NN2 committed_VVN ._. 
</s>
<s>
Thus_RR Hegel_NP1 is_VBZ here_RL indicating_VVG ,_, albeit_CS obscurely_RR ,_, that_CST he_PPHS1 assimilates_VVZ the_AT Urphdnomen_NN2 by_II31 means_II32 of_II33 the_AT three_MC moments_NN2 of_IO the_AT abstract_JJ concept_NN1 which_DDQ acts_VVZ as_II the_AT subject_NN1 and_CC starting_NN1 point_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 science_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
In_II this_DD1 paper_NN1 ,_, three_MC determinants_NN2 are_VBR examined_VVN in_II predicting_VVG turnout_NN1 :_: electoral_JJ timing_NN1 ,_, competitiveness_NN1 ,_, and_CC characteristics_NN2 of_IO the_AT electorate_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
In_RR21 addition_RR22 ,_, the_AT reviewed_JJ theories_NN2 of_IO relative_JJ deprivation_NN1 and_CC social_JJ exclusion_NN1 specify_VV0 different_JJ mechanisms_NN2 of_IO disadvantage_NN1 for_IF these_DD2 groups_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
By_II the_AT early_JJ 2000s_MC2 ,_, political_JJ elites_NN2 and_CC big_JJ businesses_NN2 had_VHD converged_VVN around_II the_AT '_NULL European_JJ choice_NN1 '_NULL (_( Wolczuk_NP1 2004_MC ,_, p._NN1 10_MC ;_; Kuzio_NP1 2005_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Since_CS the_AT leadership_NN1 wants_VVZ all_DB members_NN2 to_TO attend_VVI ,_, no_AT other_JJ House_NN1 or_CC party_NN1 events_NN2 are_VBR scheduled_VVN at_II those_DD2 times_NNT2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
India_NP1 has_VHZ produced_VVN only_RR one_MC1 official_JJ nuclear_JJ doctrine_NN1 ,_, and_CC chose_VVD to_TO publicly_RR issue_VVI merely_RR a_AT1 summary_NN1 of_IO it_PPH1 in_II 2003_MC ._. 
</s>
<s>
These_DD2 findings_NN2 support_VV0 Hypothesis_NN1 2_MC and_CC are_VBR consistent_JJ with_IW the_AT theory_NN1 formulated_VVN on_II differential_JJ costs_NN2 and_CC benefits_NN2 of_IO diverse_JJ coalitions_NN2 depending_II21 on_II22 advocacy_NN1 salience_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Rather_RR ,_, everything_PN1 that_CST exists_VVZ has_VHZ its_APPGE being_NN1 because_CS it_PPH1 participates_VVZ in_II God_NP1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 being_NN1 (_( 1998a_FO ,_, 11.28_MC ,_, 12.5_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Garvey_NN1 was_VBDZ born_VVN in_II 1887_MC in_II St._NP1 Ann_NP1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 Bay_NN1 ,_, Jamaica_NP1 ,_, to_II a_AT1 stonemason_NN1 and_CC a_AT1 domestic_JJ worker_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
As_II a_AT1 result_NN1 ,_, the_AT flanks_NN2 of_IO the_AT Horseshoe_NN1 Falls_NN2 had_VHD only_RR thin_JJ rivulets_NN2 going_VVG over_RP ,_, and_CC sometimes_RT they_PPHS2 went_VVD completely_RR dry_JJ ._. 
</s>
<s>
Earlier_RRR ,_, between_II 1400_MC and_CC 1700_MC ,_, territories_NN2 that_CST contained_VVD members_NN2 of_IO a_AT1 PCS_NN2 group_NN1 were_VBDR more_DAR than_CSN twice_RR as_CSA likely_JJ to_TO experience_VVI at_RR21 least_RR22 one_MC1 war_NN1 ,_, 29_MC percent_NNU versus_II 14_MC percent_NNU ._. 
</s>
<s>
What_DDQ resulted_VVD from_II this_DD1 political_JJ structure_NN1 was_VBDZ "_" incrementalism_NN1 "_" ,_, a_AT1 process_NN1 of_IO constant_JJ building_NN1 and_CC rebuilding_NN1 of_IO political_JJ coalitions_NN2 and_CC constant_JJ adjustment_NN1 and_CC readjustment_NN1 of_IO major_JJ public_JJ policies_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
While_CS these_DD2 authors_NN2 have_VH0 looked_VVN at_II the_AT multiple_JJ meanings_NN2 of_IO ujamaa_NN1 for_IF Tanzanians_NN2 ,_, others_NN2 have_VH0 sought_VVN to_TO understand_VVI why_RRQ international_JJ non_FU governmental_JJ organizations_NN2 (_( NGOs_NP2 )_) and_CC Western_JJ aid_NN1 officials_NN2 were_VBDR so_RG enam_JJ ored_JJ with_IW ujamaa_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Some_DD groups_NN2 may_VM opt_VVI for_IF confrontation_NN1 ,_, others_NN2 for_IF adaptation_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Politics_NN1 can_VM not_XX take_VVI on_RP the_AT character_NN1 of_IO philosophic_JJ life_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Thus_RR it_PPH1 may_VM seem_VVI that_CST the_AT ability_NN1 to_TO change_VVI orientation_NN1 is_VBZ valuable_JJ in_II a_AT1 very_RG limited_JJ way_NN1 contingently_RR ,_, and_CC based_VVN only_RR on_II contingencies_NN2 that_CST we_PPIS2 have_VH0 powerful_JJ reasons_NN2 to_TO regret_VVI and_CC want_VVI to_TO change_VVI ._. 
</s>
<s>
Wilson_NP1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 century_NNT1 old_JJ insights_NN2 about_II international_JJ institutions_NN2 and_CC a_AT1 rules-based_JJ order_NN1 will_VM remain_VVI crucial_JJ ,_, but_CCB America_NP1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 place_VV0 in_II that_DD1 world_NN1 may_VM be_VBI threatened_VVN more_RRR by_II the_AT rise_NN1 of_IO populist_JJ politics_NN1 at_II home_NN1 than_CSN the_AT rise_NN1 of_IO other_JJ powers_NN2 abroad_RL ._. 
</s>
<s>
This_DD1 article_NN1 is_VBZ based_VVN on_II a_AT1 case_NN1 study_NN1 approach_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
As_CSA mentioned_VVN earlier_RRR ,_, it_PPH1 seldom_RR occurs_VVZ in_II the_AT House_NN1 of_IO Commons_NP that_CST the_AT Parliamentary_JJ Commissioner_NN1 starts_VVZ an_AT1 investigation_NN1 when_CS an_AT1 MP_NN1 is_VBZ suspected_VVN of_IO having_VHG committed_VVN a_AT1 criminal_JJ offence_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
In_II contrast_NN1 ,_, campaigns_NN2 that_CST revolve_VV0 around_RP local_JJ politics_NN1 and_CC candidates_NN2 can_VM strengthen_VVI the_AT tie_NN1 between_II voters_NN2 and_CC representatives_NN2 and_CC increase_NN1 accountability_NN1 ,_, but_CCB they_PPHS2 can_VM also_RR foster_VVI particularism_NN1 and_CC elevate_VVI the_AT candidate_NN1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 personal_JJ appeal_NN1 above_II the_AT party_NN1 ,_, weakening_VVG partisan_JJ identities_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
For_IF prec_NN1 edent_NN1 ,_, he_PPHS1 could_VM turn_VVI to_II the_AT experience_NN1 of_IO his_APPGE predecessor_NN1 ,_, who_PNQS ,_, ten_MC years_NNT2 earlier_RRR ,_, had_VHD traveled_VVN to_II Cairo_NP1 to_TO negotiate_VVI the_AT terms_NN2 of_IO UNEF_NP1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 initial_JJ deployment_NN1 on_II Egyptian_JJ territory_NN1 and_CC had_VHD succeeded_VVN in_II securing_VVG Egyptian_JJ consent_NN1 to_TO UNEF_VVI '_NULL s_ZZ1 presence_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
That_DD1 Aristotle_NP1 names_VVZ phronesis_NN1 as_CSA one_MC1 of_IO the_AT virtues_NN2 brought_VVN together_RL in_II this_DD1 man_NN1 has_VHZ particularly_RR important_JJ implications_NN2 :_: in_II Book_NN1 Three_MC Chapter_NN1 Four_MC of_IO the_AT Politics_NN1 he_PPHS1 argues_VVZ that_DD1 phronesis_NN1 is_VBZ the_AT only_JJ virtue_NN1 unique_JJ to_II a_AT1 ruler_NN1 ;_; it_PPH1 is_VBZ a_AT1 virtue_NN1 both_RR developed_VVN and_CC exercised_VVN when_CS ruling_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Analysts_NN2 and_CC US_NP1 defense_NN1 officials_NN2 agree_VV0 that_CST all_DB sides_NN2 would_VM benefit_VVI from_II "_" completing_VVG the_AT triangle_NN1 ._. "_" 
</s>
<s>
Sixty_MC percent_NNU of_IO fishermen_NN2 designated_JJ fishing_NN1 grounds_NN2 for_IF herring_NN ,_, turbot_NN and_CC salmonid_NN1 (_( salmon_NN or_CC trout_NN )_) gillnets_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
In_RR21 addition_RR22 ,_, the_AT implementation_NN1 of_IO our_APPGE multivariate_JJ analysis_NN1 as_II a_AT1 count_NN1 model_NN1 implies_VVZ that_DD1 legitimation_NN1 intensity_NN1 determines_VVZ the_AT maximum_JJ number_NN1 of_IO democratic_JJ legitimation_NN1 counts_VVZ we_PPIS2 could_VM theoretically_RR obtain_VVI per_II organization-year_NNT1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Overall_RR ,_, we_PPIS2 can_VM conclude_VVI from_II these_DD2 models_NN2 that_CST countries_NN2 with_IW larger_JJR market_NN1 size_NN1 are_VBR more_RGR likely_JJ to_TO initiate_VVI a_AT1 dispute_NN1 against_II the_AT US_NP1 at_II the_AT WTO_NN1 and_CC they_PPHS2 are_VBR more_RGR likely_JJ to_TO do_VDI so_RR if_CS they_PPHS2 have_VH0 a_AT1 high_JJ level_NN1 of_IO legal_JJ capacity_NN1 measured_VVN by_II GDP_NN1 pc_NNU ._. 
</s>
<s>
Next_MD ,_, we_PPIS2 consider_VV0 how_RGQ majority-party_JJ status_NN1 influences_VVZ the_AT propensity_NN1 to_TO engage_VVI in_II judicial_JJ sanction_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
GE_NP1 mos_NN2 quitoes_NN2 with_IW a_AT1 (_( CRISPR-based_NN1 )_) population_NN1 suppression_NN1 gene_NN1 drive_NN1 are_VBR under_II development_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Speaking_VVG on_II31 behalf_II32 of_II33 one_MC1 ofthe_NN1 coalition_NN1 partners_NN2 ,_, the_AT Moderates_NN2 '_NULL Ivar_VV0 Tallo_NP1 said_VVD that_DD1 responsibility_NN1 for_IF economic_JJ policy_NN1 decisions_NN2 of_IO such_DA importance_NN1 should_VM not_XX fall_VVI on_II the_AT people_NN who_PNQS were_VBDR victims_NN2 of_IO political_JJ manipulations_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Importantly_RR ,_, the_AT institutional_JJ context_NN1 of_IO the_AT society_NN1 must_VM be_VBI able_JK to_TO sustain_VVI these_DD2 beliefs_NN2 (_( Tabellini_NP1 2008_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
In_II the_AT dimension_NN1 of_IO direction_NN1 ,_, the_AT '_NULL anti-imperialist_JJ narrative_NN1 '_NULL is_VBZ utilized_VVN by_II Chinese_JJ netizens_NN2 in_II opposition_NN1 to_II each_DD1 element_NN1 of_IO the_AT global_JJ securitization_NN1 discourse_NN1 ;_; namely_REX ,_, the_AT securitizing_JJ actor_NN1 ,_, the_AT securitizing_JJ speech_NN1 act_NN1 ,_, and_CC the_AT referent_JJ object_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT continuation_NN1 of_IO extensive_JJ over_II seas_NN2 deployments_NN2 of_IO military_JJ personnel_NN2 fuels_NN2 an_AT1 intense_JJ debate_NN1 regarding_VVG whether_CSW31 or_CSW32 not_CSW33 to_TO withdraw_VVI deployed_JJ troops_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
First_MD ,_, it_PPH1 points_VVZ to_II the_AT importance_NN1 of_IO further_RRR investigating_VVG the_AT complex_JJ linkages_NN2 that_CST connect_VV0 different_JJ modes_NN2 of_IO transnational_JJ knowledge_NN1 production_NN1 with_IW efforts_NN2 to_TO challenge_VVI or_CC maintain_VVI dominant_JJ paradigms_NN2 across_II various_JJ types_NN2 of_IO global_JJ governance_NN1 actors_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT ideal_JJ theory_NN1 of_IO constitutional_JJ civil_JJ disobedience_NN1 constructed_VVN during_II these_DD2 years_NNT2 has_VHZ become_VVN virtuously_RR synonymous_JJ with_IW King_NN1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 '_NULL Letter_NN1 from_II a_AT1 Birmingham_NP1 Jail_NN1 '_NULL ._. 
</s>
<s>
If_CS we_PPIS2 increase_VV0 the_AT value_NN1 of_IO the_AT number_NN1 of_IO candidates_NN2 variable_NN1 from_II one_MC1 standard_JJ deviation_NN1 below_RL to_II one_MC1 standard_JJ deviation_NN1 above_II its_APPGE mean_JJ in_II each_DD1 model_NN1 ,_, the_AT probability_NN1 of_IO election_NN1 decreases_VVZ by_II 1.5_MC ,_, 0.9_MC ,_, 0.9_MC ,_, and_CC 0.7_MC percent_NNU in_II the_AT second_NNT1 ,_, third_MD ,_, fourth_MD ,_, and_CC seventh_MD Convocation_NN1 elections_NN2 ,_, respectively_RR ._. 
</s>
<s>
Performance_NN1 Index_NN1 and_CC Good_JJ Performance_NN1 variables_NN2 in_II the_AT Promotion_NN1 and_CC Similar_JJ Job_NN1 equations_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Aldermen_NN2 ,_, even_RR from_II large_JJ cities_NN2 ,_, are_VBR as_RG active_JJ as_CSA single_JJ officers_NN2 in_II the_AT national_JJ assembly_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
In_II Volume_NN1 I_MC1 of_IO Capital_NN1 ,_, Marx_NP1 analyzed_VVD in_II great_JJ detail_NN1 the_AT formation_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 labor_NN1 supply_NN1 in_II England_NP1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
This_DD1 is_VBZ surprising_JJ given_CS21 that_CS22 both_RR MPAs_NP2 and_CC fisheries_NN2 closures_NN2 cover_VV0 significant_JJ and_CC almost_RR equal_JJ fractions_NN2 of_IO the_AT global_JJ ocean_NN1 ,_, and_CC both_DB2 can_VM target_VVI –_- at_RR21 least_RR22 in_RR21 part_RR22 –_- the_AT spatial_JJ protection_NN1 of_IO highly_RR migratory_JJ species_NN ._. 
</s>
<s>
Malaysia_NP1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 elections_NN2 have_VH0 also_RR been_VBN much_DA1 more_DAR competitive_JJ than_CSN Singapore_NP1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
This_DD1 mixed-method_JJ study_NN1 draws_VVZ on_II qualitative_JJ data_NN collected_VVN during_II 2007-2008_MCMC and_CC information_NN1 from_II the_AT third_MD (_( 1995-1998_MCMC )_) ,_, fifth_MD (_( 2005-2009_MCMC )_) and_CC sixth_MD (_( 2012-2014_MCMC )_) waves_NN2 of_IO the_AT WVS_NP1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
As_II a_AT1 boy_NN1 ,_, Baker_NP1 earned_VVD a_AT1 silver_JJ dollar_NNU1 for_IF reading_VVG his_APPGE father_NN1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 copy_NN1 of_IO The_AT Pilgrim_NN1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 Progress_NN1 from_II cover_NN1 to_II cover_NN1 (_( Bannister_NN1 1966_MC ,_, 12_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
It_PPH1 was_VBDZ only_RR after_II six_MC months_NNT2 that_CST a_AT1 coalition_NN1 between_II the_AT CDU/CSU_NP1 and_CC SPD_NP1 was_VBDZ agreed_VVN upon_II –_- far_RR surpassing_VVG the_AT previous_JJ record_NN1 for_IF time_NNT1 taken_VVN to_TO form_VVI a_AT1 government_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT results_NN2 of_IO our_APPGE estimation_NN1 are_VBR presented_VVN in_II Table_NN1 3_MC ._. 
</s>
<s>
It_PPH1 is_VBZ not_XX the_AT case_NN1 ,_, hence_RR ,_, that_CST the_AT constituent_NN1 power_NN1 of_IO the_AT councils_NN2 is_VBZ completely_RR formless_JJ and_CC neither_RR that_CST it_PPH1 is_VBZ completely_RR hostile_JJ to_II institutionalization_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT topics_NN2 we_PPIS2 deal_VV0 with_IW on_II a_AT1 daily_JJ basis_NN1 range_NN1 from_II cybersecurity_NN1 and_CC dis_DD1 information_NN1 ,_, combating_VVG terrorism_NN1 online_RR and_CC exploring_VVG the_AT effects_NN2 of_IO deep_JJ fakes_NN2 ,_, to_II digital_JJ taxation_NN1 ,_, protecting_VVG privacy_NN1 online_RR ,_, responsible_JJ artificial_JJ intel_NN1 ligence_NN1 and_CC data_NN ethics_NN ._. 
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<s>
During_II the_AT tussle_NN1 ,_, Taylor_NP1 concedes_VVZ that_CST Bruce_NP1 is_VBZ not_XX in_II fact_NN1 an_AT1 '_NULL eliminationalist_NN1 '_NULL (_( of_IO religion_NN1 )_) at_RR21 all_RR22 ;_; rather_RR Bruce_NP1 is_VBZ a_AT1 secularizationist_NN1 ,_, just_RR as_CSA Taylor_NP1 himself_PPX1 has_VHZ to_TO be_VBI some_DD kind_NN1 of_IO secularizationist_NN1 ,_, otherwise_RR his_APPGE own_DA storyline_NN1 makes_VVZ no_AT sense_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Compare_VV0 this_DD1 to_II the_AT executive_NN1 agreement_NN1 ,_, for_IF which_DDQ the_AT implementing_VVG legislation_NN1 can_VM and_CC often_RR is_VBZ adopted_VVN in_II the_AT same_DA step_NN1 as_CSA the_AT ratification_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
One-meter_JJ satellite_NN1 imagery_NN1 could_VM detect_VVI the_AT presence_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 missile_NN1 (_( TEL_NN1 )_) vehicle_NN1 at_II a_AT1 known_JJ location_NN1 ,_, while_CS 0.25-meter_JJ imagery_NN1 could_VM distinguish_VVI whether_CSW a_AT1 Pakistani_JJ fighter_NN1 was_VBDZ an_AT1 F-16_NN1 (_( presumed_VVN to_TO have_VHI a_AT1 nuclear_JJ delivery_NN1 role_NN1 )_) or_CC an_AT1 F-7_FO (_( presumed_VVN not_XX to_TO have_VHI such_DA a_AT1 role_NN1 )_) ._. 
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<s>
Similarly_RR ,_, Buttice_NP1 and_CC Stone_NN1 (_( 2012_MC )_) find_VV0 that_CST the_AT impact_NN1 of_IO policy_NN1 differences_NN2 on_II vote_NN1 choice_NN1 increases_VVZ as_CSA House_NN1 candidates_NN2 stake_VV0 out_RP more_RRR ideologically_RR divergent_JJ positions_NN2 ,_, while_CS the_AT effect_NN1 of_IO evaluations_NN2 of_IO "_" candidate_NN1 quality_NN1 "_" (_( defined_VVN as_CSA characteristics_NN2 such_II21 as_II22 competence_NN1 ,_, integrity_NN1 ,_, and_CC fitness_NN1 for_IF office_NN1 )_) decreases_VVZ ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT cachet_NN1 of_IO the_AT Politburo_NN1 gives_VVZ the_AT regulation_NN1 a_AT1 higher_JJR level_NN1 of_IO authority_NN1 and_CC compelling_JJ power_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
External_JJ mediation_NN1 functions_NN2 more_RRR like_II a_AT1 standard_NN1 of_IO reference_NN1 to_II which_DDQ subjects_NN2 adhere_VV0 ,_, or_CC a_AT1 social_JJ convention_NN1 to_II which_DDQ they_PPHS2 conform_VV0 ,_, than_CSN it_PPH1 does_VDZ a_AT1 model_NN1 for_IF reconstructing_VVG the_AT self_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
An_AT1 individual_NN1 may_VM ,_, for_REX21 example_REX22 ,_, be_VBI able_JK to_TO determine_VVI usefully_RR and_CC meaningfully_RR whether_CSW there_EX is_VBZ food_NN1 in_II the_AT cat_NN1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 bowl_NN1 or_CC if_CS current_JJ weather_NN1 conditions_NN2 invite_VV0 the_AT wearing_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 warm_JJ sweater_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Even_CS21 if_CS22 such_DA countries_NN2 could_VM not_XX raise_VVI overall_JJ productivity_NN1 by_II distributing_VVG the_AT resources_NN2 to_II other_JJ areas_NN2 and_CC could_VM not_XX escape_VVI the_AT sunk_JJ costs_NN2 in_II a_AT1 meaningful_JJ way_NN1 ,_, they_PPHS2 would_VM defi_NN2 nitely_RR avoid_VVI significant_JJ yearly_JJ maintenance_NN1 costs_VVZ by_II leaving_VVG a_AT1 national_JJ repository_NN1 behind_RL ._. 
</s>
<s>
This_DD1 is_VBZ evident_JJ from_II his_PPGE confessed_VVD vacillation_NN1 when_CS called_VVN upon_II to_TO defend_VVI the_AT Revolution_NN1 ,_, along_II the_AT lines_NN2 of_IO "_" when_RRQ I_PPIS1 am_VBM asked_VVN why_RRQ it_PPH1 still_RR matters_NN2 ,_, what_DDQ comes_VVZ to_II me_PPIO1 first_MD is_VBZ hesitation_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
This_DD1 suggests_VVZ that_CST transnational_JJ shocks_NN2 and_CC ethnic_JJ ties_NN2 primarily_RR relate_VV0 to_II militarization_NN1 when_RRQ incompatibilities_NN2 already_RR exist_VV0 ._. 
</s>
<s>
In_II column_NN1 (_( 2_MC )_) ,_, the_AT results_NN2 support_VV0 the_AT majoritarian_JJ hypothesis_NN1 when_CS it_PPH1 comes_VVZ to_II the_AT impact_NN1 of_IO away_RL δ_FO median_JJ citizen_NN1 :_: away_RL δ_FO median_JJ citizen_NN1 ×_II MAJ_NNB has_VHZ a_AT1 negative_JJ impact_NN1 (_( 0.49_MC )_) on_II δ_FO social_JJ spending_NN1 which_DDQ is_VBZ statistically_RR significant_JJ at_II the_AT 0.01_MC level_JJ while_CS the_AT impact_NN1 of_IO away_RL δ_FO median_JJ citizen_NN1 ×_II PR_NP1 is_VBZ close_JJ to_II zero_MC and_CC not_XX statistically_RR significant_JJ (_( 0.04_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Lastly_RR ,_, accounting_VVG for_IF the_AT timing_NN1 of_IO discrimination_NN1 and_CC employing_JJ other_JJ methodological_JJ approaches_NN2 could_VM shed_VVI further_JJR light_NN1 on_II the_AT complex_JJ relationship_NN1 between_II discrimination_NN1 and_CC behavior_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
For_IF its_APPGE part_NN1 ,_, RT_NP1 rejects_VVZ these_DD2 claims_NN2 and_CC insists_VVZ that_CST its_APPGE legitimate_JJ purpose_NN1 is_VBZ to_TO offer_VVI a_AT1 competing_JJ nar_JJ rative_JJ :_: '_NULL question_VV0 the_AT long-held_JJ ,_, often_RR unfounded_JJ ,_, assumptions_NN2 and_CC cliches_NN2 that_CST often_RR underline_VV0 the_AT reporting_NN1 of_IO news_NN1 ..._... and_CC to_TO acquaint_VVI international_JJ audi_JJ ences_NN2 with_IW a_AT1 Russian_JJ perspective_NN1 on_II major_JJ global_JJ events_NN2 '_NULL ._. 
</s>
<s>
Second_MD ,_, we_PPIS2 find_VV0 that_CST whether_CSW an_AT1 actor_NN1 with_IW such_DA access_NN1 chooses_VVZ behavioural_JJ rather_II21 than_II22 discursive_JJ contestation_NN1 depends_VVZ on_II the_AT type_NN1 of_IO norm_NN1 at_II issue_NN1 ,_, namely_REX on_II the_AT degree_NN1 of_IO acceptance_NN1 and_CC ambiguity_NN1 of_IO the_AT norm_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
They_PPHS2 would_VM have_VHI to_TO pass_VVI through_II the_AT U.S._NP1 Senate_NN1 ,_, where_CS suspicion_NN1 of_IO Russian_NN1 is_VBZ one_MC1 of_IO the_AT few_DA2 issues_NN2 with_IW bipartisan_JJ consensus_NN1 ,_, and_CC they_PPHS2 would_VM also_RR threaten_VVI long-standing_JJ policies_NN2 such_II21 as_II22 support_NN1 for_IF the_AT inviolability_NN1 of_IO NATO_NP1 and_CC missile_NN1 defense_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
For_IF Pericles_NP1 ,_, the_AT delusive_JJ power_NN1 of_IO good_JJ luck_NN1 cuts_VVZ in_II two_MC directions_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Indeed_RR ,_, the_AT uneven_JJ playing_JJ field_NN1 remained_VVD a_AT1 constant_JJ in_II Russia_NP1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 elections_NN2 after_II 2012_MC ,_, representing_VVG the_AT most_RGT obvious_JJ failure_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 movement_NN1 whose_DDQGE main_JJ goal_NN1 was_VBDZ "_" For_IF Fair_JJ Elections_NN2 ._. "_" 
</s>
<s>
It_PPH1 is_VBZ the_AT second_MD most_RGT negative_JJ eigenvector_NN1 ,_, shown_VVN on_II the_AT horizontal_JJ axis_NN1 ,_, that_RG best_RRT correlates_VVZ with_IW Average_JJ ideology_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
South_ND1 Korea_NP1 ,_, while_CS stopping_VVG short_JJ of_IO an_AT1 official_JJ complaint_NN1 ,_, asked_VVD the_AT WTO_NN1 to_TO look_VVI into_II whether_CSW China_NP1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 behaviour_NN1 was_VBDZ in_II compliance_NN1 with_IW WTO_NP1 law_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Table_NN1 1_MC1 shows_VVZ a_AT1 considerable_JJ increase_NN1 since_II 2016_MC in_II events_NN2 and_CC activities_NN2 aiming_VVG to_TO consult_VVI public_JJ to_TO inform_VVI committees_NN2 '_NULL inquiries_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT same_DA has_VHZ been_VBN argued_VVN of_IO the_AT US_NP1 under_II the_AT administration_NN1 of_IO George_NP1 W._NP1 Bush_NP1 (_( see_VV0 Xiang_NN1 2001_MC ;_; Hurd_NP1 2007_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
It_PPH1 is_VBZ therefore_RR essential_JJ to_TO satisfy_VVI oneself_PNX1 that_CST this_DD1 is_VBZ not_XX the_AT case_NN1 by_II reporting_VVG test_NN1 statistics_NN of_IO the_AT validity_NN1 of_IO the_AT instrumental_JJ variables_NN2 (_( that_REX21 is_REX22 ,_, tests_NN2 of_IO lack_NN1 of_IO serial_JJ correlation_NN1 )_) together_RL with_IW the_AT parameter_NN1 estimates_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Since_CS China_NP1 does_VDZ not_XX have_VHI competitive_JJ elections_NN2 ,_, researchers_NN2 have_VH0 long_RR considered_VVN the_AT deputies_NN2 of_IO China_NP1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 people_NN '_NULL s_ZZ1 congresses_NN2 as_CSA agents_NN2 of_IO the_AT state_NN1 instead_II21 of_II22 citizen_NN1 representatives_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
While_CS moderation_NN1 is_VBZ not_XX tantamount_JJ to_II democratization_NN1 ,_, as_CS31 far_CS32 as_CS33 the_AT PYD/YPG_NN1 is_VBZ concerned_JJ ,_, the_AT reverse_NN1 is_VBZ also_RR true_JJ :_: democratization_NN1 has_VHZ not_XX equated_VVN to_II moderation_NN1 ,_, meaning_VVG the_AT abandonment_NN1 of_IO the_AT use_NN1 of_IO insurgent_JJ violence_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Indeed_RR ,_, as_CSA Nystuen_NP1 and_CC colleagues_NN2 have_VH0 shown_VVN ,_, participation_NN1 in_II the_AT preparatory_JJ meetings_NN2 for_IF the_AT five-yearly_JJ NPT_NP1 Review_NN1 Conference_NN1 has_VHZ actually_RR increased_VVN since_CS the_AT emergence_NN1 of_IO the_AT TPNW_NP1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
There_EX is_VBZ a_AT1 great_JJ complexity_NN1 in_II a_AT1 range_NN1 of_IO '_NULL characters_NN2 '_NULL ,_, in_II Shakespeare_NP1 ,_, for_REX21 example_REX22 ._. 
</s>
<s>
This_DD1 is_VBZ because_CS the_AT individual_NN1 could_VM not_XX emerge_VVI bereft_JJ of_IO any_DD other_JJ historically_RR and_CC socially_RR constituted_JJ characteristics_NN2 that_CST might_VM differentiate_VVI between_II varying_JJ levels_NN2 of_IO more_RGR or_CC less_RGR essentialised_JJ individual_NN1 and_CC communal_JJ subjectivities_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
While_CS there_EX is_VBZ no_AT world_NN1 government_NN1 ,_, there_EX are_VBR multiple_JJ actors_NN2 through_II which_DDQ governance_NN1 can_VM be_VBI globalized_VVN when_CS public_JJ and_CC private_JJ actors_NN2 combine_VV0 their_APPGE efforts_NN2 or_CC when_CS private_JJ actors_NN2 take_VV0 independent_JJ action_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Likewise_RR ,_, citizens_NN2 '_NULL perceptions_NN2 of_IO the_AT government_NN1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 efforts_NN2 to_TO combat_VVI insecurity_NN1 also_RR seem_VV0 to_II more_RGR strongly_RR correlate_VV0 with_IW presidential_JJ vote_NN1 choice_NN1 in_II multiparty_JJ provinces_NN2 than_CSN in_II dominant-party_JJ systems_NN2 (_( Models_NN2 2_MC and_CC 4_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT treaty_NN1 had_VHD meanwhile_RR become_VV0 ensnared_VVN in_II U.S._NP1 domestic_JJ politics_NN1 and_CC in_II the_AT conflicts_NN2 between_II the_AT regions_NN2 and_CC interest_NN1 groups_NN2 that_CST had_VHD long_RR plagued_VVN the_AT project_NN1 in_II the_AT United_NP1 States_NP1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT following_JJ analysis_NN1 seeks_VVZ to_TO unsettle_VVI assumptions_NN2 about_II these_DD2 types_NN2 of_IO actors_NN2 ,_, their_APPGE emergent_JJ politics_NN1 ,_, and_CC their_APPGE position_NN1 within_II global_JJ governance_NN1 relations_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT box-plot_NN1 graph_NN1 in_II Figure_NN1 2_MC shows_VVZ the_AT distribution_NN1 of_IO correlations_NN2 for_IF each_DD1 election_NN1 year_NNT1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
During_II the_AT spring_NN1 of_IO 2017_MC (_( before_CS in-depth_JJ interviews_NN2 were_VBDR conducted_VVN to_TO ensure_VVI the_AT anonymity_NN1 of_IO the_AT researchers_NN2 )_) ,_, six_MC public_JJ meetings_NN2 were_VBDR visited_VVN ._. 
</s>
<s>
Finally_RR ,_, for_IF our_APPGE dependent_JJ variablethe_NN1 US_NP1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 (_( i.e._REX ,_, E_ZZ1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 )_) reaction_NN1 to_II each_DD1 violationwe_JJ code_NN1 whether_CSW the_AT US_NP1 chose_VVD to_TO publicize_VVI or_CC conceal_VVI its_APPGE private_JJ assessments_NN2 of_IO each_DD1 state_NN1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 nuclear_JJ activities_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Notwithstanding_II their_APPGE differences_NN2 ,_, these_DD2 authors_NN2 as_II a_AT1 group_NN1 rarely_RR consider_VV0 existing_JJ communicative_JJ challenges_NN2 such_II21 as_II22 those_DD2 that_CST emanate_VV0 from_II accent_NN1 bias_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Its_APPGE price_NN1 is_VBZ called_VVN "_" wage_NN1 ,_, "_" or_CC "_" salary_NN1 ,_, "_" depending_II21 on_II22 the_AT nature_NN1 of_IO the_AT occupation_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT subsequent_JJ '_NULL two-pack_NN1 '_NULL then_RT gave_VVD the_AT Commission_NN1 broader_JJR oversight_NN1 of_IO member_NN1 states_VVZ '_NULL national_JJ budgets_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
By_II implication_NN1 ,_, when_CS states_NN2 delegate_VV0 competencies_NN2 to_II international_JJ bureaucracies_NN2 ,_, courts_NN2 ,_, or_CC parliaments_NN2 and_CC when_CS they_PPHS2 pool_VV0 decision-making_JJ authority_NN1 in_II IOs_NN2 ,_, we_PPIS2 can_VM expect_VVI that_CST the_AT legitimacy_NN1 standards_NN2 that_CST count_VV0 at_II the_AT domestic_JJ level_NN1 also_RR count_VV0 internationally_RR ._. 
</s>
<s>
During_II the_AT past_JJ two_MC decades_NNT2 ,_, major_JJ African_JJ countries_NN2 were_VBDR rebuffed_VVN when_CS they_PPHS2 tried_VVD to_TO strengthen_VVI their_APPGE position_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
While_CS elements_NN2 of_IO the_AT relevant_JJ literature_NN1 provide_VV0 valuable_JJ insight_NN1 ,_, this_DD1 article_NN1 argues_VVZ that_CST the_AT concepts_NN2 of_IO revisionism_NN1 and_CC the_AT status_NN121 quo_NN122 within_II mainstream_JJ International_JJ Relations_NN2 (_( IR_NN1 )_) have_VH0 always_RR constituted_VVN deeply_RR rooted_VVN ,_, autobiographical_JJ narratives_NN2 of_IO a_AT1 traditionally_RR Western-dominated_JJ discipline_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Previous_JJ studies_NN2 that_CST estimate_VV0 the_AT effects_NN2 of_IO the_AT knowledge_NN1 economy_NN1 on_II income_NN1 inequality_NN1 also_RR construct_VV0 measures_NN2 of_IO knowledge_NN1 employment_NN1 from_II sectoral_JJ data_NN ._. 
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<s>
As_CSA Alan_NP1 Sykes_NP1 writes_VVZ ,_, "_" A_ZZ1 credible_JJ promise_NN1 of_IO monetary_JJ compensation_NN1 to_II investors_NN2 ,_, by_II contrast_NN1 ,_, in_II an_AT1 amount_NN1 set_VVN by_II neutral_JJ arbitrators_NN2 ,_, goes_VVZ much_RR further_RRR to_TO reduce_VVI investment_NN1 risk_NN1 and_CC to_TO achieve_VVI the_AT developing_JJ countries_NN2 '_NULL goal_NN1 of_IO lowering_VVG the_AT foreign_JJ cost_NN1 of_IO capital_NN1 ._. "_" 
</s>
<s>
Using_VVG a_AT1 technique_NN1 common_JJ to_II the_AT literature_NN1 ,_, we_PPIS2 measure_VV0 the_AT average_JJ volatility_NN1 of_IO net_JJ portfolio_NN1 outflows_NN2 from_II a_AT1 given_JJ country_NN1 between_II 1990_MC and_CC 201_MC ._. 
</s>
<s>
There_EX are_VBR three_MC variants_NN2 of_IO the_AT simulation_NN1 (_( see_VV0 Network_NN1 Simulation_NN1 Appendix_NN1 in_II the_AT Supplemental_JJ Material_NN1 )_) :_: (_( 1_MC1 )_) a_AT1 null_JJ simulation_NN1 in_II which_DDQ ,_, as_CSA described_VVN above_RL ,_, only_RR the_AT node_NN1 degrees_NN2 affect_VV0 tie_NN1 formation_NN1 ,_, not_XX the_AT node_NN1 variables_NN2 ,_, (_( 2_MC )_) a_AT1 homophily_RR simulation_NN1 in_II which_DDQ the_AT probability_NN1 of_IO tie_NN1 formation_NN1 between_II two_MC nodes_NN2 decreases_VVZ as_II the_AT distance_NN1 between_II their_APPGE variable_NN1 (_( ideology_NN1 or_CC power_NN1 )_) values_NN2 gets_VVZ larger_JJR ,_, and_CC (_( 3_MC )_) a_AT1 heterophily_RR simulation_NN1 in_II which_DDQ the_AT probability_NN1 of_IO tie_NN1 formation_NN1 increases_VVZ with_IW increasing_JJ distance_NN1 between_II them_PPHO2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
In_II locating_VVG possible_JJ tensions_NN2 ,_, we_PPIS2 also_RR need_VV0 to_TO be_VBI aware_JJ of_IO there_EX being_VBG different_JJ perspectives_NN2 on_II what_DDQ goes_VVZ on_RP in_II the_AT domain_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Sometimes_RT outsiders_NN2 are_VBR able_JK to_TO develop_VVI a_AT1 detailed_JJ account_NN1 of_IO activities_NN2 without_IW cooperation_NN1 from_II the_AT organization_NN1 itself_PPX1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Interestingly_RR ,_, official_JJ policies_NN2 in_II East_NP1 European_JJ countries_NN2 usually_RR claim_VV0 to_TO allow_VVI only_RR one_MC1 administrative_JJ head_NN1 under_II the_AT minister_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Since_CS Helsinki_NP1 provided_VVD little_RR new_JJ information_NN1 ,_, Kissinger_NP1 ordered_VVD the_AT Verification_NN1 Panel_NN1 to_TO prepare_VVI a_AT1 new_JJ round_NN1 of_IO technical_JJ studies_NN2 known_VVN as_II the_AT Y-Papers_NN2 ,_, includ_VV0 ing_VVG :_: whether_CSW to_TO ban_VVI land-mobile_JJ ICBMs_NN2 ;_; whether_CSW to_TO limit_VVI bombers_NN2 and_CC air_NN1 defenses_NN2 ;_; whether_CSW to_TO ban_VVI submarine-launched_JJ cruise_NN1 missiles_NN2 ;_; and_CC what_DDQ sorts_NN2 of_IO verification_NN1 issues_NN2 might_VM arise_VVI during_II negotiations_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Despite_II being_VBG a_AT1 particular_JJ ,_, the_AT Urphdnomen_NP1 is_VBZ the_AT viscerally_RR appre-hended_VVN principle_NN1 that_CST allows_VVZ us_PPIO2 to_TO conceptualize_VVI a_AT1 complex_JJ whole_NN1 as_II a_AT1 Gestaltnot_NN1 as_II an_AT1 empty_JJ symbol_NN1 ,_, nor_CC as_II the_AT product_NN1 of_IO an_AT1 external_JJ metaphysical_JJ cause_NN1 ,_, nor_CC an_AT1 arbitrary_JJ common_JJ attribute_NN1 externally_RR uniting_VVG a_AT1 collection_NN1 of_IO objects_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
In_II the_AT short_JJ and_CC medium_JJ term_NN1 ,_, the_AT US–Japan_NN1 alliance_NN1 is_VBZ essential_JJ not_XX only_RR for_IF security_NN1 assurances_NN2 ,_, but_II21 for_II22 enabling_VVG Japan_NP1 to_TO continue_VVI to_TO develop_VVI its_APPGE own_DA military_JJ capabilities_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Meanwhile_RR ,_, the_AT post-coup_JJ civilian_JJ government_NN1 under_II Arturo_NP1 Frondizi_NP1 had_VHD embarked_VVN on_II a_AT1 mission_NN1 in_II 1958_MC to_TO bring_VVI about_RP a_AT1 democratic_JJ ,_, developmentalist_NN1 project_NN1 that_CST would_VM exclude_VVI Peron_NP1 from_II the_AT political_JJ system_NN1 ;_; however_RR ,_, by_II 1960the_FO political_JJ failure_NN1 of_IO the_AT Frondizi_JJ government_NN1 had_VHD become_VVN apparent_JJ ._. 
</s>
<s>
Leslie_NP1 Gelb_NP1 confessed_VVD he_PPHS1 supported_VVD the_AT invasion_NN1 of_IO Iraq_NP1 in_II 2003_MC out_II21 of_II22 the_AT "_" disposition_NN1 and_CC incentives_NN2 to_TO support_VVI wars_NN2 to_TO retain_VVI political_JJ and_CC professional_JJ credibility_NN1 ._. "_" 
</s>
<s>
Vessels_NN2 fishing_NN1 with_IW these_DD2 types_NN2 of_IO gear_NN1 operated_VVN along_RP almost_RR the_AT entire_JJ Polish_JJ coast_NN1 ,_, and_CC in_II the_AT Gulf_NN1 of_IO Gdask_NP1 ,_, the_AT fishery_NN1 areas_NN2 of_IO many_DA2 vessels_NN2 overlapped_VVN in_II the_AT vicinity_NN1 of_IO Hel_NP1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
On_II the_AT scientific_JJ side_NN1 ,_, numerous_JJ studies_NN2 have_VH0 employed_VVN different_JJ research_NN1 frames_VVZ to_TO scrutinize_VVI the_AT empirical_JJ measures_NN2 that_CST have_VH0 been_VBN put_VVN forward_RL and_CC their_APPGE (_( potential_NN1 )_) impact_NN1 (_( e.g._REX ,_, Babcicky_NP1 2013_MC ;_; Costanza_NP1 et_RA21 al_RA22 ._. 
</s>
<s>
2014_MC ,_, 2016_MC ;_; Hayden_NP1 and_CC Wilson_NP1 2018_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Fielding_VVG for_IF the_AT Fuddy_JJ condition_NN1 took_VVD place_NN1 between_II November_NPM1 2_MC and_CC 9_MC ,_, 2016_MC ,_, and_CC ended_VVD when_RRQ 950_MC respondents_NN2 successfully_RR completed_VVD the_AT survey_NN1 (_( "_" Sample_NN1 1_MC1 "_" )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
With_IW over_RG 7.5_MC million_NNO votes_NN2 and_CC a_AT1 vote_NN1 share_NN1 of_IO 21.30_MC per_NNU21 cent_NNU22 ,_, her_APPGE first-round_NN1 score_NN1 represented_VVD the_AT highest_JJT number_NN1 of_IO votes_NN2 and_CC vote_NN1 share_NN1 of_IO any_DD far-right_JJ candidate_NN1 in_II a_AT1 presidential_JJ election_NN1 in_II the_AT Fifth_MD Republic_NN1 (_( Bréchon_NP1 2013_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Under_II a_AT1 regime_NN1 of_IO national_JJ security_NN1 ,_, every_AT1 thing_NN1 can_VM be_VBI imagined_VVN as_II a_AT1 potential_JJ target_NN1 and_CC enemies_NN2 can_VM be_VBI imagined_VVN every_AT1 where_RRQ ._. 
</s>
<s>
Indeed_RR ,_, as_CSA some_DD available_JJ evidence_NN1 demonstrates_VVZ ,_, the_AT salience_NN1 of_IO contextual_JJ norms_NN2 and_CC political_JJ practices_NN2 can_VM make_VVI the_AT empirical_JJ support_NN1 for_IF the_AT theorized_JJ party-stability_JJ linkage_NN1 a_AT1 weak_JJ ,_, or_CC at_RR21 best_RR22 ,_, a_AT1 mixed_JJ one_PN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
As_II a_AT1 result_NN1 ,_, insights_NN2 obtained_VVN from_II research_NN1 overlooking_VVG primary_JJ sources_NN2 in_II the_AT original_JJ language_NN1 generally_RR result_VV0 in_II biased_JJ and_CC ineffective_JJ policy_NN1 recommendations_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Among_II interviews_NN2 with_IW those_DD2 who_PNQS lost_VVD land_NN1 rights_NN2 ,_, respondents_NN2 emphasize_VV0 their_APPGE fear_NN1 of_IO upcoming_JJ elections_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
As_CSA faith_NN1 would_VM have_VHI it_PPH1 ,_, as_CSA the_AT House_NN1 of_IO Lords_NP was_VBDZ being_VBG rocked_VVN by_II scandals_NN2 ,_, the_AT Canadian_JJ Senate_NN1 was_VBDZ also_RR dealing_VVG with_IW serious_JJ issues_NN2 of_IO ethics_NN ._. 
</s>
<s>
This_DD1 situa_NN1 tion_NN1 has_VHZ started_VVN to_TO change_VVI with_IW the_AT election_NN1 of_IO Hassan_NP1 Sheikh_NNB Mohamud_NP1 as_CSA Somalia_NP1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 president_NN1 in_II September_NPM1 2012_MC ._. 
</s>
<s>
This_DD1 project_NN1 represents_VVZ an_AT1 initial_JJ step_NN1 in_II this_DD1 regard_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Attending_VVG to_II gift_NN1 exchange_NN1 in_II the_AT Perry_NP1 Expedition_NN1 restores_VVZ historical_JJ context_NN1 to_II the_AT practice_NN1 of_IO diplomatic_JJ gift_NN1 giving_VVG ,_, positioning_VVG it_PPH1 within_II a_AT1 negotiation_NN1 of_IO the_AT terms_NN2 of_IO widening_VVG Pacific_NP1 commerce_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
This_DD1 article_NN1 enhances_VVZ our_APPGE knowledge_NN1 of_IO the_AT path_NN1 from_II wartime_NN1 to_II mainstream_NN1 politics_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT same_DA argumentative_JJ structure_NN1 reappears_VVZ in_II the_AT essay_NN1 on_II '_NULL populism_NN1 '_NULL ._. 
</s>
<s>
Adverse_JJ weather_NN1 conditions_NN2 often_RR interplayed_VVD with_IW the_AT detrimental_JJ social_JJ consequences_NN2 of_IO these_DD2 factors_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT first_MD notebook_NN1 contains_VVZ the_AT following_JJ letters_NN2 :_: XIX_MC ,_, I_PPIS1 ,_, II_MC ,_, IV_MC ,_, V_ZZ1 ,_, VII_MC ,_, XI_NN1 ,_, XIII_MC ,_, XIV_MC ,_, XVI_MC ,_, XXVI_MC ,_, XXXI_MC ,_, XXXII_MC ,_, XXXIII_MC ,_, LXI_MC ,_, LXII_MC ,_, LXVIII_MC ,_, LXXV_MC ,_, LXXVIII_MC ,_, VIII_MC ,_, IX_MC ,_, X_ZZ1 ,_, and_CC XII_MC ._. 
</s>
<s>
While_CS the_AT Far_JJ Left_NN1 does_VDZ not_XX seem_VVI to_TO react_VVI to_II other_JJ MIDs_NN2 or_CC general_JJ Russian_JJ aggression_NN1 ,_, as_CSA noted_VVN in_II the_AT results_NN2 ,_, the_AT Far_JJ Left_NN1 becomes_VVZ more_RGR dovish_JJ compared_VVN to_II other_JJ parties_NN2 when_CS faced_VVN with_IW interstate_JJ threats_NN2 from_II country_NN1 specific_JJ Russian_JJ MIDs_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Another_DD1 core_NN1 challenge_NN1 within_II accessibility_NN1 is_VBZ the_AT diversity_NN1 in_II witnesses_NN2 providing_VVG evidence_NN1 to_II committees_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
This_DD1 differentiated_VVD participation_NN1 in_II previous_JJ cab_NN1 inets_NN2 and_CC government_NN1 formation_NN1 means_VVZ that_CST some_DD parties_NN2 accumulated_VVD more_DAR negotiation_NN1 and_CC government_NN1 experience_NN1 than_CSN others_NN2 ,_, and_CC dispose_VV0 of_IO larger_JJR re_II search_NN1 centers_NN2 to_TO support_VVI them_PPHO2 during_II these_DD2 negotiations_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Japan_NP1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 public_JJ and_CC private_JJ funding_NN1 of_IO connectivity_NN1 infrastructure_NN1 in_II south-east_ND1 Asia_NP1 in_RR21 particular_RR22 still_RR outstrips_VVZ that_DD1 of_IO China_NP1 for_RT41 the_RT42 time_RT43 being_RT44 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Crucially_RR ,_, the_AT RR_NP1 dilemma_NN1 constrains_VVZ only_JJ parties_NN2 able_JJ and_CC willing_JJ to_TO enter_VVI government_NN1 ,_, that_REX21 is_REX22 ,_, those_DD2 seeking_VVG office_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
I_PPIS1 find_VV0 it_PPH1 manly_JJ and_CC reassuring_JJ ._. 
</s>
<s>
Although_CS the_AT two-sided_JJ relation_NN1 between_II concept_NN1 and_CC reality_NN1 might_VM be_VBI viewed_VVN as_II a_AT1 polar_JJ opposition_NN1 or_CC two_MC extreme_JJ sides_NN2 of_IO the_AT same_DA relation_NN1 ,_, they_PPHS2 do_VD0 not_XX necessarily_RR indicate_VVI a_AT1 contradiction_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
For_REX21 instance_REX22 ,_, the_AT Chinese_JJ state_NN1 has_VHZ long_RR provided_VVN financial_JJ and_CC logistical_JJ support_NN1 to_II the_AT oil_NN1 and_CC gas_NN1 industries_NN2 ,_, which_DDQ are_VBR critical_JJ to_II China_NP1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 '_NULL pillar_NN1 industry_NN1 '_NULL strategy_NN1 (_( Andrews-Speed_NP1 2012_MC ;_; Wu_NP1 2014_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
However_RR ,_, the_AT Senator_NN1 was_VBDZ one_MC1 of_IO the_AT most_RGT conservative_JJ members_NN2 of_IO his_APPGE caucus_NN1 who_PNQS could_VM not_XX imagine_VVI himself_PPX1 collaborating_VVG in_II any_DD way_NN1 with_IW Clinton_NP1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
There_EX is_VBZ no_AT effect_NN1 of_IO the_AT Politicized_JJ Republicans_NN2 condition_NN1 for_IF these_DD2 respondents_NN2 ,_, suggesting_VVG that_CST while_CS partisans_NN2 respond_VV0 most_RGT strongly_RR to_II copartisan_JJ cues_NN2 ,_, there_EX is_VBZ no_AT evidence_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 backlash_NN1 effect_NN1 whereby_RRQ support_NN1 increases_VVZ in_II31 response_II32 to_II33 a_AT1 delegitimating_JJ cue_NN1 from_II the_AT out-party_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
In_II other_JJ words_NN2 ,_, the_AT SEAC_NN1 plays_VVZ an_AT1 important_JJ role_NN1 in_II redistributing_VVG the_AT ethnic_JJ administrative_JJ power_NN1 from_II the_AT central_JJ to_II the_AT local_JJ level_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
In_II Guatemala_NP1 ,_, for_REX21 example_REX22 ,_, Garvey_NP1 saw_VVD white_JJ managers_NN2 racially_RR insult_VV0 and_CC cut_VV0 the_AT wages_NN2 of_IO West_NP1 Indian_JJ laborers_NN2 for_IF displaying_VVG pictures_NN2 of_IO Jack_NP1 Johnson_NP1 ,_, the_AT first_MD black_JJ heavyweight_NN1 champion_NN1 ,_, in_II their_APPGE cabins_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
As_CSA relations_NN2 between_II Germany_NP1 and_CC Britain_NP1 were_VBDR deteriorating_VVG during_II the_AT years_NNT2 1908-1914_MCMC ,_, Albert_NP1 Ballin_NP1 ,_, a_AT1 German_JJ businessman_NN1 ,_, became_VVD concerned_JJ and_CC decided_VVD to_TO promote_VVI Anglo-German_JJ talks_NN2 on_II naval_JJ arms_NN2 limitations_NN2 in_BCL21 order_BCL22 to_TO halt_VVI the_AT naval_JJ arms_NN2 race_NN1 and_CC improve_VVI relations_NN2 between_II the_AT two_MC states_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Some_DD individuals_NN2 have_VH0 more_RGR "_" epistemic_JJ motivation_NN1 ,_, "_" a_AT1 commitment_NN1 to_II rational_JJ thought_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Similar_JJ debates_NN2 are_VBR playing_VVG out_RP worldwide_RL ,_, with_IW federalism_NN1 hailed_VVN as_II a_AT1 reason_NN1 for_IF Germany_NP1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 relative_JJ successes_NN2 (_( Oltermann_NP1 2020_MC )_) and_CC Italy_NP1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 relative_JJ failures_NN2 (_( Horowitz_NP1 ,_, Bubola_NP1 ,_, and_CC Provoledo_NP1 2020_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
While_CS this_DD1 is_VBZ a_AT1 laudable_JJ effort_NN1 to_TO highlight_VVI the_AT distinction_NN1 between_II the_AT effects_NN2 of_IO objective_JJ procedural_JJ arrangements_NN2 and_CC subjective_JJ fairness_NN1 assessments_NN2 ,_, there_EX is_VBZ no_AT term_NN1 for_IF the_AT total_JJ impact_NN1 of_IO objective_JJ conditions_NN2 on_II reactions_NN2 (_( causal_JJ flow_NN1 A_ZZ1 multiplied_VVN by_II causal_JJ flow_NN1 B_ZZ1 )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Our_APPGE dependent_JJ variable_NN1 is_VBZ the_AT party_NN1 choice_NN1 of_IO the_AT respondent_NN1 in_II elections_NN2 for_IF the_AT lower_JJR chamber_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
In_II that_DD1 sense_NN1 ,_, coup-proofing_NN1 erodes_VVZ regime_NN1 efficiency_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
A_AT1 year_NNT1 later_RRR ,_, Truman_NP1 galvanized_VVD a_AT1 UN_NP1 force_NN1 to_TO apply_VVI Wilson_NP1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 principle_NN1 of_IO collective_JJ security_NN1 in_II31 response_II32 to_II33 aggression_NN1 in_II Korea_NP1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Additionally_RR ,_, epistemic_JJ communitiesnetworks_NN2 of_IO '_NULL professionals_NN2 with_IW recognized_JJ expertise_NN1 and_CC competence_NN1 in_II a_AT1 particular_JJ do_VD0 main_JJ or_CC issue-area_NN1 '_NULL play_VV0 a_AT1 crucial_JJ role_NN1 as_CSA generators_NN2 of_IO ideas_NN2 and_CC creators_NN2 of_IO knowledge_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Liu_NP1 is_VBZ the_AT most_RGT active_JJ and_CC frequent_JJ appellant_NN1 in_II the_AT Square_NN1 Ground_NN1 Community_NN1 ;_; however_RR ,_, she_PPHS1 felt_VVD disdainful_JJ when_CS referring_VVG to_II the_AT other_JJ land-lost_JJ farmers_NN2 in_II her_APPGE community_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
In_II section_NN1 two_MC I_PPIS1 offer_VV0 further_JJR illustrations_NN2 of_IO the_AT work_NN1 of_IO relationality_NN1 within_II feminism_NN1 ,_, picking_VVG up_RP on_II some_DD of_IO the_AT thinking_NN1 trails_NN2 left_VVN in_II section_NN1 one_MC1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT low_JJ success_NN1 rate_NN1 has_VHZ sometimes_RT been_VBN seen_VVN as_CSA evidence_NN1 of_IO excessive_JJ rigidity_NN1 in_II the_AT Australian_JJ constitution_NN1 (_( e.g._REX ,_, McMinn_NP1 1979_MC ,_, 121_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
While_CS it_PPH1 is_VBZ one_PN1 in_II a_AT1 broader_JJR set_NN1 of_IO morality_NN1 policies_NN2 ,_, understanding_VVG the_AT purpose_NN1 of_IO entertainment_NN1 censorship_NN1 offers_VVZ new_JJ insight_NN1 into_II how_RRQ dictators_NN2 govern_VV0 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Thus_RR ,_, in_II this_DD1 context_NN1 ,_, the_AT problem_NN1 with_IW Lenin_NP1 was_VBDZ not_XX his_APPGE alleged_JJ "_" Blanquism_NN1 ,_, "_" but_CCB a_AT1 kind_NN1 of_IO incompetence_NN1 ;_; unable_JK to_TO see_VVI the_AT new_JJ quality_NN1 ,_, in_II despair_NN1 he_PPHS1 would_VM resort_NN1 to_II tools_NN2 belonging_VVG to_II other_JJ doctrines_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
It_PPH1 was_VBDZ theorized_VVN that_CST both_DB2 the_AT contribution_NN1 incentives_NN2 for_IF coalition_NN1 members_NN2 within_II the_AT diverse_JJ coalition_NN1 ,_, as_II31 well_II32 as_II33 the_AT incentives_NN2 for_IF policy_NN1 makers_NN2 to_TO respond_VVI to_II signals_NN2 of_IO broad_JJ support_NN1 ,_, are_VBR lower_JJR when_CS external_JJ pressures_NN2 in_II the_AT form_NN1 of_IO mobilized_JJ interests_NN2 are_VBR low_JJ ,_, but_CCB they_PPHS2 increase_VV0 as_II an_AT1 issue_NN1 becomes_VVZ increasingly_RR salient_JJ in_II the_AT lobbying_NN1 community_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
In_II the_AT crucial_JJ 1999_MC General_JJ Election_NN1 ,_, when_CS there_EX was_VBDZ a_AT1 wave_NN1 of_IO anti-regime_JJ sentiment_NN1 due_II21 to_II22 the_AT BN_NP1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 sacking_NN1 and_CC brutal_JJ treatment_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 Deputy_NN1 Prime_JJ Minister_NN1 ,_, almost_RR 680,000_MC people_NN ,_, or_CC just_RR over_RG 7_MC percent_NNU of_IO the_AT electorate_NN1 ,_, were_VBDR unable_JK to_TO vote_VVI even_CS21 when_CS22 they_PPHS2 had_VHD registered_VVN to_TO do_VDI so_RR (_( Lim_NP1 ,_, 2005_MC ,_, pp._NNU2 272–273_MCMC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Security_NN1 pol_VV0 icy_JJ must_VM take_VVI into_II account_NN1 the_AT significance_NN1 of_IO these_DD2 changes_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Soviet_JJ intelligence_NN1 assets_NN2 suffered_VVN in_II the_AT process_NN1 ,_, and_CC the_AT Western_JJ press_NN1 reported_VVN on_II "_" the_AT Soviet_JJ spy_NN1 network_NN1 in_II Iran_NP1 ._. "_" 
</s>
<s>
Our_APPGE results_NN2 suggest_VV0 that_CST politicians_NN2 care_VV0 more_RRR about_II their_APPGE constituents_NN2 than_CSN they_PPHS2 do_VD0 about_II their_APPGE international_JJ reputations_NN2 ;_; this_DD1 finding_NN1 is_VBZ consistent_JJ with_IW previous_JJ research_NN1 that_CST has_VHZ found_VVN the_AT effects_NN2 of_IO international_JJ constraints_NN2 on_II human_JJ rights_NN2 violations_NN2 to_TO be_VBI very_RG small_JJ and_CC often_RR contingent_JJ on_II domestic_JJ institutional_JJ structures_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
As_II a_AT1 result_NN1 of_IO an_AT1 expanding_JJ imperialist-nationalist_JJ discourse_NN1 in_II post-Soviet_JJ Russia_NP1 ,_, the_AT primary_JJ causes_NN2 for_IF the_AT cracks_NN2 in_II the_AT allegedly_RR centuries-old_JJ "_" friendship_NN1 between_II the_AT people_NN "_" of_IO the_AT former_DA Russian_JJ empire_NN1 became_VVD more_RRR and_CC more_RRR interpreted_VVN as_CSA results_NN2 of_IO treachery_NN1 by_II Russian_JJ democrats_NN2 as_CSA instruments_NN2 of_IO covert_JJ Western_JJ interference_NN1 into_II late_JJ and_CC post-Soviet_JJ domestic_JJ affairs_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
There_RL Hobbes_NP1 says_VVZ "_" there_EX be_VBI two_MC ways_NN2 of_IO erecting_VVG a_AT1 body_NN1 politic_NN1 ;_; one_PN1 by_II arbitrary_JJ institution_NN1 of_IO many_DA2 men_NN2 assembled_VVN together_RL ,_, which_DDQ is_VBZ like_II a_AT1 creation_NN1 out_II21 of_II22 nothing_PN1 by_II human_JJ wit_NN1 ;_; the_AT other_JJ by_II compulsion_NN1 ,_, which_DDQ is_VBZ as_RR31 it_RR32 were_RR33 a_AT1 generation_NN1 thereof_RR out_II21 of_II22 natural_JJ force_NN1 ._. "_" 
</s>
<s>
In_II some_DD cases_NN2 ,_, the_AT observers_NN2 making_VVG the_AT inferences_NN2 are_VBR elites_NN2 (_( e.g._REX ,_, Mercer_NP1 1996_MC )_) ,_, whereas_CS in_II other_JJ cases_NN2 ,_, they_PPHS2 are_VBR citizens_NN2 (_( e.g._REX ,_, Kertzer_NP1 ,_, Renshon_NP1 ,_, and_CC Yarhi-Milo_NP1 2015_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Campaigns_NN2 like_II these_DD2 aimed_VVN at_II increasing_VVG public_JJ support_NN1 for_IF labour_NN1 market_NN1 liberalisation_NN1 and_CC lower_JJR labour_NN1 costs_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Unsurprisingly_RR ,_, old_JJ ambassadors_NN2 are_VBR more_RGR likely_JJ to_TO retire_VVI than_CSN their_APPGE younger_JJR contemporaries_NN2 ,_, as_CSA evidenced_VVN by_II the_AT negative_JJ coefficient_NN1 on_II age_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Suggesting_VVG that_CST in_II forming_VVG a_AT1 state_NN1 men_NN2 want_VV0 to_TO "_" grow_VVI together_RL "_" speaks_VVZ to_II the_AT figurative_JJ dimension_NN1 that_CST is_VBZ part_NN1 of_IO understanding_VVG the_AT fiction_NN1 of_IO the_AT state_NN1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 formation_NN1 and_CC of_IO the_AT unity_NN1 men_NN2 themselves_PPX2 create_VV0 ._. 
</s>
<s>
No_AT other_JJ organisation_NN1 ,_, except_CS the_AT military_JJ ,_, has_VHZ similar_JJ authority_NN1 or_CC the_AT ability_NN1 to_TO mobilise_VVI the_AT local_JJ population_NN1 and_CC supporters_NN2 nationwide_RL ._. 
</s>
<s>
In_II contrast_NN1 to_II previous_JJ analyses_NN2 ,_, this_DD1 Article_NN1 is_VBZ the_AT first_MD to_TO directly_RR contrast_VVI the_AT consequences_NN2 of_IO relying_VVG on_II treaties_NN2 versus_II executive_NN1 agreements_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Furthermore_RR ,_, as_CSA western_JJ elites_NN2 '_NULL legitimacy_NN1 communication_NN1 in_II the_AT media_NN is_VBZ not_XX shaped_VVN by_II perceptions_NN2 of_IO domestic_JJ systems_NN2 '_NULL legitimacy_NN1 but_CCB by_II a_AT1 common_JJ understanding_NN1 of_IO legitimacy_NN1 in_II global_JJ governance_NN1 ,_, elite_NN1 cues_NN2 should_VM help_VVI to_TO level_VVI strong_JJ cross-country_JJ differences_NN2 in_II citizens_NN2 '_NULL beliefs_NN2 over_II time_NNT1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
There_EX is_VBZ a_AT1 primary_JJ school_NN1 ,_, a_AT1 1,800_MC m_NNO out-door_JJ exercise_NN1 plaza_NN1 ,_, basic_JJ sports_NN2 equipment_NN1 ,_, one_MC1 basketball_NN1 court_NN1 ,_, two_MC kindergartens_NN2 ,_, one_MC1 nursery_NN1 ,_, one_MC1 community_NN1 center_NN1 ,_, one_MC1 clinic_NN1 ,_, one_MC1 police_VVZ post_NN1 ,_, one_MC1 fresh_JJ produce_NN1 food_NN1 market_NN1 ,_, and_CC also_RR a_AT1 full-time_JJ cleaning_NN1 team_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
In_II fact_NN1 ,_, this_DD1 is_VBZ their_APPGE intended_JJ purpose_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
It_PPH1 is_VBZ in_II this_DD1 context_NN1 that_CST the_AT rules_NN2 of_IO recruitment_NN1 were_VBDR changed_VVN at_II Itamaraty_NP1 ,_, which_DDQ has_VHZ historically_RR been_VBN dominated_VVN by_II the_AT white_JJ upper_JJ class_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
But_CCB the_AT increas_NN2 ingly_RR volatile_JJ international_JJ order_NN1 shook_VVD this_DD1 commitment_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Even_RR former_DA adversaries_NN2 like_II Australia_NP1 and_CC Indonesia_NP1 ,_, Brazil_NP1 and_CC Argentina_NP1 ,_, and_CC Ukraine_NP1 and_CC Russia_NP1 have_VH0 now_RT signed_VVN DCAs_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
While_CS Putin_NP1 himself_PPX1 emphatically_RR avoids_VVZ using_VVG the_AT term_NN1 "_" superpower_NN1 ,_, "_" Surkov_NP1 (_( 2006_MC )_) explains_VVZ that_CST while_CS "_" adherents_NN2 of_IO the_AT liberal_JJ obscurantism_NN1 "_" see_VV0 market_NN1 liberalization_NN1 as_II the_AT major_JJ driving_JJ force_NN1 of_IO Russia_NP1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 economic_JJ development_NN1 ,_, Putin_NP1 offers_VVZ a_AT1 "_" realistic_JJ model_NN1 "_" which_DDQ is_VBZ "_" the_AT concept_NN1 of_IO Russia_NP1 as_II an_AT1 energy_NN1 superpower_NN1 ._. "_" 
</s>
<s>
For_IF his_APPGE part_NN1 ,_, Nigel_NP1 Farage_NP1 has_VHZ accused_VVN the_AT EU_NP1 of_IO being_VBG '_NULL unreasonable_JJ '_NULL '_NULL bully_NN1 boys_NN2 '_NULL ._. 
</s>
<s>
Indeed_RR ,_, the_AT visibility_NN1 of_IO the_AT Sullivan_NP1 Principles_NN2 meant_VVD that_CST despite_II enduring_JJ criticisms_NN2 from_II activists_NN2 ,_, codes_NN2 in_II this_DD1 vein_NN1 were_VBDR actually_RR legitimized_VVN and_CC adopted_VVN by_II civil_JJ society_NN1 groups_NN2 following_VVG the_AT end_NN1 of_IO apartheid_NN1 :_: the_AT success_NN1 anti-apartheid_JJ activists_NN2 found_VVN in_II arguing_VVG against_II the_AT Sullivan_NP1 Principles_NN2 was_VBDZ in_II some_DD senses_NN2 anomalous_JJ ._. 
</s>
<s>
To_TO accelerate_VVI China_NP1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 rise_VV0 as_II an_AT1 independent_JJ '_NULL pole_NN1 '_NULL ,_, the_AT Chinese_JJ government_NN1 in_II the_AT new_JJ century_NNT1 adopts_VVZ the_AT strategy_NN1 of_IO economic_JJ diplomacy_NN1 to_TO enhance_VVI its_APPGE eco_NN1 nomic_JJ ,_, and_CC by_II extension_NN1 ,_, political_JJ influence_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT Rubicon_NN1 had_VHD already_RR been_VBN crossed_VVN ._. 
</s>
<s>
It_PPH1 considered_VVD the_AT validity_NN1 of_IO the_AT Trump_NN1 administration_NN1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 effort_NN1 to_TO add_VVI a_AT1 citizenship_NN1 question_NN1 to_II the_AT 2020_MC census_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT only_JJ informant_NN1 to_TO have_VHI opposed_VVN the_AT interventions_NN2 that_CST fall_VV0 ,_, contravening_VVG the_AT party_NN1 line_NN1 and_CC therefore_RR the_AT democratic_JJ centralist_NN1 system_NN1 ,_, was_VBDZ Galfré_NP1 ,_, who_PNQS as_RG previously_RR stated_VVN was_VBDZ deputy_NN1 editor_NN1 of_IO LPVM_NP1 in_II Toulon_NP1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
First_MD ,_, we_PPIS2 show_VV0 that_CST the_AT incumbent_JJ party_NN1 is_VBZ using_VVG different_JJ policies_NN2 to_TO target_VVI different_JJ groups_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
As_CSA list_NN1 MPs_NN2 are_VBR also_RR very_RG often_RR SMD_NP1 candidates_NN2 at_II the_AT previous_JJ elections_NN2 ,_, parties_NN2 may_VM have_VHI different_JJ plans_NN2 for_IF them_PPHO2 than_CSN serving_VVG just_RR as_CSA '_NULL second_MD class_NN1 representatives_NN2 '_NULL (_( Ward_NP1 ,_, 1998_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
To_TO determine_VVI whether_CSW these_DD2 types_NN2 of_IO changes_NN2 in_II beliefs_NN2 might_VM have_VHI been_VBN part_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 more_RGR systematic_JJ process_NN1 of_IO attitude_NN1 change_NN1 ,_, I_PPIS1 rely_VV0 on_II the_AT econometric_JJ analysis_NN1 provided_VVN in_II the_AT Research_NN1 Design_NN1 section_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT creation_NN1 of_IO an_AT1 ES_NP1 ensures_VVZ national_JJ parliamentarians_NN2 can_VM influence_VVI EU_NP1 decision-making_NN1 ;_; hence_RR it_PPH1 is_VBZ a_AT1 desirable_JJ innovation_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
If_CS government_NN1 officials_NN2 can_VM realize_VVI benefits_NN2 from_II expropriative_JJ behavior_NN1 but_CCB externalize_VV0 the_AT costs_NN2 to_II investors_NN2 ,_, they_PPHS2 will_VM expropriate_VVI too_RG often_RR and_CC a_AT1 compensation_NN1 requirement_NN1 may_VM be_VBI constructive_JJ ._. 
</s>
<s>
Subsequently_RR ,_, various_JJ groups_NN2 competed_VVD for_IF power_NN1 via_II violence_NN1 ,_, suggesting_VVG that_CST the_AT void_NN1 he_PPHS1 left_VVD was_VBDZ not_XX easily_RR filled_VVN ._. 
</s>
<s>
Naoroji_NN2 warned_VVD that_CST the_AT simultaneous_JJ "_" material_NN1 "_" and_CC "_" moral_JJ "_" impoverishment_NN1 of_IO the_AT people_NN would_VM ultimately_RR make_VVI it_PPH1 difficult_JJ for_IF them_PPHO2 to_TO recognize_VVI the_AT promise_NN1 of_IO development_NN1 embodied_VVN in_II the_AT imperial_JJ project_NN1 (_( see_VV0 also_RR Dutt_VV0 1901_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Steady_JJ official_JJ contacts_NN2 between_II the_AT Swedish_JJ government_NN1 and_CC the_AT PLO_NP1 ensued_VVD after_II Arafat_NP1 and_CC Palme_NP1 Alger_NP1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 meeting_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Generally_RR ,_, the_AT vice_JJ minister_NN1 of_IO the_AT UFWD_NN1 has_VHZ a_AT1 lower_JJR political_JJ status_NN1 than_CSN the_AT minister_NN1 because_CS the_AT former_DA is_VBZ subject_II21 to_II22 the_AT direction_NN1 of_IO the_AT latter_DA ._. 
</s>
<s>
This_DD1 institutionalization_NN1 contrasts_VVZ with_IW PoC_NP1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 implementation_NN1 record_NN1 ,_, especially_RR regarding_II the_AT use_NN1 of_IO force_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Like_II other_JJ authoritarian_JJ successor_NN1 parties_NN2 ,_, the_AT PRI_NP1 after_II 2000_MC promoted_VVD itself_PPX1 as_II the_AT "_" steady_JJ hand_NN1 "_" that_CST could_VM steer_VVI the_AT ship_NN1 of_IO state_NN1 smoothly_RR ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT comparison_NN1 of_IO elite_NN1 legitimacy_NN1 communication_NN1 in_II the_AT media_NN of_IO four_MC countries_NN2 about_II only_RR three_MC IOs_NP2 can_VM not_XX prove_VVI the_AT causal_JJ relationships_NN2 between_II communication_NN1 patterns_NN2 ,_, IO_NP1 authority_NN1 ,_, national_JJ political_JJ cultures_NN2 ,_, and_CC political_JJ events_NN2 nor_CC can_VM it_PPH1 fully_RR disentangle_VVI specific_JJ effects_NN2 on_II communication_NN1 tone_NN1 and_CC intensity_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Many_DA2 comparative_JJ political_JJ theorists_NN2 share_VV0 Marx_NP1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 skepticism_NN1 concerning_II "_" the_AT spurious_JJ '_NULL universality_NN1 '_NULL traditionally_RR claimed_VVN by_II the_AT &lsqb;_( political_JJ thinkers_NN2 of_IO the_AT &rsqb;_) Western_JJ canon_NN1 "_" (_( Dallmayr_NP1 2004_MC ,_, 252–53_MCMC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Exposure_NN1 to_II political_JJ satire_NN1 may_VM also_RR increase_VVI people_NN '_NULL s_ZZ1 interests_NN2 in_II engaging_VVG in_II political_JJ talk_NN1 (_( Landreville_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2010_MC )_) as_II31 well_II32 as_II33 electoral_JJ politics_NN1 and_CC legislative_JJ processes_NN2 (_( Baym_NP1 and_CC Jones_NP1 ,_, 2012_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
An_AT1 electoral_JJ authoritarian_JJ regime_NN1 that_CST engages_VVZ in_II forms_NN2 of_IO manipulation_NN1 that_CST make_VV0 elections_NN2 less_RRR than_CSN fully_RR free_JJ and_CC fair_JJ ,_, but_CCB formally_RR recognizes_VVZ a_AT1 full_JJ basket_NN1 of_IO political_JJ and_CC civil_JJ rights_NN2 ,_, will_VM be_VBI much_RR more_RGR prone_JJ to_II social_JJ accountability_NN1 ,_, than_CSN a_AT1 totalitarian_JJ regime_NN1 that_CST places_VVZ all_DB forms_NN2 of_IO social_JJ organization_NN1 under_II the_AT control_NN1 of_IO the_AT ruling_JJ party_NN1 ,_, monopolizes_VVZ mass_JJ media_NN through_II the_AT state_NN1 ,_, and_CC holds_VVZ plebiscitary_JJ elections_NN2 with_IW one_MC1 list_NN1 composed_VVN of_IO party-approved_JJ members_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT norm_NN1 is_VBZ for_IF all_DB to_TO contribute_VVI to_II society_NN1 in_II some_DD way_NN1 or_CC other_JJ to_II the_AT greatest_JJT extent_NN1 of_IO their_APPGE abilities_NN2 in_II31 return_II32 for_II33 access_NN1 to_II the_AT material_NN1 preconditions_NN2 of_IO human_JJ flourishing_JJ ._. 
</s>
<s>
Human_JJ excellence_NN1 ,_, defined_VVN in_II31 terms_II32 of_II33 traditionally_RR masculine_JJ excellence_NN1 ,_, became_VVD a_AT1 standard_JJ to_TO denigrate_VVI women_NN2 and_CC justify_VVI relegating_VVG them_PPHO2 to_II a_AT1 subordinate_JJ status_NN1 and_CC function_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
This_DD1 observation_NN1 affords_VVZ a_AT1 further_JJR advantage_NN1 to_II IIAs_NN2 not_XX yet_RR emphasizedISDS_VVZ litigation_NN1 may_VM be_VBI much_RR more_RGR visible_JJ and_CC well_RR publicized_JJ than_CSN litigation_NN1 in_II the_AT domestic_JJ courts_NN2 of_IO a_AT1 host_NN1 country_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
First_MD ,_, although_CS originally_RR hailing_VVG from_II the_AT UK_NP1 and_CC other_JJ English-speaking_JJ countries_NN2 due_II21 to_II22 long-standing_JJ British_JJ interest_NN1 in_II the_AT Gulf_NP1 ,_, the_AT large_JJ class_NN1 of_IO experts_NN2 circulating_VVG in_II the_AT region_NN1 today_RT is_VBZ quite_RG multinational_JJ ,_, typically_RR invited_VVN ,_, paid_VVN by_II contract_NN1 ,_, and_CC comes_VVZ from_II universities_NN2 or_CC consulting_JJ firms_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
After_CS the_AT K#niggratz_FO victory_NN1 ,_, he_PPHS1 believed_VVD "_" we_PPIS2 could_VM not_XX lose_VVI a_AT1 fortnight_NNT1 without_IW bringing_VVG at_RR21 least_RR22 the_AT danger_NN1 of_IO French_JJ interference_NN1 very_RG much_DA1 nearer_JJR than_CSN it_PPH1 otherwise_RR would_VM be_VBI ._. "_" 
</s>
<s>
Psychological_JJ research_NN1 also_RR shows_VVZ that_CST individuals_NN2 differ_VV0 in_II the_AT degree_NN1 to_II which_DDQ rational_JJ thought_NN1 guides_NN2 their_APPGE decisionmaking_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
In_II this_DD1 context_NN1 of_IO maximum_JJ volatility_NN1 and_CC domination_NN1 by_II large_JJ parties_NN2 ,_, the_AT danger_NN1 that_CST a_AT1 relatively_RR minor_JJ party_NN1 such_II21 as_II22 PNL_NP1 will_VM disappear_VVI is_VBZ considerable_JJ ._. 
</s>
<s>
What_DDQ percentage_NN1 of_IO Kuwait_NP1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 population_NN1 do_VD0 you_PPY think_VVI will_VM support_VVI the_AT plan_NN1 proposed_VVN by_II politicians_NN2 and_CC international_JJ experts_NN2 ?_? 
</s>
<s>
Although_CS very_RG rapid_JJ in_II Moldovan_NP1 and_CC Eastern_JJ European_JJ settings_NN2 ,_, the_AT changing_JJ patterns_NN2 of_IO political_JJ action_NN1 may_VM also_RR reflect_VVI a_AT1 change_NN1 in_II dominant_JJ social_JJ values_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
According_II21 to_II22 their_APPGE assumption_NN1 ,_, only_RR private_JJ property_NN1 rights_NN2 are_VBR well_RR defined_VVN and_CC thus_RR promote_VV0 economic_JJ growth_NN1 (_( North_ND1 ,_, 1981_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Section_NN1 '_NULL Human_NN1 Rights_NN2 :_: Political_JJ and_CC Metaphysical_NP1 '_NULL argues_VVZ that_CST by_II abandoning_VVG moral_JJ foundationalism_NN1 ,_, the_AT political_JJ theories_NN2 of_IO human_JJ rights_NN2 of_IO Charles_NP1 Beitz_NP1 and_CC Joseph_NP1 Raz_NP1 struggle_NN1 to_TO give_VVI a_AT1 justification_NN1 for_IF the_AT practice_NN1 of_IO human_JJ rights_NN2 ,_, a_AT1 problem_NN1 that_CST could_VM be_VBI solved_VVN with_IW the_AT help_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 moderate_JJ deflationary_JJ view_NN1 about_II truth_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Nevertheless_RR ,_, some_DD of_IO the_AT most_RGT central_JJ questions_NN2 of_IO the_AT debate_NN1 are_VBR still_RR open_JJ ._. 
</s>
<s>
We_PPIS2 collected_VVD Twitter_NN1 data_NN between_II March_NPM1 2016_MC and_CC May_NPM1 2017_MC using_VVG the_AT Twitter_NN1 Streaming_VVG API_NN2 ,_, which_DDQ allowed_VVD us_PPIO2 to_TO scrape_VVI in_II real_JJ time_NNT1 all_DB Tweets_NN2 made_VVN to_II a_AT1 hashtag_NN1 defined_VVN by_II Parliament_NN1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 Petitions_NN2 Committee_NN1 to_TO coordinate_VVI discussion_NN1 of_IO e-petitions_NN2 on_II Twitter_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Every_AT1 crisis_NN1 between_II India_NP1 and_CC Pakistan_NP1 could_VM potentially_RR carry_VVI the_AT risk_NN1 of_IO becoming_VVG a_AT1 nuclear_JJ crisis_NN1 very_RG early_RR ,_, with_IW the_AT mere_JJ possibility_NN1 of_IO counterforce_NN1 making_VVG preemption_NN1 a_AT1 potentially_RR self-fulfilling_JJ prophecy_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
On_II the_AT contrary_NN1 ,_, they_PPHS2 can_VM be_VBI as_RG good_JJ or_CC even_RR better_RRR '_NULL ._. 
</s>
<s>
As_CSA illustrated_VVN in_II Figure_NN1 2_MC ,_, the_AT number_NN1 of_IO environmental_JJ policies_NN2 that_CST countries_NN2 adopted_VVN between_II 1990_MC and_CC 2013_MC increased_VVD notably_RR over_II time_NNT1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
However_RR ,_, in_II subsequent_JJ years_NNT2 ,_, WikiLeaks_NN2 gradually_RR abandoned_VVN this_DD1 cautious_JJ approach_NN1 and_CC was_VBDZ criticized_VVN for_IF releasing_VVG critical_JJ per_II sonal_JJ information_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
What_DDQ Confucianism_NN1 needs_VVZ to_TO do_VDI is_VBZ simply_RR to_TO develop_VVI this_DD1 inner_JJ inclination_NN1 and_CC let_VVI democracy_NN1 become_VV0 an_AT1 essential_JJ part_NN1 of_IO its_APPGE politics_NN1 (_( Mou_NP1 1980_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
There_EX were_VBDR other_JJ potential_JJ solutions_NN2 under_II consideration_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
When_CS discussing_VVG a_AT1 '_NULL struggle_NN1 for_IF history_NN1 '_NULL in_II the_AT North_ND1 Caucasus_NP1 ,_, scholars_NN2 usually_RR focus_VV0 on_II the_AT Caucasian_JJ war_NN1 of_IO the_AT nineteenth_MD century_NNT1 (_( Tillett_NP1 1969_MC ;_; Gammer_NP1 1992_MC ,_, 1999_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Turnover_NN1 within_II the_AT host-nation_JJ government_NN1 also_RR increases_VVZ the_AT risk_NN1 of_IO deposition_NN1 for_IF career_NN1 appointees_NN2 ,_, although_CS not_XX for_IF political_JJ appointees_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Botometer_NP1 is_VBZ open_JJ for_IF other_JJ scholars_NN2 to_TO detect_VVI social_JJ bots_NN2 on_II Twitter_NN1 so_BCL21 as_BCL22 to_TO replicate_VVI our_APPGE analysis_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
I_PPIS1 derive_VV0 the_AT two_MC most_RGT common_JJ (_( but_CCB opposing_JJ )_) behavioral_JJ predictions_NN2 before_II testing_VVG them_PPHO2 over_RP all_DB legislative_JJ votes_NN2 of_IO two_MC UK_NP1 House_NN1 of_IO Commons_NP terms_NN2 (_( 2005–15_MCMC )_) using_VVG multilevel_NN1 modeling_NN1 of_IO new_JJ and_CC disaggregated_VVD data_NN on_II MPs_NNU '_NULL occupational_JJ backgrounds_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Some_DD scholars_NN2 are_VBR concerned_JJ about_II spurious_JJ results_NN2 for_IF conflict_NN1 outcomes_NN2 due_II21 to_II22 endogeneity_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
But_CCB as_CS31 soon_CS32 as_CS33 things_NN2 went_VVD awry_RL ,_, what_DDQ we_PPIS2 were_VBDR doing_VDG was_VBDZ &lsqb;_( dismissed_VVN as_II the_AT '_NULL RAND_NN1 reform_NN1 '_NULL even_CS21 though_CS22 it_PPH1 was_VBDZ clearly_RR the_AT emir_NN1 that_CST chose_VVD it_PPH1 ._. "_" 
</s>
<s>
In_II 1918_MC ,_, the_AT late_JJ Second_MD German_JJ Empire_NN1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 two_MC foremost_JJT military_JJ leaders_NN2 Erich_NP1 Ludendorff_NP1 and_CC Paul_NP1 von_NP1 Hindenburg_NP1 acknowledged_VVD that_CST Germany_NP1 would_VM ,_, sooner_RRR or_CC later_RRR ,_, be_VBI beaten_VVN and_CC conquered_VVN by_II the_AT Entente_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Our_APPGE count_NN1 of_IO WTO_NN1 complaints_NN2 against_II the_AT US_NP1 includes_VVZ antidumping_VVG ,_, subsidies_NN2 and_CC countervailing_JJ measures_NN2 ,_, and_CC safeguards_VVZ cases_NN2 because_CS these_DD2 are_VBR the_AT exceptions_NN2 that_CST allow_VV0 nations_NN2 to_TO impose_VVI discriminatory_JJ trade_NN1 barriers_NN2 within_II limits_NN2 imposed_VVN by_II the_AT WTO_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
It_PPH1 is_VBZ most_RGT unclear_JJ what_DDQ these_DD2 positions_NN2 have_VH0 to_TO do_VDI with_IW each_PPX221 other_PPX222 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT stipulation_NN1 that_CST conflict_NN1 transition_NN1 processes_NN2 must_VM '_NULL secure_VVI a_AT1 lasting_JJ peace_NN1 by_II peaceful_JJ means_NN '_NULL was_VBDZ clearly_RR stated_VVN in_II the_AT agreement_NN1 and_CC has_VHZ remained_VVN a_AT1 critical_JJ reference_NN1 point_NN1 in_II the_AT subsequent_JJ period_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Won_VVN '_NULL t_ZZ1 there_EX be_VBI a_AT1 need_NN1 for_IF a_AT1 permanent_JJ support_NN1 staff_NN for_IF those_DD2 elected_VVN to_II positions_NN2 of_IO authority_NN1 and_CC ,_, if_CS so_RR ,_, how_RRQ can_VM excessive_JJ bureaucratization_NN1 be_VBI best_RRT avoided_VVN ?_? 
</s>
<s>
Correspondingly_RR ,_, small_JJ parties_NN2 who_PNQS only_RR run_VVN or_CC succeed_VV0 at_II the_AT lower_JJR echelons_NN2 feel_VV0 less_RGR public_JJ pressure_NN1 to_TO introduce_VVI or_CC apply_VVI rules_NN2 for_IF gender-balanced_JJ lists_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT film_NN1 reuses_VVZ ,_, through_II creative_JJ montage_NN1 ,_, nine_MC official_JJ documentaries_NN2 of_IO Cypriot_NN1 public_NN1 diplomacy_NN1 ,_, revealing_VVG the_AT key_JJ narratives_NN2 and_CC hidden_JJ transcripts_NN2 that_CST the_AT visual_JJ material_NN1 disseminates_VVZ ,_, thus_RR encouraging_VVG a_AT1 reflexive_NN1 focus_NN1 on_II the_AT use_NN1 of_IO imagery_NN1 in_II diplomacy_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
However_RR ,_, the_AT perceptions_NN2 of_IO Australian_JJ MPAs_NN2 as_CSA no-take_JJ only_RR represents_VVZ a_AT1 fraction_NN1 of_IO the_AT total_JJ system_NN1 (_( Fig._NN1 3B_FO )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
As_II a_AT1 whole_NN1 ,_, the_AT literature_NN1 seems_VVZ reluctant_JJ to_TO brand_VVI the_AT dirigiste_NN1 state_NN1 of_IO the_AT postwar_JJ era_NN1 as_II a_AT1 mere_JJ "_" state_NN1 of_IO the_AT capitalists_NN2 "_" (_( as_CSA Engels_NN2 had_VHD put_VVN it_PPH1 )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
With_IW each_DD1 side_NN1 competing_VVG for_IF influence_NN1 in_II Ukraine_NP1 and_CC fearing_VVG that_CST any_DD concession_NN1 or_CC compromise_NN1 equates_VVZ to_II a_AT1 '_NULL loss_NN1 '_NULL for_IF itself_PPX1 and_CC an_AT1 equivalent_JJ '_NULL gain_NN1 '_NULL for_IF the_AT respective_JJ opponent_NN1 ,_, the_AT current_JJ status_NN121 quo_NN122 is_VBZ each_DD1 side_NN1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 second-best_JJT and_CC currently_RR sole_JJ achievable_JJ outcome_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
This_DD1 long_JJ tradition_NN1 ,_, no_RR21 doubt_RR22 ,_, has_VHZ its_APPGE roots_NN2 in_II the_AT imperial_JJ model_NN1 that_CST Russia_NP1 historically_RR pursued_VVN ._. 
</s>
<s>
We_PPIS2 utilised_VVD New_NP1 Zealand_NP1 Department_NN1 of_IO Internal_JJ Affair_NN1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 (_( DIA_NN1 )_) candidate_NN1 political_JJ affiliation_NN1 data_NN –_- one_MC1 election_NN1 preamalgamation_NN1 (_( 2007_MC )_) ,_, and_CC three_MC elections_NN2 post-amalgamation_NN1 (_( 2010_MC ,_, 2013_MC and_CC 2016_MC )_) ,_, along_II21 with_II22 Auckland_NP1 local_JJ government_NN1 election_NN1 statistics_NN and_CC booklets_NN2 ,_, comprising_VVG candidates_NN2 '_NULL self-described_JJ affiliation_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Others_NN2 have_VH0 done_VDN so_RG indirectly_RR through_II state_NN1 activities_NN2 funded_VVN with_IW ground-rent_NN1 appropriated_VVD through_II commodity-trade_JJ taxes_NN2 or_CC monopoly_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Another_DD1 popular_JJ reform_NN1 is_VBZ the_AT "_" negative_JJ list_NN1 "_" that_CST refers_VVZ to_II the_AT economic_JJ sectors_NN2 that_CST are_VBR strategically_RR closed_VVN to_II foreign_JJ investment_NN1 (_( X._NP1 Li_NP1 ,_, 2015_MC ,_, p._NN1 267_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Within_II such_DA groups_NN2 ,_, donation_NN1 only_RR occurs_VVZ between_II agents_NN2 sharing_VVG the_AT same_DA ethnicity_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
According_II21 to_II22 Abizadeh_NP1 ,_, there_EX is_VBZ variation_NN1 among_II members_NN2 of_IO culture_NN1 as_II21 to_II22 their_APPGE formative_JJ processes_NN2 ,_, just_RR as_CSA there_EX is_VBZ great_JJ variation_NN1 in_II their_APPGE substantive_JJ beliefs_NN2 ,_, values_NN2 ,_, and_CC practices_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Finally_RR ,_, coalition_NN1 governments_NN2 do_VD0 occur_VVI in_II Africa_NP1 (_( Oyugi_NP1 ,_, 2006_MC )_) and_CC ,_, indeed_RR ,_, seem_VV0 to_TO be_VBI becoming_VVG more_RGR common_JJ over_II time_NNT1 (_( Kadima_NP1 ,_, 2014_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
This_DD1 ample_JJ cate_NN1 gory_JJ covers_NN2 non-bank_JJ institutions_NN2 that_CST are_VBR important_JJ vehi_NN2 cles_NN2 of_IO financial_JJ inclusion_NN1 in_II developing_JJ countries_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
And_CC merum_NN1 et_NP1 mixtum_NN1 imperium_NN1 ,_, as_CSA an_AT1 expression_NN1 ,_, had_VHD increasingly_RR come_VVN to_TO signify_VVI the_AT holding_NN1 of_IO full_JJ rights_NN2 within_II a_AT1 territory_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
This_DD1 endeavor_NN1 becomes_VVZ clear_JJ if_CS one_PN1 compares_VVZ the_AT film_NN1 to_II the_AT original_JJ story_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
His_APPGE dependence_NN1 corruption_NN1 appeals_NN2 to_II the_AT US_NP1 Constitution_NN1 ,_, at_RR21 least_RR22 what_DDQ he_PPHS1 assumes_VVZ is_VBZ a_AT1 widely_RR shared_JJ interpretation_NN1 of_IO it_PPH1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
As_CS31 long_CS32 as_CS33 mainstream_JJ parties_NN2 follow_VV0 a_AT1 strategy_NN1 of_IO convergence_NN1 on_II the_AT median_JJ voter_NN1 ,_, they_PPHS2 will_VM continue_VVI to_TO lose_VVI votes_NN2 ,_, and_CC new_JJ parties_NN2 on_II the_AT fringes_NN2 may_VM continue_VVI to_TO develop_VVI and_CC attract_VVI voters_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Indeed_RR ,_, the_AT passage_NN1 from_II Volume_NN1 3_MC has_VHZ proven_VVN to_TO be_VBI controversial_JJ for_IF Marxist_JJ scholars_NN2 who_PNQS take_VV0 the_AT Hegelian_JJ path_NN1 which_DDQ seeks_VVZ to_TO merge_VVI leisure_NN1 with_IW work_NN1 in_II the_AT name_NN1 of_IO overcoming_VVG the_AT conditions_NN2 which_DDQ make_VV0 alienation_NN1 possible_JJ (_( Fromm_NP1 ,_, 1961_MC ;_; Mies_NP2 ,_, 1986_MC ;_; Sayers_NP1 ,_, 1998_MC ,_, 2002_MC ;_; Hinman_NP1 ,_, 1978_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Moving_VVG farther_RRR ,_, we_PPIS2 find_VV0 that_CST ,_, when_CS the_AT uncertainty_NN1 about_II the_AT alternatives_NN2 to_TO be_VBI voted_VVN over_RP satisfies_VVZ a_AT1 symmetry_NN1 property_NN1 ,_, voters_NN2 always_RR have_VH0 a_AT1 preference_NN1 for_IF a_AT1 more_RGR extreme_JJ candidate_NN1 over_II a_AT1 more_RGR moderate_JJ one_PN1 ,_, holding_VVG the_AT degree_NN1 of_IO divergence_NN1 from_II the_AT voter_NN1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 ideal_JJ platform_NN1 constant_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
ICANN_VV0 '_NULL s_ZZ1 ultimate_JJ authority_NN1 stemmed_VVD from_II a_AT1 contract_NN1 with_IW the_AT Department_NN1 of_IO Commerce_NN1 ,_, which_DDQ provided_VVD the_AT U.S._NP1 government_NN1 with_IW a_AT1 controversial_JJ implicit_JJ veto_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT FET_NN1 principle_NN1 was_VBDZ articulated_VVN in_II normative_JJ initiatives_NN2 of_IO international_JJ institutions_NN2 and_CC awards_NN2 of_IO international_JJ tribunals_NN2 ,_, amidst_II prevailing_JJ power_NN1 dynamics_NN ,_, and_CC goes_VVZ to_TO defend_VVI the_AT short-term_JJ interests_NN2 of_IO global_JJ capital_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
These_DD2 pressures_NN2 could_VM have_VHI been_VBN a_AT1 basis_NN1 for_IF grand_JJ strategic_JJ revision_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Therefore_RR ,_, if_CS North_NP1 Korea_NP1 were_VBDR to_TO irreversibly_RR give_VVI up_RP that_DD1 capability_NN1 in_II exchange_NN1 for_IF written_JJ commitments_NN2 by_II the_AT United_NP1 States_NP1 to_TO sustain_VVI a_AT1 normalized_JJ relationship_NN1 in_II the_AT future_NN1 ,_, the_AT regime_NN1 could_VM not_XX expect_VVI the_AT U.S._NP1 government_NN1 to_TO follow_VVI through_RP on_II those_DD2 commitments_NN2 once_CS it_PPH1 had_VHD given_VVN up_RP its_APPGE only_JJ source_NN1 of_IO bargaining_NN1 leverage_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Evidence_NN1 from_II the_AT Catatumbo_NN1 region_NN1 demonstrates_VVZ that_CST shared_JJ values_NN2 between_II the_AT FARC_NP1 ,_, the_AT ELN_NP1 ,_, the_AT EPL_NN1 ,_, and_CC rightwing_JJ groups_NN2 in_II31 charge_II32 of_II33 the_AT production_NN1 steps_NN2 on_II the_AT one_MC1 hand_NN1 ,_, and_CC a_AT1 powerful_JJ broker_NN1 on_II the_AT other_JJ ,_, make_VV0 such_DA arrangements_NN2 possible_JJ ,_, even_CS21 if_CS22 these_DD2 groups_NN2 are_VBR ideologically_RR opposed_VVN and_CC fight_VV0 each_PPX221 other_PPX222 elsewhere_RL ._. 
</s>
<s>
Second_MD ,_, the_AT leaders_NN2 '_NULL repeated_VVD focus_NN1 on_II formal_JJ electoral_JJ politics_NN1 made_VVD it_PPH1 more_RGR difficult_JJ for_IF the_AT key_JJ SMOs_NN2 to_TO maintain_VVI cooperative_JJ ties_NN2 and_CC increased_JJ public_JJ apathy_NN1 toward_II political_JJ and_CC street_NN1 activism_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Such_DA suits_NN2 are_VBR often_RR initiated_VVN by_II private_JJ parties_NN2 seeking_VVG to_TO adjudicate_VVI international_JJ law_NN1 claims_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT empirical_JJ implication_NN1 is_VBZ that_DD1 inequality_NN1 is_VBZ associated_VVN with_IW more_RGR polarized_JJ preferences_NN2 and_CC more_RGR popular_JJ support_NN1 for_IF redistribution_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
By_II alienating_JJ American_JJ friends_NN2 and_CC allies_NN2 through_II its_APPGE pursuit_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 unilateral_JJ approach_NN1 ,_, the_AT United_NP1 States_NP1 is_VBZ also_RR ,_, paradoxically_RR ,_, currently_RR ensuring_VVG that_CST the_AT global_JJ health_NN1 system_NN1 will_VM most_RGT likely_RR be_VBI reorganized_VVN to_TO meet_VVI the_AT needs_NN2 of_IO other_JJ states_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Furthermore_RR ,_, we_PPIS2 argue_VV0 that_DD1 status_NN1 hierarchies_NN2 play_VV0 an_AT1 important_JJ role_NN1 in_II how_RRQ East_NP1 Europeans_NN2 imagine_VV0 their_APPGE economic_JJ lives_NN2 ,_, and_CC therefore_RR we_PPIS2 examine_VV0 differences_NN2 across_II class_NN1 and_CC national_JJ or_CC ethnic_JJ identification_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT results_NN2 suggest_VV0 that_CST especially_RR district_NN1 incentives_NN2 are_VBR positive_JJ predictors_NN2 for_IF membership_NN1 in_II the_AT different_JJ assemblies_NN2 ,_, whereas_CS variance_NN1 in_II membership_NN1 can_VM hardly_RR be_VBI explained_VVN by_II party-level_JJ factors_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
A_AT1 colorful_JJ character_NN1 and_CC massage_VV0 parlor_NN1 owner_NN1 ,_, Chuwit_NP1 focused_VVD on_II promoting_VVG his_APPGE personal_JJ image_NN1 ,_, hoping_VVG to_TO win_VVI election_NN1 by_II picking_VVG up_RP a_AT1 sprinkling_NN1 of_IO party-list_JJ votes_NN2 across_II the_AT country_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Second_MD ,_, because_CS "_" more_DAR participation_NN1 does_VDZ not_XX necessarily_RR mean_VVI more_DAR democracy_NN1 "_" (_( Wilson_NP1 ,_, 1999_MC ,_, p._NN1 258_MC )_) ,_, and_CC grounding_VVG our_APPGE evaluation_NN1 of_IO the_AT success_NN1 of_IO e-petitions_NN2 merely_RR on_II quantifiable_JJ indicators_NN2 (_( number_NN1 of_IO signatures_NN2 ,_, number_NN1 of_IO tweets_NN2 )_) fails_VVZ to_TO capture_VVI the_AT key_JJ issue_NN1 of_IO whether_CSW it_PPH1 actually_RR achieved_VVN its_APPGE aim_NN1 of_IO deepening_JJ engagement_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
For_REX21 example_REX22 ,_, in_II situations_NN2 where_RRQ conventional_JJ fisheries_NN2 management_NN1 tools_NN2 such_II21 as_II22 catch_NN1 controls_NN2 are_VBR not_XX applicable_JJ ,_, spatial_JJ protection_NN1 might_VM be_VBI the_AT easiest_JJT ,_, cheapest_JJT and_CC most_RGT effective_JJ means_NN to_TO achieve_VVI similar_JJ benefits_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Trump_VV0 '_NULL s_ZZ1 successor_NN1 might_VM attempt_VVI to_TO restore_VVI the_AT guardrails_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Domestic_JJ conflict_NN1 is_VBZ positively_RR associated_VVN with_IW Chinese_JJ aid_NN1 to_II Africa_NP1 ,_, although_CS it_PPH1 only_RR achieves_VVZ statis_NN1 tical_JJ significance_NN1 in_II the_AT TSCS_NP1 model_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT US_NP1 House_NN1 of_IO Representatives_NN2 has_VHZ adopted_VVN a_AT1 strict_JJ model_NN1 ,_, whereas_CS the_AT rules_NN2 applied_VVN by_II the_AT UK_NP1 House_NN1 of_IO Commons_NP constitute_VV0 a_AT1 moderate_JJ model_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
In_II Latin_JJ America_NP1 ,_, social_JJ expenditures_NN2 historically_RR have_VH0 done_VDN little_DA1 to_TO aid_VVI the_AT poor_JJ ._. 
</s>
<s>
Where_CS the_AT complexity_NN1 of_IO electoral_JJ manipulation_NN1 is_VBZ high_JJ ,_, opposition_NN1 forces_NN2 are_VBR demobilized_VVN ._. 
</s>
<s>
Approximately_RR half_DB of_IO respondents_NN2 agreed_VVD that_CST hard_JJ work_NN1 was_VBDZ important_JJ in_II 1989_MC ,_, compared_VVN to_II only_RR a_AT1 good_JJ third_MD in_II 2006_MC (_( Table_NN1 5_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
When_RRQ norms_NN2 are_VBR vague_JJ ,_, therefore_RR ,_, we_PPIS2 should_VM expect_VVI to_TO see_VVI behavioural_JJ contestation_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
As_CSA suggested_VVN by_II Bühlmann_NP1 and_CC Kunz_NP1 (_( 2011_MC :_: 318_MC )_) ,_, low_JJ levels_NN2 of_IO public_JJ confidence_NN1 in_II the_AT judiciary_NN1 can_VM cause_VVI important_JJ problems_NN2 for_IF a_AT1 democracy_NN1 ,_, since_CS it_PPH1 reduces_VVZ the_AT political_JJ capital_NN1 that_CST judicial_JJ organs_NN2 need_VV0 to_TO control_VVI the_AT political_JJ branches_NN2 of_IO government_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT success_NN1 of_IO that_DD1 model_NN1 in_II burying_VVG totalitarianism_NN1 and_CC favoring_VVG economic_JJ growth_NN1 for_IF several_DA2 decades_NNT2 has_VHZ run_VVN the_AT risk_NN1 of_IO freezing_JJ it_PPH1 into_II an_AT1 eternalized_JJ scheme_NN1 that_CST works_VVZ as_II a_AT1 cagewhether_VV0 it_PPH1 serves_VVZ the_AT interests_NN2 of_IO genuine_JJ democrats_NN2 ,_, who_PNQS think_VV0 that_CST this_DD1 is_VBZ the_AT only_JJ model_NN1 that_CST can_VM make_VVI participation_NN1 secure_JJ and_CC capable_JJ of_IO delivering_VVG effective_JJ decisions_NN2 ,_, or_CC whether_CSW it_PPH1 serves_VVZ the_AT interests_NN2 of_IO democracy_NN1 skeptics_NN2 ,_, who_PNQS think_VV0 that_CST it_PPH1 simply_RR gives_VVZ citizens_NN2 the_AT illusion_NN1 of_IO ruling_NN1 while_CS legitimizing_VVG the_AT power_NN1 of_IO an_AT1 elite_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Given_VVN their_APPGE affirmation_NN1 of_IO Hegel_NP1 ,_, in_RR21 short_RR22 ,_, Worrell_NP1 and_CC Krier_NN1 can_VM not_XX coherently_RR reject_VVI Marx_NP1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 project_VV0 a_JJ21 priori_JJ22 on_II Lacanian_JJ grounds_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
First_MD ,_, a_AT1 large_JJ positive_JJ slope_NN1 in_II the_AT rightmost_JJ panel_NN1 of_IO Figure_NN1 1_MC1 is_VBZ not_XX necessarily_RR better_RRR than_CSN a_AT1 smaller_JJR positive_JJ slope_NN1 ,_, but_CCB flat_JJ or_CC negative_JJ slopes_NN2 are_VBR unambiguously_RR worse_JJR because_CS they_PPHS2 do_VD0 not_XX reflect_VVI the_AT rewards_NN2 or_CC sanctions_NN2 put_VVN in_II place_NN1 by_II voters_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
These_DD2 tactics_NN2 may_VM backfire_VVI ,_, as_CSA in_II the_AT case_NN1 of_IO Colombia_NP1 ,_, but_CCB such_DA an_AT1 outcome_NN1 is_VBZ conditional_JJ on_II the_AT extent_NN1 to_II which_DDQ justices_NN2 '_NULL interests_NN2 ,_, ideas_NN2 ,_, and_CC alliances_NN2 reinforce_VV0 assertiveness_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
In_II that_DD1 tradition_NN1 ,_, the_AT institutional_JJ development_NN1 of_IO international_JJ politics_NN1 in_II Latin_JJ America_NP1 is_VBZ described_VVN in_II two_MC stages_NN2 :_: firstly_RR ,_, the_AT transoceanic_JJ expansion_NN1 of_IO the_AT European_JJ international_JJ system_NN1 in_II the_AT fifteenth_MD century_NNT1 ,_, when_CS the_AT region_NN1 becomes_VVZ engulfed_JJ in_II the_AT network_NN1 of_IO strategic_JJ connec_NN1 tions_NN2 of_IO European_JJ empires_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
We_PPIS2 '_NULL ve_VV0 got_VVN a_AT1 plan_NN1 ,_, which_DDQ is_VBZ to_TO build_VVI up_RP the_AT Iraqi_JJ army_NN1 and_CC get_VVI out_II21 of_II22 there_RL ._. "_" 
</s>
<s>
One_PN1 can_VM not_XX read_VVI King_NN1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 late_JJ writings_NN2 without_IW reckoning_VVG with_IW the_AT questions_NN2 that_CST loom_VV0 over_RP every_AT1 page_NN1 :_: Will_NP1 nonviolence_NN1 survive_VV0 the_AT white_JJ refusal_NN1 to_TO take_VVI responsibility_NN1 for_IF injustice_NN1 ?_? 
</s>
<s>
The_AT key_JJ question_NN1 is_VBZ thus_RR to_TO identify_VVI the_AT conditions_NN2 under_II which_DDQ rulers_NN2 choose_VV0 to_TO promote_VVI more_RGR competent_JJ but_CCB potentially_RR disloyal_JJ officials_NN2 rather_II21 than_II22 loyal_JJ but_CCB incompetent_JJ officials_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
However_RR ,_, as_CSA Wolff_NP1 readily_RR admits_VVZ (_( §§823_FO ,_, 891_MC )_) ,_, it_PPH1 is_VBZ by_RR31 no_RR32 means_RR33 clear_VV0 that_CST one_MC1 side_NN1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 mere_JJ opinion_NN1 about_II justice_NN1 could_VM equalize_VVI the_AT parties_NN2 at_II war_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT first_MD step_NN1 in_II our_APPGE empirical_JJ investigation_NN1 was_VBDZ the_AT collection_NN1 of_IO original_JJ data_NN on_II the_AT signing_NN1 of_IO bilateral_JJ MLATs_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
It_PPH1 forwards_VVZ a_AT1 re-interpretation_NN1 that_CST focuses_VVZ on_II the_AT distributional_JJ contest_NN1 underpinning_VVG levy_NN1 mobilisation_NN1 ,_, including_II the_AT types_NN2 of_IO state-engineered_JJ privileges_NN2 contested_VVD ,_, and_CC how_RRQ access_NN1 to_II these_DD2 were_VBDR politically_RR determined_VVN and_CC regulated_VVN during_II and_CC after_CS the_AT Marcos_NP1 period_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Therefore_RR ,_, both_RR Washington_NP1 '_NULL and_CC Beijing_NP1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 interests_NN2 in_II cyberspace_NN1 don_NN1 '_NULL t_ZZ1 seem_VV0 reconcilable_JJ in_II the_AT near_JJ term_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
In_II Zimbabwe_NP1 ,_, President_NNB Mugabe_NP1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 authoritarian_JJ regime_NN1 proved_VVD remarkably_RR resistant_JJ to_II Wes_NP1 tern_NN1 pressure_NN1 to_TO democratize_VVI ._. 
</s>
<s>
A_AT1 number_NN1 of_IO changes_NN2 in_II the_AT regulatory_JJ framework_NN1 concerning_II online_JJ video_NN1 services_NN2 draws_VVZ our_APPGE attention_NN1 :_: revised_JJ rules_NN2 extend_VV0 to_II video-sharing_JJ platform_NN1 services_NN2 and_CC social_JJ media_NN services_NN2 such_II21 as_II22 YouTube_NP1 and_CC Facebook_NP1 ,_, which_DDQ used_VMK to_TO be_VBI beyond_II the_AT scope_NN1 of_IO the_AT AVMSD_NN1 ;_; mini_JJ mum_NN1 content_NN1 quota_NN1 of_IO 30_MC percent_NNU imposed_VVN on_II Internet_NP1 based_VVD VOD_NP1 services_NN2 (_( Official_JJ Journal_NN1 of_IO the_AT European_JJ Union_NN1 ,_, 2018_MC )_) (_( see_VV0 Figure_NN1 1_MC1 )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Unlike_JJ activist_NN1 organizations_NN2 ,_, IOs_NN2 enjoy_VV0 greater_JJR resources_NN2 to_TO exercise_VVI political_JJ leverage_NN1 and_CC benefit_VVI from_II an_AT1 official_JJ mandate_NN1 for_IF action_NN1 in_II a_AT1 specified_JJ policy_NN1 domain_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
One_MC1 of_IO the_AT central_JJ contributions_NN2 of_IO our_APPGE assessment_NN1 is_VBZ to_TO demonstrate_VVI that_DD1 what_DDQ existing_JJ scholarship_NN1 commonly_RR conceives_VVZ of_IO as_RG institutional_JJ conflictthe_NN1 legislature_NN1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 goal_NN1 of_IO limiting_VVG the_AT judiciary_NN1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 aggressive_JJ use_NN1 of_IO powerhas_NN2 little_JJ effect_NN1 on_II Court_NN1 curbing_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
This_DD1 is_VBZ the_AT case_NN1 for_IF much_DA1 micro-level_JJ data_NN collected_VVN on_II individual_JJ conflicts_NN2 ,_, including_II Chechnya_NP1 (_( Lyall_NP1 ,_, 2009_MC )_) ,_, Colombia_NP1 (_( Albertus_NP1 &;_NULL Kaplan_NP1 ,_, 2012_MC )_) ,_, Pakistan_NP1 (_( Bueno_FW de_FW Mesquita_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2015_MC )_) ,_, Palestine_NP1 (_( Benmelech_NP1 ,_, Berrebi_NP1 &;_NULL Klor_NP1 ,_, 2015_MC )_) ,_, the_AT Philippines_NP2 (_( Berman_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2011_MC ;_; Crost_NP1 ,_, Felter_NP1 &;_NULL Johnston_NP1 ,_, 2014_MC )_) ,_, Spain_NP1 (_( Balcells_NP2 ,_, 2010_MC )_) ,_, Ukraine_NP1 (_( Zhukov_NP1 ,_, 2015_MC )_) ,_, and_CC Vietnam_NP1 (_( Kocher_NP1 ,_, Pepinsky_NP1 &;_NULL Kalyvas_NP2 ,_, 2011_MC ;_; Douglass_NP1 ,_, 2016_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Still_RR ,_, even_CS21 if_CS22 soldiers_NN2 doubt_VV0 these_DD2 public_JJ justifications_NN2 ,_, their_APPGE fear_NN1 of_IO losing_VVG the_AT financial_JJ allowances_NN2 and_CC other_JJ benefits_NN2 they_PPHS2 often_RR receive_VV0 by_II deploying_VVG abroad_RL compel_VV0 them_PPHO2 to_TO act_VVI to_II the_AT best_JJT of_IO their_APPGE abilities_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Failing_VVG to_TO pass_VVI the_AT parliamentary_JJ threshold_NN1 ,_, the_AT revolting_JJ radical_JJ left_JJ wing_NN1 fell_VVD from_II executive_NN1 power_NN1 outside_II the_AT parliament_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Our_APPGE puzzle_NN1 in_II effect_NN1 ,_, how_RRQ reputations_NN2 are_VBR affected_VVN by_II a_AT1 "_" break_NN1 with_IW the_AT past_NN1 "_" is_VBZ also_RR critical_JJ to_II resolving_VVG the_AT well-known_JJ theoretical_JJ puzzle_NN1 of_IO whether_CSW reputations_NN2 "_" matter_VV0 "_" since_CS it_PPH1 gives_VVZ scholars_NN2 insight_NN1 as_II21 to_II22 where_RRQ to_TO look_VVI for_IF the_AT effects_NN2 of_IO reputation_NN1 ,_, as_II31 well_II32 as_II33 where_RRQ they_PPHS2 are_VBR likely_JJ to_TO find_VVI null_JJ results_NN2 even_CS21 when_CS22 reputations_NN2 do_VD0 ,_, in_II fact_NN1 ,_, matter_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
From_II different_JJ perspectives_NN2 and_CC with_IW distinct_JJ thematic_JJ scopes_NN2 ,_, Hindess_NP1 ,_, Dean_NP1 ,_, as_II31 well_II32 as_II33 Dillon_NP1 and_CC Reid_NP1 ,_, on_II the_AT one_MC1 hand_NN1 ,_, remind_VV0 us_PPIO2 to_TO be_VBI cautious_JJ not_XX to_TO "_" give_VVI lib_NN1 eral_JJ political_JJ reason_NN1 far_RR too_RG good_JJ a_AT1 press_NN1 "_" (_( Hindess_NP1 2001_MC ,_, 94_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
However_RR ,_, a_AT1 high_JJ degree_NN1 of_IO rising_VVG power_NN1 dissatisfaction_NN1 is_VBZ a_AT1 necessary_JJ condition_NN1 for_IF hegemonic_JJ conflict_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Melancton_NP1 Smith_NP1 observed_VVD in_II New_NP1 York_NP1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 ratifying_JJ convention_NN1 ,_, Challenges_NN2 to_II their_APPGE ownership_NN1 on_II the_AT competence_NN1 dimension_NN1 ,_, however_RR ,_, represent_VV0 a_AT1 significant_JJ threat_NN1 to_II parties_NN2 '_NULL electoral_JJ fortunes_NN2 ,_, because_CS they_PPHS2 often_RR rely_VV0 on_II core_NN1 electorates_NN2 that_CST look_VV0 for_IF clear_JJ policy_NN1 programmes_NN2 -_- that_REX21 is_REX22 ,_, a_AT1 party_NN1 providing_VVG strong_JJ programmatic_JJ linkages_NN2 (_( Kitschelt_NP1 2000_MC ;_; Lawson_NP1 1980_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
So_RR ,_, in_II turn_NN1 ,_, was_VBDZ a_AT1 set_NN1 of_IO new_JJ issues_NN2 and_CC of_IO more_RGR extreme_JJ ideological_JJ positions_NN2 on_II them_PPHO2 ,_, since_CS this_DD1 was_VBDZ the_AT combination_NN1 most_RGT conducive_JJ to_II generating_VVG the_AT autonomous_JJ activism_NN1 necessary_JJ to_TO make_VVI such_DA a_AT1 party_NN1 system_NN1 function_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
They_PPHS2 contested_VVD all_DB 21_MC wards_NN2 ,_, winning_VVG none_PN but_CCB securing_VVG about_RG 8_MC percent_NNU of_IO the_AT vote_NN1 ,_, sufficient_JJ to_TO be_VBI allocated_VVN three_MC of_IO the_AT proportional_JJ representation_NN1 council_NN1 seats_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
From_II the_AT Soviet_JJ collapse_NN1 until_II 2010_MC ,_, most_DAT instances_NN2 of_IO restitution_NN1 depended_VVN on_II the_AT personal_JJ relations_NN2 between_II the_AT ROC_NN1 hierarchy_NN1 and_CC the_AT political_JJ elite_NN1 ,_, as_CSA ultimately_RR indicated_VVN by_II the_AT cases_NN2 of_IO the_AT Danilov_NP1 monastery_NN1 and_CC the_AT Cathedral_NN1 Christ_NP1 the_AT Saviour_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
We_PPIS2 hypothesize_VV0 that_CST a_AT1 case_NN1 that_CST affects_VVZ the_AT interests_NN2 of_IO a_AT1 group_NN1 of_IO people_NN tends_VVZ to_TO be_VBI solved_VVN ,_, because_CS the_AT threat_NN1 of_IO action_NN1 by_II a_AT1 group_NN1 of_IO people_NN is_VBZ more_RGR severe_JJ than_CSN the_AT threat_NN1 posed_VVN by_II an_AT1 individual_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
This_DD1 conclusion_NN1 would_VM not_XX require_VVI us_PPIO2 to_TO abandon_VVI every_AT1 individual_JJ insight_NN1 proposed_VVN by_II Hayek_NP1 and_CC his_APPGE interlocutors_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT European_JJ Union_NN1 ,_, on_II the_AT other_JJ hand_NN1 ,_, is_VBZ pursuing_VVG alternative_JJ solutions_NN2 to_II its_APPGE natural_JJ gas_NN1 problem_NN1 that_CST involve_VV0 developing_VVG LNG_NP1 processing_NN1 capacity_NN1 ,_, creating_VVG a_AT1 unified_JJ energy_NN1 market_NN1 in_II Europe_NP1 ,_, liberalizing_VVG energy_NN1 regulations_NN2 ,_, conserving_VVG energy_NN1 ,_, and_CC developing_JJ clean_JJ energy_NN1 sources_NN2 (_( Austvik_NP1 2016_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Following_VVG this_DD1 unpacking_NN1 of_IO experimentation_NN1 ,_, the_AT second_MD point_NN1 we_PPIS2 would_VM like_VVI to_TO emphasise_VVI is_VBZ that_DD1 city_NN1 networks_NN2 are_VBR central_JJ to_II urban_JJ experimentation_NN1 and_CC should_VM thus_RR form_VVI an_AT1 integral_JJ part_NN1 of_IO the_AT research_NN1 agenda_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Moreover_RR ,_, a_AT1 recent_JJ survey_NN1 shows_VVZ that_CST many_DA2 legislators_NN2 and_CC their_APPGE staffs_NN2 believe_VV0 that_CST the_AT PNM_NP1 is_VBZ effective_JJ to_TO resolve_VVI disputes_NN2 in_II the_AT LY_NP1 (_( Sheng_NP1 and_CC Huang_NP1 ,_, 2017_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
On_II a_AT1 variety_NN1 of_IO occasions_NN2 after_II the_AT famine_NN1 occurred_VVD ,_, leaders_NN2 of_IO the_AT CPC_NP1 and_CC central_JJ government_NN1 also_RR explicitly_RR acknowledged_VVD the_AT mistakes_NN2 in_II their_APPGE work_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
In_II other_JJ words_NN2 ,_, in_II multiparty_JJ contexts_NN2 ,_, citizens_NN2 appear_VV0 to_TO behave_VVI exactly_RR as_CSA we_PPIS2 would_VM expectthe_VVI more_RRR they_PPHS2 approve_VV0 of_IO the_AT incumbent_NN1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 performance_NN1 in_II a_AT1 certain_JJ issue_NN1 area_NN1 ,_, whether_CSW it_PPH1 is_VBZ the_AT economy_NN1 ,_, crime_NN1 ,_, or_CC health_NN1 care_NN1 ,_, the_AT more_RGR likely_JJ they_PPHS2 will_VM be_VBI to_TO express_VVI their_APPGE electoral_JJ support_NN1 for_IF the_AT incumbent_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Second_MD ,_, even_CS21 when_CS22 pollsters_NN2 can_VM ask_VVI questions_NN2 ,_, the_AT task_NN1 of_IO interpreting_VVG responseshardly_RR straightforward_JJ in_II democraciesis_NN1 even_RR more_RGR complicated_JJ in_II authoritarian_JJ settings_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT agree_VV0 ment_NN1 states_NN2 ,_, specifically_RR ,_, that_CST parties_NN2 should_VM '_NULL pursue_VVI efforts_NN2 ,_, to_TO limit_VVI global_JJ temperature_NN1 rise_NN1 to_II 1.5°C_FO above_II pre-industrial_JJ levels_NN2 ,_, partly_RR in_II recognition_NN1 of_IO the_AT fact_NN1 that_CST meeting_VVG such_DA a_AT1 target_NN1 would_VM help_VVI to_TO '_NULL significantly_RR reduce_VVI the_AT impacts_NN2 and_CC risks_NN2 of_IO climate_NN1 change_NN1 '_NULL ,_, particularly_RR for_IF small_JJ island_NN1 develop_VV0 ing_VVG states_NN2 (_( UNFCCC_NP1 2015_MC ,_, Article_NN1 2_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
Without_IW in-depth_JJ research_NN1 on_II the_AT aims_NN2 ,_, implementation_NN1 and_CC outcomes_NN2 of_IO specific_JJ programmes_NN2 ,_, assessing_VVG the_AT impact_NN1 of_IO programme_NN1 design_NN1 and_CC management_NN1 on_II key_JJ outcomes_NN2 is_VBZ all_RR21 but_RR22 impos_NN2 sible_JJ ._. 
</s>
<s>
Some_DD districts_NN2 have_VH0 lower_JJR levels_NN2 of_IO public_NN1 and_CC private_JJ resources_NN2 than_CSN others_NN2 ,_, which_DDQ can_VM create_VVI feelings_NN2 of_IO relative_JJ deprivation_NN1 among_II citizens_NN2 in_II those_DD2 districts_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
An_AT1 implicit_JJ assumption_NN1 in_II each_DD1 of_IO the_AT rival_JJ theories_NN2 is_VBZ that_DD1 career_NN1 and_CC non-career_JJ politicians_NN2 ,_, on_II average_NN1 ,_, incur_VV0 the_AT same_DA ideological_JJ costs_NN2 (_( or_CC benefits_NN2 )_) in_II their_APPGE legislative_JJ vote_NN1 choices_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT concerns_NN2 of_IO indiscriminate_JJ recruitment_NN1 were_VBDR common_JJ to_II all_DB communist_JJ parties_NN2 operating_VVG in_II the_AT Western_JJ Hemisphere_NN1 at_II this_DD1 time_NNT1 ;_; however_RR ,_, evidence_NN1 shows_VVZ that_CST they_PPHS2 were_VBDR interpreted_VVN and_CC dealt_VVN with_IW in_II very_RG different_JJ ways_NN2 in_II the_AT PCF_NP1 and_CC PCI_NP1 organizations_NN2 at_II issue_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Splits_NN2 emerge_VV0 among_II the_AT land-lost_JJ farmers_NN2 :_: some_DD have_VH0 a_AT1 determined_JJ attitude_NN1 and_CC insist_VV0 on_II staying_VVG in_II Beijing_NP1 until_CS there_EX is_VBZ a_AT1 definite_JJ opinion_NN1 concerning_II the_AT treatment_NN1 of_IO their_APPGE appeal_NN1 ;_; however_RR ,_, more_DAR advocate_NN1 going_VVG back_RP home_RL to_TO wait_VVI ._. 
</s>
<s>
Instead_RR ,_, the_AT candidate_NN1 will_VM choose_VVI a_AT1 position_NN1 that_CST trades_NN2 off_II some_DD probability_NN1 of_IO winning_VVG against_II potential_JJ policy_NN1 gains_NN2 obtained_VVN from_II choosing_VVG a_AT1 position_NN1 closer_RRR to_II his_APPGE or_CC her_APPGE own_DA ideal_JJ point_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
First_MD ,_, major_JJ IOs_NN2 can_VM not_XX rely_VVI on_II a_AT1 permissive_JJ elite_NN1 consensus_NN1 on_II global_JJ governance_NN1 and_CC its_APPGE normative_JJ foundations_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
There_EX are_VBR also_RR cases_NN2 of_IO local_JJ political-business_JJ alliances_NN2 being_VBG formed_VVN in_BCL21 order_BCL22 to_TO defy_VVI central_JJ government_NN1 rules_NN2 ,_, with_IW collusion_NN1 leading_VVG to_II systematic_JJ abuses_NN2 of_IO power_NN1 that_CST can_VM damage_VVI the_AT environment_NN1 (_( coal_NN1 mining_NN1 being_VBG a_AT1 common_JJ case_NN1 )_) and_CC undermine_VV0 public_JJ confidence_NN1 in_II the_AT CCP_NP1 by_II rendering_VVG local_JJ people_NN powerless_JJ in_II their_APPGE struggle_NN1 for_IF better_JJR living_NN1 or_CC working_VVG conditions_NN2 (_( Zhou_NP1 ,_, 2010_MC ,_, p._NN1 49_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
That_DD1 makes_VVZ it_PPH1 necessary_JJ to_TO communicate_VVI not_XX only_RR with_IW Turkic-speaking_JJ communities_NN2 including_II the_AT Uyghurs_NN2 ,_, Kazakhs_NN2 ,_, and_CC Kyrgyz_NP1 in_II western_JJ China_NN1 but_CCB also_RR with_IW Chinese_JJ authorities_NN2 on_II the_AT other_JJ side_NN1 of_IO the_AT border_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
He_PPHS1 must_VM take_VVI care_NN1 that_CST every_AT1 political_JJ act_NN1 ,_, each_DD1 form_NN1 of_IO political_JJ practice_NN1 ,_, intervenes_VVZ and_CC resonates_VVZ as_II a_AT1 matter_JJ31 of_JJ32 fact_JJ33 in_II the_AT element_NN1 of_IO this_DD1 ideology_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT American_JJ model_NN1 of_IO adversarial_JJ legalism_NN1 also_RR came_VVD directly_RR to_II the_AT region_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Since_CS the_AT dawn_NNT1 of_IO class_NN1 society_NN1 ,_, the_AT poor_JJ and_CC oppressed_JJ had_VHD struggled_VVN against_II their_APPGE oppressors_NN2 ,_, but_CCB they_PPHS2 rarely_RR found_VVN leaders_NN2 and_CC forms_NN2 of_IO struggle_NN1 that_CST relieved_VVN their_APPGE misery_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Small_JJ preelection_NN1 investments_NN2 in_II local_JJ public_JJ goods_NN2 and_CC promises_NN2 of_IO a_AT1 sustained_JJ increase_NN1 in_II spending_VVG on_II those_DD2 goods_NN2 are_VBR insufficient_JJ to_TO credibly_RR signal_VVI congruence_NN1 because_CS the_AT temptation_NN1 to_TO renege_VVI on_II those_DD2 promises_NN2 is_VBZ high_JJ for_IF both_DB2 incumbents_NN2 that_CST are_VBR impartial_JJ or_CC biased_JJ against_II the_AT group_NN1 ._. 
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When_CS campaigning_VVG ,_, for_REX21 example_REX22 ,_, Trump_NN1 had_VHD vowed_VVN to_TO restore_VVI a_AT1 domestic_JJ American_JJ manufacturing_NN1 capacity_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
A_AT1 domestic_JJ spillover_NN1 assessment_NN1 provides_VVZ a_AT1 reading_NN1 of_IO the_AT degree_NN1 to_II which_DDQ a_AT1 tax_NN1 system_NN1 is_VBZ balanced_VVN ,_, asking_VVG whether_CSW different_JJ elements_NN2 sup_VV0 port_NN1 ,_, or_CC undermine_VV0 each_PPX221 other_PPX222 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT dominant_JJ figures_NN2 in_II the_AT early_JJ twentieth-century_JJ expansion_NN1 of_IO American_JJ power_NN1 were_VBDR Teddy_NP1 Roosevelt_NP1 and_CC Woodrow_NP1 Wilson_NP1 ,_, alike_RR in_II their_APPGE patrician_NN1 Ivy_NP1 League_NN1 backgrounds_NN2 and_CC progressive_JJ domestic_JJ politics_NN1 ,_, but_CCB very_RG different_JJ in_II party_NN1 ,_, in_II temperament_NN1 and_CC in_II views_NN2 of_IO world_NN1 politics_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
A_AT1 third_MD factor_NN1 impeding_VVG German_JJ chairing_NN1 was_VBDZ UNSC_NP1 composition_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
By_II contrast_NN1 ,_, the_AT Exemplar_JJ Account_NN1 strengthens_VVZ the_AT bonds_NN2 among_II cultures_NN2 by_II rejecting_VVG the_AT typical_JJ essentialist_NN1 approach_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
In_II practical_JJ terms_NN2 ,_, this_DD1 transformation_NN1 means_VVZ that_CST both_DB2 the_AT dependent_JJ interest_NN1 variable_NN1 and_CC the_AT independent_JJ variables_NN2 are_VBR de-meaned_VVN ,_, meaning_VVG that_CST they_PPHS2 are_VBR measured_VVN as_CSA changes_NN2 from_II the_AT respondent_NN1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 average_JJ levels_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Yet_RR we_PPIS2 seem_VV0 to_TO want_VVI to_TO say_VVI so_RG much_DA1 more_DAR ,_, and_CC most_RGT often_RR to_TO have_VHI what_DDQ we_PPIS2 sayour_VV0 words_NN2 on_II the_AT page/screento_NN1 be_VBI better_JJR ,_, more_RGR useful_JJ and_CC even_RR more_RGR hopeful_JJ ._. 
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<s>
We_PPIS2 develop_VV0 a_AT1 theory_NN1 of_IO electoral_JJ competition_NN1 in_II multidistrict_NN1 legislative_JJ elections_NN2 when_RRQ nomination_NN1 decisions_NN2 are_VBR made_VVN by_II local_JJ policy-motivated_JJ party_NN1 members_NN2 ,_, and_CC voters_NN2 care_VV0 about_II both_DB2 local_JJ and_CC national_JJ positions_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
And_CC in_II contrast_NN1 to_II the_AT conclusions_NN2 of_IO Bhattacharya_NP1 and_CC Quick_JJ ,_, redistribution_NN1 of_IO wealth_NN1 and_CC power_NN1 from_II the_AT capitalist_JJ class_NN1 to_II the_AT working_JJ class_NN1 does_VDZ little_DA1 to_TO change_VVI the_AT underlying_JJ production_NN1 processes_VVZ that_CST constitute_VV0 capitalist_JJ society_NN1 as_II a_AT1 whole_NN1 ,_, just_RR the_AT proportion_NN1 of_IO inputs_NN2 relied_VVN upon_II in_II those_DD2 processes_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Once_CS the_AT dissonance_NN1 between_II these_DD2 roles_NN2 has_VHZ become_VVN visible_JJ and_CC salientfor_NN1 example_NN1 ,_, because_CS it_PPH1 has_VHZ attracted_VVN the_AT attention_NN1 of_IO the_AT media_NN ,_, the_AT public_NN1 ,_, and_CC the_AT political_JJ eliteit_NN1 requires_VVZ a_AT1 political_JJ response_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Beginning_VVG in_II 2000_MC and_CC coinciding_VVG with_IW the_AT years_NNT2 where_RRQ rightist_NN1 and_CC leftist_NN1 par_NN1 ties_VVZ each_DD1 held_VVD significant_JJ power_NN1 ,_, Nicaragua_NP1 saw_VVD an_AT1 exciting_JJ period_NN1 of_IO energetic_JJ ,_, autonomous_JJ local_JJ government_NN1 ._. 
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What_DDQ are_VBR the_AT expected_JJ benefits_NN2 from_II IIAs_NN2 ?_? 
</s>
<s>
Second_MD ,_, the_AT spatial_JJ reordering_NN1 also_RR entails_VVZ destruction_NN1 of_IO symbolic_JJ space_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
He_PPHS1 reported_VVD that_CST from_II a_AT1 hygienic_JJ point_NN1 of_IO view_NN1 ,_, and_CC apart_II21 from_II22 the_AT banishment_NN1 of_IO the_AT operatives_NN2 from_II the_AT factory_NN1 atmosphere_NN1 ,_, the_AT crisis_NN1 had_VHD several_DA2 advantages_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Regional_JJ authorities_NN2 promised_VVD to_TO upgrade_VVI the_AT field_NN1 and_CC construct_VVI an_AT1 international-quality_JJ stadium_NN1 ,_, despite_II the_AT fact_NN1 that_CST the_AT site_NN1 is_VBZ no_RR21 longer_RR22 associated_VVN with_IW the_AT World_NN1 Cup_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT latter_DA again_RT was_VBDZ supposed_JJ to_TO address_VVI fiscal_JJ federalism_NN1 issues_NN2 in_RR21 general_RR22 ,_, including_II the_AT allocation_NN1 of_IO revenues_NN2 and_CC expenditures_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Our_APPGE interviews_NN2 indicated_VVD that_CST there_EX was_VBDZ a_AT1 good_JJ deal_NN1 of_IO variation_NN1 in_II the_AT organisation_NN1 of_IO dual_JJ education_NN1 in_II the_AT Russian_JJ regions_NN2 ,_, but_CCB common_JJ to_II all_DB was_VBDZ formally_RR shared_JJ responsibility_NN1 between_II one_MC1 or_CC more_DAR educational_JJ institutions_NN2 and_CC one_MC1 or_CC more_DAR enterprises_NN2 for_IF the_AT provision_NN1 of_IO training_NN1 in_II specified_JJ occupations_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
As_CSA stated_VVN earlier_RRR ,_, it_PPH1 has_VHZ been_VBN argued_VVN that_CST electoral_JJ representatives_NN2 and_CC the_AT political_JJ parties_NN2 they_PPHS2 belong_VV0 to_TO have_VHI lost_VVN their_APPGE roots_NN2 in_II society_NN1 ,_, which_DDQ limits_VVZ their_APPGE potential_NN1 to_TO act_VVI as_CSA representatives_NN2 (_( Mair_NP1 2005_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
As_CSA I_PPIS1 have_VH0 argued_VVN elsewhere_RL ,_, Marxist_JJ feminism_NN1 underwent_VVD a_AT1 radical_JJ shift_NN1 in_II its_APPGE assumptions_NN2 after_II the_AT dissolution_NN1 of_IO the_AT Wages_NN2 for_IF Housework_NN1 campaign_NN1 in_II North_ND1 America_NP1 and_CC the_AT disbanding_NN1 of_IO central_JJ Marxist-feminist_JJ organisations_NN2 like_II Lotta_NP1 Feminista_NP1 in_II Italy_NP1 ,_, which_DDQ were_VBDR producing_VVG the_AT most_RGT developed_JJ Marxist-feminist_JJ theories_NN2 in_II the_AT 1970s_MC2 ._. 
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<s>
Everyone_PN1 was_VBDZ allowed_VVN to_TO be_VBI a_AT1 candidate_NN1 in_II the_AT elections_NN2 provided_CS they_PPHS2 were_VBDR older_JJR than_CSN 18_MC and_CC not_XX affiliated_VVN to_II any_DD political_JJ party_NN1 ,_, and_CC everyone_PN1 had_VHD the_AT right_NN1 to_TO vote_VVI ,_, with_IW no_AT ethnic_JJ discriminations_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Trust_VV0 in_II Russia_NP1 was_VBDZ damaged_VVN but_CCB not_XX fully_RR destroyed_VVN ._. 
</s>
<s>
Through_II church_NN1 networks_NN2 ,_, women_NN2 began_VVD to_TO connect_VVI with_IW one_PPX121 another_PPX122 and_CC organize_VV0 events_NN2 such_II21 as_II22 prayer_NN1 vigils_NN2 ,_, protest_NN1 marches_NN2 against_II violence_NN1 in_II their_APPGE communities_NN2 and_CC ,_, in_II later_JJR years_NNT2 ,_, national_JJ peace_NN1 conferences_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT debates_NN2 of_IO the_AT 1990s_MC2 stoked_VVD perceptions_NN2 of_IO physical_JJ vulnerability_NN1 to_II crime_NN1 diversion_NN1 ,_, which_DDQ in_II turn_NN1 increased_VVD the_AT likelihood_NN1 that_CST certain_JJ states_NN2 will_VM adopt_VVI the_AT criminalization_NN1 policies_NN2 of_IO their_APPGE neighbors_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT discourse_NN1 of_IO raw-material_NN1 appendage_NN1 identifies_VVZ Russia_NP1 as_II a_AT1 potential_JJ or_CC actual_JJ victim_NN1 of_IO Western_JJ expansionism_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
It_PPH1 would_VM have_VHI been_VBN "_" difficult_JJ for_IF IFOAM_NN1 to_TO manage_VVI this_DD1 with_IW its_APPGE NGO_NP1 partners_NN2 alone_RR "_" (_( I2_FO )_) ._. 
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The_AT first_MD model_NN1 only_RR analyzes_VVZ those_DD2 states_NN2 without_IW a_AT1 DCI_MC amendment_NN1 mechanism_NN1 to_TO isolate_VVI legislative_JJ behavior_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
This_DD1 was_VBDZ evidenced_VVN by_II the_AT three-fold_JJ increase_NN1 in_II the_AT number_NN1 of_IO candidates_NN2 affiliated_VVN to_II Citizens_NN2 and_CC Ratepayers_NN2 ,_, the_AT National_JJ Party_NN1 supported_VVD group_NN1 for_IF the_AT first_MD election_NN1 of_IO the_AT Amalgamated_JJ Auckland_NP1 Council_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Instead_II21 of_II22 the_AT absolute_JJ level_NN1 of_IO GGI_JJ resources_NN2 that_CST varies_VVZ with_IW their_APPGE mandates_NN2 and_CC tasks_NN2 ,_, we_PPIS2 build_VV0 our_APPGE dependent_JJ variable_NN1 on_II annual_JJ changes_NN2 in_II staff_NN and_CC budget_NN1 figures_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT second_MD requirement_NN1 is_VBZ having_VHG political_JJ objectives_NN2 ,_, which_DDQ La_NP1 Porte_NP1 defines_VVZ as_II '_NULL a_AT1 desire_NN1 to_TO have_VHI a_AT1 permanent_JJ influence_NN1 on_II policies_NN2 ,_, procedures_NN2 and_CC international_JJ relations_NN2 '_NULL ._. 
</s>
<s>
I_PPIS1 will_VM also_RR analyze_VVI the_AT structure_NN1 of_IO Lux-emburg_NP1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 argument_NN1 in_II the_AT fragments_NN2 referring_VVG to_II Blanquism_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT balance_NN1 between_II transformative_JJ and_CC conservative_JJ forces_NN2 in_II these_DD2 situations_NN2 can_VM in_II fact_NN1 result_NN1 in_II a_AT1 low-level_JJ trap_NN1 :_: a_AT1 situation_NN1 of_IO stasis_NN1 persisting_VVG for_IF long_JJ periods_NN2 ,_, until_CS perhaps_RR some_DD external_JJ factor_NN1 ,_, such_II21 as_II22 war_NN1 ,_, disease_NN1 and_CC population_NN1 decline_NN1 ,_, conquest_NN1 ,_, ecological_JJ crisis_NN1 ,_, or_CC a_AT1 technological_JJ breakthrough_NN1 ,_, upsets_VVZ the_AT balance_NN1 and_CC allows_VVZ development_NN1 to_TO occur_VVI ._. 
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<s>
These_DD2 studies_NN2 highlight_VV0 the_AT fact_NN1 that_CST the_AT new_JJ system_NN1 tolerates_VVZ dual_JJ candidacy_NN1 ,_, which_DDQ enables_VVZ the_AT LDP_NP1 to_TO make_VVI candidates_NN2 who_PNQS lost_VVD their_APPGE SMDs_NP1 compete_VV0 to_TO obtain_VVI a_AT1 PR_NN1 seat_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
As_CSA Ellen_NP1 Oxfeld_NP1 contends_VVZ ,_, "_" a_AT1 funeral_NN1 is_VBZ not_XX only_RR an_AT1 event_NN1 in_II which_DDQ filiality_NN1 is_VBZ on_II stage_NN1 ,_, but_CCB also_RR an_AT1 event_NN1 where_CS a_AT1 family_NN1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 dealings_NN2 with_IW the_AT community_NN1 at_RR21 large_RR22 are_VBR paramount_JJ ._. "_" 
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<s>
The_AT reality_NN1 of_IO neoliberal_JJ capitalism_NN1 is_VBZ that_CST it_PPH1 can_VM readily_RR adapt_VVI to_II changing_JJ circumstances_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
During_II the_AT second_MD time_NNT1 interval_NN1 (_( August_NPM1 2015_MC )_) ,_, the_AT TheIranDeal_JJ Twitter_NN1 channel_NN1 published_VVD 130_MC Tweets_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
But_CCB what_DDQ explains_VVZ the_AT emergence_NN1 of_IO terrorist_JJ tactics_NN2 in_II some_DD nonviolent_JJ campaigns_NN2 but_CCB not_XX in_II others_NN2 ?_? 
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<s>
Yet_RR ,_, they_PPHS2 were_VBDR fairly_RR con_VV0 sistent_JJ in_II their_APPGE opposition_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Through_II these_DD2 efforts_NN2 ,_, the_AT Endowment_NN1 and_CC its_APPGE allies_NN2 pushed_VVD the_AT Bush_NP1 administration_NN1 to_TO recog_VVI nize_VV0 Ukrainian_JJ independence_NN1 in_II a_AT1 more_RGR precipitous_JJ and_CC provocative_JJ manner_NN1 than_CSN it_PPH1 otherwise_RR might_VM have_VHI done_VDN ._. 
</s>
<s>
Moreover_RR ,_, this_DD1 alternative_JJ permits_NN2 states_VVZ to_TO control_VVI the_AT arguments_NN2 brought_VVN before_II tribunals_NN2 regarding_II the_AT interpretation_NN1 of_IO the_AT treaty_NN1 they_PPHS2 negotiated_VVD ._. 
</s>
<s>
In_II model_NN1 4_MC ,_, the_AT gap_NN1 in_II law_NN1 and_CC order_NN1 is_VBZ also_RR negatively_RR correlated_VVN with_IW the_AT likelihood_NN1 of_IO an_AT1 MLAT_NN1 being_VBG concluded_VVN ._. 
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<s>
These_DD2 legislative_JJ changes_NN2 and_CC the_AT suspension_NN1 of_IO payments_NN2 have_VH0 forced_VVN people_NN who_PNQS reside_VV0 in_II areas_NN2 to_TO travel_VVI across_II checkpoints_NN2 and_CC formally_RR register_VV0 as_CSA IDPs_NN2 in_BCL21 order_BCL22 to_TO receive_VVI their_APPGE payments_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
However_RR ,_, in_II authoritarian_JJ regimes_NN2 ,_, citizens_NN2 '_NULL access_VV0 to_II new_JJ ICTs_NN2 is_VBZ viewed_VVN as_II a_AT1 significant_JJ challenge_NN1 to_II the_AT government_NN1 because_CS it_PPH1 opens_VVZ up_RP a_AT1 new_JJ political_JJ space_NN1 in_II a_AT1 repressive_JJ polity_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Although_CS Orthodox_JJ hierarchs_NN2 refrain_VV0 from_II open_JJ criticism_NN1 ,_, in_II a_AT1 personal_JJ talk_NN1 Father_NNB Antonii_NP1 distanced_VVD himself_PPX1 from_II this_DD1 '_NULL patriotism_NN1 with_IW wide_RR open_JJ eyes_NN2 '_NULL and_CC declared_VVD this_DD1 to_TO be_VBI another_DD1 form_NN1 of_IO Orthodoxy_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
If_CS state-building_NN1 can_VM be_VBI understood_VVN as_II a_AT1 process_NN1 of_IO "_" laying_VVG claim_NN1 to_II people_NN and_CC goods_NN2 "_" by_II the_AT monopolization_NN1 of_IO the_AT legitimate_JJ means_NN of_IO movement_NN1 ,_, it_PPH1 is_VBZ not_XX surprising_JJ that_CST the_AT re-introduction_NN1 of_IO the_AT international_JJ passport_NN1 system_NN1 was_VBDZ influenced_VVN by_II World_NN1 War_NN1 I_ZZ1 and_CC that_CST the_AT U.S._NP1 passport_NN1 regime_NN1 was_VBDZ permanently_RR established_VVN in_II World_NN1 War_NN1 II_MC ._. 
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<s>
For_REX21 instance_REX22 ,_, Amnesty_NN1 International_JJ '_NULL s_ZZ1 Annual_JJ Report_NN1 meticulously_RR documents_VVZ human_JJ rights_NN2 violations_NN2 worldwide_RL ._. 
</s>
<s>
Nevertheless_RR ,_, he_PPHS1 agrees_VVZ that_CST not_XX fighting_VVG in_II unjust_JJ wars_NN2 is_VBZ morally_RR praiseworthy_JJ ._. 
</s>
<s>
Many_DA2 studies_NN2 have_VH0 focused_VVN on_II the_AT economic_JJ potential_NN1 of_IO the_AT BRICS_NN1 and_CC emphasized_VVD their_APPGE role_NN1 as_II part_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 multipolar_JJ system_NN1 based_VVN on_II a_AT1 new_JJ balance_NN1 of_IO power_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Our_APPGE second_MD set_NN1 of_IO analysis_NN1 focuses_VVZ on_II internal_JJ validity_NN1 and_CC aims_VVZ to_II narrow_JJ down_II the_AT causal_JJ mechanisms_NN2 behind_II the_AT relationships_NN2 described_VVN in_II the_AT previous_JJ section_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
For_IF Connolly_NP1 ,_, such_DA a_AT1 model_NN1 is_VBZ problematic_JJ for_IF two_MC reasons_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Not_XX only_RR does_VDZ equity_NN1 require_VV0 the_AT fair_JJ treatment_NN1 of_IO individuals_NN2 ,_, but_CCB it_PPH1 also_RR encapsulates_VVZ the_AT moral_JJ premise_NN1 of_IO basic_JJ human_JJ equality_NN1 ,_, the_AT appreciation_NN1 of_IO which_DDQ permeates_VVZ practically_RR all_DB of_IO the_AT characteristics_NN2 Hobbes_NP1 insists_VVZ are_VBR conducive_JJ to_II peace_NN1 ,_, such_II21 as_II22 gratitude_NN1 ,_, accommodation_NN1 ,_, and_CC pardon_NN1 ,_, as_II31 well_II32 as_II33 avoidance_NN1 of_IO vengeance_NN1 ,_, pride_NN1 ,_, and_CC displays_NN2 of_IO contempt_NN1 for_IF others_NN2 (_( Lev_NP1 )_) ._. 
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<s>
A_ZZ1 1992_MC law_NN1 established_VVD regions_NN2 as_II a_AT1 new_JJ tier_NN1 of_IO government_NN1 ,_, and_CC a_AT1 1996_MC reform_NN1 transferred_JJ executive_NN1 powers_NN2 to_II regions_NN2 and_CC to_II three_MC lower_JJR local_JJ government_NN1 tiers_NN2 :_: towns_NN2 (_( communes_NN2 )_) ,_, municipalities_NN2 within_II the_AT country_NN1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 five_MC largest_JJT cities_NN2 (_( communes_NN2 d_ZZ1 '_NULL arrondissement_NN1 )_) ,_, and_CC CRs_NP1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
This_DD1 result_NN1 implies_VVZ that_CST after_II accounting_VVG for_IF how_RRQ a_AT1 bill_NN1 is_VBZ directed_VVN at_II the_AT moment_NN1 of_IO introductionwhether_VV0 it_PPH1 is_VBZ referred_VVN to_II committee_NN1 or_CC bypasses_VVZ committee_NN1 considerationaccounts_VVZ for_IF some_DD aspect_NN1 of_IO partisan_JJ majority_NN1 advantage_NN1 in_II bill_NN1 passage_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT intuitions_NN2 can_VM be_VBI appreciated_VVN as_CSA follows_VVZ ._. 
</s>
<s>
Every_AT1 administrative_JJ power_NN1 included_VVN in_II the_AT new_JJ provincial_JJ lists_NN2 must_VM first_MD be_VBI reviewed_VVN and_CC approved_VVN by_II the_AT Office_NN1 of_IO Legislative_JJ Affairs_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT 1993_MC Maastricht_NP1 Treaty_NN1 aimed_VVD to_TO oblige_VVI UN_NP1 Security_NN1 Council_NN1 members_NN2 to_TO coordinate_VVI their_APPGE actions_NN2 and_CC to_TO speak_VVI with_IW one_MC1 voice_NN1 (_( see_VV0 article_NN1 34_MC of_IO the_AT Treaty_NN1 on_II European_JJ Union_NN1 as_CSA amended_VVN by_II the_AT Treaty_NN1 of_IO Lisbon_NP1 )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Existing_JJ case_NN1 studies_NN2 provide_VV0 preliminary_JJ evidence_NN1 for_IF the_AT hypothesized_JJ relationship_NN1 between_II natural_JJ resources_NN2 and_CC the_AT coercive_JJ recruitment_NN1 of_IO children_NN2 by_II rebel_NN1 groups_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
This_DD1 implies_VVZ that_CST political_JJ platforms_NN2 do_VD0 not_XX exist_VVI along_RP ideological_JJ dimensions_NN2 per_RR21 se_RR22 ,_, but_CCB are_VBR created_VVN by_II political_JJ elites_NN2 to_II structure_NN1 the_AT political_JJ process_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Indirect_JJ rule_NN1 also_RR served_VVN as_II a_AT1 pacification_NN1 strategy_NN1 because_CS favoring_VVG groups_NN2 associated_VVN with_IW precolonial_JJ states_NN2 undermined_VVD their_APPGE incentives_NN2 to_TO rebel_VVI against_II the_AT colonizer_NN1 ,_, as_CSA with_IW riverine_JJ Arabs_NN2 in_II Sudan_NP1 ._. 
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<s>
Troop_NN1 deployments_NN2 are_VBR a_AT1 strategic_JJ decision_NN1 likely_RR driven_VVN by_II the_AT shared_JJ interests_NN2 of_IO sender_NN1 and_CC host_VV0 states_NN2 ,_, including_II their_APPGE historical_JJ relationship_NN1 and_CC their_APPGE desire_NN1 to_TO maintain_VVI stability_NN1 in_II a_AT1 given_JJ country_NN1 (_( and_CC in_II their_APPGE broader_JJR neighbor_NN1 hood_NN1 )_) ._. 
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<s>
In_II fact_NN1 ,_, the_AT evolution_NN1 of_IO the_AT political_JJ and_CC administrative_JJ system_NN1 and_CC the_AT introduction_NN1 of_IO the_AT Democratic_JJ Federation_NN1 of_IO Northern_JJ Syria_NP1 were_VBDR specifically_RR aimed_VVN at_II including_VVG all_DB ethnicities_NN2 and_CC not_XX focusing_VVG on_II the_AT Kurdish_JJ population_NN1 only_RR ._. 
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<s>
Extensive_JJ notes_NN2 justifying_VVG the_AT awarded_JJ scores_NN2 also_RR produce_VV0 a_AT1 structured_JJ in_II depth_NN1 report_NN1 that_CST qualitatively_RR assesses_VVZ the_AT practices_NN2 of_IO particular_JJ tax_NN1 sys_NN2 tems_VVZ ._. 
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<s>
Below_II I_MC1 flesh_NN1 out_RP two_MC case_NN1 studies_NN2 ,_, a_AT1 small_JJ but_CCB critical_JJ sample_NN1 of_IO their_APPGE larger_JJR body_NN1 of_IO work_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT critical_JJ nuance_NN1 is_VBZ that_CST the_AT number_NN1 indicates_VVZ how_RGQ many_DA2 people_NN are_VBR registered_VVN as_CSA IDPs_VVZ ,_, although_CS IDP_NP1 registration_NN1 remains_VVZ a_AT1 problematic_JJ process_NN1 and_CC may_VM not_XX be_VBI a_AT1 true_JJ reflection_NN1 of_IO actual_JJ numbers_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT reason_NN1 for_IF the_AT inability_NN1 to_TO identify_VVI sole_JJ executive_NN1 agreements_NN2 individually_RR is_VBZ that_CST neither_RR TIF_NP1 nor_CC the_AT executive_NN1 agreements_NN2 themselves_PPX2 indicate_VV0 their_APPGE authorizing_JJ legislation_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Nevertheless_RR ,_, it_PPH1 is_VBZ important_JJ for_IF the_AT local_JJ community_NN1 because_CS most_DAT parishioners_NN2 originate_VV0 from_II the_AT town_NN1 whereas_CS the_AT monastery_NN1 ministers_NN2 to_II pilgrims_NN2 from_II all_RR over_II Russia_NP1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
While_CS these_DD2 developments_NN2 can_VM also_RR be_VBI seen_VVN as_CSA functional_JJ to_II the_AT long-term_JJ requirements_NN2 of_IO capitalism_NN1 ,_, they_PPHS2 nonetheless_RR had_VHD the_AT potential_JJ to_TO be_VBI catastrophic_JJ for_IF all_DB societal_JJ systems_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Do_VD0 the_AT first_MD two_MC years_NNT2 of_IO Trump_NN1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 foreign_JJ pol_NN1 icy_JJ practice_NN1 adhere_VV0 to_II the_AT conceptual_JJ parameters_NN2 of_IO sovereignty_NN1 or_CC principled_VVD real_JJ ism_FU ?_? 
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<s>
In_II this_DD1 respect_NN1 ,_, Malaysia_NP1 has_VHZ not_XX yet_RR realized_VVN Mahathir_NP1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 vision_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 middle_JJ class_NN1 society_NN1 that_CST provides_VVZ full_JJ opportunities_NN2 for_IF those_DD2 in_II the_AT bottom_NN1 third_MD to_TO climb_VVI out_II21 of_II22 the_AT pit_NN1 of_IO relative_JJ poverty_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
First_MD ,_, I_PPIS1 identify_VV0 a_AT1 commitment_NN1 problem_NN1 at_II the_AT heart_NN1 of_IO the_AT North_NP1 Korean_JJ nuclear_JJ crisis_NN1 that_CST made_VVD denuclearization_NN1 of_IO the_AT Korean_JJ Peninsula_NN1 unattainable_JJ either_RR through_II written_JJ agreements_NN2 or_CC through_II positive_JJ and_CC negative_JJ inducements_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Do_VD0 Moral_JJ Foundations_NN2 Predict_VV0 Political_JJ Ideology_NN1 ?_? 
</s>
<s>
The_AT Communist_JJ Party_NN1 of_IO Czechoslovakia_NP1 therefore_RR also_RR maintained_VVD its_APPGE own_DA private_JJ army_NN1 ,_, the_AT People_NN '_NULL s_ZZ1 Militia_NN ,_, which_DDQ was_VBDZ instrumental_JJ already_RR in_II its_APPGE rise_NN1 to_II power_NN1 in_II February_NPM1 1948_MC and_CC which_DDQ grew_VVD over_II time_NNT1 to_II such_DA extent_NN1 that_CST it_PPH1 came_VVD to_TO rival_VVI the_AT military_JJ ,_, in_II whose_DDQGE loyalty_NN1 the_AT communist_JJ regime_NN1 never_RR completely_RR trusted_VVN ._. 
</s>
<s>
Paddon_NP1 Rhoads_NP1 and_CC Welsh_JJ argue_VV0 that_CST the_AT invocation_NN1 of_IO one_MC1 norm_NN1 instead_II21 of_II22 another_DD1 can_VM itself_PPX1 be_VBI a_AT1 form_NN1 of_IO behavioural_JJ contestation_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
On_II the_AT other_JJ hand_NN1 ,_, We?els_NP2 (_( 1999_MC )_) found_VVD the_AT effects_NN2 of_IO personal_JJ characteristics_NN2 to_TO be_VBI limited_VVN ,_, at_RR21 least_RR22 among_II Members_NN2 of_IO the_AT European_JJ Parliament_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
It_PPH1 is_VBZ appropriate_JJ here_RL to_TO acknowledge_VVI the_AT use_NN1 made_VVN by_II Lise_NP1 Vogel_NP1 of_IO Althusser_NP1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 argument_NN1 that_CST Capital_NN1 should_VM not_XX be_VBI read_VVN as_II an_AT1 account_NN1 of_IO class_NN1 relations_NN2 in_II Britain_NP1 or_CC any_DD other_JJ country_NN1 ,_, let_VVD alone_RR of_IO the_AT history_NN1 of_IO the_AT origins_NN2 of_IO capitalism_NN1 (_( 2013b_FO ,_, 187_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
The_AT first_MD hint_NN1 of_IO populist_JJ sovereignty_NN1 was_VBDZ articulated_VVN in_II the_AT same_DA speech_NN1 in_II which_DDQ he_PPHS1 withdrew_VVD from_II the_AT Paris_NP1 Climate_NN1 Accord_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Another_DD1 related_JJ variable_NN1 to_II court_NN1 composition_NN1 is_VBZ an_AT1 indicator_NN1 for_IF when_RRQ a_AT1 portion_NN1 of_IO the_AT court_NN1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 personnel_NN2 is_VBZ changed_VVN as_CSA required_VVN by_II law_NN1 in_II Chile_NP1 and_CC which_DDQ occurs_VVZ due_II21 to_II22 staggered_JJ terms_NN2 in_II Colombia_NP1 at_II regular_JJ intervals_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Charged_VVN with_IW dissem_NN1 inating_VVG only_RR the_AT positive_JJ aspects_NN2 of_IO China_NP1 ,_, the_AT credibility_NN1 of_IO the_AT state-owned_JJ media_NN sector_NN1 remains_VVZ questionable_JJ ._. 
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<s>
Our_APPGE response_NN1 variablethe_NN1 difference_NN1 of_IO the_AT logarithm_NN1 of_IO GDP_NN1 per_RR21 capita_RR22 in_II PPPcomes_NP1 from_II the_AT World_NN1 Development_NN1 Indicators_NN2 (_( WDI_NP1 )_) database_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Given_VVN their_APPGE power_NN1 ,_, suppression_NN1 becomes_VVZ the_AT option_NN1 when_CS popular_JJ resistance_NN1 poses_VVZ threats_NN2 to_II local_JJ governments_NN2 '_NULL important_JJ goals_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
By_II eternalizing_VVG the_AT existing_JJ social_JJ division_NN1 of_IO labor_NN1 ,_, capitalist_JJ education_NN1 divides_VVZ humans_NN2 ,_, and_CC confines_NN2 them_PPHO2 to_II their_APPGE labors_NN2 "_" indefinitely_RR ._. "_" 
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<s>
In_II such_DA situations_NN2 ,_, the_AT principal_NN1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 preference_NN1 derives_VVZ either_RR from_II the_AT fact_NN1 that_CST the_AT agent_NN1 will_VM influence_VVI the_AT strategic_JJ behavior_NN1 of_IO third-party_JJ actors_NN2 in_II ways_NN2 that_CST benefit_VV0 the_AT agent_NN1 ,_, or_CC from_II the_AT fact_NN1 thatin_NN1 the_AT presence_NN1 of_IO asymmetric_JJ informationpreference_NN1 divergence_NN1 between_II a_AT1 principal_NN1 and_CC agent_NN1 may_VM induce_VVI beneficial_JJ behavior_NN1 (_( e.g._REX ,_, ameliorate_VV0 shirking_VVG )_) by_II the_AT agent_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Table_NN1 3_MC also_RR presents_VVZ heterogeneous_JJ treatment_NN1 effects_NN2 depending_II21 on_II22 whether_CSW the_AT interaction_NN1 player_NN1 comes_VVZ from_II the_AT same_DA or_CC a_AT1 different_JJ religion_NN1 (_( Regressions_NN2 3_MC and_CC 4_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
This_DD1 type_NN1 draws_VVZ extensively_RR on_II elements_NN2 from_II the_AT German_JJ romanticists_NN2 '_NULL concept_NN1 of_IO "_" primordialism_NN1 ,_, "_" according_II21 to_II22 which_DDQ language_NN1 ,_, followed_VVN by_II culture_NN1 and_CC religion_NN1 ,_, form_VV0 the_AT key_JJ determinants_NN2 of_IO nationality_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
It_PPH1 is_VBZ important_JJ ,_, however_RR ,_, to_TO be_VBI sensitive_JJ to_II the_AT problem_NN1 of_IO reading_VVG concerns_NN2 of_IO contemporary_JJ liberal_JJ political_JJ theory_NN1 back_RP onto_II the_AT canonical_JJ founders_NN2 of_IO the_AT tradition_NN1 (_( Kelly_NP1 2011_MC ,_, 1–2_MCMC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Courts_NN2 '_NULL willingness_NN1 to_TO accept_VVI certain_JJ forms_NN2 of_IO evidence_NN1 and_CC testimony_NN1 may_VM reinforce_VVI the_AT snowball_NN1 effect_NN1 ,_, as_CSA available_JJ information_NN1 for_IF prosecution_NN1 increases_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Increased_JJ transborder_NN1 mobility_NN1 and_CC economic_JJ linkages_NN2 are_VBR less_RGR cumbersome_JJ to_TO deal_VVI with_IW at_II the_AT regional_JJ than_CSN at_II the_AT global_JJ level_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
From_II this_DD1 perspective_NN1 ,_, "_" reasons_NN2 of_IO state_NN1 ,_, "_" partisan_JJ loyalties_NN2 ,_, and/or_CC ideological_JJ values_NN2 define_VV0 morality_NN1 and_CC thereby_RR justify_VV0 evaluations_NN2 ,_, actions_NN2 ,_, values_NN2 ,_, and_CC situations_NN2 as_CSA morally_RR right_JJ or_CC wrong_JJ (_( e.g._REX ,_, Machiavelli_NP1 1954_MC ;_; Milgram_NP1 1974_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
This_DD1 complicated_JJ history_NN1 generates_VVZ more_DAR questions_NN2 than_CSN answers_NN2 about_II who_PNQS is_VBZ entitled_VVN to_TO establish_VVI jurisdiction_NN1 in_II any_DD particular_JJ geographic_JJ area_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Past_JJ decades_NNT2 saw_VVD central_JJ banks_NN2 expand_VV0 their_APPGE powers_NN2 dramatically_RR ,_, while_CS their_APPGE legal_JJ mandates_NN2 have_VH0 remained_VVN virtually_RR unchanged_JJ ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT substitution_NN1 of_IO employer-provided_NN1 with_IW school-provided_JJ training_NN1 has_VHZ resulted_VVN in_II higher_JJR unemployment_NN1 and_CC lower_JJR job_NN1 quality_NN1 ,_, particularly_RR upon_II leaving_VVG school_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
As_II a_AT1 failed_JJ authoritarian_JJ regime_NN1 ,_, Moldova_NP1 is_VBZ at_II the_AT same_DA time_NNT1 an_AT1 unstable_JJ ,_, undemocratic_JJ ,_, hybrid_JJ regime_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT following_JJ studies_NN2 can_VM further_RRR explore_VVI the_AT causal_JJ mechanism_NN1 between_II economic_JJ development_NN1 and_CC the_AT performance_NN1 of_IO PC_NN1 deputies_NN2 and_CC test_VV0 whether_CSW the_AT economic_JJ condition_NN1 has_VHZ a_AT1 similar_JJ effect_NN1 on_II the_AT behaviors_NN2 of_IO members_NN2 of_IO authoritarian_JJ parliaments_NN2 in_II other_JJ countries_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Yet_RR Gutmann_NP1 &;_NULL Thompson_NP1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 focus_VV0 on_II actors_NN2 who_PNQS operate_VV0 in_II bad_JJ faith_NN1 or_CC seek_VV0 to_TO humiliate_VVI ,_, to_II our_APPGE mind_NN1 ,_, is_VBZ misplaced_VVN ,_, because_CS fair_JJ bargaining_NN1 relies_VVZ on_II altering_VVG the_AT motivations_NN2 of_IO agents_NN2 ,_, rather_CS21 than_CS22 on_II their_APPGE institutional_JJ incentives_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Estimation_NN1 reveals_VVZ a_AT1 positive_JJ impact_NN1 of_IO treatment_NN1 PECs_NN2 on_II the_AT probability_NN1 that_CST a_AT1 candidate_NN1 wins_VVZ an_AT1 election_NN1 ,_, as_CSA exemplified_VVN in_II the_AT RD_NN1 plot_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
For_IF either_DD1 type_NN1 of_IO goal_NN1 ,_, mingling_VVG may_VM involve_VVI repurposing_VVG obligations_NN2 to_TO make_VVI legal_JJ claims_NN2 in_II ways_NN2 that_CST may_VM not_XX have_VHI been_VBN foreseen_VVN when_CS time_NNT1 commitments_NN2 were_VBDR made_VVN ._. 
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<s>
For_IF others_NN2 ,_, democratic_JJ narratives_NN2 became_VVD a_AT1 central_JJ element_NN1 of_IO legitimation_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
In_II this_DD1 vein_NN1 ,_, David_NP1 Engerman_NP1 has_VHZ recently_RR explored_VVN how_RRQ competition_NN1 over_II development_NN1 aid_NN1 among_II the_AT two_MC Cold_JJ War_NN1 superpowers_NN2 intersected_VVD with_IW and_CC helped_VVD to_TO shape_VVI the_AT complex_JJ internal_JJ dynamics_NN of_IO the_AT postcolonial_JJ Indian_JJ state_NN1 ,_, and_CC Nathan_NP1 Citino_NP1 showed_VVD how_RGQ postcolonial_JJ leaders_NN2 in_II the_AT Arab_JJ world_NN1 drew_VVD on_RP and_CC adapted_VVD a_AT1 multiplicity_NN1 of_IO development_NN1 ideas_NN2 ,_, looking_VVG not_XX only_RR to_II contempo_NN1 rary_JJ socialist_JJ and_CC capitalist_JJ models_NN2 but_CCB also_RR to_II the_AT long_JJ history_NN1 of_IO moderniz_NN1 ing_VVG reform_NN1 in_II the_AT Ottoman_JJ era_NN1 ._. 
</s>
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I_PPIS1 focus_VV0 on_II withdrawal_NN1 because_CS it_PPH1 is_VBZ the_AT legal_JJ analogue_NN1 of_IO repudiation_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
This_DD1 effect_NN1 is_VBZ less_RGR clear_JJ with_IW the_AT importer_NN1 and_CC exporter_NN1 effects_NN2 based_VVN on_II the_AT national_JJ capabilities_NN2 (_( CINC_NP1 )_) ._. 
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<s>
After_CS a_AT1 decade_NNT1 of_IO depression_NN1 ,_, the_AT Russian_JJ economy_NN1 started_VVD to_TO grow_VVI again_RT the_AT year_NNT1 Putin_NP1 assumed_VVD national_JJ office_NN1 and_CC then_RT continued_VVD to_TO expand_VVI ,_, buoyed_VVN by_II rising_VVG world_NN1 energy_NN1 prices_NN2 ,_, throughout_II the_AT first_MD eight_MC years_NNT2 of_IO Putin_NP1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 presidency_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Otherwise_RR ,_, Russia_NP1 would_VM rather_RR see_VVI more_DAR disengagement_NN1 (_( or_CC optionally_RR ,_, apolitical_JJ social_JJ or_CC local_JJ engagement_NN1 )_) than_CSN state-induced_JJ participation_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Thus_RR ,_, PR_NP1 members_NN2 '_NULL struggles_VVZ to_TO emerge_VVI as_II party_NN1 organization_NN1 leaders_NN2 negatively_RR influence_VV0 their_APPGE successful_JJ bids_NN2 in_II SMD_NP1 elections_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
As_RG early_RR as_CSA 1961_MC the_AT US_NP1 had_VHD concluded_VVN that_CST Israel_NP1 would_VM obtain_VVI plutonium_NN1 by_II 1965–66_MCMC and_CC would_VM have_VHI a_AT1 weapon_NN1 by_II 1966–67_MCMC ._. 
</s>
<s>
While_CS the_AT main_JJ contrast_NN1 in_II the_AT VoC_NP1 literature_NN1 is_VBZ the_AT differences_NN2 between_II neoliberal-oriented_JJ economies_NN2 and_CC the_AT European_JJ model_NN1 of_IO what_DDQ has_VHZ been_VBN referred_VVN to_II as_RG social_JJ capitalism_NN1 (_( see_VV0 Offe_NP1 ,_, 2003_MC )_) ,_, a_AT1 wider_JJR conception_NN1 of_IO VoC_NP1 would_VM need_VVI to_TO consider_VVI the_AT quite_RG significant_JJ differences_NN2 in_II neoliberalism_NN1 ,_, which_DDQ is_VBZ not_XX a_AT1 single_JJ monolithic_JJ force_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Global_JJ egalitarians_NN2 and_CC libertarians_NN2 join_VV0 with_IW immigrants_NN2 '_NULL rights_NN2 advocates_NN2 in_II arguing_VVG for_IF generally_RR open_JJ borders_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
No_AT sooner_RRR had_VHD Parker_NP1 given_JJ voice_NN1 to_II the_AT argument_NN1 for_IF the_AT sovereignty_NN1 of_IO Parliament_NN1 than_CSN the_AT Leveller_NN1 camp_NN1 launched_VVD an_AT1 attack_NN1 on_II the_AT parliamentarian_NN1 theory_NN1 of_IO the_AT state_NN1 (_( Skinner_NP1 2007_MC ;_; Vieira_NP1 and_CC Runciman_NP1 2008_MC ,_, 19–24_MCMC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT Commissioner_NN1 then_RT refers_VVZ the_AT case_NN1 immediately_RR to_II the_AT police_NN2 and_CC criminal_JJ justice_NN1 authorities_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Discrimination_NN1 against_II a_AT1 foreign_JJ investor_NN1 relative_II21 to_II22 other_JJ foreign_JJ investors_NN2 may_VM then_RT afford_VVI alternative_JJ evidence_NN1 of_IO behavior_NN1 by_II the_AT host_NN1 country_NN1 that_CST results_NN2 from_II agency_NN1 costs_NN2 or_CC ex_II post_NN1 opportunism_NN1 in_II the_AT face_NN1 of_IO time_NNT1 inconsistency_NN1 issues_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
To_TO describe_VVI our_APPGE results_NN2 in_II substantive_JJ terms_NN2 ,_, we_PPIS2 estimate_VV0 incremental_JJ changes_NN2 in_II the_AT probability_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 positive_JJ shift_NN1 in_II interstate_JJ relations_NN2 as_II a_AT1 function_NN1 of_IO the_AT number_NN1 of_IO positive_JJ water-related_JJ events_NN2 between_II these_DD2 states_NN2 in_II the_AT last_MD ten_MC years_NNT2 ,_, with_IW all_DB other_JJ variables_NN2 held_VVD constant_JJ at_II their_APPGE mean_JJ ._. 
</s>
<s>
Similarly_RR ,_, in_II the_AT case_NN1 of_IO district_NN1 magnitude_NN1 ,_, some_DD studies_NN2 have_VH0 found_VVN that_CST SMD_NP1 systems_NN2 and_CC the_AT presence_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 large_JJ number_NN1 of_IO districts_NN2 erode_VV0 party_NN1 system_NN1 nationalization_NN1 (_( Bochsler_NP1 2017_MC ;_; de_NP1 Miguel_NP1 2017_MC ;_; Morgenstern_NP1 et_RA21 al_RA22 ._. 
</s>
<s>
2009_MC )_) ,_, while_CS others_NN2 have_VH0 found_VVN exactly_RR the_AT opposite_JJ (_( Cox_NP1 and_CC Knoll_NP1 2003_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT benign_JJ security_NN1 situation_NN1 in_II Russia_NP1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 Far_JJ East_ND1 after_II the_AT fall_NN1 of_IO the_AT Soviet_JJ Union_NN1 became_VVD more_RGR questionable_JJ from_II 2000_MC due_II21 to_II22 China_NP1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 rise_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
He_PPHS1 doubted_VVD the_AT propriety_NN1 of_IO these_DD2 transactions_NN2 and_CC noted_VVD his_APPGE several_DA2 hesitations_NN2 and_CC refusals_NN2 to_TO evade_VVI official_JJ prohibitions_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Although_CS Sullivan_NP1 and_CC Gouldson_NP1 (_( 2012_MC )_) have_VH0 argued_VVN that_CST the_AT financial_JJ incen_JJ tive_JJ for_IF carbon_NN1 disclosure_NN1 has_VHZ been_VBN overestimated_VVN ,_, the_AT dynamic_NN1 appears_VVZ to_TO be_VBI changing_VVG ._. 
</s>
<s>
First_MD ,_, employment_NN1 in_II the_AT sectors_NN2 chosen_VVN by_II Wren_NP1 expanded_VVD dramatically_RR across_II the_AT advanced_JJ democracies_NN2 since_CS the_AT collapse_NN1 of_IO the_AT Fordist_JJ system_NN1 (_( see_VV0 Figure_NN1 1_MC1 )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Sometimes_RT these_DD2 religious_JJ movements_NN2 were/are_FU nationalist_NN1 in_II nature_NN1 and_CC a_AT1 significant_JJ number_NN1 endorse_VV0 fundamentalist_JJ doctrines_NN2 and_CC radical_JJ politics_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
This_DD1 article_NN1 makes_VVZ two_MC central_JJ contributions_NN2 toward_II a_AT1 better_JJR understanding_NN1 of_IO the_AT link_NN1 between_II national_JJ and_CC international_JJ legitimacy_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT interaction_NN1 terms_NN2 for_IF both_DB2 measures_NN2 of_IO political_JJ awareness_NN1 ,_, political_JJ interest_NN1 and_CC media_NN exposure_NN1 ,_, are_VBR insignificant_JJ in_II both_DB2 the_AT pooled_JJ and_CC country-specific_JJ analyses_NN2 ,_, indicating_VVG that_DD1 less_RGR politically_RR aware_JJ people_NN are_VBR not_XX more_RGR likely_JJ to_TO use_VVI their_APPGE legitimacy_NN1 beliefs_NN2 toward_II national_JJ institutions_NN2 as_II a_AT1 heuristic_JJ when_CS forming_VVG opinions_NN2 about_II international_JJ institutions_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Harper_NP1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 speeches_NN2 indicate_VV0 that_CST the_AT government_NN1 has_VHZ consid_NN1 ered_VVN the_AT impact_NN1 of_IO the_AT deal_NN1 on_II the_AT future_NN1 of_IO the_AT oil_NN1 sands_NN2 (_( a_AT1 strategic_JJ industry_NN1 )_) in_II31 light_II32 of_II33 the_AT nature_NN1 of_IO the_AT acquirer_NN1 (_( an_AT1 SOE_NP1 )_) ._. 
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<s>
He_PPHS1 was_VBDZ deeply_RR intrigued_VVN by_II the_AT phenomenon_NN1 of_IO mafia-type_JJ organized_JJ crime_NN1 ,_, especially_RR in_II the_AT United_NP1 States_NP1 where_RRQ he_PPHS1 spent_VVD the_AT war_NN1 years_NNT2 in_II exile_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT Maori_NN1 on_II the_AT other_JJ hand_NN1 continued_VVD to_TO develop_VVI crops_NN2 which_DDQ allowed_VVD them_PPHO2 the_AT surpluses_NN2 to_TO feed_VVI "_" craft_NN1 specialists_NN2 ,_, chiefs_NN2 and_CC part-time_JJ soldiers_NN2 "_" (_( Diamond_NN1 ,_, 1997_MC ,_, 34-35_MCMC )_) as_II31 well_II32 as_II33 artists_NN2 and_CC people_NN to_TO construct_VVI elaborate_JJ ceremonial_JJ buildings_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
To_TO obtain_VVI this_DD1 compliance_NN1 actors_NN2 combine_VV0 material_NN1 with_IW social_JJ and_CC political_JJ strategies_NN2 of_IO domination_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT third_MD approach_NN1 of_IO generating_JJ revenue_NN1 from_II peasant_NN1 elevation_NN1 is_VBZ ,_, however_RR ,_, much_RR more_RGR sophisticated_JJ and_CC innovative_JJ ._. 
</s>
<s>
While_CS I_PPIS1 am_VBM not_XX arguing_VVG against_II the_AT need_NN1 for_IF reproductive_JJ rights_NN2 or_CC the_AT need_NN1 for_IF gender_NN1 equality_NN1 in_II peace_NN1 building_NN1 ,_, it_PPH1 is_VBZ im_NN1 portant_NN1 to_TO acknowledge_VVI that_CST there_EX is_VBZ hierarchy_NN1 of_IO rights_NN2 in_II the_AT FIAP_NN1 that_CST has_VHZ the_AT instrumental_JJ end_NN1 goal_NN1 of_IO fostering_VVG economic_JJ growth_NN1 ,_, particularly_RR when_CS women_NN2 '_NULL s_ZZ1 rights_NN2 are_VBR being_VBG defined_VVN and_CC circumscribed_VVN by_II their_APPGE ability_NN1 to_TO contribute_VVI to_II GDP_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
On_II April_NPM1 29_MC ,_, 2015_MC ,_, The_AT Guardian_NN1 published_VVD an_AT1 explosive_JJ story_NN1 based_VVN on_II a_AT1 leaked_JJ UN_NP1 document_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Second_MD ,_, R._NP1 S._NP1 Baker_NP1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 "_" In_II the_AT Land_NN1 of_IO Promise_NN1 ,_, "_" penned_VVD in_II 1906_MC ,_, illustrates_VVZ a_AT1 kind_NN1 of_IO skeptical_JJ ethics_NN ._. 
</s>
<s>
Decent_JJ peoples_NN2 are_VBR those_DD2 peoples_NN2 who_PNQS ,_, although_CS not_XX liberal_JJ ,_, should_VM be_VBI tolerated_VVN by_II liberal_JJ ones_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
With_IW each_DD1 of_IO the_AT claims_NN2 theoretically_RR plausible_JJ ,_, the_AT first_MD part_NN1 of_IO this_DD1 study_NN1 serves_VVZ to_TO clarify_VVI and_CC juxtapose_VVI the_AT assumptions_NN2 and_CC behavioral_JJ mechanisms_NN2 underpinning_VVG these_DD2 theories_NN2 ,_, thereby_RR providing_VVG new_JJ and_CC much_RR needed_VVN structure_NN1 to_II our_APPGE theoretical_JJ understanding_NN1 of_IO the_AT question_NN1 at_II hand_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
And_CC May_NP1 did_VDD so_RR despite_II the_AT fact_NN1 that_CST her_APPGE '_NULL healer_NN1 '_NULL status_NN1 had_VHD been_VBN the_AT main_JJ reason_NN1 for_IF her_APPGE easy_JJ victory_NN1 and_CC initial_JJ popularity_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT three_MC clearest_JJT examples_NN2 of_IO this_DD1 are_VBR the_AT Turkish_JJ Cypriots_NN2 voting_VVG to_TO ap_VVI prove_VV0 the_AT UN-sponsored_JJ peace_NN1 process_NN1 in_II Cyprus_NP1 (_( 2004_MC )_) ,_, the_AT Russo-Georgian_JJ war_NN1 (_( 2008_MC )_) ,_, and_CC Somaliland_NP1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 presidential_JJ election_NN1 crisis_NN1 (_( 2008-2010_MCMC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Second_MD ,_, other_JJ scholars_NN2 have_VH0 contended_VVN that_CST LPC_NP1 deputies_NN2 have_VH0 developed_VVN an_AT1 increased_JJ sense_NN1 of_IO constituency_NN1 and_CC have_VH0 become_VVN more_RGR likely_JJ to_TO represent_VVI their_APPGE geographic_JJ constituency_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT shaming_JJ power_NN1 of_IO the_AT Letelier-Moffitt_NP1 survivors_NN2 over_II the_AT U.S._NP1 government_NN1 had_VHD not_XX completely_RR abated_VVN ,_, admitted_VVD State_NN1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 lawyers_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Africa_NP1 is_VBZ a_AT1 dichotomous_JJ variable_NN1 that_CST equals_VVZ 1_MC1 when_CS the_AT government_NN1 forms_VVZ in_II Africa_NP1 and_CC 0_MC if_CS it_PPH1 forms_VVZ in_II Europe_NP1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
In_II their_APPGE work_NN1 ,_, comparative_JJ political_JJ theorists_NN2 have_VH0 described_VVN the_AT distinctive_JJ problems_NN2 that_CST animate_VV0 Asian_JJ ,_, African_JJ ,_, Middle_JJ Eastern_JJ ,_, and_CC Latin_JJ American_JJ political_JJ thought_NN1 ,_, highlighting_VVG the_AT profound_JJ challenges_NN2 that_CST ideas_NN2 originating_VVG in_II these_DD2 regions_NN2 pose_VV0 for_IF Western_JJ European_NN1 and_CC North_NP1 American_JJ orthodoxies_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
This_DD1 implies_VVZ that_CST a_AT1 competition_NN1 scheme_NN1 may_VM not_XX be_VBI collectively_RR implemented_VVN in_II a_AT1 society_NN1 or_CC an_AT1 organization_NN1 even_CS21 though_CS22 it_PPH1 may_VM generate_VVI a_AT1 materially_RR better_JJR outcome_NN1 than_CSN an_AT1 alternative_NN1 with_IW a_AT1 public_JJ good_JJ aspect_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
First_MD ,_, the_AT conceptualization_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 norm_NN1 should_VM draw_VVI on_II conceptual_JJ resources_NN2 available_JJ to_II agents_NN2 within_II their_APPGE historical_JJ circumstances_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
A_AT1 key_JJ conservation_JJ strategy_NN1 to_TO protect_VVI and_CC manage_VVI marine_JJ biodiversity_NN1 is_VBZ the_AT implementation_NN1 of_IO marine_JJ protected_JJ areas_NN2 (_( MPAs_NP2 )_) ._. 
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<s>
In_II31 spite_II32 of_II33 the_AT increased_JJ visibility_NN1 of_IO the_AT role_NN1 played_VVN by_II whistleblowing_VVG ,_, especially_RR with_IW the_AT Panama_NP1 and_CC Paradise_NN1 Papers_NN2 ,_, and_CC of_IO its_APPGE impact_NN1 in_II contributing_VVG to_II punishment_NN1 for_IF wrongdoing_NN1 ,_, the_AT potentials_NN2 and_CC limitations_NN2 of_IO whistleblowing_VVG as_II a_AT1 regulatory_JJ instrument_NN1 for_IF addressing_VVG taxation_NN1 issues_NN2 have_VH0 not_XX yet_RR been_VBN adequately_RR considered_VVN in_II a_AT1 global_JJ context_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
It_PPH1 is_VBZ ironic_JJ that_CST Foucault_NP1 is_VBZ charged_VVN with_IW ahistorical_JJ romanticism_NN1 ,_, when_CS in_II fact_NN1 his_APPGE work_NN1 is_VBZ deeply_RR involved_JJ in_II historical_JJ analysis_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
In_II such_DA situations_NN2 ,_, states_NN2 feel_VV0 somewhat_RR misplaced_VVN but_CCB that_DD1 element_NN1 does_VDZ not_XX persist_VVI in_II the_AT long-term_JJ or_CC manifest_VV0 much_RR in_II their_APPGE behaviour_NN1 in_II the_AT inter_JJ national_JJ realm_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
It_PPH1 provides_VVZ further_JJR information_NN1 about_II the_AT time_NNT1 series_NN properties_NN2 of_IO the_AT indexes_NN2 ,_, considers_VVZ the_AT role_NN1 of_IO two-seat_JJ constituencies_NN2 in_II our_APPGE calculations_NN2 ,_, and_CC deals_VVZ with_IW the_AT problem_NN1 of_IO linking_VVG constituencies_NN2 across_II electoral_JJ periods_NN2 when_RRQ there_EX has_VHZ been_VBN redistricting_VVG ,_, a_AT1 solution_NN1 to_II which_DDQ is_VBZ required_VVN for_IF the_AT calculation_NN1 of_IO volatility_NN1 over_II time_NNT1 ._. 
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<s>
This_DD1 does_VDZ not_XX mean_VVI ,_, of_RR21 course_RR22 ,_, that_CST Agamben_NP1 is_VBZ urging_VVG us_PPIO2 to_TO live_VVI like_II modern-day_JJ monks_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
However_RR ,_, they_PPHS2 also_RR reveal_VV0 the_AT persis_NN1 tence_NN1 of_IO Orientalist_JJ beliefs_NN2 and_CC assumptions_NN2 ,_, as_CSA Japan_NP1 is_VBZ perceived_VVN as_CSA "_" hypo-or_CC hyper-technological_JJ "_" (_( "_" techno-Orientalism_NN1 "_" )_) or_CC "_" wacky_JJ "_" and_CC "_" weird_JJ "_" in_II con_NN1 trast_NN1 to_II the_AT "_" normalcy_NN1 "_" of_IO the_AT West_ND1 (_( "_" wacky_JJ Orientalism_NN1 "_" )_) ._. 
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<s>
In_II order_NN1 to_II proxy_NN1 previous_JJ exposure_NN1 to_II particularly_RR adverse_JJ weather_NN1 conditions_NN2 ,_, we_PPIS2 count_VV0 the_AT number_NN1 of_IO years_NNT2 in_II which_DDQ a_AT1 grid_NN1 cell_NN1 experienced_JJ temperatures_NN2 lower_JJR than_CSN two_MC standard_JJ deviations_NN2 below_II the_AT grid_NN1 cell_NN1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 temperature_NN1 mean_VV0 –_- measured_VVN for_IF the_AT period_NN1 ranging_VVG from_II the_AT first_MD year_NNT1 in_II our_APPGE dataset_NN1 up_II21 to_II22 the_AT respective_JJ year_NNT1 t–1_NN1 ._. 
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As_II the_AT preceding_JJ analyses_NN2 demonstrate_VV0 ,_, discrimination_NN1 appears_VVZ to_TO be_VBI a_AT1 meaningful_JJ predictor_NN1 of_IO turnout_NN1 given_CS21 that_CS22 more_DAR attention_NN1 is_VBZ paid_VVN to_II the_AT source_NN1 of_IO bias_NN1 ._. 
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The_AT formulation_NN1 of_IO the_AT '_NULL complex_JJ labour_NN1 '_NULL problem_NN1 itself_PPX1 can_VM be_VBI traced_VVN back_RP to_II classical_JJ political_JJ economy_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Therefore_RR ,_, public_JJ bailout_NN1 and_CC stimulus_NN1 expenditures_NN2 stood_VVD in_II sharp_JJ contrast_NN1 to_II the_AT new_JJ consent_NN1 on_II budget_NN1 consolidation_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT accession_NN1 of_IO Kaiser_NNB Wilhelm_NP1 II_MC in_II 1888_MC and_CC the_AT departure_NN1 of_IO Chancellor_NNB Otto_NP1 von_NP1 Bismarck_NP1 in_II 1890_MC marked_VVN a_AT1 turning_JJ point_NN1 in_II German_JJ foreign_JJ policy_NN1 and_CC in_II the_AT system_NN1 of_IO international_JJ relations_NN2 in_II Europe_NP1 ._. 
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<s>
Maintaining_VVG ambiguity_NN1 on_II the_AT nature_NN1 of_IO post-imperial_JJ polity_NN1 ,_, Gandhi_NP1 began_VVD to_TO deploy_VVI the_AT language_NN1 of_IO swaraj_JJ to_TO address_VVI issues_NN2 ranging_VVG from_II timeliness_NN1 to_II religious_JJ tolerance_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Interviewee_NN1 B1_FO described_VVN that_CST :_: When_RRQ we_PPIS2 first_MD started_VVD ,_, we_PPIS2 tried_VVD different_JJ genres_NN2 of_IO Chinese_JJ films_NN2 ,_, from_II the_AT propaganda_NN1 films_NN2 such_II21 as_II22 The_AT Founding_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 Republic_NN1 ,_, to_II the_AT Hong_NP1 Kong_NP1 3-D_JJ Sex_NN1 and_CC Zen_NP1 :_: Extreme_JJ Ecstasy_NN1 ;_; then_RT we_PPIS2 decided_VVD to_TO focus_VVI on_II modern_JJ themes_NN2 as_II the_AT selection_NN1 criterion_NN1 of_IO distributing_VVG Chinese_JJ films_NN2 ._. 
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For_IF these_DD2 parties_NN2 ,_, the_AT goal_NN1 is_VBZ to_TO win_VVI elections_NN2 and_CC govern_VVI ,_, so_CS they_PPHS2 need_VV0 to_TO appeal_VVI to_II a_AT1 larger_JJR ,_, more_RGR diverse_JJ set_NN1 of_IO voters_NN2 with_IW a_AT1 wide_JJ range_NN1 of_IO interests_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT outbreak_NN1 of_IO the_AT First_MD World_NN1 War_NN1 completely_RR eradicated_VVD Luxemburg_NP1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 efforts_NN2 within_II the_AT SPD_NP1 ,_, and_CC thus_RR her_APPGE view_NN1 of_IO the_AT need_NN1 to_TO maintain_VVI party_NN1 unity_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
This_DD1 approach_NN1 stresses_VVZ the_AT importance_NN1 of_IO respect_NN1 for_IF Russian_JJ interests_NN2 in_II its_APPGE '_NULL backyard_NN1 '_NULL ._. 
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<s>
At_II the_AT workshop_NN1 ,_, this_DD1 provoked_VVD an_AT1 emotionally_RR charged_VVN response_NN1 from_II another_DD1 military_JJ adviser_NN1 ,_, with_IW images_NN2 of_IO past_JJ failures_NN2 of_IO peacekeeping_VVG because_CS force_NN1 was_VBDZ not_XX used_VVN ,_, underscoring_VVG that_CST peacekeepers_NN2 need_VV0 the_AT '_NULL right_NN1 '_NULL mindset_VVI not_XX only_RR to_TO protect_VVI civilians_NN2 ,_, but_CCB also_RR to_TO protect_VVI themselves_PPX2 :_: '_NULL You_PPY can_VM '_NULL t_ZZ1 go_VV0 into_II peacekeeping_VVG saying_VVG "_" I_PPIS1 am_VBM not_XX ready_JJ to_TO fight_VVI "_" ._. 
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<s>
While_CS we_PPIS2 can_VM not_XX assume_VVI that_CST these_DD2 results_NN2 from_II three_MC Western_NP1 ,_, democratic_JJ countries_NN2 automatically_RR extend_VV0 to_II all_DB countries_NN2 ,_, our_APPGE replications_NN2 of_IO the_AT analysis_NN1 using_VVG existing_JJ cross-national_JJ data_NN on_II 47_MC diverse_JJ countries_NN2 with_IW a_AT1 restricted_JJ set_NN1 of_IO covariates_NN2 suggest_VV0 they_PPHS2 may_VM have_VHI broader_JJR generalizability_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Heidegger_NN1 defines_VVZ history_NN1 as_CSA "_" the_AT transporting_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 people_NN into_II its_APPGE appointed_JJ task_NN1 as_CSA entrance_NN1 into_II that_CST people_NN '_NULL s_ZZ1 endowment_NN1 "_" (_( 1971_MC ,_, p._NN1 74_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
The_AT situation_NN1 is_VBZ reversed_VVN in_II areas_NN2 with_IW a_AT1 lesser_JJ degree_NN1 of_IO marketization_NN1 ,_, where_CS an_AT1 official_JJ '_NULL s_ZZ1 administrative_JJ position_NN1 is_VBZ more_RGR helpful_JJ for_IF making_VVG corrupt_JJ deals_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Instead_RR ,_, he_PPHS1 suggests_VVZ the_AT alternative_NN1 of_IO breaking_VVG out_II21 of_II22 this_DD1 cycle_NN1 of_IO political_JJ violence_NN1 completely_RR ._. 
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<s>
Micropolitical_JJ factors_NN2 emerge_VV0 from_II their_APPGE positions_NN2 as_CSA hinges_NN2 of_IO macrostructural_JJ phenomena_NN2 generally_RR studied_VVN by_II IR_NN1 theories_NN2 ,_, such_II21 as_II22 power_NN1 relations_NN2 ,_, negotiations_NN2 and_CC alliances_NN2 between_II states_NN2 ,_, but_CCB also_RR with_IW subnational_JJ entities_NN2 ,_, intergovernmental_JJ organisations_NN2 ,_, NGOs_NP2 and_CC individuals_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
This_DD1 ,_, in_II turn_NN1 ,_, can_VM lay_VVI the_AT groundwork_NN1 for_IF subsequent_JJ in-depth_JJ research_NN1 on_II actual_JJ causal_JJ mechanisms_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
In_II these_DD2 contracts_NN2 ,_, the_AT parties_NN2 may_VM refer_VVI disputes_NN2 to_II domestic_JJ courts_NN2 ,_, foreign_JJ courts_NN2 ,_, or_CC international_JJ arbitration_NN1 and_CC specify_VV0 the_AT applicability_NN1 of_IO domestic_JJ ,_, foreign_JJ ,_, or_CC international_JJ law_NN1 ._. 
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In_II this_DD1 essay_NN1 ,_, we_PPIS2 examined_VVD the_AT extent_NN1 to_II which_DDQ Latvia_NP1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 Russophone_NP1 identity_NN1 is_VBZ homogenous_JJ ._. 
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<s>
Applied_VVN to_II investment_NN1 law_NN1 ,_, the_AT rule_NN1 of_IO law_NN1 provides_VVZ foreign_JJ investors_NN2 with_IW the_AT security_NN1 and_CC predictability_NN1 that_CST state_VV0 commitments_NN2 to_II them_PPHO2 will_VM be_VBI upheld_VVN ._. 
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Finally_RR ,_, diplomatic_JJ institutions_NN2 may_VM leverage_NN1 diplomats_NN2 who_PNQS avidly_RR use_VV0 social_JJ media_NN to_TO manage_VVI their_APPGE digital_JJ com_NN1 munications_NN2 ._. 
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Finally_RR ,_, I_PPIS1 want_VV0 to_TO thank_VVI three_MC anonymous_JJ referees_NN2 for_IF their_APPGE constructive_JJ comments_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
As_CSA recent_JJ history_NN1 demonstrates_VVZ ,_, the_AT highest_JJT quality_NN1 assets_NN2 within_II a_AT1 national_JJ system_NN1 are_VBR often_RR the_AT first_MD ones_NN2 purchased_VVN by_II foreign_JJ savers_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
I_PPIS1 agree_VV0 with_IW both_DB2 points_NN2 ,_, and_CC will_VM briefly_RR address_VVI each_DD1 ,_, taking_VVG the_AT latter_DA point_NN1 first_MD ._. 
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<s>
This_DD1 can_VM be_VBI divided_VVN into_II three_MC readings_NN2 :_: (_( 1_MC1 )_) the_AT historical_JJ reading_NN1 ,_, which_DDQ conceives_VVZ the_AT transition_NN1 from_II simple_JJ circulation_NN1 as_II a_AT1 historical_JJ process_NN1 ;_; (_( 2_MC )_) the_AT empirical_JJ reading_NN1 ,_, according_II21 to_II22 which_DDQ Marx_NP1 introduces_VVZ the_AT concept_NN1 of_IO capital_NN1 as_II an_AT1 empirical_JJ fact_NN1 ;_; and_CC (_( 3_MC )_) the_AT logical_JJ reading_NN1 ,_, which_DDQ insists_VVZ that_CST there_EX is_VBZ a_AT1 necessary_JJ logical_JJ connection_NN1 between_II the_AT categories_NN2 of_IO simple_JJ circulation_NN1 and_CC the_AT concept_NN1 of_IO capital_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
For_IF a_AT1 CIL_NN1 rule_NN1 to_TO emerge_VVI ,_, it_PPH1 has_VHZ to_TO be_VBI voluntarily_RR accepted_VVN by_II a_AT1 majority_NN1 of_IO states_NN2 ,_, or_CC at_RR21 least_RR22 not_XX be_VBI actively_RR opposed_VVN by_II them_PPHO2 ._. 
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<s>
Similarly_RR ,_, Humphries_NP1 (_( 2015_MC ,_, p.2_FO )_) has_VHZ questioned_VVN the_AT distinction_NN1 between_II the_AT introduced_JJ trait_NN1 and_CC the_AT animal_NN1 that_CST is_VBZ modified_VVN on_II the_AT grounds_NN2 that_CST if_CS '_NULL a_AT1 patent_NN1 law_NN1 extends_VVZ protection_NN1 to_II all_DB material_NN1 in_II which_DDQ the_AT product_NN1 is_VBZ incorporated_VVN ,_, then_RT a_AT1 broad_JJ patent_NN1 claim_NN1 over_II the_AT gene_NN1 or_CC gene_NN1 carrier_NN1 (_( vector_NN1 )_) of_IO a_AT1 plant_NN1 or_CC animal_NN1 may_VM have_VHI the_AT same_DA outcome_NN1 as_CSA patenting_VVG the_AT whole_JJ plant_NN1 or_CC animal_NN1 '_NULL ._. 
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We_PPIS2 add_VV0 a_AT1 caveat_NN1 that_CST our_APPGE data_NN go_VV0 only_RR to_II 2010_MC ._. 
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<s>
Examination_NN1 of_IO the_AT second_MD hypothesis_NN1 on_II the_AT effectiveness_NN1 of_IO commercial_JJ diplomacy_NN1 for_IF emerging_VVG versus_II developed_JJ countries_NN2 shows_VVZ that_CST the_AT coeffi_NN2 cients_VVZ for_IF diplomacy_NN1 are_VBR also_RR statistically_RR different_JJ for_IF the_AT export_NN1 and_CC foreign_JJ investment_NN1 cases_NN2 ,_, as_CSA shown_VVN in_II the_AT second_MD column_NN1 of_IO Table_NN1 3_MC ._. 
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<s>
Other_JJ CFPEs_NN2 are_VBR motivated_VVN by_II a_AT1 desire_NN1 to_TO shift_VVI the_AT discourse_NN1 on_II foreign_JJ policy_NN1 with_IW the_AT goal_NN1 of_IO fundamental_JJ transformation_NN1 ._. 
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Moreover_RR ,_, this_DD1 Ukrainian_JJ legislation_NN1 criminalised_VVD any_DD form_NN1 of_IO cooperation_NN1 by_II local_JJ residents_NN2 and_CC businesses_NN2 with_IW the_AT authorities_NN2 of_IO the_AT self-declared_JJ republics_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Rimskaya-Korsakova_NP1 ,_, Tankayan_NP1 ,_, Odnovalov_NP1 ,_, Shipkov_NP1 and_CC other_JJ authors_NN2 of_IO these_DD2 projects_NN2 presented_VVD them_PPHO2 in_II the_AT late_JJ 1950s_MC2 and_CC 1960s_MC2 in_II scientific_JJ and_CC architectural_JJ literature_NN1 ,_, at_II various_JJ conferences_NN2 ,_, and_CC even_RR in_II popular_JJ journals_NN2 as_II '_NULL a_AT1 journey_NN1 to_II the_AT city_NN1 of_IO the_AT nearest_JJT future_NN1 '_NULL (_( Odnovalov_NP1 1961_MC ,_, p._NN1 45_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
The_AT '_NULL typical_JJ '_NULL MP_NN1 in_II the_AT three_MC samples_NN2 asked_VVD 4_MC constituency_NN1 questions_NN2 in_II Hungary_NP1 and_CC between_II 9_MC (_( 2008_MC )_) and_CC almost_RR 11_MC (_( 2012_MC )_) in_II Romania_NP1 ._. 
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The_AT third_MD approach_NN1 on_II informational_JJ accounts_NN2 notes_VVZ that_CST European_JJ integration_NN1 is_VBZ too_RG complex_JJ and_CC remote_JJ from_II the_AT daily_JJ lives_NN2 of_IO most_DAT citizens_NN2 for_IF them_PPHO2 to_TO have_VHI sufficient_JJ interest_NN1 and_CC awareness_NN1 ,_, and_CC stresses_VVZ that_CST citizens_NN2 rely_VV0 on_II proxies_NN2 or_CC cues_NN2 to_TO overcome_VVI their_APPGE information_NN1 shortfalls_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
America_NP1 at_II war_NN1 became_VVD a_AT1 national_JJ security_NN1 state_NN1 ,_, organizing_VVG intensively_RR to_TO mobilize_VVI and_CC project_NN1 power_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
According_II21 to_II22 Latin_JJ American_JJ experts_NN2 ,_, events_NN2 in_II Ukraine_NP1 had_VHD the_AT potential_JJ to_TO restructure_VVI the_AT entire_JJ global_JJ system_NN1 along_II these_DD2 lines_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
In_II their_APPGE view_NN1 ,_, these_DD2 economies_NN2 exhibit_VV0 a_AT1 comparative_JJ advantage_NN1 in_II the_AT assembly_NN1 and_CC production_NN1 of_IO relatively_RR complex_JJ and_CC durable_JJ consumer_NN1 goods_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Second_MD ,_, both_RR West_ND1 and_CC East_ND1 European_JJ constitutions_NN2 are_VBR entrenched_VVN in_BCL21 order_BCL22 to_TO forestall_VVI change_NN1 by_II any_DD particular_JJ popular_JJ party_NN1 for_IF its_APPGE own_DA benefit_NN1 ._. 
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The_AT coefficients_NN2 of_IO u_ZZ1 and_CC the_AT intercept_VV0 terms_NN2 show_VV0 the_AT estimated_JJ relationships_NN2 between_II state_NN1 and_CC action_NN1 in_II the_AT "_" baseline_NN1 "_" segments_NN2 ,_, &lsqb;_( 0_MC ,_, 40_MC )_) and_CC (_( 80_MC ,_, 90_MC &rsqb;_) for_IF b_ZZ1 =_FO 10_MC and_CC &lsqb;_( 0_MC ,_, 30_MC )_) for_IF b_ZZ1 =_FO 20_MC ._. 
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Is_VBZ it_PPH1 socialism_NN1 with_IW a_AT1 balanced_JJ market_NN1 ,_, or_CC ,_, more_RGR accurately_RR ,_, a_AT1 consumer_NN1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 market_VV0 since_CS the_AT flow_NN1 of_IO supply_NN1 exceeds_VVZ the_AT flow_NN1 of_IO demand_NN1 ,_, or_CC is_VBZ it_PPH1 capitalism_NN1 with_IW a_AT1 market_NN1 characterized_VVN by_II overproduction_NN1 and_CC unemployment_NN1 ,_, with_IW still_RR partly_RR soft_JJ budget_NN1 constraints_NN2 ?_? 
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<s>
Indeed_RR ,_, Hobbes_NP1 insists_VVZ that_CST the_AT doctrine_NN1 "_" that_CST every_AT1 private_JJ man_NN1 has_VHZ an_AT1 absolute_JJ propriety_NN1 in_II his_APPGE goods_NN2 ,_, such_II21 as_II22 excludeth_VVZ the_AT right_NN1 of_IO the_AT sovereign_NN1 "_" is_VBZ one_MC1 of_IO a_AT1 handful_NN1 of_IO "_" pernicious_JJ doctrines_NN2 "_" that_CST every_AT1 commonwealth_NN1 has_VHZ to_TO suppress_VVI in_BCL21 order_BCL22 to_TO prevent_VVI dissolution_NN1 (_( Lev_NP1 29.10.213_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
The_AT organization_NN1 claimed_VVD that_CST SWIFT_NP1 was_VBDZ a_AT1 communications_NN2 carrier_NN1 much_RR like_II a_AT1 telephone_NN1 operator_NN1 rather_II21 than_II22 a_AT1 data_NN processor_NN1 and_CC thus_RR should_VM be_VBI immune_JJ to_II government_NN1 monitoring_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
We_PPIS2 find_VV0 the_AT same_DA tendency_NN1 when_CS we_PPIS2 divide_VV0 our_APPGE sample_NN1 according_II21 to_II22 the_AT two_MC locations_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
First_MD ,_, it_PPH1 suggests_VVZ that_CST states_VVZ ,_, as_CSA a_AT1 group_NN1 ,_, have_VH0 not_XX yet_RR accepted_VVN the_AT unable_JJ or_CC unwilling_JJ standard_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Hazlitt_NP1 Jr_NNA ._. '_NULL s_ZZ1 contribution_NN1 comes_VVZ through_II his_APPGE translation_NN1 of_IO the_AT French_JJ writer_NN1 Augustin_NP1 Thierry_NP1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 History_NN1 of_IO the_AT Conquest_NN1 ofEngland_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Through_II the_AT recognition_NN1 of_IO Palestine_NP1 ,_, the_AT Swedish_JJ Government_NN1 articulated_VVN a_AT1 series_NN of_IO codes_NN2 ,_, such_II21 as_II22 Sweden_NP1 as_II indepen_VV0 dent_NN1 ,_, an_AT1 initiative-taker_NN1 ,_, and_CC an_AT1 active_JJ international_JJ actor_NN1 ._. 
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The_AT EU_NP1 followed_VVD up_RP on_II this_DD1 threat_NN1 in_II March_NPM1 ,_, motivated_VVN by_II U.S._NP1 pressure_NN1 and_CC its_APPGE own_DA worries_NN2 about_II Iran_NP1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 nuclear_JJ program_NN1 ,_, and_CC passed_VVD regulations_NN2 that_CST prohibited_VVD financial_JJ messaging_NN1 services_NN2 (_( e.g._REX ,_, SWIFT_NP1 )_) from_II providing_VVG services_NN2 to_II targeted_JJ institutions_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT fourth_MD candidate_NN1 in_II the_AT presidential_JJ race_NN1 was_VBDZ Governor_NNB Jaime_NP1 "_" El_NP1 Bronco_NP1 "_" Rodríguez_NP1 from_II the_AT economically_RR important_JJ northern_JJ state_NN1 of_IO Nuevo_NP1 León_NP1 ._. 
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<s>
To_TO examine_VVI how_RRQ presidents_NN2 shape_VV0 the_AT electoral_JJ fate_NN1 of_IO prime_JJ ministers_NN2 ,_, we_PPIS2 begin_VV0 with_IW simple_JJ difference-of-means_JJ tests_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Moreover_RR ,_, the_AT role_NN1 of_IO the_AT leader_NN1 is_VBZ that_DD1 of_IO arbiter_NN1 of_IO inter-bloc_JJ contests_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Instead_RR ,_, by_II pointing_VVG to_II the_AT intimate_JJ relation_NN1 between_II constituent_NN1 power_NN1 and_CC democracy_NN1 ,_, radical_JJ democrats_NN2 are_VBR able_JK to_TO differentiate_VVI between_II any_DD institutionalized_JJ version_NN1 of_IO democracy_NN1 and_CC the_AT democratic_JJ ideal_NN1 of_IO popular_JJ selfgovernment_NN1 itself_PPX1 ._. 
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<s>
Business_NN1 does_VDZ not_XX always_RR get_VVI what_DDQ it_PPH1 wants_VVZ ._. 
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<s>
We_PPIS2 can_VM certainly_RR interpret_VVI the_AT presence_NN1 of_IO the_AT state_NN1 by_II evaluating_VVG the_AT grand_JJ vision_NN1 and_CC rhetoric_NN1 of_IO the_AT regime_NN1 ,_, gauging_VVG the_AT impact_NN1 of_IO its_APPGE policy_NN1 on_II our_APPGE well-being_NN1 ,_, or_CC reflecting_VVG on_II the_AT implications_NN2 of_IO its_APPGE legislation_NN1 on_II individual_JJ freedom_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
To_TO partly_RR defray_VVI costs_NN2 ,_, the_AT local_JJ committee_NN1 could_VM charge_VVI up_RG21 to_RG22 25_MC pfennigs_NNU2 per_II meal_NN1 (_( a_AT1 quarter_NN1 of_IO an_AT1 American_JJ cent_NNU1 in_II 1920_MC )_) under_II the_AT condi_JJ tion_NN1 "_" that_CST no_AT child_NN1 is_VBZ to_TO be_VBI refused_VVN food_NN1 because_CS he_PPHS1 is_VBZ unable_JK to_TO pay_VVI ._. "_" 
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<s>
The_AT West_ND1 could_VM avert_VVI this_DD1 outcome_NN1 only_RR by_II seizing_VVG its_APPGE window_NN1 of_IO opportunity_NN1 to_TO provide_VVI Soviet_JJ opposition_NN1 groups_NN2 with_IW the_AT resources_NN2 to_TO unify_VVI ,_, publicize_VV0 their_APPGE cause_NN1 ,_, and_CC thwart_VV0 efforts_NN2 to_TO suppress_VVI them_PPHO2 ._. 
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<s>
By_II contrast_NN1 ,_, the_AT mfa_NN1 depicted_VVD Israel_NP1 as_II a_AT1 good_JJ ,_, righteous_JJ actor_NN1 highlighting_NN1 attempts_NN2 by_II the_AT Israel_NP1 Defense_NN1 Forces_NN2 to_TO minimise_VVI loss_NN1 of_IO life_NN1 by_II distributing_VVG flyers_NN2 before_II aerial_NN1 bombardments_NN2 ,_, Israel_NP1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 opening_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 field_NN1 hos_NN2 pital_JJ near_II the_AT Gaza_NP1 Strip_NN1 and_CC Israel_NP1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 acceptance_NN1 of_IO all_DB UN-mediated_JJ humani_NN2 tarian_JJ windows_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
On_II July_NPM1 24th_MD Japan_NP1 launched_VVD the_AT Southern_JJ Advance_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Although_CS recognition_NN1 of_IO states_NN2 falls_VVZ within_II the_AT competence_NN1 of_IO member_NN1 states_NN2 ,_, Wallstrom_NP1 revealed_VVD that_CST she_PPHS1 had_VHD "_" informally_RR "_" discussed_VVD Sweden_NP1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 intention_NN1 to_TO recognize_VVI Palestine_NP1 with_IW her_APPGE European_JJ counterparts_NN2 at_II the_AT EU_NP1 Foreign_JJ Affairs_NN2 Council_NN1 on_II October_NPM1 17_MC ,_, 2017_MC (_( Riksdag_NP1 2015_MC ,_, 83_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
An_AT1 application_NN1 of_IO the_AT model_NN1 to_II the_AT German_JJ federal_JJ election_NN1 of_IO 2013_MC indicates_VVZ the_AT benefits_NN2 of_IO the_AT new_JJ approach_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Yet_RR these_DD2 critiques_NN2 are_VBR much_RR less_RGR relevant_JJ to_TO research_VVI conducted_VVN at_II individual_JJ level_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
As_II a_AT1 counter-reaction_NN1 to_II Moscow_NP1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 aggressive_JJ actions_NN2 in_II the_AT near_JJ abroad_RL ,_, neighboring_VVG countries_NN2 still_RR see_VV0 rejection_NN1 of_IO the_AT Russian_JJ language_NN1 and_CC culture_NN1 as_II a_AT1 means_NN for_IF consolidating_VVG their_APPGE own_DA national_JJ identity_NN1 and_CC state_NN1 security_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
This_DD1 section_NN1 teases_VVZ out_RP points_NN2 of_IO broader_JJR interest_NN1 and_CC illustrates_VVZ the_AT complex_JJ entanglement_NN1 of_IO the_AT religious_JJ and_CC political_JJ ._. 
</s>
<s>
Against_II this_DD1 ,_, CIW_NP1 activism_NN1 reveals_VVZ the_AT complicity_NN1 of_IO law_NN1 and_CC violent_JJ policing_NN1 in_II sustaining_VVG exploitation_NN1 and_CC demystifies_VVZ violence_NN1 ,_, that_REX21 is_REX22 ,_, it_PPH1 reveals_VVZ exploitation_NN1 as_CSA historically_RR normative_JJ and_CC made_VVD possible_JJ by_II the_AT state_NN1 ,_, growers_NN2 ,_, and_CC corporations_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT White_NP1 House_NN1 ,_, however_RR ,_, recoiled_VVD at_II what_DDQ it_PPH1 still_RR perceived_VVN to_TO be_VBI excessively_RR high_JJ numbers_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Host_VV0 governments_NN2 will_VM then_RT benefit_VVI ex_JJ21 ante_JJ22 if_CS they_PPHS2 refrain_VV0 from_II taking_VVG actions_NN2 ex_II post_NN1 that_CST inefficiently_RR impair_VV0 investment_NN1 returns_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Finally_RR ,_, the_AT demonstrated_JJ impact_NN1 that_CST actors_NN2 '_NULL interpreta_NN1 tions_NN2 of_IO shared_JJ ideas_NN2 can_VM have_VHI on_II lobbying_VVG success_NN1 gives_VVZ new_JJ impetus_NN1 to_TO schol_VVI ars_NN2 seeking_VVG to_TO understand_VVI how_RRQ the_AT multivocal_JJ nature_NN1 of_IO ideas_NN2 affects_VVZ their_APPGE function_NN1 in_II political_JJ processes_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
As_CSA Respondent_NN1 1_MC1 points_VVZ out_RP ,_, these_DD2 may_VM just_RR be_VBI two_MC different_JJ methods_NN2 to_TO accomplish_VVI the_AT same_DA goal_NN1 ;_; namely_REX ,_, a_AT1 meeting_NN1 with_IW the_AT government_NN1 official_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT role_NN1 location_NN1 process_NN1 has_VHZ been_VBN described_VVN by_II Walker_NP1 (_( 1987_MC )_) as_II the_AT heart_NN1 of_IO foreign_JJ policy_NN1 making_VVG ,_, and_CC by_II Thies_NP1 (_( 2010_MC ;_; 2013_MC )_) as_II a_AT1 socialization_NN1 process_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
In_II retrospect_NN1 ,_, Germany_NP1 was_VBDZ able_JK to_TO weather_VVI the_AT crisis_NN1 not_XX only_RR due_II21 to_II22 basic_JJ features_NN2 of_IO its_APPGE economy_NN1 but_CCB also_RR thanks_NN2 to_II its_APPGE strict_JJ welfare_NN1 and_CC labor_NN1 market_NN1 reforms_NN2 already_RR undertaken_VVN before_II the_AT outbreak_NN1 of_IO the_AT crisis_NN1 (_( Bonatti_NP1 and_CC Fracasso_NP1 2013_MC ;_; Young_NP1 and_CC Semmler_NP1 2011_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
When_CS pitting_VVG the_AT three_MC mechanisms_NN2 of_IO accountability_NN1 directly_RR against_II each_PPX221 other_PPX222 ,_, we_PPIS2 find_VV0 the_AT weakest_JJT support_NN1 for_IF the_AT form_NN1 that_CST has_VHZ received_VVN the_AT greatest_JJT attention_NN1 in_II the_AT literatureelectoral_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
By_II contrast_NN1 ,_, practice_NN1 theories_NN2 based_VVN on_II Boltanski_NP1 concentrate_VV0 on_II '_NULL the_AT critical_JJ capacity_NN1 of_IO ordinary_JJ actors_NN2 '_NULL (_( Gadinger_NP1 ,_, 2016_MC :_: 188_MC )_) ,_, while_CS others_NN2 draw_VV0 on_II symbolic_JJ interactionist_NN1 Goffman_NN1 to_TO highlight_VVI actors_NN2 '_NULL creative_JJ adaptiveness_NN1 (_( Adler-Nissen_NP1 ,_, 2014_MC ;_; Zarakol_NP1 ,_, 2011_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT second_MD line_NN1 of_IO research_NN1 building_NN1 on_II the_AT DoC_NN1 approach_NN1 ,_, with_II41 a_II42 view_II43 to_II44 extending_VVG its_APPGE reach_NN1 and_CC to_TO delve_VVI into_II the_AT intricacies_NN2 of_IO emerging_VVG post-communist_JJ capitalism_NN1 ,_, was_VBDZ conducted_VVN by_II Beata_NP1 Farkas_NP2 (_( 2011,2013_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
In_II all_DB cases_NN2 ,_, transnational_JJ entrepreneurs_NN2 gave_VVD the_AT impetus_NN1 for_IF regional_JJ OAS_NP1 setting_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
While_CS the_AT analysis_NN1 set_NN1 of_IO 30_MC groups_NN2 is_VBZ far_RG21 from_RG22 exhaustive_JJ ,_, we_PPIS2 are_VBR confident_JJ that_CST we_PPIS2 have_VH0 covered_VVN the_AT major_JJ players_NN2 involved_JJ in_II infighting_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Conflict_NN1 frame_NN1 and_CC territorial_JJ aspiration_NN1 are_VBR highly_RR significant_JJ ._. 
</s>
<s>
Together_RL ,_, these_DD2 studies_NN2 demonstrate_VV0 that_CST there_EX are_VBR many_DA2 contexts_NN2 in_II which_DDQ traditional_JJ leaders_NN2 govern_VV0 relatively_RR well_RR ,_, despite_II the_AT absence_NN1 of_IO electoral_JJ incentives_NN2 to_TO do_VDI so_RR ._. 
</s>
<s>
We_PPIS2 draw_VV0 exten_VV0 sively_RR on_II qualitative_JJ data_NN ,_, encompassing_VVG interviews_NN2 with_IW Norwegian_JJ politicians_NN2 and_CC civil_JJ servants_NN2 ,_, advisers_NN2 at_II Norwegian_JJ NGos_NP2 ,_, as_II31 well_II32 as_II33 key_JJ political_JJ actors_NN2 in_II the_AT Norwegian-Somali_JJ community_NN1 ,_, such_II21 as_II22 senior_JJ employees_NN2 at_II Norwegian_NN1 and_CC Inter_JJ national_JJ NGos_NP2 ,_, active_JJ members_NN2 of_IO Norwegian_JJ political_JJ parties_NN2 ,_, elected_VVN local_JJ politi_NN2 cians_NN2 ,_, academics_NN2 in_II the_AT Norwegian_JJ research_NN1 milieu_NN1 ,_, founders_NN2 and_CC prominent_JJ mem_NN1 bers_NN2 of_IO diaspora_NN1 organizations_NN2 ,_, and_CC former_DA and_CC current_JJ Somali_JJ politicians_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
We_PPIS2 then_RT added_VVD two_MC characteristics_NN2 of_IO the_AT parliamentarians_NN2 '_NULL behavior_NN1 in_II the_AT chamber_NN1 ,_, their_APPGE interventions_NN2 in_II the_AT commissions_NN2 (_( M_ZZ1 =_FO 102.87_MC ;_; SD_NP1 =_FO 95.79_MC )_) and_CC their_APPGE interventions_NN2 in_II the_AT plenary_JJ (_( M_ZZ1 =_FO 47.09_MC ;_; SD_NP1 =_FO 48.73_MC )_) (_( net_JJ edges_NN2 +_FO idegreepopularity_NN1 +_FO m2star_FO +_FO reciprocity_NN1 +_FO nodefactor_NN1 &lsqb;_( '_NULL Polpos_NP1 '_NULL &rsqb;_) +_FO nodecov_NN1 &lsqb;_( '_NULL IntCom_NP1 '_NULL &rsqb;_) +_FO nodecov_NN1 &lsqb;_( '_NULL IntPlen_NP1 '_NULL &rsqb;_) )_) ,_, which_DDQ was_VBDZ Model_NN1 3_MC ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT third_MD group_NN1 asks_VVZ us_PPIO2 to_TO consider_VVI the_AT role_NN1 of_IO Althusserianism_NN1 in_II discussions_NN2 around_II the_AT professionalisation_NN1 of_IO psychology_NN1 ,_, where_CS the_AT careers_NN2 of_IO Carlos_NP1 Sastre_NP1 and_CC Roberto_NP1 Harari_NP1 showed_VVD the_AT strongest_JJT connections_NN2 to_II Althusser_NP1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 work_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
It_PPH1 shows_VVZ that_CST in_II31 terms_II32 of_II33 public_NN1 opinion_NN1 ,_, modernization_NN1 is_VBZ making_VVG China_NP1 increasingly_RR compatible_JJ with_IW democracy_NN1 ,_, whether_CSW through_II being_VBG a_AT1 trigger_NN1 ,_, a_AT1 catalyst_NN1 ,_, or_CC a_AT1 bulwark_NN1 of_IO democracy_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
With_IW global_JJ confidence_NN1 low_NN1 ,_, the_AT market_NN1 for_IF US_NP1 debt_NN1 remained_VVD robust_JJ even_RR as_CSA the_AT Federal_JJ Reserve_NN1 inflated_VVD away_RL the_AT value_NN1 of_IO dollar_NNU1 assets_NN2 ,_, much_RR to_II the_AT annoyance_NN1 of_IO Beijing_NP1 ,_, the_AT United_NP1 States_NP1 '_NULL largest_JJT creditor_NN1 ,_, which_DDQ was_VBDZ reduced_VVN to_II rhetoric_NN1 that_CST amounted_VVD to_II "_" a_AT1 plea_NN1 that_CST someone_PN1 rescue_VV0 China_NP1 from_II its_APPGE own_DA investment_NN1 mistakes_NN2 "_" (_( Krugman_NP1 2009_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Hacker_NN1 and_CC Pierson_NP1 (_( along_II21 with_II22 many_DA2 others_NN2 )_) argue_VV0 that_DD1 labor_NN1 unions_NN2 have_VH0 the_AT organizational_JJ and_CC financial_JJ resources_NN2 ,_, as_II31 well_II32 as_II33 the_AT motivation_NN1 ,_, to_TO rein_VVI in_II the_AT compensation_NN1 of_IO executives_NN2 and_CC to_TO ensure_VVI packages_NN2 are_VBR structured_VVN in_II the_AT interests_NN2 of_IO the_AT firm_NN1 as_II a_AT1 whole_NN1 and_CC not_XX just_RR management_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
If_CS the_AT "_" bounded_JJ rationality_NN1 "_" account_NN1 has_VHZ wide_JJ purchase_NN1 ,_, why_RRQ have_VH0 countries_NN2 not_XX withdrawn_VVN in_II droves_NN2 once_RR the_AT counterproductive_JJ nature_NN1 of_IO these_DD2 treaties_NN2 became_VVD apparent_JJ ?_? 
</s>
<s>
Hence_RR ,_, sharing_VVG information_NN1 did_VDD provide_VVI a_AT1 network_NN1 advantage_NN1 in_II the_AT case_NN1 of_IO UN_NP1 missions_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Thirty_MC percent_NNU of_IO all_DB land_NN1 cargo_NN1 passed_VVD its_APPGE territory_NN1 on_II its_APPGE way_NN1 to_II Afghanistan_NP1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Thus_RR ,_, term_NN1 limits_NN2 allow_VV0 us_PPIO2 to_TO clearly_RR test_VVI the_AT within-state_JJ change_NN1 in_II legislators_NN2 '_NULL bureaucratic_JJ delegation_NN1 once_RR finite_JJ time_NNT1 horizons_NN2 are_VBR implemented_VVN within_II a_AT1 given_JJ state_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT literature_NN1 on_II political_JJ psychology_NN1 and_CC persuasion_NN1 also_RR demonstrates_VVZ that_CST even_RR the_AT types_NN2 of_IO communication_NN1 that_CST do_VD0 not_XX amount_NN1 to_II a_AT1 massive_JJ social_JJ movement_NN1 such_II21 as_II22 the_AT civil_JJ rights_NN2 movement_NN1 can_VM still_RR durably_RR shift_VVI political_JJ attitudes_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Kuchma_NP1 (_( 1999_MC )_) summarised_VVD this_DD1 vision_NN1 of_IO foreign_JJ policy_NN1 quite_RG concisely_RR :_: '_NULL being_VBG located_VVN at_II the_AT European_JJ crossroad_NN1 ,_, in_II a_AT1 complicated_JJ system_NN1 of_IO international_JJ axes_NN2 ,_, being_VBG at_II the_AT same_DA time_NNT1 pivotal_JJ for_IF central_JJ ,_, western_JJ ,_, and_CC southeast_ND1 Europe_NP1 ,_, our_APPGE country_NN1 can_VM not_XX afford_VVI not_XX to_TO have_VHI tight_JJ relations_NN2 with_IW these_DD2 countries_NN2 '_NULL ._. 
</s>
<s>
As_II the_AT Russian_JJ economy_NN1 began_VVD to_TO recover_VVI ,_, the_AT number_NN1 of_IO children_NN2 sent_VVN to_II the_AT United_NP1 States_NP1 declined_VVD ,_, as_CSA is_VBZ shown_VVN in_II figures_NN2 2_MC and_CC 3_MC ._. 
</s>
<s>
By_II the_AT end_NN1 of_IO the_AT 2000s_MC2 ,_, they_PPHS2 represented_VVD more_DAR than_CSN 30%_NNU ._. 
</s>
<s>
This_DD1 statement_NN1 was_VBDZ later_RRR renamed_VVN the_AT Humanitarian_JJ Pledge_NN1 and_CC endorsed_VVN by_II 127_MC countries_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT issue_NN1 came_VVD to_II the_AT fore_NN1 again_RT in_II early_RR 1952_MC ,_, when_CS the_AT French_NN1 evacuated_VVD Hoa_NP1 Binh_NP1 ,_, an_AT1 important_JJ junction_NN1 ninety_MC kilometers_NNU2 southwest_ND1 of_IO Hanoi_NP1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
It_PPH1 is_VBZ well_RR known_VVN among_II scholars_NN2 of_IO EU_NP1 law_NN1 that_CST the_AT total_JJ number_NN1 of_IO references_NN2 sent_VVN from_II national_JJ courts_NN2 to_II the_AT ECJ_NP1 has_VHZ increased_VVN dramatically_RR over_II the_AT past_JJ six_MC decades_NNT2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Molotov_NP1 ,_, how_RRQ ever_RR ,_, believed_VVD it_PPH1 would_VM be_VBI wrong_JJ to_TO help_VVI Mosaddeq_NP1 without_IW imposing_JJ condi_JJ tions_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
This_DD1 collapsing_VVG together_RL of_IO primary_JJ document_NN1 and_CC analytical_JJ frame_NN1 is_VBZ charac_JJ teristic_JJ of_IO larger_JJR problems_NN2 facing_VVG U.S._NP1 foreign_JJ relations_NN2 history_NN1 ,_, a_AT1 field_NN1 still_JJ strugglingunevenlyto_NN1 decolonize_VV0 itself_PPX1 intellectually_RR from_II the_AT U.S._NP1 national-security_JJ state_NN1 and_CC its_APPGE modes_NN2 of_IO knowing_VVG and_CC legitimating_VVG itself_PPX1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
One_MC1 of_IO the_AT key_JJ tasks_NN2 handed_VVN to_II the_AT cadres_NN2 by_II the_AT district_NN1 government_NN1 was_VBDZ to_TO combat_VVI and_CC soften_VVI the_AT resistance_NN1 of_IO some_DD villagers_NN2 who_PNQS disagreed_VVD with_IW redevelopment_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Victory_NN1 Day_NP1 has_VHZ been_VBN celebrated_VVN every_AT1 year_NNT1 in_II Russia_NP1 ;_; however_RR ,_, its_APPGE amplitude_NN1 has_VHZ grown_VVN significantly_RR in_II recent_JJ years_NNT2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
After_CS a_AT1 prolonged_JJ deliberation_NN1 regarding_II the_AT deal_NN1 ,_, the_AT Conservative-led_JJ gov_NNB ernment_NN1 approved_VVD the_AT transaction_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
In_II31 addition_II32 to_II33 going_VVG underground_RL to_TO protect_VVI and_CC hide_VVI its_APPGE nuclear_JJ weapons_NN2 ,_, Pakistan_NP1 is_VBZ going_VVG underwater_RL ._. 
</s>
<s>
Hence_RR ,_, in_II the_AT next_MD section_NN1 ,_, there_EX will_VM be_VBI an_AT1 attempt_NN1 to_TO demonstrate_VVI how_RRQ this_DD1 reading_NN1 affected_VVD Marx_NP1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 writings_NN2 between_II 1842_MC and_CC 1843_MC ._. 
</s>
<s>
At_II the_AT same_DA time_NNT1 ,_, these_DD2 countries_NN2 have_VH0 access_NN1 to_II private-sector_JJ loans_NN2 as_RR21 well_RR22 ._. 
</s>
<s>
To_TO conclude_VVI ,_, if_CS I_PPIS1 have_VH0 been_VBN successful_JJ I_PPIS1 will_VM have_VHI convinced_VVN the_AT reader_NN1 that_CST CTNL_NP1 has_VHZ emerged_VVN out_II21 of_II22 the_AT concerns_NN2 of_IO the_AT political_JJ left_JJ and_CC that_CST it_PPH1 reciprocally_RR informs_VVZ and_CC shapes_NN2 the_AT left_NN1 going_VVG forward_RL ._. 
</s>
<s>
Rather_RR ,_, he_PPHS1 objects_VVZ to_II international_JJ institutions_NN2 on_II the_AT grounds_NN2 that_CST they_PPHS2 are_VBR unconstitutional_JJ and_CC violate_VV0 the_AT principles_NN2 of_IO popular_JJ sovereignty_NN1 in_II the_AT USa_NP1 position_NN1 characteristic_NN1 of_IO the_AT '_NULL new_JJ sovereigntism_NN1 '_NULL (_( Spiro_NP1 2000_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT two_MC statistics_NN indicate_VV0 similar_JJ rankings_NN2 of_IO the_AT models_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Foreign_JJ media_NN were_VBDR restricted_VVN too_RR ,_, all_DB the_AT more_RGR so_RR after_II the_AT signing_NN1 of_IO the_AT Final_JJ Act_NN1 of_IO the_AT Helsinki_NP1 Accords_VVZ in_II 1975_MC ,_, with_IW its_APPGE so-called_JJ "_" third_MD basket_NN1 "_" that_CST included_VVD freedom_NN1 of_IO information_NN1 and_CC the_AT press_NN1 because_CS the_AT communist_JJ governments_NN2 claimed_VVD their_APPGE right_NN1 to_TO do_VDI so_RR on_II the_AT grounds_NN2 of_IO territorial_JJ integrity_NN1 (_( Machcewicz_NP1 ,_, 2014_MC ,_, p._NN1 285_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Executing_VVG a_AT1 counterforce_NN1 strike_NN1 against_II Pakistan_NP1 ,_, however_RR ,_, would_VM be_VBI exceptionally_RR difficult_JJ ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT planned_JJ economy_NN1 had_VHD existed_VVN since_CS the_AT founding_NN1 of_IO the_AT new_JJ China_NP1 ,_, and_CC continued_VVD to_TO operate_VVI until_CS the_AT reform_NN1 and_CC opening_VVG up_RP ._. 
</s>
<s>
Such_DA reasoning_NN1 ,_, common_JJ in_II political_JJ punditry_NN1 and_CC newspaper_NN1 editorial_NN1 pages_NN2 ,_, is_VBZ premised_VVN upon_II the_AT idea_NN1 that_CST voters_NN2 perceive_VV0 state_NN1 and_CC national_JJ parties_NN2 as_CSA distinct_JJ entities_NN2 or_CC notice_VV0 differences_NN2 in_II ideological_JJ positions_NN2 between_II state_NN1 and_CC national_JJ parties_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Processes_NN2 of_IO out-migration_NN1 and_CC return_NN1 can_VM aggravate_VVI old_JJ rivalries_NN2 and_CC create_VVI new_JJ divisions_NN2 between_II populations_NN2 who_PNQS were_VBDR displaced_VVN across_II borders_NN2 and_CC those_DD2 who_PNQS remained_VVD in-country_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT answer_NN1 ,_, I_PPIS1 suggest_VV0 ,_, is_VBZ '_NULL Yes_UH '_NULL ,_, and_CC therefore_RR requires_VVZ a_AT1 turn_NN1 to_II sceptical_JJ political_JJ theory_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
In_II turn_NN1 ,_, modern_JJ Democratic_JJ Party_NN1 candidates_NN2 and_CC elites_NN2 have_VH0 similar_JJ coalitional_JJ incentives_NN2 to_TO promote_VVI at_RR21 least_RR22 a_AT1 certain_JJ degree_NN1 and_CC form_NN1 of_IO interracial_JJ solidarity_NN1 ,_, such_CS21 that_CS22 the_AT Democratic_JJ Party_NN1 may_VM serve_VVI to_TO mediate_VVI the_AT relationship_NN1 between_II union_NN1 membership_NN1 and_CC attitudes_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Second_MD ,_, some_DD researchers_NN2 propose_VV0 that_CST citizens_NN2 may_VM be_VBI more_RGR interested_JJ in_II and_CC attentive_JJ to_II information_NN1 about_II individual_JJ politicians_NN2 than_CSN about_II political_JJ parties_NN2 (_( e.g._REX ,_, Kruikemeier_NP1 et_RA21 al_RA22 ._. 
</s>
<s>
2013_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Importantly_RR ,_, this_DD1 does_VDZ not_XX necessarily_RR imply_VVI turning_VVG away_II21 from_II22 all_DB forums_NN2 for_IF political_JJ discussion_NN1 online_RR ._. 
</s>
<s>
From_II 1958_MC to_II 1983_MC ,_, the_AT people_NN '_NULL s_ZZ1 commune_NN1 system_NN1 attempted_VVD to_TO mobilize_VVI idle_JJ labor_NN1 by_II increasing_JJ labor_NN1 input_NN1 in_II agricultural_JJ production_NN1 ,_, undertaking_VVG "_" labor_NN1 accumulation_NN1 ,_, "_" and_CC developing_JJ commune_NN1 and_CC brigade_NN1 enterprisesthe_NN1 predecessors_NN2 of_IO township_NN1 and_CC village_NN1 enterprises_NN2 (_( Nickum_NP1 ,_, 1978_MC ;_; Rawski_NP1 ,_, 1979_MC ;_; Huang_NP1 ,_, 1990_MC ;_; Selden_NP1 ,_, 1979_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Images_NN2 that_CST juxtapose_VV0 women_NN2 '_NULL s_ZZ1 assumed_JJ roles_NN2 as_CSA pacifistic_JJ mothers_NN2 and_CC caregivers_VVZ with_IW their_APPGE observed_JJ roles_NN2 as_CSA fighters_NN2 therefore_RR become_VV0 a_AT1 potent_JJ propaganda_NN1 instrument_NN1 and_CC a_AT1 powerful_JJ strategy_NN1 through_II which_DDQ rebel_VV0 groups_NN2 can_VM shape_VVI their_APPGE public_JJ image_NN1 (_( Bayard_NP1 de_NP1 Volo_NP1 2001_MC ,_, 42-43_MCMC ;_; Viterna_NP1 2014_MC ,_, 192_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Lenin_NP1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 cry_VV0 ,_, "_" Organization_NN1 ,_, organization_NN1 ,_, organization_NN1 is_VBZ the_AT weapon_NN1 of_IO the_AT proletariat_NN1 !_! "_" ,_, prevailed_VVN over_II anarchist_NN1 warnings_NN2 that_CST the_AT Communists_NN2 would_VM impose_VVI a_AT1 new_JJ ,_, even_RR worse_JJR ,_, tyranny_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Second_MD ,_, Trump_NN1 refocuses_VVZ sovereignty_NN1 in_II31 terms_II32 of_II33 state-society_JJ relations_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT normative_JJ view_NN1 argues_VVZ a_AT1 need_NN1 for_IF change_NN1 because_II21 of_II22 some_DD degree_NN1 of_IO local_JJ government_NN1 failure_NN1 to_TO perform_VVI its_APPGE two-fold_JJ role_NN1 –_- local_JJ democracy_NN1 and_CC local_JJ administration_NN1 (_( Clarke_NP1 and_CC Stewart_NP1 1991_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Those_DD2 practices_NN2 and_CC standards_NN2 of_IO excellence_NN1 render_VV0 them_PPHO2 not_XX only_RR under_II a_AT1 political_JJ but_CCB also_RR religious_JJ mode_NN1 of_IO agency_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Leonard_NP1 Schapiro_NP1 ,_, in_II the_AT preface_NN1 to_II his_APPGE 1966_MC book_NN1 The_AT Origins_NN2 of_IO the_AT Communist_JJ Autocracy_NN1 ,_, acknowledged_VVD the_AT deep_JJ resonance_NN1 of_IO the_AT revolution_NN1 in_II the_AT West_ND1 :_: '_NULL no_PN121 one_PN122 of_IO my_APPGE generation_NN1 will_VM readily_RR forget_VVI that_DD1 impact_NN1 in_II our_APPGE universities_NN2 ,_, and_CC in_RR21 public_RR22 ,_, literary_JJ ,_, and_CC political_JJ life_NN1 ,_, nor_CC the_AT hopes_NN2 which_DDQ were_VBDR raised_VVN among_II so_RG many_DA2 by_II what_DDQ appeared_VVD to_TO be_VBI a_AT1 new_JJ and_CC more_RGR noble_JJ form_NN1 of_IO society_NN1 '_NULL (_( Schapiro_NP1 1966_MC ,_, p._NN1 viii_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Credible_JJ nongovernmental_JJ organizations_NN2 estimate_VV0 that_CST Pakistan_NP1 has_VHZ 140–150_MCMC nuclear_JJ warheads_NN2 ,_, slightly_RR more_DAR than_CSN India_NP1 is_VBZ thought_VVN to_TO possess_VVI ._. 
</s>
<s>
He_PPHS1 told_VVD the_AT sovereign_NN1 that_CST punishment_NN1 was_VBDZ counterproductive_JJ and_CC shortsighted_JJ :_: "_" I_PPIS1 tried_VVD to_TO make_VVI clear_JJ to_II him_PPHO1 that_CST one_PN1 could_VM hardly_RR fatally_RR wound_VVI those_DD2 with_IW whom_PNQO later_JJR one_PN1 would_VM want_VVI and_CC indeed_RR have_VHI to_TO live_VVI ._. "_" 
</s>
<s>
The_AT farmers_NN2 ..._... say_VV0 he_PPHS1 is_VBZ a_AT1 man_NN1 who_PNQS understands_VVZ the_AT people_NN and_CC talks_NN2 to_II them_PPHO2 in_II their_APPGE own_DA language_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Our_APPGE study_NN1 brings_VVZ together_RL these_DD2 two_MC lines_NN2 of_IO research_NN1 by_II offering_VVG a_AT1 systematic_JJ comparison_NN1 of_IO ideological_JJ leanings_NN2 between_II party_NN1 members_NN2 and_CC ordinary_JJ Chinese_JJ citizens_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Moreover_RR ,_, powerful_JJ private_JJ interests_NN2 opposed_VVD measures_NN2 to_TO counter_VVI tax_NN1 avoidance_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Under_II Schroder_NP1 ,_, the_AT notion_NN1 of_IO Russia_NP1 as_II a_AT1 strategic_JJ part_NN1 ner_FU dominated_VVN ._. 
</s>
<s>
However_RR ,_, given_CS21 that_CS22 population_NN1 size_NN1 plays_VVZ a_AT1 prominent_JJ role_NN1 in_II civil_JJ war_NN1 research_NN1 ,_, one_PN1 might_VM worry_VVI whether_CSW it_PPH1 has_VHZ some_DD direct_JJ influence_NN1 on_II opportunities_NN2 for_IF violence_NN1 ,_, violating_VVG the_AT exclusion_NN1 criterion_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Only_RR slightly_RR less_RGR negative_JJ is_VBZ the_AT portrayal_NN1 of_IO the_AT Finnish_JJ Left_JJ Alliance_NN1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 government_NN1 participation_NN1 –_- '_NULL the_AT experience_NN1 has_VHZ been_VBN difficult_JJ and_CC the_AT results_NN2 mixed_VVN '_NULL (_( Dunphy_NP1 2007_MC :_: 52_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Now_RT ,_, its_APPGE goal_NN1 should_VM be_VBI to_TO win_VVI its_APPGE place_NN1 at_II the_AT head_NN1 of_IO the_AT working_JJ class_NN1 by_II its_APPGE superior_JJ efforts_NN2 of_IO leadership_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
To_TO further_RRR illustrate_VVI the_AT problem_NN1 ,_, consider_VV0 that_CST the_AT boundary_NN1 between_II members_NN2 of_IO an_AT1 association_NN1 and_CC non-members_NN2 is_VBZ often_RR porous_JJ ._. 
</s>
<s>
Not_XX only_RR had_VHN Republicans_NN2 openly_RR attacked_VVN Kennedy_NP1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 record_NN1 on_II foreign_JJ policy_NN1 ,_, but_CCB his_APPGE own_DA advisors_NN2 were_VBDR warning_NN1 of_IO the_AT growing_JJ disconnect_VV0 between_II his_APPGE foreign_JJ policy_NN1 and_CC the_AT domestic_JJ mood_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
For_IF what_DDQ there_EX is_VBZ here_RL is_VBZ not_XX a_AT1 mere_JJ process_NN1 without_IW a_AT1 subject_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT extent_NN1 to_II which_DDQ political_JJ parties_NN2 control_VV0 institutions_NN2 ,_, especially_RR local_JJ ones_NN2 ,_, plays_VVZ an_AT1 important_JJ role_NN1 in_II determining_VVG the_AT level_NN1 and_CC distribution_NN1 of_IO clientelism_NN1 (_( Mares_NP1 ,_, 2016_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Of_RR21 course_RR22 ,_, the_AT sanctions_NN2 regime_NN1 ,_, focused_VVN as_CSA it_PPH1 is_VBZ on_II severely_RR restricting_VVG Russia_NP1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 freedom_NN1 of_IO maneuver_NN1 in_II the_AT Arctic_JJ ,_, also_RR works_VVZ against_II a_AT1 more_RGR cooperative_JJ relationship_NN1 with_IW the_AT West_ND1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
However_RR ,_, this_DD1 position_NN1 could_VM not_XX survive_VVI the_AT aftermath_NN1 of_IO the_AT Revolution_NN1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 unleashing_NN1 of_IO democratic_JJ energies_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT final_JJ effect_NN1 of_IO either_DD1 process_NN1 is_VBZ to_TO increase_VVI the_AT degree_NN1 of_IO mutual_JJ oversight_NN1 in_BCL21 order_BCL22 to_TO enhance_VVI the_AT "_" independence_NN1 "_" that_CST an_AT1 EMB_NN1 has_VHZ from_II a_AT1 dominant_JJ incumbent_JJ regime_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Of_RR21 course_RR22 ,_, governments_NN2 could_VM use_VVI such_DA legal_JJ threats_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Although_CS ,_, as_CSA will_VM be_VBI demonstrated_VVN below_RL ,_, Holslag_NP1 is_VBZ not_XX explicit_JJ about_II the_AT reasons_NN2 for_IF naming_VVG his_APPGE theory_NN1 thus_RR ,_, it_PPH1 can_VM be_VBI understood_VVN that_CST he_PPHS1 views_VVZ China_NP1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 economic_JJ diplomacy_NN1 as_CSA '_NULL offensive_JJ '_NULL in_II the_AT sense_NN1 of_IO assertive_JJ or_CC aggressive_JJ ,_, while_CS the_AT use_NN1 of_IO the_AT disputed_JJ term_NN1 '_NULL mercantilism_NN1 '_NULL is_VBZ suggestive_JJ of_IO economic_JJ policy_NN1 ideas_NN2 that_CST favour_VV0 the_AT generating_JJ of_IO profit_NN1 and_CC hoarding_NN1 of_IO wealth_NN1 at_II the_AT expense_NN1 of_IO other_JJ actors_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Legally_RR ,_, there_EX are_VBR two_MC factors_NN2 that_CST lead_VV0 to_II foreign_JJ agent_NN1 status_NN1 :_: foreign_JJ funding_NN1 and_CC participation_NN1 in_II political_JJ activity_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
These_DD2 legacies_NN2 found_VVD expression_NN1 in_II patterns_NN2 of_IO joint_JJ decision-making_NN1 requiring_VVG agreements_NN2 between_II federal_JJ and_CC L?nder_NN1 governments_NN2 when_CS exercising_VVG shared_JJ powers_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
In_II a_AT1 very_RG different_JJ domain_NN1 ,_, the_AT Organization_NN1 for_IF Economic_JJ Cooperation_NN1 and_CC Development_NN1 (_( OECD_NP1 )_) promotes_VVZ the_AT exchange_NN1 of_IO tax_NN1 information_NN1 among_II developed_JJ and_CC developing_JJ countries_NN2 to_TO reduce_VVI tax_NN1 evasion_NN1 and_CC avoidance_NN1 and_CC as_CSA "_" an_AT1 effective_JJ way_NN1 for_IF countries_NN2 to_TO maintain_VVI sovereignty_NN1 over_II their_APPGE own_DA tax_NN1 bases_NN2 "_" (_( OECD_NP1 2006_MC ,_, 4_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
What_DDQ was_VBDZ it_PPH1 that_RG instead_RR produced_VVD the_AT results_NN2 summarized_VVN in_II the_AT Table_NN1 above_RL ?_? 
</s>
<s>
In_II this_DD1 self-referential_JJ ,_, Girardian/Keynesian_JJ financial_JJ world_NN1 bubbles_NN2 easily_RR emerge_VV0 ,_, only_RR to_II implode_NN1 later_RRR in_II41 the_II42 light_II43 of_II44 disappointments_NN2 (_( ibid._RR ,_, 241-309_MCMC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT engagement_NN1 of_IO South_NP1 Sudan_JJ by_II evangelicals_NN2 of_IO the_AT global_JJ north_ND1 has_VHZ been_VBN a_AT1 major_JJ moment_NN1 in_II its_APPGE formation_NN1 as_II a_AT1 unique_JJ and_CC critical_JJ international_JJ constituency_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
A_AT1 second_MD theme_NN1 that_CST is_VBZ highlighted_VVN across_II the_AT geographi_NN2 cal_NNU essays_NN2 in_II this_DD1 collection_NN1 (_( regional_JJ and_CC national_JJ perspec_NN1 tives_NN2 )_) is_VBZ how_RRQ domestic_JJ interests_NN2 shape_VV0 the_AT agenda_NN1 and_CC priorities_NN2 of_IO member_NN1 states_VVZ at_II the_AT AIIB_NN1 ,_, and_CC the_AT quality_NN1 and_CC quantity_NN1 of_IO their_APPGE participation_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
They_PPHS2 engage_VV0 in_II democratic_JJ deliberation_NN1 selectively_RR to_TO appropriate_VVI or_CC reject_VVI past_JJ traditions_NN2 or_CC present_JJ actions_NN2 ,_, in_II31 light_II32 of_II33 their_APPGE normative_JJ ideals_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Even_RR more_RGR interestingly_RR ,_, in_II31 light_II32 of_II33 the_AT citizen-candidate_JJ model_NN1 presented_VVD below_RL ,_, Jessee_NP1 and_CC Malhotra_NP1 provide_VV0 evidence_NN1 that_CST these_DD2 biases_NN2 occur_VV0 at_II the_AT candidate_NN1 emergence_NN1 stage_NN1 rather_II21 than_II22 at_II the_AT point_NN1 when_CS party_NN1 members_NN2 choose_VV0 their_APPGE leader_NN1 from_II among_II the_AT slate_NN1 of_IO candidates_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
They_PPHS2 are_VBR willing_JJ to_TO dispute_VVI the_AT foreign_JJ policies_NN2 of_IO both_DB2 the_AT opposition_NN1 and_CC the_AT establishment_NN1 of_IO their_APPGE own_DA party_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Economic_JJ gradients_NN2 and_CC gradients_NN2 in_II richness_NN1 in_II biological_JJ diversity_NN1 show_VV0 reverse_JJ trends_NN2 :_: highest_JJT biodiversity_NN1 is_VBZ gener_NN1 ally_NN1 found_VVN in_II the_AT poorer_JJR countries_NN2 ,_, in_RR21 particular_RR22 of_IO the_AT tropi_NN2 cal_NNU regions_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
I_PPIS1 have_VH0 never_RR joined_VVN any_DD organisation_NN1 ,_, union_NN1 ,_, group_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
In_RR21 addition_RR22 ,_, Bulgaria_NP1 was_VBDZ reimbursed_VVN by_II the_AT United_NP1 States_NP1 for_IF the_AT debt_NN1 owed_VVN to_II it_PPH1 by_II Iraq_NP1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Two_MC weeks_NNT2 before_II the_AT election_NN1 ,_, however_RR ,_, Wellstone_NP1 ,_, his_APPGE wife_NN1 ,_, his_APPGE daughter_NN1 ,_, and_CC four_MC others_NN2 were_VBDR killed_VVN in_II a_AT1 small_JJ plane_NN1 crash_NN1 in_II rural_JJ Minnesota_NP1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Successful_JJ French_JJ operations_NN2 like_II the_AT one_PN1 that_CST took_VVD place_NN1 just_RR northeast_ND1 of_IO Seno_NN1 in_II January_NPM1 1954_MC ,_, Mecklin_NP1 suggested_VVD ,_, were_VBDR "_" so_RG very_RG badly_RR reported_VVN in_II Saigon_NP1 that_CST nobody_PN1 fully_RR appreciated_VVD the_AT full_JJ proportions_NN2 of_IO the_AT French_JJ success_NN1 until_CS days_NNT2 later_RRR ._. "_" 
</s>
<s>
The_AT article_NN1 also_RR details_NN2 how_RRQ and_CC why_RRQ misplacement_NN1 occurs_VVZ and_CC studies_NN2 its_APPGE implications_NN2 both_RR for_IF the_AT states_NN2 in_II question_NN1 as_RG well_RR as_CSA for_IF the_AT politics_NN1 of_IO their_APPGE geographical_JJ regions_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Historically_RR ,_, right_JJ wing_NN1 parties_NN2 in_II Europe_NP1 have_VH0 been_VBN more_RGR likely_JJ to_TO embrace_VVI military_JJ rearmament_NN1 ,_, and_CC confrontation_NN1 of_IO the_AT Soviet_JJ threat_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT contents_NN2 and_CC scope_NN1 of_IO decentralisation_NN1 expanded_VVN as_II the_AT reform_NN1 proceeded_VVD ,_, from_II the_AT examination_NN1 and_CC approval_NN1 authority_NN1 to_II economic_JJ management_NN1 authority_NN1 ,_, then_RT to_TO '_NULL decentralise_VVI as_RG much_DA1 as_CSA possible_JJ '_NULL (_( neng_VV0 fang_NN1 jiu_NN1 fang_NN1 )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
During_II the_AT Soviet_JJ rule_NN1 ,_, several_DA2 spetsial_JJ '_NULL nye_NN1 predstaviteli_NN2 were_VBDR instrumental_JJ in_II establishing_VVG high-level_JJ channels_NN2 of_IO communication_NN1 to_TO settle_VVI bilateral_JJ disputes_NN2 or_CC normalize_VV0 shaky_JJ diplomatic_JJ relations_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Combined_JJ ,_, the_AT Four_MC Comprehensives_NN2 form_VV0 the_AT preconditions_NN2 for_IF development_NN1 in_II the_AT era_NN1 of_IO the_AT '_NULL new_JJ normal_JJ '_NULL ._. 
</s>
<s>
Governments_NN2 calculated_VVD the_AT national_JJ material_NN1 consequences_NN2 of_IO the_AT crisis_NN1 and_CC the_AT national_JJ costs_NN2 of_IO alternative_JJ adjustment_NN1 options_NN2 ,_, and_CC they_PPHS2 oriented_VVD their_APPGE policy_NN1 positions_NN2 towards_II the_AT least_RGT costly_JJ option_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Second_MD ,_, Paul_NP1 filed_VVD a_AT1 class-action_JJ lawsuit_NN1 in_II federal_JJ court_NN1 against_II the_AT NSA_NN1 in_II February_NPM1 2014_MC alleging_VVG that_CST the_AT NSA_NN1 domestic_JJ surveillance_NN1 and_CC metadata_NN1 collec_NN1 tion_NN1 programs_NN2 were_VBDR illegal_JJ (_( Paul_NP1 2014f_RA ;_; Savage_NP1 2014_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Both_RR projected_JJ self-confidence_NN1 ,_, responded_VVN to_II a_AT1 crisis_NN1 with_IW a_AT1 bold_JJ vision_NN1 ,_, and_CC stuck_VVN to_II that_DD1 vision_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Among_II further_JJR dichotomies_NN2 identified_VVN in_II the_AT literature_NN1 ,_, the_AT one_PN1 between_II official_JJ and_CC unofficial_JJ emissaries_NN2 is_VBZ mostly_RR relevant_JJ for_IF contemporary_JJ diplomacy_NN1 ,_, because_II21 of_II22 the_AT growing_JJ relevance_NN1 of_IO non-state_JJ entities_NN2 in_II foreign_JJ policy_NN1 and_CC the_AT need_NN1 to_TO utilize_VVI informal_JJ channels_NN2 of_IO commu_NN1 nication_NN1 in_II politically_RR sensitive_JJ contexts_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT in-depth_JJ analysis_NN1 of_IO our_APPGE case_NN1 study_NN1 suggests_VVZ two_MC important_JJ findings_NN2 to_TO better_RRR understand_VVI public_JJ reaction_NN1 to_II how_RRQ parliament_NN1 considers_VVZ e-petitions_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
To_TO determine_VVI the_AT competitiveness_NN1 of_IO them_PPHO2 ,_, we_PPIS2 adopted_VVD the_AT same_DA approach_NN1 as_CSA Edgell_NP1 et_RA21 al_RA22 ._. 
</s>
<s>
(_( 2015_MC )_) and_CC utilized_VVD data_NN from_II Coppedge_NP1 et_RA21 al_RA22 ._. 
</s>
<s>
(_( 2017_MC ,_, v2elmulpar_FO )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
To_TO assess_VVI the_AT political_JJ importance_NN1 of_IO these_DD2 effect_NN1 sizes_NN2 ,_, we_PPIS2 compare_VV0 these_DD2 coefficients_NN2 to_II the_AT magnitude_NN1 of_IO coefficients_NN2 on_II other_JJ variables_NN2 that_CST prior_JJ literature_NN1 has_VHZ deemed_VVN important_JJ in_II shaping_JJ attitudes_NN2 toward_II courts_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT problems_NN2 accompanying_VVG this_DD1 approach_NN1 are_VBR too_RG many_DA2 to_TO enumerate_VVI ;_; "_" two_MC must_VM suffice_VVI ._. 
</s>
<s>
Simply_RR by_II stacking_NN1 up_II rural_JJ houses_NN2 ,_, the_AT opportunity_NN1 for_IF development_NN1 and_CC revenue_NN1 is_VBZ unleashed_VVN ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT age_NN1 ineligibility_NN1 thus_RR creates_VVZ a_AT1 "_" glass-ceiling_JJ "_" effect_NN1 for_IF some_DD local_JJ politicians_NN2 who_PNQS are_VBR not_XX eligible_JJ for_IF promotion_NN1 despite_II their_APPGE strong_JJ performance_NN1 (_( Kostka_NP1 &;_NULL Xiaofan_NP1 ,_, 2015_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Thus_RR ,_, the_AT government_NN1 maneuvered_VVD monetary_JJ policy_NN1 to_II both_DB2 control_VV0 inflation_NN1 and_CC cope_VV0 with_IW exchange_NN1 rate_NN1 appreciation_NN1 pressures_NN2 in_II the_AT context_NN1 of_IO strong_JJ capital_NN1 inflows_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Specifically_RR ,_, it_PPH1 informs_VVZ the_AT OECD_NP1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 input_NN1 to_II the_AT G20_FO Framework_NN1 for_IF Strong_JJ ,_, Sustainable_JJ and_CC Balanced_JJ Growth_NN1 as_II31 well_II32 as_II33 the_AT G20_FO National_JJ Growth_NN1 Strategies_NN2 ,_, which_DDQ were_VBDR designed_VVN as_II a_AT1 multilateral_JJ mechanism_NN1 to_TO pursue_VVI the_AT goal_NN1 of_IO expanding_VVG economic_JJ growth_NN1 by_II 2%_NNU by_II 2018_MC through_II growth-enhancing_JJ reforms_NN2 and_CC the_AT monitoring_NN1 of_IO countries_NN2 '_NULL progress_VV0 in_II achieving_VVG them_PPHO2 (_( Schwanen_NP1 ,_, 2010_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
In_II an_AT1 upper_JJ middle-income_JJ economy_NN1 such_II21 as_II22 Malaysia_NP1 ,_, this_DD1 entry_NN1 threshold_NN1 opens_VVZ the_AT door_NN1 for_IF most_DAT Malaysian_JJ households_NN2 to_II a_AT1 middle_JJ class_NN1 position_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Indeed_RR ,_, Nietzsche_NP1 himself_PPX1 noted_VVD the_AT binding_JJ effect_NN1 of_IO humanity_NN1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 exemplars_NN2 ,_, that_CST they_PPHS2 form_VV0 a_AT1 "_" chain_NN1 "_" across_II the_AT millennia_NNT2 that_CST animates_VVZ a_AT1 practical_JJ faith_NN1 in_II the_AT unity_NN1 and_CC permanence_NN1 of_IO humanity_NN1 (_( UM.2.9_FO )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
It_PPH1 had_VHD a_AT1 diverse_JJ agenda_NN1 ,_, with_IW a_AT1 focus_NN1 on_II both_DB2 socio-economic_JJ and_CC political_JJ discontent_NN1 ,_, staged_VVN by_II the_AT platform_NN1 Democracia_NP1 Real_JJ Ya_PPY ._. 
</s>
<s>
One_MC1 strand_NN1 of_IO the_AT emerging_JJ research_NN1 on_II crime_NN1 sees_VVZ victims_NN2 as_CSA resigned_VVN to_II the_AT harm_NN1 inflicted_VVN upon_II them_PPHO2 by_II criminal_JJ actors_NN2 amid_II absent_JJ or_CC complicit_NN1 states_VVZ in_II contexts_NN2 of_IO "_" endemic_JJ fear_NN1 and_CC insecurity_NN1 "_" (_( Moser_NP1 and_CC McIlwaine_NP1 2004_MC ,_, 3-4_MCMC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
This_DD1 work_NN1 is_VBZ important_JJ to_II the_AT argument_NN1 made_VVD below_RL because_CS I_PPIS1 claim_VV0 leaders_NN2 live_VV0 up_II21 to_II22 their_APPGE campaign_NN1 promises_NN2 ,_, and_CC this_DD1 work_NN1 suggests_VVZ institutional_JJ constraints_NN2 may_VM keep_VVI leaders_NN2 from_II doing_VDG so_RR ._. 
</s>
<s>
But_CCB the_AT 25,000_MC people_NN who_PNQS took_VVD to_II the_AT streets_NN2 around_II the_AT White_NP1 House_NN1 on_II November_NPM1 27_MC ,_, 1965_MC ,_, or_CC the_AT 400,000_MC people_NN who_PNQS marched_VVD in_II Central_JJ Park_NN1 on_II April_NPM1 15_MC ,_, 1967_MC ,_, proved_VVD that_CST the_AT Cold_JJ War_NN1 con_NN1 sensus_NN1 was_VBDZ eroding_JJ (_( Andrieu-Pafundi_NP1 1991_MC ,_, 87_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
In_RR21 particular_RR22 ,_, these_DD2 differences_NN2 should_VM be_VBI especially_RR acute_JJ with_II31 regard_II32 to_II33 '_NULL deep_JJ integration_NN1 '_NULL issues_NN2 that_CST increase_VV0 the_AT potential_NN1 for_IF friction_NN1 between_II divergent_JJ economic_JJ systems_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
So_RR ,_, while_CS this_DD1 article_NN1 focuses_VVZ mostly_RR on_II the_AT role_NN1 in_II international_JJ class_NN1 politics_NN1 of_IO Irish_JJ immigrants_NN2 residing_VVG in_II England_NP1 ,_, one_PN1 should_VM not_XX lose_VVI from_II sight_NN1 that_CST in_II Capital_NN1 Marx_NP1 endorsed_VVD the_AT powerful_JJ and_CC well-organised_JJ Irish_JJ diaspora_NN1 in_II the_AT US_NP1 and_CC invited_VVD it_PPH1 to_TO take_VVI advantage_NN1 of_IO its_APPGE location_NN1 in_II the_AT '_NULL young_JJ giant_JJ Republic_NN1 '_NULL to_TO confront_VVI their_APPGE former_DA English_JJ masters_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Throughout_II the_AT years_NNT2 ,_, his_APPGE intentions_NN2 were_VBDR changing_VVG as_CSA he_PPHS1 was_VBDZ setting_VVG different_JJ problems_NN2 for_IF himself_PPX1 and_CC speaking_VVG to_II different_JJ audiences_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Ballin_NP1 led_VVD strong_JJ opposition_NN1 against_II the_AT naval_JJ policy_NN1 and_CC started_VVD to_TO promote_VVI efforts_NN2 to_TO improve_VVI relations_NN2 between_II the_AT two_MC countries_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Perhaps_RR a_AT1 contemporary_JJ viewing_NN1 might_VM ,_, as_CSA it_PPH1 once_RR did_VDD ,_, provoke_VV0 scepticism_NN1 about_II the_AT logic_NN1 and_CC moral_JJ status_NN1 of_IO nuclear_JJ war_NN1 ,_, connect_VV0 abstract_JJ strategic_JJ language_NN1 with_IW human_JJ consequences_NN2 ,_, and_CC instigate_VV0 a_AT1 public_JJ debate_NN1 about_II the_AT necessity_NN1 or_CC otherwise_RR of_IO nuclear_JJ weapons_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT court_NN1 would_VM be_VBI biased_VVN ,_, comprising_VVG the_AT puppets_NN2 of_IO powerful_JJ states_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Thus_RR ,_, as_CSA the_AT proportion_NN1 of_IO foreign_JJ owner_NN1 ship_NN1 in_II any_DD given_JJ strategic_JJ sector_NN1 expands_VVZ ,_, the_AT government_NN1 will_VM be_VBI more_RGR likely_JJ to_II resort_NN1 to_II protectionist_JJ measures_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
This_DD1 logic_NN1 is_VBZ explained_VVN by_II a_AT1 statement_NN1 of_IO Ahmad-Zadeh_NP1 (_( 1971_MC :_: 2_MC )_) ,_, a_AT1 founder_NN1 of_IO the_AT Iranian_JJ People_NN '_NULL s_ZZ1 Fadaee_NP1 organization_NN1 ,_, which_DDQ emerged_VVD from_II a_AT1 mass_JJ nonviolent_JJ campaign_NN1 against_II the_AT Shah_NP1 regime_NN1 in_II Iran_NP1 :_: '_NULL we_PPIS2 certainly_RR do_VD0 not_XX expect_VVI the_AT direct_JJ support_NN1 of_IO the_AT people_NN immediately_RR ..._... 
</s>
<s>
._. Data_NN selection_NN1 and_CC analysis_NN1 were_VBDR tailored_VVN to_II the_AT requirements_NN2 of_IO both_DB2 steps_NN2 and_CC the_AT characteristics_NN2 of_IO individual_JJ cohorts_NN2 ,_, with_IW triangulation_NN1 as_CSA priority_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Our_APPGE results_NN2 suggest_VV0 that_CST competitive_JJ policies_NN2 ,_, even_RR those_DD2 that_CST offer_VV0 material_NN1 benefits_NN2 to_II people_NN ,_, may_VM be_VBI less_RGR likely_JJ to_TO be_VBI selected_VVN with_IW an_AT1 equal_JJ voting_NN1 rule_NN1 (_( compared_VVN with_IW a_AT1 weighted_JJ voting_NN1 rule_NN1 )_) ,_, when_CS there_EX is_VBZ an_AT1 alternative_NN1 offering_VVG a_AT1 public_JJ good_JJ aspect_NN1 if_CS the_AT population_NN1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 inequality-averse_JJ preferences_NN2 are_VBR sufficiently_RR strong_JJ and_CC the_AT competitive_JJ policies_NN2 generate_VV0 a_AT1 greater_JJR inequality_NN1 among_II people_NN ._. 
</s>
<s>
According_II21 to_II22 O_NP1 '_NULL Donnell_NP1 (_( 1998_MC ,_, 117_MC )_) ,_, "_" This_DD1 kind_NN1 of_IO accountability_NN1 depends_VVZ on_II the_AT existence_NN1 of_IO state_NN1 agencies_NN2 that_CST are_VBR legally_RR empoweredand_VV0 factually_RR willing_JJ and_CC ableto_NN1 take_VV0 actions_NN2 ranging_VVG from_II routine_NN1 oversight_NN1 to_II criminal_JJ sanctions_NN2 or_CC impeachment_NN1 in_II31 relation_II32 to_II33 possibly_RR unlawful_JJ actions_NN2 or_CC omissions_NN2 by_II other_JJ agencies_NN2 of_IO the_AT state_NN1 ._. "_" 
</s>
<s>
Meanwhile_RR ,_, however_RR ,_, internal_JJ changes_NN2 in_II the_AT German_JJ government_NN1 had_VHD taken_VVN place_NN1 ,_, affecting_VVG the_AT Ballin_NP1 and_CC Cassel_NP1 initiative_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
In_RR21 general_RR22 ,_, considering_CS these_DD2 findings_NN2 ,_, there_RL appear_VV0 to_TO be_VBI important_JJ dif_NN1 ferences_NN2 between_II Twitter_NN1 and_CC Facebook_NN1 when_CS it_PPH1 comes_VVZ to_II the_AT potential_NN1 and_CC practice_NN1 of_IO digital_JJ diplomacy_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Among_II many_DA2 other_JJ such_DA publicists_NN2 ,_, Aleksandr_NP1 Dugin_NP1 (_( 1992_MC )_) had_VHD ,_, at_II the_AT beginning_NN1 of_IO the_AT 1990s_MC2 ,_, argued_VVD that_CST Gorbachev_NP1 was_VBDZ a_AT1 "_" double_JJ agent_NN1 "_" and_CC that_CST he_PPHS1 had_VHD stabbed_VVN the_AT Soviet_JJ Union_NN1 in_II the_AT back_NN1 (_( though_CS Dugin_NP1 then_RT oddly_RR claimed_VVN that_CST Gorbachev_NP1 had_VHD done_VDN so_RR with_IW the_AT help_NN1 of_IO an_AT1 "_" Atlanticist_JJ "_" lobby_NN1 within_II the_AT KGB_NP1 )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Bellacqua_NN1 2010_MC ;_; Lo_FW 2008_MC ;_; Trenin_NP1 2012_MC ;_; Rozman_NP1 2014_MC ;_; Wilkins_NP1 2008_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
This_DD1 paper_NN1 demonstrates_VVZ that_CST with_II31 regard_II32 to_II33 the_AT promotion_NN1 of_IO PPPs_NP2 ,_, the_AT supranational_JJ activism_NN1 of_IO the_AT EIB_NN1 can_VM be_VBI explained_VVN in_II31 terms_II32 of_II33 the_AT bank_NN1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 operation_NN1 as_II a_AT1 policy_NN1 entrepreneur_NN1 (_( Kingdon_NP1 1995_MC ;_; and_CC in_II the_AT EU_NP1 context_NN1 Cram_NN1 1997_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
I_PPIS1 am_VBM grateful_JJ to_II discussants_NN2 and_CC panel_NN1 attendees_NN2 for_IF their_APPGE comments_NN2 ,_, in_RR21 particular_RR22 Francesc_NP1 Amat_NP1 ,_, Sarah_NP1 Shair-Rosenfield_NP1 ,_, and_CC Guillermo_NP1 Toral_NP1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
These_DD2 contrasting_JJ perspectives_NN2 have_VH0 contributed_VVN to_TO differ_VVI ent_JJ government_NN1 positions_NN2 and_CC regulation_NN1 of_IO GM_NP1 foods_NN2 ,_, either_RR favouring_VVG the_AT use_NN1 of_IO this_DD1 technology_NN1 and_CC liberalizing_VVG GM_NP1 products_NN2 ,_, or_CC prohibiting_VVG GM_NP1 foods_NN2 with_IW an_AT1 accent_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 precautionary_JJ approach_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
On_II January_NPM1 19_MC ,_, 2012_MC ,_, a_AT1 normal_JJ weekday_NNT1 in_II Shanghai_NP1 ,_, congress_NN1 deputy_NN1 Zhang_NN1 came_VVD to_II the_AT "_" Deputy_NN1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 Work_VV0 Station_NN1 "_" at_II N_ZZ1 sub-district_JJ office_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT importance_NN1 of_IO this_DD1 approach_NN1 stems_VVZ from_II the_AT fact_NN1 that_CST focusing_VVG on_II a_AT1 limited_JJ set_NN1 of_IO indicators_NN2 ,_, such_II21 as_II22 those_DD2 measuring_VVG institutional_JJ conflict_NN1 ,_, obscures_VVZ others_NN2 that_CST may_VM drive_VVI the_AT decision_NN1 to_TO reshape_VVI institutional_JJ authority_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
However_RR ,_, all_DB else_RR being_VBG equal_JJ ,_, economic_JJ interdependence_NN1 dampens_VVZ conflictive_JJ tendencies_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
We_PPIS2 can_VM not_XX interfere_VVI in_II the_AT domestic_JJ affairs_NN2 of_IO Iran_NP1 ._. "_" 
</s>
<s>
This_DD1 does_VDZ not_XX lie_VVI in_II providing_VVG any_DD ready-made_JJ conclusion_NN1 or_CC making_VVG any_DD deterministic_JJ prediction_NN1 ,_, but_CCB rather_RR in_II offering_VVG a_AT1 method_NN1 of_IO historical_JJ analysis_NN1 which_DDQ is_VBZ based_VVN on_II real_JJ contradictions_NN2 and_CC conflicts_NN2 in_II the_AT society_NN1 ,_, rather_II21 than_II22 sticking_VVG to_II a_AT1 theoretical_JJ model_NN1 with_IW assumptions_NN2 of_IO little_JJ historical_JJ relevance_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
We_PPIS2 show_VV0 that_CST ,_, in_II a_AT1 variety_NN1 of_IO choice_NN1 environments_NN2 ,_, these_DD2 expectations_NN2 induce_VV0 a_AT1 strict_JJ preference_NN1 on_II41 the_II42 part_II43 of_II44 the_AT voter_NN1 for_IF more_RGR extreme_JJ candidates_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT qualifier_NN1 "_" main_JJ "_" reason_NN1 is_VBZ important_JJ here_RL ,_, as_CSA Russia_NP1 is_VBZ a_AT1 case_NN1 in_II which_DDQ the_AT racism_NN1 of_IO bolel_NN1 '_NULL shchiki_NN2 attitudes_NN2 is_VBZ somewhat_RR "_" overdetermined_VVD "_" by_II numerous_JJ historical_JJ and_CC political_JJ legacies_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Indeed_RR ,_, if_CS one_PN1 views_VVZ mass_JJ discourse_NN1 as_II an_AT1 important_JJ part_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 deliberative_JJ system_NN1 ,_, it_PPH1 is_VBZ particularly_RR vital_JJ to_TO assess_VVI the_AT conditions_NN2 by_II which_DDQ the_AT public_NN1 will_VM engage_VVI in_II laudatory_JJ discursive_JJ practices_NN2 without_IW moderators_NN2 or_CC formal_JJ institutional_JJ structures_NN2 encouraging_VVG them_PPHO2 to_TO do_VDI so_RR ._. 
</s>
<s>
He_PPHS1 responded_VVD by_II giving_VVG his_APPGE wife_NN1 the_AT silent_JJ treatment_NN1 for_IF the_AT rest_NN1 of_IO the_AT evening_NNT1 and_CC the_AT entire_JJ next_MD day_NNT1 (_( Thursday_NPD1 ,_, April_NPM1 14_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
At_II the_AT same_DA time_NNT1 ,_, diplomats_NN2 would_VM generally_RR recognise_VVI that_CST the_AT reforms_NN2 did_VDD not_XX fundamentally_RR change_VVI Bercy_NP1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 overwhelming_JJ capacity_NN1 in_II every_AT1 aspect_NN1 of_IO economic_JJ affairs_NN2 ,_, still_RR making_VVG cooperation_NN1 indispensable_JJ ._. 
</s>
<s>
One_MC1 potential_NN1 ex_II planation_NN1 is_VBZ that_DD1 foreign_JJ troops_NN2 bolster_VV0 the_AT local_JJ government_NN1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 ability_NN1 to_TO deter_VVI ini_NN2 tial_JJ mobilizations_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
It_PPH1 could_VM draw_VVI some_DD inspiration_NN1 from_II the_AT existing_JJ similar_JJ mechanisms_NN2 under_II other_JJ conventions_NN2 ,_, such_II21 as_II22 the_AT Subsidiary_JJ Body_NN1 on_II Scientific_JJ ,_, Technical_JJ and_CC Technological_JJ Advice_NN1 (_( SBSTTA_NP1 )_) of_IO the_AT CBD_NN1 ,_, which_DDQ invites_VVZ contribution_NN1 from_II non-governmental_JJ organizations_NN2 (_( NGOs_NP2 )_) ,_, and_CC ensures_VVZ cooperation_NN1 with_IW relevant_JJ international_JJ ,_, regional_JJ and_CC national_JJ organizations_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT magnitude_NN1 of_IO this_DD1 effect_NN1 is_VBZ similar_JJ to_II the_AT difference_NN1 in_II attendance_NN1 rates_NN2 between_II those_DD2 in_II leadership_NN1 positions_NN2 and_CC the_AT rank-and-file_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Even_RR then_RT ,_, party_NN1 affairs_NN2 were_VBDR not_XX the_AT limit_NN1 of_IO its_APPGE impact_NN1 ,_, for_IF the_AT reform_NN1 drive_NN1 went_VVD on_RP to_TO reach_VVI the_AT institutions_NN2 of_IO American_JJ national_JJ government_NN1 themselves_PPX2 ,_, most_RGT especially_RR with_II31 regard_II32 to_II33 the_AT internal_JJ operations_NN2 of_IO Congress_NN1 and_CC the_AT internal_JJ procedures_NN2 of_IO the_AT federal_JJ bureaucracy_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Right-wing_JJ populist_JJ party_NN1 leaders_NN2 not_XX only_RR work_VV0 to_TO attract_VVI mainstream_JJ media_NN attention_NN1 ,_, they_PPHS2 have_VH0 also_RR increased_VVN their_APPGE presence_NN1 on_II the_AT Internet_NN1 and_CC have_VH0 widened_VVN the_AT use_NN1 of_IO social_JJ media_NN and_CC their_APPGE interactive_JJ features_NN2 ,_, such_II21 as_II22 liking_VVG ,_, sharing_VVG ,_, commenting_VVG ,_, and_CC retweeting_VVG ._. 
</s>
<s>
This_DD1 can_VM be_VBI seen_VVN as_II an_AT1 extension_NN1 of_IO the_AT internal_JJ South_NP1 African_JJ process_NN1 ,_, since_II 1994_MC ,_, to_TO include_VVI more_DAR women_NN2 in_II leadership_NN1 and_CC decision-making_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT opening_NN1 of_IO ports_NN2 was_VBDZ a_AT1 very_RG beneficial_JJ measure_NN1 for_IF Brazilian_JJ exports_NN2 ,_, adding_VVG the_AT Brazilian_JJ land_NN1 owners_NN2 '_NULL immediate_JJ support_NN1 to_II the_AT court_NN1 in_II Rio_NP1 (_( Bethell_NP1 1989_MC ,_, 18-19_MCMC ;_; Burns_NP1 1980_MC ,_, 145-147_MCMC ;_; Da_NP1 Cunha_NP1 1997_MC ,_, 141-142_MCMC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
They_PPHS2 also_RR see_VV0 the_AT military_JJ revolution_NN1 thesis_NN1 as_CSA constituting_VVG "_" the_AT dominant_JJ paradigm_NN1 of_IO state-formation_JJ theory_NN1 in_II contemporary_JJ scholarship_NN1 and_CC serving_VVG as_CSA one_MC1 of_IO the_AT key_JJ intellectual_JJ legitimations_NN2 for_IF mainstream_JJ IR_NN1 accounts_NN2 of_IO the_AT rise_NN1 of_IO the_AT modern_JJ states-system_NN1 "_" (_( Teschke_NP1 ,_, 2003_MC :_: 118–119_MCMC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
On_II the_AT other_JJ hand_NN1 ,_, this_DD1 policy_NN1 does_VDZ get_VVI made_VVN differently_RR ,_, through_II a_AT1 recurrent_JJ process_NN1 of_IO policy-making_NN1 unlike_II those_DD2 characterizing_VVG the_AT immediate_JJ postwar_JJ years_NNT2 or_CC the_AT successor_NN1 period_NN1 of_IO divided_JJ government_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Understanding_VVG how_RRQ power_NN1 transitions_NN2 play_VV0 out_RP therefore_RR requires_VVZ careful_JJ empirical_JJ examination_NN1 of_IO the_AT distribution_NN1 of_IO preferences_NN2 (_( Kahler_NP1 2010_MC ,_, Kahler_NP1 2013_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Tax_NN1 politics_NN1 in_II the_AT grid_NN1 refers_VVZ to_II the_AT general_JJ climate_NN1 of_IO local_JJ political_JJ debate_NN1 and_CC is_VBZ admittedly_RR more_RGR difficult_JJ to_TO assess_VVI ,_, but_CCB such_DA questions_NN2 are_VBR crucial_JJ for_IF the_AT complexion_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 tax_NN1 regime_NN1 ,_, and_CC can_VM not_XX be_VBI ignored_VVN altogether_RR ,_, even_CS21 if_CS22 they_PPHS2 do_VD0 require_VVI careful_JJ handling_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Hence_RR ,_, the_AT research_NN1 challenge_NN1 is_VBZ to_TO measure_VVI the_AT extent_NN1 of_IO inconsistency_NN1 or_CC ,_, rather_RR ,_, the_AT distance_NN1 from_II the_AT ideal_JJ type_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT Islamic_JJ world_NN1 is_VBZ vast_JJ and_CC diverse_JJ ._. 
</s>
<s>
Do_VD0 citizens_NN2 with_IW the_AT opportunity_NN1 to_TO directly_RR elect_VVI their_APPGE local_JJ government_NN1 executives_NN2 express_VV0 greater_JJR approval_NN1 of_IO their_APPGE local_JJ government_NN1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 performance_NN1 than_CSN their_APPGE counterparts_NN2 in_II communities_NN2 with_IW indirectly_RR elected_VVN or_CC appointed_JJ executives_NN2 ?_? 
</s>
<s>
They_PPHS2 are_VBR precluded_VVN from_II defending_VVG special_JJ interests_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Recent_JJ attempts_NN2 to_TO '_NULL rehabilitate_VVI rhetoric_NN1 as_II a_AT1 legitimate_JJ component_NN1 of_IO deliberation_NN1 '_NULL have_VH0 been_VBN made_VVN largely_RR in_II31 response_II32 to_II33 the_AT UEC_NP1 (_( Chambers_NP1 ,_, 2009_MC ,_, p._NN1 325_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT assumption_NN1 that_CST household_NN1 production_NN1 does_VDZ not_XX take_VVI place_NN1 is_VBZ ,_, I_PPIS1 argue_VV0 ,_, the_AT simplest_JJT explanation_NN1 for_IF Marx_NP1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 treatment_NN1 of_IO the_AT value_NN1 of_IO labor_NN1 power_NN1 in_II Capital_NN1 I._NP1 It_PPH1 is_VBZ not_XX difficult_JJ to_TO cite_VVI multiple_JJ passages_NN2 from_II Marx_NP1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 voluminous_JJ writings_NN2 that_CST include_VV0 recognition_NN1 of_IO household_NN1 labor_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT busiest_JJT streets_NN2 of_IO London_NP1 are_VBR crowded_VVN with_IW shops_NN2 whose_DDQGE show_NN1 cases_NN2 display_VV0 all_DB the_AT riches_NN2 of_IO the_AT world_NN1 ,_, Indian_JJ shawls_NN2 ,_, American_JJ revolvers_NN2 ,_, Chinese_JJ porcelain_NN1 ,_, Parisian_JJ corsets_NN2 ,_, furs_NN2 from_II Russia_NP1 and_CC spices_NN2 from_II the_AT tropics_NN ,_, but_CCB all_DB of_IO these_DD2 worldly_JJ things_NN2 bear_VV0 odious_JJ ,_, white_JJ paper_NN1 labels_NN2 with_IW Arabic_JJ numerals_NN2 and_CC then_RT laconic_JJ symbols_NN2 ?_NNU s._NNU d_ZZ1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Yet_RR ,_, because_CS it_PPH1 is_VBZ not_XX in_II the_AT interest_NN1 of_IO movements_NN2 to_TO tie_VVI their_APPGE fate_NN1 to_II one_MC1 small_JJ party_NN1 ,_, movements_NN2 have_VH0 often_RR organizationally_RR decoupled_VVN from_II the_AT niche_NN1 parties_NN2 they_PPHS2 spawned_VVD ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT method_NN1 of_IO difference_NN1 ,_, by_II contrast_NN1 ,_, depends_VVZ on_II selecting_VVG cases_NN2 for_IF comparison_NN1 that_CST are_VBR as_RG similar_JJ as_CSA possible_JJ in_II all_DB possibly_RR important_JJ respects_NN2 ,_, except_CS in_II the_AT sense_NN1 that_CST the_AT outcome_NN1 we_PPIS2 wish_VV0 to_TO explain_VVI appears_VVZ in_II some_DD cases_NN2 and_CC not_XX in_II others_NN2 ,_, along_II21 with_II22 the_AT factor_NN1 that_CST explains_VVZ the_AT outcome_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
This_DD1 agenda_NN1 is_VBZ partially_RR explained_VVN by_II a_AT1 budget_NN1 reduction_NN1 and_CC somewhat_RR by_II the_AT EU_NP1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 rather_RR ad-hoc_JJ collaboration_NN1 with_IW Central_JJ Asian_JJ countries_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
A_AT1 lack_NN1 of_IO reflexivity_NN1 in_II DT_NP1 ?_? 
</s>
<s>
In_II the_AT republican_JJ tradition_NN1 ,_, just_RR as_RG civically_RR minded_VVN individuals_NN2 care_VV0 about_II their_APPGE common_JJ liberty_NN1 ,_, so_RG too_RR do_VD0 they_PPHS2 care_VVI about_II the_AT common_JJ liberty_NN1 of_IO others_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
It_PPH1 does_VDZ so_RR by_II drawing_VVG on_II an_AT1 online_JJ experiment_NN1 with_IW a_AT1 broad_JJ sample_NN1 of_IO the_AT British_JJ population_NN1 incorporating_VVG three_MC different_JJ types_NN2 of_IO text_NN1 stimuli_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
As_CSA Vattel_NP1 wrote_VVD ,_, "_" in_II virtue_NN1 of_IO the_AT natural_JJ liberty_NN1 of_IO nations_NN2 ,_, each_DD1 one_PN1 has_VHZ a_AT1 right_NN1 to_TO make_VVI her_APPGE own_DA judgment_NN1 the_AT sole_JJ guide_NN1 of_IO her_APPGE conduct_NN1 with_II31 respect_II32 to_II33 her_APPGE duties_NN2 in_II every_AT1 thing_NN1 that_CST is_VBZ not_XX determined_VVN by_II the_AT perfect_JJ rights_NN2 of_IO another_DD1 "_" (_( II.335_FO ,_, emphasis_NN1 added_VVN )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT other_JJ AIIB_NN1 member_NN1 states_NN2 are_VBR also_RR keenly_RR aware_JJ of_IO the_AT latent_JJ potential_NN1 for_IF Chinese_JJ domination_NN1 ,_, and_CC they_PPHS2 have_VH0 coordinated_VVN ,_, and_CC continue_VV0 to_TO work_VVI ,_, including_VVG at_II the_AT Board_NN1 levels_NN2 ,_, to_TO safeguard_VVI against_II the_AT risk_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
This_DD1 explanation_NN1 has_VHZ been_VBN found_VVN to_TO be_VBI very_RG applicable_JJ to_II Myanmar_NP1 (_( Morgenbesser_NP1 ,_, 2016b_FO )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT problem_NN1 is_VBZ that_DD1 Irish_JJ representatives_NN2 and_CC English_JJ liberals_NN2 could_VM make_VVI common_JJ cause_NN1 on_II the_AT basis_NN1 of_IO their_APPGE shared_JJ opposition_NN1 to_II the_AT aristocratic_JJ landlords_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Equally_RR ,_, one_PN1 is_VBZ reminded_VVN of_IO Goethe_NP1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 report_NN1 of_IO his_APPGE meeting_NN1 with_IW Schiller_NP1 in_II Jena_NP1 in_II July_NPM1 1794_MC ,_, in_II which_DDQ he_PPHS1 showed_VVD Schiller_NP1 a_AT1 sketch_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 plant_NN1 ,_, and_CC over_II Schiller_NP1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 objections_NN2 observed_VVD "_" that_CST I_PPIS1 have_VH0 ideas_NN2 without_IW knowing_VVG it_PPH1 ,_, and_CC can_VM even_RR see_VVI them_PPHO2 with_IW my_APPGE own_DA eyes_NN2 "_" (_( Goethe_NP1 ,_, 1988c_FO &lsqb;_( 1809_MC &rsqb;_) ,_, 20_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Indeed_RR ,_, in_II the_AT 1960s_MC2 ,_, when_CS MPs_NNU had_VHD difficulty_NN1 finding_VVG desks_NN2 ,_, the_AT few_DA2 women_NN2 MPs_NNU elected_VVN had_VHD not_XX only_RR their_APPGE own_DA space_NN1 ,_, but_CCB could_VM also_RR utilise_VVI desks_NN2 in_II the_AT Lady_NNB Members_NP1 '_NULL Room_NN1 (_( Knight_NP1 ,_, 1995_MC ,_, pp_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
From_II here_RL the_AT Antifederalists_NN2 distrustalso_NN1 of_IO Congregationalist_JJ pedigreein_NN1 any_DD concentration_NN1 of_IO power_NN1 removed_VVN from_II the_AT people_NN ,_, the_AT demands_NN2 for_IF short_JJ periods_NN2 in_II office_NN1 ,_, and_CC the_AT repeated_JJ appeals_NN2 to_II a_AT1 Bill_NN1 of_IO Rights_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
On_II the_AT other_JJ hand_NN1 ,_, young_JJ women_NN2 leave_VV0 their_APPGE fathers_NN2 '_NULL households_NN2 simply_RR to_TO become_VVI subordinate_JJ to_II other_JJ men_NN2 as_CSA wives_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Further_RRR ,_, this_DD1 forgetting_VVG can_VM take_VVI place_NN1 without_IW being_VBG consciously_RR willed_VVN or_CC chosen_VVN ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT Swedish_JJ Foreign_JJ Service_NN1 Action_NN1 Plan_NN1 on_II Feminist_JJ Foreign_JJ Policy_NN1 of_IO 2016_MC con_NN1 tains_VVZ six_MC explicit_JJ feminist_JJ objectives_NN2 ,_, including_II supporting_VVG (_( a_ZZ1 )_) women_NN2 '_NULL s_ZZ1 and_CC girls_NN2 '_NULL human_JJ rights_NN2 ,_, (_( b_ZZ1 )_) their_APPGE freedom_NN1 from_II different_JJ forms_NN2 of_IO gender-based_JJ violence_NN1 ,_, (_( c_ZZ1 )_) their_APPGE participation_NN1 in_II global_JJ and_CC local_JJ peace-making_NN1 ,_, (_( d_ZZ1 )_) their_APPGE political_JJ par_NN1 ticipation_NN1 ,_, (_( e_ZZ1 )_) their_APPGE economic_JJ empowerment_NN1 and_CC access_NN1 to_II economic_JJ resources_NN2 ,_, and_CC (_( f_ZZ1 )_) their_APPGE entitlement_NN1 to_II sexual_JJ and_CC reproductive_JJ health_NN1 (_( Swedish_JJ Ministry_NN1 for_IF Foreign_JJ Affairs_NN2 2015_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Yet_RR Trump_VV0 is_VBZ not_XX trying_VVG to_TO overhaul_VVI grand_JJ strategy_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT empirical_JJ section_NN1 will_VM test_VVI for_IF such_DA potential_JJ differences_NN2 within_II the_AT Career_NN1 Politician_NN1 category_NN1 to_TO check_VVI whether_CSW the_AT results_NN2 are_VBR robust_JJ to_II the_AT decision_NN1 of_IO aggregating_VVG Instrumental_JJ and_CC Political_JJ careers_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT persecution_NN1 of_IO Jewish_JJ bankers_NN2 by_II the_AT Nazis_NN2 ,_, whom_PNQO they_PPHS2 blamed_VVD along_II21 with_II22 the_AT Versailles_NP1 powers_NN2 for_IF the_AT German_JJ depression_NN1 ,_, has_VHZ been_VBN documented_VVN by_II James_NP1 (_( 2001_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
By_II failing_VVG to_TO undertake_VVI such_DA an_AT1 inquiry_NN1 the_AT aforementioned_JJ theories_NN2 remain_VV0 anchored_VVN to_II understandings_NN2 of_IO secularism_NN1 that_CST risk_VV0 perpetuating_VVG some_DD of_IO the_AT problems_NN2 they_PPHS2 set_VV0 out_RP to_TO redress_VVI ._. 
</s>
<s>
If_CS this_DD1 assumption_NN1 holds_VVZ ,_, we_PPIS2 should_VM expect_VVI the_AT AU_FO to_TO be_VBI designed_VVN to_TO reflect_VVI the_AT distribution_NN1 of_IO power_NN1 within_II Africa_NP1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
To_TO check_VVI this_DD1 ,_, I_PPIS1 hand-coded_JJ all_DB of_IO the_AT films_NN2 for_IF whether_CSW they_PPHS2 contained_VVD political_JJ content_NN1 and_CC also_RR recorded_VVD its_APPGE direction_NN1 (_( whether_CSW positive_JJ ,_, negative_JJ ,_, or_CC neutral_JJ )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Section_NN1 III_MC develops_VVZ the_AT political_JJ contract_NN1 theory_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT upshot_NN1 is_VBZ that_CST all_DB migrants_NN2 with_IW urgent_JJ needs_NN2 would_VM be_VBI entitled_VVN to_II the_AT same_DA protections_NN2 that_CST Convention_NN1 refugees_NN2 are_VBR entitled_VVN to_II ._. 
</s>
<s>
First_MD ,_, the_AT current_JJ gender_NN1 quota_NN1 is_VBZ applicable_JJ only_RR to_II PR_NP1 seats_NN2 ,_, and_CC the_AT political_JJ parties_NN2 do_VD0 not_XX allow_VVI individuals_NN2 to_TO serve_VVI more_DAR than_CSN one_MC1 terms_VVZ as_CSA PR_NP1 members_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
For_REX21 instance_REX22 ,_, while_CS Vandenberg_NP1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 penchant_NN1 for_IF internationalism_NN1 led_VVD him_PPHO1 to_TO collaborate_VVI with_IW Truman_NP1 ,_, Fulbright_NP1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 conviction_NN1 that_CST Johnson_NP1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 foreign_JJ policy_NN1 vision_NN1 was_VBDZ flawed_JJ led_VVD him_PPHO1 to_TO oppose_VVI the_AT White_NP1 House_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
A_AT1 British_JJ Quaker_JJ physician_NN1 in_II Germany_NP1 told_VVD of_IO children_NN2 '_NULL s_ZZ1 bones_NN2 so_RR depleted_VVN of_IO calcium_NN1 that_CST they_PPHS2 bent_VVD like_II supple_JJ branches_NN2 and_CC of_IO skulls_NN2 so_RG soft_JJ to_II the_AT touch_NN1 that_CST slowly_RR ,_, like_II dough_NN1 ,_, they_PPHS2 closed_VVD the_AT impressions_NN2 made_VVN by_II probing_JJ fingers_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Another_DD1 interesting_JJ and_CC inspiring_JJ attempt_NN1 at_II capturing_VVG the_AT most_RGT relevant_JJ features_NN2 of_IO the_AT nascent_JJ post-communist_JJ capitalism_NN1 in_II Central_JJ and_CC Eastern_JJ Europe_NP1 and_CC to_TO come_VVI up_RP with_IW a_AT1 more_RGR tailor-made_JJ typology_NN1 ,_, standing_VVG out_RP from_II the_AT standard_JJ VoC/DoC_NN1 approach_NN1 ,_, was_VBDZ made_VVN by_II Dorothee_NP1 Bohle_NP1 and_CC Bela_NP1 Greskovits_NP1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
It_PPH1 actually_RR resembles_VVZ traditional_JJ practices_NN2 of_IO "_" moral_JJ economy_NN1 protests_NN2 "_" of_IO previous_JJ generations_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
In_II31 terms_II32 of_II33 assessing_VVG historical_JJ climatic_JJ conditions_NN2 ,_, we_PPIS2 focus_VV0 on_II yearly_JJ temperatures_NN2 rather_II21 than_II22 on_II precipitation_NN1 levels_NN2 because_CS the_AT former_DA have_VH0 been_VBN found_VVN to_TO be_VBI more_RGR consistently_RR and_CC more_RGR strongly_RR related_VVN to_II grain_NN1 yields_VVZ in_II historical_JJ England_NP1 (_( Wigley_NP1 &;_NULL Atkinson_NP1 ,_, 1977_MC ;_; Scott_NP1 ,_, Duncan_NP1 &;_NULL Duncan_NP1 ,_, 1998_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
For_IF the_AT first_MD time_NNT1 since_CS the_AT 1930s_MC2 ,_, the_AT United_NP1 States_NP1 has_VHZ elected_VVN a_AT1 president_NN1 who_PNQS is_VBZ actively_RR hostile_JJ to_II liberal_JJ internationalism_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
With_IW commodity_NN1 production_NN1 '_NULL intrinsically_RR bound_VVN up_RP with_IW the_AT expansion_NN1 of_IO the_AT market_NN1 ,_, the_AT creation_NN1 of_IO the_AT world_NN1 market_NN1 ,_, and_CC therefore_RR foreign_JJ trade_NN1 '_NULL (_( Marx_NP1 ,_, 1968_MC :_: 423_MC )_) ,_, '_NULL it_PPH1 is_VBZ forced_VVN to_TO produce_VVI on_II a_AT1 scale_NN1 which_DDQ has_VHZ nothing_PN1 to_TO do_VDI with_IW the_AT immediate_JJ demand_NN1 but_CCB depends_VVZ on_II a_AT1 constant_JJ expansion_NN1 of_IO the_AT world_NN1 market_NN1 '_NULL (_( Marx_NP1 ,_, 1968_MC :_: 468_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
This_DD1 has_VHZ been_VBN pointed_VVN out_RP by_II Larmore_NP1 (_( 2001_MC )_) and_CC Simpson_NP1 (_( 2017_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
While_CS in_II 2004_MC ,_, out_II21 of_II22 49_MC SOEs_NP2 listed_VVD on_II the_AT Fortune_NN1 Global_JJ 500_MC (_( meaning_NN1 they_PPHS2 accounted_VVD for_IF 10_MC percent_NNU of_IO the_AT list_NN1 )_) ,_, 14_MC were_VBDR Chinese_JJ companies_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
In_II a_AT1 second_MD step_NN1 ,_, the_AT respective_JJ party_NN1 leaders_NN2 and_CC functional_JJ committees_NN2 apply_VV0 a_AT1 consensus_NN1 oriented_VVD approach_NN1 to_TO appoint_VVI candidates_NN2 that_CST are_VBR "_" competent_JJ ,_, experienced_VVD ,_, and_CC driven_VVN by_II personal_JJ interest_NN1 ._. "_" 
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<s>
The_AT inclusion_NN1 of_IO language_NN1 in_II international_JJ texts_NN2 that_CST reflects_VVZ pre-identified_JJ priorities_NN2 through_II a_AT1 result-oriented_JJ process_NN1 is_VBZ the_AT epitome_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 fruitful_JJ diplomatic_JJ per_II formance_NN1 ,_, the_AT target_NN1 of_IO every_AT1 negotiating_NN1 strategy_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT global_JJ environment_NN1 is_VBZ such_CS21 that_CS22 even_RR the_AT measures_NN2 against_II traditional_JJ criminal_JJ activities_NN2 face_VV0 budgetary_JJ restrictions_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT preclearance_NN1 requirement_NN1 appears_VVZ to_TO have_VHI hurt_VVN the_AT Democratic_JJ Party_NN1 except_CS when_CS its_APPGE vote_NN1 share_NN1 was_VBDZ very_RG low_JJ ._. 
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<s>
On_II July_NPM1 23_MC ,_, Garvey_NP1 told_VVD a_AT1 large_JJ gathering_NN1 at_II the_AT UNIA_NN1 headquarters_NN in_II New_NP1 York_NP1 City_NN1 that_CST what_DDQ was_VBDZ needed_VVN was_VBDZ "_" a_AT1 universal_JJ program_NN1 that_CST seeks_VVZ to_TO liberate_VVI Negroes_NN2 everywhere_RL ._. "_" 
</s>
<s>
The_AT latter_DA relates_VVZ to_II the_AT unpredictability_NN1 of_IO events_NN2 or_CC actors_NN2 that_CST affect_VV0 ,_, but_CCB are_VBR not_XX the_AT direct_JJ product_NN1 of_IO ,_, the_AT programmes_NN2 of_IO democracy_NN1 supporters_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Iurisdictio_NN1 and_CC potestas_NN2 were_VBDR closely_RR linked_VVN :_: they_PPHS2 appeared_VVD side_NN1 by_II side_NN1 at_II various_JJ points_NN2 in_II the_AT law_NN1 books_NN2 ,_, and_CC crucially_RR in_II political_JJ practice_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT second_NNT1 is_VBZ that_DD1 party_NN1 members_NN2 are_VBR socialized_VVN to_TO adopt_VVI more_RGR progressive_JJ values_NN2 through_II party-sponsored_JJ activities_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
He_PPHS1 based_VVD his_APPGE campaign_NN1 on_II hostility_NN1 toward_II the_AT status_NN121 quo_NN122 and_CC the_AT policy_NN1 elite_NN1 that_CST guarded_VVD it_PPH1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
But_CCB perhaps_RR the_AT most_RGT '_NULL familiar_JJ '_NULL of_IO all_DB institutions_NN2 is_VBZ the_AT family_NN1 itself_PPX1 ,_, the_AT central_JJ reunification_NN1 depicted_VVN in_II the_AT videos_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT AmericasBarometer_NP1 surveys_NN2 are_VBR conducted_VVN on_II a_AT1 biennial_NN1 basis_NN1 by_II Vanderbilt_NP1 University_NN1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 Latin_JJ American_JJ Public_NN1 Opinion_NN1 Project_NN1 (_( LAPOP_NP1 )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
It_PPH1 is_VBZ easy_JJ to_TO argue_VVI that_CST this_DD1 or_CC that_DD1 social_JJ institution_NN1 is_VBZ not_XX a_AT1 genuinely_RR spontaneous_JJ product_NN1 ,_, harder_RRR to_TO break_VVI free_JJ of_IO the_AT notion_NN1 of_IO spontaneity_NN1 altogether_RR ._. 
</s>
<s>
As_CSA Worrell_NP1 and_CC Krier_JJR note_NN1 ,_, there_EX is_VBZ a_AT1 sense_NN1 in_II which_DDQ the_AT category_NN1 '_NULL disjunctive_JJ syllogism_NN1 '_NULL is_VBZ the_AT culmination_NN1 of_IO Hegel_NP1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 Logic_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Not_XX only_RR do_VD0 these_DD2 recent_JJ developments_NN2 defy_VV0 the_AT "_" freezing_JJ "_" of_IO bifurcation_NN1 ,_, but_CCB they_PPHS2 also_RR raise_VV0 the_AT question_NN1 :_: how_RRQ do_VD0 viable_JJ contenders_NN2 of_IO office_NN1 from_II within_RL and_CC outside_II21 of_II22 the_AT cartelbehave_NN1 when_CS faced_VVN with_IW the_AT RR_NP1 dilemma_NN1 ?_? 
</s>
<s>
These_DD2 actors_NN2 often_RR fulfilled_VVN various_JJ representative_JJ roles_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT third_MD case_NN1 is_VBZ one_MC1 of_IO the_AT most_RGT successful_JJ ones_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
By_II disowning_VVG the_AT immigration_NN1 question_NN1 ,_, the_AT CIW_NN1 does_VDZ violence_NN1 to_II punitive_JJ immigration_NN1 laws_NN2 that_CST reinforce_VV0 other_JJ legal_JJ processes_NN2 to_TO make_VVI the_AT fields_NN2 violent_JJ spaces_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
I_PPIS1 have_VH0 suggested_VVN that_CST Diderot_VV0 '_NULL s_ZZ1 presentation_NN1 of_IO blindness_NN1 is_VBZ political_JJ because_CS he_PPHS1 identifies_VVZ power_NN1 operating_NN1 in_II the_AT reading_NN1 of_IO blind_JJ bodies_NN2 and_CC experience_NN1 by_II the_AT sighted_JJ and_CC how_RGQ blind_JJ persons_NN2 negotiate_VV0 and_CC resist_VV0 such_DA readings_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
In_II this_DD1 section_NN1 ,_, we_PPIS2 develop_VV0 our_APPGE theoretical_JJ argument_NN1 ,_, which_DDQ relies_VVZ on_II the_AT logic_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 formal_JJ model_NN1 presented_VVN in_II appendix_NN1 C._ZZ1 We_PPIS2 start_VV0 by_II laying_VVG out_RP several_DA2 core_NN1 assumptions_NN2 about_II the_AT nature_NN1 of_IO political_JJ competition_NN1 and_CC distributive_JJ politics_NN1 in_II many_DA2 low-income_JJ countries_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
However_RR ,_, the_AT journalist_NN1 who_PNQS had_VHD been_VBN contacted_VVN in_II advance_NN1 by_II a_AT1 community_NN1 cadre_NN1 warned_VVD them_PPHO2 that_CST the_AT general_JJ tone_NN1 of_IO this_DD1 news_NN1 coverage_NN1 had_VHD to_TO be_VBI positive_JJ ._. 
</s>
<s>
Indeed_RR ,_, an_AT1 abiding_JJ voter_NN1 is_VBZ steady_JJ at_II her_PPHO1 or_CC his_APPGE post_NN1 ,_, evaluating_VVG the_AT incumbent_NN1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 actions_NN2 and_CC decisions_NN2 during_II the_AT whole_JJ term_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
In_II a_AT1 jibe_NN1 at_II the_AT Cameroons_NP2 (_( and_CC others_NN2 )_) ,_, she_PPHS1 observed_VVD that_CST '_NULL not_XX everybody_PN1 in_II Westminster_NP1 understands_VVZ what_DDQ it_PPH1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 like_VV0 to_TO live_VVI like_II this_DD1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
In_II this_DD1 section_NN1 ,_, I_PPIS1 analyse_VV0 the_AT IP-AP_JJ relationship_NN1 on_II the_AT party-system_JJ level_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
On_II August_NPM1 11_MC ,_, 2007_MC ,_, Spartak_NP1 Moscow_NP1 fans_NN2 unveiled_VVD a_AT1 racist_JJ banner_NN1 in_II a_AT1 match_NN1 against_II Samara_NP1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 Krylia_NP1 Sovetov_NP1 that_CST offended_VVD Welliton_NP1 ,_, a_AT1 dark-skinned_JJ Brazilian_JJ player_NN1 on_II the_AT Samara_NP1 team_NN1 (_( Kozhevnikova_NP1 2007_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
It_PPH1 is_VBZ difficult_JJ to_TO estimate_VVI political_JJ autonomy_NN1 given_VVN the_AT close_JJ correlation_NN1 between_II the_AT formal_JJ constitution-based_JJ administrative_JJ division_NN1 (_( republics_NN2 ,_, krays_NN2 ,_, oblasts_NN2 and_CC autonomous_JJ districts_NN2 )_) and_CC the_AT share_NN1 of_IO the_AT ethnic_JJ Russians_NN2 living_VVG there_RL ._. 
</s>
<s>
A_ZZ1 2001_MC RAND_NP1 analysis_NN1 concluded_VVN by_II emphasizing_VVG "_" that_CST the_AT TEL_NN1 is_VBZ a_AT1 pretty_RG unsatisfying_JJ target_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
If_CS it_PPH1 does_VDZ ,_, state_VV0 patronage_NN1 may_VM be_VBI perceived_VVN as_II a_AT1 factor_NN1 facilitating_VVG dialogue_NN1 between_II state_NN1 and_CC society_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Each_DD1 axis_NN1 of_IO ideology_NN1 is_VBZ coded_VVN on_II a_AT1 scale_NN1 of_IO 1_MC1 to_II 5_MC ,_, a_AT1 range_NN1 that_CST allows_VVZ us_PPIO2 to_TO capture_VVI the_AT proximity_NN1 or_CC distance_NN1 of_IO groups_NN2 on_II each_DD1 component_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
In_II the_AT protests_NN2 organized_VVN by_II Navalny_NP1 on_II March_NPM1 26_MC and_CC June_NPM1 12_MC ,_, several_DA2 observers_NN2 noted_VVD the_AT particularly_RR young_JJ character_NN1 of_IO the_AT crowd_NN1 ,_, mainly_RR composed_VVN of_IO first-time_JJ protesters_NN2 (_( Sulim_NP1 2017a_FO ;_; Kosacheva_NP1 2017_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
Further_JJR debates_NN2 in_II the_AT literature_NN1 ,_, however_RR ,_, bring_VV0 yet_RR more_RGR nuanced_JJ understandings_NN2 of_IO the_AT relationship_NN1 between_II traumas_NN2 ,_, identity_NN1 ,_, and_CC (_( in_II )_) security_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Loyalty_NN1 to_II the_AT Soviet_JJ model_NN1 was_VBDZ also_RR built_VVN into_II the_AT PCF_NP1 ,_, "_" and_CC that_DD1 loyalty_NN1 ,_, he_PPHS1 continues_VVZ ,_, "_" often_RR overdetermined_JJ party_NN1 policies_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
In_II the_AT case_NN1 of_IO the_AT use_NN1 of_IO national_JJ representation_NN1 ,_, there_EX are_VBR numerous_JJ examples_NN2 where_RRQ the_AT national_JJ identity_NN1 of_IO the_AT host_NN1 nation_NN1 is_VBZ being_VBG celebrated_VVN or_CC honoured_VVN in_II Facebook_NP1 posts_NN2 ;_; the_AT engagement_NN1 data_NN indicate_VV0 that_CST these_DD2 types_NN2 of_IO posts_NN2 are_VBR amongst_II the_AT most_RGT warmly_RR received_VVN by_II host_NN1 nation_NN1 populations_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Moreover_RR ,_, TCs_NP1 give_VV0 the_AT ruling_JJ party_NN1 more_DAR opportunities_NN2 to_TO co-opt_VVI and_CC appease_VVI community_NN1 leaders_NN2 through_II the_AT appointment_NN1 of_IO Town_NN1 Councillors_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
We_PPIS2 return_VV0 to_II this_DD1 in_II the_AT analysis_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
At_II the_AT district_NN1 level_NN1 ,_, the_AT positive_JJ effect_NN1 of_IO left-wing_JJ parties_NN2 is_VBZ also_RR much_RR stronger_JJR :_: 10_MC per_NNU21 cent_NNU22 additional_JJ seats_NN2 for_IF the_AT SPD_NP1 ,_, the_AT Greens_NN2 and_CC the_AT Left_JJ party_NN1 lead_NN1 to_II 1.9_MC per_NNU21 cent_NNU22 more_DAR women_NN2 at_II the_AT district_NN1 level_NN1 ,_, but_CCB only_RR to_II 0.5_MC and_CC 0.4_MC per_NNU21 cent_NNU22 more_DAR women_NN2 at_II the_AT municipal_JJ and_CC state_VV0 level_NN1 ,_, respectively_RR ._. 
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<s>
Third_MD ,_, the_AT examples_NN2 of_IO political_JJ theory_NN1 and_CC Zen_NP1 practice_NN1 examined_VVD here_RL all_DB emphasize_VV0 specifically_RR democratic_JJ modes_NN2 of_IO pedagogy_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Research_NN1 on_II education_NN1 reform_NN1 ,_, for_REX21 example_REX22 ,_, finds_VVZ that_CST when_CS governments_NN2 enlist_VV0 international_JJ experts_NN2 ,_, citing_VVG "_" lessons_NN2 from_II elsewhere_RL "_" on_II what_DDQ reforms_NN2 have_VH0 proven_VVN most_DAT successful_JJ in_II other_JJ contexts_NN2 ,_, then_RT even_RR very_RG controversial_JJ reforms_NN2 can_VM gain_VVI popular_JJ acceptance_NN1 and_CC buy-in_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT IUCN_NN1 is_VBZ one_MC1 of_IO the_AT oldest_JJT networks_NN2 of_IO environmental_JJ advocacy_NN1 and_CC science-based_JJ expertise_NN1 ,_, with_IW programs_NN2 on_II climate_NN1 change_NN1 and_CC the_AT widest_JJT global_JJ participation_NN1 by_II domestic_JJ organizations_NN2 ,_, including_VVG in_II developing_JJ countries_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Itwas_NN2 not_XX until_CS 2015_MC ,_, after_CS the_AT midterm_NN1 elections_NN2 had_VHD switched_VVN control_NN1 of_IO the_AT chamber_NN1 to_II Republicans_NN2 ,_, that_DD1 TPA_NN1 appeared_VVD to_TO have_VHI enough_DD support_NN1 to_TO at_RR21 least_RR22 get_VVI off_RP the_AT ground_NN1 in_II Congress_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Moreover_RR ,_, as_CSA with_IW Mali_NP1 and_CC Yemen_NP1 ,_, explaining_VVG the_AT Liberia_NP1 intervention_NN1 in_II consensual_JJ terms_NN2 discounts_NN2 what_DDQ happened_VVD at_II the_AT Security_NN1 Council_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
As_CSA we_PPIS2 saw_VVD ,_, Habermas_NN2 does_VDZ not_XX naturalize_VVI collective_JJ identity_NN1 but_CCB instead_RR sees_VVZ it_PPH1 as_RG politically_RR constituted_VVN ._. 
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<s>
The_AT people_NN need_VV0 to_TO own_VVI their_APPGE public_JJ character_NN1 ,_, which_DDQ means_VVZ there_EX can_VM be_VBI no_AT "_" sleeping_JJ sovereign_NN1 "_" (_( Tuck_VV0 ,_, 2016_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
This_DD1 was_VBDZ balanced_VVN by_II a_AT1 drop_NN1 in_II the_AT electoral_JJ success_NN1 of_IO candidates_NN2 not_XX declaring_VVG their_APPGE accreditation_NN1 status_NN1 from_II 15%_NNU of_IO candidates_NN2 to_II 7%_NNU of_IO winners_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Now_RT the_AT questions_NN2 are_VBR these_DD2 :_: 1_MC1 )_) Why_RRQ call_VVI them_PPHO2 a_AT1 contradiction_NN1 ?_? 
</s>
<s>
That_DD1 such_DA ideas_NN2 can_VM be_VBI seen_VVN as_CSA present_JJ in_II Shakespeare_NP1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 Richard_NP1 III_MC (_( Fitter_NN1 ,_, 2012_MC ,_, 20-3_MCMC )_) underlines_VVZ this_DD1 possibility_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
In_II another_DD1 example_NN1 ,_, Jarim_NP1 Kim_NP1 states_VVZ that_CST public_JJ diplomacy_NN1 ought_VMK to_TO target_VVI '_NULL citizens_NN2 in_II other_JJ societies_NN2 '_NULL ._. 
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<s>
Of_IO those_DD2 present_JJ ,_, several_DA2 went_VVD on_RP to_TO contribute_VVI to_II the_AT institute_NN1 ,_, including_II Grace_NP1 himself_PPX1 ,_, who_PNQS became_VVD AIFLD_NP1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 board_NN1 chairman_NN1 with_IW the_AT largest_JJT corporate_JJ donation_NN1 of_IO $18,000_NNU ,_, and_CC Juan_NP1 Trippe_NP1 of_IO Pan-American_JJ Airways_NN2 ,_, who_PNQS was_VBDZ named_VVN an_AT1 Institute_NN1 trustee_NN1 after_II donating_VVG $10,000_NNU ._. 
</s>
<s>
Francis_NP1 Gavin_NP1 has_VHZ shown_VVN flexible_JJ re_II sponse_NN1 to_TO be_VBI more_DAR myth_NN1 than_CSN policy_NN1 ,_, with_IW much_DA1 strategic_JJ continuity_NN1 existing_VVG between_II Eisenhower_NP1 and_CC Kennedy_NP1 ._. 
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<s>
This_DD1 supports_VVZ the_AT findings_NN2 of_IO Castan_NP1 Broto_NP1 and_CC Bulkeley_NP1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 (_( 2013_MC )_) survey_NN1 of_IO climate_NN1 change_NN1 experimenta_NN1 tion_NN1 in_II 100_MC cities_NN2 globally_RR ,_, which_DDQ found_VVD that_CST '_NULL technical_JJ '_NULL inno_NN1 vation_NN1 was_VBDZ the_AT most_RGT prevalent_JJ type_NN1 of_IO innovation_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT tax_NN1 base_NN1 or_CC policy_NN1 area_NN1 being_VBG considered_VVN is_VBZ heavily_RR undermined_VVN by_II and_CC vulnerable_JJ to_II the_AT area_NN1 it_PPH1 is_VBZ being_VBG com_NN1 pared_VVD with_IW ._. 
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<s>
To_TO account_VVI for_IF this_DD1 ,_, the_AT civilian_JJ power_NN1 narra_NN1 tive_NN1 was_VBDZ adjusted_VVN at_II the_AT intersubjective_JJ and_CC systemic_JJ levels_NN2 ,_, arguing_VVG that_CST Moscow_NP1 was_VBDZ responsible_JJ for_IF the_AT discord_NN1 and_CC at_II odds_NN2 with_IW Germany_NP1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 values_NN2 ,_, effectively_RR exclud_VV0 ing_VVG itself_PPX1 from_II a_AT1 European_JJ order_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
In_II 2004_MC ,_, he_PPHS1 ended_VVD direct_JJ elections_NN2 of_IO governors_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Unlike_II the_AT direct_JJ argument_NN1 ,_, this_DD1 logic_NN1 emphasizes_VVZ an_AT1 ultimate_JJ effect_NN1 of_IO regulations_NN2 upon_II global_JJ stability_NN1 ,_, with_IW US_NP1 stability_NN1 as_II an_AT1 intermediate_JJ step_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
They_PPHS2 do_VD0 so_RR by_II influencing_VVG political_JJ views_NN2 '_NULL (_( Madestam_NP1 et_RA21 al_RA22 ._. 
</s>
<s>
2013_MC ,_, 1,633_MC ;_; see_VV0 also_RR Collins_NP1 and_CC Margo_NP1 2007_MC ;_; Finkel_NP1 and_CC Muller_NP1 1998_MC ;_; Lohmann_NP1 1993_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT analysis_NN1 so_RG far_RR builds_VVZ upon_II and_CC echoes_VVZ preoccupations_NN2 of_IO Latina/o_FU Political_JJ Thought_NN1 while_CS illuminating_VVG productive_JJ ways_NN2 to_TO amend_VVI some_DD insights_NN2 and_CC advance_VVI others_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Beyond_II these_DD2 different_JJ discussions_NN2 that_CST focus_VV0 on_II the_AT normative_JJ and_CC political_JJ ex_II planations_NN2 for_IF granting_VVG or_CC withholding_JJ recognition_NN1 ,_, there_EX has_VHZ recently_RR been_VBN grow_VV0 ing_VVG interest_NN1 in_II the_AT diplomatic_JJ and_CC coercive_JJ measures_NN2 deployed_VVN to_TO prevent_VVI recogni_NN2 tion_NN1 of_IO new_JJ states_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
It_PPH1 is_VBZ important_JJ to_TO note_VVI that_DD1 ,_, for_IF the_AT sake_NN1 of_IO simplicity_NN1 ,_, the_AT people_NN living_VVG in_II the_AT Democratic_JJ Federation_NN1 of_IO Northern_JJ Syria_NP1 will_VM be_VBI referred_VVN to_II as_CSA '_NULL citizens_NN2 '_NULL ,_, although_CS the_AT Democratic_JJ Federation_NN1 itself_PPX1 does_VDZ not_XX represent_VVI a_AT1 separate_JJ nation_NN1 and_CC thus_RR can_VM not_XX offer_VVI official_JJ citizenship_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
In_II the_AT end_NN1 ,_, the_AT ECB_NP1 became_VVD the_AT LoLR_NN1 for_IF both_DB2 the_AT Eurozone_NN1 banking_NN1 sector_NN1 and_CC the_AT Eurozone_NN1 states_NN2 (_( Buiter_NP1 and_CC Rahbari_NP1 2012_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Then_RT ,_, in_II March_NPM1 ,_, he_PPHS1 cited_VVD a_AT1 passage_NN1 from_II the_AT bible_NN1 (_( Leviticus_NP1 20:13_MC )_) calling_VVG for_IF the_AT killing_NN1 of_IO homosexuals_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
What_DDQ truly_RR matters_VVZ to_II them_PPHO2 is_VBZ the_AT party_NN1 affiliation_NN1 of_IO the_AT local_JJ mayor_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
As_CSA discussed_VVN above_RL ,_, the_AT instrument_NN1 should_VM make_VVI a_AT1 direct_JJ reference_NN1 not_XX only_RR to_II the_AT usefulness_NN1 of_IO regional_JJ mechanisms_NN2 ,_, but_CCB to_II the_AT necessity_NN1 for_IF the_AT regional_JJ and_CC global_JJ levels_NN2 to_TO work_VVI together_RL ._. 
</s>
<s>
Throughout_II the_AT eight_MC years_NNT2 that_CST the_AT AF_NP1 was_VBDZ in_II force_NN1 ,_, the_AT most_RGT salient_JJ aspects_NN2 of_IO North_NP1 Korea_NP1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 nuclear_JJ behavior_NN1 correlated_VVN in_II time_NNT1 with_IW the_AT political_JJ and_CC financial_JJ status_NN1 of_IO the_AT KEDO_NN1 project_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Because_II21 of_II22 this_DD1 negative_JJ international_JJ externality_NN1 ,_, importing_VVG governments_NN2 will_VM make_VVI policy_NN1 decisions_NN2 that_CST are_VBR globally_RR inefficient_JJ when_CS they_PPHS2 underweight_JJ the_AT well-being_NN1 of_IO foreigners_NN2 in_II their_APPGE decision_NN1 making_VVG ,_, and_CC international_JJ cooperation_NN1 through_II trade_NN1 agreements_NN2 can_VM ameliorate_VVI the_AT problem_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Reputational_JJ costs_NN2 are_VBR not_XX coordinated_VVN and_CC centralized_JJ ;_; instead_RR they_PPHS2 are_VBR imposed_VVN directly_RR by_II those_DD2 who_PNQS observe_VV0 or_CC interact_VV0 with_IW a_AT1 particular_JJ organization_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Thailand_NP1 is_VBZ one_MC1 of_IO the_AT few_DA2 mixed_JJ system_NN1 in_II the_AT world_NN1 with_IW all_DB these_DD2 features_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Closely_RR linked_VVN to_II the_AT notion_NN1 of_IO plenitudo_NN1 potestatis_NN1 was_VBDZ the_AT distinction_NN1 between_II potestas_NN2 absoluta_NN1 and_CC potestas_NN2 ordinata_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
I_PPIS1 worry_VV0 that_CST we_PPIS2 are_VBR too_RG likely_JJ to_TO think_VVI that_CST our_APPGE view_NN1 must_VM be_VBI right_JJ and_CC so_RR there_EX must_VM be_VBI another_DD1 equally_RR sound_JJ alternative_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Even_RR as_CSA men_NN2 must_VM use_VVI artifice_NN1 to_TO build_VVI a_AT1 commonwealth_NN1 for_IF themselves_PPX2 ,_, they_PPHS2 are_VBR to_TO think_VVI of_IO it_PPH1 as_CSA aping_VVG a_AT1 process_NN1 of_IO natural_JJ growth_NN1 and_CC increase_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Perhaps_RR one_MC1 reason_NN1 for_IF distancing_VVG is_VBZ that_CST there_EX is_VBZ something_PN1 of_IO an_AT1 encroachment_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 kind_NN1 of_IO '_NULL distasteful_JJ feminized_JJ creep_NN1 '_NULL this_DD1 creeping_JJ edge_NN1 of_IO femininity_NN1 can_VM easily_RR and_CC speedily_RR bury_VV0 the_AT epistemological_JJ and_CC temporal_JJ value_NN1 of_IO relational_JJ work_NN1 within_II the_AT canon_NN1 of_IO IR_NN1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 performatively_RR muscular_JJ thinking_NN1 ,_, perhaps_RR especially_RR given_VVN the_AT levels_NN2 of_IO care_NN1 necessary_JJ ._. 
</s>
<s>
It_PPH1 is_VBZ important_JJ to_TO note_VVI the_AT ongoing_JJ etymologi_NN2 cal_NNU tension_NN1 within_II current_JJ scholarship_NN1 between_II the_AT use_NN1 of_IO '_NULL urban_JJ '_NULL and_CC '_NULL cities_NN2 '_NULL and_CC its_APPGE correlate_NN1 synonyms_NN2 and_CC variants_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
In_RR21 particular_RR22 ,_, these_DD2 parties_NN2 and_CC politicians_NN2 may_VM try_VVI to_TO frustrate_VVI the_AT dominant_JJ party_NN1 by_II boycotting_VVG its_APPGE legislation_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Separately_RR ,_, a_AT1 reputational_JJ lens_NN1 can_VM help_VVI to_TO identify_VVI policies_NN2 that_CST will_VM be_VBI difficult_JJ to_TO implement_VVI robustly_RR because_CS doing_VDG so_RR requires_VVZ individuals_NN2 or_CC organizations_NN2 to_TO provoke_VVI confrontations_NN2 with_IW key_JJ audience_NN1 members_NN2 ,_, or_CC to_TO trade_VVI off_RP one_MC1 valued_JJ dimension_NN1 of_IO reputation_NN1 against_II another_DD1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Legal_JJ scholars_NN2 have_VH0 argued_VVN that_CST such_DA conferences_NN2 may_VM be_VBI considered_VVN as_CSA an_AT1 expression_NN1 of_IO opinio_NN1 iuris_NN1 and_CC state_VV0 practice_NN1 ,_, both_DB2 being_VBG constitutive_JJ elements_NN2 of_IO customary_JJ international_JJ law_NN1 (_( Joyner_NP1 ,_, 2011_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
This_DD1 is_VBZ important_JJ because_CS it_PPH1 pertains_VVZ to_II Hegel_NP1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 use_NN1 of_IO the_AT disjunctive_JJ logic_NN1 of_IO subjectivity_NN1 as_II the_AT gateway_NN1 to_II the_AT domain_NN1 of_IO objectivity_NN1 and_CC the_AT syllogism_NN1 ,_, or_CC simply_RR '_NULL the_AT exhibition_NN1 of_IO the_AT Concept_NN1 '_NULL (_( 1986_MC :_: 136_MC )_) ,_, is_VBZ not_XX merely_RR the_AT form_NN1 of_IO subjective_JJ thought_NN1 ;_; rather_RR ,_, '_NULL It_PPH1 is_VBZ the_AT process_NN1 that_CST forms_VVZ the_AT passage_NN1 from_II subjectivity_NN1 to_II objectivity_NN1 '_NULL (_( 1991_MC :_: 257_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
This_DD1 involves_VVZ taking_VVG potential_JJ applications_NN2 of_IO the_AT Marxist_JJ concept_NN1 of_IO ideology_NN1 seriously_RR in_II the_AT study_NN1 of_IO the_AT history_NN1 of_IO philosophy_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
For_REX21 example_REX22 ,_, schools_NN2 and_CC social_JJ housing_NN1 are_VBR funded_VVN by_II local_JJ mayoralties_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Three_MC of_IO those_DD2 we_PPIS2 spoke_VVD to_II agreed_JJ to_TO participate_VVI in_RR21 part_RR22 because_CS they_PPHS2 were_VBDR sympathetic_JJ to_II the_AT basic_JJ premise_NN1 of_IO developing_JJ measures_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
They_PPHS2 involve_VV0 therefore_RR what_DDQ is_VBZ seen_VVN in_II the_AT male_JJ sol_NN1 dier_NN1 surprising_VVG their_APPGE child_NN1 or_CC female_JJ spouse_NN1 ,_, rather_II21 than_II22 what_DDQ is_VBZ hidden_VVN ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT magnitude_NN1 of_IO the_AT effect_NN1 of_IO our_APPGE specificity_NN1 variable_NN1 is_VBZ comparable_JJ to_II education_NN1 in_II the_AT complete_JJ opposite_JJ direction_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Because_CS liberty_NN1 is_VBZ a_AT1 fragile_JJ achievement_NN1 ,_, Selma_NP1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 state_VV0 '_NULL s_ZZ1 unchecked_JJ domination_NN1 abroad_RL ultimately_RR threatens_VVZ liberty_NN1 at_II home_NN1 ,_, as_CSA it_PPH1 normalizes_VVZ oppression_NN1 and_CC turns_VVZ it_PPH1 inward_RL ._. 
</s>
<s>
Could_VM you_PPY tell_VVI me_PPIO1 whether_CSW you_PPY are_VBR an_AT1 active_JJ member_NN1 ,_, an_AT1 inactive_JJ member_NN1 or_CC not_XX a_AT1 member_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 &lsqb;_( political_JJ party_NN1 &rsqb;_) ?_? 
</s>
<s>
The_AT cases_NN2 illustrate_VV0 that_CST although_CS there_EX are_VBR outlines_NN2 of_IO an_AT1 ideal-type_JJ nuncio_NN1 such_II21 as_II22 illustrated_JJ above_RL ,_, their_APPGE practical_JJ mode_NN1 of_IO agency_NN1 remains_VVZ a_AT1 hybrid_JJ one_PN1 as_CSA it_PPH1 comes_VVZ into_II existence_NN1 through_II the_AT interaction_NN1 of_IO different_JJ origins_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT rhetoric_NN1 of_IO the_AT spontaneous_JJ order_NN1 theorists_NN2 emphasizes_VVZ the_AT decentralized_JJ and_CC nonhierarchical_JJ nature_NN1 of_IO markets_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Historically_RR ,_, politics_NN1 in_II Thailand_NP1 has_VHZ been_VBN local_JJ ._. 
</s>
<s>
IEAs_NN2 only_RR seem_VV0 to_TO have_VHI an_AT1 effect_NN1 on_II legislation_NN1 before_II signature_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
We_PPIS2 had_VHD the_AT right_NN1 to_II a_AT1 special_JJ assembly_NN1 because_CS we_PPIS2 were_VBDR journalists_NN2 and_CC they_PPHS2 told_VVD us_PPIO2 that_CST the_AT demonstrations_NN2 in_II Budapest_NP1 had_VHD been_VBN utterly_RR contemptiblethere_NN1 was_VBDZ a_AT1 member_NN1 of_IO the_AT Central_JJ Committee_NN1 therewhen_NN1 there_EX were_VBDR assemblies_NN2 of_IO this_DD1 type_NN1 there_EX was_VBDZ always_RR a_AT1 member_NN1 of_IO the_AT CC_NP1 thereand_VV0 everyone_PN1 ended-up_JJ agreeing_NN1 that_CST it_PPH1 had_VHD been_VBN a_AT1 serious_JJ deviation_NN1 from_II the_AT spirit_NN1 of_IO communism_NN1 ..._... 
</s>
<s>
Because_CS he_PPHS1 overestimates_VVZ the_AT ability_NN1 of_IO institutions_NN2 to_TO eliminate_VVI discretion_NN1 from_II the_AT public_JJ administration_NN1 and_CC underestimates_VVZ the_AT potential_JJ benefits_NN2 of_IO discretion_NN1 to_TO render_VVI policies_NN2 responsive_JJ to_II citizen_NN1 interests_NN2 (_( on_II this_DD1 point_NN1 ,_, see_VV0 below_RL )_) ,_, Pettit_NP1 (_( 1997_MC )_) outlines_NN2 a_AT1 theory_NN1 of_IO public_JJ administration_NN1 that_CST does_VDZ not_XX adequately_RR address_VVI his_APPGE concern_NN1 with_IW domination_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT Netherlands_NP1 called_VVD for_IF civil_JJ society_NN1 participation_NN1 ,_, "_" granting_VVG these_DD2 organizations_NN2 ..._... a_AT1 role_NN1 in_II channelling_VVG sic_RR wishes_VVZ and_CC complaints_NN2 towards_II an_AT1 international_JJ forum_NN1 ,_, "_" such_II21 as_II22 the_AT CSW_NP1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
But_CCB perhaps_RR the_AT most_RGT worrisome_JJ of_IO all_DB was_VBDZ the_AT low_JJ interest_NN1 shown_VVN by_II the_AT population_NN1 toward_II the_AT Demkoalitsiia_NP1 primaries_NN2 organized_VVN in_II the_AT spring_NN1 of_IO 2016_MC ._. 
</s>
<s>
Likewise_RR a_AT1 teleological_JJ picture_NN1 is_VBZ implied_VVN by_II Adam_NP1 Smith_NP1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 image_NN1 of_IO the_AT "_" invisible_JJ hand_NN1 "_" which_DDQ ,_, it_PPH1 seems_VVZ ,_, he_PPHS1 also_RR intended_VVN to_TO have_VHI theological_JJ implications_NN2 (_( Denis_NP1 ,_, 2005_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Successful_JJ socialisation_NN1 is_VBZ manifested_VVN in_II the_AT reproduction_NN1 of_IO the_AT roles_NN2 and_CC behaviours_NN2 of_IO the_AT current_JJ generation_NN1 in_II the_AT new_JJ one_PN1 over_II time_NNT1 (_( Mayer_NP1 ,_, 1970_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Just_RR as_CSA farmer_NN1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 have_VH0 more_DAR at_II stake_NN1 in_II elections_NN2 due_II21 to_II22 their_APPGE land-leases_NN2 ,_, those_DD2 with_IW higher_JJR incomes_NN2 may_VM similarly_RR prioritize_VVI elections_NN2 with_IW open_JJ nominations_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Section_NN1 III_MC develops_VVZ the_AT implications_NN2 of_IO the_AT economic_JJ perspective_NN1 for_IF a_AT1 range_NN1 of_IO prominent_JJ controversies_NN2 that_CST have_VH0 arisen_VVN in_II ISDS_NP2 litigation_NN1 ,_, and_CC for_IF the_AT subsequent_JJ evolution_NN1 of_IO IIA_NP1 treaty_NN1 provisions_NN2 on_II controversial_JJ issues_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
In_II the_AT past_JJ four_MC decades_NNT2 and_CC a_AT1 half_NN1 (_( 1970-2014_MCMC )_) ,_, only_RR a_AT1 handful_NN1 of_IO economies_NN2 ,_, 13_MC out_II21 of_II22 182_MC in_II the_AT sample_NN1 in_II 2014Aruba_FO ,_, Czech_JJ Republic_NN1 ,_, Equatorial_JJ Guinea_NP1 ,_, Estonia_NP1 ,_, Hong_NP1 Kong_NP1 (_( China_NP1 )_) ,_, Ireland_NP1 ,_, Korea_NP1 ,_, Oman_NP1 ,_, Portugal_NP1 ,_, Singapore_NP1 ,_, Slovenia_NP1 ,_, Spain_NP1 ,_, and_CC Taiwan_NP1 Province_NN1 of_IO Chinahave_NP1 crossed_VVD the_AT high-income_JJ threshold_NN1 ,_, that_DD1 is_VBZ the_AT 75th_MD per_II centile_JJ of_IO the_AT relative_JJ income_NN1 distribution_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Moreover_RR ,_, in_RR21 general_RR22 they_PPHS2 have_VH0 not_XX been_VBN good_JJ in_II creating_VVG backward_JJ links_NN2 from_II MNCs_NP1 ,_, which_DDQ have_VH0 been_VBN '_NULL enclaves_NN2 '_NULL and_CC have_VH0 not_XX cre_NN1 ated_VVN forwards_RL and_CC backwards_RL linkages_NN2 to_TO develop_VVI domestic_JJ higher_JJR value-added_JJ production_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Brown_NP1 reminds_VVZ us_PPIO2 that_CST Marx_NP1 went_VVD considerably_RR beyond_II the_AT Kantian_JJ notion_NN1 of_IO critiqueidentifying_VVG the_AT a_JJ21 priori_JJ22 limits_NN2 of_IO intelligibility_NN1 and_CC validityby_NN1 claiming_VVG that_DD1 cognitive_JJ antinomies_NN2 have_VH0 their_APPGE ultimate_JJ source_NN1 and_CC solution_NN1 in_II the_AT nature_NN1 of_IO social_JJ reality_NN1 itself_PPX1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Unfortunately_RR ,_, their_APPGE accounts_NN2 are_VBR insufficiently_RR dialectical_JJ in_II their_APPGE failure_NN1 to_TO grasp_VVI the_AT contradictions_NN2 internal_JJ to_II the_AT tendencies_NN2 they_PPHS2 have_VH0 sought_VVN to_TO explicate_VVI ._. 
</s>
<s>
Its_APPGE success_NN1 can_VM not_XX be_VBI recorded_VVN in_II31 terms_II32 of_II33 economic_JJ growth_NN1 alone_RR ;_; that_DD1 growth_NN1 must_VM be_VBI related_VVN to_TO progress_VVI in_II the_AT quality_NN1 of_IO existence_NN1 for_IF the_AT masses_NN2 of_IO China_NP1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 working_JJ people_NN ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT relationship_NN1 between_II these_DD2 notes_NN2 and_CC Marx_NP1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 comments_NN2 in_II Capital_NN1 on_II general_JJ economic_JJ downturns_NN2 and_CC financial_JJ crises_NN2 is_VBZ obvious_JJ ,_, but_CCB at_II the_AT same_DA time_NNT1 ,_, the_AT notes_NN2 also_RR show_VV0 how_RGQ unfinished_JJ Marx_NP1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 analysis_NN1 was_VBDZ ,_, since_CS they_PPHS2 don_VV0 '_NULL t_ZZ1 offer_VV0 more_DAR than_CSN rudimentary_JJ insights_NN2 into_II his_APPGE method_NN1 and_CC his_APPGE interest_NN1 in_II the_AT theme_NN1 ,_, and_CC definitely_RR not_XX a_AT1 detailed_JJ or_CC coherent_JJ vision_NN1 of_IO the_AT issue_NN1 of_IO financial_JJ and_CC monetary_JJ instability_NN1 and_CC its_APPGE role_NN1 at_II the_AT onset_NN1 of_IO an_AT1 economic_JJ crisis_NN1 (_( Cuyvers_NP1 ,_, 2017_MC ,_, 244-245_MCMC )_) ._. 
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<s>
Senegal_NP1 provides_VVZ an_AT1 ideal_JJ context_NN1 to_TO study_VVI the_AT strategic_JJ targeting_NN1 of_IO administrative_JJ splits_NN2 and_CC local_JJ public_JJ goods_NN2 as_II31 well_II32 as_II33 voters_NN2 '_NULL responses_NN2 to_II the_AT differential_NN1 targeting_VVG policies_NN2 of_IO incumbents_NN2 for_IF several_DA2 reasons_NN2 ._. 
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The_AT successful_JJ multistakeholder_NN1 cooperation_NN1 in_II the_AT context_NN1 of_IO AROS_NP1 had_VHD opened_VVN a_AT1 window_NN1 of_IO opportunity_NN1 for_IF the_AT development_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 new_JJ OAS_NP1 in_II the_AT context_NN1 of_IO the_AT Association_NN1 of_IO Southeast_ND1 Asian_JJ Nations_NN2 (_( ASEAN_NP1 )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Figure_VV0 1_MC1 helps_VVZ us_PPIO2 better_RRR understand_VVI the_AT topics_NN2 covered_VVN in_II the_AT Twitter_NN1 discussions_NN2 about_II the_AT petition_NN1 to_TO ban_VVI grouse_NN shooting_NN1 ,_, by_II depicting_VVG its_APPGE respective_JJ semantic_JJ network_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT contribution_NN1 of_IO this_DD1 article_NN1 to_II the_AT historiography_NN1 is_VBZ in_II making_VVG a_AT1 detailed_JJ analysis_NN1 of_IO this_DD1 fundamental_JJ indicator_NN1 of_IO communist_JJ party_NN1 culture_NN1 in_II two_MC distinct_JJ but_CCB comparable_JJ organizations_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Other_JJ minorities_NN2 targeted_VVN for_IF exclusion_NN1 by_II populist_JJ right-wing_JJ parties_NN2 have_VH0 been_VBN Roma_NP1 (_( opposed_VVN by_II SNP_NP1 )_) ,_, single_JJ women_NN2 not_XX living_VVG in_II a_AT1 traditional_JJ family_NN1 (_( by_II NSi_NP1 )_) ,_, and_CC Croats_NN2 (_( by_II SPP_NP1 )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Second_MD ,_, an_AT1 important_JJ function_NN1 of_IO democratic_JJ norms_NN2 and_CC procedures_NN2 is_VBZ to_TO reign_VVI in_II the_AT powerful_JJ and_CC to_TO give_VVI all_DB members_NN2 of_IO a_AT1 political_JJ community_NN1 equal_JJ voice_NN1 irrespective_II21 of_II22 their_APPGE relative_JJ economic_JJ power_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT first_MD component_NN1 of_IO DWS_NP1 is_VBZ broadcasting_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT shortfall_NN1 in_II the_AT number_NN1 of_IO births_NN2 refers_VVZ to_II the_AT number_NN1 of_IO people_NN who_PNQS would_VM have_VHI been_VBN born_VVN except_II21 for_II22 the_AT famine_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT author_NN1 would_VM like_VVI to_TO thank_VVI the_AT Center_NN1 for_IF International_JJ Studies_NN2 at_II the_AT University_NN1 of_IO Southern_JJ California_NP1 and_CC the_AT DAAD_NP1 (_( Deutscher_NP1 Akademischer_NP1 Austauschdienst_NP1 )_) for_IF supporting_VVG this_DD1 project_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT QDR_NP1 recapitulated_VVD the_AT United_NP1 States_NP1 '_NULL role_NN1 "_" as_II the_AT security_NN1 partner_NN1 of_IO choice_NN1 ,_, "_" and_CC "_" leader_NN1 of_IO the_AT international_JJ community_NN1 ,_, "_" based_VVN on_II the_AT continued_JJ pursuit_NN1 of_IO deterrence_NN1 ,_, reassurance_NN1 ,_, and_CC traditional_JJ alliances_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
And_CC when_CS capitalist_JJ firms_NN2 and_CC corporatist_JJ unions_NN2 sought_VVD to_TO extend_VVI the_AT wartime_NN1 truce_NN1 ,_, a_AT1 massive_JJ strike-wave_NN1 ensued_VVD ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT presence_NN1 and_CC acceptance_NN1 of_IO quotas_NN2 for_IF equitable_JJ gender_NN1 representation_NN1 ,_, institutions_NN2 for_IF main_JJ streaming_JJ gender_NN1 analysis_NN1 ,_, and_CC antiviolence_NN1 against_II women_NN2 policies_NN2 ,_, for_REX21 instance_REX22 ,_, are_VBR prior_JJ structures_NN2 that_CST increasingly_RR shape_VV0 contemporary_JJ foreign_JJ policy_NN1 ,_, giving_VVG rise_NN1 to_II specific_JJ pro-gender_JJ equality_NN1 norms_NN2 and_CC strategies_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Rather_II21 than_II22 hiding_VVG behind_II the_AT myth_NN1 of_IO market_NN1 neutrality_NN1 ,_, central_JJ banks_NN2 should_VM be_VBI open_JJ about_II their_APPGE choices_NN2 so_CS21 that_CS22 these_DD2 can_VM be_VBI made_VVN accountable_JJ to_II democratic_JJ institutions_NN2 and_CC aligned_VVN with_IW environmental_JJ and_CC social_JJ priorities_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Respondents_NN2 were_VBDR paid_VVN $0.70_NNU for_IF their_APPGE completion_NN1 of_IO the_AT survey_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
As_II such_DA ,_, there_EX is_VBZ little_RR scholarly_JJ reflection_NN1 on_II how_RRQ these_DD2 actors_NN2 contribute_VV0 to_II representative_JJ democracy_NN1 (_( for_IF exceptions_NN2 see_VV0 for_REX21 example_REX22 Sorensen_NP1 2002_MC ;_; Esmark_NP1 2007_MC ;_; Kohler-Koch_NP1 2010_MC )_) and_CC how_RRQ they_PPHS2 relate_VV0 to_II electoral_JJ representatives_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
This_DD1 process_NN1 of_IO expropriation_NN1 ,_, he_PPHS1 reiterates_VVZ in_II the_AT revised_JJ paragraph_NN1 from_II the_AT French_JJ version_NN1 ,_, has_VHZ been_VBN accomplished_VVN in_II the_AT most_RGT "_" radical_JJ manner_NN1 only_RR in_II England_NP1 ,_, "_" and_CC ,_, for_IF this_DD1 reason_NN1 ,_, it_PPH1 assumes_VVZ the_AT "_" leading_JJ role_NN1 "_" in_II his_APPGE account_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Treating_VVG norm_NN1 meaning_NN1 as_CSA flexible_JJ suggests_VVZ that_CST different_JJ understandings_NN2 can_VM not_XX be_VBI identified_VVN through_II recourse_NN1 to_II the_AT traditional_JJ tools_NN2 of_IO compliance_NN1 studies_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Our_APPGE starting_NN1 point_NN1 is_VBZ that_CST in_II low-information_JJ settings_NN2 ,_, voters_NN2 search_VV0 for_IF signals_NN2 to_TO determine_VVI politicians_NN2 '_NULL congruence_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
In_II 2015_MC ,_, this_DD1 led_VVD to_II expectations_NN2 that_CST the_AT Conservative_JJ Party_NN1 would_VM fail_VVI to_II garner_NN1 enough_RR support_VV0 from_II women_NN2 voters_NN2 at_II the_AT general_JJ election_NN1 (_( Annesley_NP1 and_CC Gains_NN2 ,_, 2014_MC ;_; Bryson_NP1 ,_, 2012_MC ;_; Campbell_NP1 and_CC Childs_NP1 ,_, 2015b_FO )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Generating_VVG such_DA material_NN1 containing_VVG technical_JJ language_NN1 is_VBZ an_AT1 in_II strument_NN1 that_CST helps_VVZ companies_NN2 to_TO change_VVI public_NN1 opinion_NN1 about_II their_APPGE products_NN2 ,_, in_II this_DD1 case_NN1 GM_NP1 foods_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
As_CS31 soon_CS32 as_CS33 issues_NN2 of_IO international_JJ legitimacy_NN1 spill_VV0 beyond_II elite_NN1 bargaining_NN1 into_II the_AT public_JJ sphere_NN1 ,_, legitimacy_NN1 struggles_NN2 are_VBR likely_JJ to_TO mobilize_VVI broader_JJR segments_NN2 of_IO the_AT population_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
To_TO explore_VVI the_AT diplomatic_JJ potential_NN1 of_IO NSAs_NP2 that_CST oppose_VV0 their_APPGE respective_JJ states_NN2 ,_, this_DD1 article_NN1 examines_VVZ the_AT case_NN1 of_IO Open_JJ Russia_NP1 (_( OR_CC )_) a_AT1 transnational_JJ '_NULL movement_NN1 ..._... that_DD1 aims_VVZ to_TO connect_VVI and_CC unite_VVI Russian_JJ citizens_NN2 living_VVG in_RP and_CC outside_II21 of_II22 Russia_NP1 &rsqb;_) who_PNQS seek_VV0 a_AT1 state_NN1 governed_VVN by_II the_AT rule_NN1 of_IO law_NN1 ,_, with_IW a_AT1 strong_JJ civil_JJ society_NN1 ,_, regular_JJ free_JJ and_CC fair_JJ elections_NN2 and_CC the_AT promotion_NN1 of_IO European_JJ values_NN2 '_NULL ._. 
</s>
<s>
Declared_VVN cultural_JJ unity_NN1 ,_, presupposed_VVN by_II the_AT very_JJ definition_NN1 of_IO "_" civilization_NN1 ,_, "_" thus_RR serves_VVZ as_II a_AT1 substitute_NN1 for_IF political_JJ and_CC legal_JJ unity_NN1 and_CC restores_VVZ the_AT biographical_JJ continuity_NN1 of_IO the_AT "_" historical_JJ Russia_NP1 "_" disrupted_VVD by_II the_AT post-Soviet_JJ trauma_NN1 of_IO spatial_JJ disintegration_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT HRC_NP1 negotiation_NN1 system_NN1 has_VHZ a_AT1 local_JJ characteristic_NN1 ,_, which_DDQ consists_VVZ of_IO a_AT1 core_NN1 group_NN1 of_IO states_NN2 that_CST lead_VV0 the_AT negotiation_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT project_NN1 of_IO constructing_VVG a_AT1 critical_JJ social_JJ theory_NN1 for_IF the_AT 21st_MD century_NNT1 would_VM be_VBI immensely_RR harmed_VVN by_II abandoning_VVG the_AT project_NN1 of_IO replacing_VVG capitalist_JJ market_NN1 societies_NN2 with_IW the_AT democratization_NN1 of_IO all_DB exercises_NN2 of_IO political_JJ power_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Clearly_RR ,_, states_NN2 resist_VV0 as_RR21 well_RR22 ,_, particularly_RR regarding_VVG matters_NN2 that_CST touch_VV0 on_II national_JJ security_NN1 or_CC core_NN1 societal_JJ norms_NN2 and_CC values_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Thirdly_RR ,_, the_AT resolution_NN1 was_VBDZ updated_VVN by_II explicitly_RR stipulating_VVG that_CST the_AT government_NN1 was_VBDZ granted_VVN permission_NN1 to_TO participate_VVI in_II the_AT intervention_NN1 '_NULL for_IF the_AT duration_NN1 of_IO one_MC1 month_NNT1 '_NULL ._. 
</s>
<s>
This_DD1 time_NNT1 ,_, however_RR ,_, the_AT initiative_NN1 was_VBDZ a_AT1 failure_NN1 ;_; in_II the_AT end_NN1 the_AT necessary_JJ generalized_JJ pressures_NN2 for_IF change_NN1 were_VBDR simply_RR not_XX there_RL ._. 
</s>
<s>
Demands_NN2 emanating_VVG from_II groups_NN2 in_II society_NN1 are_VBR channeled_VVN through_II parties_NN2 ,_, which_DDQ have_VH0 an_AT1 internal_JJ logic_NN1 and_CC organization_NN1 of_IO their_APPGE own_DA (_( see_VV0 ,_, e.g._REX ,_, Schattschneider_NP1 1960_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT shape_NN1 of_IO this_DD1 curve_NN1 can_VM be_VBI described_VVN by_II its_APPGE height_NN1 (_( i.e._REX the_AT maximum_JJ level_NN1 of_IO effectiveness_NN1 )_) ,_, its_APPGE skewness_NN1 (_( the_AT level_NN1 of_IO previous_JJ vote_NN1 share_NN1 where_CS we_PPIS2 observe_VV0 maximum_JJ effectiveness_NN1 )_) and_CC its_APPGE spread_NN1 (_( the_AT extent_NN1 to_II which_DDQ the_AT peak_NN1 campaign_NN1 effect_NN1 and_CC the_AT minimal_JJ campaign_NN1 effect_NN1 differ_VV0 from_II each_PPX221 other_PPX222 )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
When_CS accounting_VVG for_IF the_AT conditional_JJ effects_NN2 of_IO partisan_JJ conflict_NN1 and_CC policymaking_NN1 capacity_NN1 on_II unilateralism_NN1 ,_, the_AT expected_JJ relationships_NN2 emerge_VV0 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Existential_JJ security_NN1 requires_VVZ a_AT1 paradigm_NN1 shift_VV0 from_II think_VV0 ing_VVG about_II security_NN1 policy_NN1 as_II a_AT1 matter_NN1 of_IO (_( national_JJ )_) '_NULL defense_NN1 '_NULL to_II being_VBG a_AT1 matter_NN1 of_IO (_( global_JJ )_) '_NULL governance_NN1 '_NULL ._. 
</s>
<s>
Labor_NN1 unions_NN2 are_VBR an_AT1 especially_RR important_JJ class_NN1 of_IO organizations_NN2 in_II both_DB2 the_AT workplace_NN1 and_CC more_RGR broadly_RR in_II American_JJ politics_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Radical_JJ pedagogy_NN1 is_VBZ based_VVN on_II distrust_NN1 in_II social_JJ emancipation_NN1 and_CC "_" on_II individual_JJ cognitive_JJ emancipation_NN1 "_" (_( 2007_MC ,_, 2_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Birkenfeld_NP1 served_VVD 2.5_MC years_NNT2 in_II jail_NN1 for_IF his_APPGE own_DA role_NN1 in_II the_AT tax_NN1 evasion_NN1 scheme_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
These_DD2 analyses_NN2 demonstrate_VV0 that_CST the_AT items_NN2 scale_VV0 well_RR and_CC form_VV0 two_MC separate_JJ dimensions_NN2 (_( see_VV0 Appendix_NN1 )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT VRA_NN1 was_VBDZ challenged_VVN in_II federal_JJ court_NN1 several_DA2 times_NNT2 immediately_RR after_II its_APPGE passage_NN1 and_CC the_AT Supreme_JJ Court_NN1 under_II Chief_JJ Justice_NN1 Earl_NNB Warren_NP1 upheld_VVN its_APPGE constitutionality_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
One_MC1 important_JJ reason_NN1 for_IF liberal_JJ weakness_NN1 resides_VVZ in_II the_AT conceptual_JJ ambiguity_NN1 inherent_JJ in_II the_AT very_JJ term_NN1 "_" liberal_NN1 ._. "_" 
</s>
<s>
Wellstone_NN1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 death_NN1 ,_, like_II Fuddy_NP1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 ,_, has_VHZ been_VBN the_AT subject_NN1 of_IO numerous_JJ conspiracy_NN1 theories_NN2 ,_, most_DAT of_IO which_DDQ allege_VV0 that_CST the_AT Bush_NP1 administration_NN1 orchestrated_VVD his_APPGE death_NN1 to_TO silence_VVI dissent_NN1 regarding_II the_AT invasion_NN1 of_IO Iraq_NP1 and_CC maintain_VV0 a_AT1 Republican_NN1 majority_NN1 in_II the_AT Senate_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
In_II April_NPM1 2015_MC the_AT European_JJ Commission_NN1 and_CC the_AT HR_NNU issued_VVD a_AT1 Joint_JJ Communication_NN1 on_II '_NULL Capacity_NN1 building_NN1 in_II31 support_II32 of_II33 security_NN1 and_CC development_NN1 (_( CBSD_NP1 )_) –_- enabling_VVG partners_NN2 to_TO prevent_VVI and_CC manage_VVI crises_NN2 '_NULL (_( European_JJ Union_NN1 2015_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Surely_RR ,_, from_II a_AT1 systems_NN2 perspective_NN1 ,_, scores_NN2 on_II particular_JJ indicators_NN2 ,_, measuring_VVG ,_, for_REX21 example_REX22 ,_, the_AT inclusiveness_NN1 and_CC representativeness_NN1 of_IO online_JJ deliberations_NN2 ,_, must_VM take_VVI into_II account_NN1 the_AT actual_JJ participatory_JJ levels_NN2 on_II other_JJ arenas_NN2 (_( in_II civil_JJ society_NN1 ,_, governance_NN1 structures_NN2 ,_, the_AT mass_JJ media_NN etc._RA )_) ,_, and_CC the_AT fact_NN1 that_CST participatory_JJ patterns_NN2 vary_VV0 immensely_RR between_II countries_NN2 and_CC regions_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
With_IW innovative_JJ and_CC appropriate_JJ measurement_NN1 techniques_NN2 ,_, this_DD1 hypothesis_NN1 could_VM be_VBI tested_VVN both_RR cross-sectionally_RR and_CC over_II time_NNT1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT "_" thing_NN1 "_" whose_DDQGE representation_NN1 is_VBZ reconstructed_VVN here_RL is_VBZ religion_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT reform_NN1 eagerness_NN1 of_IO Danish_JJ municipalities_NN2 may_VM ,_, thus_RR ,_, also_RR be_VBI connected_VVN with_IW greater_JJR developmental_JJ '_NULL muscles_NN2 '_NULL associated_VVN with_IW competences_NN2 ,_, norms_NN2 and_CC resources_NN2 supporting_VVG translation_NN1 of_IO new_JJ ideas_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
In_II other_JJ words_NN2 ,_, the_AT idea_NN1 of_IO incumbents_NN2 refers_VVZ more_RGR adequately_RR to_II a_AT1 dominant_JJ coalition_NN1 ,_, which_DDQ is_VBZ different_JJ from_II claiming_VVG that_CST it_PPH1 is_VBZ homogenous_JJ all_DB the_AT way_NN1 down_RP ._. 
</s>
<s>
Latin_JJ American_JJ leaders_NN2 initially_RR reacted_VVD to_II this_DD1 transformation_NN1 with_IW some_DD unease_NN1 ,_, but_CCB generally_RR downplayed_VVD the_AT importance_NN1 of_IO the_AT trend_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Doctors_NN2 may_VM serve_VVI their_APPGE communities_NN2 while_CS owning_VVG outpatient_NN1 diagnostic_JJ and_CC treatment_NN1 centers_NN2 ,_, but_CCB their_APPGE profits_NN2 should_VM not_XX depend_VVI on_II referring_VVG their_APPGE own_DA patients_NN2 there_RL (_( Institute_NN1 of_IO Medicine_NN1 2009_MC ,_, pp_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT troublesome_JJ national_JJ inspection_NN1 system_NN1 was_VBDZ only_RR required_VVN to_TO detect_VVI underground_JJ tests_NN2 and_CC ,_, in_II theory_NN1 ,_, a_AT1 limited_JJ agreement_NN1 which_DDQ allowed_VVD the_AT parties_NN2 to_TO test_VVI underground_RL would_VM mean_VVI that_CST no_AT verification_NN1 or_CC inspection_NN1 systems_NN2 would_VM be_VBI needed_VVN and_CC thus_RR the_AT pathway_NN1 to_II an_AT1 agreement_NN1 would_VM be_VBI clear_JJ ._. 
</s>
<s>
In_II either_DD1 case_NN1 ,_, we_PPIS2 assume_VV0 that_CST non-random_JJ selection_NN1 is_VBZ driven_VVN more_RRR by_II traits_NN2 of_IO the_AT sender-host_JJ relationship_NN1 than_CSN by_II the_AT decisions_NN2 of_IO opposition_NN1 groups_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Theorizing_VVG the_AT circulation_NN1 of_IO violence_NN1 and_CC its_APPGE relationship_NN1 to_II law_NN1 makes_VVZ it_PPH1 possible_JJ to_II better_JJR grasp_NN1 what_DDQ emancipatory_JJ political_JJ action_NN1 requires_VVZ ._. 
</s>
<s>
Onward_JJ connectivity_NN1 to_II Chennai_NP1 is_VBZ also_RR envisaged_VVN as_II a_AT1 way_NN1 to_TO extend_VVI production_NN1 networks_NN2 ,_, given_VVN Japan_NP1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 heavy_JJ investment_NN1 in_II India_NP1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 ring-like_JJ industrial_JJ corridors_NN2 project_VV0 linking_VVG Chennai_NP1 ,_, Kolkata_NP1 ,_, New_NP1 Delhi_NP1 and_CC Mumbai_NP1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
In_II the_AT weeks_NNT2 that_CST followed_VVD ,_, Eisenhower_NP1 administration_NN1 officials_NN2 began_VVD to_TO separate_VVI the_AT issue_NN1 of_IO Soviet_JJ jamming_NN1 of_IO the_AT Voice_NN1 of_IO America_NP1 from_II the_AT issue_NN1 of_IO Soviet_JJ capabilities_NN2 to_TO shut_VVI down_RP all_DB international_JJ HF_NP1 radio_NN1 communications_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
H1c_FO :_: Network_NN1 logic_NN1 hypothesis_NN1 :_: network_NN1 arguments_NN2 will_VM increase_VVI citizen_NN1 support_NN1 for_IF regulatory_JJ stringency_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
We_PPIS2 had_VHD direct_JJ contact_NN1 with_IW different_JJ factions_NN2 inside_RL and_CC outside_II Somalia_NP1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Overcompliance_NN1 suggests_VVZ that_CST the_AT EU_NP1 sanc_NN1 tions_NN2 regime_NN1 has_VHZ had_VHN a_AT1 dampening_JJ effect_NN1 on_II trade_NN1 even_RR beyond_II the_AT sectors_NN2 affected_VVN (_( Johnston_NP1 2015_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Despite_II these_DD2 common_JJ pressures_NN2 ,_, income_NN1 inequality_NN1 did_VDD not_XX rise_VVI to_II the_AT same_DA extent_NN1 everywhere_RL ;_; income_NN1 in_II the_AT Anglo-Saxon_JJ countries_NN2 remains_VVZ particularly_RR unequally_RR distributed_VVN ._. 
</s>
<s>
Moreover_RR ,_, given_VVN the_AT dyadic_JJ nature_NN1 of_IO the_AT data_NN ,_, we_PPIS2 were_VBDR often_RR in_II a_AT1 position_NN1 to_TO reconstruct_VVI MLAT_NN1 relationships_NN2 of_IO those_DD2 countries_NN2 that_CST did_VDD not_XX provide_VVI us_PPIO2 with_IW data_NN ._. 
</s>
<s>
However_RR ,_, the_AT primary_JJ determinant_NN1 of_IO how_RRQ this_DD1 variable_NN1 is_VBZ coded_VVN is_VBZ whether_CSW the_AT internal_JJ US_NP1 assessments_NN2 indicate_VV0 a_AT1 belief_NN1 that_CST compliance_NN1 was_VBDZ likely_JJ ._. 
</s>
<s>
Such_DA experts_NN2 are_VBR so_RG numerous_JJ across_II so_RG many_DA2 areas_NN2 of_IO governance_NN1 that_CST it_PPH1 is_VBZ appropriate_JJ to_TO refer_VVI to_II a_AT1 densely_RR populated_VVN Gulf_NP1 experts_NN2 sector_NN1 ,_, particularly_RR given_VVN the_AT tendency_NN1 for_IF them_PPHO2 to_TO circulate_VVI around_II the_AT region_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT central_JJ column_NN1 lists_VVZ the_AT broader_JJR structural_JJ variables_NN2 ;_; the_AT right-most_DAT column_NN1 indicates_VVZ how_RRQ the_AT hypotheses_NN2 are_VBR connected_VVN with_IW the_AT immediate_JJ political_JJ conditions_NN2 dummy_JJ variables_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Foreign_JJ secretary_NN1 talks_VVZ that_CST took_VVD place_NN1 eventually_RR were_VBDR then_RT termed_VVN as_CSA "_" not_XX official_JJ ,_, simply_RR a_AT1 courtesy_NN1 "_" by_II a_AT1 government_NN1 spokesperson_NN1 in_II parliament_NN1 (_( Haidar_NP1 2016_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
In_II Role_NN1 Theory_NN1 terms_NN2 ,_, the_AT mechanism_NN1 through_II which_DDQ misplacedness_NN1 manifest_VV0 itself_PPX1 is_VBZ called_VVN a_AT1 role_NN1 location_NN1 process_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Some_DD diplomats_NN2 hold_VV0 up_RG21 to_RG22 7_MC postings_NN2 ,_, so_CS the_AT same_DA individual_NN1 may_VM represent_VVI multiple_JJ observations_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
In_II other_JJ words_NN2 ,_, it_PPH1 was_VBDZ generally_RR assumed_VVN that_CST people_NN enjoyed_VVD equal_JJ constituent_NN1 power_NN1 but_CCB different_JJ political_JJ skills_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT commencement_NN1 of_IO benefits_NN2 is_VBZ linked_VVN to_II the_AT date_NN1 of_IO the_AT surrender_NN1 of_IO the_AT land_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
This_DD1 level_NN1 of_IO precision_NN1 contrasts_VVZ with_IW the_AT uniform_JJ monoculture_NN1 practices_VVZ that_CST have_VH0 dominated_VVN since_CS the_AT introduction_NN1 of_IO hybrid_JJ seeds_NN2 and_CC agrochemicals_NN2 one_MC1 hundred_NNO years_NNT2 ago_RA (_( Weersink_NP1 et_RA21 al_RA22 ._. 
</s>
<s>
2018_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
As_CSA shown_VVN in_II the_AT em_FU pirical_JJ part_NN1 of_IO this_DD1 article_NN1 ,_, Yemeni_NN1 ,_, Egyptian_JJ and_CC Tunisian_JJ diplomats_NN2 oscillated_VVD between_II these_DD2 two_MC approaches_NN2 in_II developing_VVG different_JJ behavioural_JJ strategies_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Two_MC or_CC three_MC types_NN2 of_IO gear_NN1 were_VBDR used_VVN by_II 19%_NNU of_IO fishermen_NN2 ,_, four_MC or_CC five_MC by_II 42%_NNU and_CC six_MC or_CC more_RRR by_II 37%_NNU ._. 
</s>
<s>
In_II his_APPGE piece_NN1 World_NN1 Politics_NN1 in_II 1958_MC ,_, A.F.K._NP1 Organski_NP1 initially_RR deveoped_VVD the_AT theory_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Because_CS the_AT electoral_JJ risks_NN2 of_IO making_VVG significant_JJ changes_NN2 to_II strategy_NN1 are_VBR amplified_VVN at_II this_DD1 time_NNT1 of_IO highest_JJT political_JJ sensitivity_NN1 ,_, the_AT president_NN1 may_VM be_VBI willing_JJ to_TO accept_VVI some_DD substantive_JJ cost_NN1 of_IO postponement_NN1 to_TO avoid_VVI suffering_VVG any_DD political_JJ fallout_NN1 when_CS it_PPH1 matters_VVZ most_RRT ._. 
</s>
<s>
He_PPHS1 adds_VVZ that_CST we_PPIS2 have_VH0 witnessed_VVN "_" the_AT serial_JJ destruction_NN1 of_IO all_DB inherited_JJ concepts_NN2 ._. "_" 
</s>
<s>
Minimum_JJ steps_NN2 include_VV0 rebuilding_VVG government_NN1 stockpiles_NN2 ,_, ensuring_VVG manufacturing_NN1 and_CC assembly_NN1 capabilities_NN2 for_IF critical_JJ components_NN2 ,_, and_CC perhaps_RR regulating_VVG firms_NN2 '_NULL behaviour_NN1 to_TO ensure_VVI supply_NN1 chain_NN1 resilience_NN1 in_II the_AT future_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Each_DD1 day_NNT1 ,_, five_MC randomly-sampled_JJ posts_NN2 were_VBDR collected_VVN ,_, totaling_VVG 10,950_MC posts_NN2 on_II the_AT topic_NN1 of_IO terrorism_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
This_DD1 thought_NN1 is_VBZ reinforced_VVN by_II empirical_JJ studies_NN2 into_II the_AT social_JJ psychology_NN1 of_IO ingroup_NN1 bias_NN1 ,_, arguing_VVG that_CST there_EX are_VBR strong_JJ psychological_JJ incentives_NN2 to_TO ignore_VVI or_CC rationalize_VVI instances_NN2 in_II which_DDQ one_MC1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 community_NN1 of_IO identity_NN1 does_VDZ not_XX live_VVI up_II21 to_II22 its_APPGE perceived_JJ image_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
A_AT1 constitutionalized_JJ world_NN1 society_NN1 would_VM ensure_VVI that_CST the_AT international_JJ community_NN1 of_IO states_NN2 is_VBZ '_NULL capable_JJ of_IO making_VVG political_JJ initiatives_NN2 and_CC executing_VVG joint_JJ decisions_NN2 '_NULL (_( but_CCB without_IW becoming_VVG a_AT1 global_JJ state_NN1 )_) ,_, while_CS constitutionalization_NN1 ensures_VVZ that_CST higher_JJR legal_JJ principles_NN2 ,_, especially_RR human_JJ rights_NN2 ,_, constrain_VV0 the_AT power_NN1 of_IO states_NN2 as_II the_AT legislators_NN2 of_IO international_JJ law_NN1 (_( Habermas_NP2 ,_, 2006_MC ,_, pp_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Granting_VVG approval_NN1 through_II a_AT1 parliamentary_JJ resolution_NN1 offered_VVD a_AT1 chance_NN1 to_TO have_VHI a_AT1 final_JJ say_NN1 over_II the_AT exact_JJ mandate_NN1 of_IO the_AT mission_NN1 (_( e.g._REX the_AT specific_JJ commitments_NN2 ,_, time_NNT1 of_IO deployment_NN1 and_CC duration_NN1 )_) ,_, potentially_RR limiting_VVG the_AT leeway_NN1 of_IO the_AT executive_NN1 and_CC curbing_VVG the_AT risk_NN1 of_IO mission_NN1 creep_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Marx_NP1 himself_PPX1 never_RR speaks_VVZ of_IO a_AT1 Natur-Dialektik_NP1 "_" (_( Hook_NP1 ,_, 1962_MC ,_, 75_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT event_NN1 counts_NN2 are_VBR based_VVN on_II coding_NN1 of_IO mentions_NN2 in_II news_NN1 sources_NN2 ,_, primarily_RR the_AT New_NP1 York_NP1 Times_NNT2 ._. 
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<s>
His_APPGE claim_NN1 here_RL is_VBZ that_CST the_AT '_NULL thickness_NN1 '_NULL of_IO civic_JJ solidarity_NN1 reflects_VVZ the_AT fact_NN1 that_CST it_PPH1 forms_VVZ out_II21 of_II22 particular_JJ collective_JJ identities_NN2 ,_, which_DDQ depend_VV0 for_IF their_APPGE coherence_NN1 on_II the_AT distinction_NN1 between_II members_NN2 and_CC non-members_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Javier_NP1 Zapata_NP1 and_CC Jose_NP1 Leonidas_NP2 Bustos_NN2 ,_, other_JJ key_JJ justices_NN2 at_II the_AT time_NNT1 ,_, were_VBDR known_VVN for_IF favoring_VVG self-limiting_NN1 ,_, conservative_JJ positions_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Neither_RR the_AT Council_NN1 nor_CC ECOWAS_NN2 invoked_VVD Doe_NP1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 invitation_NN1 as_II a_AT1 basis_NN1 for_IF intervening_VVG ._. 
</s>
<s>
When_CS we_PPIS2 consider_VV0 that_CST such_DA interpretations_NN2 are_VBR often_RR used_VVN as_CSA the_AT basis_NN1 for_IF rethinking_VVG aspects_NN2 of_IO our_APPGE own_DA conception_NN1 of_IO democracy_NN1 ,_, this_DD1 alone_RR gives_VVZ us_PPIO2 reason_NN1 to_TO return_VVI to_II this_DD1 long_JJ philosophical_JJ tradition_NN1 of_IO reading_VVG the_AT Politics_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
But_CCB put_VV0 these_DD2 various_JJ claims_NN2 to_II one_MC1 side_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Second_MD ,_, although_CS coverage_NN1 is_VBZ available_JJ for_IF a_AT1 range_NN1 of_IO contingencies_NN2 ,_, as_CSA noted_VVN ,_, the_AT availability_NN1 of_IO coverage_NN1 does_VDZ not_XX extend_VVI to_II all_DB of_IO the_AT commitments_NN2 typically_RR embodied_VVN in_II IIAs_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Given_VVN the_AT widespread_JJ use_NN1 of_IO information_NN1 sharing_VVG globally_RR ,_, and_CC the_AT growing_JJ importance_NN1 of_IO MLATs_NP2 in_RR21 particular_RR22 ,_, it_PPH1 is_VBZ surprising_JJ how_RGQ little_DA1 work_NN1 in_II International_JJ Relations_NN2 has_VHZ examined_VVN such_DA cooperation_NN1 :_: How_RRQ do_VD0 states_NN2 select_VVI partners_NN2 for_IF information_NN1 exchange_NN1 ?_? 
</s>
<s>
The_AT small_JJ number_NN1 of_IO empirical_JJ studies_NN2 of_IO coalition_NN1 agreements_NN2 that_CST do_VD0 exist_VVI have_VH0 focused_VVN on_II explaining_VVG either_RR the_AT presence_NN1 of_IO coalition_NN1 agreements_NN2 or_CC their_APPGE overall_JJ length_NN1 ,_, or_CC the_AT variation_NN1 in_II how_RGQ comprehensively_RR policies_NN2 or_CC procedural_JJ rules_NN2 are_VBR generally_RR covered_VVN (_( e.g._REX ,_, Bowler_NN1 ,_, Br?uninger_NP1 ,_, Debus_NP1 ,_, &;_NULL Indridason_NP1 ,_, 2016_MC ;_; Eichorst_NP1 ,_, 2014_MC ;_; Indridason_NP1 &;_NULL Kristinsson_NP1 ,_, 2013_MC ;_; Moury_NP1 &;_NULL Timmermans_NP2 ,_, 2013_MC ;_; Str?m_NP1 &;_NULL Müller_NP1 ,_, 1999_MC ;_; Str?m_NP1 ,_, Müller_NP1 ,_, &;_NULL Bergman_NP1 ,_, 2008_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
A_AT1 number_NN1 of_IO factors_NN2 that_CST may_VM be_VBI correlated_VVN with_IW our_APPGE independent_JJ variables_NN2 and_CC δ_FO social_JJ spending_NN1 must_VM be_VBI controlled_VVN for_IF ._. 
</s>
<s>
Moreover_RR ,_, we_PPIS2 see_VV0 it_PPH1 in_II the_AT feedback_NN1 loop_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 reconstruction_NN1 of_IO national_JJ identity_NN1 as_II the_AT prime_JJ frame_NN1 of_IO reference_NN1 for_IF citizens_NN2 and_CC the_AT amplification_NN1 of_IO the_AT European_JJ Council_NN1 as_II the_AT primary_JJ locus_NN1 of_IO EU_NP1 politics_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
If_CS the_AT electoral_JJ institutions_NN2 allow_VV0 voters_NN2 to_TO select_VVI candidate-specific_JJ preferences_NN2 (_( such_II21 as_II22 in_II open-list_JJ PR_NP1 ,_, single_JJ non-transferable_JJ vote_NN1 (_( SNTV_NP1 )_) and_CC plurality_NN1 systems_NN2 )_) ,_, voters_NN2 will_VM seek_VVI information_NN1 on_II candidates_NN2 ,_, as_CSA it_PPH1 becomes_VVZ necessary_JJ to_TO distinguish_VVI them_PPHO2 from_II their_APPGE counterparts_NN2 both_RR within_RL and_CC across_II parties_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT rule_NN1 of_IO an_AT1 "_" advanced_JJ "_" British_JJ administration_NN1 over_II the_AT historically_RR backward_JJ colonies_NN2 was_VBDZ claimed_VVN to_TO be_VBI generative_JJ of_IO the_AT capacity_NN1 for_IF self-government_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
As_CSA is_VBZ well-established_JJ ,_, roll-calls_NN2 are_VBR not_XX representative_JJ of_IO the_AT whole_JJ population_NN1 of_IO votes_NN2 because_CS there_EX are_VBR two_MC other_JJ voting_NN1 methods_NN2 in_II the_AT EP_NP1 (_( '_NULL show_NN1 of_IO hands_NN2 '_NULL and_CC electronic_JJ voting_NN1 )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT amplificatory_JJ logics_NN2 of_IO the_AT media_NN affect_VV0 the_AT communicative_JJ behaviour_NN1 of_IO political_JJ actors_NN2 and_CC institutions_NN2 whenever_RRQV they_PPHS2 step_VV0 out_II21 of_II22 the_AT arenas_NN2 of_IO bargaining_NN1 and_CC deliberation_NN1 to_TO communicate_VVI with_IW the_AT external_JJ publics_NN2 '_NULL (_( Trenz_NP1 2008_MC :_: 305_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Moreover_RR ,_, population_NN1 satisfaction_NN1 in_II democratic_JJ states_NN2 is_VBZ likely_JJ to_TO be_VBI relatively_RR high_JJ ,_, compared_VVN to_II non-democratic_JJ states_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
To_II a_AT1 very_RG similar_JJ extent_NN1 ,_, I_PPIS1 suggest_VV0 understanding_VVG Russia_NP1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 post-Soviet_JJ era_NN1 as_II a_AT1 time_NNT1 where_RRQ a_AT1 new_JJ face_NN1 and_CC meaning_NN1 are_VBR given_VVN to_II the_AT landscape_NN1 :_: the_AT Soviet_JJ landscape_NN1 ,_, with_IW its_APPGE memorials_NN2 and_CC architecture_NN1 ,_, remains_VVZ in_II place_NN1 but_CCB is_VBZ nowadays_RT dominated_VVN by_II religious_JJ architecture_NN1 and_CC symbols_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT left-hand_JJ panel_NN1 of_IO Figure_NN1 14_MC displays_VVZ those_DD2 observations_NN2 where_RRQ the_AT network_NN1 model_NN1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 positive_JJ predictions_NN2 most_RRT disagree_VV0 with_IW the_AT non-network_JJ model_NN1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 predictions_NN2 ,_, and_CC the_AT right-hand_JJ panel_NN1 displays_VVZ those_DD2 observations_NN2 where_RRQ the_AT non-network_JJ model_NN1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 positive_JJ predictions_NN2 most_RRT disagree_VV0 with_IW the_AT network_NN1 model_NN1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 predictions_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT latter_DA enmeshes_VVZ us_PPIO2 in_RP deeply_RR normative_JJ discussions_NN2 about_II the_AT meaning_NN1 of_IO the_AT concept_NN1 of_IO the_AT state_NN1 ,_, disputes_NN2 which_DDQ can_VM not_XX be_VBI set_VVN aside_RL if_CS we_PPIS2 wish_VV0 to_TO explore_VVI the_AT concept_NN1 of_IO agency_NN1 at_II the_AT heart_NN1 of_IO the_AT neutral_JJ definition_NN1 itself_PPX1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Several_DA2 women_NN2 are_VBR still_RR dubious_JJ about_II the_AT revolution_NN1 ,_, and_CC they_PPHS2 are_VBR too_RG scared_JJ to_TO self-determine_VVI against_II their_APPGE relatives_NN2 and_CC social_JJ norms_NN2 ,_, but_CCB the_AT continuous_JJ work_NN1 by_II activists_NN2 ensures_VVZ that_CST many_DA2 of_IO them_PPHO2 can_VM be_VBI involved_JJ in_II their_APPGE communities_NN2 '_NULL social_JJ and_CC political_JJ lives_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Further_JJR development_NN1 of_IO informa_NN1 tion_NN1 and_CC communication_NN1 technologies_NN2 (_( ICTs_NP2 )_) and_CC artificial_JJ intelligence_NN1 (_( AI_NN1 )_) systems_NN2 may_VM provide_VVI new_JJ tools_NN2 for_IF analyz_NN1 ing_VVG and_CC monitoring_VVG biodiversity_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT Inclusive_JJ Framework_NN1 is_VBZ open_JJ to_II countries_NN2 that_CST commit_VV0 to_II implementing_VVG the_AT BEPS_NP2 minimum_JJ standards_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Jean_NP1 Dreze_NP1 and_CC Amartya_NP1 Sen_NNA (_( 2006_MC )_) attribute_VV0 the_AT famine_NN1 to_II a_AT1 shortage_NN1 of_IO information_NN1 resulting_VVG from_II the_AT lack_NN1 of_IO adversarial_JJ politics_NN1 and_CC an_AT1 open_JJ press_NN1 ,_, maintaining_VVG that_CST the_AT reason_NN1 why_RRQ famine_NN1 did_VDD not_XX occur_VVI in_II India_NP1 was_VBDZ because_II21 of_II22 that_DD1 country_NN1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 freedom_NN1 and_CC democracy_NN1 ,_, especially_RR its_APPGE freedom_NN1 of_IO the_AT press_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Third_MD ,_, Senegal_NP1 recently_RR witnessed_VVN a_AT1 series_NN of_IO widespread_JJ administrative-unit_NN1 splits_VVZ :_: about_RG 20%_NNU of_IO villages_NN2 were_VBDR affected_VVN by_II splits_NN2 in_II 2008_MC alone_JJ ;_; a_AT1 preelection_NN1 year_NNT1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Butler_NP1 ,_, then_RT ,_, might_VM be_VBI seen_VVN as_CSA unwittingly_RR undressing_VVG Foucault_NN1 of_IO his_APPGE drag_VV0 and_CC outfitting_VVG him_PPHO1 in_II the_AT same_DA suits_NN2 proudly_RR worn_VVN by_II contemporary_JJ ideologiekritikers_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT findings_NN2 also_RR remain_VV0 consistent_JJ when_CS re-estimating_VVG the_AT core_NN1 models_NN2 excluding_VVG from_II the_AT sample_NN1 self-coded_JJ terrorist_JJ data_NN (_( Online_JJ appendix_NN1 ,_, Table_NN1 XIX_MC ,_, Figures_NN2 13–14_MCMC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
A_AT1 list_NN1 of_IO followers_NN2 for_IF each_DD1 Twitter_NN1 account_NN1 was_VBDZ compiled_VVN ,_, and_CC the_AT Visone_NN1 software_NN1 (_( Brandes_NP1 &;_NULL Wagner_NP1 2004_MC )_) was_VBDZ employed_VVN to_TO construct_VVI directed_JJ networks_NN2 and_CC calculate_VVI their_APPGE In-Degree_NP1 centrality_NN1 (_( the_AT number_NN1 of_IO MFAs/UN_FU missions_NN2 follow_VV0 ing_VVG )_) and_CC Out-Degree_NN1 centrality_NN1 (_( the_AT number_NN1 of_IO MFAs/UN_FU mis_NN1 sions_NN2 being_VBG followed_VVN )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
As_CSA Kyrgyzstan_NP1 initially_RR liberalized_VVD its_APPGE economy_NN1 to_II a_AT1 greater_JJR extent_NN1 than_CSN most_DAT other_JJ post-communist_JJ states_NN2 ,_, the_AT privatization_NN1 process_NN1 became_VVD a_AT1 particularly_RR lucrative_JJ source_NN1 of_IO rents_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
A_AT1 division_NN1 that_CST had_VHD been_VBN visibly_RR emerging_VVG over_II the_AT course_NN1 of_IO the_AT last_MD decade_NNT1 between_II the_AT conservativepopulist_NN1 and_CC centristliberal_JJ camps_NN2 thus_RR became_VVD solidified_JJ ._. 
</s>
<s>
For_IF these_DD2 regions_NN2 ,_, regional_JJ representation_NN1 in_II the_AT national_JJ political_JJ institutions_NN2 has_VHZ been_VBN of_IO concern_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
This_DD1 hypothesis_NN1 is_VBZ the_AT logical_JJ extension_NN1 of_IO the_AT existing_JJ arguments_NN2 concerning_II the_AT benefits_NN2 of_IO PR_NP1 systems_NN2 for_IF women_NN2 '_NULL s_ZZ1 representation_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT data_NN on_II most_DAT churches_NN2 include_VV0 precise_JJ construction_NN1 dates_NN2 ,_, while_CS others_NN2 have_VH0 only_RR roughly_RR estimated_VVN temporal_JJ information_NN1 (_( e.g._REX built_VVN in_II the_AT 17th_MD century_NNT1 )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
At_II the_AT 2009_MC World_NN1 Economic_JJ Forum_NN1 in_II Davos_NP1 ,_, Premier_JJ Wen_NP1 Jiabao_NP1 condemned_VVD the_AT current_JJ order_NN1 for_IF its_APPGE "_" unsustainable_JJ model_NN1 of_IO development_NN1 characterized_VVN by_II ..._... excessive_JJ expansion_NN1 of_IO financialinstitutions_NN2 in_II a_AT1 blind_JJ pursuit_NN1 of_IO profit_NN1 ..._... and_CC the_AT failure_NN1 of_IO financial_JJ supervision_NN1 and_CC regulation_NN1 to_TO keep_VVI up_RP with_IW financial_JJ innovation_NN1 ._. "_" 
</s>
<s>
The_AT "_" history_NN1 of_IO this_DD1 expropriation_NN1 assumes_VVZ different_JJ aspects_NN2 in_II different_JJ countries_NN2 ,_, and_CC runs_VVZ through_II its_APPGE various_JJ phases_NN2 in_II different_JJ orders_NN2 of_IO succession_NN1 ,_, and_CC at_II different_JJ historical_JJ epochs_NN2 "_" (_( Marx_NP1 ,_, 1990_MC ,_, 876_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT information_NN1 available_JJ to_II AI_NN1 staffers_NN2 varies_VVZ across_II countries_NN2 and_CC over_II time_NNT1 ,_, and_CC this_DD1 fact_NN1 influences_VVZ the_AT number_NN1 of_IO allegations_NN2 AI_NN1 produces_VVZ ._. 
</s>
<s>
About_II halfway_JJ through_II the_AT sample_NN1 ,_, the_AT two_MC coders_NN2 examined_VVD the_AT data_NN to_TO permit_VVI emergence_NN1 ,_, refinement_NN1 ,_, or_CC collapsing_JJ of_IO additional_JJ categories_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
In_II so_RR doing_VDG ,_, Drochon_NP1 (_( 2016_MC ,_, 37_MC )_) claims_VVZ that_CST Nietzsche_NP1 does_VDZ not_XX have_VHI a_AT1 fundamental_JJ political_JJ disagreement_NN1 with_IW Plato_NP1 but_CCB rather_RR disputes_NN2 only_RR what_DDQ sort_NN1 of_IO philosopher_NN1 ought_VMK to_TO be_VBI king_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
H1_FO :_: Members_NN2 of_IO parliament_NN1 with_IW a_AT1 local_JJ mandate_NN1 are_VBR less_RGR active_JJ than_CSN other_JJ MPs_NN2 without_IW a_AT1 local_JJ mandate_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
For_REX21 example_REX22 ,_, it_PPH1 has_VHZ become_VVN common_JJ to_TO blame_VVI Remainersor_NP1 '_NULL Remoaners_NP1 '_NULL as_CSA they_PPHS2 are_VBR frequently_RR now_RT referred_VVN tofor_NN1 seeking_VVG to_TO undermine_VVI and_CC sabotage_VVI the_AT referendum_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
We_PPIS2 have_VH0 divided_VVN our_APPGE sample_NN1 into_II four_MC equally_RR sized_VVN geographical_JJ subsamples_NN2 (_( northwest_ND1 ,_, northeast_ND1 ,_, southwest_ND1 ,_, southeast_ND1 )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
He_PPHS1 says_VVZ that_DD1 Confucianism_NN1 is_VBZ the_AT essential_JJ part_NN1 of_IO Chinese_JJ culture_NN1 that_CST "_" recorded_VVD the_AT Chinese_JJ nation_NN1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 spiritual_JJ activities_NN2 ,_, rational_JJ thinking_NN1 and_CC cultural_JJ achievements_NN2 in_II building_VVG their_APPGE homeland_NN1 ,_, reflected_VVD spiritual_JJ pursuits_NN2 of_IO the_AT Chinese_JJ nation_NN1 ,_, and_CC provided_VVD a_AT1 key_JJ source_NN1 of_IO nutrition_NN1 for_IF the_AT survival_NN1 and_CC continuous_JJ growth_NN1 of_IO our_APPGE nation_NN1 ._. "_" 
</s>
<s>
Thus_RR structured_VVN ,_, these_DD2 processes_NN2 have_VH0 been_VBN subject_II21 to_II22 swings_NN2 in_II the_AT amount_NN1 of_IO ground-rent_JJ available_JJ for_IF appropriation_NN1 through_II them_PPHO2 ._. 
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<s>
Thanks_II21 to_II22 the_AT Christian_JJ Weltanschauung_NN1 ,_, the_AT medieval_JJ mind_NN1 was_VBDZ trained_VVN to_TO simultaneously_RR accept_VVI conflicting_JJ notions_NN2 such_II21 as_II22 Christ_NP1 was_VBDZ fully_RR man_NN1 and_CC fully_RR God_NP1 ._. 
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<s>
Indeed_RR ,_, the_AT estimated_JJ coefficients_NN2 for_IF all_DB nondemocracies_NN2 (_( Table_NN1 1_MC1 ,_, model_NN1 2_MC )_) ,_, informational_JJ autocracies_NN2 ,_, overt_JJ dictatorships_NN2 (_( Table_NN1 A5_FO ,_, model_NN1 2_MC )_) ,_, and_CC democracies_NN2 (_( Table_NN1 A6_FO ,_, model_NN1 2_MC )_) were_VBDR all_DB around_RG 0.35_MC ._. 
</s>
<s>
Evidence_NN1 from_II multiple_JJ rounds_NN2 of_IO public_NN1 opinion_NN1 surveys_NN2 collected_VVN by_II many_DA2 institutions_NN2 has_VHZ shown_VVN that_CST ordinary_JJ Chinese_JJ citizens_NN2 strongly_RR support_VV0 both_RR reforms_NN2 and_CC the_AT government_NN1 ,_, and_CC claim_VV0 to_TO benefit_VVI personally_RR from_II China_NP1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 economic_JJ transformation_NN1 (_( J._NP1 Chen_NP1 ,_, 2004_MC ;_; J._NP1 Chen_NP1 &;_NULL Dickson_NP1 ,_, 2010_MC ;_; J._NP1 Chen_NP1 ,_, Zhong_NP1 ,_, &;_NULL Hillard_NP1 ,_, 1997_MC ;_; Dickson_NP1 ,_, 2016_MC ;_; Shi_NP1 ,_, 2001_MC ;_; Tang_NN1 &;_NULL Parish_NN1 ,_, 2000_MC ;_; Whyte_NP1 ,_, 2010_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Following_VVG the_AT British_JJ occupation_NN1 of_IO Egypt_NP1 in_II 1882_MC ,_, there_EX emerged_VVD a_AT1 group_NN1 of_IO Egyptian_JJ nationalists_NN2 who_PNQS saw_VVD industrialisation_NN1 as_CSA central_JJ to_II Egypt_NP1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 future_JJ welfare_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Research_NN1 on_II authoritarian_JJ rule_NN1 typically_RR treats_VVZ cooptation_NN1 and_CC repression_NN1 separately_RR because_CS they_PPHS2 are_VBR believed_VVN to_TO be_VBI directed_VVN at_II different_JJ audiences_NN2 (_( Wintrobe_NP1 2000_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT overwhelming_JJ majority_NN1 of_IO recent_JJ work_NN1 on_II reputation_NN1 uses_VVZ observational_JJ data_NN ,_, either_RR in_CS21 case_CS22 studies_NN2 that_CST examine_VV0 decision_NN1 makers_NN2 '_NULL deliberations_NN2 in_II crises_NN2 or_CC in_II large-N_JJ studies_NN2 that_CST look_VV0 for_IF the_AT effects_NN2 of_IO reputations_NN2 using_VVG Correlates_NN2 of_IO War_NN1 (_( COW_NN1 )_) /Militarized_JJ Interstate_NN1 Disputes_NN2 (_( MID_JJ )_) data_NN ._. 
</s>
<s>
He_PPHS1 was_VBDZ also_RR the_AT first_MD British_JJ prime_JJ minister_NN1 to_TO leave_VVI office_NN1 as_II a_AT1 result_NN1 of_IO calling_VVG and_CC then_RT losing_VVG a_AT1 referendum_NN1 (_( Smith_NP1 ,_, 2018_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
As_CSA Leunig_NP1 (_( 2004_MC ,_, 34_MC )_) puts_VVZ it_PPH1 ,_, a_AT1 Land_NN1 which_DDQ has_VHZ a_AT1 thriving_JJ wine_NN1 industry_NN1 probably_RR objects_VVZ to_II environmental_JJ regulations_NN2 that_CST would_VM restrict_VVI it_PPH1 ._. 
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<s>
Table_NN1 3_MC gives_VVZ an_AT1 overview_NN1 of_IO the_AT factors_NN2 detailed_VVN in_II the_AT case_NN1 studies_NN2 provided_VVN below_RL ._. 
</s>
<s>
I_PPIS1 differentiate_VV0 between_II legal_JJ ,_, moral_JJ ,_, and_CC technical_JJ authority_NN1 sources_NN2 (_( Schwindenhammer_NP1 2016_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
To_TO measure_VVI the_AT strength_NN1 of_IO pro-democracy_JJ norms_NN2 ,_, we_PPIS2 rely_VV0 on_II Tallberg_NP1 et_RA21 al_RA22 ._. 
</s>
<s>
(_( 2014_MC :_: 759_MC )_) data_NN on_II the_AT presence_NN1 of_IO global_JJ discourse_NN1 on_II participatory_JJ governance_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
In_II September_NPM1 1989_MC ,_, Bush_NP1 de_NP1 clined_VVD to_TO meet_VVI officially_RR with_IW democratic_JJ opposition_NN1 leader_NN1 Boris_NP1 Yeltsin_NP1 during_II his_APPGE visit_NN1 to_II the_AT United_NP1 States_NP1 ,_, opting_VVG instead_RR for_IF a_AT1 casual_JJ "_" drop_NN1 by_II ._. "_" 
</s>
<s>
Agents_NN2 simultaneously_RR update_VV0 opinions_NN2 round_RP by_II round_JJ until_CS a_AT1 stable_JJ constellation_NN1 of_IO opinions_NN2 is_VBZ reached_VVN ._. 
</s>
<s>
There_EX might_VM not_XX be_VBI a_AT1 treaty_NN1 effect_NN1 on_II legislation_NN1 but_CCB instead_RR a_AT1 legislation_NN1 effect_NN1 on_II treaties_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
On_II the_AT other_JJ hand_NN1 ,_, Estonia_NP1 is_VBZ clearly_RR the_AT winner_NN1 among_II post-communist_JJ countries_NN2 and_CC Slovenia_NP1 and_CC Poland_NP1 are_VBR not_XX doing_VDG that_DD1 bad_JJ either_RR ._. 
</s>
<s>
My_APPGE claim_NN1 is_VBZ simply_RR that_CST if_CS we_PPIS2 adopt_VV0 such_DA a_AT1 view_NN1 wholesale_NN1 ,_, what_DDQ we_PPIS2 have_VH0 is_VBZ no_RR21 longer_RR22 recognizable_JJ as_II a_AT1 theory_NN1 of_IO spontaneous_JJ order_NN1 ,_, but_CCB has_VHZ become_VVN something_PN1 else_RR ,_, closer_RRR to_II the_AT "_" constructivist_NN1 rationalism_NN1 "_" that_CST the_AT theory_NN1 has_VHZ always_RR opposed_VVN ._. 
</s>
<s>
Augustine_NP1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 explicit_JJ order_NN1 of_IO love_NN1 provides_VVZ a_AT1 model_NN1 for_IF reconstructing_VVG his_APPGE implicit_JJ order_NN1 of_IO hope_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
As_CSA neither_RR parties_NN2 '_NULL CEC_NN1 nor_CC parties_NN2 '_NULL voting_VVG behavior_NN1 and_CC candidates_NN2 '_NULL attitudes_NN2 unfold_VV0 in_II an_AT1 institutional_JJ vacuum_NN1 ,_, I_PPIS1 control_VV0 for_IF several_DA2 institutional_JJ confounders_NN2 in_II my_APPGE analyses_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
These_DD2 aim_VV0 to_TO articulate_VVI how_RRQ some_DD normative_JJ legitimacy_NN1 standards_NN2 may_VM be_VBI seen_VVN as_CSA intelligible_JJ ,_, attainable_JJ and_CC acceptable_JJ ,_, in_II virtue_NN1 of_IO some_DD understanding_NN1 of_IO what_DDQ real_JJ political_JJ agents_NN2 and_CC situations_NN2 are_VBR like_II within_II contemporary_JJ world_NN1 politics_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
To_TO test_VVI their_APPGE third_MD research_NN1 hypothesis_NN1 ,_, the_AT authors_NN2 analysed_VVD the_AT prevalence_NN1 of_IO all_DB fifteen_MC subject_NN1 matter_NN1 categories_NN2 identified_VVN in_II the_AT thematic_JJ analysis_NN1 (_( see_VV0 Appendix_NN1 2_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Upon_II receiving_VVG direction_NN1 and_CC setting_VVG out_RP to_TO meet_VVI the_AT messiah_NN1 ,_, Rabbi_NNB Joshua_NP1 asks_VVZ the_AT messiah_NN1 when_CS they_PPHS2 will_VM come_VVI ._. 
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<s>
The_AT campaign_NN1 materials_NN2 (_( party_NN1 programmes_NN2 ,_, leaflets_NN2 ,_, speeches_NN2 ,_, and_CC interviews_NN2 by_II party_NN1 leaders_NN2 and_CC activists_NN2 )_) were_VBDR compiled_VVN from_II the_AT PartArchive_NN1 Database_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Parapolitics_NN1 refers_VVZ to_II the_AT infiltration_NN1 of_IO paramilitary_JJ groups_NN2 into_II mainstream_JJ politics_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
These_DD2 originary_JJ forces_NN2 work_VV0 by_II revealing_JJ truth_NN1 and_CC propagating_VVG new_JJ values_NN2 ,_, standards_NN2 ,_, and_CC ideals_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Interestingly_RR ,_, it_PPH1 was_VBDZ Baremblitt_NP1 who_PNQS took_VVD responsibility_NN1 for_IF formulating_VVG a_AT1 reply_NN1 to_II the_AT critique_NN1 aimed_VVN at_II the_AT dissident_JJ psychoanalysts_NN2 and_CC Cuestionamos_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
While_CS repression_NN1 toward_II the_AT opposition_NN1 surely_RR increased_VVN after_II the_AT 2011-12_MCMC protests_NN2 ,_, it_PPH1 has_VHZ nonetheless_RR been_VBN a_AT1 constant_JJ impediment_NN1 for_IF political_JJ activism_NN1 ,_, and_CC for_IF civil_JJ society_NN1 in_II Russia_NP1 more_RRR broadly_RR ,_, especially_RR since_CS Putin_NP1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 second_NNT1 mandate_NN1 (_( Chebankova_NP1 2013_MC ;_; Greene_NP1 2014_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
It_PPH1 occurred_VVD because_CS the_AT means_NN now_RT existed_VVD to_TO mitigate_VVI the_AT threat_NN1 while_CS the_AT expanded_JJ nuclear_JJ arsenals_NN2 made_VVD a_AT1 long_JJ general_JJ war_NN1 (_( and_CC therefore_RR sustained_JJ wartime_NN1 jamming_NN1 )_) much_RR less_RGR likely_JJ ._. 
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<s>
Where_CS the_AT objective_NN1 of_IO the_AT IIA_NP1 includes_VVZ maintaining_VVG competitive_JJ equality_NN1 among_II foreign_JJ investors_NN2 of_IO varying_JJ nationalities_NN2 in_II the_AT face_NN1 of_IO international_JJ externalities_NN2 that_CST affect_VV0 their_APPGE relative_JJ position_NN1 ,_, uneven_JJ treatment_NN1 of_IO competing_JJ investors_NN2 in_II the_AT dispute_NN1 settlement_NN1 process_NN1 presents_VVZ a_AT1 potential_JJ problem_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Unlike_JJ Rejali_NN1 (_( 2007_MC )_) ,_, we_PPIS2 are_VBR not_XX interested_JJ in_II the_AT effect_NN1 of_IO democracy_NN1 relative_II21 to_II22 autocracy_NN1 on_II torture_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
As_II the_AT postwar_JJ order_NN1 expanded_VVD ,_, so_RG too_RR did_VDD its_APPGE governance_NN1 institutions_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Two_MC causal_JJ mechanisms_NN2 may_VM ,_, therefore_RR ,_, operate_VVI simultaneously_RR to_TO affect_VVI invalid_JJ voting_NN1 :_: the_AT indifference_NN1 model_NN1 of_IO invalid_JJ voting_NN1 as_II31 well_II32 as_II33 voters_NN2 '_NULL error_NN1 due_II21 to_II22 more_RGR complex_JJ ballot_NN1 designs_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
This_DD1 parallel_JJ electoral_JJ system_NN1 (_( PES_NN2 )_) gradually_RR became_VVD increasingly_RR influential_JJ in_II determining_JJ voting_NN1 outcomes_NN2 (_( Volintiru_NP1 2013_MC ,_, 2015_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
Customs_NN2 and_CC non-tariffs_NN2 trade_VV0 barrier_NN1 index_NN1 data_NN from_II the_AT World_NN1 Economic_JJ Forum_NN1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 Global_JJ Competitiveness_NN1 Report_NN1 ,_, data_NN from_II 2014_MC ._. 
</s>
<s>
However_RGQV flawed_JJ ,_, such_DA indicators_NN2 provided_VVD the_AT public_NN1 at_RR21 least_RR22 some_DD information_NN1 about_II the_AT military_JJ '_NULL s_ZZ1 activity_NN1 in_II Afghanistan_NP1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
However_RR ,_, none_PN of_IO this_DD1 literature_NN1 examines_VVZ whether_CSW name_NN1 changes_NN2 impact_VV0 the_AT political_JJ success_NN1 of_IO these_DD2 parties_NN2 ,_, nor_CC does_VDZ it_PPH1 examine_VVI whether_CSW ideological_JJ change_NN1 (_( such_II21 as_II22 the_AT move_NN1 away_II21 from_II22 '_NULL radicalism_NN1 '_NULL defined_VVN as_II the_AT willingness_NN1 to_TO use_VVI violence_NN1 to_TO achieve_VVI political_JJ objectives_NN2 )_) impacts_NN2 electoral_JJ performance_NN1 (_( whatever_DDQV the_AT reason_NN1 for_IF the_AT name_NN1 change_NN1 )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
What_DDQ he_PPHS1 does_VDZ is_VBZ controlled_VVN by_II his_APPGE being_VBG everyone_PN1 else_RR on_II that_DD1 team_NN1 ,_, at_RR21 least_RR22 in_CS41 so_CS42 far_CS43 as_CS44 those_DD2 attitudes_NN2 affect_VV0 his_APPGE own_DA particular_JJ response_NN1 '_NULL (_( Mead_NN1 1967_MC &lsqb;_( 1934_MC &rsqb;_) ,_, 154_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Tracing_VVG reforms_NN2 over_II time_NNT1 enables_VVZ us_PPIO2 to_TO control_VVI for_IF confounders_NN2 that_CST are_VBR difficult_JJ to_TO identify_VVI in_II a_AT1 cross-sectional_JJ analysis_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Zhu_NP1 Weiqun_NP1 ,_, the_AT former_DA executive_NN1 director_NN1 of_IO the_AT UFWD_NN1 and_CC one_MC1 of_IO the_AT most_RGT vocal_JJ advocates_NN2 for_IF national_JJ integration_NN1 ,_, frequently_RR quotes_VVZ Zhou_NP1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 speech_NN1 when_CS explaining_VVG the_AT significance_NN1 of_IO Xi_NN1 Jinping_VVG '_NULL s_ZZ1 new_JJ formulation_NN1 of_IO '_NULL ethnic_JJ contact_NN1 ,_, exchange_NN1 and_CC blending_VVG '_NULL ._. 
</s>
<s>
These_DD2 parties_NN2 have_VH0 a_AT1 clear_JJ civic_JJ agenda_NN1 -_- often_RR openly_RR opposing_VVG Serbian_JJ identification_NN1 and_CC nationalism_NN1 in_RR21 general_RR22 -_- while_CS supporting_JJ Montenegrin_NN1 inde-pendence_NN1 and_CC Western_JJ identification_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
In_II session_NNT1 ten_MC ,_, the_AT winning_JJ candidate_NN1 usually_RR appears_VVZ to_TO be_VBI just_RR barely_RR closer_RRR to_II the_AT median_JJ voter_NN1 than_CSN the_AT losing_JJ candidate_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
To_TO validate_VVI these_DD2 results_NN2 further_RRR ,_, we_PPIS2 replicate_VV0 the_AT results_NN2 of_IO columns_NN2 (_( 1_MC1 )_) and_CC (_( 2_MC )_) with_IW a_AT1 random-effects_NN2 model_VV0 in_II columns_NN2 (_( 3_MC )_) and_CC (_( 4_MC )_) and_CC find_VV0 substantively_RR similar_JJ results_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Based_VVN on_II the_AT theoretical_JJ assumptions_NN2 of_IO the_AT literature_NN1 on_II mediatization_NN1 of_IO politics_NN1 ,_, we_PPIS2 assume_VV0 that_CST (_( H1_FO )_) higher_JJR autonomy_NN1 of_IO media_NN from_II politics_NN1 and_CC (_( H2_FO )_) stronger_JJR commercialization_NN1 pressure_NN1 on_II the_AT media_NN lead_VV0 to_II more_RGR pronounced_JJ media_NN logic_NN1 in_II campaign_NN1 coverage_NN1 (_( Figure_NN1 1_MC1 )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Adorno_NN1 first_MD points_VVZ out_RP that_DD1 Kant_NN1 operates_VVZ with_IW two_MC different_JJ concepts_NN2 of_IO the_AT thing_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
In_II doing_VDG so_RR ,_, GVCs_NP1 have_VH0 affected_VVN significant_JJ changes_NN2 in_II the_AT political_JJ economy_NN1 of_IO trade_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT panel_NN1 design_NN1 importantly_RR avoids_VVZ time-invariant_JJ con-founders_NN2 that_CST are_VBR correlated_VVN with_IW the_AT likelihood_NN1 of_IO being_VBG a_AT1 union_NN1 member_NN1 and_CC racial_JJ attitudes_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
A_AT1 favourable_JJ external_JJ setting_NN1 does_VDZ not_XX automatically_RR lead_VVI to_II electoral_JJ success_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
In_RR21 addition_RR22 ,_, as_CSA a_AT1 seafaring_JJ nation_NN1 Norway_NP1 had_VHD a_AT1 clear_JJ need_NN1 to_TO contribute_VVI to_II antipiracy_NN1 operations_NN2 outside_II Somalia_NP1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 coast_NN1 and_CC preventive_JJ measures_NN2 on_II the_AT ground_NN1 in_II So_RR malia_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT real_JJ task_NN1 for_IF the_AT researcher_NN1 is_VBZ to_TO determine_VVI the_AT conditions_NN2 under_II which_DDQ party_NN1 officials_NN2 can_VM actually_RR influence_VVI individual_JJ legislators_NN2 to_TO support_VVI policies_NN2 that_CST they_PPHS2 would_VM not_XX choose_VVI to_TO support_VVI under_II unconstrained_JJ conditions_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
In_II a_AT1 '_NULL historic_JJ decision_NN1 '_NULL ,_, the_AT AU_FO member_NN1 states_NN2 agreed_VVN on_II this_DD1 proposal_NN1 in_II mid-2017_MC (_( AU_FO 2017a_FO )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
This_DD1 naturalization_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 particular_JJ conception_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 liberal_JJ market_NN1 economy_NN1 as_II an_AT1 organizational_JJ ideal_NN1 marginalizes_VVZ considerations_NN2 of_IO alternative_JJ policy_NN1 practices_NN2 and_CC goals_NN2 via_II a_AT1 narrow_JJ focus_NN1 on_II regulatory_JJ design_NN1 for_IF the_AT purpose_NN1 of_IO enabling_VVG business_NN1 freedom_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
In_II the_AT Eurozone_NN1 ,_, by_II contrast_NN1 ,_, '_NULL government_NN1 bonds_NN2 are_VBR equivalent_JJ ,_, in_II some_DD ways_NN2 ,_, to_II "_" sub-sovereign_JJ "_" issues_NN2 ,_, since_CS the_AT different_JJ fiscal_JJ authorities_NN2 and_CC the_AT central_JJ bank_NN1 can_VM not_XX be_VBI consolidated_VVN within_II a_AT1 single_JJ "_" federal_JJ "_" balance_NN1 sheet_NN1 '_NULL (_( Coeuré_NP1 ,_, 2016_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
They_PPHS2 note_VV0 also_RR that_CST this_DD1 analytical_JJ focus_NN1 has_VHZ much_RR in_II31 common_II32 with_II33 feminist_JJ studies_NN2 of_IO security_NN1 and_CC international_JJ relations_NN2 that_CST have_VH0 ,_, for_IF more_DAR than_CSN three_MC decades_NNT2 ,_, emphasized_VVD the_AT importance_NN1 of_IO non-elite_NN1 knowledge_NN1 and_CC categories_NN2 of_IO experience_NN1 ,_, and_CC attention_NN1 to_II the_AT everyday_JJ ,_, when_CS evaluating_VVG the_AT impact_NN1 of_IO broader_JJR global_JJ ,_, national_JJ or_CC local_JJ efforts_NN2 to_TO achieve_VVI security_NN1 and_CC order_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Given_CS21 that_CS22 the_AT political_JJ right_NN1 to_II self-determination_NN1 as_II31 well_II32 as_II33 the_AT sovereign_JJ right_NN1 of_IO colonized_JJ peoples_NN2 over_II their_APPGE natural_JJ resources_NN2 was_VBDZ recog_NN1 nized_VVD by_II various_JJ international_JJ treaties_NN2 ,_, Daes_NP2 contended_VVD that_CST the_AT same_DA rights_NN2 should_VM be_VBI extended_VVN to_II indigenous_JJ peoples_NN2 under_II those_DD2 agreements_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Unidentified_JJ objects_NN2 from_II online_JJ child_NN1 abuse_NN1 cases_NN2 were_VBDR sanitized_VVN by_II cutting_VVG them_PPHO2 out_II21 of_II22 their_APPGE contexts_NN2 and_CC they_PPHS2 were_VBDR published_VVN on_II a_AT1 website_NN1 for_IF further_JJR inspection_NN1 by_II an_AT1 anonymous_JJ online_JJ crowd_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
To_TO help_VVI explore_VVI the_AT implications_NN2 of_IO these_DD2 world_NN1 order_NN1 imaginaries_NN2 for_IF global_JJ governance_NN1 practice_NN1 ,_, we_PPIS2 now_RT consider_VV0 a_AT1 case_NN1 study_NN1 of_IO governance_NN1 practices_NN2 aimed_VVN at_II protecting_VVG human_JJ rights_NN2 affected_VVN by_II transnational_JJ business_NN1 activity_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Issue_VV0 salience_NN1 measures_VVZ the_AT importance_NN1 of_IO EU_NP1 legislation_NN1 in_II member_NN1 states_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
These_DD2 forces_NN2 include_VV0 institutions_NN2 with_IW financial_JJ clout_NN1 and_CC organizing_VVG prowess_NN1 such_II21 as_II22 the_AT Catholic_JJ Church_NN1 and_CC its_APPGE lay_JJ organizations_NN2 ,_, as_II31 well_II32 as_II33 business_NN1 and_CC professional_JJ groups_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
This_DD1 line_NN1 of_IO thought_NN1 emerged_VVD as_II an_AT1 influence_NN1 on_II the_AT mainstream_NN1 of_IO British_JJ political_JJ thought_NN1 with_IW the_AT abolition_NN1 of_IO the_AT British_JJ monarchy_NN1 in_II 1649_MC as_II31 well_II32 as_II33 in_II the_AT works_NN of_IO the_AT great_JJ English_JJ republican_JJ theorists_NN2 ,_, such_II21 as_II22 John_NP1 Milton_NP1 and_CC James_NP1 Harrington_NP1 (_( Skinner_NP1 2008_MC ,_, 211–16_MCMC ;_; 2012_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Others_NN2 ,_, however_RR ,_, observe_VV0 a_AT1 positive_JJ relationship_NN1 between_II political_JJ satire_NN1 exposure_NN1 and_CC political_JJ participation_NN1 (_( Lee_NP1 and_CC Kwak_NP1 ,_, 2014_MC ;_; Moy_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2005_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Many_DA2 populations_NN2 of_IO large_JJ tuna_NN species_NN have_VH0 been_VBN depleted_VVN to_II 10–25%_FO of_IO their_APPGE virgin_JJ spawning_NN1 biomass_NN1 (_( SSB0_FO )_) ,_, some_DD with_IW extreme_JJ depletion_NN1 (_( i.e._REX ,_, >95%_FO )_) such_II21 as_II22 observed_JJ in_II Pacific_NP1 bluefin_NN1 tuna_NN (_( Thunnus_NP1 orientalis_NN1 )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Both_DB2 the_AT public_NN1 and_CC corporate_JJ framing_NN1 of_IO corporate_JJ responsibility_NN1 leaned_VVD heavily_RR toward_II the_AT social_JJ and_CC environmental_JJ aspects_NN2 of_IO the_AT corporation_NN1 (_( e.g._REX Golob_NP1 and_CC Bartlett_NP1 2007_MC :_: 3_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
VD4_FO is_VBZ also_RR part_NN1 of_IO an_AT1 important_JJ regional_JJ dynamic_JJ ._. 
</s>
<s>
From_II of_IO old_JJ ,_, Russia_NP1 has_VHZ lived_VVN as_II a_AT1 mir_NN1 &lsqb;_( izdavna_NN1 zhila_NN1 mirom_NN1 &rsqb;_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Indeed_RR ,_, the_AT more_DAR Carter_NN1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 concept_NN1 of_IO Palestinian_JJ self-determination_NN1 is_VBZ exam_NN1 ined_VVD ,_, the_AT more_RGR limited_JJ it_PPH1 appears_VVZ ._. 
</s>
<s>
If_CS analysis_NN1 of_IO coconut_NN1 levies_NN2 was_VBDZ to_TO be_VBI useful_JJ for_IF exposing_VVG the_AT political_JJ origins_NN2 of_IO the_AT Philippines_NP2 '_NULL struggles_VVZ with_IW economic_JJ development_NN1 ,_, it_PPH1 should_VM purvey_VVI a_AT1 more_RGR nuanced_JJ understanding_NN1 of_IO conditions_NN2 that_CST led_VVD the_AT developmental_JJ failure_NN1 associated_VVN with_IW the_AT act_NN1 of_IO state_NN1 creating_VVG and_CC distributing_VVG rents_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT old_JJ power_NN1 structure_NN1 mediated_VVD by_II lineage_NN1 and_CC economic_JJ inequality_NN1 was_VBDZ destroyed_VVN by_II the_AT policy_NN1 of_IO giving_VVG land_NN1 to_II the_AT peasants_NN2 based_VVN on_II individual_JJ class_NN1 designations_NN2 and_CC their_APPGE political_JJ disposition_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Eurobarometer_NP1 surveys_NN2 asked_VVD respondents_NN2 whether_CSW anyone_PN1 asked_VVD them_PPHO2 ,_, or_CC expected_JJ of_IO them_PPHO2 ,_, to_TO pay_VVI a_AT1 bribe_NN1 for_IF his_APPGE or_CC her_APPGE service_NN1 over_II the_AT last_MD 12_MC months_NNT2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
It_PPH1 was_VBDZ supported_VVN by_II the_AT National_JJ Social_JJ Science_NN1 Fund_NN1 of_IO China_NP1 (_( project_NN1 number_NN1 :_: 17BZZ033_FO )_) and_CC the_AT Fundamental_JJ Research_NN1 Funds_NN2 for_IF the_AT Central_JJ Universities_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
So_RR the_AT two_MC terms_NN2 were_VBDR used_VVN to_TO describe_VVI the_AT same_DA environment_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
On_II the_AT one_MC1 hand_NN1 ,_, Savchenko_NP1 created_VVD regional_JJ employer_NN1 councils_NN2 to_TO aggregate_VVI business_NN1 forecasts_NN2 for_IF labour_NN1 and_CC generate_VVI region-wide_JJ orders_NN2 for_IF schools_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Hypothesis_NN1 3_MC :_: Municipalities_NN2 in_II districts_NN2 comprised_VVN of_IO asymmetrically_RR sized_VVN municipalities_NN2 receive_VV0 more_DAR money_NN1 for_IF similar_JJ levels_NN2 of_IO electoral_JJ support_NN1 relative_II21 to_II22 municipalities_NN2 in_II districts_NN2 comprised_VVN of_IO more_RGR evenly_RR sized_VVN municipalities_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
What_DDQ ,_, then_RT ,_, is_VBZ the_AT nature_NN1 of_IO law_NN1 as_CSA presented_VVN in_II the_AT Oresteia_NP1 ?_? 
</s>
<s>
However_RR ,_, it_PPH1 tends_VVZ to_TO elevate_VVI the_AT charismatic_JJ leader_NN1 above_II the_AT people_NN as_II31 well_II32 as_II33 the_AT political_JJ institutions_NN2 used_VVN by_II populism_NN1 ,_, despite_II seemingly_RR distancing_VVG itself_PPX1 from_II them_PPHO2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
These_DD2 effects_NN2 push_VV0 markets_NN2 toward_II winner-take-all_DB equilibria_NN2 in_II which_DDQ only_RR one_MC1 or_CC a_AT1 few_DA2 businesses_NN2 have_VH0 the_AT lion_NN1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 share_NN1 of_IO relationships_NN2 with_IW end_NN1 users_NN2 and_CC ,_, hence_RR ,_, profits_NN2 and_CC power_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Starting_VVG with_IW holding_VVG constant_JJ religious_JJ development_NN1 at_II levels_NN2 of_IO generality_NN1 of_IO humans_NN2 as_CSA animals_NN2 ,_, humans_NN2 as_CSA humans_NN2 and_CC society_NN1 in_RR21 general_RR22 ,_, we_PPIS2 compare_VV0 religious_JJ practices_NN2 observed_VVN across_II historical_JJ changes_NN2 within_RL and_CC between_II modes_NN2 of_IO production_NN1 (_( Table_NN1 11_MC )_) and_CC variations_NN2 in_II their_APPGE constants_NN2 are_VBR used_VVN to_TO differentiate_VVI religious_JJ categories_NN2 (_( Table_NN1 12_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Accordingly_RR ,_, voters_NN2 do_VD0 not_XX respond_VVI to_II the_AT absolute_JJ level_NN1 of_IO economic_JJ growth_NN1 in_II period_NN1 t_ZZ1 but_CCB to_II its_APPGE deviation_NN1 from_II #_FO ._. 
</s>
<s>
Notably_RR ,_, this_DD1 argument_NN1 may_VM also_RR account_VVI for_IF the_AT documented_JJ asymmetry_NN1 in_II partisan_JJ polarization_NN1 ,_, where_CS the_AT Republican_NN1 Party_NN1 has_VHZ repositioned_VVN itself_PPX1 much_RR further_RRR to_II the_AT right_NN1 than_CSN the_AT Democratic_JJ Party_NN1 has_VHZ moved_VVN to_II the_AT left_JJ (_( Hacker_NP1 &;_NULL Pierson_NP1 2006_MC ,_, 2010_MC ;_; Mann_NP1 &;_NULL Ornstein_NP1 2016_MC ;_; McCarty_NP1 et_RA21 al_RA22 ._. 
</s>
<s>
2016_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Trust_VV0 in_II the_AT trading_NN1 partner_NN1 (_( from_II the_AT perspective_NN1 of_IO both_RR importer_NN1 and_CC exporter_NN1 )_) ,_, the_AT reputation_NN1 of_IO the_AT exporter_NN1 (_( with_II31 regard_II32 to_II33 quality_NN1 and_CC reliability_NN1 )_) ,_, the_AT reputation_NN1 of_IO the_AT importer_NN1 (_( solvency_NN1 and_CC security_NN1 externalities_NN2 )_) ,_, and_CC interoperability_NN1 of_IO new_JJ and_CC old_JJ stocks_NN2 render_VV0 changing_JJ trade_NN1 partners_NN2 costly_JJ ._. 
</s>
<s>
This_DD1 concern_NN1 is_VBZ best_RRT illustrated_VVN with_IW a_AT1 comparison_NN1 to_II models_NN2 of_IO legislative_JJ politics_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
During_II a_AT1 1967_MC interview_NN1 on_II Meet_VV0 the_AT Press_NN1 ,_, he_PPHS1 confirmed_VVD that_CST the_AT size_NN1 of_IO the_AT war_NN1 explains_VVZ why_RRQ he_PPHS1 tried_VVD to_TO check_VVI Johnson_NP1 (_( Brown_NP1 1985_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Eisenhower_NP1 was_VBDZ "_" little_RR short_JJ of_IO aghast_JJ at_II the_AT manner_NN1 in_II which_DDQ scientific_JJ developments_NN2 of_IO vi_MC tal_JJ importance_NN1 to_II the_AT national_JJ security_NN1 "_" had_VHD been_VBN publicized_VVN ._. 
</s>
<s>
This_DD1 entity_NN1 called_VVN the_AT peopleBipin_NN1 Chandra_NP1 Pal_NN1 argued_VVN in_II 1887was_FO a_AT1 new_JJ political_JJ concept_NN1 for_IF India_NP1 :_: "_" The_AT glorious_JJ annals_NN2 of_IO the_AT Hindoo_NN1 and_CC Mahomedan_NP1 periods_NN2 of_IO Indian_JJ history_NN1 have_VH0 recorded_VVN the_AT achievements_NN2 of_IO priests_NN2 and_CC princes_NN2 ,_, of_IO skillful_JJ generals_NN2 and_CC wise_JJ statesmen_NN2 ..._... 
</s>
<s>
First_MD ,_, cross-national_JJ differences_NN2 in_II attitudes_NN2 across_II CEE_NP1 are_VBR not_XX large_JJ ._. 
</s>
<s>
For_REX21 example_REX22 ,_, a_AT1 publicly_RR trusted_JJ organisation_NN1 may_VM be_VBI commissioned_VVN to_TO help_VVI elicit_VVI public_JJ input_NN1 ,_, as_CSA was_VBDZ the_AT case_NN1 in_II the_AT NSW_NP1 Parliament_NN1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 Inquiry_NN1 into_II Elder_JJR Abuse_NN1 in_II New_NP1 South_NP1 Wales_NP1 when_CS it_PPH1 partnered_VVD with_IW the_AT NSW_NP1 Law_NN1 Society_NN1 (_( NSW_NP1 Parliament_NN1 ,_, 2016b_FO )_) to_TO host_VVI a_AT1 consultation_NN1 meeting_VVG with_IW 30_MC Aboriginal_JJ Elders_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
As_II the_AT deputy_NN1 prime_JJ minister_NN1 of_IO the_AT Netherlands_NP1 explained_VVD ,_, "_" for_IF military_JJ operations_NN2 in_II Syria_NP1 ,_, there_EX is_VBZ currently_RR no_AT international_JJ agreement_NN1 on_II an_AT1 internationally_RR legal_JJ mandate_NN1 ._. "_" 
</s>
<s>
What_DDQ we_PPIS2 should_VM accept_VVI ,_, however_RR ,_, is_VBZ that_CST ,_, contrary_II21 to_II22 the_AT statist_NN1 view_NN1 ,_, Garvey_NP1 offered_VVD nonessentialist_NN1 and_CC secular_JJ reasons_NN2 why_RRQ he_PPHS1 thought_VVD there_EX were_VBDR no_AT plausible_JJ sub-statist_JJ solutions_NN2 to_II white_JJ supremacy_NN1 ,_, a_AT1 conclusion_NN1 that_CST made_VVD it_PPH1 necessary_JJ for_IF a_AT1 sovereign_JJ state_NN1 to_TO secure_VVI and_CC improve_VVI the_AT lives_NN2 of_IO the_AT diaspora_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Thus_RR hypothesis_NN1 1_MC1 ,_, that_DD1 economic_JJ voting_NN1 is_VBZ driven_VVN by_II the_AT incumbents_NN2 '_NULL relative_JJ performance_NN1 ,_, finds_VVZ empirical_JJ support_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
In_II contrast_NN1 ,_, the_AT legislatures_NN2 of_IO many_DA2 other_JJ countries_NN2 were_VBDR designed_VVN by_II colonial_JJ officials_NN2 anxious_JJ to_TO limit_VVI the_AT power_NN1 of_IO the_AT first_MD generation_NN1 of_IO elected_JJ representatives_NN2 or_CC by_II post-independence_JJ rulers_NN2 eager_JJ to_TO maintain_VVI their_APPGE parties_NN2 '_NULL grip_VV0 on_II power_NN1 and_CC their_APPGE own_DA control_NN1 over_II their_APPGE parties_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
In_RR21 addition_RR22 ,_, to_TO observe_VVI a_AT1 contemporary_JJ phenomenon_NN1 while_CS it_PPH1 occurs_VVZ may_VM equip_VVI us_PPIO2 with_IW a_AT1 certain_JJ kind_NN1 of_IO sensibility_NN1 ,_, an_AT1 intuition_NN1 that_CST we_PPIS2 may_VM not_XX be_VBI able_JK to_TO benefit_VVI from_II when_CS looking_VVG back_RP into_II distant_JJ archives_NN2 of_IO a_AT1 time_NNT1 that_CST we_PPIS2 have_VH0 long_RR since_RR become_VV0 detached_VVN from_II ._. 
</s>
<s>
In_II fact_NN1 ,_, Russia_NP1 did_VDD impose_VVI sanctions_NN2 on_II the_AT EU_NP1 in_II 2014_MC ,_, effectively_RR block_VV0 ing_VVG the_AT import_NN1 of_IO food_NN1 and_CC agricultural_JJ supplies_NN2 from_II the_AT EU_NP1 and_CC other_JJ west_ND1 ern_NN1 countries_NN2 (_( BBC_NP1 2014_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
In_II doing_VDG so_RR ,_, Weber_NP1 explicitly_RR endorsed_VVD Leon_NP1 Trotsky_NP1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 assertion_NN1 during_II the_AT Brest-Litovsk_NP1 Treaty_NN1 negotiations_NN2 that_CST '_NULL every_AT1 state_NN1 is_VBZ founded_VVN on_II force_NN1 '_NULL (_( Weber_NP1 2013_MC ,_, p._NN1 78_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Like_II most_DAT American_JJ leaders_NN2 early_RR in_II the_AT twentieth_MD century_NNT1 ,_, Wilson_NP1 also_RR considered_VVD himself_PPX1 an_AT1 idealist_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Given_VVN disagreements_NN2 in_II the_AT literature_NN1 ,_, we_PPIS2 will_VM consider_VVI both_DB2 measures_NN2 of_IO ideological_JJ sorting_NN1 (_( Levendusky_NP1 ,_, 2009_MC )_) ,_, and_CC affective_JJ polarization_NN1 (_( Iyengar_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2012_MC )_) as_CSA indicators_NN2 of_IO polarization_NN1 in_II the_AT general_JJ public_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT Populists_NN2 became_VVD a_AT1 considerable_JJ electoral_JJ force_NN1 ,_, effectively_RR contesting_VVG the_AT Democratic_JJ Party_NN1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 electoral_JJ dominance_NN1 in_II every_AT1 Southern_JJ state_NN1 from_II 1892_MC to_II 1896_MC ._. 
</s>
<s>
While_CS newspapers_NN2 should_VM more_RGR often_RR use_VVI the_AT language_NN1 of_IO academic_JJ circles_NN2 ,_, it_PPH1 is_VBZ academia_NN1 that_CST borrows_VVZ the_AT language_NN1 of_IO newspapers_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
But_CCB if_CS an_AT1 envisioned_JJ political_JJ future_NN1 is_VBZ the_AT primary_JJ stake_NN1 (_( as_CSA in_II techno-diplomacy_NN1 )_) ,_, then_RT irreversible_JJ physical_JJ changes_NN2 on_II the_AT ground_NN1 constitute_VV0 much_RR more_RGR binding_JJ commitments_NN2 than_CSN do_VD0 politically_RR reversible_JJ written_JJ agreements_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
EU_NP1 politicians_NN2 sold_VVD it_PPH1 as_CSA such_DA to_II the_AT wider_JJR audience_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Within-country_JJ analysis_NN1 from_II Schon_NP1 (_( 2015_MC )_) argues_VVZ that_DD1 migration_NN1 levels_NN2 fluctuate_VV0 ,_, with_IW migration_NN1 increasing_VVG when_RRQ civilians_NN2 observe_VV0 or_CC expect_VV0 changes_NN2 in_II the_AT nature_NN1 of_IO the_AT conflict_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
What_DDQ sort_NN1 of_IO recognition_NN1 have_VH0 cities_NN2 gathered_VVN in_II official_JJ UN_NP1 '_NULL speak_VV0 '_NULL and_CC what_DDQ does_VDZ this_DD1 mean_VVI practically_RR ?_? 
</s>
<s>
While_CS cultural_JJ historians_NN2 have_VH0 done_VDN excellent_JJ work_NN1 in_II recent_JJ years_NNT2 to_TO demonstrate_VVI the_AT effects_NN2 of_IO the_AT nuclear_JJ age_NN1 on_II domestic_JJ life_NN1 in_II the_AT United_NP1 States_NP1 ,_, the_AT impact_NN1 of_IO domestic_JJ life_NN1 on_II the_AT formation_NN1 of_IO nuclear_JJ policy_NN1 should_VM not_XX be_VBI forgotten_VVN ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT same_DA anecdote_NN1 is_VBZ reproduced_VVN in_II Nye_NP1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 undergraduate_NN1 lectures_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
It_PPH1 is_VBZ noteworthy_JJ that_CST 2.4%_FO of_IO the_AT respondents_NN2 were_VBDR above-county-level_JJ officials_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Hooghe_VV0 and_CC Marks_NP1 argue_VV0 that_CST whether_CSW individuals_NN2 see_VV0 themselves_PPX2 as_CSA belonging_VVG exclusively_RR to_II a_AT1 national_JJ community_NN1 or_CC (_( also_RR )_) as_CSA Europeans_NN2 is_VBZ at_II the_AT heart_NN1 of_IO this_DD1 divide_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Weighing_VVG in_RP with_IW support_NN1 for_IF Kennedy_NP1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 initiative_NN1 ,_, Assistant_JJ Labor_NN1 Secretary_NN1 George_NP1 Weaver_NP1 revealed_VVD another_DD1 benefit_NN1 of_IO working_VVG with_IW nonstate_NN1 actors_NN2 :_: "_" it_PPH1 gives_VVZ the_AT Government_NN1 an_AT1 instrument_NN1 for_IF action_NN1 which_DDQ minimizes_VVZ the_AT '_NULL intervention_NN1 '_NULL aspect_NN1 ._. "_" 
</s>
<s>
By_II triggering_VVG special_JJ tax_NN1 treatment_NN1 in_II cases_NN2 of_IO tax_NN1 gaps_NN2 ,_, the_AT hybrid_JJ rules_NN2 enable_VV0 states_NN2 to_TO soak_VVI up_RP tax_NN1 entitlement_NN1 not_XX exercised_VVN by_II another_DD1 state_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
We_PPIS2 thus_RR need_VV0 to_TO analyze_VVI social_JJ control_NN1 as_II an_AT1 important_JJ dimension_NN1 of_IO criminal_JJ victimization_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
We_PPIS2 argue_VV0 that_CST it_PPH1 is_VBZ not_XX only_RR important_JJ to_TO examine_VVI whether_CSW a_AT1 legislator_NN1 accumulates_VVZ multiple_JJ offices_NN2 ,_, but_CCB also_RR to_TO compare_VVI and_CC contrast_VVI the_AT different_JJ variants_NN2 of_IO a_AT1 dual_JJ office_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
For_REX21 example_REX22 ,_, an_AT1 inflow_NN1 of_IO migrants_NN2 can_VM lead_VVI to_II less_RGR economic_JJ violence_NN1 at_RR21 first_RR22 ,_, possibly_RR ,_, due_II21 to_II22 the_AT decreasing_JJ numbers_NN2 of_IO "_" troublemakers_NN2 "_" in_II regions_NN2 with_IW net_JJ outflow_NN1 of_IO migrants_NN2 and_CC the_AT benefits_NN2 that_CST cheaper_JJR workforce_NN1 brings_VVZ to_II the_AT local_JJ economy_NN1 in_II regions_NN2 with_IW net_JJ inflow_NN1 of_IO people_NN ._. 
</s>
<s>
Moreover_RR ,_, the_AT investment_NN1 must_VM meet_VVI at_RR21 least_RR22 one_MC1 of_IO the_AT following_JJ three_MC principles_NN2 :_: (_( 1_MC1 )_) pro_JJ mote_NN1 trade_NN1 and_CC connectivity_NN1 with_IW Asia_NP1 ,_, including_II ports_NN2 ,_, trans_NN2 port_NN1 links_NN2 ,_, power_NN1 generation_NN1 and_CC transmission_NN1 ,_, and_CC gas_NN1 pipelines_NN2 ;_; (_( 2_MC )_) contribute_VV0 to_II global_JJ public_JJ goods_NN2 ,_, in_RR21 particular_RR22 investments_NN2 in_II renewable_JJ energy_NN1 sources_NN2 :_: and_CC (_( 3_MC )_) investment_NN1 in_II a_AT1 country_NN1 which_DDQ the_AT BoD_NP1 considers_VVZ '_NULL geographically_RR proxi_NN2 mate_VV0 to_II and_CC closely_RR economically_RR integrated_VVN with_IW Asia_NP1 (_( the_AT BoD_NP1 sees_VVZ Egypt_NP1 ,_, as_CSA a_AT1 non-regional_JJ Member_NN1 having_VHG territory_NN1 in_II the_AT Asian_JJ continent_NN1 ,_, and_CC meeting_VVG this_DD1 principle_NN1 )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Joseph_NP1 Raz_NP1 specified_VVD similar_JJ principles_NN2 and_CC divided_VVD them_PPHO2 into_II two_MC groups_NN2 ,_, the_AT first_MD focused_VVN on_II formal_JJ standards_NN2 that_CST provide_VV0 certainty_NN1 and_CC predictability_NN1 to_TO guide_VVI action_NN1 ,_, and_CC the_AT second_MD focused_VVN on_II legal_JJ machinery_NN1 to_TO make_VVI the_AT first_MD effective_JJ ._. 
</s>
<s>
It_PPH1 is_VBZ not_XX possible_JJ for_IF new_JJ owner-operator_JJ entrants_NN2 ,_, or_CC existing_JJ entrants_NN2 with_IW minimal_JJ quota_NN1 ownership_NN1 ,_, to_TO earn_VVI sufficient_JJ income_NN1 from_II the_AT halibut_NN fishery_NN1 to_TO purchase_VVI quota_NN1 and_CC improve_VVI their_APPGE ownership_NN1 position_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
A_AT1 large_JJ number_NN1 of_IO states_NN2 that_CST have_VH0 recognized_VVN Kosovo_NP1 have_VH0 justified_VVN their_APPGE decision_NN1 by_II the_AT expectation_NN1 that_CST Kosovo_NP1 independence_NN1 would_VM bring_VVI regional_JJ stability_NN1 ,_, would_VM contribute_VVI to_II international_JJ peace_NN1 and_CC security_NN1 ,_, and_CC would_VM also_RR normalize_VVI interstate_JJ relations_NN2 in_II the_AT Balkans_NP1 (_( Bolton_NP1 and_CC Visoka_NP1 2010_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
For_IF the_AT Conservative_JJ Party_NN1 ,_, I_PPIS1 do_VD0 not_XX rely_VVI on_II official_JJ party_NN1 factions_NN2 ,_, as_CSA these_DD2 are_VBR usually_RR too_RG loosely_RR organized_VVN ._. 
</s>
<s>
Having_VHG as_RG inspiration_NN1 import_NN1 substitution_NN1 industrialization_NN1 (_( ISI_NP1 )_) theories_NN2 ,_, Latin-American_JJ intellectuals_NN2 designed_VVD a_AT1 doctrine_NN1 of_IO autonomy_NN1 for_IF foreign_JJ policies_NN2 to_TO protect_VVI and_CC expand_VVI ISI_NP1 models_NN2 worldwide_RL ._. 
</s>
<s>
They_PPHS2 also_RR expected_VVD that_CST the_AT Soviet_JJ Union_NN1 would_VM retain_VVI its_APPGE status_NN1 as_CSA one_MC1 of_IO the_AT most_RGT influential_JJ international_JJ players-n_NN2 par_NN1 with_IW the_AT United_NP1 States_NP1 and_CC Europe_NP1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
In_II other_JJ words_NN2 ,_, China_NP1 is_VBZ playing_VVG by_II the_AT established_JJ capitalist_JJ rules_NN2 and_CC embracing_VVG internal_JJ change_NN1 ,_, which_DDQ should_VM be_VBI considered_VVN a_AT1 victory_NN1 for_IF the_AT global_JJ community_NN1 as_II a_AT1 whole_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
We_PPIS2 first_MD did_VDD so_RR by_II estimating_VVG models_NN2 that_CST include_VV0 a_AT1 lagged_JJ dependent_JJ variable_NN1 (_( Nadeau_NP1 et_RA21 al_RA22 ._. 
</s>
<s>
2012_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
I_PPIS1 will_VM offer_VVI some_DD comments_NN2 at_II the_AT end_NN1 of_IO this_DD1 paper_NN1 on_II what_DDQ kinds_NN2 of_IO intellectual_JJ space_NN1 investigating_VVG historical_JJ traditions_NN2 of_IO commentary_NN1 might_VM open_VVI up_RP for_IF political_JJ theorists_NN2 today_RT ._. 
</s>
<s>
Furthermore_RR ,_, it_PPH1 offers_VVZ a_AT1 strengthened_JJ ontological_JJ position_NN1 by_II allowing_VVG a_AT1 focus_NN1 on_II multiple_JJ strata_NN2 of_IO events_NN2 and_CC mechanisms_NN2 ,_, and_CC extends_VVZ and_CC integrates_VVZ the_AT causal_JJ power_NN1 of_IO agency_NN1 in_II understanding_VVG the_AT mechanisms_NN2 of_IO inequality_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
A_AT1 significant_JJ number_NN1 ,_, five_MC ,_, were_VBDR imprisoned_VVN for_IF activity_NN1 in_II Umkhonto_NP1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Community_NN1 and_CC family_NN1 ties_VVZ also_RR contributed_VVN to_II role_NN1 strain_NN1 in_II Abu_NP1 Khalid_NP1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 position_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT MCMC_NP1 algorithm_NN1 we_PPIS2 use_VV0 is_VBZ called_VVN via_II the_AT Stan_NP1 modeling_NN1 language_NN1 and_CC implemented_VVN in_II C++_FO ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT finding_NN1 is_VBZ significant_JJ because_CS it_PPH1 is_VBZ further_JJR evidence_NN1 that_CST in_II Ukraine_NP1 one_MC1 of_IO the_AT main_JJ obstacles_NN2 to_II women_NN2 '_NULL s_ZZ1 representation_NN1 is_VBZ the_AT behavior_NN1 of_IO political_JJ parties_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Money_NN1 comes_VVZ to_TO replace_VVI or_CC act_VVI as_II a_AT1 schema_NN1 in_II Chapters_NN2 3_MC and_CC 4_MC ._. 
</s>
<s>
In_II the_AT CIS_NN2 space_NN1 ,_, in_II its_APPGE bilateral_JJ and_CC multilateral_JJ relations_NN2 ,_, Russia_NP1 seeks_VVZ to_TO strengthen_VVI elements_NN2 of_IO objective_JJ commonality_NN1 and_CC interdependence-economic_JJ ,_, cultural-civilizational_JJ and_CC other_JJ ._. 
</s>
<s>
..._... The_AT moment_NN1 of_IO actualization_NN1 is_VBZ seen_VVN in_II the_AT whole_JJ city_NN1 of_IO Paris_NP1 '_NULL Working_VVG ,_, thinking_VVG ,_, fighting_VVG ,_, bleeding_VVG ..._... almost_RR forgetful_JJ ,_, in_II its_APPGE incubation_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 new_JJ society_NN1 ,_, of_IO the_AT cannibals_NN2 at_II its_APPGE gatesradiant_NN1 in_II the_AT enthusiasm_NN1 of_IO its_APPGE historic_JJ initiative_NN1 !_! ,_, (_( 1934_MC :_: 100_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
How_RRQ does_VDZ this_DD1 case_NN1 study_VVI perform_VV0 with_II31 respect_II32 to_II33 the_AT three_MC alternative_JJ ex_II planations_NN2 ,_, namely_REX ,_, shared_VVD national_JJ interests_NN2 ,_, similar_JJ political_JJ systems_NN2 (_( electoral_JJ democracies_NN2 )_) ,_, and_CC matching_JJ cultural_JJ values_NN2 ?_? 
</s>
<s>
In_II this_DD1 sense_NN1 ,_, Landauer_NP1 prefigured_VVD Derrida_NP1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 notion_NN1 of_IO temporality_NN1 ,_, where_CS the_AT latter_DA wrote_VVD in_II a_AT1 similar_JJ vein_NN1 to_II Landauer_NP1 that_DD1 '_NULL without_IW itinerary_NN1 or_CC point_NN1 of_IO arrival_NN1 ..._... 
</s>
<s>
For_IF Condon_NP1 ,_, these_DD2 years_NNT2 were_VBDR a_AT1 Golden_JJ Age_NN1 in_II which_DDQ scientists_NN2 made_VVD significant_JJ progress_NN1 and_CC shared_VVD the_AT belief_NN1 that_CST science_NN1 was_VBDZ truly_RR and_CC inherently_RR an_AT1 international_JJ ,_, even_RR universal_JJ ,_, endeavor_VV0 ._. 
</s>
<s>
According_II21 to_II22 him_PPHO1 ,_, after_CS transition_NN1 to_II democracy_NN1 ,_, income_NN1 inequality_NN1 should_VM boost_VVI and_CC catch_VVI up_RP with_IW the_AT rest_NN1 of_IO Europe_NP1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT history_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 science_NN1 and_CC the_AT history_NN1 of_IO the_AT subject_NN1 matter_NN1 itself_PPX1 together_RL provide_VV0 the_AT theoretician_NN1 with_IW the_AT material_NN1 to_TO identify_VVI the_AT abstract_JJ concept_NN1 which_DDQ can_VM be_VBI a_AT1 starting_NN1 point_NN1 for_IF an_AT1 analysis_NN1 of_IO the_AT phenomenon_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT US_NP1 assumed_VVD that_CST some_DD leaks_NN2 would_VM take_VVI place_NN1 ,_, as_CSA "_" news_NN1 about_II Israeli_JJ progress_NN1 could_VM continue_VVI to_TO seep_VVI out_RP ..._... until_CS it_PPH1 is_VBZ generally_RR taken_VVN for_IF granted_VVN that_CST Israel_NP1 has_VHZ this_DD1 capability_NN1 "_" but_CCB the_AT US_NP1 administration_NN1 hoped_VVD that_CST "_" other_JJ nations_NN2 might_VM be_VBI kept_VVN in_II line_NN1 ,_, "_" and_CC nuclear_JJ weapons_NN2 acquisition_NN1 might_VM be_VBI delayed_VVN "_" at_RR21 least_RR22 five_MC to_II ten_MC years_NNT2 ._. "_" 
</s>
<s>
The_AT article_NN1 will_VM now_RT examine_VVI in_II turn_NN1 each_DD1 of_IO these_DD2 visual_JJ narratives_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Institutions_NN2 are_VBR part_NN1 of_IO the_AT latter_DA group_NN1 as_CSA they_PPHS2 affect_VV0 primarily_RR the_AT supply-side_NN1 of_IO the_AT economy_NN1 and_CC the_AT level_NN1 of_IO potential_JJ output_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Second_MD ,_, trend_NN1 is_VBZ used_VVN to_TO capture_VVI changes_NN2 in_II disloyalty_NN1 over_II time_NNT1 ,_, and_CC is_VBZ coded_VVN 0_MC for_IF votes_NN2 cast_VVN in_II 1999_MC ,_, 1_MC1 for_IF votes_NN2 in_II 2000_MC ,_, 2_MC for_IF votes_NN2 in_II 2001_MC and_RR31 so_RR32 on_RR33 ._. 
</s>
<s>
This_DD1 article_NN1 demonstrates_VVZ that_CST SMOs_NN2 inform_VV0 parties_NN2 '_NULL core_NN1 electorate_NN1 about_II niche_NN1 party_NN1 positions_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
As_CSA noted_VVN above_RL ,_, the_AT idea_NN1 that_CST we_PPIS2 should_VM wait_VVI for_IF the_AT emergence_NN1 of_IO new_JJ sacred_JJ things_NN2 with_IW '_NULL collective_JJ effervescence_NN1 '_NULL as_II an_AT1 alternative_NN1 to_II Marx_NP1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 project_NN1 is_VBZ left_JJ implicit_JJ in_II the_AT paper_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
As_II a_AT1 popular_JJ microblogging_JJ service_NN1 that_CST has_VHZ monopolized_VVN the_AT Chinese_JJ market_NN1 ,_, Sina_NP1 Weibo_NP1 is_VBZ a_AT1 representative_JJ platform_NN1 for_IF examining_VVG online_RR public_JJ discussions_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
This_DD1 would_VM be_VBI an_AT1 infringement_NN1 of_IO the_AT Dutch_JJ act_NN1 that_CST implements_VVZ the_AT Birds_NP1 Directive_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Second_MD ,_, the_AT application_NN1 of_IO these_DD2 key_JJ considerations_NN2 in_II two_MC PICTs_NN2 examples_NN2 ,_, one_MC1 from_II Fiji_NP1 and_CC another_DD1 form_NN1 Papua_NP1 New_NP1 Guinea_NP1 ,_, are_VBR explored_VVN ._. 
</s>
<s>
Turning_VVG to_II political_JJ institutions_NN2 ,_, this_DD1 article_NN1 emphasizes_VVZ that_CST institutional_JJ changes_NN2 in_RR21 general_RR22 affect_VV0 not_XX just_RR voter_NN1 behavior_NN1 as_II the_AT extensive_JJ literature_NN1 on_II electoral_JJ rules_NN2 ,_, compulsory_JJ voting_NN1 ,_, and_CC presidential_JJ systems_NN2 highlights_VVZ ._. 
</s>
<s>
Figure_VV0 1_MC1 shows_VVZ the_AT expected_JJ U-shaped_JJ relationship_NN1 ,_, albeit_CS only_RR tentatively_RR ._. 
</s>
<s>
It_PPH1 falls_VVZ on_II the_AT international_JJ communityand_NN1 particularly_RR rich_JJ Western_JJ statesto_NN1 assist_VV0 coastal_JJ states_NN2 and_CC provide_VV0 new_JJ SAR_NP1 mechanisms_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
My_APPGE expectation_NN1 is_VBZ that_DD1 class_NN1 should_VM be_VBI more_RGR predictive_JJ of_IO social_JJ policy_NN1 attitudes_NN2 for_IF types_NN2 of_IO expenditures_NN2 and_CC taxes_NN2 that_CST aid_VV0 the_AT poor_JJ ,_, such_II21 as_II22 cash_NN1 transfers_NN2 ,_, subsidized_VVD health_NN1 insurance_NN1 ,_, and_CC income_NN1 taxes_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
China_NP1 has_VHZ been_VBN committed_VVN to_II creating_VVG an_AT1 '_NULL all_DB weather_NN1 '_NULL relationship_NN1 with_IW Africa_NP1 particularly_RR since_CS the_AT new_JJ century_NNT1 by_II persis_NN1 tently_RR expanding_VVG its_APPGE economic_JJ ,_, political_JJ and_CC ,_, more_RGR recently_RR ,_, security_NN1 involvement_NN1 in_II Africa_NP1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
At_II the_AT same_DA time_NNT1 ,_, the_AT abundance_NN1 of_IO different_JJ resources_NN2 made_VVD it_PPH1 possible_JJ both_RR to_TO maintain_VVI a_AT1 benign_JJ course_NN1 of_IO action_NN1 when_CS facing_VVG Russia_NP1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 belligerence_NN1 in_II 2008_MC and_CC to_TO enact_VVI a_AT1 significant_JJ policy_NN1 change_NN1 in_II 2014hile_FO still_RR retaining_VVG the_AT civilian_JJ power_NN1 narrative_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
A_AT1 significant_JJ share_NN1 of_IO electoral_JJ cleavages_NN2 in_II Arkhangel_NP1 '_NULL sk_NNU (_( four_MC )_) ,_, Vladimir_NP1 (_( six_MC )_) ,_, Ivanovo_NP1 (_( four_MC )_) ,_, Irkutsk_NP1 (_( five_MC )_) ,_, and_CC Yaroslavl_NP1 (_( four_MC )_) oblasti_FW had_VHN no_AT political_JJ interpretation_NN1 (_( none_PN at_II all_DB in_II Yaroslaval_NP1 Oblast_NP1 "_" )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT justification_NN1 for_IF using_VVG the_AT concept_NN1 of_IO ideology_NN1 when_CS engaging_VVG in_II historical_JJ studies_NN2 in_II philosophy_NN1 is_VBZ its_APPGE explanatory_JJ power_NN1 ;_; it_PPH1 allows_VVZ us_PPIO2 to_TO answer_VVI questions_NN2 such_II21 as_II22 :_: How_RRQ can_VM someone_PN1 as_RG intelligent_JJ as_CSA Aristotle_NP1 hold_NN1 beliefs_NN2 which_DDQ seem_VV0 to_TO be_VBI so_RG evidently_RR false_JJ ,_, even_CS21 when_CS22 we_PPIS2 account_VV0 for_IF the_AT evidence_NN1 that_CST he_PPHS1 had_VHD access_NN1 to_II ?_? 
</s>
<s>
This_DD1 '_NULL big_JJ six_MC '_NULL col_NN1 lectively_RR hold_VV0 a_AT1 unique_JJ position_NN1 in_II the_AT market_NN1 and_CC integrate_VV0 biological_JJ and_CC chemical_JJ technologies_NN2 in_II agricultural_JJ markets_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Beyond_II the_AT micro-level_NN1 ,_, I_PPIS1 also_RR look_VV0 at_II the_AT macro-level_NN1 ,_, where_CS I_PPIS1 study_VV0 the_AT consequences_NN2 of_IO the_AT unequal_JJ opportunity_NN1 of_IO countries_NN2 to_TO influence_VVI the_AT negotiations_NN2 in_II the_AT NPT_NP1 Review_NN1 Process_NN1 for_IF the_AT nonproliferation_NN1 regime_NN1 as_II such_DA ._. 
</s>
<s>
From_II an_AT1 analysis_NN1 of_IO the_AT Parliament_NN1 of_IO Victoria_NP1 ,_, Australia_NP1 ,_, the_AT change_NN1 from_II an_AT1 SMD_NP1 system_NN1 to_II a_AT1 flexible-list_JJ PR_NP1 increased_VVD politicians_NN2 '_NULL attention_NN1 on_II the_AT future_NN1 of_IO the_AT state_NN1 and_CC globalization_NN1 but_CCB did_VDD not_XX cause_VVI politicians_NN2 '_NULL inattention_NN1 to_II their_APPGE geographical_JJ constituencies_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Though_CS scholars_NN2 continue_VV0 to_TO debate_VVI whether_CSW scores_NN2 developed_VVN in_II this_DD1 manner_NN1 capture_VV0 pure_JJ legislator_NN1 ideology_NN1 or_CC a_AT1 murkier_JJR realization_NN1 of_IO induced_JJ preferences_NN2 ,_, for_IF the_AT present_JJ purpose_NN1 they_PPHS2 provide_VV0 a_AT1 means_NN of_IO distinguishing_VVG between_II the_AT relative_JJ conservatism_NN1 of_IO state_NN1 parties_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Second_MD ,_, the_AT setting_NN1 up_RP of_IO governance_NN1 mechanisms_NN2 may_VM ,_, in_II turn_NN1 ,_, have_VH0 a_AT1 negative_JJ impact_NN1 on_II municipal_JJ executive_NN1 councillors_NN2 '_NULL perceived_VVD autonomy_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Le_NP1 Guin_NP1 and_CC other_JJ authors_NN2 of_IO utopian_JJ fiction_NN1 therefore_RR convey_VV0 to_II us_PPIO2 what_DDQ at_II this_DD1 point_NN1 in_II time_NNT1 ,_, where_RRQ the_AT very_JJ idea_NN1 of_IO alternatives_NN2 is_VBZ routinely_RR denied_VVN ,_, seems_VVZ most_DAT indispensable_JJ :_: new_JJ questions_NN2 ,_, rather_II21 than_II22 novel_JJ answers_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Only_RR one_MC1 member_NN1 in_II the_AT group_NN1 receives_VVZ the_AT prize_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Table_NN1 3_MC reports_NN2 logit_VV0 estimates_NN2 of_IO the_AT influence_NN1 of_IO CEC_NN1 on_II candidates_NN2 '_NULL loyalty_NN1 to_II the_AT party_NN1 platform_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
By_II contrast_NN1 ,_, fiscal_JJ deficits_NN2 in_II the_AT US_NP1 enabled_VVD a_AT1 sharp_JJ rise_NN1 in_II the_AT generation_NN1 of_IO safe_JJ US_NP1 public_JJ debt_NN1 assets_NN2 as_II a_AT1 percentage_NN1 of_IO world_NN1 GDP_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
I_PPIS1 voted_VVD Leave_NN1 but_CCB didn_VV0 '_NULL t_ZZ1 think_VV0 my_APPGE vote_NN1 would_VM countI_NN2 never_RR thought_VVD it_PPH1 would_VM actually_RR happen_VVI '_NULL (_( @LauraTopham_FO 2016_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT formal_JJ checks_NN2 on_II presidential_JJ power_NN1 ,_, from_II the_AT legislative_JJ ,_, judicial_JJ and_CC executive_NN1 branches_NN2 have_VH0 all_RR eroded_VVN ._. 
</s>
<s>
This_DD1 is_VBZ a_AT1 move_NN1 in_II the_AT right_JJ direction_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Yet_RR the_AT ingredients_NN2 and_CC the_AT proportions_NN2 of_IO this_DD1 recipe_NN1 have_VH0 changed_VVN ._. 
</s>
<s>
Yan_NP1 ,_, for_REX21 instance_REX22 ,_, draws_VVZ on_II an_AT1 ancient_JJ Chinese_JJ political_JJ idea_NN1 of_IO '_NULL humane_JJ authority_NN1 '_NULL (_( or_CC wangdao_NN1 )_) to_TO provide_VVI a_AT1 different_JJ understanding_NN1 of_IO the_AT operation_NN1 of_IO power_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
While_CS this_DD1 article_NN1 has_VHZ focused_VVN on_II the_AT causal_JJ effect_NN1 of_IO the_AT partisan_JJ source_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 conspiracy_NN1 theory_NN1 on_II belief_NN1 in_II that_DD1 theory_NN1 ,_, partisan_JJ cues_NN2 are_VBR not_XX the_AT only_JJ ones_NN2 with_IW which_DDQ individuals_NN2 are_VBR confronted_VVN ._. 
</s>
<s>
We_PPIS2 restrict_VV0 each_DD1 analysis_NN1 to_TO include_VVI only_RR two_MC survey_NN1 rounds_VVZ :_: the_AT one_PN1 that_CST precedes_VVZ and_CC the_AT one_PN1 that_CST follows_VVZ each_DD1 presidential_JJ transition_NN1 (_( Table_NN1 1_MC1 )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Furthermore_RR ,_, the_AT county_NN1 did_VDD not_XX receive_VVI substantial_JJ fiscal_JJ subsidies_NN2 from_II upper-level_JJ governments_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Second_MD ,_, we_PPIS2 control_VV0 for_IF the_AT timing_NN1 of_IO national_JJ elections_NN2 ,_, that_REX21 is_REX22 ,_, elections_NN2 for_IF national_JJ parliaments_NN2 and_CC (_( in_II31 case_II32 of_II33 direct_JJ elections_NN2 )_) for_IF the_AT head_NN1 of_IO the_AT executive_NN1 ,_, with_IW the_AT data_NN coming_VVG from_II the_AT DPI_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
This_DD1 allowed_VVD him_PPHO1 to_TO practise_VVI forms_NN2 of_IO religious_JJ diplomacy_NN1 and_CC to_TO brand_VVI Cyprus_NP1 internation_NN1 ally_NN1 through_II the_AT niche_NN1 of_IO the_AT Orthodox_JJ tradition_NN1 and_CC its_APPGE historical_JJ legacy_NN1 in_II the_AT island_NN1 ,_, including_II its_APPGE linkage_NN1 to_II the_AT anti-colonial_JJ struggle_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Given_VVN such_DA limitations_NN2 ,_, the_AT PYD_NN1 has_VHZ employed_VVN a_AT1 pragmatic_JJ non-aggression_JJ approach_NN1 to_II the_AT Assad_NP1 regime_NN1 in_BCL21 order_BCL22 eventually_RR to_TO bargain_VVI the_AT terms_NN2 of_IO a_AT1 space_NN1 of_IO Kurdish_JJ self-rule_NN1 (_( Ali_NP1 2015_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
He_PPHS1 believed_VVD that_CST revolutionary_JJ work_NN1 in_II the_AT Duma_NP1 was_VBDZ too_RG important_JJ to_TO be_VBI sacrificed_VVN at_II the_AT altar_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 pseudo-radical_JJ refusal_NN1 to_TO submit_VVI to_II parliamentary_JJ protocols_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
President_NNB Ernesto_NP1 Geisel_NP1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 (_( 1974–1979_MCMC )_) ,_, the_AT most_RGT important_JJ president_NN1 of_IO the_AT period_NN1 ,_, main_JJ goals_NN2 were_VBDR to_TO increase_VVI Brazil_NP1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 economic_JJ independence_NN1 by_II distancing_VVG itself_PPX1 from_II typical_JJ Cold_JJ War_NN1 issues_NN2 ,_, such_II21 as_II22 security_NN1 and_CC defense_NN1 ,_, and_CC by_II seeking_VVG closer_JJR relations_NN2 with_IW any_DD country_NN1 ,_, communist_JJ or_CC not_XX ,_, that_DD1 would_VM give_VVI market_NN1 access_NN1 or_CC vital_JJ technology_NN1 to_II Brazil_NP1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 growing_JJ economy_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Future_JJ work_NN1 should_VM also_RR examine_VVI whether_CSW attending_VVG caucus_NN1 meetings_NN2 affects_VVZ members_NN2 '_NULL subsequent_JJ behavior_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT #bo_FO Akademi_JJ University_NN1 Foundation_NN1 ,_, grant_VV0 for_IF the_AT FutuDem_NN1 centre_NN1 of_IO excellence_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
These_DD2 applied_VVN ,_, specific_JJ nonideal_JJ principles_NN2 do_VD0 appear_VVI to_TO differ_VVI to_II the_AT rules_NN2 governing_VVG other_JJ areas_NN2 of_IO moral_JJ and_CC political_JJ philosophy_NN1 ,_, which_DDQ do_VD0 not_XX share_VVI the_AT features_NN2 of_IO war_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
From_II a_AT1 theoretical_JJ perspective_NN1 ,_, therefore_RR ,_, her_APPGE failure_NN1 to_TO perform_VVI the_AT Theresa_NP1 May_NPM1 of_IO June_NPM1 2016_MC meant_VVD that_CST her_APPGE overall_JJ narrative_NN1 was_VBDZ dissipated_VVN ._. 
</s>
<s>
IR_NN1 scholars_NN2 have_VH0 frequently_RR emphasized_VVN that_DD1 feudalism_NN1 constitutes_VVZ an_AT1 interpersonal_JJ ,_, private_JJ mode_NN1 of_IO power_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Like_II gas_NN1 stations_NN2 or_CC banks_NN2 ,_, which_DDQ are_VBR often_RR located_VVN next_II21 to_II22 their_APPGE direct_JJ competitors_NN2 ,_, competing_VVG providers_NN2 of_IO governance_NN1 goods_NN2 may_VM remain_VVI concentrated_VVN within_II a_AT1 limited_JJ area_NN1 of_IO their_APPGE governance_NN1 space_NN1 (_( Clarke_NP1 2018_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Power_NN1 and_CC Roberts_NP1 1995_MC ;_; Zulfikarpasic_NN1 2001_MC ;_; Uggla_NP1 2008_MC ;_; Power_NN1 and_CC Garand_NP1 2007_MC ;_; Aldashev_NP1 and_CC Mastrobuoni_NP1 2013_MC ;_; Kouba_NP1 and_CC Lysek_NP1 2016_MC ;_; Moral_JJ 2016_MC ;_; Katz_NP1 and_CC Levin_NP1 2016_MC ;_; Cohen_NP1 2017_MC ;_; Fatke_NP1 and_CC Heinsohn_NP1 2016_MC ;_; Singh_NP1 2017_MC ;_; Pachón_NP1 et_RA21 al_RA22 ._. 
</s>
<s>
2017_MC ;_; Cohen_NP1 2018_MC ;_; Kouba_NP1 and_CC Lysek_NP1 2019_MC ;_; Martinez_NP1 i_MC1 Coma_NN1 and_CC Werner_NP1 2019_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Even_RR in_II countries_NN2 that_CST perform_VV0 strongly_RR in_II31 terms_II32 of_II33 GDP_NN1 per_RR21 capita_RR22 ,_, access_NN1 to_II factors_NN2 that_CST contribute_VV0 to_II welfare_NN1 and_CC human_JJ development_NN1 ,_, such_II21 as_II22 opportunities_NN2 for_IF social_JJ participation_NN1 and_CC acceptance_NN1 ,_, may_VM vary_VVI with_IW personal_JJ attributes_NN2 (_( e.g._REX ,_, wealth_NN1 ,_, age_NN1 ,_, gender_NN1 ,_, ethnicity_NN1 ,_, or_CC religion_NN1 )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
First_MD ,_, participatory_JJ institutions_NN2 may_VM result_VVI from_II bottom-up_NN1 mobilization_NN1 and_CC demands_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
And_CC within_II Althusser_NP1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 matrix_NN1 ,_, not_XX only_RR did_VDD religious_JJ consciousness_NN1 constitute_VV0 one_MC1 continuing_JJ instance_NN1 of_IO effective_JJ ideological_JJ '_NULL interpellation_NN1 '_NULL ,_, it_PPH1 formed_VVD its_APPGE very_JJ paradigm_NN1 ,_, perhaps_RR even_RR its_APPGE source_NN1 :_: subjectivity_NN1 was_VBDZ only_RR fully_RR '_NULL hailed_VVN '_NULL (_( and_CC thereby_RR constituted_VVN )_) by_II the_AT sovereign_JJ Subject_NN1 ,_, that_DD1 psychic_JJ fount_NN1 of_IO imperative_JJ meaning_NN1 ,_, recognition_NN1 and_CC authority_NN1 ,_, aka_NN1 God_NP1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Moreover_RR ,_, the_AT moderate_JJ homophily_RR shows_VVZ that_CST there_EX was_VBDZ some_DD interaction_NN1 between_II opposing_VVG political_JJ camps_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Chris_NP1 Christie_NP1 ,_, Steve_NP1 Bannon_NP1 and_CC White_NP1 House_NN1 counsel_NN1 Don_NP1 McGahn_NP1 all_DB testified_VVD that_DD1 Trump_NN1 made_VVD requests_NN2 that_CST were_VBDR '_NULL nonsensical_JJ '_NULL ,_, '_NULL ridiculous_JJ '_NULL or_CC '_NULL silly_JJ '_NULL ._. 
</s>
<s>
This_DD1 first_MD notable_JJ disorder_NN1 caused_VVN by_II Russian_JJ bolel_NN1 '_NULL shchiki_NN2 is_VBZ also_RR evidence_NN1 for_IF the_AT contention_NN1 that_CST far-right_JJ groups_NN2 began_VVD penetrating_JJ Russian_JJ football_NN1 in_II the_AT late_JJ 1990s_MC2 and_CC early_JJ 2000s_MC2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
In_RR21 addition_RR22 ,_, empirical_JJ studies_NN2 question_VV0 whether_CSW BITs_NN2 with_IW ISDS_NN2 ,_, in_II fact_NN1 ,_, lead_VV0 to_II greater_JJR foreign_JJ direct_JJ investment_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Most_RGT importantly_RR ,_, the_AT principles_NN2 clearly_RR delineate_VV0 a_AT1 programme_NN1 for_IF national_JJ development_NN1 based_VVN on_II industrialisation_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
If_CS the_AT multilateral_JJ investment_NN1 court_NN1 system_NN1 draws_VVZ from_II this_DD1 model_NN1 ,_, many_DA2 further_JJR procedural_JJ details_NN2 remain_VV0 to_TO be_VBI determined_VVN by_II the_AT parties_NN2 that_CST choose_VV0 to_TO join_VVI it_PPH1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
In_II education_NN1 across_II the_AT region_NN1 ,_, experts_NN2 are_VBR collecting_VVG and_CC analyzing_VVG data_NN ,_, and_CC ruling_JJ elites_NN2 say_VV0 this_DD1 is_VBZ often_RR the_AT first_MD time_NNT1 such_DA data_NN have_VH0 been_VBN assembled_VVN in_II systematic_JJ ways_NN2 and_CC presented_VVN to_II them_PPHO2 for_IF consideration_NN1 in_II decision-making_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
This_DD1 has_VHZ since_RR become_VV0 something_PN1 of_IO a_AT1 '_NULL classic_NN1 '_NULL in_II feminist_JJ IR_NN1 and_CC reprinted_VVN many_DA2 times_NNT2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
In_CS41 as_CS42 much_CS43 as_CS44 imperialism_NN1 was_VBDZ central_JJ to_II the_AT shaping_NN1 of_IO modern_JJ international_JJ law_NN1 ,_, the_AT convenient_JJ mix_NN1 of_IO positivism_NN1 and_CC natural_JJ law_NN1 arrived_VVD at_II in_II different_JJ historical_JJ periods_NN2 by_II western_JJ legal_JJ scholarship_NN1 reflect_VV0 its_APPGE different_JJ phases_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Had_VHD it_PPH1 been_VBN a_AT1 true_JJ 2_MC by_II 2_MC design_NN1 ,_, the_AT extreme_JJ text_NN1 conditions_NN2 would_VM either_RR be_VBI visibly_RR too_RG complicated_JJ (_( i.e._REX ,_, high_JJ semantic_JJ and_CC syntactic_JJ )_) or_CC too_RG simplistic_JJ (_( i.e._REX ,_, low_JJ semantic_JJ and_CC low_JJ syntactic_JJ )_) ,_, not_XX resembling_VVG a_AT1 real_JJ newspaper_NN1 article_NN1 anymore_RR ,_, therefore_RR would_VM limit_VVI the_AT generalizability_NN1 of_IO our_APPGE results_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Despite_II their_APPGE disagreement_NN1 on_II the_AT channels_NN2 through_II which_DDQ domestic_JJ actors_NN2 advance_VV0 their_APPGE demands_NN2 for_IF regional_JJ institutions_NN2 ,_, many_DA2 theories_NN2 of_IO European_JJ integration_NN1 presuppose_VV0 liberal_JJ democracy_NN1 and_CC advanced_JJ market_NN1 economy_NN1 as_CSA context_NN1 conditions_NN2 for_IF regionalism_NN1 to_TO unfold_VVI ._. 
</s>
<s>
Now_RT ,_, everyone_PN1 has_VHZ their_APPGE own_DA responsibility_NN1 to_TO participate_VVI ,_, and_CC no_PN121 one_PN122 should_VM be_VBI excluded_VVN from_II practising_JJ democracy_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT distributive_JJ theory_NN1 of_IO legislative_JJ organisation_NN1 (_( Shepsle_NP1 ,_, 1978_MC )_) views_VVZ legislatures_NN2 as_CSA decentralised_JJ institutions_NN2 which_DDQ are_VBR dominated_VVN by_II geographical_JJ concerns_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
In_II a_AT1 sufficiently_RR large_JJ population_NN1 ,_, many_DA2 interactions_NN2 will_VM not_XX be_VBI with_IW individuals_NN2 one_PN1 knows_VVZ ,_, yet_RR one_PN1 has_VHZ to_TO decide_VVI how_RRQ to_TO behave_VVI toward_II them_PPHO2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
First_MD ,_, treaty_NN1 bodies_NN2 should_VM increase_VVI efforts_NN2 to_TO encourage_VVI states_NN2 to_TO participate_VVI ,_, especially_RR to_TO submit_VVI their_APPGE first_MD report_NN1 ,_, since_II doing_VDG so_RR familiarizes_VVZ governments_NN2 with_IW the_AT process_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
He_PPHS1 was_VBDZ sympathetic_JJ towards_II an_AT1 approach_NN1 of_IO diplomacy_NN1 understood_VVD as_RG '_NULL high_JJ politics_NN1 '_NULL such_II21 as_II22 secretively_RR operating_VVG behind_II the_AT scenes_NN2 and_CC keeping_VVG a_AT1 low_JJ public_JJ profile_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
It_PPH1 should_VM not_XX come_VVI as_II a_AT1 shock_NN1 then_RT that_CST these_DD2 codes_NN2 at_RR21 best_RR22 offer_VV0 limited_JJ possibili_NN2 ties_VVZ for_IF solving_VVG the_AT crises_NN2 of_IO inequality_NN1 and_CC environmental_JJ catastrophe_NN1 ,_, and_CC may_VM in_II fact_NN1 prevent_VV0 more_RGR meaningful_JJ action_NN1 from_II being_VBG undertaken_VVN in_II the_AT first_MD place_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Raunio_NN1 and_CC Wagner_NP1 (_( 2017_MC :_: 9_MC )_) argue_VV0 that_CST despite_II a_AT1 seeming_JJ trend_NN1 toward_II parliamentarisation_NN1 of_IO foreign_JJ policy_NN1 ,_, the_AT executive_NN1 still_RR enjoys_VVZ informational_JJ advantages_NN2 over_II parliaments_NN2 in_II this_DD1 realm_NN1 ,_, which_DDQ put_VV0 it_PPH1 in_II a_AT1 privileged_JJ position_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
This_DD1 is_VBZ consistent_JJ with_IW a_AT1 "_" funnel_NN1 of_IO causality_NN1 "_" interpretation_NN1 mooted_VVN in_II the_AT introduction_NN1 and_CC conclusion_NN1 papers_NN2 of_IO this_DD1 study_NN1 (_( Simeon_NP1 1976_MC ,_, 556_MC ;_; Mazmanian_JJ and_CC Sabatier_NP1 1980_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
For_RR41 the_RR42 most_RR43 part_RR44 ,_, their_APPGE accounts_NN2 do_VD0 not_XX reflect_VVI unfavourable_JJ circumstances_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
In_II the_AT first_MD instance_NN1 ,_, such_DA a_AT1 homogenization_NN1 endeavor_NN1 would_VM require_VVI resorting_VVG to_II coercive_JJ measures_NN2 that_CST conflict_NN1 with_IW basic_JJ liberal_JJ democratic_JJ values_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT fundamental_JJ two_MC lines_NN2 of_IO criticism_NN1 of_IO Marx_NP1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 '_NULL solution_NN1 '_NULL can_VM be_VBI found_VVN in_II the_AT work_NN1 of_IO Eugen_NP1 von_NP1 Bohm-Bawerk_NP1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
A_AT1 focus_NN1 on_II state_NN1 ownership_NN1 or_CC control_NN1 is_VBZ a_AT1 natural_JJ one_PN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
But_CCB social_JJ movements_NN2 are_VBR not_XX the_AT only_JJ drivers_NN2 of_IO change_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT ongoing_JJ dialogue_NN1 between_II transnational_JJ entrepreneurs_NN2 and_CC regional_JJ agents_NN2 raised_VVD the_AT general_JJ awareness_NN1 of_IO the_AT benefits_NN2 of_IO regional_JJ OA_NP1 production_NN1 ,_, processing_VVG ,_, and_CC marketing_NN1 and_CC allowed_VVN for_IF the_AT exchange_NN1 of_IO global_JJ norms_NN2 and_CC regional_JJ values_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
At_II the_AT time_NNT1 of_IO its_APPGE release_NN1 ,_, it_PPH1 cut_VVD through_II geostrategic_JJ discourses_NN2 on_II deterrence_NN1 and_CC civil_JJ defence_NN1 and_CC gave_VVD substance_NN1 to_II an_AT1 omnipresent_JJ anxiety_NN1 about_II the_AT catastrophic_JJ consequences_NN2 of_IO nuclear_JJ war_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
At_II a_AT1 certain_JJ threshold_NN1 level_NN1 of_IO II_MC however_RR ,_, follower_NN1 numbers_NN2 experience_VV0 a_AT1 sudden_JJ drop_NN1 to_TO zero_VVI ._. 
</s>
<s>
Perhaps_RR different_JJ theories_NN2 predict_VV0 that_CST different_JJ types_NN2 of_IO organizations_NN2 will_VM affect_VVI policy_NN1 differently_RR ._. 
</s>
<s>
Because_II21 of_II22 the_AT sheer_JJ scale_NN1 and_CC complexity_NN1 of_IO parliaments_NN2 ,_, PPGs_NP1 frequently_RR divide_VV0 their_APPGE workload_NN1 and_CC delegate_NN1 tasks_NN2 to_II individual_JJ legislators_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Particularly_RR ,_, Germany_NP1 and_CC France_NP1 initially_RR preferred_VVN to_TO undertake_VVI the_AT capacity_NN1 building_NN1 measures_NN2 within_II the_AT CFSP_NP1 framework_NN1 ,_, which_DDQ would_VM have_VHI meant_VVN a_AT1 lesser_JJ degree_NN1 of_IO integration_NN1 in_II31 terms_II32 of_II33 depth_NN1 compared_VVN to_II the_AT choice_NN1 for_IF a_AT1 development_NN1 policy_NN1 instrument_NN1 like_II the_AT IcSP_NN1 managed_VVN by_II the_AT Commission_NN1 (_( interviews_NN2 B_ZZ1 ,_, C_ZZ1 ,_, F_ZZ1 ,_, S_ZZ1 )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Agents_NN2 do_VD0 not_XX reproduce_VVI or_CC die_VVI but_CCB inhabit_VV0 a_AT1 fixed-size_JJ population_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
However_RR ,_, these_DD2 estimates_NN2 did_VDD not_XX con_VVI sider_NN1 ,_, for_REX21 instance_REX22 ,_, permafrost_NN1 thawing_VVG ;_; consequently_RR ,_, carbon_NN1 losses_NN2 may_VM be_VBI far_RR greater_JJR ._. 
</s>
<s>
Here_RL ,_, some_DD interviewees_NN2 noted_VVD that_DD1 Otunnu_NN1 could_VM have_VHI made_VVN far_RG better_JJR use_NN1 of_IO the_AT '_NULL dynamic_JJ early_JJ years_NNT2 '_NULL of_IO the_AT CAAC_JJ agenda_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Similar_JJ comparisons_NN2 can_VM also_RR be_VBI relevant_JJ for_IF understanding_VVG systems_NN2 where_RRQ competitive_JJ elections_NN2 are_VBR absent_JJ ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT results_NN2 hold_VV0 using_VVG this_DD1 simpler_JJR ,_, single-level_JJ estimation_NN1 method_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
U.S._NP1 primacy_NN1 ,_, and_CC the_AT confidence_NN1 that_CST the_AT United_NP1 States_NP1 possesses_VVZ vast_JJ latent_JJ power_NN1 ,_, is_VBZ especially_RR resilient_JJ to_II shocks_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
As_CSA shown_VVN in_II Table_NN1 1_MC1 ,_, candidate_NN1 numbers_NN2 remained_VVD relatively_RR steady_JJ between_II 2.8_MC (_( 468/170_MF )_) and_CC 3_MC (_( 775/258_MF )_) candidates_NN2 per_II seat_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
In_II 43_MC interviews_NN2 (_( 18%_NNU )_) ,_, respondents_NN2 expressed_VVD surprised_JJ regarding_II the_AT detail_NN1 of_IO the_AT information_NN1 requested_VVN ._. 
</s>
<s>
One_MC1 of_IO the_AT first_MD to_TO suggest_VVI a_AT1 link_NN1 between_II DT_NP1 and_CC constructivist_NN1 approaches_VVZ to_II institutions_NN2 was_VBDZ Moon_NN1 (_( 2013_MC )_) ,_, who_PNQS in_II turn_NN1 drew_VVD on_II the_AT pioneering_JJ work_NN1 of_IO S?rensen_NP1 and_CC Torfing_NP1 (_( 2007_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
This_DD1 recommendation_NN1 by_II GRECO_NP1 can_VM be_VBI regarded_VVN as_II a_AT1 rather_RG common_JJ approach_NN1 of_IO the_AT subject_NN1 of_IO standards_NN2 of_IO conduct_NN1 nowadays_RT ._. 
</s>
<s>
For_REX21 example_REX22 ,_, this_DD1 could_VM occur_VVI if_CSW the_AT donor_NN1 had_VHD a_AT1 surplus_NN1 of_IO some_DD good_JJ ,_, which_DDQ is_VBZ of_IO little_JJ value_NN1 to_II themselves_PPX2 but_CCB of_IO great_JJ value_NN1 to_II a_AT1 receiving_JJ agent_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
In_II some_DD works_NN (_( Hale_NP1 2003_MC ,_, 2006_MC ;_; Golosov_NP1 2011a_FO ;_; Reuter_NP1 2013_MC )_) the_AT fact_NN1 is_VBZ stressed_VVN that_CST in_II regions_NN2 marked_VVN by_II a_AT1 relatively_RR small_JJ proportion_NN1 of_IO Russians_NN2 ,_, there_EX will_VM probably_RR be_VBI found_VVN a_AT1 closed_JJ political_JJ regime_NN1 and_CC ,_, therefore_RR ,_, the_AT absence_NN1 of_IO political_JJ competition_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
In_RR21 particular_RR22 ,_, these_DD2 are_VBR GDP_NN1 per_RR21 capita_RR22 as_II a_AT1 measure_NN1 of_IO legal_JJ capacity_NN1 (_( Busch_NP1 and_CC Reinhardt_NP1 2003_MC )_) and_CC total_JJ GDP_NN1 to_TO account_VVI for_IF the_AT market_NN1 size_NN1 of_IO the_AT complainant_NN1 (_( Bown_NP1 2010_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
For_REX21 example_REX22 ,_, if_CS party_NN1 I_PPIS1 held_VVD 50%_NNU of_IO the_AT portfolios_NN2 for_IF exactly_RR one-half_MF of_IO the_AT CIEP_NN1 ,_, C_ZZ1 is_VBZ 25%_NNU ._. 
</s>
<s>
In_II a_AT1 fragmented_JJ system_NN1 ,_, the_AT pressure_NN1 on_II the_AT governing_JJ party_NN1 to_TO keep_VVI its_APPGE election_NN1 promises_NN2 is_VBZ thus_RR diminished_VVN ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT youth_NN1 organizations_NN2 of_IO niche_NN1 parties_NN2 ,_, in_II which_DDQ personal_JJ contacts_NN2 to_II and_CC overlapping_JJ memberships_NN2 with_IW movements_NN2 are_VBR more_RGR common_JJ ,_, seem_VV0 to_TO play_VVI a_AT1 particularly_RR relevant_JJ role_NN1 in_II bringing_VVG movement_NN1 ideas_NN2 to_II parties_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
For_REX21 example_REX22 ,_, a_AT1 military_JJ leader_NN1 may_VM speak_VVI out_RP ,_, believing_VVG herself_PPX1 to_TO be_VBI motivated_VVN by_II personal_JJ conscience_NN1 or_CC an_AT1 altruistic_JJ concern_NN1 for_IF the_AT country_NN1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 security_NN1 ,_, but_CCB then_RT fail_VV0 to_TO recognize_VVI the_AT action_NN1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 political_JJ effects_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Still_RR ,_, univocal_JJ negative_JJ assessments_NN2 of_IO the_AT quality_NN1 of_IO Norwegian_JJ democracy_NN1 are_VBR assessments_NN2 that_CST depart_VV0 largely_RR and_CC in_II ways_NN2 that_CST are_VBR hard_JJ to_TO explain_VVI from_II reasonable_JJ expectations_NN2 ,_, and_CC we_PPIS2 assume_VV0 that_CST theoretical_JJ approaches_NN2 producing_VVG such_DA assessments_NN2 are_VBR prima_RR21 facie_RR22 questionable_JJ ._. 
</s>
<s>
In_II sum_NN1 ,_, U.S._NP1 and_CC Chinese_JJ strategies_NN2 will_VM determine_VVI whether_CSW the_AT stability_NN1 in_II Asia_NP1 of_IO the_AT past_JJ seven_MC decades_NNT2 endures_VVZ ._. 
</s>
<s>
Two_MC other_JJ variables_NN2 represent_VV0 counts_NN2 of_IO fatalities_NN2 (_( Dead_NP1 )_) as_II31 well_II32 as_II33 near_JJ fatalities_NN2 and_CC grave_JJ bodily_JJ harm_NN1 (_( Wounded_JJ )_) in_II each_DD1 incident_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT case_NN1 of_IO Stuxnet_NP1 ,_, to_TO be_VBI discussed_VVN below_RL ,_, is_VBZ informative_JJ in_II this_DD1 regard_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Reporting_VVG expectations_NN2 increase_VV0 with_IW both_DB2 the_AT reporting_NN1 behavior_NN1 of_IO peers_NN2 and_CC mobilization_NN1 by_II civil_JJ society_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
For_IF decades_NNT2 ,_, Marxism-Leninism_NP1 coupled_VVD with_IW the_AT thought_NN1 of_IO Mao_NP1 Zedong_NP1 has_VHZ served_VVN as_II the_AT official_JJ ideology_NN1 of_IO the_AT Communist_JJ Party_NN1 of_IO China_NP1 (_( CPC_NP1 )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT US_NP1 diplomatic_JJ cables_NN2 paint_VV0 a_AT1 very_RG positive_JJ picture_NN1 of_IO Somaliland_NP1 ,_, which_DDQ has_VHZ been_VBN successful_JJ in_II preventing_VVG pirates_NN2 from_II running_VVG operations_NN2 from_II its_APPGE territory_NN1 and_CC in_II preventing_VVG the_AT designated_JJ Foreign_JJ Terrorist_JJ Organization_NN1 al-Shabaab_NN1 from_II gaining_VVG a_AT1 foothold_NN1 in_II the_AT region_NN1 (_( Nairobi_NP1 2009-02-25_MCMC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT United_JJ Nations_NN2 ,_, like_II other_JJ international_JJ organizations_NN2 ,_, makes_VVZ choices_NN2 about_II what_DDQ information_NN1 to_TO make_VVI available_JJ and_CC what_DDQ information_NN1 to_TO keep_VVI under_II wraps_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Such_DA a_AT1 "_" spark_NN1 "_" was_VBDZ ignited_VVN by_II the_AT cabinet_NN1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 decision_NN1 to_TO increase_VVI gas_NN1 prices_NN2 ,_, as_RG well_RR as_CSA by_II overall_JJ economic_JJ grievances_NN2 called_VVN forth_RR by_II the_AT influence_NN1 of_IO the_AT World_NN1 Economic_JJ Crisis_NN1 of_IO 2008-2010_MCMC ._. 
</s>
<s>
Scores_NN2 of_IO documents_NN2 were_VBDR transferred_VVN from_II the_AT Attorney_NN1 General_JJ '_NULL s_ZZ1 Office_NN1 to_II the_AT Court_NN1 in_II the_AT coming_JJ weeks_NNT2 ,_, and_CC the_AT Court_NN1 began_VVD to_TO mete_VVI out_RP an_AT1 increasing_JJ number_NN1 of_IO sentences_NN2 from_II late_JJ 2009_MC onwards_RL ,_, marking_VVG the_AT most_RGT significant_JJ expansion_NN1 of_IO the_AT Court_NN1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 power_NN1 in_II its_APPGE modern_JJ history_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
These_DD2 cases_NN2 were_VBDR collected_VVN from_II the_AT Blue_JJ Book_NN1 of_IO Public_NN1 Opinion_NN1 in_II China_NP1 (_( 2013–2015_MCMC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
And_CC MacCoun_NP1 warns_VVZ that_CST people_NN '_NULL s_ZZ1 preference_NN1 for_IF fair_JJ procedures_NN2 is_VBZ so_RG strong_JJ that_CST it_PPH1 leaves_VVZ them_PPHO2 '_NULL susceptible_JJ to_II manipulation_NN1 and_CC exploitation_NN1 '_NULL ._. 
</s>
<s>
This_DD1 implies_VVZ that_CST in_II the_AT meeting_NN1 of_IO the_AT Economic_JJ Affairs_NN2 Committee_NN1 ,_, for_REX21 example_REX22 ,_, the_AT Land_NN1 representative_NN1 will_VM vote_VVI against_II regulation_NN1 challenging_VVG the_AT wine_NN1 industry_NN1 and_CC may_VM attempt_VVI to_TO convince_VVI others_NN2 of_IO her_PPHO1 or_CC his_APPGE position_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT expectation_NN1 is_VBZ thus_RR that_CST the_AT difference_NN1 in_II amount_NN1 of_IO money_NN1 received_VVN by_II the_AT first-_JJ and_CC second-place_JJ getters_NN2 will_VM be_VBI larger_JJR than_CSN the_AT difference_NN1 in_II amount_NN1 received_VVN by_II the_AT second_MD and_CC third_MD ,_, and_RR31 so_RR32 on_RR33 ._. 
</s>
<s>
More_RGR localized_JJ efforts_NN2 may_VM offer_VVI more_RGR granular_JJ detail_NN1 ,_, as_CSA they_PPHS2 can_VM better_RRR tailor_VVI indicator_NN1 development_NN1 to_II the_AT particular_JJ concerns_NN2 of_IO the_AT community_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Finally_RR ,_, mfas_NN2 are_VBR now_RT vi_MC sual_JJ narrators_NN2 who_PNQS rely_VV0 on_II images_NN2 to_TO frame_VVI a_AT1 crisis_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
In_II the_AT aftermath_NN1 of_IO the_AT clash_NN1 ,_, the_AT movement_NN1 leaders_NN2 were_VBDR blamed_VVN on_II many_DA2 occasions_NN2 for_IF not_XX showing_VVG more_DAR compassion_NN1 toward_II those_DD2 who_PNQS were_VBDR imprisoned_VVN (_( Sinitskii_NP1 2012_MC ;_; Polukhina_NP1 2012_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
But_CCB another_DD1 cause_NN1 proved_VVD the_AT more_RGR apt_JJ model_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Lastly_RR ,_, we_PPIS2 collected_VVD data_NN on_II power_NN1 measures_NN2 ,_, operational_JJ location_NN1 ,_, and_CC state_VV0 sponsors_NN2 of_IO the_AT most_RGT prominent_JJ groups_NN2 involved_JJ in_II interrebel_NN1 conflicts_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Fundamentally_RR ,_, carbon_NN1 reports_NN2 are_VBR self-declaration_JJ state_NN1 ments_NN2 and_CC this_DD1 has_VHZ caused_VVN concern_NN1 with_IW data_NN reliability_NN1 (_( Kolk_NP1 et_RA21 al._RA22 ,_, 2008_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Data_NN were_VBDR collected_VVN from_II September_NPM1 2007_MC to_II June_NPM1 2008_MC ._. 
</s>
<s>
In_II our_APPGE present_JJ stage_NN1 these_DD2 barriers_NN2 are_VBR relatively_RR clear_JJ ._. 
</s>
<s>
Allan_NP1 Boesak_NP1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 election_NN1 to_II the_AT Western_NP1 Cape_NP1 presidency_NN1 of_IO the_AT ANC_NP1 was_VBDZ a_AT1 case_NN1 in_II point_NN1 ;_; it_PPH1 occurred_VVD only_JJ months_NNT2 after_CS he_PPHS1 had_VHD urged_VVN the_AT ANC_NP1 to_TO sever_VVI its_APPGE links_NN2 with_IW the_AT party_NN1 ,_, arguing_VVG that_CST the_AT alliance_NN1 alienated_VVD potential_JJ supporters_NN2 who_PNQS were_VBDR Christians_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
PASNY_NP1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 application_NN1 was_VBDZ based_VVN on_II the_AT premise_NN1 that_CST the_AT reservation_NN1 illegally_RR attempted_VVN to_TO amend_VVI or_CC repeal_VVI part_NN1 of_IO the_AT Federal_JJ Power_NN1 Act_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT first_MD market_NN1 mechanism_NN1 ,_, reputation_NN1 ,_, is_VBZ straightforward_JJ ._. 
</s>
<s>
These_DD2 debates_NN2 ,_, as_CSA Fritz_NP1 (_( 2008_MC ,_, 1_MC1 )_) correctly_RR points_VVZ out_RP ,_, were_VBDR set_VVN up_RP by_II replacing_VVG "_" the_AT person_NN1 of_IO the_AT king_NN1 as_II the_AT sovereign_NN1 by_II the_AT collective_JJ body_NN1 of_IO the_AT people_NN as_CSA America_NP1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 new_JJ sovereign_NN1 ._. "_" 
</s>
<s>
In_II contrast_NN1 ,_, protectionist_JJ policies_NN2 can_VM be_VBI targeted_VVN with_IW relative_JJ ease_NN1 based_VVN on_II production_NN1 patterns_NN2 within_II the_AT intended_JJ constituency_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
In_II Qian_NP1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 formulation_NN1 ,_, it_PPH1 is_VBZ a_AT1 matter_NN1 of_IO "_" Chinese_JJ federalism_NN1 ,_, "_" in_II which_DDQ Chinese_JJ local_JJ governments_NN2 ,_, for_IF reasons_NN2 of_IO their_APPGE own_DA tax_NN1 revenues_NN2 ,_, have_VH0 tended_VVN to_TO impose_VVI hard_JJ budget_NN1 constraints_NN2 on_II enterprises_NN2 in_II their_APPGE jurisdictions_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
This_DD1 alternative_NN1 prioritizes_VVZ the_AT use_NN1 and_CC development_NN1 of_IO domestic_JJ institutions_NN2 (_( courts_NN2 or_CC otherwise_RR )_) ,_, which_DDQ are_VBR first_MD given_VVN the_AT opportunity_NN1 to_TO decide_VVI the_AT matter_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
At_II the_AT same_DA time_NNT1 ,_, the_AT new_JJ Greek_JJ government_NN1 was_VBDZ able_JK to_TO reduce_VVI the_AT sense_NN1 of_IO embarrass_VV0 ment_NN1 by_II blaming_VVG the_AT previous_JJ government_NN1 as_II31 well_II32 as_II33 the_AT fear_NN1 and_CC anger_VV0 that_CST the_AT role_NN1 of_IO economic_JJ reformer_NN1 produced_VVN in_II the_AT Greek_JJ population_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
There_EX are_VBR Kurdish_JJ groups_NN2 in_II our_APPGE data_NN ,_, observed_VVN in_II the_AT lower_JJR left_JJ corner_NN1 and_CC linked_VVN to_II the_AT Sunni_NN1 Arab_NN1 militants_NN2 by_II a_AT1 single_JJ connectionYPG_NN1 to_II Ar-Raqqa_NP1 Revolutionaries_NN2 Brigade_NN1 (_( ARRB_NP1 )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
However_RR ,_, as_CSA we_PPIS2 will_VM see_VVI in_II the_AT next_MD section_NN1 ,_, ambiguity_NN1 remains_VVZ ._. 
</s>
<s>
Instead_II21 of_II22 ramping_VVG up_RP its_APPGE efforts_NN2 ,_, the_AT Security_NN1 Council_NN1 wound_VVD them_PPHO2 down_RP ,_, voting_VVG on_II April_NPM1 21as_FO the_AT genocide_NN1 was_VBDZ underwayto_NN1 reduce_VV0 UNAMIR_NN1 to_II 250_MC troops_NN2 and_CC to_TO restrict_VVI its_APPGE mandate_NN1 to_II supporting_VVG the_AT negotiation_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 new_JJ ceasefire_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
For_REX21 example_REX22 ,_, during_II the_AT single-party_JJ rule_NN1 of_IO Mexico_NP1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 PRIa_NP1 government_NN1 that_CST specifically_RR promoted_VVN unity_NN1 among_II the_AT populationfilm_NN1 censorship_NN1 was_VBDZ rare_JJ ._. 
</s>
<s>
It_PPH1 is_VBZ only_RR through_II grappling_VVG with_IW his_APPGE core_NN1 philosophical_JJ ideas_NN2 –_- '_NULL infancy_NN1 ,_, '_NULL '_NULL potentiality_NN1 ,_, '_NULL and_CC '_NULL form-of-life_NN1 '_NULL –_- that_CST we_PPIS2 may_VM make_VVI a_AT1 comprehensive_JJ assessment_NN1 of_IO his_APPGE political_JJ vision_NN1 in_II its_APPGE diagnostic_JJ and_CC curative_JJ aspects_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT AIIB_NN1 plans_VVZ to_TO reach_VVI a_AT1 similar_JJ target_NN1 of_IO US$10_FO billion_NNO plus_II ,_, per_II year_NNT1 ,_, in_II the_AT next_MD 5_MC years_NNT2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Often_RR ,_, home_NN1 violence_NN1 contains_VVZ a_AT1 higher_JJR share_NN1 of_IO indiscriminate_JJ targeting_NN1 and_CC road_NN1 violence_NN1 contains_VVZ a_AT1 higher_JJR share_NN1 of_IO selective_JJ targeting_NN1 (_( Balcells_NP2 &;_NULL Steele_NP1 ,_, 2016_MC ;_; Lombard_NP1 ,_, 2013_MC ;_; Pottier_NP1 ,_, 2006_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
There_EX are_VBR two_MC related_JJ reasons_NN2 for_IF this_DD1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Our_APPGE article_NN1 concludes_VVZ with_IW a_AT1 discussion_NN1 of_IO our_APPGE findings_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Bell_NP1 (_( 2015_MC )_) tries_VVZ his_APPGE best_JJT to_TO figure_VVI out_RP a_AT1 model_NN1 to_TO reconcile_VVI the_AT reality_NN1 of_IO Communist_JJ China_NP1 and_CC the_AT ideal_NN1 of_IO Confucian_JJ meritocracy_NN1 ,_, but_CCB his_APPGE effort_NN1 is_VBZ questionable_JJ at_II two_MC levels_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
From_II the_AT perspective_NN1 of_IO the_AT working_JJ class_NN1 ,_, the_AT labor_NN1 that_CST takes_VVZ place_NN1 in_II31 addition_II32 to_II33 wage_NN1 labor_NN1 is_VBZ far_RG21 from_RG22 insignificant_JJ ._. 
</s>
<s>
Put_VV0 differently_RR ,_, rather_II21 than_II22 seeking_VVG cases_NN2 from_II a_AT1 preset_JJ ,_, broad_JJ class_NN1 in_II order_NN1 to_TO deductively_RR test_VVI theory_NN1 ,_, we_PPIS2 instead_RR conceptualized_VVD officer-level_JJ disobedience_NN1 as_II a_AT1 distinct_JJ category_NN1 of_IO analysis_NN1 ,_, "_" cased_JJ "_" individual_JJ instances_NN2 of_IO it_PPH1 ,_, and_CC abductively_RR theorized_VVD it_PPH1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT overall_JJ aim_NN1 here_RL is_VBZ to_TO accurately_RR identify_VVI the_AT place_NN1 of_IO the_AT imagination_NN1 ,_, and_CC especially_RR of_IO utopian_JJ thinking_NN1 ,_, within_II realism_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Within_II the_AT minimalist_NN1 theory_NN1 ,_, we_PPIS2 include_VV0 all_DB those_DD2 interpretations_NN2 of_IO populism_NN1 that_CST analyze_VV0 its_APPGE ideological_JJ tropes_NN2 ,_, its_APPGE style_NN1 of_IO politics_NN1 in_II31 relation_II32 to_II33 rhetorical_JJ apparatus_NN1 and_CC national_JJ culture_NN1 ,_, and_CC the_AT strategies_NN2 devised_VVN by_II leaders_NN2 to_TO achieve_VVI power_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
In_II India_NP1 ,_, as_CSA in_II other_JJ democratic_JJ states_NN2 ,_, many_DA2 studies_NN2 have_VH0 used_VVN the_AT observed_JJ first_MD versus_II second_MD place_NN1 vote_NN1 margin_NN1 to_TO measure_VVI electoral_JJ competitiveness_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT costs_NN2 of_IO litigation_NN1 at_II the_AT WTO_NN1 can_VM pose_VVI a_AT1 significant_JJ barrier_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
However_RR ,_, as_CSA the_AT analysis_NN1 I_PPIS1 develop_VV0 in_II the_AT following_JJ pages_NN2 will_VM show_VVI ,_, this_DD1 evidence_NN1 should_VM not_XX be_VBI taken_VVN ,_, prima_RR21 facie_RR22 ,_, as_CSA supporting_VVG the_AT conclusion_NN1 that_CST a_AT1 gender-just_JJ peace_NN1 is_VBZ more_RGR achievable_JJ when_CS local_JJ sources_NN2 of_IO authority_NN1 are_VBR given_VVN stronger_JJR recognition_NN1 in_II peacebuilding_VVG ._. 
</s>
<s>
At_II the_AT same_DA time_NNT1 ,_, the_AT necessity_NN1 or_CC added_JJ value_NN1 of_IO different_JJ and_CC more_RGR comprehensive_JJ indices_NN2 is_VBZ still_RR not_XX without_IW controversy_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
An_AT1 alternative_JJ explanation_NN1 to_II the_AT main_JJ findings_NN2 of_IO this_DD1 paper_NN1 is_VBZ that_CST voters_NN2 who_PNQS do_VD0 not_XX have_VHI enough_DD interest_NN1 in_II and_CC information_NN1 about_II local_JJ elections_NN2 simply_RR vote_VV0 for_IF the_AT first-listed_JJ candidates_NN2 in_II all_DB races_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
While_CS this_DD1 approach_NN1 sacrifices_VVZ the_AT advantages_NN2 offered_VVN by_II large-N_JJ studies_NN2 ,_, namely_REX generalization_NN1 ,_, it_PPH1 does_VDZ allow_VVI us_PPIO2 to_II more_RGR clearly_RR distinguish_VV0 the_AT impact_NN1 of_IO the_AT electoral_JJ system_NN1 versus_II cultural_JJ and_CC socio-economic_JJ effects_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
In_II the_AT words_NN2 of_IO Silvestri_NP1 (_( 2013_MC ,_, 109_MC )_) ,_, '_NULL the_AT postmodern_JJ wars_NN2 of_IO the_AT new_JJ millennium_NNT1 test_VV0 the_AT limits_NN2 of_IO our_APPGE tolerance_NN1 '_NULL ,_, being_VBG no_RR21 longer_RR22 tethered_VVN to_II the_AT finite_JJ spaces_NN2 and_CC times_NNT2 of_IO the_AT past_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Analyses_NN2 of_IO judicial_JJ rulings_NN2 on_II questions_NN2 of_IO executive_NN1 branch_NN1 overreach_NN1 reveal_VV0 that_CST the_AT courts_NN2 have_VH0 largely_RR refrained_VVN from_II directly_RR confronting_VVG the_AT president_NN1 ;_; when_CS they_PPHS2 do_VD0 rule_VVI on_II challenges_NN2 to_II presidential_JJ power_NN1 ,_, they_PPHS2 side_VV0 with_IW the_AT president_NN1 more_DAR than_CSN 80_MC percent_NNU of_IO the_AT time_NNT1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
For_IF one_PN1 ,_, scholars_NN2 have_VH0 pointed_VVN to_II the_AT necessity_NN1 of_IO capturing_VVG more_RGR gradual_JJ ,_, incremental_JJ and_CC less_RGR obvious_JJ or_CC '_NULL hidden_JJ '_NULL change_NN1 that_CST may_VM occur_VVI ,_, e.g._REX through_II institutional_JJ layering_NN1 ,_, drift_NN1 and_CC conversion_NN1 (_( for_IF an_AT1 overview_NN1 ,_, see_VV0 Hacker_NP1 ,_, Pierson_NP1 and_CC Thelen_NP1 2015_MC ;_; Mahoney_NP1 and_CC Thelen_NP1 2010_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
These_DD2 results_NN2 are_VBR not_XX drastically_RR different_JJ ._. 
</s>
<s>
He_PPHS1 offers_VVZ the_AT greatest_JJT example_NN1 of_IO pervasive_JJ developmental_JJ delay_NN1 in_II American_JJ political_JJ history_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
That_CST we_PPIS2 would_VM have_VHI found_VVN out_RP through_II an_AT1 inquiry_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Besides_RR ,_, a_AT1 high_JJ number_NN1 of_IO parties_NN2 can_VM also_RR mislead_VVI even_RR wellinformed_VVD voters_NN2 and_CC produce_VVI errors_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
However_RR ,_, the_AT Brazilian_JJ allies_NN2 he_PPHS1 identifiedparticularly_RR the_AT armed_JJ forces_NN2 and_CC the_AT general_NN1 publicseemed_VVD already_RR sympathetic_JJ to_II his_APPGE cause_NN1 (_( and_CC responsive_JJ to_II evolving_VVG domestic_JJ and_CC international_JJ circumstances_NN2 )_) ,_, rather_II21 than_II22 yielding_VVG to_II his_PPGE per_II suasion_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Building_VVG a_AT1 collaborative_JJ relationship_NN1 with_IW foreign_JJ energy_NN1 suppliers_NN2 ,_, for_REX21 example_REX22 ,_, is_VBZ one_MC1 of_IO the_AT Chinese_JJ government_NN1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 efforts_NN2 to_TO secure_VVI foreign_JJ energy_NN1 supply_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
After_II all_DB ,_, it_PPH1 is_VBZ meaningless_JJ to_II stage_NN1 the_AT performance_NN1 of_IO crying_NN1 and_CC screaming_VVG for_IF love_NN1 and_CC care_VV0 in_II31 front_II32 of_II33 those_DD2 who_PNQS are_VBR not_XX deemed_VVN to_TO be_VBI loving_JJ and_CC caring_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Or_CC is_VBZ it_PPH1 something_PN1 in_RL21 between_RL22 ?_? 
</s>
<s>
Party_NN1 polarization_NN1 has_VHZ eroded_VVN the_AT notion_NN1 that_CST politicians_NN2 need_VV0 to_TO govern_VVI from_II the_AT centre_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Under_II the_AT dynamic_JJ model_NN1 (_( column_NN1 3_MC )_) ,_, the_AT first_MD and_CC second_MD lag_NN1 of_IO the_AT dependent_JJ variable_NN1 are_VBR ,_, as_CSA expected_VVN ,_, both_RR highly_RR significant_JJ and_CC positive_JJ indicating_VVG that_DD1 last_MD years_NNT2 and_CC the_AT last_MD 2_MC years_NNT2 '_NULL political_JJ interest_NN1 affect_VV0 current_JJ political_JJ interest_NN1 '_NULL after_II accounting_VVG for_IF a_AT1 person_NN1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 long_JJ term_NN1 interest_NN1 &lsqb;_( ..._... &rsqb;_) and_CC the_AT effect_NN1 of_IO contemporary_JJ disturbances_NN2 '_NULL (_( Prior_RR ,_, 2010_MC :_: 758_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Russia_NP1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 cyber_NN1 operations_NN2 revealed_VVD ,_, in_II an_AT1 important_JJ measure_NN1 ,_, its_APPGE greater_JJR cyber_NN1 power_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Malaysia_NP1 has_VHZ seen_VVN sustained_JJ pre-electoral_JJ street_NN1 protests_NN2 and_CC perfunctory_JJ ,_, technocratic_JJ reforms_NN2 ,_, while_CS Cambodia_NP1 has_VHZ had_VHN short-term_JJ post-electoral_JJ protests_NN2 and_CC the_AT most_RGT substantive_JJ electoral_JJ reforms_NN2 in_II the_AT past_JJ few_DA2 years_NNT2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
However_RR ,_, 35%_NNU of_IO observations_NN2 only_RR had_VHN natural_JJ language_NN1 descriptions_NN2 of_IO the_AT location_NN1 and_CC 14%_NNU lacked_VVD location_NN1 identifiers_NN2 altogether_RR ,_, with_IW only_RR a_AT1 reporting_NN1 district_NN1 available_JJ (_( see_VV0 Table_NN1 III_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT left_NN1 represents_VVZ a_AT1 threat_NN1 in_II politics_NN1 ,_, it_PPH1 is_VBZ incompetent_JJ ,_, and_CC it_PPH1 has_VHZ been_VBN dominating_VVG the_AT transition_NN1 from_II socialism_NN1 to_II democracy_NN1 ,_, thus_RR still_RR retaining_VVG all_DB positions_NN2 of_IO power_NN1 as_CSA represented_VVN by_II state_NN1 institutions_NN2 ,_, the_AT media_NN ,_, economy_NN1 ,_, and_CC democracy_NN1 itself_PPX1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Continuing_VVG on_II this_DD1 track_NN1 and_CC taking_VVG this_DD1 reasoning_NN1 one_MC1 step_NN1 further_RRR ,_, this_DD1 present_JJ article_NN1 claims_VVZ that_CST this_DD1 relationship_NN1 also_RR depends_VVZ on_II the_AT exact_JJ nature_NN1 of_IO the_AT political_JJ institution_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT humanitarian_JJ emergency_NN1 ,_, however_RR ,_, continued_VVD off_II the_AT shore_NN1 of_IO Libya_NP1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Although_CS spontaneous_JJ in_II nature_NN1 ,_, the_AT storm_NN1 of_IO the_AT Tsar_NN1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 palace_NN1 took_VVD place_NN1 through_II the_AT workers_NN2 '_NULL and_CC soldiers_NN2 '_NULL councils_NN2 ,_, which_DDQ had_VHD been_VBN created_VVN in_II abundance_NN1 after_II the_AT February_NPM1 Revolution_NN1 of_IO 1917_MC ._. 
</s>
<s>
All_DB three_MC variables_NN2 are_VBR categorical_JJ and_CC measured_VVN on_II a_AT1 scale_NN1 from_II 0_MC (_( no_AT problems_NN2 )_) to_II 3_MC (_( major_JJ problems_NN2 )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
NAVCO_NP1 2.0_MC is_VBZ limited_VVN to_II dissident_JJ campaigns_NN2 where_RRQ the_AT underlying_JJ incompatibilities_NN2 are_VBR regime_NN1 change_NN1 ,_, institutional_JJ reform_NN1 ,_, major_JJ policy_NN1 change_NN1 ,_, territorial_JJ secession_NN1 ,_, or_CC greater_JJR autonomy_NN1 and_CC anti-occupation_NN1 in_II independent_JJ states_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
We_PPIS2 computed_VVD the_AT following_JJ explanatory_JJ variables_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Politics_NN1 becomes_VVZ daily_JJ practice_NN1 ,_, and_CC it_PPH1 is_VBZ necessary_JJ to_TO make_VVI decisions_NN2 concerning_II the_AT life_NN1 and_CC organisation_NN1 of_IO each_DD1 community_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
For_REX21 example_REX22 ,_, a_AT1 curriculum_NN1 expert_NN1 in_II the_AT UAE_NP1 recalled_VVD asking_VVG her_APPGE boss_NN1 why_RRQ her_APPGE contract_NN1 had_VHD been_VBN suddenly_RR terminated_VVN ,_, and_CC he_PPHS1 said_VVD vaguely_RR that_CST "_" someone_PN1 "_" had_VHD asked_VVN to_TO have_VHI her_APPGE visa_NN1 revoked_VVN ;_; the_AT official_JJ reason_NN1 given_VVN was_VBDZ that_CST it_PPH1 was_VBDZ "_" in_II the_AT public_JJ interest_NN1 ._. "_" 
</s>
<s>
Adopting_VVG a_AT1 legal_JJ realist_NN1 perspective_NN1 ,_, the_AT primary_JJ goal_NN1 of_IO this_DD1 Article_NN1 is_VBZ to_TO present_VVI and_CC apply_VVI an_AT1 analytic_JJ framework_NN1 that_CST helps_VVZ to_TO clarify_VVI the_AT trade-offs_NN2 of_IO different_JJ institutional_JJ options_NN2 for_IF international_JJ investment_NN1 law_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Throughout_II this_DD1 time_NNT1 of_IO transition_NN1 ,_, the_AT United_NP1 States_NP1 made_VVD active_JJ use_NN1 of_IO soft_JJ power_NN1 to_TO maintain_VVI its_APPGE hegemonic_JJ order_NN1 in_II Japan_NP1 and_CC the_AT Asia-Pacific_JJ ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT last_MD two_MC degrees_NN2 refer_VV0 to_II abilities_NN2 possessed_VVN by_II most_DAT rulers_NN2 ,_, such_II21 as_II22 minimum_NN1 and_CC verbal_JJ coercion_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
These_DD2 implications_NN2 are_VBR not_XX yet_RR properly_RR researched_VVN in_II academia_NN1 ,_, especially_RR in_II the_AT non-Western_JJ context_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT main_JJ goal_NN1 was_VBDZ to_TO contend_VVI with_IW the_AT major_JJ political_JJ machines_NN2 located_VVN in_II mega-cities_NN2 like_II Philadelphia_NP1 ,_, Chicago_NP1 ,_, and_CC New_NP1 York_NP1 City_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
In_II this_DD1 discussion_NN1 of_IO the_AT ideas_NN2 of_IO the_AT body_NN1 politic_NN1 from_II Aristotle_NP1 to_II Hobbes_NP1 the_AT route_NN1 between_II those_DD2 two_MC authors_NN2 is_VBZ charted_VVN via_II a_AT1 philosophical_JJ genre_NN1 now_RT little_RR studied_VVN but_CCB once_RR central_JJ to_II the_AT practice_NN1 of_IO philosophy_NN1 :_: the_AT commentary_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
All_DB three_MC principles_NN2 of_IO the_AT civilian_JJ power_NN1 narrativemultilateralism_NN1 ,_, antimilitarism_NN1 ,_, and_CC normative_JJ focus_NN1 on_II democracy_NN1 and_CC human_JJ rightswere_NN1 thus_RR not_XX only_RR present_VV0 here_RL but_CCB were_VBDR also_RR articulated_VVN much_RR more_RGR vocally_RR toward_II the_AT Kremlin_NP1 than_CSN at_II any_DD time_NNT1 since_II 1990_MC ._. 
</s>
<s>
Online_JJ posts_NN2 conveying_VVG a_AT1 moderate_JJ attitude_NN1 on_II this_DD1 issueneither_NN1 demonstrating_VVG acceptance_NN1 ,_, nor_CC rejection_NN1 ,_, with_IW the_AT Western-centric_JJ discourse_NN1 of_IO global_JJ terrorismwere_NN1 categorized_VVD into_II the_AT third_MD type_NN1 of_IO '_NULL The_AT point_NN1 of_IO view_NN1 '_NULL :_: the_AT moderate_JJ opinions_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
As_CSA could_VM be_VBI expected_VVN ,_, the_AT (_( log_NN1 )_) number_NN1 of_IO districts_NN2 in_II the_AT country_NN1 is_VBZ also_RR relevant_JJ in_II the_AT long_JJ term_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
This_DD1 level_NN1 of_IO detail_NN1 is_VBZ necessary_JJ to_TO track_VVI the_AT responsible_JJ ministers_NN2 and_CC hence_RR ,_, the_AT political_JJ party_NN1 compositions_NN2 in_II the_AT committeesfor_NN1 each_DD1 meeting_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Requiring_VVG a_AT1 corrupt_JJ motive_NN1 (_( as_CSA Miller_NP1 does_VDZ and_CC Warren_NP1 comes_VVZ close_RR to_II doing_VDG )_) would_VM not_XX capture_VVI conduct_NN1 in_II which_DDQ agents_NN2 are_VBR not_XX trying_VVG to_TO enrich_VVI themselves_PPX2 ,_, are_VBR acting_VVG openly_RR ,_, and_CC reasonably_RR believe_VV0 they_PPHS2 are_VBR merely_RR doing_VDG their_APPGE job_NN1 ,_, but_CCB nevertheless_RR engage_VV0 in_II practices_NN2 that_CST undermine_VV0 the_AT institution_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Through_II this_DD1 move_NN1 ,_, he_PPHS1 managed_VVD to_TO build_VVI a_AT1 majority_NN1 of_IO MEPs_NN2 of_IO EPP_NP1 ,_, S_ZZ1 &D;_NULL and_CC ALDE_NN1 that_CST endorsed_VVD the_AT EP_NN1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 mandate_NN1 for_IF the_AT trilogue_NN1 negotiations_NN2 in_II September_NPM1 2017_MC ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT oppressor_NN1 is_VBZ presented_VVN as_II an_AT1 invading_JJ alien_JJ force_NN1 that_CST should_VM be_VBI expelled_VVN from_II the_AT house_NN1 of_IO the_AT self_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
We_PPIS2 can_VM not_XX find_VVI evidence_NN1 on_II how_RRQ their_APPGE perceived_JJ influence_NN1 to_II government_NN1 mediates_VVZ their_APPGE participation_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
For_IF groups_NN2 with_IW headmen_NN2 ,_, the_AT corresponding_JJ figures_NN2 indicate_VV0 less_DAR use_NN1 of_IO inheritance_NN1 and_CC greater_JJR use_NN1 of_IO elections_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
We_PPIS2 identify_VV0 three_MC main_JJ strategies_NN2 that_CST researchers_NN2 and_CC practitioners_NN2 can_VM deploy_VVI ._. 
</s>
<s>
Moscow_NP1 has_VHZ accepted_VVN the_AT idea_NN1 of_IO integrating_VVG its_APPGE Eurasian_JJ Economic_JJ Union_NN1 with_IW China_NP1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 Belt_NP1 Road_NNL1 Initiative_NN1 ,_, and_CC how_RRQ this_DD1 plays_VVZ out_RP will_VM influence_VVI their_APPGE military_JJ cooperation_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Approaching_VVG Du_FW Bois_NP1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 work_VV0 through_II the_AT Heideggerian_JJ framework_NN1 outlined_VVN above_RL is_VBZ helpful_JJ in_II this_DD1 regard_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Some_DD non-electoral_JJ representatives_NN2 ,_, such_II21 as_II22 certain_JJ patient_JJ organisations_NN2 and_CC advisory_JJ councils_NN2 ,_, pay_VV0 specific_JJ attention_NN1 to_II vulnerable_JJ groups_NN2 ,_, including_II those_DD2 with_IW lower_JJR levels_NN2 of_IO literacy_NN1 ,_, homeless_JJ people_NN and_CC certain_JJ groups_NN2 of_IO non-western_JJ migrants_NN2 and_CC their_APPGE descendants_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
From_II the_AT outbreak_NN1 of_IO the_AT Franco-Viet_NP1 Minh_NP1 War_NN1 in_II 1946_MC ,_, French_JJ officials_NN2 ob_VV0 served_VVN with_IW apprehension_NN1 the_AT American_JJ media_NN '_NULL s_ZZ1 coverage_NN1 of_IO the_AT conflict_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
From_II the_AT vantage_NN1 of_IO comparative_JJ institutional_JJ analysis_NN1 ,_, the_AT potential_JJ complexity_NN1 ,_, delay_VV0 ,_, and_CC increased_JJ cost_NN1 of_IO complementarity_NN1 mechanisms_NN2 create_VV0 a_AT1 risk_NN1 of_IO minoritarian_JJ bias_NN1 ,_, since_CS large_JJ investors_NN2 with_IW large_JJ stakes_NN2 are_VBR better_RRR positioned_VVN than_CSN others_NN2 to_TO use_VVI such_DA mechanisms_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
A_AT1 key_JJ question_NN1 that_CST came_VVD to_TO be_VBI considered_VVN was_VBDZ which_DDQ nations_NN2 were_VBDR to_TO be_VBI counted_VVN as_CSA being_VBG part_NN1 of_IO this_DD1 international_JJ legal_JJ community_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Exports_NN2 in_II 1960_MC counted_VVD for_IF about_RG five_MC percent_NNU of_IO U.S._NP1 GDPabout_VV0 half_DB their_APPGE value_NN1 to_II Japan_NP1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 economy_NN1 and_CC one_MC1 quarter_NN1 their_APPGE value_NN1 to_II Britain_NP1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 economy_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
In_II one_MC1 of_IO the_AT few_DA2 previous_JJ studies_NN2 ,_, a_AT1 2016_MC comparative_JJ country_NN1 level_NN1 case_NN1 study_NN1 analysis_NN1 of_IO engagement_NN1 ,_, interest_NN1 in_II diplomatic_JJ Facebook_NN1 pages_NN2 was_VBDZ found_VVN to_TO vary_VVI greatly_RR ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT CIA_NP1 sent_VVD Schwarzkopf_NP1 to_II Tehran_NP1 to_TO convince_VVI the_AT shah_NN1 that_CST the_AT United_NP1 States_NP1 would_VM back_RP him_PPHO1 in_II an_AT1 emergency_NN1 and_CC would_VM ensure_VVI his_APPGE safety_NN1 during_II the_AT coup_NN1 against_II Mosaddeq_NP1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
After_CS that_DD1 meeting_NN1 ,_, the_AT shah_NN1 agreed_VVD to_TO sign_VVI a_AT1 firman_NN1 to_TO dismiss_VVI the_AT prime_JJ minister_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT assumption_NN1 is_VBZ that_CST complaints_NN2 which_DDQ present_VV0 photographic_JJ ,_, audio_JJ or_CC filmed_JJ evidence_NN1 are_VBR more_RGR likely_JJ to_TO be_VBI resolved_VVN than_CSN those_DD2 without_IW such_DA evidence_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Many_DA2 of_IO the_AT leading_JJ figures_NN2 in_II the_AT party_NN1 ,_, including_II Hamon_NP1 and_CC the_AT party_NN1 first_MD secretary_NN1 ,_, Jean-Christophe_NP1 Cambadélis_NP1 ,_, were_VBDR defeated_VVN in_II the_AT parliamentary_JJ election_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
With_IW more_DAR emphasis_NN1 on_II transmission_NN1 ,_, database_NN1 ,_, and_CC data_NN processing_NN1 elements_NN2 of_IO the_AT OTT_NN1 video_NN1 streaming_VVG ser_JJR vices_NN2 ,_, the_AT US_NP1 could_VM push_VVI hard_RR its_APPGE trading_NN1 partners_NN2 ,_, including_II the_AT EU_NP1 ,_, to_TO undertake_VVI a_AT1 market_NN1 opening_NN1 commitment_NN1 on_II each_DD1 element_NN1 of_IO OTT_NP1 VSS_NP1 at_II trade_NN1 negotiations_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT Women_NN2 '_NULL s_ZZ1 Budget_NN1 Group_NN1 (_( 2016_MC )_) estimated_VVD that_CST lone_JJ parent_NN1 families_NN2 –_- 92%_NNU of_IO which_DDQ are_VBR headed_VVN by_II women_NN2 –_- witnessed_VVD the_AT greatest_JJT reduction_NN1 in_II disposable_JJ income_NN1 due_JJ to_TO tax_VVI and_CC benefit_VVI changes_NN2 ,_, including_II the_AT freezing_JJ of_IO Child_NN1 Benefit_NN1 (_( of_IO which_DDQ women_NN2 comprise_VV0 98%_NNU of_IO recipients_NN2 )_) (_( Campbell_NP1 ,_, 2010_MC )_) ,_, reductions_NN2 in_II Working_VVG Tax_NN1 Credit_NN1 from_II 80%_NNU to_II 70%_NNU ,_, and_CC the_AT tapering_JJ of_IO Child_NN1 Benefit_NN1 paid_VVN to_II individuals_NN2 with_IW a_AT1 family_NN1 earning_VVG over_RG #50,000_NNU per_II year_NNT1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
This_DD1 represents_VVZ an_AT1 "_" intellectual_JJ revolution_NN1 whereby_RRQ the_AT demos_NN2 overturn_VV0 conventional_JJ police_NN2 logics_NN2 that_CST reify_VV0 '_NULL the_AT inferiority_NN1 of_IO their_APPGE intelligence_NN1 ._. '_NULL "_" 
</s>
<s>
They_PPHS2 were_VBDR most_RGT reluctant_JJ to_TO change_VVI the_AT status_NN121 quo_NN122 and_CC abandon_VV0 their_APPGE privileged_JJ status_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT sections_NN2 above_RL examined_VVD the_AT criticism_NN1 that_CST some_DD environmental_JJ advocates_NN2 and_CC climate_NN1 activists_NN2 have_VH0 directed_VVN at_II the_AT AIIB_NN1 ,_, for_IF ,_, in_II their_APPGE views_NN2 ,_, not_XX meeting_VVG its_APPGE Paris_NP1 and_CC SDG_NP1 commitments_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Many_DA2 studies_NN2 of_IO deliberation_NN1 ,_, thus_RR ,_, have_VH0 focused_VVN on_II decision-making_JJ practices_NN2 of_IO legislative_JJ bodies_NN2 (_( B?chtiger_NP1 et_RA21 al_RA22 ._. 
</s>
<s>
2007_MC )_) or_CC specific_JJ empowered_JJ public_JJ bodies_NN2 such_II21 as_II22 juries_NN2 (_( Sunstein_NP1 2002_MC )_) ,_, advisory_JJ boards_NN2 (_( Warren_NP1 and_CC Gastil_NP1 2015_MC )_) ,_, or_CC deliberative_JJ polls_NN2 (_( Fishkin_NP1 1995_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Accordingly_RR ,_, Kongkirati_NP1 (_( 2014_MC )_) observed_VVD fewer_DAR incidences_NN2 of_IO violence_NN1 in_II recent_JJ elections_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT first_MD is_VBZ clearly_RR aristocratic_JJ as_CSA it_PPH1 is_VBZ characteristic_JJ of_IO the_AT noble_NN1 who_PNQS honors_VVZ others_NN2 for_IF their_APPGE equal_JJ sense_NN1 of_IO superiority_NN1 and_CC confidence_NN1 in_II their_APPGE own_DA egos_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
In_II31 comparison_II32 with_II33 the_AT other_JJ Nordic_JJ countries_NN2 ,_, Sweden_NP1 had_VHD relatively_RR few_DA2 parties_NN2 in_II 1960_MC ._. 
</s>
<s>
From_II this_DD1 realist_NN1 norm_NN1 follows_VVZ ,_, so_CS I_PPIS1 argue_VV0 ,_, that_CST the_AT EU_NP1 should_VM take_VVI the_AT form_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 demoicratic_JJ confederacy_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Henrikson_NP1 (_( 2013_MC ,_, 276_MC )_) similarly_RR emphasizes_VVZ that_CST "_" diplomatic_JJ engage_VV0 ment_NN1 does_VDZ not_XX automatically_RR entail_VVI political_JJ agreement_NN1 or_CC compromise_NN1 ,_, "_" while_CS Kupchan_NP1 (_( 2010_MC ,_, 123_MC )_) argues_VVZ that_CST "_" offers_NN2 of_IO accommodation_NN1 may_VM need_VVI to_TO be_VBI bal_JJ anced_JJ with_IW threats_NN2 of_IO confrontation_NN1 ._. "_" 
</s>
<s>
The_AT question_NN1 of_IO how_RRQ gender_NN1 affects_VVZ domestic_JJ audiences_NN2 is_VBZ thus_RR likely_JJ to_TO vary_VVI by_II context_NN1 and_CC is_VBZ a_AT1 fruitful_JJ topic_NN1 for_IF future_JJ research_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT notion_NN1 that_CST all_DB our_APPGE associations_NN2 can_VM be_VBI voluntary_JJ is_VBZ quite_RG precisely_RR ,_, as_CSA Marx_NP1 says_VVZ in_II the_AT Grundrisse_NN1 ,_, only_RR the_AT '_NULL idealized_JJ expression_NN1 '_NULL of_IO '_NULL the_AT exchange_NN1 of_IO exchange_NN1 values_NN2 '_NULL ,_, the_AT market_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Providing_VVG additional_JJ evidence_NN1 for_IF bans_NN2 as_II a_AT1 policy_NN1 reward_NN1 ,_, the_AT censors_NN2 most_RGT directly_RR linked_VVN to_II Opus_NP1 Dei_NP1 were_VBDR most_RGT likely_JJ to_TO vote_VVI to_TO ban_VVI films_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT data_NN were_VBDR encoded_VVN at_II the_AT theme_NN1 level_NN1 and_CC analysed_VVN in_II the_AT context_NN1 of_IO the_AT fishermen_NN2 '_NULL s_ZZ1 attitude_NN1 towards_II sharing_VVG spatial_JJ knowledge_NN1 and_CC their_APPGE perception_NN1 of_IO threats_NN2 to_II fisheries_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Then_RT ,_, we_PPIS2 might_VM ask_VVI the_AT following_JJ questions_NN2 :_: What_DDQ type_NN1 of_IO village_NN1 cadres_NN2 do_VD0 local_JJ governments_NN2 favor_VV0 ?_? 
</s>
<s>
They_PPHS2 might_VM strategically_RR push_VVI the_AT salient_JJ boundary_NN1 line_NN1 further_RRR out_RP in_BCL21 order_BCL22 to_TO claim_VVI credit_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Following_VVG the_AT Communication_NN1 on_II CBSD_NP1 ,_, ten_MC EU_NP1 member_NN1 states_NN2 tabled_VVD an_AT1 informal_JJ '_NULL food_NN1 for_IF thought_NN1 paper_NN1 '_NULL at_II the_AT Foreign_JJ Affairs_NN2 Council_NN1 in_II April_NPM1 2016_MC to_TO put_VVI further_JJR pressure_NN1 on_II the_AT Commission_NN1 to_TO propose_VVI a_AT1 plan_NN1 for_IF the_AT quick_JJ implementation_NN1 of_IO CBSD_NP1 (_( CONCORD_NP1 2018_MC :_: 6_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
This_DD1 indicates_VVZ that_CST PNL_NP1 obtained_VVD most_DAT of_IO its_APPGE votes_NN2 in_II the_AT rural_JJ world_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Six_MC legislative_JJ committees_NN2 were_VBDR established_VVN in_II 1983_MC ,_, but_CCB it_PPH1 took_VVD more_DAR than_CSN a_AT1 decade_NNT1 for_IF the_AT system_NN1 to_TO be_VBI stabilized_VVN during_II the_AT 9th_MD NPC_NP1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT ways_NN2 in_II which_DDQ China_NP1 governs_VVZ its_APPGE film_NN1 sector_NN1 to_TO serve_VVI its_APPGE political_JJ objec_NN1 tives_NN2 ,_, together_RL with_IW its_APPGE complex_JJ censorship_NN1 mechanism_NN1 ,_, are_VBR the_AT main_JJ obstacles_NN2 that_CST have_VH0 constrained_VVN the_AT promotion_NN1 of_IO soft_JJ power_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
If_CS any_DD philosopher_NN1 is_VBZ the_AT proximate_JJ source_NN1 of_IO Marx_NP1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 turn_VV0 to_II praxis_NN1 ,_, then_RT it_PPH1 would_VM be_VBI the_AT follower_NN1 of_IO Gottlob_NP1 Fichte_NP1 ,_, Moses_NP1 Hess_NP1 (_( 1964_MC &lsqb;_( 1843_MC &rsqb;_) )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
A_AT1 rigorous_JJ re-development_NN1 of_IO historical_JJ materialist_NN1 theory_NN1 ,_, in_II the_AT Marxist_JJ tradition_NN1 ,_, can_VM help_VVI in_II situating_VVG China_NP1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 social_JJ formation_NN1 within_II both_DB2 the_AT five_MC millennia_NNT2 of_IO Chinese_JJ history_NN1 ,_, on_II the_AT one_MC1 hand_NN1 ;_; and_CC the_AT political_JJ economy_NN1 of_IO the_AT capitalist_JJ world_NN1 system_NN1 within_II which_DDQ China_NP1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 current_JJ development_NN1 proceeds_NN2 ,_, on_II the_AT other_JJ ._. 
</s>
<s>
Additional_JJ motivation_NN1 for_IF the_AT protests_NN2 was_VBDZ the_AT protection_NN1 of_IO the_AT basic_JJ freedoms_NN2 and_CC liberties_NN2 ,_, which_DDQ deteriorated_VVD as_II the_AT elections_NN2 were_VBDR approaching_VVG ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT provision_NN1 of_IO peasant_NN1 apartments_NN2 is_VBZ therefore_RR instrumental_JJ in_II the_AT implementation_NN1 of_IO this_DD1 scheme_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
If_CS a_AT1 TC_NP1 only_RR covers_VVZ a_AT1 Single_JJ Member_NN1 Constituency_NN1 (_( SMC_NN1 )_) ,_, the_AT MP_NN1 for_IF that_DD1 constituency_NN1 will_VM become_VVI the_AT TC_NP1 chairman_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
This_DD1 distinction_NN1 ,_, coined_VVN by_II canonist_NN1 Hostiensis_NN1 ,_, is_VBZ a_AT1 refinement_NN1 of_IO the_AT concept_NN1 of_IO plenitudo_NN1 potestatis_NN1 ,_, and_CC had_VHD crucial_JJ implications_NN2 well_RR into_II the_AT Early_JJ Modern_JJ period_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Unrest_NN1 is_VBZ defined_VVN as_CSA mobilizations_NN2 of_IO oppos_NN2 ition_NN1 groups_NN2 against_II sitting_VVG governments_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
I_PPIS1 provide_VV0 several_DA2 examples_NN2 of_IO this_DD1 failure_NN1 in_II the_AT next_MD section_NN1 ,_, but_CCB two_MC examples_NN2 will_VM suffice_VVI here_RL ._. 
</s>
<s>
This_DD1 raises_VVZ the_AT question_NN1 ,_, however_RR ,_, of_IO how_RRQ to_TO translate_VVI them_PPHO2 into_II more_RGR concrete_JJ measures_NN2 aimed_VVN at_II cultivating_VVG the_AT capacity_NN1 for_IF metalinguistic_JJ awareness_NN1 in_II the_AT everyday_JJ life_NN1 of_IO democratic_JJ institutions_NN2 and_CC in_II civic_JJ life_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
In_II early_JJ January_NPM1 1952_MC ,_, Pratt_NP1 obtained_VVD the_AT CIA_NP1 warning_NN1 from_II the_AT previous_JJ January_NPM1 regarding_II electromagnetic_JJ warfare_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
MNCs_NP1 may_VM have_VHI less_DAR incentive_NN1 to_TO train_VVI or_CC may_VM provide_VVI suboptimal_JJ level_NN1 of_IO training_NN1 to_II local_JJ staff_NN as_CSA high-skilled_JJ scientists_NN2 and_CC engineers_NN2 become_VV0 mobile_NN1 once_RR trained_VVN ._. 
</s>
<s>
Nevertheless_RR ,_, though_CS difficult_JJ ,_, institutional_JJ change_NN1 in_II the_AT direction_NN1 of_IO inclusiveness_NN1 can_VM occur_VVI when_RRQ "_" critical_JJ junctures_NN2 "_" disrupt_VV0 the_AT existing_JJ political_JJ and_CC economic_JJ balance_NN1 in_II society_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Whereas_CS the_AT OAU_NP1 consid_NN1 ered_VVD state_NN1 sovereignty_NN1 sacrosanct_JJ ,_, the_AT AU_FO now_RT allows_VVZ the_AT undermining_NN1 of_IO sover_NN1 eignty_NN1 in_II specific_JJ circumstances_NN2 ,_, namely_REX genocide_NN1 ,_, war_NN1 crimes_NN2 and_CC crimes_NN2 against_II humanity_NN1 (_( AU_FO 2000_MC ,_, Article_NN1 4h_FO )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT finding_NN1 that_CST career_NN1 politicians_NN2 are_VBR more_RGR likely_JJ to_TO rebel_VVI challenges_NN2 conventional_JJ wisdom_NN1 and_CC provides_VVZ an_AT1 important_JJ empirical_JJ foundation_NN1 for_IF the_AT ongoing_JJ debate_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Rokkan_NP1 (_( 1970_MC )_) himself_PPX1 notes_VVZ that_CST ,_, although_CS the_AT bourgeois_JJ parties_NN2 were_VBDR not_XX willing_JJ to_TO put_VVI aside_RL their_APPGE differences_NN2 to_TO join_VVI forces_NN2 in_II a_AT1 single_JJ list_NN1 ,_, "_" they_PPHS2 were_VBDR anxious_JJ to_TO increase_VVI their_APPGE representation_NN1 through_II provisions_NN2 for_IF electoral_JJ cartels_NN2 "_" (_( p._NNU 159_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Many_DA2 celebrated_VVD the_AT '_NULL Paris_NP1 rise_NN1 '_NULL as_II the_AT achievement_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 tipping_NN1 point_NN1 whereby_RRQ a_AT1 critical_JJ mass_NN1 of_IO corporations_NN2 across_II all_DB sectors_NN2 stepped_VVD up_RP to_TO decarbonize_VVI their_APPGE operations_NN2 away_II21 from_II22 fossil_NN1 fuels_NN2 and_CC help_VV0 drive_VVI forward_RL a_AT1 clean_JJ energy_NN1 economy_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT neurotic_JJ is_VBZ the_AT Big_JJ Other_JJ '_NULL s_ZZ1 quintessential_JJ subject_NN1 ,_, the_AT alienated_JJ subject_NN1 called_VVN into_II question_NN1 by_II the_AT desire_NN1 for_IF the_AT desire_NN1 of_IO the_AT Big_JJ Other_JJ ._. 
</s>
<s>
In_II the_AT end_NN1 ,_, the_AT regime_NN1 would_VM move_VVI decisively_RR towards_II the_AT latter_DA position_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
In_II a_AT1 survey_NN1 experiment_NN1 fielded_VVN on_II 2,192_MC U.S.-based_JJ respondents_NN2 via_II Amazon_NP1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 Mechanical_JJ Turk_NN1 (_( MTurk_NP1 )_) in_II July_NPM1 and_CC October_NPM1 2016_MC ,_, we_PPIS2 used_VVD a_AT1 survey_NN1 instrument_NN1 virtually_RR identical_JJ to_II the_AT one_PN1 described_VVN above_RL ,_, but_CCB with_IW one_MC1 important_JJ difference_NN1 :_: Rather_II21 than_II22 describing_VVG the_AT U.S.–China_NP1 relationship_NN1 ,_, we_PPIS2 described_VVD relations_NN2 with_IW Russia_NP1 ,_, another_DD1 country_NN1 that_CST is_VBZ widely_RR viewed_VVN as_II a_AT1 distrusted_JJ enemy_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Although_CS these_DD2 response_NN1 rates_NN2 are_VBR similar_JJ to_II comparable_JJ studies_NN2 (_( see_VV0 ,_, for_REX21 example_REX22 ,_, Dür_NP1 &;_NULL Mateo_NP1 ,_, 2013_MC ;_; Eising_NP1 ,_, 2009_MC )_) ,_, the_AT difference_NN1 between_II the_AT two_MC countries_NN2 is_VBZ potentially_RR problematic_JJ ._. 
</s>
<s>
This_DD1 does_VDZ not_XX mean_VVI ,_, though_CS ,_, that_DD1 populist_JJ fantasies_NN2 are_VBR destined_VVN to_TO fail_VVI ,_, since_CS it_PPH1 is_VBZ precisely_RR this_DD1 fall_NN1 ing_VVG short_JJ ,_, and_CC the_AT identification_NN1 of_IO obstacles_NN2 responsible_JJ for_IF this_DD1 ,_, which_DDQ pro_NN1 vides_VVZ the_AT grounds_NN2 on_II which_DDQ fantasies_NN2 can_VM be_VBI reinvigorated_VVN ._. 
</s>
<s>
Those_DD2 that_CST fail_VV0 and_CC preside_VV0 over_II deteriorating_JJ relations_NN2 between_II the_AT host_NN1 nation_NN1 and_CC the_AT US_NP1 are_VBR likely_JJ to_TO be_VBI replaced_VVN ._. 
</s>
<s>
When_CS I_PPIS1 was_VBDZ in_II China_NP1 for_IF the_AT first_MD time_NNT1 ,_, in_II 1989_MC ,_, I_PPIS1 had_VHD no_AT doubt_NN1 that_CST it_PPH1 was_VBDZ a_AT1 socialist_JJ state_NN1 ,_, though_CS that_DD1 socialism_NN1 was_VBDZ different_JJ from_II the_AT one_PN1 I_PPIS1 knew_VVD better_RRR from_II the_AT Central_JJ and_CC Eastern_JJ European_NN1 (_( CEE_NP1 )_) countries_NN2 and_CC the_AT Soviet_JJ Union_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT normative_JJ objective_NN1 is_VBZ to_TO give_VVI voice_NN1 to_II the_AT marginalized_JJ ,_, contesting_VVG and_CC breaking_VVG "_" the_AT boundaries_NN2 between_II the_AT public_NN1 and_CC private_JJ "_" (_( p._NNU 311_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
This_DD1 approach_NN1 has_VHZ been_VBN most_RGT often_RR used_VVN to_TO study_VVI pref_NN1 erences_NN2 over_II trade_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Contemporary_JJ scholarship_NN1 on_II populism_NN1 can_VM be_VBI divided_VVN into_II two_MC broad_JJ groups_NN2 :_: one_MC1 more_RGR attentive_JJ to_II the_AT circumstances_NN2 or_CC social_JJ conditions_NN2 of_IO populism_NN1 and_CC one_PN1 mainly_RR interested_JJ in_II populism_NN1 itself_PPX1 ,_, its_APPGE political_JJ nature_NN1 and_CC characteristics_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Agenor_NN1 and_CC Canuto_NP1 (_( 2012_MC )_) show_VV0 how_RRQ a_AT1 low-growth_JJ trap_NN1 could_VM occur_VVI in_II a_AT1 model_NN1 of_IO an_AT1 endogenous_JJ occu_NN1 pational_JJ choice_NN1 ,_, access_NN1 to_II basic_JJ public_JJ infrastructure_NN1 (_( e.g._REX roads_NN2 ,_, electricity_NN1 ,_, and_CC basic_JJ telecommunications_NN2 )_) and_CC advanced_JJ public_JJ infrastructure_NN1 (_( e.g._REX broadband_NN1 and_CC other_JJ advanced_JJ information_NN1 and_CC communication_NN1 technologies_NN2 )_) ,_, and_CC knowledge_NN1 network_NN1 externalities_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT logic_NN1 of_IO this_DD1 view_NN1 is_VBZ that_DD1 Independent_JJ status_NN1 is_VBZ not_XX adequately_RR characterized_VVN as_CSA nonpartisanship_NN1 but_CCB ,_, in_II the_AT United_NP1 States_NP1 at_RR21 least_RR22 ,_, as_CSA a_AT1 distinct_JJ political_JJ identity_NN1 that_CST entails_VVZ antipartisanship_NN1 (_( Rosenblum_NP1 2008_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Transnational_JJ initiatives_NN2 ,_, which_DDQ link_VV0 voluntary_JJ climate_NN1 action_NN1 across_II borders_NN2 ,_, have_VH0 substantially_RR expanded_VVN since_CS the_AT late_JJ 1990s_MC2 (_( Andonova_NP1 ,_, Hale_NP1 ,_, and_CC Roger_NP1 2018_MC ;_; Bulkeley_NP1 et_RA21 al_RA22 ._. 
</s>
<s>
2014_MC ;_; Hoffmann_NP1 2011_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Firstly_RR ,_, this_DD1 may_VM seem_VVI to_TO contradict_VVI the_AT claim_NN1 that_CST the_AT pathe_NN1 are_VBR essential_JJ to_II rhetoric_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Seeking_VVG to_TO ensure_VVI the_AT plot_NN1 was_VBDZ at_RR21 least_RR22 somewhat_RR plausible_JJ ,_, Lasker_NP1 ,_, who_PNQS lived_VVD just_RR a_AT1 few_DA2 blocks_NN2 from_II RAND_NP1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 Santa_NP1 Monica_NP1 offices_NN2 ,_, contacted_VVD the_AT think_NN1 tank_NN1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 public_JJ affairs_NN2 office_NN1 to_TO see_VVI if_CSW he_PPHS1 could_VM question_VVI one_MC1 of_IO their_APPGE computer_NN1 scientists_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT fieldwork_NN1 reveals_VVZ that_CST they_PPHS2 were_VBDR ridiculed_VVN by_II some_DD relocated_JJ households_NN2 as_CSA '_NULL fifty_MC cents_NNU2 '_NULL (_( wumao_NN1 ,_, meaning_VVG state-sponsored_JJ commentators_NN2 )_) ,_, while_CS they_PPHS2 had_VHD tried_VVN hard_RR to_TO protect_VVI the_AT rights_NN2 of_IO the_AT relocation_NN1 households_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Yet_RR it_PPH1 is_VBZ hard_JJ to_TO escape_VVI the_AT ethnic_JJ dimensions_NN2 that_CST exist_VV0 between_II the_AT nominal_JJ Ukrainian-speaking_JJ and_CC Russian-speaking_JJ communities_NN2 in_II Ukraine_NP1 ,_, which_DDQ are_VBR the_AT focus_NN1 of_IO much_DA1 of_IO the_AT existing_JJ literature_NN1 around_II the_AT ethnopolitics_NN1 of_IO the_AT former_DA Soviet_JJ Union_NN1 (_( Furtado_NP1 &;_NULL Hechter_NP1 1992_MC ;_; Brubaker_NP1 1994_MC ;_; Smith_NP1 &;_NULL Wilson_NP1 1997_MC ;_; Sasse_NP1 2002_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Recently_RR ,_, Bonnie_NP1 Honig_NP1 has_VHZ drawn_VVN on_II this_DD1 Tocquevillian_JJ ideal_JJ to_TO reassert_VVI the_AT importance_NN1 of_IO "_" public_JJ things_NN2 ,_, "_" objects_NN2 of_IO common_JJ concern_NN1 that_CST "_" press_VV0 us_PPIO2 into_II relations_NN2 with_IW others_NN2 ,_, "_" encourage_VV0 us_PPIO2 to_TO "_" act_VVI in_II concert_NN1 ,_, "_" and_CC "_" provide_VV0 a_AT1 basis_NN1 around_II which_DDQ to_TO organize_VVI ,_, contest_NN1 ,_, mobilize_VV0 ,_, defend_VV0 ,_, or_CC reimagine_VV0 various_JJ modes_NN2 of_IO collective_NN1 being_VBG together_RL in_II a_AT1 democracy_NN1 "_" (_( 2017_MC ,_, 80_MC ,_, 6–7_MCMC ,_, 24_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
One_MC1 strand_NN1 is_VBZ based_VVN on_II the_AT liberal_JJ Enlightenment_NN1 ideas_NN2 of_IO the_AT founding_JJ fathers_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Unfortunately_RR ,_, though_CS this_DD1 strategic_JJ conception_NN1 of_IO class_NN1 consciousness_NN1 illuminates_VVZ the_AT necessarily_RR political_JJ dimension_NN1 of_IO socialist_JJ practice_NN1 ,_, Kautsky_NP1 didn_VV0 '_NULL t_ZZ1 adequately_RR explore_VV0 its_APPGE practical_JJ consequences_NN2 (_( Shan-dro_NN1 ,_, 2014_MC ,_, 9_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
As_CSA we_PPIS2 are_VBR concerned_JJ with_IW the_AT impact_NN1 of_IO sanctions_NN2 on_II the_AT entire_JJ economy_NN1 of_IO the_AT member_NN1 state_NN1 and_CC the_AT possible_JJ effects_NN2 this_DD1 may_VM have_VHI on_II MEPs_NN2 attitudes_NN2 regarding_II the_AT sanctions_NN2 ,_, it_PPH1 is_VBZ logical_JJ to_TO measure_VVI trade_NN1 with_IW Russia_NP1 relative_II21 to_II22 the_AT GDP_NN1 of_IO the_AT state_NN1 in_II question_NN1 rather_II21 than_II22 only_JJ as_II a_AT1 pro_JJ portion_NN1 of_IO total_JJ trade_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Setting_VVG carbon_NN1 reduction_NN1 targets_NN2 that_CST extend_VV0 across_II the_AT supply_NN1 chain_NN1 (_( ad_NN1 dressing_VVG scope_NN1 3_MC emissions_NN2 )_) ,_, although_CS highly_RR inconsistent_JJ ,_, is_VBZ also_RR a_AT1 rising_JJ trend_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Such_DA views_NN2 are_VBR summarized_VVN by_II Yang_NP1 (_( 2009_MC :_: 3_MC )_) as_CSA "_" online_JJ activism_NN1 ,_, "_" an_AT1 "_" Internet-based_JJ collective_JJ action_NN1 ._. "_" 
</s>
<s>
On_II the_AT other_JJ hand_NN1 ,_, while_CS the_AT positive_JJ effect_NN1 of_IO strength_NN1 of_IO party_NN1 identification_NN1 on_II correct_JJ voting_NN1 also_RR noticeably_RR increases_VVZ at_II the_AT highest_JJT levels_NN2 of_IO elite_NN1 polarization_NN1 observed_VVN in_II our_APPGE data_NN ,_, this_DD1 interaction_NN1 is_VBZ nowhere_RL near_II statistical_JJ significance_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT general_JJ idea_NN1 that_CST normativity_NN1 is_VBZ derived_VVN from_II an_AT1 account_NN1 of_IO good_JJ agency_NN1 –_- and_CC moreover_RR that_DD1 good_JJ agency_NN1 is_VBZ rational_JJ in_II character_NN1 –_- is_VBZ central_JJ to_II enlightenment_NN1 liberal_JJ moral_JJ theories_NN2 ,_, such_II21 as_II22 Kant_NP1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 (_( Korsgaard_NP1 ,_, 1996_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
To_TO add_VVI insult_NN1 to_II injury_NN1 ,_, previous_JJ to_II these_DD2 Acts_NN2 ,_, the_AT small_JJ tenants_NN2 were_VBDR not_XX even_RR entitled_VVN to_II any_DD rebate_NN1 from_II the_AT landlord_NN1 for_IF the_AT investments_NN2 they_PPHS2 might_VM have_VHI made_VVN in_II their_APPGE plots_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Concerns_NN2 about_II Soviet_JJ jamming_NN1 and_CC its_APPGE effects_NN2 also_RR motivated_VVN the_AT final_JJ report_NN1 of_IO the_AT Project_NN1 Troy_NP1 team_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Our_APPGE second_MD hypothesis_NN1 is_VBZ an_AT1 elaboration_NN1 of_IO the_AT first_MD one_PN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
It_PPH1 is_VBZ very_RG likely_JJ that_CST in_II the_AT age_NN1 of_IO the_AT Anthropocene_NP1 ,_, ecological_JJ challenges_NN2 to_II capitalism_NN1 will_VM be_VBI critical_JJ in_II stemming_VVG its_APPGE destructive_JJ tendencies_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT results_NN2 ,_, on_II balance_NN1 ,_, have_VH0 been_VBN more_RGR positive_JJ than_CSN negative_JJ ._. 
</s>
<s>
This_DD1 development_NN1 trajectory_NN1 was_VBDZ formulated_VVN by_II Kuznet_NP1 (_( 1955_MC )_) in_II his_APPGE inverted_JJ u-curved_JJ hypothesis_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
In_II31 response_II32 to_II33 Singapore_NP1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 request_VV0 for_IF access_NN1 to_II Indonesian_JJ waters_NN2 for_IF training_NN1 purposes_NN2 ,_, the_AT resulting_JJ DCA_NN1 included_VVD a_AT1 seemingly_RR benign_JJ implementing_VVG arrangement_NN1 that_CST designated_VVD an_AT1 "_" Area_NN1 Bravo_NN1 "_" southwest_ND1 of_IO Indonesia_NP1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 Natuna_NP1 Islands_NNL2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Models_NN2 (_( 1_MC1 )_) and_CC (_( 2_MC )_) reproduce_VV0 regressions_NN2 (_( 1_MC1 )_) and_CC (_( 2_MC )_) from_II Table_NN1 8_MC while_CS model_NN1 (_( 3_MC )_) '_NULL s_ZZ1 dependent_JJ variable_NN1 is_VBZ the_AT number_NN1 of_IO registered_JJ crimes_NN2 published_VVN by_II the_AT federal_JJ statistical_JJ service_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT invocation_NN1 of_IO the_AT "_" whistleblower_NN1 "_" mantle_NN1 is_VBZ often_RR contested_VVN ,_, and_CC so_RG too_RR is_VBZ the_AT characterization_NN1 of_IO adverse_JJ employment_NN1 consequences_NN2 as_CSA "_" retaliation_NN1 ._. "_" 
</s>
<s>
Based_VVN on_II our_APPGE fieldwork_NN1 ,_, we_PPIS2 argue_VV0 that_CST the_AT process_NN1 of_IO "_" peasant_NN1 elevation_NN1 "_" has_VHZ had_VHN a_AT1 monumental_JJ impact_NN1 on_II rural_JJ China_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
In_II a_AT1 survey_NN1 that_CST was_VBDZ administered_VVN to_II 1,092_MC U.S.based_NP1 subjects_NN2 in_II February_NPM1 2016_MC using_VVG MTurk_NP1 ,_, we_PPIS2 again_RT introduced_VVD the_AT Russia_NP1 scenario_NN1 but_CCB also_RR described_VVN a_AT1 different_JJ act_NN1 of_IO rapprochement_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Among_II these_DD2 instruments_NN2 are_VBR what_DDQ this_DD1 Article_NN1 calls_VVZ "_" fiscal_JJ fail-safes_NN2 ,_, "_" devices_NN2 designed_VVN to_TO achieve_VVI full_JJ taxation_NN1 by_II assuring_VVG that_CST if_CS one_MC1 state_NN1 does_VDZ not_XX tax_VVI all_DB of_IO a_AT1 company_NN1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 income_NN1 ,_, another_DD1 state_NN1 will_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
In_II China_NP1 ,_, where_RRQ the_AT political_JJ system_NN1 has_VHZ remained_VVN authoritarian_JJ ,_, leadership_NN1 travel_NN1 particularly_RR reflects_VVZ top_JJ leaders_NN2 '_NULL preferences_NN2 and_CC inclinations_NN2 toward_II specific_JJ countries_NN2 they_PPHS2 are_VBR to_TO visit_VVI ._. 
</s>
<s>
For_IF the_AT starting_NN1 values_NN2 β_NULL 1_MC1 ,_, p_ZZ1 we_PPIS2 use_VV0 normal_JJ distributions_NN2 with_IW variance_NN1 1_MC1 and_CC the_AT maximum_JJ likelihood_NN1 estimated_VVN for_IF t_ZZ1 =_FO 1_MC1 as_II the_AT mean_JJ in_II both_DB2 models_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Of_IO the_AT 35_MC members_NN2 of_IO the_AT ANC_NP1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 National_JJ Executive_NN1 elected_VVN in_II 1985_MC ,_, 21_MC belonged_VVD to_II the_AT party_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
In_II the_AT former_DA ,_, both_DB2 the_AT policy_NN1 instruments_NN2 and_CC the_AT institutional_JJ configuration_NN1 of_IO the_AT Central_JJ Bank_NN1 were_VBDR oriented_VVN to_TO build_VVI a_AT1 credible_JJ monetary_JJ authority_NN1 that_CST could_VM restrain_VVI demand-side_JJ pressures_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
For_IF what_DDQ would_VM it_PPH1 even_RR mean_VVI to_TO object_VVI to_II sex_NN1 ?_? 
</s>
<s>
For_IF Suzuki_NP1 ,_, when_CS you_PPY sit_VV0 with_IW simple_JJ presence_NN1 ,_, "_" without_IW gaining_VVG ideas_NN2 ,_, without_IW any_DD expectations_NN2 ,_, even_RR of_IO enlightenment_NN1 ,_, "_" that_DD1 is_VBZ itself_PPX1 enlightenment_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Rose_NN1 finds_VVZ that_CST commercial_JJ diplomacy_NN1 contributes_VVZ significantly_RR and_CC posi_NN2 tively_RR to_II exports_NN2 for_IF a_AT1 sample_NN1 of_IO 22_MC countries_NN2 trading_VVG with_IW 200_MC export_NN1 desti_NN2 nations_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
With_IW capitalism_NN1 and_CC wage-labor_NN1 established_VVD ,_, usury_NN1 spurs_NN2 on_II the_AT development_NN1 of_IO the_AT productive_JJ forcese.g._NNU larger_JJR ,_, more_RGR centralized_JJ workshops_NN2 ,_, development_NN1 of_IO technology_NN1 ,_, etc.but_NNU '_NULL usury_NN1 can_VM no_RR21 longer_RR22 separate_VVI the_AT producer_NN1 from_II his_APPGE means_NN of_IO production_NN1 ,_, for_CS they_PPHS2 have_VH0 already_RR been_VBN separated_VVN '_NULL (_( Marx_NP1 ,_, 1971a_FO :_: 596_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
For_IF Nietzsche_NP1 ,_, the_AT genuine_JJ political_JJ significance_NN1 of_IO tragedy_NN1 lies_VVZ in_II this_DD1 relation_NN1 between_II nature_NN1 and_CC civilization_NN1 as_CSA "_" the_AT whole_JJ opposition_NN1 of_IO prince_NN1 and_CC people_NN indeed_RR the_AT whole_JJ political-social_JJ spherewas_NN2 excluded_VVN from_II the_AT purely_RR religious_JJ origins_NN2 of_IO tragedy_NN1 "_" (_( BT_NP1 7_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
This_DD1 paper_NN1 sought_VVD to_TO understand_VVI the_AT conditions_NN2 that_CST delimited_VVD the_AT developmental_JJ potential_NN1 of_IO coconut_NN1 levies_NN2 ,_, which_DDQ extant_JJ literature_NN1 has_VHZ simplistically_RR and_CC problematically_RR put_VVN down_RP to_II institutional_JJ design_NN1 and_CC governance_NN1 conditions_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT first_MD and_CC most_RGT important_JJ of_IO these_DD2 were_VBDR the_AT standing_NN1 policy_NN1 committees_NN2 ,_, which_DDQ included_VVD the_AT National_JJ Security_NN1 Council_NN1 (_( NSC_NP1 )_) ,_, the_AT Home_NN1 Affairs_NN2 Committee_NN1 ,_, the_AT Economic_JJ Affairs_NN2 Committee_NN1 ,_, the_AT Social_JJ Justice_NN1 Committee_NN1 and_CC the_AT European_JJ Affairs_NN2 Committee_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Both_DB2 sides_NN2 are_VBR threatened_VVN by_II the_AT other_JJ '_NULL s_ZZ1 narrative_JJ in_II the_AT shared_JJ space_NN1 ,_, which_DDQ also_RR threatens_VVZ their_APPGE own_DA narrative_NN1 of_IO identity_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
PECs_NP2 do_VD0 play_VVI a_AT1 positive_JJ role_NN1 in_II many_DA2 countries_NN2 and_CC to_TO outright_RR prohibit_VVI their_APPGE establishment_NN1 would_VM be_VBI tantamount_JJ to_II foregoing_JJ benefits_NN2 that_CST might_VM eventually_RR accrue_VVI ,_, albeit_CS in_II the_AT quite_RG long_JJ run_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Fourth_MD ,_, it_PPH1 makes_VVZ theoretical_JJ contributions_NN2 by_II probing_VVG the_AT relationship_NN1 between_II rationalization_NN1 and_CC legitimacy_NN1 ,_, highlighting_VVG important_JJ conflicts_NN2 and_CC trade-offs_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Intervention_NN1 violates_VVZ the_AT long-promoted_JJ social_JJ self-governance_NN1 and_CC undermines_VVZ the_AT regime_NN1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 credibility_NN1 and_CC legitimacy_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Even_CS21 though_CS22 the_AT hard_JJ core_NN1 of_IO the_AT system_NN1 ,_, represented_VVN by_II the_AT PLA_NP1 ,_, the_AT CCP_NP1 central_JJ organs_NN2 ,_, and_CC the_AT State_NN1 Council_NN1 ,_, remains_VVZ resilient_JJ ,_, input_NN1 by_II the_AT State_NN1 Council_NN1 and_CC the_AT mass_JJ organizations_NN2 in_II the_AT legislature_NN1 has_VHZ dramatically_RR declined_VVN ,_, as_CSA the_AT influence_NN1 of_IO academics_NN2 ,_, the_AT juridical_JJ sector_NN1 ,_, and_CC local_JJ politicians_NN2 has_VHZ risen_VVN ._. 
</s>
<s>
China_NP1 dispatched_VVD troops_NN2 to_II Liberia_NP1 and_CC Darfur_VV0 in_II December_NPM1 2003_MC and_CC November_NPM1 2007_MC ._. 
</s>
<s>
They_PPHS2 use_VV0 them_PPHO2 as_II a_AT1 strategy_NN1 to_TO reveal_VVI a_AT1 majority_NN1 that_CST ,_, in_II their_APPGE mind_NN1 ,_, already_RR exists_VVZ in_II the_AT country_NN1 and_CC that_CST the_AT leader_NN1 brings_VVZ to_II the_AT surface_NN1 and_CC makes_VVZ victorious_JJ ._. 
</s>
<s>
Table_NN1 A.1_FO in_II the_AT online_JJ appendix_NN1 details_NN2 the_AT descriptive_JJ statistics_NN for_IF all_DB variables_NN2 employed_VVN here_RL and_CC in_II the_AT online_JJ appendix_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
This_DD1 is_VBZ in_II31 line_II32 with_II33 H2_FO on_II party_NN1 competition_NN1 ,_, which_DDQ is_VBZ thus_RR confirmed_VVN ._. 
</s>
<s>
On_II this_DD1 view_NN1 ,_, cultures_NN2 change_VV0 when_RRQ the_AT beliefs_NN2 ,_, practices_NN2 ,_, and_CC values_NN2 of_IO a_AT1 community_NN1 alter_VV0 ,_, or_CC when_CS new_JJ exemplars_NN2 emerge_VV0 ,_, shape_VV0 the_AT culture_NN1 around_II them_PPHO2 ,_, and_CC are_VBR embraced_VVN by_II it_PPH1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
We_PPIS2 also_RR find_VV0 support_NN1 for_IF power_NN1 asymmetry_NN1 ,_, meaning_VVG that_CST pairs_NN2 of_IO groups_NN2 of_IO disparate_JJ size_NN1 are_VBR at_II greater_JJR risk_NN1 of_IO infighting_NN1 than_CSN pairs_NN2 of_IO equal_JJ strength_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Following_VVG Amable_NP1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 conceptual_JJ structure_NN1 encompassing_VVG five_MC institutional_JJ areas_NN2 and_CC using_VVG data_NN from_II the_AT OECD_NP1 ,_, Eurostat_NP1 ,_, the_AT European_JJ Central_JJ Bank_NN1 ,_, the_AT World_NN1 Bank_NN1 ,_, the_AT Fraser_NP1 Institute_NN1 and_CC the_AT UN_NP1 Conference_NN1 on_II Trade_NN1 and_CC Development_NN1 (_( UNCTAD_NP1 )_) ,_, Farkas_NP2 attempted_VVD to_TO develop_VVI a_AT1 modified_JJ DoC_NN1 typology_NN1 incorporating_VVG the_AT CEE_NN1 countries_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
In_II contrast_NN1 to_II the_AT Mouride_NN1 ,_, Beck_NP1 (_( 2008_MC )_) identifies_VVZ these_DD2 brokers_NN2 as_CSA "_" dependent_JJ "_" upon_II the_AT incumbent_JJ regime_NN1 because_CS they_PPHS2 have_VH0 access_NN1 to_II fewer_DAR resources_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Similarly_RR ,_, neither_RR were_VBDR the_AT structure_NN1 of_IO opportunity_NN1 variables_NN2 (_( save_II21 for_II22 the_AT electoral_JJ system_NN1 variable_NN1 as_CSA noted_VVN above_RL )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Whereas_CS our_APPGE theoretical_JJ framework_NN1 focuses_VVZ on_II the_AT standard_JJ legislative_JJ bargaining_NN1 incentives_NN2 that_CST have_VH0 been_VBN central_JJ to_II the_AT government_NN1 formation_NN1 literature_NN1 to_II date_NN1 ,_, FRT_NP1 present_VV0 a_AT1 model_NN1 that_CST "_" revolves_VVZ around_RP nonlegislative_JJ incentives_NN2 "_" (_( p._NNU 467_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
Legislative_JJ norms_NN2 can_VM also_RR limit_VVI the_AT ability_NN1 of_IO property_NN1 owners_NN2 to_TO terminate_VVI a_AT1 lease_NN1 ;_; for_REX21 instance_REX22 ,_, the_AT lease_NN1 can_VM not_XX be_VBI terminated_VVN if_CS an_AT1 underage_JJ child_NN1 is_VBZ registered_VVN at_II the_AT rented_JJ premises_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
In_RR21 addition_RR22 ,_, I_PPIS1 include_VV0 an_AT1 indicator_NN1 for_IF having_VHG ever_RR been_VBN employed_VVN by_II the_AT party_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Subsequently_RR ,_, our_APPGE panel_NN1 regression_NN1 analysis_NN1 indicates_VVZ that_CST the_AT relative_JJ share_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 sector_NN1 in_II inward_JJ and_CC outward_JJ FDI_NP1 stocks_NN2 is_VBZ positively_RR related_VVN to_II its_APPGE level_NN1 of_IO technological_JJ intensity_NN1 and_CC its_APPGE level_NN1 of_IO service_NN1 intensity_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
In_II practice_NN1 ,_, once_RR an_AT1 initiative_NN1 is_VBZ sent_VVN to_II the_AT PNM_NP1 ,_, it_PPH1 will_VM not_XX move_VVI to_II the_AT next_MD stage_NN1 until_CS a_AT1 unanimous_JJ consensus_NN1 is_VBZ reached_VVN (_( Sheng_NP1 and_CC Huang_NP1 ,_, 2017_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Hume_NN1 was_VBDZ disinclined_JJ to_TO use_VVI the_AT terms_NN2 '_NULL rights_NN2 '_NULL ,_, and_CC he_PPHS1 objected_VVD to_II attempts_NN2 to_TO derive_VVI rights_NN2 either_RR from_II intrinsic_JJ qualities_NN2 of_IO the_AT person_NN1 as_II a_AT1 moral_JJ agent_NN1 or_CC alternatively_RR from_II Christian_JJ natural_JJ law_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
This_DD1 organisation_NN1 was_VBDZ condemned_VVN as_II a_AT1 manifestation_NN1 of_IO '_NULL nationalism_NN1 '_NULL by_II the_AT authorities_NN2 ,_, and_CC the_AT students_NN2 were_VBDR persecuted_VVN (_( Agaev_NP1 &;_NULL Magomedov_NP1 1995_MC ,_, p._NN1 71_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
By_II virtue_NN1 of_IO that_DD1 right_NN1 ,_, they_PPHS2 freely_RR determine_VV0 their_APPGE political_JJ status_NN1 and_CC freely_RR pursue_VV0 their_APPGE economic_JJ ,_, social_JJ and_CC cultural_JJ development_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT EC_NP1 turned_VVD to_II the_AT IFOAM_NP1 EU_NP1 Group_NN1 "_" as_II the_AT primary_JJ source_NN1 of_IO organic_JJ expertise_NN1 "_" (_( Schlüter_NP1 and_CC Blake_NP1 2009_MC ,_, 8_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
While_CS our_APPGE study_NN1 focused_VVN on_II the_AT effects_NN2 of_IO female_JJ fighters_NN2 on_II external_JJ audiences_NN2 ,_, the_AT effect_NN1 on_II domestic_JJ audiences_NN2 represents_VVZ an_AT1 interesting_JJ related_JJ question_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Thus_RR ,_, when_CS speaking_VVG about_II traditional_JJ or_CC sovereign_JJ security_NN1 ,_, I_PPIS1 follow_VV0 the_AT Foucauldian_JJ sketch_NN1 of_IO sovereignty_NN1 and_CC sovereign_JJ power_NN1 as_II31 well_II32 as_II33 the_AT conceptual_JJ opposition_NN1 between_II sovereignty_NN1 and_CC governmentality_NN1 that_CST governmentality_NN1 studies_NN2 owe_VV0 to_II Foucault_NP1 ._. 
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<s>
Race_NN1 as_II what_DDQ ties_VVZ the_AT system_NN1 together_RL ,_, and_CC blocks_NN2 progressive_JJ change_NN1 "_" (_( 2003_MC ,_, 157_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
Turning_VVG to_II the_AT experimental_JJ results_NN2 ,_, I_PPIS1 first_MD examine_VV0 effects_NN2 vis-à-vis_II the_AT Basic_JJ condition_NN1 by_II regressing_VVG the_AT dependent_JJ variables_NN2 on_II an_AT1 indicator_NN1 for_IF the_AT experimental_JJ conditions_NN2 where_RRQ the_AT excluded_JJ category_NN1 is_VBZ the_AT Basic_JJ condition_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
UN_NP1 officials_NN2 are_VBR usually_RR much_RR more_RRR restrained_VVN in_II their_APPGE public_JJ comments_NN2 because_CS they_PPHS2 recognize_VV0 that_CST their_APPGE actions_NN2 and_CC comments_NN2 affect_VV0 not_XX only_RR on_II the_AT United_JJ Nations_NN2 '_NULL reputation_NN1 ,_, but_CCB also_RR the_AT reputations_NN2 of_IO UN_NP1 member_NN1 states_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Local_JJ governments_NN2 also_RR recruit_VV0 civilians_NN2 to_TO collect_VVI information_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Rather_II21 than_II22 being_VBG shielded_VVN from_II the_AT uprisings_NN2 by_II insti_NN2 tutional_JJ boundaries_NN2 ,_, diplomatic_JJ services_NN2 in_II Yemen_NP1 ,_, Egypt_NP1 and_CC Tunisia_NP1 emerged_VVD as_CSA microcosms_NN2 of_IO broader_JJR socio-political_JJ developments_NN2 and_CC power_NN1 struggles_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
In_II this_DD1 paper_NN1 ,_, I_PPIS1 empirically_RR test_VV0 if_CS electoral_JJ timing_NN1 ,_, competitiveness_NN1 ,_, or_CC characteristics_NN2 of_IO the_AT electorate_NN1 play_VV0 the_AT most_RGT important_JJ role_NN1 in_II predicting_VVG local_JJ turnout_NN1 for_IF mayoral_JJ elections_NN2 for_IF midsized_JJ American_JJ cities_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
We_PPIS2 discuss_VV0 our_APPGE empirical_JJ strategy_NN1 and_CC main_JJ statistical_JJ results_NN2 ,_, as_II31 well_II32 as_II33 robustness_NN1 checks_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Acceptance_NN1 en_FW tails_NN2 diplomatic_JJ communication_NN1 and_CC exchange_NN1 ,_, as_II31 well_II32 as_II33 institutional_JJ and_CC techni_NN2 cal_NNU cooperation_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Koh_NN1 focuses_VVZ on_II the_AT transnational_JJ legal_JJ process_NN1 because_CS it_PPH1 is_VBZ a_AT1 way_NN1 to_TO create_VVI and_CC solidify_VVI support_NN1 for_IF a_AT1 general_JJ standard_NN1 of_IO law_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
In_RR21 general_RR22 ,_, mass_JJ media_NN and_CC communication_NN1 ,_, such_II21 as_II22 news_NN1 channels_NN2 ,_, films_NN2 and_CC music_NN1 programmes_NN2 ,_, books_NN2 and_CC the_AT internet_NN1 are_VBR regarded_VVN as_CSA influential_JJ tools_NN2 for_IF wiel_NN1 ding_FU soft_JJ power_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
This_DD1 included_VVD the_AT creation_NN1 of_IO various_JJ new_JJ state-sponsored_JJ youth_NN1 organizations_NN2 ,_, media_NN outlets_NN2 and_CC other_JJ front_JJ organizations_NN2 that_CST led_VVD to_II a_AT1 significant_JJ overall_JJ modification_NN1 of_IO the_AT functioning_NN1 of_IO his_APPGE authoritarian_JJ rule_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Compared_VVN to_II the_AT oudegree_NN1 effect_NN1 ,_, the_AT indegree_NN1 effect_NN1 is_VBZ weaker_JJR ._. 
</s>
<s>
Social-reproduction_JJ theorists_NN2 have_VH0 argued_VVN that_CST the_AT fact_NN1 that_CST this_DD1 labour_NN1 ,_, undertaken_VVN primarily_RR by_II women_NN2 ,_, is_VBZ unwaged_JJ ,_, forms_VVZ a_AT1 structural_JJ necessity_NN1 under_II capitalism_NN1 ,_, for_IF it_PPH1 allows_VVZ the_AT capitalist_JJ to_TO glean_VVI the_AT benefits_NN2 of_IO reproductive_JJ labour_NN1 necessary_JJ for_IF the_AT waged_JJ worker_NN1 to_TO enter_VVI the_AT formal_JJ economy_NN1 without_IW paying_VVG for_IF it_PPH1 ;_; they_PPHS2 argue_VV0 that_CST if_CS all_DB of_IO this_DD1 labour_NN1 were_VBDR paid_VVN ,_, it_PPH1 would_VM make_VVI the_AT capitalist_JJ system_NN1 itself_PPX1 insolvent_JJ ._. 
</s>
<s>
Moreover_RR ,_, despite_II similarities_NN2 in_II the_AT fundamental_JJ political_JJ and_CC economic_JJ institutions_NN2 ,_, there_EX is_VBZ a_AT1 tremendous_JJ cross-country_JJ variation_NN1 of_IO bureaucratic_JJ power_NN1 centralization_NN1 due_II21 to_II22 the_AT communist_JJ legacies_NN2 and_CC the_AT varying_JJ paces_NN2 of_IO post-democratization_JJ administrative_JJ reforms_NN2 in_II Eastern_JJ Europe_NP1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
An_AT1 increase_NN1 in_II the_AT bias_NN1 from_II b_ZZ1 =_FO 10_MC to_II b_ZZ1 =_FO 20_MC significantly_RR lowers_VVZ the_AT informational_JJ efficiency_NN1 :_: the_AT average_JJ Var_NN1 (_( X_ZZ1 (_( θ_NULL )_) )_) ,_, which_DDQ measures_VVZ inefficiency_NN1 ,_, increases_VVZ from_II 93.37_MC to_II 300.77_MC (_( p_ZZ1 =_FO 0.0143_MC ,_, Mann–Whitney_NP1 test_NN1 )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Perry_NP1 regarded_VVD these_DD2 gifts_NN2 as_II wedges_NN2 for_IF commerce_NN1 ,_, and_CC he_PPHS1 brandished_VVD them_PPHO2 alongside_II his_APPGE squadron_NN1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 artillery_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Nevertheless_RR ,_, there_EX seems_VVZ to_TO be_VBI non-conformity_JJ and_CC disharmony_NN1 among_II the_AT group_NN1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 actions_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
He_PPHS1 wanted_VVD to_TO maintain_VVI a_AT1 strong_JJ relationship_NN1 with_IW the_AT United_NP1 States_NP1 but_CCB there_EX was_VBDZ simply_RR no_AT way_NN1 that_CST his_APPGE kingdom_NN1 ,_, which_DDQ had_VHD a_AT1 majority_NN1 Palestinian_NN1 population_NN1 ,_, could_VM support_VVI an_AT1 agreement_NN1 that_CST did_VDD so_RG little_DA1 for_IF Palestinian_JJ rights_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
TNC_NP1 is_VBZ continuing_VVG to_TO work_VVI with_IW local_JJ communities_NN2 to_TO improve_VVI the_AT effectiveness_NN1 of_IO the_AT LMMA_NN1 network_NN1 ._. 
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While_CS scholars_NN2 commonly_RR assume_VV0 that_CST Global_JJ Governance_NN1 Institutions_NN2 (_( GGIs_NP1 )_) need_VV0 legitimacy_NN1 to_TO perform_VVI effectively_RR ,_, there_EX are_VBR few_DA2 systematic_JJ empirical_JJ studies_NN2 assessing_VVG the_AT consequences_NN2 of_IO legitimacy_NN1 (_( or_CC the_AT lack_NN1 thereof_RR )_) for_IF the_AT functioning_NN1 of_IO GGIs_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
This_DD1 kind_NN1 of_IO seismic_JJ change_NN1 in_II rural_JJ institutions_NN2 is_VBZ not_XX unprecedented_JJ in_II China_NP1 ,_, however_RR ._. 
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<s>
These_DD2 two_MC shifts_NN2 had_VHD different_JJ policy_NN1 implications_NN2 from_II those_DD2 arising_VVG from_II poli_NN2 ticians_NN2 '_NULL depiction_NN1 of_IO this_DD1 idea_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
By_II contrast_NN1 ,_, cross-regional_JJ externalities_NN2 shift_VV0 voters_NN2 '_NULL preferences_NN2 toward_II some_DD level_NN1 of_IO international_JJ redistribution_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
As_CSA Verba_NP1 ,_, Schlozman_NP1 ,_, and_CC Brady_NP1 (_( 1995_MC ,_, 369_MC )_) describe_VV0 ,_, organizations_NN2 are_VBR "_" the_AT backbone_NN1 of_IO civil_JJ societylying_NN1 between_II the_AT personal_JJ world_NN1 of_IO the_AT family_NN1 and_CC the_AT public_JJ world_NN1 of_IO politics_NN1 ._. "_" 
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<s>
Ultimately_RR ,_, the_AT World_NN1 Wide_JJ Weba_NN1 product_NN1 of_IO the_AT exact_JJ sort_NN1 of_IO openness_NN1 and_CC collaboration_NN1 NSDD_NP1 145_MC sought_VVD to_II containushered_JJ in_II the_AT advent_NN1 of_IO an_AT1 un_FW precedented_VVD period_NN1 of_IO global_JJ communication_NN1 and_CC commerce_NN1 ,_, and_CC with_IW it_PPH1 ,_, American_JJ soft_JJ power_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Heath_NN1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 failure_NN1 to_TO use_VVI such_DA space_NN1 effectively_RR was_VBDZ not_XX the_AT cause_NN1 of_IO his_APPGE loss_NN1 of_IO the_AT Conservative_JJ party_NN1 leadership_NN1 ,_, but_CCB it_PPH1 was_VBDZ seen_VVN by_II supporters_NN2 as_II a_AT1 contributory_JJ factor_NN1 ._. 
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The_AT Fenians_NN2 were_VBDR just_RR one_MC1 of_IO many_DA2 movements_NN2 that_CST considered_VVD conspiratorial_JJ methods_NN2 and_CC armed_JJ resistance_NN1 as_II the_AT shortest_JJT path_NN1 to_II Irish_JJ independence_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT Tanzanian_JJ government_NN1 and_CC its_APPGE affiliated_JJ parastatals_NN2 were_VBDR the_AT recipients_NN2 of_IO most_DAT of_IO the_AT aid_NN1 money_NN1 directed_VVN to_II the_AT country_NN1 ,_, and_CC Andrew_NP1 Coulson_NP1 ,_, a_AT1 scholar_NN1 of_IO Tanzania_NP1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 political_JJ economy_NN1 ,_, claimed_VVD that_CST "_" the_AT &lsqb;_( ujamaa_NN1 &rsqb;_) policies_NN2 ..._... including_II villagization_NN1 ,_, would_VM not_XX have_VHI been_VBN possible_JJ without_IW these_DD2 impressive_JJ capital_NN1 inflows_NN2 ._. "_" 
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<s>
This_DD1 analysis_NN1 drew_VVD on_II a_AT1 wide_JJ variety_NN1 of_IO representatives_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Likewise_RR ,_, the_AT British_JJ government_NN1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 '_NULL GREAT_NP1 Britain_NP1 '_NULL campaign_NN1 aims_VVZ to_TO promote_VVI the_AT United_NP1 Kingdom_NP1 internationally_RR as_II a_AT1 great_JJ place_NN1 to_TO visit_VVI ,_, study_NN1 and_CC do_VD0 business_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT challenge_NN1 with_IW some_DD of_IO these_DD2 initiatives_NN2 ,_, however_RR ,_, is_VBZ that_CST governments_NN2 and_CC international_JJ organisations_NN2 have_VH0 sparse_JJ insights_NN2 and_CC knowl_VV0 edge_NN1 about_II how_RRQ the_AT platforms_NN2 and_CC business_NN1 models_NN2 actually_RR work_VV0 ._. 
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Even_RR as_RG many_DA2 states_NN2 have_VH0 bolstered_VVN punitive_JJ measures_NN2 as_II a_AT1 response_NN1 to_II the_AT opioid_JJ epidemic_NN1 ,_, which_DDQ '_NULL claimed_VVD more_RGR American_JJ lives_NN2 in_II 2017_MC than_CSN were_VBDR lost_VVN in_II the_AT entire_JJ Vietnam_NP1 War_NN1 '_NULL ,_, sentencing_VVG lengths_NN2 for_IF drug_NN1 possession_NN1 have_VH0 generally_RR decreased_VVN in_II recent_JJ years_NNT2 ._. 
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<s>
This_DD1 strategy_NN1 avoids_VVZ the_AT international_JJ and_CC domestic_JJ scrutiny_NN1 that_CST occurs_VVZ if_CS obfuscation_NN1 of_IO the_AT violation_NN1 is_VBZ later_RRR exposed_VVN ,_, along_II21 with_II22 the_AT costs_NN2 of_IO convincing_VVG the_AT proliferator_NN1 to_TO keep_VVI its_APPGE program_NN1 secret_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
And_CC as_CSA parties_NN2 have_VH0 disengaged_VVN from_II society_NN1 ,_, they_PPHS2 have_VH0 become_VVN "_" neither_RR liked_VVN nor_CC trusted_JJ "_" (_( Mair_NP1 2013_MC ,_, p._NN1 73_MC )_) ._. 
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<s>
Evidence_NN1 that_CST the_AT expressed_JJ views_NN2 of_IO political_JJ parties_NN2 can_VM alter_VVI belief_NN1 in_II alternative_JJ narratives_NN2 is_VBZ consistent_JJ with_IW the_AT widespread_JJ effort_NN1 exerted_VVN by_II political_JJ parties_NN2 in_II Pakistan_NP1 and_CC elsewhere_RL to_TO propagate_VVI an_AT1 account_NN1 of_IO events_NN2 that_CST support_VV0 their_APPGE worldview_NN1 and_CC challenges_NN2 that_DD1 of_IO their_APPGE opponents_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Finally_RR ,_, the_AT party_NN1 system_NN1 closest_RRT to_II the_AT '_NULL normative_JJ ideal_NN1 '_NULL of_IO moderate_JJ IP/low_NN1 AP_NP1 that_DD1 was_VBDZ envisaged_VVN in_II the_AT introduction_NN1 to_II this_DD1 article_NN1 is_VBZ definitely_RR the_AT Netherlands_NP1 ._. 
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<s>
As_II the_AT world_NN1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 largest_JJT landlocked_JJ country_NN1 ,_, Kazakhstan_NP1 may_VM be_VBI regarded_VVN as_II a_AT1 good_JJ candidate_NN1 to_TO take_VVI a_AT1 leadership_NN1 position_NN1 in_II promoting_VVG the_AT interests_NN2 of_IO all_DB landlocked_JJ nations_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Agamemnon_NP1 felt_VVD trapped_VVN and_CC deeply_RR conflictedor_NN1 so_CS he_PPHS1 said_VVD ._. 
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<s>
The_AT law_NN1 introduced_VVD national_JJ security_NN1 export_NN1 controls_VVZ for_IF goods_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Bachelet_NN1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 ,_, the_AT opposition_NN1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 ,_, and_CC the_AT media_NN '_NULL s_ZZ1 gendered_JJ discourse_NN1 all_DB seemed_VVD to_TO exacerbate_VVI Caso_NP1 Caval_NP1 '_NULL s_ZZ1 negative_JJ consequences_NN2 over_II time_NNT1 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT results_NN2 are_VBR robust_JJ across_II a_AT1 range_NN1 of_IO model_NN1 specifications_NN2 and_CC complement_VV0 those_DD2 of_IO much_DA1 of_IO the_AT existing_JJ literature_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
This_DD1 inversion_NN1 in_II state-society_JJ relations_NN2 was_VBDZ animated_VVN by_II the_AT idea_NN1 of_IO homo_NN1 conomicusan_NN1 ideal_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 rational_JJ individual_NN1 '_NULL who_PNQS pursues_VVZ his_APPGE own_DA interest_NN1 ,_, and_CC whose_DDQGE interest_NN1 is_VBZ such_CS21 that_CS22 it_PPH1 converges_VVZ spontaneously_RR with_IW the_AT interests_NN2 of_IO others_NN2 '_NULL wherein_RRQ the_AT policy_NN1 implica_NN1 tions_NN2 are_VBR that_DD1 '_NULL with_IW regards_VVZ to_II homo_NN1 wconomicus_NN1 ,_, one_PN1 must_VM laissez-faire_NN1 '_NULL ._. 
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<s>
Finally_RR ,_, since_CS we_PPIS2 are_VBR examining_VVG the_AT diffusion_NN1 of_IO law_NN1 ,_, it_PPH1 may_VM be_VBI that_CST policymakers_NN2 look_VV0 to_II countries_NN2 that_CST share_VV0 their_APPGE legal_JJ heritage_NN1 (_( common_JJ law_NN1 versus_II civil_JJ law_NN1 traditions_NN2 ,_, for_REX21 example_REX22 )_) for_IF models_NN2 ._. 
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