﻿So organizations should focus towards building a culture of professionalism and nurturing professional mindsets among employees.
Policy makers might therefore opt for access for various financial and legal reasons.
Consistent with H4, reward structure exerts a positive and significant moderation effect on the relationship between perceived knowledge hiding and team viability (b = 0.122, p < 0.05).
Moreover, it allowed us to control the exogenous variables as much as possible to obtain measurements that are more accurate.
Due to a combination of the very simple structure of the model (single DV, no CVs, no MCs), effective randomization, little discernable impact of manipulation on measurement parameters, and little violation of some assumptions, including equal group sizes, results may appear relatively similar across modeling approaches.
Figure 1 (a) shows a clickstream dataset consisting of five sessions.
Here the importance of an integrated approach is demonstrated, environmental sustainability hotspots are identified, tendencies towards a more socially responsible supply chain are discussed, product recovery policies are questioned and the robustness of the solutions is shown.
Second, for any such sample path, we solve a deterministic assignment problem, which is a special type of 0-1 integer program.
That said, theory is valuable and not simply a straitjacket, since scholars have a competitive advantage in knowledge generation because they can rely on frameworks and theories that give guidance on where to look for the right connections in the data (Moe and Ratchford, 2018).
This process requires collecting relevant internal and external knowledge, and editing it to make it more usable.
This in no way implies a lesser contribution of the work on CP.
In the previous literature, most quantitative studies have focused on EMS or practices, whereas CSR implementation has been analyzed mainly through qualitative studies.
As a result, the buyer orders less in P as aincreases, such that all firms prefer T to P .
Thus, based on followership theory, we can theorize and then test followers' specific characteristics (e.g., proactivity, self-regulation focus) and behavior patterns (e.g., inrole performance, extra-role performance) which can lead their leaders to exert more empowering leadership and offer more autonomy and responsibilities toward them.
Third, our study identifies gender as a significant contingency factor and examines its moderating effect in the trust formation process.
If the allocation is rejected, both players get nothing.
According to Von Altrock (1997), was chosen to replicate a DMP by introducing the approximation typical of human reasoning, with the use of an inferential engine in fuzzy logic.
Authors of 4 studies indicated the data were not available (i.e., 3%).
The difference in the estimated coefficients is (marginally) statistically significant (x2(1) = 3.436, p = 0.06), in support of hypothesis 2a.
A global survey was initiated by Jeff Miller at Boston University in 1981/1982, with large manufacturers from various industries which dominate in their markets (Roth et al., 1997; Whybark and Vastag, 1993).
That is whygiven the influence of the boardplace on the commitment of female directors to CSR disclosure this paper investigates in greater depth how the context of the board influences women on boards and their CSR disclosure commitment.
There is, therefore, a need for further empirical work on the link between compatibility, supply chain process integration and organizational performance in SMEs.
In this article, we explore potential extra interactional work conducted by participants in video-mediated consultations.
Valid attempts to overcome the low amount of substance of 1-5 or 1-7 scaled responses likely requires making a trade-off of large samples (n > 100) with self-report data to a small number of cases with direct-observation data.
The two papers address a network design problem where resilience is related to the network restructuring when facing a disruptive event.
The production of vehicles in Spain experienced a sharp increase (13.7 per cent) in 2015, with a total of 2,733,201 units.
Such a ran domness test helps protect researchers from making Type 1 errors and drawing false positive con clusions.
In addition, continuous supervisory abuse may cause individuals to focus on conserving and protecting their remaining resources to avoid further resource loss.
If they feel that SOEs in general care less about financial results, they may fear that the financial performance of the target company will deteriorate after it has been cquired, and employment and tax revenues may be constrained.
The ARC equilibrium quantities for corn and soybeans are both higher than their no-subsidy quantities.
Thereafter, we discuss field research guidelines and conclude with directions for future research.
The average scale efficiency scores is not high (0.6583) neither.
In the case of technology strategy, it has been widely acknowledge by now that technology breakthroughs is not sufficient, and new business models that support their commercialization are needed in order to exploit business opportunities (Chesbrough and Rosenbloom, 2002; Tongur and Engwall, 2014; Velu, 2015; Willemstein et al., 2007).
Additionally, they provided an algorithm to ensure the uniqueness of the optimal solution.
Despite the literature suggesting a positive relationship between innovativeness and performance (Wiklund & Shepherd, 2003), the results show no significant relation.
Outsourcing is always viable as long as its variable cost is less than the market price, but at a low enough price point, outsourcing is unprofitable.
Prediction 10: The evolved psychology of leadership and followership creates a market dynamic.
The literature review is initially conducted to identify and select potential criteria.
AssetCos business involves tangible asset investments including real estate, infrastructure, renewable energy, and movables.
In fact, with the exception of real estate, public administration and mining all other industries have a higher probability of compliant behaviour than finance and insurance.
Although an entre-preneur's resources may be mobilized by the presence of "psychic" as well as economic benefits (e.g., Gimeno et al., 1997), how exactly such psychic benefits are created during the process of opportunity development remains unclear.
The results of identifying the following three styles also showed that how we socially groom, rather than merely the category of "active SNS uses," is relevant when forming social capital and well-being.
Acceptance is the consequence of two main factors: the perceived ease of use and the perceived usefulness (Davis et al., 1989; Chau and Hu, 2002; Venkatesh et al., 2003; Wade et al., 2017) that is evaluated rationally by the individual.
We resolve the issue of multiple equilibria by choosing the Pareto efficient equilibrium.
A robust SC is not affect negatively by disruption.
Beyond this very narrow application, single source survey designs are not, in our view, capable of delivering strong theoretical calibration.
When managing costs for new products, companies gain the most leverage by getting product costs right as early as possible, where product costs equal the direct labor, materials, and overhead to produce the finished item.
This term emphasizes competition between claims, potentially implying that a falsehood and its correction are comparable alternatives.
To provide support that these results are causal, and address concerns about endogeneity, we first confirm parallel trends in the pre-treatment sample (Wooldridge, 2002) (Table 6b, Model 1).
An exception from the newsvendor setting is Chao et al. (2008), who explore a budget-constrained retailer's joint dynamic replenishment and bank loan decisions in a multi-period inventory model with stochastic demand.
We considered these strategies under two broader categories: strategies of identification (nomination or referential, predicational and perspectivation strategies) and strategies of persuasion (argumentation, intensification or mitigation strategies).
This study addresses a number of gaps in the existing literature.
The exchange of information enables more innovation types to be efficiently combined, which facilitates a rapid response to market demand (Morales and Sifontes, 2014).
Researchers have provided empirical evidence that a customer's evaluation of service (Dixon et al., 2017) and future purchasing behaviors (Dixon and Verma, 2013) can be influenced by affect-based scheduling efforts and that affect phenomena can be incorporated into large scale complex scheduling efforts (Dixon and Thompson, 2013, 2016).
Although female dominance does not appear to be a requirement for strong female leadership, strong female leaders consistently appear in those taxa with female dominance, suggesting a linkage between the two traits.
Constituency statutes allow corporate officers and directors to take into account the interests of a variety of corporate stakeholders in carrying out their fiduciary duties to the corporation and, as such, trigger an exogenous shift in companies' ability to address their stakeholders' needs (e.g., Flammer and Kacperczyk, 2016; Orts, 1992).
On the whole, the papers on blood supply chain management can be classified based on the type of blood product, type of approach, performance measures, solution methodologies, practicality, etc.
Further, it examines the attitudinal drivers of WOM behavior (Research Objective 2), and it explores the moderating impact of customer characteristics (Research Objective 3).
Before discussing our empirical test in detail, we note that the results presented later by no means imply any causal relationship between inventory, accounts payable, and/or short-term debt.
But which types of business models universities may adopt in technology transfer and how they differ are still an under-researched topic that calls for more scholarly attention.
The inverse tendency can be observed for the randomly distributed (r) instances, where ICEVs are used in majority.
We develop a variety of arguments for our position.
At the most basic level, safety is a state that exists when employees think, feel, and act in a safe manner.
Confirming evidence from other contexts, these discourses often relied on "us versus them" designations grounded in the perceived threat that immigrants pose to non-immigrants and their national culture and heritage (Van Dijk, 2000).
The findings indicated that people having higher professional role identity shared knowledge more when they had high self-efficacy and shared less when they had low self-efficacy.
The conversion efficiency of technologies and the yearly energy demand are accounted for in the layer balance (LB) equation (13).
Firms that foster the development of a strong BDAC utilize it in driving strategy and informing decisions made by top executives.
The use of human capital by firms requires some sort of equitable return (Cova and Dalli, 2009).
However, limited research has been focused on using the ensemble learning approach to further improve SVM-based breast cancer diagnosis.
This research introduces and explores the emergence of this new type of social commerce in emerging markets.
Previous studies indicate that financial leverage appears to be a double-edged sword because it can magnify either the firm's potential gains or its potential losses.
Sampling can also be used in conjunction with the occurrence of covariants; for example, sampling a certain time interval before and after the occurrence of a nonroutine event might provide information concerning target behaviors associated with such events.
Fortunately, our approach provides a fixed cost allocation result which is a bargaining equilibrium solution between the satisfaction degrees of the two unions of stages.
Only when all members benefit can this new approach be sustained.
Corollary 1(2) shows that, both the retailer's profit and the supplier's profit increase with the consumers' freshness sensitivities.
In addition, cooperation with one intermediary provided us easier access to its internal project database with additional data on each case.
In the following section, the researchers have built a conceptual framework on identified employee branding dimensions and provided comprehensive definitions of the latent construct as shown in Table 1.
The moderated-mediation results, as shown in Row 4 of Table VIII, reveal support for H6a and H6b, indicating that there is an indirect relationship between the interaction term of professional role identity X knowledge self-efficacy and prosocial knowledge effectiveness through knowledge exchange.
Furthermore, theory is linked to method not only in terms of epistemology and debates about the details of qualitative or quantitative techniques.
While some scholars argue that EI is best thought of as a set of individual traits (see Petrides & Furnham, 2001, 2003), others argue that EI is best conceptualized as a set of abilities (see Mayer, Salovey, & Caruso, 2008).
Table 8 shows that the promise factor (F31) had the greatest influence on the performance indicators (TPR, TNR and Cost) of the credit evaluation model, whereas the prospect factor (F32) had the weakest influence on the performance indicators of the model.
In 2017, the market structure has changed through the merger of Robi and Airtel, and operating under Robi brand name.
We concede that this method does not account fully for selection in the founder-joiner match and conduct various robustness checks to alleviate this concern.
BPO has commonalities with cloud manufacturing (Ren, Zhang, Wang, Tao, & Chai, 2017) .
Quality represents an assessment of the value or worth of outputs (e.g., product rejection rates, decision quality, customer satisfaction, safety rates).
For example, factors related to the social and relational context appear relevant to voice, taking charge, issue-selling, i-deals, and proactive personality.
Alignment exists when an organization's goals and activities and the information systems that support them remain in harmony (McKeen and Smith, 2003).
Companies belonging to the alternative energy sector lead the ICSRPI_39 ranking; these include companies that develop or manufacture renewable energy equipment that uses sources such as solar, wind, tidal, or geothermal energy, among others, and companies that produce alternative fuels such as ethanol, methanol, hydrogen, and biofuels.
We investigate multiple systems on an individual basis to try to determine what makes the system unique, as well as what led to the system's success or failure.
We observed all four categories of paradoxical tensions in our study (i.e., organizing, learning, belonging, and performing tensions) and saw different aspects of path dependence and cognitive limits in them.
Finally, in support of Hypothesis 3b, the estimated coefficient of CE is larger and significant when NPD is low in Model 10 (ft = 0.009, p = 0.000), compared to the (insignificant) estimated coefficient in Model 12 when it is high (ft = 0.001, p = 0.372).
The 1991 US National Information Infrastructure initiative evidenced those "new times".
Moreover, researchers have argued that sales growth is an appropriate measure in situations where a firm can realize increased sales without achieving any significant change in employees or assets (Weinzimmer et al., 1998), such as when a firm is able to charge higher prices for products.
Although our data sources provide information on financial outcomes (improvements in operating performance), there is no available information regarding how much award-winning firms have actually invested in service quality and environmental sustainability efforts.
These higher adoption costs increase systematic risk and lower market value for the marginal firm.
Different from previous methods, this proposed method combines the internal factors and external factors of community which can give sufficient considerations of community information.
After defining a new consensus measure based on the correlation degree between probabilistic linguistic term sets, we develop a consensus reaching method to improve the consensus degree of a group.
Perhaps the most important recommendation involves focusing on the numerators of the ratios that are used so often in strategy research.
The dataset provided by Yelp spans from October 2004 to December 2015 and includes reviews from ten cities (i.e., Edinburgh, Karlsruhe, Montreal, Waterloo, Pittsburgh, Charlotte, Urbana-Champaign, Phoenix, Las Vegas, and Madison) of four countries (i.e., U.K., U.S., Canada and Germany), which hence creates a suitable context to instantiate and test our multilingual system.
These respondents narrate that they were not fully willing to share valuable knowledge with their project line managers on specific software being used to handle the project.
Post hoc analysis suggests that human capital through knowledge sharing influences team learning, whereas the psychosocial capital through knowledge helping influences team leadership.
Without a clear framework and clear hypotheses, entrepreneurs obtain generic feedback that can obscure important information about their business model or weigh equally components that contribute differently to value generation.
Considering developmental processes and events could result in a more psychologically precise understanding of the protean career and its mechanisms, which could assist in the development of PCO interventions through the use of high-impact leverage points at critical time points in the lifespan.
In the part-time cohort C-3, all students had permanent jobs and no student lived on campus, but 16.1% of students worked on campus.
For example, Hambrick & Abrahamson's (1995) measure of managerial discretion, comprising a formative combination of advertising intensity, R&D intensity, capital intensity, market growth, and degree of regulation, has been employed by many strategy researchers.
This could be done by countering the barriers of active member-passive member differences and creating community programs to promote the community as a "home for all".
We build upon signaling theory as a theoretical lens in the field of online reviews and identify the key aspects of signaling theory - signalers, signals, receivers, and the signaling environment.
Thus, as a product moves from new product launch to ongoing production, there could be organizational forgetting, contributing to the possibility of passive opportunism by the buyers.
In most mammals, because female reproduction is constrained by the demands of lactation and gestation, sexual selection often favors choosy females, and this produces intense male-male competition (Andersson, 1994).
As shown in Table 3, all AVE values were higher than the suggested benchmark level of 0.5 [25], the CRs were higher than the threshold of 0.70, and the standard loadings of all items were higher than the desired threshold of 0.7 and significant at 0.001, which indicated a good convergent validity.
These users will be the commuters, drivers and passengers in the post-ICE-dominated era.
Hence, we include these 24 suppliers as potential suppliers in our dataset.
We recommend expedited review by compliance committees for adherence to local policy.
Second, interpersonally oriented attributes and motives of the proactive individual shape the effect of proactivity.
Managers should pay particular attention to the negative impact of differentiation in the quality of relationships among followers: because this differentiation is naturally perceived by team members, it may engender relational boundaries within the team, thwart attraction forces within the team and hinder team cohesion and cooperation.
In addition, an implicit assumption used in the above transformations is that the random part of the transformed process is still a BM, which may not always be the case.
When using the polynomial models, different numbers of iterations are conducted for different time instants.
JVs may involve organizations paying to create new and independent affiliates that they own together (Gill and Butler, 2003).
This convergence of neural and behavioral data in support of automatic unconscious preference formation bridges theories across different disciplines and offers a useful background for understanding what elements of business practice are more or less susceptible to contextual effects.
This extraordinary human displacement has occurred as people have sought to escape war, violence, persecution, human rights violations and other life-threatening events.
Yet it has been observed that dynamic capability enables the repeated and reliable performance of an activity directed toward strategic change, as distinct from entirely ad hoc problem solving (Schilke etal., 2018:393).
Standards of living is measured in terms of gross national income (GNI) per capita.
Much leadership studies have a strong religious, even messianic overtone (Alvesson, 2011; Spoelstra & ten Bos, 2011; Tourish & Pinnington, 2002), often overlapping with hero qualities.
Participants who have had the ability to adjust the model's forecasts may actually hold the model in higher regard, perhaps because their increased satisfaction with the forecasting process bleeds into their feelings about the model (e.g., Finucane et al. 2000).
Carson, Tesluk, and Marrone (2007) investigate the antecedents of shared leadership and its consequences on team performance as well as provide a social network approach to measure shared leadership.
Thus, the people who do not leave an organization will be more similar to each other and form a more homogenous group than those who were initially drawn to the setting.
Similar outcomes were delineated by Sabate and Puente (2003).
Calibration is tied to theory regarding set membership, where final values of each measure range from 0 to 1 with multiple in between values, and reflect belonging in a given class or set (Zadeh, 1965).
Another potential outcome of this evolution is a blurring or convergence of the older and the newer types.
On one side, we see messy piles of data living in far flung databases coming from heterogeneous sources ...
Research in NPD has shown that team boundary spanning activity positively influences a number of new product outcomes such as adherence to budgets and schedules and project technical quality (Ancona and Caldwell, 1992; Howell and Shea, 2006).
Traditional design practices, finally, have relevant limitations in terms of learning.
Tetra Pak realizes the importance of conducting business in a sustainable manner and sets up its environmental department to look into the recycling issues of used beverage cartons.
This is a customary practice for product categories like consumer electronics, home appliances, and furniture.
The structure of the paper is as follows.
Research also demonstrates that interpersonal treatment experience with the leader is important because it conveys a message to the team members about their capabilities and social status, and fuel positive feelings of self-worth and self-esteem (Hogg & Abrams, 1988; Sedikides & Brewer, 2001).
Meanwhile, is derived from shown in Table B.13 using Eqs.-(4) and (6), as presented in Table B.33 of Section B.3.
This result is consistent with previous studies showing that openness to external knowledge facilitates innovation performance (Escribano et al., 2009; Frenz and Ietto-Gillies, 2009; Love et al., 2014; Segarra-Cipres and Bou-Llusar, 2018).
After the manual checking and screening, the final sample consists of 320 articles published from 1996 to March 2016 in various subject areas including corporate sustainability assessment, sustainability composite indicators construction, sustainability performance analysis, and regional sustainability development assessment.
This allowed us to identify three steps in the formation process of such organizations.
As already discussed, most applications do not solely base their results on one or multiple MCDM frameworks but rather employ more integrated approaches, by combining multicriteria analysis with other methodologies at different stages.
In our example, the HTMT of social executive behavior to social employee behavior is 0.322, and thus below the recommended threshold of 0.85 (and of 0.90).
These different perspectives on innovation (e.g. innovation versus diffusion and adopting and product versus process innovation) underscore the need for a unified terminology and holistic understanding of innovation in public procurement, as offered by the framework proposed by this study.
In a diary study, Cangiano et al. (2018) found that supervisor reactions play an important role in whether proactive behavior is resource draining or resource generating for the person's well-being.
They also doubled worker wages and made sure that Crelicam operated in alignment with both Cameroon and U.S. labor laws.
This subsample also includes airlines because many airlines curtailed their operations for a number of reasons, including reduced demand for air travel, disruptions in airport operations, and protection of airline crews from radiation and aftershocks.
We adhered to a few general inclusion guidelines.
Moreover, inadequate top management commitment and employee resistance (Oliveira et al., 2016; Zaid et al., 2018), which are predominant in developing countries, may stunt the effective implementation of IGSCP and negatively affect FP.
It was signed into law on February 17, 2009, with the intention of promoting EMR adoption and the meaningful use of health information technology (Federal Register, 2009).
For instance, Mathieu et al. (2015) analyzed 17 previous studies and examined the reciprocal and dynamic nature of the team performance/team cohesion relationship, finding that both directions exist and that they evolve differently through time.
On the basis of the evidence collected, it is possible to make some comments about the potential of the Italian Decree in enhancing transparent CSR reporting and fostering sustainable business conduct.
Our model only focuses on new product/service innovation, not other areas of innovation, such as business process innovation or new business models.
In what follows, we use the terms "pages," "brands," and "firms" interchangeably.
Unfortunately, existing research is limited to language-based assessments of Facebook profile, and there is no empirical examination using human ratings or focused on LinkedIn (Davison et al., 2016).
Neither there is no clearly articulated goal for the level of autonomy.
This means that an increase in broadband lines of 0.01 lines per capita, from its average value of about 0.12 in 2004, increases the growth in employment between 2004 and 2005 by 0.00223, or 0.2 percentage points (Crandall et al., 2007, p. 9)."
This sequence ensures that the measures of constructs are reliable and valid before attempting to draw conclusions with respect to the relationships between constructs (Roldan and Sanchez-Franco, 2012).
They found support for the proposed mediation, but these pathways varied by job in terms of levels of demands and job autonomy.
In fact, as broadband access becomes ubiquitous, it becomes expected infra structure and other factors (such as the quality of that access) become more influential drivers of economic growth.
The non-response bias test results indicate no significant differences across early and late respondents on the key variables: organization size (t = 0.29, p > 0.05), supply chain process integration (t = 0.75, p > 0.05), compatibility (t = 0.73, p > 0.05), operational performance (t = 0.83, p > 0.05) and competitiveness (t = 0.38, p > 0.05).
Discussions of leadership within anthropology date to the inception of the discipline.
As a member of the BRICS, South Africa is the largest economy in Africa, but it is also one that has faced persistent challenges, both at the political level and in terms of uneven and volatile sectoral performance.
Furthermore, the study contributes to organizational learning theory by showing that although some interorganizational linkages lead to a higher level of learning, the same linkages can also lead to no learning taking place at all and that it is not only double-loop learning (foreign collaborations) that can change a firm's frame of reference, but that this can also be achieved via single-loop learning (domestic collaborations).
The measure of a country's development is one of the most critical and highly debated issues in economic research.
These suppliers are more vulnerable to buyers' demands for increased transparency because they lack any internally established mechanisms or agents that may resist these external pressures (Oliver, 1991).
Image concerns may explain that these non-ticket holders do not acknowledge they are fraudsters and that they cheat less when they anticipate that we will be able to check behavior ex post.
A second limitation is that we collected all data using a similar methodology, including units from a variety of organizations.
Furthermore, 'missing standards' logically become a barrier since the lack of it negates its supposedly positive influence during high market uncertainty.
Thus, we cannot restate enough times that rigor is the sine qua non of all research including experimental research.
Nevertheless, the development of credit markets appears to discourage innovation in industries with these characteristics.
Thus, our analysis examines the unique effect of benevolent leadership beyond this more-recognized Western leadership style.
Similarly, co-evolutionary perspectives (Volberda et al., 2014) show that as managers respond to the environment by changing their organizations through management innovations, these changes subsequently influence the environment.
In addition, we demonstrate numerically that the benefits of information sharing for the manufacturer and FT are contingent on multiple factors, especially FT and ST reliabilities and information sharing costs.
Note that all covariates except dummies for sectors are log-transformed to address assumptions of linear regression models.
However, the effect of improvised activity on innovation is often inconsistent (Flach, 2014; Vera and Crossan, 2004).
Finally, we provide a managerial strategy to harness the benefits of justification, and quantify the financial benefits of this strategy.
Dai and Chen (2011) propose a multi-agent and auction-based framework to this end.
The results indicate that (i) sustainable single sourcing enhances the ripple effect; (ii) facility fortification at major employers in regions mitigates the ripple effect and enhances sustainability; and (iii) a reduction in storage facilities in the SC downstream of a disruption-risky facility increases sustainability, but causes the ripple effect.
The business press characterized the GEJE as "the most significant supply chain disruption ever" (Tibken 2011) and a "black swan" catastrophic event for global supply chains.
With equal cash opportunity costs or when the payment delay is sufficiently long, 3PL leadership outperforms manufacturer leadership.
Platform governance consists of two aspects: governance of and governance by platforms (Gillespie, 2017).
Maintaining a group requires not only fighting against non-participation but also against the onslaught of competing interests of the agents within the group, which requires vigilance against temptations and threats coming from both within and outside of the group.
When considered in sum, this pattern of findings may provide evidence for the notion of a recovery phase" in the relationship lifecycle after a contract breach.
And that must be paid by the consumption of the audience and by sponsorship.
In practice, this involves training a model on one institution's dataset and fine-tuning the model on a different dataset.
Their role was especially evident in delivering substantial technology solutions for reasonably long periods of time.
In order to channel the establishment of analytical capabilities within the marketing unit and centralize marketing activities, the chief of marketing ordered the installation of a marketing analytics subunit.
Participants who chose to the use the model in the adjust-by-X conditions did not deviate from the model as much as they could have, regardless of whether they were in the adjust-by-10 (M = 5.00), adjust-by-5 (M = 2.61), or adjust-by-2 (M = 1.33) condition.
Compliance with the platform's behavioural rules is imperfect even with perfect reviews and even if riders cannot switch across platforms.
Collaborative development of standards may naturally emerge to meet the emerging needs of integration and interconnectivity of enterprises.
From the analysis of variance of each FA (Eqs.
Then comes FT3 (Blockchain) with 14 publications representing a little over 20% of the total.
Consequently, a higher-order factor will obscure these nuances and show little or no overall relation (Harms, Wood, & Spain, 2016; Wood, Gardner, & Harms, 2015).
For example, the notion of a decentralized culling regime borne out of the kinds of information-processing suggested here can be implemented and tested.
These glitches can range from minor annoyances (e.g., a personal computer crash) to catastrophic system failures (e.g., a plane crash).
Minimum cost consensus has numerous applications in real- world situations.
One difference is that in humans, food acquisition is more often a group activity involving leaders but in nonhuman animals is usually an individual activity without leaders, and another is that human leaders tend to lead in only one domain but nonhuman leaders typically lead in multiple domains.
For formative construct, the adequacy coefficient (Ra) was used to test validity .
The coefficient pIV provides a consistent estimate of the effect of CSR on the allocation of procurement contracts.
The difference is 11.0% (), The magnitude of the discrimination effect is different in this experiment compared with the previous two, which may be driven by different cities or experiment times.
Customers have varying levels of patience, and they might abandon the system if they wait too long for service.
Based on the findings from previous studies and in line with the trust theory, we adopt the cognitive-affective theory to include two categories of determinants that influence online trust: performance/cognition-based (Competence belief) and affect/personality-based (Disposition belief) trust.
The disproportionate impact of resource loss compared to resource gain is expressed in the much greater effect of resources loss, the speed of that impact, and the length of time the impact remains salient.
In the next section, our research methodology and sample characteristics is reviewed.
To demonstrate adequate discriminant validity, the square root of the AVE from a construct should be higher than 0.707 and should also be higher than the construct's correlations to the other constructs (Gefen et al., 2000).
It is important to control for time, because ideas suggested that were suggested earlier had more time to attract attention from a higher number of commentators and evaluators.
In summary, inclusion of this screen can serve the purpose of reducing the risk of a solution looking for a problem" identified by Verhoeven et al. (2018) and can help ensure a link between the potential contribution of blockchain use cases and supply chain objectives.
These definitions include emotional content, humor, banter, and philanthropic content.
The evidence is especially relevant, given that our focus is on external CSR, not internal CSR.
Therefore, future research may collect information regarding the social networks or other relevant information.
Economic value is defined as the perceived fairness of the price for the level of service quality and the breadth of features offered .
We follow Arellano and Bond (1991) and use the dynamic panel estimator.
The influential authors, organisations, and SCD keywords are discussed in detail based on some visualisation tools.
Managers must therefore realize that having a collaborative personal relationship with their counterparts (usually sales managers; Kaufmann et al., 2018) can generate substantial resilience benefits for collaborative interorganizational relationships when suffering from an unexpected negative event; conversely, adversarial interpersonal relationships can incur additional relational costs.
This assertion provides flexibility and reduces the complexity of ascertaining whether the firm has financial constraints or agency costs.
For example, a root cause assessment could be facilitated by the commonly used approach of the five whys - where actors repeatedly question the underlying reasons for why something exists (Stickdorn and Schneider, 2011).
Considering the endogenous variables, the double responses are strongly correlated.
However, external raters cannot adequately assess the strategic fit and feasibility of ideas from the company's perspective and user ratings are also prone to biases such as reciprocal voting behavior (Hofstetter, Aryobsei, and Herrmann, 2018).
Given the limitations of the health topics of these OHCs, whether the research results can be generalized to all types of OHCs is still unclear.
Thus, learning is a holistic process of adaption to contextual changes, trends, and circumstances that shape individual experience.
Table 2 contains the values of the discrepancy measures and 95% quantiles of their corresponding reference distribution for our example.
The question remains whether it is more impactful to have the teams be empowered and have the autonomy to make their determination of worth.
Interpretation: A lower IT is better, since it means that the user was able to find a satisfactory item in less time.
Further, using the grouping variables in Study 2, we examined the magnitude of differences the between coefficients derived from OLS and multilevel modeling, which allowed us to test the model examined in Study 1 (i.e., climates conceptualized as psychological as opposed to collective).
While previous research has explored the phenomenon of online (public) complaining and underlined that complainers use various online platforms for their complaint (e.g. Hogreve et aL, 2019; Jansen et al., 2009; Sparks and Bradley, 2014), it has not considered a systematic analysis of complaint media.
Firms need to make sure about the quality of data in all steps of data processing and analysis including the initial data collection, data storage, data retrieval, and data preparation for analysis [5].
Procurement of products and services by public institutions: public procurement: is recognized as a major market force.
Furthermore, these strategies can be adopted by the BM retailer to increase its profits even when customers do not exhibit showrooming behavior.
For example, Cachon et al. (2015) study how dynamic pricing can be used to improve social welfare in a ride-sharing context, and Bimpikis et al. (2016) demonstrate how spatial balance of a ridesharing system can improve its market efficiency and how this balance can be achieved through compensation schemes.
Coupled with order book smoothing (OBS), where orders are released gradually to production, this provides 3D printers with two distinct ways to manage demand variability.
Environmental frames, which are dissimilar to and incompatible with agrarian and industry frames, appear to have a penalizing effect on organizations that identified with the agrarian meaning and produced biodiesel from agrarian sources.
Note that, trade-in effort may directly affect consumer behaviors, and thus the optimal decisions on trade-in rebate and strategies.
Chesbrough (2011a, 2011b) brought OI to the services realm by referring to the aforementioned as open service innovation, positing that organizations should apply service co-creation logic to innovation by collaborating with customers throughout the innovation process, and by partnering with other stakeholders to develop new solutions that focus on customer benefits rather than service features.
Of note, a full assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of each type of encounter requires further study of clinical outcomes, financial return on investment for payers/society, improvement in patient experience and provider wellbeing when the immediate crisis ends.
In addition, the interaction term between CSRhat and SVI is significantly positively related to Tobin's q.
Meanwhile, more and more consumers pay more attention to the freshness of product with the improvement of living standards.
Our paper adds to the extant literature in a number of ways.
Therefore, 116 questionnaires were obtained and were considered valid for the purposes of this survey.
Under such criteria, candidate locations for the facilities are selected from a number of alternative locations.
We assessed Twitter customer engagement in terms of firms number of following, the evolution of followers, number of customer comments, favorites, and retweets per firms tweet with data collected from the firms Twitter site.
We conduct extensive numerical experiments to illustrate the behavior of the optimal price and wage rates as predicted by our modeling framework.
For example, as documented in HBS case studies on Cathay Pacific and General Dynamics (McFarlan and Seger, 1993; McFarlan and Young, 2003), the outsourcing process is a key mechanism through which firms retire resources that are not generating sufficient benefits.
We examined whether there were differences between published (i.e., journal articles) and unpublished (i.e., dissertations, conference papers, book chapters, and reports) studies.
Third, new forms of governance are required for digital transformation.
A conclusion of the above analysis can be seen in Table 9.
For example, Schroeder et al. (2002) found a correlation between internal and external learning capability, providing further evidence of the relationship between internal and external integration capability.
The participants were again asked to judge their perceived level of interorganizational and interpersonal trust in the buying organization and purchasing manager, respectively.
Clemons (2008) defined informedness as the degree to which consumers know about products, availability, attributes, and prices in the marketplaces.
For example, studies sought to understand how users engage in "media multitasking, which refers to how users switch their attention between media (Brasel & Gips, 2011, p. 311).
The typical behavior was to open a new thread for each new question.
Therefore, manipulating readability may serve as a tool for companies to obfuscate inferior CSR information in comprehensive CSR narrative disclosures.
Traditional employment relationships are in decline and are giving way to the rise of alternative work arrangements (Katz & Krueger 2017).
First, in Model DR the retailer's profit may be increasing in the investment cost parameter of PIR, k.
Results: Overall, 73.3% of patient allergy, drug-drug interaction, and duplicate drug alerts were overridden, though the rate of overrides varied by alert type (P< .0001).
With this in mind, the review methodology used in this paper followed the method of Denyer and Tranfield (2009) and consisted of five distinct steps which are outlined in Figure 1 and which are now described in detail.
The deterministic model corresponding to the problem under study and that serves as the basis for their probabilistic model is: subject to: .
In contrast to the statistical sampling used in surveys, case study research chooses cases for theoretical reasons (Eisenhardt, 1989; Glaser and Strauss, 1967; Meredith, 1998).
However, this observation should be interpreted with caution given the nongranular level at which we study network behavior.
Given Amazon's entry pattern, we next evaluate the impact of Amazon's entry on products.
For every two conditional attributes a similarity matrix is completed.
Finally, we pre-tested and pilot-tested the questionnaire before collecting large-scale data.
In addition, unreasonable results may be produced as well.
Then, as activity 8 is an immediate successor of activity 2, and immediate predecessor of activity F, it can be inserted either between activities 2 and 4, or between 6 and F. Suppose that we (randomly) placed it between activities 2 and 4, then four positions are now possible for activity 7 (see Figure 8).
And under which condition does knowledge creation deliver best performance?
The results indicate that the importance of service functionality dimensions varies depending on the current level of service assimilation, namely, the importance of information search functionalities decreases while the importance of ownership and retirement functionalities increases as the firms move from the awareness stage to the general deployment stage.
While early work on leader individual differences tended to be mostly descriptive and atheoretical (Zaccaro et al., 2013), later research has reflected two sets of explanatory mechanisms used by leadership scholars to specify the leader qualities expected to predict leadership outcomes.
This also includes potentially business-relevant CSP information.
We set 0.4 for ECC and Envi, and 0.1 for Com and Empl.
Finally, the context where the firm is situated influences the relevance of a specific issue to the firm and in turn, influences the amount of attention that the firm allocates to that issue (Ocasio, 1997, 2011).
Tools sophistication refers to the maturity and complexity of the tools (Raymond and Pare, 1992) which captures the level of technological expertise within the organization (Chwelos etal., 2001).
However, since service quality is a collection of several attributes (i.e., dimensions), it is significant to also investigate the other dimensions especially those that are of low priority.
Second, mutual trust and respect are the basis of maintaining long-term relationships, which can effectively reduce the risk of uncertainties and opportunistic behaviors, thus promoting cooperation between different functions in QM practices, such as regular interdepartmental quality conferences and joint research on quality problems.
Additional research lines open from the consideration of other optimization objectives, for which very little work exists for the DPFSP.
All information above is common knowledge, except for that specified as private information.
Interventions in conflicts within social groups are rare and have yet to be the subject of systematic study.
ADTs data under two different accelerated variables were utilized to estimate the lifetime of LEDs by Tsai et al. in.
Being a potential validity threat for research findings (Jones, 2009), it is important to test for common method biasness prior to testing hypotheses of the study.
Comparing the fit of models 1 and 2, the log likelihood ratio is 16.3 with ap value less than 0.001, suggesting that model 2 significantly improved on model 1.
We generated interaction terms between the CEO narcissism/hubris variables and the count of interlocked peer firms that were performing more or less CSR.
Training, appraisal system, and rewards help employees to engage in proenvironmental behaviors as a consequence of greater environmental awareness, autonomous motivation, and strong intention to protect the environment (Dias-Sardinha & Reijnders, 2001).
This becomes even more important when ecosystems compete for members, so that members may decide to shift to another ecosystem if the conditions no longer favor them.
However, there is a need for further research into these areas.
Third, the algorithm eliminates patterns that are less complete versions of other patterns.
However, to our best knowledge, the related papers pay little attention to the loss-averse retailer S optimal purchase decisions on the option contract.
Retailer Channel Details We collected data from a national jewelry retailer that implemented STS.
In other words, borrower 1 modified his/her interest not only to reach the loan consensus interval, but also to satisfy the specific relationship with the group interest rate in order to reach the loan consensus.
These gratifications are met as platform-swinging also provides the required gratification opportunities to fulfill them by allowing users to navigate structural, social, and norm constraints.
Therefore, a negative relationship between customer pressure and GP or ESC exists when DCs are very low.
Entities may need to work together across state lines, and entities that may be unknown to each other at the time of administration of medical services may need to collaborate to effectively care for the patient.
Such studies place younger users born after the 1980s on one side of the gap (i.e., DNs) and adults born prior to the 1980s on the other side (i.e., DIs).
This stream of research highlights the need to discover levers that induce workers to achieve high speed without sacrificing quality.
A shared mode of transportation is likely to be applied to move experts servicing the manufacturing systems, as well as materials, parts and products.
The entity's involvement in the definition of a technical strategy for the firm in these new domains has not previously been considered in the literature addressing opportunistic behaviour which leads to a set of relationships with novel suppliers.
Offering similar training to all frontline service employees using the delight properties described here as a guide will enable them to gauge individual customers' expectations and hence give them an opportunity to enhance the customers' experience by tailoring service delivery to match those expectations.
Recently, this finding has also been confirmed for firms in emerging economies (Chan, 2010; Hu, 2010).
In China's case, university-government research collaboration is particularly important because most universities are governed by local, provincial, or state governments.
They include exchanges of social obligation by asking and giving favors and hence managers can become insiders of networks (Park and Luo, 2001; Wang et al., 2017).
Some analysts studied elite bargaining and succession events in light of progress towards democratization.
Second, our results suggest that retailers should embrace consumer empowerment.
Fereiduni & Hamzehee (2016) used multi-objective mathematical modeling and a P-robust approach to minimize the unsatisfied demands and the total costs of governments and suppliers in situations where, due to the political constraints, the government of the damaged areas refuses to accept financial aids from international agencies.
The build room allocation has a direct bearing on the notion of capacity utilization in the additive manufacturing process, which can be expressed in one of two ways.
It was measured with a categorical variable having the value of 1 for those managers who had a technological or scientific education and 0 for the remaining cases.
We provide an organizational chart for PremiumCar and a complete list of all affordance-related organizational actions which we discovered in Fig. B1, Appendix B and Table C1, Appendix C.
What evidence, if any, can be inferred of the evolutionary stage of each graphicon type?
Digital technologies also enable the redefinition of value networks (Delmond etal., 2017; Tan etal., 2015a).
The integer representation with global constraints showed the best performance for all analyzed instances and all problem types, however, optimality is hard to prove.
Alexy et al. (2013, p. 272) define selective revealing "as the voluntary, purposeful, and irrevocable disclosure of specifically selected resources, usually knowledge based, which the firm could have otherwise kept proprietary, so that they become available to a large share or even all of the general public, including competitors."
Three companies in the oil and gas sector were also excluded; they do not have any new products but focus primarily on capital projects.
In a first step (panel A), we calculated the treatment effects separately for the two treatments to verify whether the two treatments respond along the same margins of adjustment.
As major themes emerged between and within major concepts, subthemes became apparent and were added to identify nuances, match patterns, and illuminate differences emerging from the data (Ellram, 1996; Tate, et al., 2010).
The concept of interactivity has generated a considerable amount of research in CMC.
Additionally, though sex similarity and harassment climate were predictive of sexual harassment behavior in the expected directions, their relationships with sexual harassment were considerably smaller or even non- significant when units had high collective justice climates.
McWilliams et al. (2006) and Carter and Easton (2011) discuss how the field of sustainable supply chain management has evolved from a CSR perspective to the more prevalent view of triple bottom line to address environmental and social concerns besides profitability.
In addition, George & Bettenhausen (1990) found that a leader's positive mood was positively related to self-reports of better customer service and negatively related to work groups' voluntary turnover rates.
This can be done through the creation of an actor network map that visually represents the network of actors associated with a service (Patricio, de Pinho, Teixeira and Fisk, 2018; Patricio, Gustafsson and Fisk, 2018).
This revised scale was sent to Sample 3 and a third EFA was conducted using the same procedures for removing cross-loaded items.
Overall, their findings are encouraging in that they found the odds of gaining employment (as indicated by a calculated odds ratio, or OR) were 2.67 times higher for job seekers in treatment groups compared to control groups.
Within each group, participants were randomly assigned to one of three roles: Player A (Firm), Player B (Consumer), or Player C (Worker).
Similarly, the blockchain has been deployed in the food and beverage industry to tackle poverty and ensure fairer and faster payments to small scale farmers.
Once they are released, they are unlikely to be applied in a different context.
We dichotomized these responses into 2 categories: agree (combining agree" with strongly agree") and disagree (combining disagree" with strongly disagree").
In Figure 2, the traditional publication outlets for DSS are found on the right-hand side of the visualization, as represented by the journal Decision Support Systems and by OR/MS journals and Transportation journals positioned above.
In fact, societies with strong economic background were considered highly developed and vise-versa [1].
To further illustrate the effectiveness of LS heuristic, Figure 2 shows the Pareto fronts obtained by BDE and LSDE for a 1000-job 100-machine instance.
Triads are fundamental to research on social networks from both sociological (e.g., Simmel 1950) and psychological approaches (e.g., Heider 1958).
More than half (%) of the organizations had been using social media in their organization for more than  years.
Once the pilot is deemed successful, the SO/GI team can begin to expand the process to 1 or 2 other locations within the organization, while continuing to monitor and assess the process at all locations.
This is particularly true for firms with complex products/ processes and those with long product life cycles.
C) is less likely than the simple model to be true: p > pjp2(1 :  p3).
It is possible to infer that in a high power distance situation, in order for employees to voice their opinions, leader's engagement of empowering leadership alone is not sufficient, but the focal employee's high level of past performance also needs to be considered, which is not the case in a low power distance situation.
These and other possible variations of coopetition deserve further investigation within and beyond the context of the automotive industry.
Although the research team was not able to articulate the SPC insights described in Section 4.1 immediately after the intervention, the explanation of the observed dynamics of the transition emerged soon after the data was first analyzed, albeit not as fully developed as presented here.
Contracts that use private ordering can reshape developer property rights in order to make ideas available to other developers with the goal of fostering higher rates of innovation.
Therefore, it is important to compare parameter estimates between an FMM and a CFA model to ensure their comparability.
Like Systematic Selectors, they established a dedicated startup function.
Despite the high accuracy that can be achieved using MCS method, the required significantly large number of calls to the limit state function presents a major challenge for many applications where evaluation of structure or system performance is very costly.
Fourth, there are ethical and privacy issues to consider.
Indeed, this content analysis revealed that less than a dozen articles on new technologies have appeared in JPIM over the past decade.
However, none of these constructs appeared more than once across the studies in our sample.
It is, moreover, worthwhile to explore why some firms are more eagerly adapting their supplier management practices to startups than others.
Combining jewelry retailer transaction data with customer survey responses, they suggest retailers might mitigate the impact of unpleasant store ambience on returns by improving the competence levels of sales associates.
Dynamic capabilities indicate the ability the firm has to combine and coordinate external resources in order to gain and internalize new knowledge from other organizations within new processes (Wu, 2007).
With the exclusion of the minority class, job satisfaction and dissatisfaction were found to be essentially unidimensional rather than bidimensional as previous research had suggested.
As an example, how can hospitals collaborate with physicians to improve quality in the face of gain sharing prohibitions from regulators?
Scholars have developed many ideas about what types of organi zational outcomes board gender composition may affect and provided theoretical reasoning for their intuitions.
Flow theory can be used as a theoretical lens to understand these effects (Csikszentmihalyi, 1975; Csikszentmihalyi and Csikszentmihalyi, 1988).
Demand forecasts are critical for efficient SCM because they provide firms with the advantage of planning and anticipating for future needs (Slimani et al., 2015).
To test the interaction model, we followed a two-stage approach to form the interaction term (social media capability * e-commerce capability) (Fassott etal., 2016).
The table contains frequency values that range from 8 (m = 0.1143) to 34 (m = 0.4857) of tallied responses.
Psychological contract breach is considered a work-related stressor (Costa & Neves 2017a, Gakovic & Tetrick 2003,
Following this, we included two additional studies designed to illustrate the importance of distinguishing honest from deceptive IM tactics.
Mars in particular was deeply damaged by Jupiter,s attack, as well as by its own strategic straddling and poor innovation.
In our context, benefit segmentation is in line with the claim for mutuality in UBC (Mindruta, 2013).
This profile ranked second in two-point field goals, free throws, assists, steals, and turnovers.
The individual skills variables play the role of reducing the costs of transactions, Internet trust is supposed to decrease the cost, income might increase the benefits, and the sociodemographic variables may have more ambiguous signs, except for Nationality which may signal higher benefits (access to a wider offer of products and services) andor lower costs (foreign language, for instance).
The first three numbers refer to a randomly assigned user ID, and the last number is a running count of the user contribution.
ROR: Scope- From selling engines to selling engine capacity.
More deeply, this work has a largely atheoretic focus on value capture (i.e., revenue models), but neglects value creation (i.e., activities).
Significant at the 10% level, Significant at the 5% level andSignificant at the 1% level.
In other words, he thought their jealousy undermined his ability to succeed.
He considers that the demand information is private for the buyer and has two types (high and low).
Lexicon-based approaches utilize pre-defined lists of terms that are categorized according to different affect dimensions (Mohammad, 2012).
For example, Mercadona (a leading Spanish retailer) often leverages its technical IT resource infrastructure to better coordinate its new product development unit to convert a sensed potential customer need (i.e., market and customer knowledge) into a potential new product development (i.e., knowledge transformation and application, or knowledge exploitation) (Benitez etal. 2015).
The next sections introduce some of the emerging opportunities and directions for consumer neuroscience.
At TechCo, the founder, CEO, COO, IT Head, and Programming Head were interviewed.
Actor characteristics impacting willingness and capacity to use IM.
We couch our arguments along three key areas for future research.
The leadership role is then to monitor these levels and work to increase them.
In the first test, I rerun my primary specification (in Table 4) with a logged dependent variable.
Finally, there exist systems that are not easily classified, as single-unit or multi-unit, for example, a continuously welded rail or a road pavement.
In smart services, every device, machine, sensor, connection and robot that contributes to service delivery may fail at some point, and the data on which the service depends may be lost, changed, inaccurate, or contradictory.
Therefore, in certain situations, the DM is not able to fully define the descriptors (c) of the decision problem and, therefore, also his needs regarding the characteristics (m) of the MCDA method.
The analysis by geographical location showed that the most efficient hospitals are located in the departments of Cauca and Guaviare, while the most inefficient are in the departments of Antioquia and Choco.
There are two competing perspectives on IT use in the literature, i.e., conscious use and automatic use.
In this paper, the barriers to I4.0 adoption as well as their significance, issues, drawbacks, and challenges are discussed.
Physicians may insert the question, being both pro-social and eliciting a patient report of the post-surgical state, in openings of medical consultations.
Integration further involved the matching of schemas and customer identifiers.
The findings demonstrate that breach is associated with attitudes (e.g., job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and turnover intentions) and individual effectiveness (e.g., organizational citizenship behaviors and in-role performance) and that those affective reactions (e.g., violation and mistrust) mediate these relationships (Zhao et al. 2007).
Therefore, the supplier would provide the zero-interest delayed payment to the retailer to maximize its profit under delayed payment.
Practically, for m = 3, the RPD values of BA-VNS are very small, which indicates that BA-VNS can usually converge to the approximately optimal solution.
There were no significant differences in patient activation scores among the 3 groups in unadjusted (P  0.392) or adjusted (P  0.418) analyses (Table 2).
This study was proved by the Institutional Review Board (Michigan State University, IRB#: 12-1308-Leadership, Teams, and Employee Work Outcomes).
Services-related research has focused on the effects of economic crises at a macrosectoral scale (Das etal., 2011) as well as the impacts of crises and disasters on specific sectors including healthcare (Ifanti et al., 2013), financial services (Talani, 2011), retail (Ion, 2014), hospitality and tourism (Jiang et al., 2019), and the non-profit sector (Bridgeland et al., 2009).
Gruber and Koutroumpis (2010) assessed the impact of mobile telecommunications on economic development of 192 countries over the period 1990-2007.
As a remedy, we propose sent2affect: that is, we employ not only a different dataset but also a different task (namely, sentiment analysis).
In her proposed approach, AHP is used to determine the weights of the selection criteria, and PROMETHEE is employed to obtain a complete ranking.
CW-based systems offer the advantages of being low cost and easily transportable.
Preference of user u on post i is defined as Eq. (1).
After defining the problem and selecting the relevant variables, the second step, preliminary examination of the data, follows.
Such short periods of time leave no doubt that foresight and preparation for switchover is the right approach also in after-sales operations.
Nowadays, the main wastewater pollution is transferred from "industrial sewage" to "domestic sewage".
In this approach, all items are forced to fit on a single factor representing method effects.
The intent of this article is to build a new consensus around avoiding elongated causal chains.
For personal relevance, another 11 mentions were made, such as how information could be adapted to one's personal situation.
We might well expect to see more published empirical studies based in non-North American workplaces.
Since the data were all collected from product development firms in the US, and hypothesis testing involved only those firms that had actually used 3DP for innovation, it can be assumed that 3DP technology was available and known to all participating firms.
Shared distribution centers are closely related to the problem of UCCs; we discussed related research in Section 3.
However, the authors found that when given the opportunity to personally present their ideas to the raters, the confidence and enthusiasm shown by narcissists tended to result in elevated ratings of creative performance.
Specifically, practices for creating more diverse workforces, facilitating productive relations between members of diverse groups, and building inclusive work environments have been created.
For instance, the data lakes can hold a massive amount of raw data in its native format, and the data stored in the lake becomes accessible as soon as it is created (Ramakrishnan et al., 2017).
Fourthly, the desired outcomes in terms of university contributions to regional development varied accordingly.
The hypothesis related to a firm economic presence is also verified.
In part, this reflects the fact not only that the methods of economics and psychology are quite different, but also that each discipline has somewhat different analytical priorities (Akerlof, 2011).
Many supplier assessment metrics (Huang & Keskar, 2007) based on historic track records are not applicable to startups because they have little history.
First, we used an alternative operationalization for product performance.
In addition, we recognize that, in some simulation studies, traditional cluster analysis has been able to more effectively uncover the underlying profile solution in the data compared to LPA (for further reading, see Shireman, Steinley, & Brusco, 2016; Steinley  & Brusco, 2011).
The actors in a service triad must form a transitive triadthat is, all actors are connected through relationships, hence no structural holes exist between the actors (Cartwright & Harary, 1956; Madhavan et al., 2004).
A sample item for mimetic pressure (Cronbach's alpha = 0.78) includes "Regular records based on word-class standards has been well implemented in our business."
Hiring reputable auditors is also effective.
The impact on the research institutes' scientific performance increases linearly with the structural holes their span in the UR collaboration network, whereas the research institutes' structural holes affect their scientific performance in an inversely U-shaped manner in IR and IUR collaboration networks.
We introduce relevant literature in Section 2.
We consider the saturation level of 120.
As pickers operate on fixed tours in such a system, this mode of dynamic order processing is also denoted as milk-run picking.
They assessed 27 economies in the Asia and the Pacific region in the United Nations' Human Development Index study with the data of the year 2005.
Table III describes a summary of each of the 52 papers.
A technology platform is defined as a group of common or reused building blocks which are adopted by external firms to build related products or services as a module of the platform (Mcintyre & Srinivasan, 2017; Gawer, 2014, Baldwin & Woodard, 2008).
During the meetings, two members propose several recent scientific advances that may work.
The result easily follows from the put-ll parity relationship between V2 and V3.
As emerged from the initial ad hoc projects carried out by Canon subsidiaries to automate data collection and invoicing, connecting printers to the Internet raised issues in terms of security, doubts about complexity and costs due to hardware and software modifications.
Example positive affect items were "enthusiastic" and "energetic"; example negative affect items were "anxious" and "frustrated."
Tray-level QR codes linked to a blockchain could be implemented without delay.
The profits for the supplier and the e-tailer are respectively.
These companies feature a strong innovation and technology focus.
The system control can be adapted by widening one area and narrowing the other (Ivanov and Sokolov 2010).
Similar measures have been used in the literature to operationalize these constructs (e.g. Freel, 2003; Leiponen and Byma, 2009; Roper et al., 2008; Schmiedeberg, 2008).
Traditionally considered to be a developmental relationship through which a more knowledgeable or experienced individual shares such resources to help with another person's growth and advancement (Kram 1988), research has shown improved attitudes, such as organizational commitment and career satisfaction, and higher outcomes, compensation, and promotion rates, for those who receive such resources from a mentor (Allen et al. 2004).
In terms of the same algorithm, multi-observation data sets are better than multidimensional data sets.
It constitutes an attempt to approach CSR in a different way from other analyses which have focused on either human value of CSR or background variables of CSR.
While many attributes can be used to detail the differences in theoretical perspectives, we use two due to their clarity and simplicity: specificity (how precise are the results in describing the subjects) and parsimony (how simple are the results to meaningfully interpret).
In todays competitive environment, firms must constantly reconfigure and update the means through which they do business to remain competitive.
For OSCM, a myriad of ways in which blockchain could transform practice are identified, including: enhancing product safety and security; improving quality management; reducing illegal counterfeiting; improving sustainable supply chain management; advancing inventory management and replenishment; reducing the need for intermediaries; impacting new product design and development; and, reducing the cost of supply chain transactions.
At the unit level, we find evidence that operational failures can moderate the influence of workarounds on a nursing-intensive objective patient outcome.
Moreover, whereas 30 firms utilize high big data and have low DQ, 18 firms utilize low big data and have high DQ.
There are two main gaps in the IS literature that we try to fulfill: (1) social commerce literature lacks an understanding on the interaction of social media and e-commerce from a firms perspective and capabilities5 view and (2) business value of IT literature vaguely studies social media and e-commerce capabilities as a way to improve firm performance through customer engagement.
Moreover, factory workers from rural areas are hesitant to contribute to the social insurance program because of substantial barriers in the cross-province transfer of social insurance benefits.
Meanwhile, the desired ranking of alternatives for the decision maker is .
An evolutionary approach suggests that certain neural mechanisms may be involved when individuals decide to give up their autonomy to follow another individual.
Three articles concerned the relation between presidential systems and succession.
A similar polynomial regression model is applied to impose the constraint.
Given the differing theoretical perspectives on structural holes, we propose competing hypotheses linking structural holes to our two focal performance dimensions.
We first reviewed construct-to-item loadings for our reflective constructs to identify whether item loadings were sufficient to warrant inclusion of an item under a specified construct.
Regarding the capacity planning issue, there are several studies in the literature.
Including CVs generally reduces statistical power (Carlson & Wu, 2012).
The positive relationship between the supplier's economies of scale and selection probability will be weaker when the buyer is more innovative than when the buyer is less innovative.
How can we facilitate co-creative service design, where those being served also participate in the systems planned to offer a variety of service solutions to their problems?
The five GMRG data sets used in this study contain quasi-random samples of mostly single respondents in irregularly spaced periods, with a partly changing set of questions and countries.
More specifically, we explicate how a TMT's cognitive frame influences innovation decisions and how the active management of this process has substantial strategic value for the firm.
Based on the above analysis, we can arrive a conclusion that for the weighted OI networks, the weighted measures are more effective and accurate than the un-weighted measures to better reflect the real status of knowledge transfer efficiency.
Given the infusion of frontline service technologies, other aspects of service excellence should be included.
Profile browsing may thus have a "mere exposure" effect on social capital formation.
This change is being nurtured by both external influences and internal developments within the university itself (Etzkowitz and Dzisah, 2008).
Moreover, the proposed analytic infrastructure shows to be a systematic method to support managers in making operational decisions, as well as the expansion of competence sets and the integration of otherwise isolated information.
A widely used service categorization is Lovelock's (1983) recipient of service and task-type matrix which distinguishes whether a service is targeted at people or their possessions, and whether these services are tangible or intangible in nature.
Yet this outcome can lead to immutable changes to the logistics, information, and financial networks that support human consumption, production, and existence.
Specifically, when both r and k are relatively high (see Zone IV), the supplier gains the highest profit under delayed payment when the initial capital is relatively low.
The following theorem further shows that this tension is most prominent under moderate remanufacturing efficiency.
The main argument that is put forward in existing research is that big data analytics can allow firms to make sense of vast amounts of data and reconfigure their strategies based on trends that are observed in their competitive environment [46].
While empirical studies centered on the competitive performance gains of developing a BDAC are rather scarce, some research has demonstrated a positive overall association [5,18,21].
When we view leadership from these perspectives, the cultural contingency perspective of leadership as well as, for example, the Global Leadership and Organizational Behavior Effectiveness (or GLOBE) project (House et al. 2001) and associated findings (e.g., Aktas et al. 2016, Javidan et al. 2006; but also see Graen 2006) seem to provide new insights on the way leadership and leadership effectiveness can be conceptualized.
It is reasonable to assume that other intermediaries may have the same fear of being removed from supply chains and resist its deployment.
All of the firms we selected had fewer than 250 employees and a turnover between EUR1 million and 50 million.
In addition, customers' self-worth may be at stake also when they realize after entering a service establishment that the service costs more than they had anticipated.
Price deflators for sales, materials and capital are taken from the Norwegian National Accounts.
Information can be given in an aggregated form, which facilitates a focused evaluation (Born, 1997).
Even the mere risk of others may disapproving one's behavior often motivates people to behave in a conforming fashion, because it could lead to a decrease in public image (Rege and Telle, 2004).
The reasons cited for alert overrides varied by alert type, as did the most common reasons cited for overrides in each category (Table 1).
After the experiment, they are debriefed and learn that none of their decisions mattered at all.
Leaders must establish the right incentives, combined with supportive systems, processes and roles, to help generate a multitude of ideation approaches, across both individual and collective processes.
In the following, we use P* to refer to any one of these inventory levels.
In model 3, we set where financial constraints are determined and estimated through equation (13).
In other words, the inclusion of an agent's reactive strategy in face of disruptions into our ABM plays an important role in reducing the negative impact of supply chain disruptions.
Managing these constraints would require the use of alternative and effective, yet low-cost alternatives and channels, including but not limited to mobile financial services, digital banking and agency banking.
Because turnover is a categorical dependent variable, we used logistic regression to examine our hypotheses.
Internal consistency has seen considerable attention over the past few decades, primarily with Cronbach's alpha (Sijtsma, 2009), which was possible as it did not require repeating measure administration (Streiner, 2003).
The ability of firms to develop, produce and successfully introduce innovations to the market is related to competitive advantage (Lengnick-Hall, 1992).
When associated with university housing - co-living - offers, universities need to adapt their booking systems.
The main contribution of this work is: (1) To choose update points around LSSs, three new system active learning functions based on expectation risk function are respectively defined for parallel, series and combined systems.
Our paper also speaks to the literature on corporate citizenship and political CSR, which is concerned with the political duties and actions of corporations (Whelan, 2012) that step in where there is a lack of global regulation or where the local institutional environment is relatively weak (Matten and Crane, 2005).
What is the Down Sideof Organizational Citizenship Behavior?
We argue that at the core of ecosystems lie nongeneric complementarities, and the creation of sets of roles that face similar rules.
Opportunism has traditionally been associated with a heavy reliance on third partiessuch as banks, financial bookers, and auditing firmsand limited transparency among the parties.
The proposed method in Fanaeetork and Yazdi (2013), is based on vector space model which the users' profiles are enriched using ontologies.
Identification with a group, however, depended on perceived warmth in their model, and groups that were high on perceived warmth developed more distributed (denser) leadership structures.
Finally, the innovation process relies on knowledge transfer: units learning from each other and benefiting from knowledge developed by other units (Kogut and Zander, 1992; Tortoriello, Reagans, and McEvily, 2012; Tsai, 2001).
With respect to quality, we find that a significantly larger share of the designs created by remixers are printed by members of the community.
Notably, we do not suggest a parallel hypothesesfor gender diversity in relation to low cooperative climate, shared leadership, and performance.
SVMs have demonstrated their superior capability in breast cancer diagnosis.
In many applied settings, this is likely to occur as manipulations (like measures) in organizational research are often imperfect.
From Theorem 1, we can compute the worst-case expectation over an ambiguity set F, by enumerating all of the extreme points of the corresponding dual feasible set, .
Finally, prior invasion experience is related to privacy concern.
Such system behavior supports users by avoiding undesired surprises (e.g., unpredictable systems crashes); users trust that a system will behave according to accepted principles.
Accordingly, this paper proposes incorporating TSR, service design and social entrepreneurship in an interdisciplinary framework given their individual contributions to our knowledge of the pursuit of human wellbeing.
While for-profit businesses rely on market activities and non-profits and NGOs that are specifically social mission-oriented rely on contributions from donors, social enterprises are mission- oriented ventures that both compete in the market and address complex social problems (Battilana & Lee 2014; Dacin, Dacin, & Tracey, 2011).
Similarly, following the specification in Table 3, we formally test the existence of discrimination and the impact of self-claimed information on discrimination; the results are displayed in panel C of Table 6.
How can service design foster happiness while ensuring that the many hardships experienced by vulnerable consumers are respected by service providers?
This, in turn, is likely to strengthen both the positive effects of family ownership on potential AC (though power concentration) as well as the negative effects of family ownership on realized AC.
Offers insights on the heterogeneous effects of the family-induced socioemotional wealth considerations that lead to a greater or lesser capacity to innovate.
Unlike boundary organizations such as the Office of Technology Transfer at NIH (Guston 1999) belonging to one sphere, the hybrid organizations studied remained independent.
For example, knowledge, skills, abilities, and personality traits, which do not vary appreciably within short timeframes, should be more important antecedents of job performance at longer timeframes, whereas personality states and affective states should be more important antecedents at shorter timeframes.
While the FCC rules do not target every industry, it is impossible to completely isolate potential downstream effects to related industries or interconnected supply chains (e.g. the rubber industry, which may supply coatings for telecom wires).
We used subsidiaries' CEO responses according to previous studies (Liu etal., 2006; Minbaeva, 2007; Bresciani and Ferraris, 2016).
R&D capability shows that firms have sufficient prior technological knowledge in selecting and judging critical technologies that derive much greater benefits from a given set of technological know-how.
However to be a TBF is a necessary but not a sufficient condition to become a TB&InnF. Within the framework of the resource-based view (RBV), this study examines the role of knowledge-, technology-, managerial-based capabilities and manager's education background as determinants of a firm's development as TB&InnF.
The model is compared with DT-based and NN-based boosting on several standard datasets.
Accordingly, ESM studies with shift workers are relatively rare (cf.
First, the sheer volume of similar and overlapping leader behavior constructs is problematic because it violates the principle of parsimony.
Reviews that stress particular aspects of the product may have a stronger effect on sales, even though the rating and the overall sentiment of the review are the same.
Of particular interest for our purpose is an anatomical division of the PNS, the autonomic nervous system, which innervates internal organs and whose activity is independent from our voluntary control (for a review on the ANS, see Gabella, 2012).
Therefore, buyer finance is always preferred (by Theorem 4).
Consequently, few problems related to IP rights with the university arise.
Social identity theory involves how individuals perceive their belonging to a particular group and act to favor this group, "classifying themselves and others into several social categories (e.g., organizational membership, religious affiliation, gender, and age cohort) " (Ashforth & Mael, 1989, p. 20).
However, there has been little theory development or research regarding how PCO might develop over the lifespan.
Philanthropic content has been studied in the context of advertising effectiveness (Tucker 2016), and Berger and Schwartz (2011) documented that the interestingness of content, such as mentions of remarkable facts, is effective in generating word-of-mouth.
Although the authors do not suggest this, we propose considering such results as reflective of culturally based differences (i.e., individual versus collectivist values) in the way resources cement marital relationships.
We begin by examining research on protean careers and measures of the PCO.
Our experiment follows the tradition in organizational economics to focus on incentives and contract design.
To reassure the validity of the construct in its nomological net, its (i.e., the constructs) impact on the innovation implementation effectiveness was analyzed.
Given the projected air traffic growth forecast by IATA, if no operation is taken considering increased air traffic density, the number of separation loss cases will be more than doubled in two decades.
Person-vocation and person-job fit are considered complementary types of fit because they relate to attributes such as preferences, needs, and abilities that are complemented by environmental supplies and demands or vice versa.
To fill the gap of normalizing all the benefit, cost and targetbased criteria values by the vector normalization, we introduce a target-based vector normalization formula based on the distance between each judgment and its corresponding target value, shown as: where t is the scale of the LTS S.
The discussion section draws out the three conceptual implications for multinational strategy research, and we conclude by highlighting the boundary conditions of our study and the need for further research on economic nationalism in international strategy scholarship.
Under the identity , Definition 1 does not accurately reflect asymptotic optimality and indeed methods that do not account for the unknown effect of the decision (e.g., if we apply our methods without regard to this effect, ignoring data on will not reach the full-information optimum given by (19).
However, it may lose some important information as the sample region is reduced to a finite MC population.
Although these techniques are rooted in different methodological traditions, have divergent assumptions, and offer somewhat different utility, our hope is that organizational scholars continue to examine and apply them in tandem.
In addition, there are a handful of methodological approaches, such as the 2SLS estimation, that can be used to account for endogeneity when true randomization is not plausible (see Antonakis et al., 2010, 2014).
Corporate headquarters are responsible for providing the strategic leadership necessary to -leverage corporate resources across regions and divisions in order to fully utilize the innovative capacity of the multimarket firm (Dewhurst et al., 2011; Menz, Kunisch, & Collis, 2015).
The results show that our proposed model is appropriate for current hotel practical situations.
Familiarity was .72, trust was .83, form factor was .84, perceived ease of use was .88, perceived usefulness was .92; utility was .86; word of mouth was .90; intention to search was .79; and intention to buy was .77 (Kline 2015).
The very nature of Smart Manufacturing and Industry 4.0 leads to the use of plug and play physical and decisional components, changing easily the configuration of the system.
The hypotheses highlight the two ways in which EAS leads to value: IT-driven change and business-driven change.
As shown in Equation 5, we use an OLS model of the log-transformed waiting times, with physician fixed effects and our control variables to determine the effect of justification on ED waiting times.
However, there are very few studies that have made a serious study regarding the calculation of the revenues that can be achieved.
We deployed a two stage electronic survey to test our theoretical model.
In sum, we hope that these materials and the panelists' responses to questions surrounding ESM-related theory, methods, and analyses will assist scholars interested in effectively designing, analyzing, and framing their ESM research.
In contrast to trusting beliefs in helpfulness and reliability, trust in functionality is not related to the support a system offers but relates to beliefs about a systems features.
In this case, the prospects for the equal construction of grievable life (Butler, 2003) on social media platforms appear limited at best.
If managerial myopia by incumbents is a barrier to disruption, how can incumbents unlearn entrenched capabilities to refocus and when should this effort begin?
We solve for the least-cost separating equilibrium (e.g., Moorthy and Srinivasan 1995, Desai 2001); the least-cost separating equilibrium essentially minimizes the surge price that is used to signal the platform's type and is the most profitable separating equilibrium for the type H platform.
The most well-known manual of international innovation indicators was established by the OECD's "Oslo Manual 2005," which contains guidelines for gathering and using information about industry innovation activities.
In the audit process, two of the authors read the statements provided by the expert panel and coded them through the same coding process.
In contrast, for a group with a group readiness score that is one standard deviation below the sample mean, the residual variance would be  at the start of the study, and .
Meanwhile, I had observed that many organizations tended to create newforms like a 'garage' or 'campus', outside ofthe line organization and in a cross-functional setting.
The effect of speed on turnout is negative and not significant among both the less and more interested CCES respondents (Columns 3 and 4, Table 3).
This article was written to encourage young faculty and doctoral students to engage in research that can be carried out in near real-time, with truly experimental or quasi-experimental research designs, and with the clear intention of establishing causal inferences that relate the precursors and drivers of observable outcomes through various kinds of processes.
Third, because our study targets consumers who do not presently use a smart home product and service, research on current smart home users, who can be assumed to have low resistance, would be insightful.
As a result, service providers can offer a seamless experience over various touchpoints that customers have to use to interact with the provider.
This is the result of a home-centered paradigm in healthcare services.
In parallel to the narrative analysis, we coded transcripts, memos, and field notes using the qualitative data analysis software package ATLAS.ti.
Both the selection of the number of lags p in model (1) and the optimal number of factors were defined dynamically (at each step of the rolling window of size 60 months): the first considering the Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC); the second looking at those linear combinations which explained at least 20% of the covariance between the residuals of model (1) and the variables in Xt.
First, we provide a broader theoretical foundation for the engagement concept at the paradigmatic level.
The ensemble prognostics method is demonstrated using two case studies.
From a customer perspective, this can lead to cost-effective, personalized and efficient services.
Because the environment encountered by MNE buyers for extending CSR to suppliers in emerging countries is highly dynamic and continuously evolving, which may affect the operating conditions, we consider various time-varying situations that are likely to affect the choices made by MNE buyers for extending CSR.
Buil et al. (2016) argued that employees' attitude is influenced by internal brand communication, brand centered training and transformational leadership.
Yang and Liu (2006) found that the adoption of innovation diffusion in high-tech firms was significantly related to the competition intent of these firms including aggressive technology posture and product development frequency.
Unit members engage in a process known as depersonalization in which they view themselves as embodying the positive traits of the prototypic group member (Stets & Burke, 2000).
By introducing upper bounds on u and v, our ELDR is capable of incorporating such distributional information, even with repositioning capacity constraints.
HRM has the ability to measure and influence employee environment-related behavior, attitudes, knowledge, and motivation.
In the extended linear mixed effects model, the covariance matrix of the response vector is comprised by two subcomponents, a random effect component that can represent between group variation and a intraclass or within group component.
Desai et al. (1996), West (2000), Malhotra and Malhotra (2003), and Hajek (2011) showed that the neural network (NN) model has a significant advantage when a complex nonlinear relationship is presented between credit features.
The present study compared a variety of games with a variety of naturalistic field situations using the same sample of participants.
However, the downside is that more customers buy from the BM store at the lower price set by the online retailer (pm) because of price matching rather than at the BM store's higher posted price (p;).
Machine learning and artificial intelligence, which comprise the fourth module, cover supervised and unsupervised learning methods as well as neural networks.
Kulak et al. and Li et al. also propose a decomposition of the joint batching and routing problem.
As the availability and quality of mobile networks increase, households are subsequently provided with a new decision to make regarding their household connection choices.
The first dimension is the content topic, such as talking about oneself (private) versus talking about other things (public), that is, the level of self-relevance, which is similar to the internal versus external categorization (Sleeper et al., 2013).
Age significantly increases labor productivity for workers who start telework.
Both the levels of reactance and the value of the flagging system were comparable across all four conditions, and the interactions with prior beliefs were nonsignificant.
If, in fact, all resources obtained from fixed claims are obtained through a complete contingent claims contract  as the assumption that shareholders have a unique claim on a firm's economic profits implies  it follows that these exchanges must not be characterized by uncertainty, specific investment, or information asymmetry.
Having well developed dynamic capabilities, particularly within a project including both EA and IT teams working together, is crucial for digital innovation (Sambamurthy etal., 2003).
In the creative industries, an added consideration is the need to manage the tensions between commercial values and social and cultural values (Bielby, 2011; Roberts, 2010).
In line with this idea, Nathan, Mohrman, and Milliman (1991) found that employees' satisfaction with feedback received during performance appraisals positively correlated with the interpersonal relationship between the supervisor delivering the feedback and the supervisee receiving it.
Hence, it is unlikely that the entropy in clicked URLs is driven by churn in search engine results.
As mentioned above, in Model I all decisions are centrally coordinated, yielding the supply chain optimal decisions.
We also recommend the SRMR but note its sensitivity to overestimate results when there are high parameters and large sample sizes (Hooper et al., 2008).
As reported in Table 2, the resource-based view and the theory of dynamic capabilities are especially prominent among agility-related studies published in the Basket ofEight.
We also compared the fit between the one-factor model and the measurement model via LISREL.
In addition, PerSig increases at a higher rate when the correlation between xi and x2 increases.
They look for support and assistance from someone who can render help through sharing task-specific know-how and know-what to handle such situations.
In particular, the dominant focus in these prior studies seems to be on understanding how to create value rather than how to capture it (Chesbrough et al., 2018).
In view of the intricate relationship between endogenous supply and demand through wage and price selections, we develop an analytical framework to examine how an on-demand service firm should set its price rate for the customers and its wage rate for the providers.
Only in a few case studies is it reported how the software and the physical product development processes are fully or partly facilitated using the same overall development practice, i.e., an agile development practice (Huang et al., 2012a, 2012b; Konnola et al., 2016; Eklund and Berger, 2017) or an agile-stage-gate model (Cooper, 2016), albeit with mixed results.
Thus installations are more likely to initiate or propagate domino effects if their rankings of PC are higher than that of ACP.
Over the past decade, learning has been a key concept discussed by many authors.
In all these applications, SCM researchers can provide useful perspectives and considerations for policymakers who seek to balance the benefits of support and incentives for innovation against potential risks of unfair competition and exploitation.
However, such job-role negotiation would be considerate of others, and hence wiser, if the individual took steps to renegotiate the demands placed on the whole team, or if the reallocation of demands was compatible with other team members' needs for development.
The latter fact is surprising, given that deep learning has "dramatically improved the state-of-the-art in speech recognition, visual object recognition, object detection and many other domains" (LeCun, Bengio, and Hinton, 2015, p. 436).
Research is required on how these technologies can be developed to prove useful for platforms, service providers, and users alike.
Fig. 2-a shows a pattern of five cyber incidents (in Section 3.1.3, we will discuss how the pattern of the five attacks changes in the game), and Fig. 2-b presents how the string of cyberattacks affects profits (compare blue and red lines).
The mechanism for such a contract is articulated in the law and economics literature on "private ordering," which is governance via private contract that seeks to achieve welfare gains higher than those provided by a system of public laws (Eisenberg 1976).
In this paper, we divided the literature into two main pillars.
This could explain, for instance, the case of very successful entrepreneurial ventures that capture opportunities at the far-right tail of the distribution.
This is not about a fixed end goal, but the process of sharing knowledge and capability to create a capability to undertake new activities.
The description column of Table 1 is appropriately customized to reflect the conditions of each Philippine government agency.
An additional accessible function is the video call, which would appear to enable Deaf people to communicate in their natural language (Cavender, Vanam, Barney, Ladner, & Riskin, 2008).
However, we believe open innovation is much more purposeful and focused than broad collective intelligence or crowdsourcing (Afuah & Tucci, 2013).
These challenges are heightened among the least acculturated migrants in host countries, with research indicating that acculturation levels directly influence migrant use of healthcare services (Davis et al., 2017).
The co-citation frequency of reference A and reference B is calculated based on the frequency with which the two references are cited together in the primary documents (Chen, 2006; Liu et al., 2015; Small, 1973).
As a multi-trillion-dollar market, the syndicated loan sector serves as the largest source of corporate financing activity in the US (Sufi, 2007; Ivashina, 2009).
We argue that social enterprises adopt different SISCM approaches as a response to multiple institutional logics along a continuum between the purely commercial and purely social types.
The privacy calculus suggests that online self-disclosure is based on a cost-benefit trade-off.
Our conclusion is: Based on the extant literature, the business case for being a good firm is undeniable.
Smartphones have rapidly become a tool of choice by consumers, although the first smartphone was launched as late as in 2007.
So it seems possible to state that clusters, by their very nature and function, develop an endogenous process of establishing a collaborative network, "involving national, regional and local entities, Entities of the National Scientific Council, with a common objective to create cooperation and sharing networks to give firms more capacity and support their development", as stated by AS (Case 6).
First, for each of the 89 stores with at least one respondent in the first survey, we calculated the average response to the statement 'the division of tasks is such that everyone does that which she does best', measuring the importance of employee ability in allocating tasks.
This indicates that while task allocation is catered towards enhancing performance, employees in many stores do see room for improving sales performance through changes in task allocation.
As a result, it is no surprise that the text input box to enter problem description was set up as an optional question on the contact screen.
Nevertheless, Montabon et al. (2018) conclude that single-respondent surveys could be a viable research tool if correctly applied.
The objective is to determine which SC designs are considered to be reliable with regards to some robustness or reliability estimations such as p-robustness criterion (i.e. cost bounds in disruption scenarios) in the study by Peng et al. (2011).
In the leadership literature, per-plexingly enough, available theoretical and empirical evidence does not indicate any focus on parsimony (Banks et al., 2016; Hoch et al., 2016; Shaffer et al., 2016).
The interviews with stakeholders addressed their involvement in the innovation process.
Time-related ERS refers to managers modifying or maintaining emotions during their personal involvement with the firm by comparing important aspects of firm-building activity (e.g., benefits, risks, actions) at different times (present versus past or future).
RQ4: What are the most critical aspects to consider when modeling a natural language-based dialog for a Conversational Recommender System?
This paper is one of about 20 commissioned by the editor-in-chief of Manufacturing & Service Operations Management (M&SOM) in connection with the 20th anniversary of the journal.
The number of participants in each situation, after removing the missing data, was 50 in Boxes, 44 in Phone, 59 in Children's Charity, 73 in Environmental Charity, and 48 in Lab Donation.
Zone can either be the same zone as z or a different zone.
Lastly, in the third interaction, the study introduced the notion that forward-looking search may be needed less in concentrated industries.
The Cronbach's alphas for this scale in Samples 4 and 5 were .81 and .91, respectively.
During the construction process, the formation stress induced by excavation would rapidly spread to the surface, which makes the surface subsidence difficult to control.
That is recommended when estimating standardized regression coefficients in small- to medium-sized samples and when dealing with indicators that are correlated (Becker et al., 2013).
Even though is convex in under some reasonable condition on the cost parameters, the state variables in (1) is still of dimensions and suffers from the "curse of dimensionality."
We also searched the reference lists of relevant articles.
Constraint (9-4) shows that the model uses AWAO to assemble the opinions of experts, and obtain the consensus opinion of a group.
This problem of imagining and then communicating possible coalitional enterprises to others is the problem of coalitional entrepreneurship (Lopez, McDermott, & Petersen, 2011).
For example, a buyer organization may search for products in a B2B platform to make a price comparison, however, they may decide to purchase via other channels and refrain from using other platform functions.
Index s represents the size of the vector for control variables.
The RDT onion model clearly exhibited all trust-related factors that possess features of ridesharing from the perspective of the driver.
In the air industry, average domestic fares (adjusted for inflation) have fallen by 50% (Thompson, 2013).
Table I shows that all second-order constructs fulfill the minimum requirements of their acceptability.
For example investigates the optimal inventory level for commodities in an established financial market using this approach.
On the other side, partners' heterogeneity provides firms with different sources of knowledge that are useful for remaining in touch with various scientific domains (Laursen and Salter, 2006).
The other rules revealed real world news stories in 2014 as well.
Finally, the construct will develop an evidence-based practice to focus on resources and capabilities and pay attention to those aspects that are lacking in an organization.
First, nearly all survey respondents (83%) stated that they are currently working or have previously worked as employees with access to a firm's trade secrets.
According to Transparency Market Research (2013), the global market is expected to reach USD 131.9 billion by 2019.
Under this administrative system, the national government has made a series of decrees to guide land-use tenure, land-use rights allocation, and planning activities.
Although the primary goal of crowdfunding is to raise money; for many fundraisers, they may use fundraising as a pre-marketing channel as it can help firms to gain a better knowledge of their consumers.
They consist of heterogeneous data elements, including patient demographic information, diagnoses, laboratory test results, medication prescriptions, clinical notes, and medical images.
The optimal solution can be achieved via a two-phase procedure, which is equivalent to employing lexicographically L and L norms.
For instance, a merit raise can be based on the performance mean score over the whole year, whereas a judgment of the likely range of future performance can be based on peak and trough scores over the year.
The high rank of journals is an indication of the high quality of the renowned publications used in this study.
If so, then LPA may be a more likely choice given the prevalence of antecedent tests using this approach compared to the current use of fuzzy set analysis.
Second, a parallel analysis was used.
The portfolio analysis component led to the Pareto front of near-optimal portfolios depicted in Fig. 3 (vertical axis: normalised risk; horizontal axis: energy savings), none of which included investments in policies P2 (energy upgrade of buildings of the broader public sector), P7 (implementation of the Environment and Sustainable Development programme) and P10 (district heating network design and development).
In contrast, dictionary-based content analysis is free of problems with inter-coder reliability, as standardized dictionaries are used [53].
In addition, we implement ordinal logistic regression (OLR) for the purpose of comparing its performance with the DNN ensemble on the structured data [62, 63].
This increases the potential of generating more homogeneous resources because both of them operate in the same institutional systems with the similar rules, values, obligations and cultures.
Conceptualised as entrepreneurship 'studium generale' students from all faculties might come with entrepreneurial intentions, new business ideas, or technology ideas and earn credit points while attending the classes and progressing their business development.
Interestingly, our data reveal a dynamic relationship between these building blocks of dynamic managerial capabilities, as well as two distinct mechanisms through which ER behaviors foster resource mobilization.
Since nearly all facets of the NPD process are impacted by the tools used by NPD teams (Marion et al., 2012), understanding their influence on the process and outcomes is an important area of investigation.
Using the inputs and outputs of the units, DEA constructs an efficiency frontier by fitting piecewise linear segments to enclose all the units.
Vehicles based on any combination of the vehicle/fuel type and vehicle automation/use attribute are captured.
In this sense, the appropriate level of structural holes is valuable for performance improvement, while too low or too high may be detrimental.
Weick (1979) argues that these interacts cannot be viewed as stable until both (1) the leaders actions become predictable and (2) the followers subsequent actions become predictable (Weick, 1979).
At a conceptual level, it has been proposed that digital technologies can support a firms ability to sense the complexity of its environment in order to design a response that can help maximize its chances of survival through the adaptation or the redefinition of its core activities (Tanriverdi and Lim, 2017).
The system works similarly to the case of Netflix.
The GAM is a generalized linear model with additive predictors consisting of smoothed (e.g., interpolation and curve fitting) covariates.
We then replicate the estimation of Equation (1) using a set of relative time dummies that reflect the rollout of Uber Black.
The operational steps in using screens represents "computing with words" (CWW, Zadeh, 1996, 2010).
The complexity of automatic system optimization is tremendous.
Overall, a list of  organizations was retrieved.
The service provider (e.g., a car rental service) owns multiple units of the product that they make available for rent.
Thus, we can get a conclusion that the efficiency of knowledge transfer should be used as the main measure of knowledge transfer efficiency.
Furthermore, as discussed in the previous section, collaboration with customers and suppliers enables firms to cope with situations in which the underlying product/process technologies and consumer preferences change simultaneously.
In addition to marriage and relationships being transformed, gender roles also have been redefined in the home and in labor markets (Pessin, 2017) with female participation in the workplace seen as ubiquitous and often expected (Goldscheider et al., 2015).
Mayer et al. (1995) posited that trust emerges between two parties who consciously act with altruism.
The WFP country office at Kampala provided the rail transportation rates for this link.
If the patent is granted and issued, both TTOs will typically transfer technology through protecting and then licensing the innovation (Guemes-Castorena and Uscanga-Castillo, 2014).
The value of e-commerce apparel sales in the United States was reported to be 68 billion U.S. dollars in 2016 and this amount was projected to reach 200 billion U.S. dollars in 2020 (Statista, 2017).
The modified DEA is composed of the standard model of DEA, introduced by Charnes et al. [52], and the inverted model of DEA, introduced by Yamada et al. [53].
Further, individuals' attitudes are influenced by the extent to which they believe that performing a behavior will have positive consequences.
In Study 4 we were interested in B1, but in this study we are interested in how the use of a ratio influences B2.
Both payers and healthcare professionals will need to re-examine their historical insistence on face-to-face patientprovider interactions where laying of hands is considered a sacrosanct component of care.
Table 3 presents the aggregate results of the decomposition over time.
Agility focuses more on absorbing uncertainty and seizing opportunities rapidly, as options being exercised, while flexibility is a repertory of options that supports agility (Bernardes and Hanna, 2009).
McCullagh (2013) speaks of "overblown claims" and Seidel and Fixson (2013; p. 31) highlight "the danger of overselling the methods without an appreciation of the limitations and importance of context."
Once relevant theoretical categories emerged through open coding, a rigorous content analysis was performed around each category to see how each category is interlinked.
In addition to the price mechanism, consumers are calling for an extensive set of regulatory measures as they consider other platform users may be opportunistic, leading to problems in the resource sharing process (Hartl et al., 2016).
Second, PremiumCars company headquarters are located in a mid-sized city which is less attractive to young adults.
Comparing with the non-convergent results shown in Section 6.1, the results obtained here demonstrate the effectiveness of the adaptive procedures.
Although farm associations held information sessions and issued press releases to refute environmentalists' claims, these actions failed to stop the stigmatization effect of the environmental frames.
The intersections of the simultaneous move in the game between the retailer and the manufacturer provide the equilibrium point of the Nash game.
These respondents said that they heard rumours in a company that they will soon be replaced by these project line managers, by the chief executive of the company, once these project line managers have the required knowledge to operate this particular software.
Future research could also focus on the conditions (in terms of time series characteristics, data availability, and forecasting horizon) under which judgmental model selection brings more benefits.
Under the current parameter setting, we can calculate the expected cost per unit time of oil pipeline based on the algorithm provided in Fig. 5.
To model EAD, we adopted the following approaches in selecting base regressors and meta-regressors.
It is interesting to contrast this result with the prediction from the alternative view that CSR goods are superior goods.
Rousseau and Fried (2001) defined contextualiza tion as the "linking of observations to a set of relevant facts, events or point of view that make possible research and theory that form part of a larger whole" (p. 1) and listed six important issues related to selecting the right research setting and assessment tools: 1) construct compar ability (e.g., are constructs perceived differently across different con texts?), 2) points of view (e.g., whose points of view are considered in the study?), 3) representativeness (e.g., are the samples employed re presentative of those employed in earlier studies?), 4) range restriction (e.g., do the selection of a specific sample or situational factors affect the variance observed in the criteria?), 5) time (e.g., when were the data collected and are there any possible roles that institutional factors play in influencing the criteria?), and 6) levels (what characteristics of individuals, groups/teams, or organizations are considered?).
The first model is integrated within an entity (e.g., a company), and it relies on a central planner (e.g., the headquarters) to optimize supply chain structure through fiat.
With an increasing need of expert judgment in HRA applications (see e.g., ), the validity of expert judgment should be given further attention.
In the future, the statistical distribution of ratings for all users and items can be considered to set different threshold boundaries for different users and items.
An implicit theory is a lay belief about the controllability that one has over personal attributes such as intelligence, interpersonal skills, andpersonality.
Step 2: Apply the Bartlett sphericity test and estimate the KMO index to verify the suitability for FA.
Interestingly, self-efficacy has been reported to impact actual behaviors (e.g., Milne etal., 2009; Workman etal., 2008), observed behaviors (e.g., Woon etal., 2005), or intentions to perform behaviors (e.g., Ifinedo, 2012).
The literature reviews only present a summary of existing data and thus cause potential noise in the research data.
This is a direct consequence of the payoff structure in the underlying real-option.
With respect to ALK-TCR, its overall performance is between that of AK-SYS and CSF-ALK considering the accuracy, RMSE, and standard deviation of function calls.
Older workers use several techniques to proactively respond to fears about age bias in the job search process, including skill maintenance, lowering their expectations, modifying their resume to conceal their age, improving their appearance so that they seem younger, and using buzz words to illustrate they are up-to-date (Berger 2009, Lyons et al. 2014).A hiring simulation with undergraduate raters suggested that older applicants may benefit from building in evidence that they do not fit common stereotypes of older people into their interview responses (Gioaba & Krings 2017).
Since an employees SNS addiction is shown to be significant in affecting performance indirectlythrough reduced positive emotions and increased task distractionone practical implication is to design intervention programs such as rehabilitation therapy to treat the effects of such addictive behavior.
The bullwhip effect has been traditionally studied with reference to the manufacturing sector.
Indeed, some organizations are beginning to offer "Proactivity Training" in order to encourage new hires to take an active role in their onboarding process.
As a result, they may pursue entrepreneurial activity because they have excess time (as a result of partial employment) or because such activity has a higher expected value than their wage employment opportunities (Acs and Armington 2006, Armington and Acs 2002).
To illustrate the iterative process, twelve iterations are conducted at all the considered time instants, even though the criterion defined by Eq. (29) may be satisfied at early iterations for some time instants.
Again, this indicates that functional diversity positively related to T2 shared leadership under a high cooperative climate.
This suggests that organizations from different contexts can utilize ESNs to make better use of their distributed knowledge and, in this way, increase their performance and potentially gain competitive advantages.
Only when CET contained an extremely low level of negative emotion, as little as one negative emotion embedded word per 100 words at the most, expressing anxiety was inconsistent with CET and not justified for men, and therefore their reviews were not helpful.
First, we used comprehensiveness of the disclosed information because it is vital for judging the quality of transparency (Schnackenberg & Tomlinson, 2016).
In the next two sections of our paper, we introduce hypotheses concerning the roles of both individuals and organizations in interorganizational trust loss and interorganizational trust repair.
In addition, researchers should consider the value of collaboration across research and practice.
Since the buyer's holding cost h and the supplier's direct selling cost s affect the buyer's ability to carry strategic inventory and the supplier's ability to sell directly, in the following proposition, we establish the existence and uniqueness of the subgame perfect equilibrium for any combination.
All parameters which were applied multiple times (e.g. range restrictions) are summarized to one overarching parameter.
In particular, by administering surveys to employees, customers and public stakeholders, researchers may better depict a bank's CSR engagement and obtain information on the perceptions of internal and external stakeholders.
Examples of these pressures facing hospitals, include the following: (1) explicit governmental regulation that oversees financial relationships among hospitals and physicians, (2) pressure from the governmentin its role as the largest payer (or customer) of healthcare servicesto reduce hospital fees, (3) pressure from physicians for specific supplies when treating patients (known as physician preference items), and 4) a hierarchy often prevalent in hospitals that affords physicians an air of authority" (Bhakoo & Choi, 2013; Boyer & Pronovost, 2010; Chung, 2017; Schneller & Smeltzer, 2006).
Finally, others fees have to be taken into account in order to operate the RDC at Kampala.
For example, they refined the trusting belief - reliability items by determining synonyms of the terms consistent and predictable and by adding two items measuring beliefs that the software would not fail.
In their study of the performance impacts of IT capabilities, Chae etal.
Finally, an additional positive effect has to do with the fact that access to contacts and information may leverage differences among cities with bigger and smaller sizes.
Companies can regulate the degree of external influence through their choice of strategy.
Contrastingly, Chinese scholars have paid more attention to land quantity over land quality because there is less cultivated land in China, in comparison to other countries around the world.
Although several recent scholarly textbooks and articles (e.g. [4618],) have provided guidelines for causal research that cover some of the latest enhancements to PLS-PM, neither of these PLS-PM guidelines for causal research covered the full range of recent developments, nor did they introduce any new framework for applying PLS-PM and reporting its outcomes.
The obtained results from the proposed method is compared with four relevant approaches.
As one may expect, the firm earns a higher profit under trade-in remanufacturing, since it has higher pricing and production flexibilities.
Other findings indicate that, depending on their use cases, different kinds of mHealth apps may need different assessment criteria.
Focusing specifically on exogenously driven change, they investigate an assumption with deep roots in the literature on complex adaptive systems (Holland, 1995) that adaptive entities maintain a balance of exploration and exploitation.
More specifically, improvisation can facilitate creativity in two ways.
But also in their firm performance (Weerawardena et al., 2014).
Role expectations for men and women may vary across cultures, which has implications for the generalizability of the gender gap in leader emergence.
As stated by Argote and Ingram (2000) and Bender and Fish (2000) to survive in a high competitive market, companies need to enhance their technical expertise and offer new products.
This forms the motivation for our paper.
First, D-OCPX results in lower online prices than the historical online prices, resulting in a projected increase in online sales from customers buying online instead of from the store.
In a separating equilibrium, a larger proportion of workers in zone B move to zone A if they infer the platform's type to be type H than type L (from the strategic surge price); specifically, more workers move if they believe that the platform is type H (as shown in Lemma 1), and more workers also move if a strategic surge price is used in zone B (for the same reasons as in Proposition 2 under symmetric information).
However, these literature reviews were focused on content analysis to discuss aspects related to the field of SCD, such as disruption recovery or marketing disruption, rather than exploring the knowledge structure and distribution of the SCD field through bibliographic and network analysis.
We use the conditions that |ku| 2 and |sk| 7.
IoT and BDA capabilities have these characteristics.
We then present and discuss our findings.
Adding to the current stream of research on an innovative reputation (Henard & Dacin, 2010; Stock & Zacharias, 2013), we overcome a methodological gap that existed between consumer studies and innovation research by combining primary as well as secondary data sources (cf.
Our major contribution is therefore that, while sustainability responsibilities may have produced double agency" (Wilhelm et al., 2016), blockchain potentially shifts the role of agent to technology solution provider as visibility blurs inter-firm boundaries.
We also conducted separate meta-analyses for subgroups of low, moderate, and highly complex jobs (see Table 1).
Abelson (1995) suggested assessing effects on the DV relative to the efficacy of IV manipulation by computing the causal efficacy ratio (, where dDV is identical to d described previously, and dMC is the analog for the MC).
Our goal in this paper is to construct a price process and a matching policy and characterize the corresponding buyer stopping rule and purchasing rule and seller stopping rule and selling rule to maximize the intermediary's expected profit .
We also include type of electricity supply as a neglected but potentially important factor (Armey & Hosman, 2016).
We delete the observations that have too many missing values.
Thus, in Wu (2005), information updating complements the retailer's performance but may substitute the manufacturers performance from flexibility.
The additional efforts of application developers increases coordination costs between applications and devices.
This section looked at the pharmaceutical sector.
A Notification of Enforcement Discretion made by the Department of Health and Human Services and the Office for Human Rights lifted historical restrictions from the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act requiring certified telemedicine software.
The 2 papers proposing new embedding methods were associated with text classification and word sense disambiguation.
Item 3 became: "The members of my work group cooperate to get the work done. "
Based on the solutions, we present some conclusions by comparing the optimal product prices, optimal profits, consumer welfare and social welfare before and after the logistics sharing.
Moreover, the existing body of research, although informative, is mostly indirect when it comes to identifying what an individual can do to enhance the likelihood of success when embarking on proactivity.
Along the dimensions of technology and task, we identified relevant aspects of the technical system.
Rather, they use a more comprehensive collection of the features of the language being analyzed, such as how often the text features single, uncategorized words, sentence length, multiword phrases, and other features.
TV prepared the first draft of the paper except for the content on healthcare provider bias, adoption/uptake, health literacy, evaluation/reporting, and Table 2all of which were prepared by JA.
Although there has been an increasing number of studies on emerging markets, much of these have focused on China, and there is an opportunity to study more about how businesses from India operate.
How does shifting the focus of the key concept of home and host "country" to "nation" matter for multinational strategy research?
The companys continuous efforts to renew its IT applications portfolio also includes a new customer service portal that replaced less efficient methods of submitting service requests such as e-mail and fax (Numanoglu, 2010) and a novel analytics tool to improve aircraft maintenance programs (McLoughlin etal., 2011).
The betweenness distribution is reasonable to be chosen as the entropic index of each subsystem to describe the nonextensile additivity between the subsystem and corresponding community.
Mandated by the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009, the FCC's National Broadband Plan (NBP) is mandated to "seek to ensure that all people of the United States have access to broadband capability."
Several items violated the assumption of normal distribution (see Figure 1); therefore, we used maximum likelihood estimation with robust standard errors and a Satorra-Bentler scaled test statistic.
First, the expected value of v may differ from the expected value of v. Because e and 3 have zero mean, this amounts to saying that the expected value of the signal vo is systematically different from v. Second, the distributions of 3 and e may differ.
Fig. 5 clearly shows how these sorting policies are implemented.
A summary of all experiments performed with the Kaggle Retinopathy Dataset is summarized in Table 1.
The proposed approach also highlights the relationship between the industry measure and different returns-to-scale characterizations of the technology.
Zhu and Sarkis (2004) explore the positive relationship between green operations and the operations manager's consciousness.
Strong empirical evidence has suggested that the growth of knowledge-based services is the primary driver of the rise of the service economy (Peneder et al., 2003).
This research also follows the call for conducting more longitudinal, multi-method investigations of the role of digital design and CIT and its impact on work (Forman, King, & Lyytinen, 2014).
Among the existing studies, much of the effort has been devoted to investigating human factors induced accidents and constructing causal models [10, 19].
In this section, we show that these correlations can be estimated either by first correcting for smoothing and then removing the recurring trends, or vice versa.
The only exception was impact (.).
The research model based on the trust theory and dual-process perspective was developed and evaluated with a web-based experiment using actual crowdfunding projects chosen from a real crowdfunding site.
The data were collected in autumn 2008 with an electronic questionnaire that was sent to the email addresses of4,508 university employees working at least 20 hours per week.
With the aim of closing the digital divide, temporal assessments have ranged from deploying 800 MHz (Ovando, Perez, & Moral, 2015), to fixed- wireless LTE (Frias, Gonzalez-Valderrama, Martinez, & others, 2015), to satellite technologies (Analysys Mason, 2010), but these usually focus on snapshots of different temporal periods, rather than producing spatial time-series.
Further analysis suggested the reasons for these preferences.
These records expose profile browsing events (i.e., profile visits) to crawlers.
They show how to compute the asymptotic failure rate of the system.
Secondly, IT helps to coordinate and synchronize business functions such as innovation and product manufacturing (Bharadwaj et al., 2007).
The positive effect of mood relevant website cues on perceived usefulness is because individuals associate an appealing website with a higher usability (Tractinsky et al., 2000; van der Heijden, 2003).
Turning to the issue of women's access to boards, knowledge about sex differences in directors' characteristics can reveal which paths to boards have opened up and which remain closed to women.
We develop an original research agenda for progressing the still-scarce discussion on the potential implications of Industry 4.0-HRM on supply chain management.
This research fills the gap in the systemization of the literature on gamification applied to online consumer decisions and shows the main theories, mechanisms, and elements that must be included in the design of gamified systems to engage users and make the decision-making process on digital platforms easy and fun for consumers.
Specifically, diversity of Android devices induces the fragmentation problems (Ham & Park, 2011, pp.
In addition, an inverted U-shaped non-linear relationship is suggested to exist between innovation and financial development with a significant positive sign of private sector credit and a significant negative sign of private sector credit squared.
The more objects and applications that become available as building blocks of the PaaS strategy, the less coding activity will be required.
To deepen understandings of open innovation collaborations, from ideation to commercialization, we derive three key themes from open innovation literature.
The Kincaid index translates the Flesch index into the US grade level to help users to judge the readability of books and texts.
At the same time, creative crowdworkers feel that they often do the work out of interest, rather than financial incentives ("how low will I go?
Based on the recommendations of DT, the physical product is equipped with a capability, by means of various actuators, to adaptively adjust its function, behaviour and structure in the physical world.
This parameterization in the OHC context is the development and empirical test of the APCO model, which contributes to a clearly analysis of the causes and results of information privacy concerns, as well as the analysis of an individuals information disclosure behavior.
Bocken et al. (2014) posit that research on SBMs will continue to receive more attention given that firms will need to alter existing business models to remain competitive.
Table 8 compares the proposed two-stage model with other state-of-the-art credit risk models.
As such, this stream of research does not focus as much on the processes underlying specific unethical behaviors, but focuses more on specific organizational conditions, cultures, and individual differences that can function as antecedents to unethical behavior that will, in turn, predict business outcomes.
Compared with usual alcohol use off the job, heavy drinking off the job is more likely to result in alcohol impairment (residual intoxication or hangover, a type of withdrawal) and therefore is the proximal cause of absenteeism.
In addition, they create approximately 60% to 70% of Europe's total industrial pollution (Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, 2015).
Advantages of modular architecture include an increase in product variety, components commonality, easy upgradability and low cost.
In these five stages, there is one in which relevance should be top priority, and that is the choice of an interesting, and thus relevant, question.
The value of technology substitution lies in cost-savings for the service provider while offering higher service convenience and speed for the customer (Berry et al., 2002).
The likelihood of a firm to be Technology-Based & Highly Innovative increases when the firm has a high endowment of technological innovation capabilities.
The former is valid since the weight is a ratio scale, while the latter may be questionable as the 1-9 scale is not a ratio scale.
OECD data show that, in some economies, the impact of spending on GDP has a magnitude that cannot be neglected, like in France (57 percent), Germany (44 percent), Italy (50 percent), Israel (40 percent), the United Kingdom (42 percent), and the United States (37 percent), (OECD 2017).
The innovation adoption decision triggers capability tensions, and TMTs who embrace consistency-orientations are more likely to see non-incremental innovations as contradictory (e.g., Smith, 2014).
Carbon Trust surveys indicate that approximately 20% of customers prefer to buy green products even if they are more expensive than regular products.
The proposed algorithms are all implemented in Java 8.0 and run on an Intel Core i5-4590 3.30 GHz processor with 8 GB of RAM.
This view aligns with other studies addressing selfies as a medium that allows marginalized groups to reclaim control over body aesthetic (Tiidenberg, 2014).
When this happens, this reduces the ex-post bargaining power of the firm that has been imitated.
Actually, the global AVRPD of BSIG is about half.
In this way, consumption displacement as a term explicitly recognises the influence of time and space on consumption processes and extends the experience-based consumption approaches in marketing, where consumer preferences have become the dominant theme.
Regarding measurement, 20 of 47 empirical studies (43%; three studies are indeterminable in terms of levelsof-analysis reflected in measurement) used a group-level empowering leadership measure.
B2B customers may be faced with a multitude of bundles that encompass an overwhelming number of options and combinations, so that a non-expert encounters a "paradox of choice" - whereby a customer feels better during the bundle creation process but (objectively) ends up worse off (Reutskaja and Hogarth, 2009).
Organic products can also be found at Mango.
Hence, in the sparse data set, formations of Pearson's correlation coefficient and neighborhoods are inefficient and inaccurate, and hence, re-prediction will add to the problem of noisiness.
However, the shortage cost that ranges from profit loss to some unspecific loss of dissatisfied customers' goodwill often has a significant influence on the benefit of the loss-averse retailer.
The analysis on function level is performed on each of the selected functional the depth of analysis is down to component failures.
Trust is the preliminary condition to consumers5 e-commerce participation (pp.
The virtual models include not only the geometric models, but also all rules and behaviours, such as material properties, mechanical analysis, health monitoring.
It is worthwhile to note that these three thresholds can be constants or variables in accordance with the performances of alternatives on each criterion.
It was found that longitudinal studies commonly used case study research but were very often weak in both data analysis and presentation.
Similarly, we use S2P3V3 to denote a series system composed of two series components, three parallel components, and three voting components (See Figure 3b), and S3P2V3 to denote a series system composed of three series components, two parallel components, and three voting components (See Figure 3c).
In addition, while LSTM algorithm such as in is usually preferred in many tasks for sequential signal processing, its computational burden is relatively high with similar network depth as shown in Figure 8.
In behavior control, controllers monitor controlees behaviors and reward them according to the degree to which they follow the procedures (Kirsch, 1997).
In the EU-28 an average of 84% of the population (aged 16 to 74) had used Internet in the last 12 months, and 55% had ordered goods or services via the Internet in 2016, as seen in Fig. 1.
A systematic literature review (Tranfield et al., 2003) was conducted to expand the scope of the identified peer-reviewed articles that focus on learning in the SC context".
Followers granted leaders with differential influence based on the latter ability in helping groups achieve their goals, and could revoke their influence anytime.
Reconcile the different frameworks used to study psychopathy, with a particular focus on explicating the psychological features associated with each framework and how those features are organized/structured (e.g., two-factor versus four-factor models of psychopathy).
This is due to the relative positions of both regions with respect to the reference levels given in Table 1, which compares the performance of each region with all the European regions.
Although participating in collaborative innovation activities provides important access to new knowledge and gives opportunities to share it, the impact on innovation performance may rely on the extent to which a firm can absorb and apply such new knowledge.
Using a firefighting simulation, researchers discovered the central role of task-based SMMs on team strategy adaptation patterns in response to fluctuating task demands.
Wallace (2017) found that a leader's learning goal orientation, motivation to lead, and beliefs about whether leadership could be trained were positively associated with a leader's generalized motivation to develop as a leader, which in turn was linked to motivation for specific assignments and greater feedback-seeking behaviors in such assignments.
A comparison between Figures 2 and 3 places the causal modeler in an interesting dilemma.
In addition, the variable CAPACITY was introduced as an indicator for the capacity of the washing machine.
A meta-analysis of138 independent social network and personality studies showed the dominance of self-monitoring relative to the Big Five personality variables in predicting centrality in organizational social networks.
Participants could also earn up to a $5 bonus depending on their forecasting performance.
Focusing on deaf and hard of hearing (HoH) people, we ask how their smartphone usage reflects cultural norms of communication, centering on the mobile voice call as a core function that creates tension among this population.
We discuss proposed changes to privacy regulations such as the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act designed to let health information seamlessly and frictionlessly flow among the health entities that need to collaborate on treatment of patients and, also, allow it to flow to researchers trying to understand how to limit its impacts.
An emoji doesn't really have that expression.
During recent years, many research works have focused on the green intelligent building optimisation problems, such as multi-zone HVAC system (Zeng, Zhang, and Kusiak 2015), optimal chiller loading optimisation problem (Duan et al. 2018; Zheng and Li 2018; Zheng, Li, and Duan 2019), and precast construction optimisation problems (Leu and Hwang 2001, 2002; Chan and Hu 2002; Benjaoran and Dawood 2003; Benjaoran, Dawood, and Hobbs 2005; Ko and Wang 2011; Chen, Yang, and Tai 2016; Yang, Ma, and Wu 2016).
One positive review on the guest profile significantly reduces discrimination for both female and nonfemale hosts.
However, under reselling, a relatively large means that the e-tailer has more information advantages, thus he has more incentives to keep information private and misleads the supplier to set a less aggressive wholesale price.
Chang (2016) considers a common value setting in which a firm funds its project via crowdfunding.
Our analyses reveal that as organization-level promotion and prevention climate scores became more similar, collective organizational commitment decreases.
The online transaction volume in China is valued at RMB 7175.1 billion in 2017, which accounts for 19.6% of the total volume (Chen et al., 2019).
Yet, the correlations are not so high as to indicate that they are measuring the same dimension.
According to Table 10, 21 problems were studied, among which the supplier evaluation and selection problem attracted the most attention, followed by performance assessment, strategy/policy evaluation and selection, distribution network optimization, process evaluation and selection, expert evaluation and selection, product design evaluation and selection, project/program evaluation and selection, equipment/tool evaluation and selection, location evaluation and selection, risk assessment, system evaluation and selection, product-mix evaluation and selection, batch plant design, business unit evaluation and selection, course design evaluation and selection, disassembly line balancing, dynamic pricing and revenue management, fuel evaluation and selection, power generation expansion planning, and value chain evaluation and selection.
We refer to this region as .
Liu and Huang (2010) considered imperfect quality of maintenance in selective maintenance framework for multi-state systems.
In particular, Makadok (1999) draws a direct connection between market share relative to competition and economies of scale because firms with greater economies of scale than their competitors in the same industry subsequently gain market share at the expense of those competitors" (p. 949).
Note that this result holds irrespective of the profit that is generated for the farmers.
In contrast, the electrophysiological responses measured by EEG, MEG, and electrocorticography have effectually a better temporal resolution (i.e., <1 millisecond).
That is, the concept of empowering leadership operated at the group level.
Pull effects reflect the degree of customers' willingness to maintain the relationship due to genuine appreciation of the quality attributes of service providers [31].
The next proposition shows when and how the firm implements a hybrid strategy.
Freighter employed 2040 people, Truck 975 and Mechanic 52.
To address this possibility, before conducting the field experiment, we use an online pilot to test whether we successfully manipulated beliefs about the candidates' personal traits.
To better investigate the nature of the relationships, further research adopting a case study approach is advocated, as it may provide additional insights to sustain and validate the research hypotheses presented.
This decision depends on the research question: Do researchers want to predict the level of the outcome contingent on specific events, or do they want to predict change (e.g., morning to afternoon) contingent on specific events?
Moreover 95.0% of companies claim to carry out periodical monitoring of their CSR activities.
Service design practices have been recognized as a means of engaging actors in institutional work and have been linked with changes in actors' mental models.
These empire-builders tend to overinvest in R&D since these projects are long-term commitments that can secure their positions.
The sample was reasonably gender-balanced (44.91% female, 54.74% male, .35% missing), and mostly White (72.98%, with 8.07% Black, 6.67% Hispanic, and 8.07% Asian).
At the end of selling season, the retailer gains the sales revenue and repays to the bank.
Note that for complex systems, the system structure function is employed to calculate  and determine the system state.
The unique solution to Model (18) is , and the optimal value of the objective function of Model (18) is .
We also identify the types of engagement each type of academic normally adopts and summarise their key motivations and challenges.
The service management field has viewed service failure from the perspective of the service provider failing to meet the customer's expectations.
Thus, we use hospital fixed effects in our analyses, which account for any timeindependent differences between hospitals.
Does the human capital of board members moderate this relationship?
Considering all three periods together, the temporary relaxation reinvigorated supply chain performance, because it sparked improvement and innovation activity.
However, the determinants and effects of board composition are intertwined (Adams, Hermalin, & Weisbach, 2010), making it very difficult to convincingly link the characteristics of di rectors, including their gender, to firm outcomes (Johnson, Ellstrand, & Daily, 1996; Withers et al., 2012).
We surmise either the observed increase in RTS incidents is not measurable, with respect to the totality of returns, since RTS incidents represent a small portion of overall returns, or other types of online returns are decreasing.
First, it employed signaling theory to categorize common grooming behaviors on social media discussed separately in the existing literature.
Using the self-report survey method can raise the common method variance (CMV) issue.
Finally, the work is concluded in Section 5.
It contains a gateway, an internal network or a local area network (LAN) to connect this second layer (gateway) with the first one (sensing layer) and an external network or wide area network (WAN) to communicate with other networks.
Multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) is a sub-discipline of Operations Research, which has growingly gained momentum since its genesis.
Moreover, and as it is the case of authentic leadership, an overreliance on survey measures, cross-sectional designs, and single source data, and an almost complete lack of causally identified studies, qualitative studies other than in the positivist tradition (Gardner et al., 2011), limit the possibility to develop the field further through in-depth understandings, either through longitudinal or (field) experimental research.
Hence, our case illuminates the actual practice of digital strategy making where a DTS has to be continually reinvented (Peppard etal., 2014; Whittington, 2014).
OLS estimates of BMed corresponding to both x1 and x2 remained consistent at approximately .09 as the coefficient of variation for z1 changed.
The publication outlets of the articles in the sample are presented in Table 2, and the reviewed documents are marked with an asterisk (*) in the list of references at the end of this document.
The social-cognitive category also includes attributions about the organization (e.g., corporate social responsibility induced attribu tions; Ellen, Webb, & Mohr, 2006), vision integration (Kohles, Bligh, & Carsten, 2012) and fit with work culture alignment and strategy (Biggs, Brough, & Barbour, 2014).
One of the issues is that oracles are also subject to security challenges.
CSR is a significant factor to attain the financial objective of any business entity.
Nevertheless, further financial development will encourage monopolies and hinder competition.
To achieve sustainable economic growth, China's central government has been paying increasing attention to energy safety and environmental protection.
Among the three event strength characteristics (novelty, criticality, and disruption), workplace event novelty is most likely to trigger employee improvisation.
However, increasing the number of channels and modalities through which service is delivered can alter the dynamics of how customers choose to engage with firms (Gallino and Moreno, 2014; Gallino et al., 2017; Gao and Su, 2016), and can introduce complexities that hinder the consistency of the service they experience.
Smart contracts for car insurance, for instance, can be programmed to transfer money only if customers repair a car at certified mechanics.
Clearly, the more linkages the research institutes directly form with other organizations, the higher value of degree centrality the research institutes will have (Eslami et al., 2013).
It all began in 1963 with the publication of the Jipp curve.
Revenue from projects was immediately reinvested in IT hardware and software.
Consequently, with a small increase in A, k* might stay the same, and the optimal p and A would then need to be reduced.
No data are available for posttraumatic growth in ardinary" work.
CPM can be used as a bridge that connects marketing with operations to achieve effective service management.
When the bank interest rate is higher than the supplier interest rate, Theorem 5(2) indicates that the retailer's financing selection depends on basic market demand, cost coefficient, and initial capital.
Panel C shows the distribution of contributions in the Children's Charity situation.
Innovation is commonly understood as the introduction of new products, services or processes that comprise a certain degree (radical or incremental) of organizational change (Ashok et al., 2014).
The beta weights associated with the independent variables were reduced.
It has also been noted that Chinese organizations have significantly enhanced their innovation capabilities through years of learning and cooperation with foreign firms and other partners (Chung and Tan, 2017).
It is not generated through top down leadership, charisma, vision, or management-by-objectives; instead it requires many leaders, working together, across organizational levels (Birkinshaw and Gibson, 2004).
Financial sustainability and stakeholder accountability are often linked, particularly because the demands and expectations by stakeholders can significantly influence the structures and goals of the firm and its sources of revenue and controllable costs (Froud et al., 2009).
Crowdfunding is an open call for funding via donation or in exchange for a reward in order to support specific projects and initiatives typically through the Internet [56, 60].
Cognitive psychologists have found that narcissists need to have their superiority reaffirmed constantly (Kernberg, 1975).
External certification enhances the environmental quality chosen by either one or both firms and, consequently, benefits the environment.
In summary, there is abundant and consistent evidence that experiencing work as a calling is associated with positive perceptions about work and life.
However, there is still a gap in this research topic.
The prognostics horizon is critical in order to achieve trustworthy confidence intervals for the corresponding RUL prediction.
The maximum achievable value of E10 can be determined via the following linear model (7).
At the organizational level, values are the basic assumptions that are central to an organization's culture (Schein 2004).
For the Japanese firms, the effect was much more severe, with an average 9.32% loss in shareholder value.
A conversational human voice is beneficial for a brand's social media presence (Dijkmans, Kerkhof, Buyukcan-Tetik, & Beukeboom, 2015), such that brand posts following the same conventions as UGC may be received as more authentic, likeable, and worthy of action (Colliander & Marder, 2018).
Both narcissism and psychopathy were well explained by FFM subfacets, although psychopathy (Rj = 0.88) was better explained than narcissism (Rc = 0.42; O'Boyle et al. 2014).
Each of these four phases, in turn, are augmented by a series of buyer-centric service functions that can generate added value for buyers (Ives and Learmonth, 1984).
The intuition behind this reaction by the farmers can be explained as follows.
These are the International Manufacturing Strategy Survey (IMSS), conducted by a global network of universities and business schools starting in 1992, and the High-Performance Manufacturing Project (HPM), formerly referred to as the world-class manufacturing (WCM) study.
The coefficient of co-occurrence is calculated based on Jaccard's coefficient, which gives equal weight to cases where co-occurrence is identified (a) and cases where one item is found but not the other (b and c).
We first considered the relation of helping acts with depletion, and the interactive effect of helping acts and prevention focus.
The valuation of quantity q under this model is given by (4) but with replaced by .
We also observe that is decreasing in eq and increasing in indicating that collaborative consumption is more likely to reduce negative externalities if the social (or environmental) cost of using products is relatively low compared to that of owning.
As a result, the instant messenger increases the intimacy and immediacy, and thus increases the perception of presence.
Another related effect is that the supply chain profit allocation favors suppliers that use trade credit to enhance their pricing power, so they can extract more profit from their buyers.
However, need satisfaction has been shown to predict well-being independent of age, gender, and country of origin (Milyavskaya et al., 2009).
For priority code one and two (semi-urgent and non-urgent), 10% are being affected negatively by strategy one and 16% by strategy two.
We answer where, when, how, what and why consumption displacement happens.
As a result, if all supply chain members in a collaborative innovation project have higher levels of collaborative capabilities, then a higher level of innovation performance will be more easily achieved.
For each of the samples, we compute the total cost over T periods from all solutions.
The interview methods changed during the research in response to issues of accessibility.
For example, if managers within the buying firm continue to take an instrumental perspective on sustainability, they will very likely prioritize traditional purchasing targets such as delivery, flexibility, and cost over sustainability goals should tensions surface in supply chain management (Lund-Thomsen & Lindgreen, 2014; Neilson & Pritchard, 2011).
It can happen when a group of miners temporarily control over 50 per cent of the network's mining hash-rate (the measurement unit of processing power of a network of nodes that power a blockchain) (Yuan and Wang, 2016; Zhao et al., 2016) While hacking into a public (permissionless) blockchains requires significant financial and computational power, a permissioned blockchain may be more prone to cyber-attack (Patel et al., 2017).
In a component strategy, firms 1) enter a single or few components and 2) rely on complementors for the rest.
In addition, it might be useful to assess the affective state of the participant before and after the experiment.
Conversely, fear of retribution and feelings of constant monitoring may act as a negative force and create job dissatisfaction and burnout.
This finding shows that implementing STS increases store sales.
Furthermore, we find that designs created by remixing designers are significantly more often printed by community members suggesting that remixing helps ensure manufacturing compatibility akin to continuous process improvement.
This in turn can help create incentives for private sector R&D activities and lead to greater R&D intensity.
Although PG fit as a whole is best represented by a composite of its dimensions, researchers may desire to answer research questions that are specific to the conceptual domain of a particular dimension.
We adopt this incremental approach to examine the credit risk prediction ability of each type of feature.
Although depleted individuals are more likely to act selfishly at the expense of helping, theory stipulates that the effects of depletion on self-regulation may be mitigated to the extent that an individual is sufficiently motivated and/or skilled at regulating behavior (Baumeister & Vohs, 2007), particularly when an individual has to decide between directing resources towards selfish versus prosocial acts (Muraven & Baumeister, 2000; Muraven et al., 2006b).
Therefore, the assumptions needed for the system GMM estimator to be valid are not ruled out.
Research awards such as the new Responsible Research in OM Award of the Manufacturing and Service Operations.
Despite this observation, most research has investigated engagement in collaborative consumption from a customer perspective (e.g. Milanova and Maas, 2017), leaving the peer service provider perspective underexplored.
DRT systems are attracting more and more interest and DRT service providers become interested in improving the efficiency of their operations.
Finally another obstacle during the implementation process found in the study of Stigzelius and Mark-Herbert (2009) is the difficulty to communicate the standard to the workers.
From a more systemic view, the term entrepreneurial ecosystem recently emerged in academic discourse.
For a given lower bound value for efficiency of the marketing stage, the following model (4) can be used to identify the maximum efficiency for the operations stage that can further form a Pareto-optimal efficiency solution.
Rural universities produce, therefore, a less significant numberofPhDs by alien students, in comparison to those in urban areas.
Based on this clustering, we find that the antecedents or enablers of agility can be subdivided into four general categories: technological, behavioral, organizational / structural, and environmental.
Literature presents various ways to categorise linkages, and we here refer to linkages in terms of sourcing, market path, and shared processes, and in terms of dimensions of openness.
In addition, we added the sub-category overview to be used for articles that do not relate to any specific research theme but aim at providing an overview.
The key results concerning ideological distance and extremism were robust to all of these different specifications with the exception of the retweet data, where terms still pointed in the same direction but were no longer statistically significant.
For H2c we use "Noticed Link," an indicator for whether participants looked at the link at all, where 1 represents "noticed" (61%) and 0 represents "did not notice" (39%).
The alternative to a contagion effect is a competitive effect where negative events such as a natural disaster can create business opportunities for certain firms and industries.
Instead, we overview more generic considerations, specifically: (a) how assessment can occur at either the individual or team level, (b) how assessment can target ongoing or intrinsic brain activity versus more reflexive brain activity in reaction to stimuli, and (c) the identification of relevant brain region(s).
Comparing across the preintervention and postintervention equations allows us to examine whether estimated water use becomes more closely aligned with actual water use in the two treatment conditions in the postintervention phase.
We then classify queries based on "number of unique prior clicks" and plot the gains in AERC for queries by this metric in Figure 15.
Research Question 3 asked whether pre-hire experience would be related to turnover.
The primary criterion used to evaluate the results of structural models in PLS path modelling is R (Gefen etal., 2011).
However, social and environmental accounting research has raised some concerns about the effectiveness of a mandatory regime for reporting on sustainable development (e.g., Chauvey, Giordano-Spring, Cho, & Patten, 2015; Costa & Agostini, 2016; Larrinaga, Carrasco, Coreea, Llena, & Moneva, 2002).
In the long-run, if the demand for both ride-share and delivery services increases, more drivers will be likely to register to provide shared mobility services, that is, h will grow.
Using this approach, we have 185 DMAs in the treatment group and 25 DMAs in the control group.
For example, they found that the adoption of ebanking solutions among credit unions was facilitated by learning to exploit external knowledge through marketing efforts.
In particular, they are integrating advanced technology into their service delivery to offer co-creation of experiences (Neuhofer et aL, 2015) in which customers play the central role (Vargo and Lusch, 2008).
With the assumption that SMEs choose low resource commitment entry modes, the study of foreign direct investment and other forms of resource commitment in multiple countries has been neglected (Ripolles et al., 2012).
Research has begun to examine factors that may reduce or exacerbate employer racial/ethnic discrimination.
This, we believe, is a contribution that takes the intellectual capital and strategic knowledge management discussions from their usual high levels of abstraction and relates them to the real world of ESM.
The literature review is presented in Section 2.
To be clear, subsequent studies attempted to replicate the factor structure (e.g., Bakari & Hunjra, 2017; Dannhauser & Boshoff, 2007; Levesque-Cote, Fernet, Austin, & Morin, 2017; Mahembe & Engelbrecht, 2013; Penger & Cerne, 2014; Roof, 2014; Toor & Ofori, 2009; Walumbwa & Schaubroeck, 2009; Xu, Stewart, & Haber-Curran, 2015) and on occasion assessed discriminant validity with measures in those studies (e.g., job satisfaction, positive organizational support) but they did not replicate the convergent and discriminant validity of the original measurement articles with closely related leader behaviors or correlates such as traditional leader behaviors and/or LMX.
The objective function includes two terms: the first one aims to minimize location costs, and the second, the recourse action cost, is defined as the cost of serving the demand.
Thus, an emerging issue is derived from the effectiveness in the Code's adoption and what information is disclosed to the stakeholders, including the minority shareholders that guarantee good and sustainable corporate governance models in the light of corporate sustainability (Aghion, Caroli, & Garcia-Penalosa, 1999; Allais et al., 2017; Hart, 1997; Schrippe & Duarte Ribeiro, 2019) and avoiding a negative impact on the environment and society (Elkington, 2002; Lozano & Huisingh, 2011).
The process model clarifies how an individual's proficiency in external knowledge absorption activities can result in three possible outcomes: knowledge is exploited, knowledge is terminated, or knowledge gets "stuck" in limbo.
The novelty of this study was to include into the aforementioned decision framework three elements, i.e. correlated demand and price uncertainty, disruption risk uncertainty at the primary supplier and product perishability.
Let us denote by the value of indicator i for unit j.
If a reviewer can constantly generate high quality reviews, her past reviewing history could help build up the reputation and affect others' perceptions of review helpfulness (Ngo-Ye and Sinha, 2014).
The 289 studies (208 with randomized trials) located examined design factors impacting knowledge and skill outcomes as well as behavioral outcomes (including patient effects).
The question of data veracity especially comes to mind whenever data retrieved from social media and other open sources is utilized.
To see this, note that the residuals in Equation (3), , represent unobserved reasons that users in demographic bucket d would be more likely to be targeted a message k by EdgeRank.
As several scholars highlight, R&D collaboration between firms is typically viewed as a pooling of competencies through a contract-based arrangement (such as licensing, joint development, etc.) or a pooling of resources through joint ownership and control of a special purpose structure.
We also assume that the durations and resource transfer times of activities are known and deterministic.
With the exception of some large companies focused on information such as LinkedIn, Facebook, and Google, which are actively adopting BDA, most large- and medium-sized firms are in an early stage of adoption, struggling to understand and decide upon their strategy regarding BDA.
As suggested earlier, resource based theory has a specific model of how economic profits are generated (Barney, 1986a, 1988, 1991; Peteraf, 1993).
We consider consumer empowerment as a mediating factor its influences on their judgments and behavior.
The major reason of the use of these instruments is their insignificant correlation with the error term while deriving the estimator.
As another example, trust in helpfulness was measured by the expectation that Excel provides whatever help I need, much like benevolence in the case of trust in people that has been measured by such items as If I required help, Books-a-million.com would do its best to help me (Benamati etal., 2010).
In the early preclinical years, this trait was a negative predictor of performance.
In order to characterise the geographical extension of IP in MNEs, we rely on information given in patent DOCDB families.
This idea is designed to reduce the potential damage to a firm's reputation, something which has yet to be addressed in the literature.
Our results complement the existing literature by offering several novel insights.
The preferable approach, therefore, is to have a bit of each.
Most workplace alcohol use or impairment occurred less than monthly, whereas alcohol use after work was more likely to happen monthly or more frequently.
As shown in Appendix A, Cronbach's alphas for optimism, innovation, discomfort, and insecurity were .68, .71, 0.71, and 0.78, respectively.
Further, the reviews are not uniformly distributed over time as half of the reviews were written after 2013, which biases our findings toward the recent past.
The leadership and followership market dynamic appears well-designed to solve this problem as well (for the explanation, see Part C of the SOM).
In fact, confirming a hypothesis about a non-ratio predictor in a model that also includes a substantive predictor may be virtually guaranteed once the coefficient of variation of the scaling variable reaches a certain level (approximately 0.5 in our simulation).
Shared resources are those that are applied to different segments.
Intra-segment disparity accounts for about 80% of the integrated disparity according to the Theil index, and about 60% according to the mean logarithmic deviation.
In fact, the ride-share market and the logistics service provider compete for car drivers, while car drivers compete for providing both ride-share and delivery services.
As summarized in Table 1, I highlight variations in sensitivity toward contextual cues, the creation and shaping of context, the mediators of context effects, and the capacity of a contextual lens to unify as well as differentiate important phenomena.
In the following, we briefly discuss some key differences between the findings of Study 1 and Study 2; however, we primarily focus on Models 4 and 5.
So we will focus on the nontrivial parameter range of .Note that if and that the firm's profit will be negative if .
In particular, we show that a not-for-profit platform would always charge a lower price than a for-profit platform.
When each cell in the meta-analytic correlation matrix is based on a different total sample size, what sample size should be used?
For example, Xcel Energy includes a so called "sustainability quotient" in its salary reviews and bonus allocations.
With respect to SMEs versus large firms, multiple-respondent designs arguably incur relatively higher costs to participating SMEs than to large firms.
Statistical procedures could potentially benefit from a similar framing.
Of the video-consultations, 13 patients were female and 9 were male.
Founder motivations are important indicators of the startups performance (Birley and Westhead, 1994).
For example, de Rond and Bouchikhi (2004) study an alliance between a pharmaceutical giant and a biotech venture, and find that the relationship oscillates between cooperation and competition, but finally spirals into competition.
An exception is complexity leadership theory (Uhl-Bien et al., 2007; Uhl-Bien and Marion, 2009).
Besides, the development of new metrics to compare the strategies from an economic point of view can provide new insights to choose the best methodology.
Then, as technology a improves, thegroup size threshold shrinks and the advantage ofenforcing cooperation grows.
Specifically, we examine the following three questions under this role of trade credit.
The literature on science parks has extensively focused on the location of science parks, has documented the diversity of science parks in terms of size, but has covered governance and ownership issues to a much lower extent.
To further extend this research, it might be beneficial to explore studies on how innovations in certain industries could be initiated from within the industry itself, as opposed to the outside, e.g. university.
The results also indicate that the number of comments posted by the participant is positively and significantly associated with her/his behavior of knowledge contribution, suggesting that active participation in the online community in the form of commenting is an important predictor of online contribution.
Design practice refers to the phenomenology of design in a specific context: its process ("how" design decisions are made; through which phases, methods, tools, or collaborative practices) and the object of design (which design decisions are made; which novel solution it creates, whether a good, service, or process).
In particular, digital platform providers can use this study's results to examine the specific barriers that customers and peer service providers associate with their digital service.
Complex adaptive systems are those that adapt and evolve with the environment (Holland, 1995, 1998).
These include logistic regression with L1 regularization (which penalizes the number of attributes and is commonly used for attribute selection for problems with many attributes; see Hastie et al. 2009), Naive Bayes (a probabilistic classifier that applies Bayes theorem based on presence or absence of features), and support vector machines (a classification algorithm that works well for high dimensional problems) with L1 and L2 regularization and various kernels including linear, radial basis function, and polynomial kernels.
Results also revealed modest relations between pre-hire experience and job knowledge (p = .19) and to a lesser extent with measures of person-environment fit (p = .10 to .13).
Related to this, tier 1 suppliers will be less likely to subcontract to unauthorized firms.
The two firms, H and L, are asymmetric in their credibilities, such that  denotes firm  credibility for  and  holds without loss of generality.
Table 5 also shows that articles based on more cases appear to be associated with higher overall quality scores with, for example, articles based on two cases scoring 2.66 and those based on four cases scoring 3.62 on average.
The latter two are of interest to this study.
A coding scheme is fundamental for objectivity, validity and reliability to support data-analysis information (Guthrie et al., 2004; Spens and Kovacs, 2006).
During testing, we generate random samples following a Bernoulli distribution for each unit in the input layer and the hidden layers, where each sample takes the value of 1 with a given probability of Pi.
Organizational innovations happen to meet changes in the manufacturing process, the process of transferring the laboratory production process to a large-scale process and the products suitability (Q1).
Similarly, Ansari and Mela (2003) find that content-targeted emails can increase the click-throughs up to 62%, and Arora and Henderson (2007) find that customized promotions in the form of "embedded premiums or social causes associated with the product can improve profits.
Widely hailed as compensating for the lack of prosodic and gestural cues in textual CMC (Ganster etal.
As market subsidies are needed only in the presence of competing products, we do not consider competing products in this work.
Supplier participation in product design and quality improvement can help manufacturers effectively solve quality problems, reduce quality defects and flaws and improve processes and efficiency.
Generally, enjoyment is an intrinsic motivator that stimulates people to do something (Deci and Ryan, 1985; Ryan and Deci, 2000).
Industries such as textiles have seen a dramatic change in developed vs developing countries; hence, the stability of industries over time may have to be considered to be able to obtain the desired insight.
ARD The creation of ARD i n 1946 resulted from the activities initiated in the 1930,s by MIT President Karl Compton (Etzkowitz, 2002).
We also found that the results obtained from running HGLMmulti-level random effects models were very similar to those reported here.
What factors influence the level of dependence of niche manufacturing companies on their suppliers' resources during production ramp-up in an EV supply chain?
Our study suggest that the story of mobile access is nuanced.
The modeling and testing procedures outlined previously for one way and 2 x 2 designs can be readily extended to higher-way designs.
We show that this real option value of learning is maximized at an intermediate level of the investment cost and that it increases with uncertainty about consumer preferences.
Regarding the consideration of local content in the pilot design, case studies targeted pilots on specific parts of the supply chain and kept the pilot team small.
Appendix A. Measurement items differences in the effect of social media usage.
A dummy variable was included that was coded 1 when people from different departments were actively involved in the project and 0 when there were only people actively involved from a single department (de Visser et al., 2014).
The four most commonly overlooked issues in articles in the innovation management discipline are the use of a pilot study (overlooked by 93%), coding with inter-coder reliability checks (overlooked by 92%), the transparency of data collection (overlooked by 79%), and reflecting on the validity and reliability (overlooked by 79%).
The intercorrelations between the outcome variables were drawn from the most recent and/or largest available meta-analyses; we report these correlations and their sources in Tables 2 and 3; all are corrected for unreliability in the predictor and criterion.
The scale demonstrated acceptable reliability: Cronbach's a = 0.74.
He found that group interactions tended to move from a relative emphasis upon problems of orientation, to problems of evaluation, and subsequently to problems of control, and concurrent with these transitions, the relative frequencies of both negative reactions and positive reactions tend to increase.
The binary value  in the above equation is evaluated as: where  represents AND logic and  represents OR logic.
In other words, the development of a product takes place in an integrated way in research centers of different countries.
Possibly to celebrate the Communications Infrastructures Year, in 1983 the World Bank published a book that represented for many years one of the standard references on the field (Saunders, Warford, & Wellenius, 1983).
These observations emphasize the existence of a paradox: It takes a lot of energy to be an ethical leader, but this effortful way of leading is not appreciated that much by those being led.
The proportion of arable land in Beijing has also decreased faster than in other parts of the region and most of this land has been repurposed into construction land due to urban expansion.
Participants also reported whether they wanted to change settings and why.
Finally, Competitive Worldviews was correlated with the use of deceptive IM, but not with honest IM.
In comparison with CSyStem, Cfunction is expected to be lower as typically elements lower in the system hierarchy (e.g., components) have a smaller effect on the system reliability than higher level elements (e.g., subsystems).
In their review of IS strategy articles on the topic, Karpovsky and Galliers (2015) identified 8 core categories of practices pertaining to four overarching metaphors of the aligning process (see Table 11).
MO as a unifying business philosophy within a value chain suggests that actors in every segment of the value chain focus on serving the ultimate customers' needs and strategically coordinate with all other chain members to create a superior value proposition in a vertically coordinated marketing system (Baker et al., 1999).
However, this re-prediction approach has only been tested in dense datasets.
As introduced in Section 3, each individual is comprised of a job-machine assignment vector and a speed vector.
While some aspects of leadership for organizational adaptability will certainly lend themselves to measurement, not all aspects of organizational adaptability research are amenable to operationalization through variables.
However, for larger values of yield uncertainty, the negative effect dominates, and the farmers' planting acres and profit decline.
However, it is also possible that the direction of the discrimination-OCB relationship is contingent upon other factors; we detail potentially explanatory moderating variables in the following section.
We note that the retailer we study operates BM stores for several of its different brands that include flagship brand stores, secondary brand stores, and outlet stores.
This, of course, invites further research dedicated to these observations.
First, we analyzed our data by revenue model, and then by performance measure, popularity.
The confidence is the percentage of sessions containing the pattern B among the set of sessions containing the pattern A.
Due to the absence of gorillas throughout the bonobos' territories, bonobos have access to a higher density of terrestrial foods than do chimpanzees (Malenky & Wrangham, 1994; Wrangham 1993; Wrangham & Peterson, 1996).
Li et al. implemented a Gaussian radial basis function (RBF)-based SVM in adaptive boosting (AdaBoost) algorithm and proposed AdaBoost- SVM.
Regarding similarities, most arti cles on the where, who, and when dimensions of the omnibus context of leadership provide empirical support for either null findings or findings that apply in one sample but not in another regarding how the omnibus context may influence the observed range of leadership variables under consideration (see Omnibus Context in Table 2).
The first part will explain how the data used to conduct our study have been collected and processed.
These processes can work independently but typically work interactively to produce moral behavior.
Our paper has several limitations that future research could help resolve.
Merino et al. [77] argue that in the context of big data, the management of the quality of the data is very critical as big data by itself, regardless of the type, size, or speed, is worthless.
A possible explanation is how awareness was contextualized for this study.
By characterizing the phenotype as a broader and more precise set of contingent responses emanating across different individual agents, a richer and more complex analysis of the evolution of leadership and followership can be conducted.
For both variables, the trend of the curves shows that, when their level changes, the final level and the monotony do not undergo anomalous variations, and this is indicative of a correct calibration of the model.
Signals with high production costs are more effective in mitigating information asymmetry (Aggarwal et al., 2012).
Finally, on the type of supply chain, there is a clear gap between the number of works that have treated sustainable forward chain versus sustainable closed loop or reverse supply chain.
It may be possible that proactive helping may not be observable in individualistic cultures and may be a phenomenon of collectivistic cultures.
In Case 2, the shock absorbing ability depends on the maximum state difference of symmetric springs.
We applied the translation and back-translation procedure to achieve a linguistic equivalence between the English and Chinese versions (Brislin, 1986).
A downward trend in the years 2015 and 2016 can be noted, with the percentage of case study articles falling below 10% (for the Journal of Product Innovation Management, this trend was pronounced).
Discussions of data are bedevilled by inconsistencies in the way in with which the term is defined in the literature.
The results are then discussed to arrive at an agreement.
Illness experience is also one of the most important conditions for e-health services (Arning et al., 2008).
As expected, given their rather wide use in the energy policy domain, the vast majority of MCDM frameworks reviewed were employed in applications in the power sector.
On obtaining the solutions from the various methods, we compare the performance and present the results in Table 5.
Men, on the other hand, tend to focus on economic cost/benefit analysis without considering other decision criteria (Hillman, 2014).
The second one is called the cross-validated classification.
Finally, we identify some ofthe biggest obstacles to leveraging the powerof big data alongside its potential pitfalls.
Changes to the physical environment can consist of offering restrooms for all genders, and ensuring that all forms, policies, and educational/promotional materials reflect LGBTQ people and families (eg, by using images of same-gender couples or other LGBTQ people, avoiding gendered terms such as husband/wife, and adding SO/GI in nondiscrimination policies).
Industrial districts differ from industrial clusters by the nature of the inter-relations (Porter, 1998; Takeda, Kajikawa, Sakata, & Matsushima, 2008).
Thus, SME managers are directed to be both entrepreneurial and possess market intelligence.
Additionally, because we use 10-fold cross-validation to improve the model's ability to resist overfitting, LDA is carried out 10 times with cross-validation.
Most organizations, however, are designed as complex systems rather than complex adaptive systems (Stacey, 1995).
So, research institutes with higher degree centrality in the IR collaboration network always perform better than those without these characteristics (Mason and Watts, 2012).
In a study by Dewan and Chen , about half of respondents felt that mobile payment platforms collect users personal information far beyond the basic requirements to go through the transactions and using mobile payment applications put their personal information at risk.
Various surveys suggest LinkedIn is used as a screening and selection tool by many hiring managers.
However, the external practice suppresses positive economic performance, which suggests a need for more effective cooperation.
The most in-demand occupations today did not exist 10 or even five years ago; 65 per cent of children entering primary school today will ultimately end up working in entirely new jobs that do not yet exist (WEF,2016).
Individuals relate to each other via different social roles and present themselves as a function of the context-constructing a situation-specific dimension of their identity.
Importantly, we also asked employees whether the task allocation in their store achieved the best possible sales performance.
It turns out the average efficiency over all DMUs is 69.7% and the standard deviation is 15.2%.
Hence, in addition to control being exerted through an actor's position, it can also be achieved via formalized mechanisms.
Thus, the findings of the study can be potentially utilized by managers to identify optimal user-technology-induction combinations.
Environmental dynamism is positively associated with innovation ambidexterity.
This may raise concerns regarding self-selection bias.
When considering accommodation processes in relation to SNSs, CAT's explanation relies on a sender's perceptions of who the recipient is, and what is expected and normative.
Giambona and Vassallo (2014) aggregate CIs via a DEA-BoD (benefit-of-doubt) approach with weights determined endogenously by imposing proportion constraints.
While previous studies have tended to treat people with various auditory needs as a single category (Maiorana-Basas & Pagliaro, 2014), the mobile voice call vividly brings out the differences among people with auditory disabilities.
There are several characteristics of teams, and individuals within those teams, that can impact teamwork and engagement in safety performance.
In Model 3 with innovation as the dependent variable, the lagged patent stock scaled by firms' R&D has a positive and highly significant coefficient, while firm size is negative in the CE equation.
Threat analysis, especially for quantification of the threat, is a considerable challenge since it requires a multitude of data and knowledge, and modeling the motivations, intents, characteristics, capabilities, and tactics of adversaries .
P = -.48, p < .05) are even more strongly negatively related to turnover.
The results reveal that the deterministic energy strategy, heavily relying on fossil fuels, changes dramatically when uncertainty is accounted for.
Here, the firm creates value with a free product, and adds more value with many "fragmented" upsell products from which value is captured.
MCDM can also be used for comparing and evaluating IAM-based resulting scenarios, as discussed in Balezentis and Streimikiene (2017).
The African context provides an opportunity to study paradoxical demands and challenges not identified in other contexts (Cunha et al., 2016).
One main stream of team leadership research applies generic leadership models that are not specific to teams and that mostly concentrates on transformational leadership and LMX (Lord et al., 2017; van Knippenberg, 2017).
The test was conducted using Preacher and Hayes (2008) standard SPSS macro with a 99% confidence interval and 5000 bootstrap resamples in SPSS version 18, and it included the earlier specified control variables.
Across all articles, twice as many articles were categorized as principle one, than were categorized as reflecting the other principles, illustrating the field's lack of theory about process.
With regard to designing "SME-friendly" tenders, Timmermans and Zabala- Iturriagagoitia (2013) propose a so-called "coordinated unbundling" approach, aiming to break down large public procurement tenders into smaller parts in order to stimulate participation of small and medium sized suppliers.
Quicforce enables both instructors and students of post-graduate program in business management courses to deliver/receive course-related information and promote topic discussion/participation online.
One could even imagine that the same people that would link AL with job satisfaction, trust, extra effort, and so forth would do so with virtues that are close to the opposite, given the "right", positive framing, in conceptualizations as well as measurements.
In summary, on the basis of the weights of each RPN element, managers can set a priority to design protection plans and allocate suitable resources for preventing failure modes.
Importantly, recent evidence suggests that if leadership measures and processes are directed toward episodic memory, rating errors can be reduced (Martell & Evans 2005) and validity can be enhanced (T.K. Hansbrough, R.G. Lord, B. Schyns, R.J. Foti, R.C. Liden & B. Acton, unpublished manuscript).
Such research generally draws on studies of gender differences in risk taking, competitiveness, ethical decision-making and confidence (e.g. Ambrose & Schminke, 1999; Barber & Odean, 2001; Croson & Gneezy, 2009; Niederle&Vesterlund, 2007; Schwartz & Rubel, 2005) as a basis for arguments that women's conduct on boards differs from men's and that this affects organizational outcomes.
First, this study shows that the development of social media and e-commerce, i.e., two social commerce-IT capabilities, can improve firm performance through customer participation.
The history of problems in transportation and logistics is deep-rooted.
However, following success in their endeavors, they are likely to prefer exploitation over exploration because exploitation of knowledge has proven to be a guarantee of more certain results and therefore reduces the risk that their efforts will lead to dead ends (Audia and Goncalo, 2007).
We have not included the tenure ratio, since it is correlated to the part-time ratio.
So, the larger the number of criteria that are fully met, the better.
In line with the aforementioned existing regulatory regimes in China, we assume that the government performs inspections with a probability of p and punishes MNEs and their OEM suppliers caught for being below the Do-No-Harm threshold (Laggard).
The congruence line models how the same scores on promotion and prevention climates relate to collective commitment whereas the incongruence line models how discrepancies between these climates relate to collective commitment.
PLT's demand depends on types (IRR, WSH and TY) and ages (fresh, young and old) are considered (see Table 1).
Organizations are more influenced by organizations to which they are strongly tied and about whom they have positive sentiments (Tate, Ellram, & Golgeci, 2013).
They examined the application of their model using real data from a case study in Iran.
Because W is directly measured at the group-level, missing data in W can be addressed simply by specifying W as a latent variable in Mplus.
He points to an increase in the efficiency both of markets and of administrative organisation through lower transaction costs and reduced uncertainty, and to public-good effects, notably in enhancing a country's capacity for responding to new problems and opportunities.
The resulting contingent dynamics shed light on a fundamental trade-off product development organizations face when they encounter and learn new architectural knowledge about component interactions-Do they preserve the extant architecture and the established correspondence between product and organization so the benefits of interface stability can be sustained?
Additionally, the results of the min-max strategy depend on the chosen solution in the non-dominated frontier.
This review explains when and how work-related posttraumatic growth occurs, building a model of the process through which it develops.
There is a need to increase CSR practices to attain competitive advantage (Fatima, 2017).
Taken together, a comprehensive conceptualization of perceived PG fit should outline what characteristics (dimensions) individuals "fit on", reflecting the social and task elements of group work, and how fit exists on those dimensions (supplementarity or complementarity).
This style reflects the reviewer's sentiments and thus influences how the receiver perceives the message and the pricing power of firms (Archak, Ghose, and Ipeirotis 2011; Korfiatis, Garcia-Bariocanal, and Sanchez-Alonso 2012).
Although organizational performance and succession has been well studied in both PTOs and POFOs, it has been limitedly studied in POs.
The small number of studies that consider stochastic dependence either assume a model without condition information, or limit themselves to two units.
The problem with such studies is that the response bias of the individuals can lead to artificial correlations in their response patterns.
Given these differences in the ranges of dispersion and analytic approaches, it is uncertain how the insights and criticisms regarding ratios apply to strategy and the inferences we draw from our data.
In the third step, we compare the information against the recommendations of the G3, G3.1, and G4 guidelines.
We also included industry tenure (measured as the average age of all firms in an industry) to control for the possibility that firms in emerging industries are more innovative than those in mature industries.
In this paper, we assume that the initiating partner (either manufacturer or retailer) holds all of the bargaining power in the relationship.
Production resources can also act in coordination with other systems.
New metrics, such as those able to evaluate the semantic and linguistic structures of customer reviews, may be more appropriate as a means to select highly from little-engaged customers and thereby provide a more accurate basis for allocating resources and predicting future growth based on CEB.
CS was measured via seven items, which were adopted from Galbreath and Shum (2012).
The benefits of distributed job scheduling in manufacturing have recently garnered significant attention.
Fig. 2 shows a typical scenario of knowledge exchange in the website.
It contains rich information about the visitors and their actions.
Therefore, it is important to mention that the SCI is not conceived as a CI to be considered on its own, but as a complement to the WCI.
This is an interesting research topic that has not received much attention to this point.
We developed a fully functional annotation interface (by leveraging the brat annotation tool), which allows users to define types of entity of interest and annotate them following guidelines (see Figure 2 for the annotation interface).
As a result, the statistical practice in this field shields these studies from problems emerging from incorrect estimation and clustering of standard errors.
One reason that workarounds are receiving research attention in healthcare settings is their seeming conflict with the important goals of improving patient safety and reducing mortality and morbidity caused by the healthcare system itself (McFadden, Henagan, & Gowen III, 2009).
What is the impact of firm credibility and competition?
These models, which are shown in Table 8 in Appendix 1, show that 'Visit number' and 'Evening, are significant predictors of return behavior of reserving customers (Model 4).
In contrast, for teams with low team commitment, the slope term was not significant (slope = .24, p > .05), while the curvature term was significant and negative (curvature = -1.02, p < .01), indicating that benevolent leadership has an inverted U-shaped relationship with team performance when team commitment was low.
In the context of AI factories, a design brief is fluid and can be reframed even after a product has been released.
As a matter of fact, transforming equalities into inequalities is quite common in RO, "since often [equality] constraints restrict the feasibility region drastically or lead to infeasibility" (Gorissen et al., 2015), as in this case.
In 2012, Amazon acquired the company, renamed it to Amazon Robotics, and, now, applies the system in many of its U.S. distribution centers.
So when expanding into new cities, companies like Uber and Lyft must consider whether the dominant strategy is to be a "first mover," entering a city to help modify its regulatory infrastructure and enhance the legitimacy of ride sharing, or instead to be a "fast follower," entering only after a rival completes the hard work of establishing regulatory and social buy-in.
Unlike the station-based systems in those cities where bikes are kept at docks, the free-float bike sharing systems allow them to be picked up and left anywhere in well-defined service regions, saving the last-mile walking from nearby bike stations to final destinations for riders.
It calculates the performance according to the order of corresponding QoS values but not the values themselves.
It is commonly recommended (e.g., Chen, Curran, Bollen, Kirby, & Paxton, 2008) that the point-estimate of the RMSEA be used in conjunction with its 90% confidence interval, such that a path model would be rejected if the lower bound of the confidence interval was greater than .05 or if the upper bound was greater than .10 (regardless of its pointestimate value).
On the other hand, category competition is not a significant predictor of market acceptance.
Third, the results show that restricting people's adjustments to the model, rather than allowing them to use it freely, prevents them from making forecasts that deviate greatly from the model and thus improves their forecasting performance.
It would also reduce the need for energy storage which saves its resources.
Specially, her profitability is stronger under RS than under CS (see Corollary 2(2) for more detail), subsequently, she lowers wholesale price more substantially under RS than under CS, in order to further increase the retailer's purchases.
Our study is most closely related to Niu et al. (2016), who survey the role of cost-sharing contracts in coordinating the upstream farmer's production efforts.
When people lose resources as a result of negative incidents, they become vulnerable and defenseless, which is likely to compel them to acquire and utilize resources in the face of a loss (Halbesleben and Bowler, 2007; Halbesleben and Wheeler, 2015; Hobfoll, 1991, 2001; Wright and Hobfoll, 2004) in order to replenish and restore their resources.
To examine hypotheses 2a we estimated the CE model separately for the low and high social stratification subsamples.
The cyclical view of relationships requires a better, and more holistic, understanding of all lifecycle dynamics - including problems (like defaults/breaches) and their impacts.
Intraindividual variability in positive emotions is predictive of important psychological outcomes beyond mean levels of positive emotions.
Alternatively, a customer visiting WarbyParker.com could attribute more legitimacy to the brand simply because it has a local physical presence, and could therefore be more inclined to buy online.
Also, the estimated deprivation cost function was estimated for the population under study.
We emphasize that both the trade-in option and the remanufacturing process with proper efficiency are essential for the firm to benefit from strategic customer behavior: The former offers early purchase rewards to repeat customers, which can be well anticipated if customers are strategic, whereas the latter guarantees, in expectation, a repeat customer enjoys a higher surplus than a new customer in period 2.
To reduce heteroskedasticity, we log-transformed the variable.
We define our embedded unit of analysis as a disruption (non-routine event) in the  supply chain of five case organisations to identify the learning mechanisms for building the adaptive capability required to prepare for, respond to and recover from the event (i.e., to build resilience).
Given that not all the coded dimensions were finally included in the data analysis, we limited our attention only to the categories reported in the remainder of the paper.
Historically, foreign direct investment (FDI) was undertaken by MNEs from developed countries to other developed countries.
This result implies that the price matching strategy becomes even more effective when the fraction of customers who seek the benefit of price matching at the BM store increases with the difference between the prices of the BM store and the online retailer.
In 1980s, a lot of heavy industry factories are still distributed in suburban areas (see Fig. 3).
In a recent study, Lambert and Schwienbacher [60] argue that project types of crowdfunding may create inspiring effects on funders investment intention and, in turn, affect the actual proj ect success.
This leads to an unexplored area where sustainability improvements can be reached if CLSC and reverse SC researchers start exploring further the collaboration with the suppliers.
The categories which emerged from these initial codes were developed, creating key categories which were organized around prevalent mobile communication usage, and highlighted the interviewees' narratives, intentions and actions regarding normalizing social norms and inaccessible mobile functions.
Finally, customers explained that other, unknown customers could sometimes help them to cope, as they could provide emotional support.
Hence, we conclude that sound institutional quality is a prerequisite before financial development has any beneficial impact on innovation.
As shown in Figure 2, the relationships between organisational expectations, peer influence and change culture with continued use of EMR are all not statistically significant (respectively: 搂 = -0.045, -0.026 and 0.149; t = 0.321, 0.190 and 1.266).
The more parties involved, the greater the costs of sharing information among them credibly.
According to Reger (2003) introducing innovation for strategic competence as well as a previous study on innovation for firms' competitiveness (Hwang, 2004), innovation includes three dimensions on technology (Bocquet et al., 2017), management (Bamber, Bartram, & Stanton, 2017), and marketing (Rahman et al., 2017).
A smart contract feature is not available to all blockchains but is becoming desired functionality due to its flexibility and power to include business logic under certain conditions.
Antitrust authorities might view appropriation of developer IP as evidence of coercive monopoly-unhealthy competition between platform and developer-especially as a platform becomes large.
Specifically, under an agency selling case, the e-tailer does not share information only when F is intermediate.
When the price elasticity quantity increases (decreases), the revenue-maximizing price decreases (increases).
From conventional manufacturing, three solutions are immediately apparent: In-house, where all manufacturing is done internally.
In this step, we carry out the assessment of the sample of papers according to the selected categories and dimensions.
Pragmatically, establishing causal priority in these relations helps to explicate some of the circumstances under which social media use may facilitate engagement for some employees, while diminishing engagement for others.
The result that measured by the composite model is the final estimate and prediction results.
The fundamental objective of the new system was to ensure universal coverage in the healthcare system, particularly for the poor and vulnerable sectors of the population.
This approach provides a new theoretical insight to suggest that analytic ability can support managers to mitigate their bounded rationality.
This research has been motivated by the question of whether two related fields: DSS and SDSS, have grown in isolation of each other or whether there has been a cross-fertilization resulting in new concepts, methods, and application areas.
To solve our problem (23), we use the forests we trained to construct weights exactly like in (18), then we transform these like in (24), and, finally, we prescribe data-driven order quantities like in (8).
The application of FCA to the emergency services has direct utility in its capacity to generate evidence for strategic planning by identifying suitable locations for fire stations accounting for both current and future demand and supply of fire services.
Second, winsorizing influences corresponding coefficients of variation.
We also randomly sampled eight unpopular products across all categories to improve robustness and balance.
This type of learning facilitates a comfort communication between users to share their problems and questions and receive the appropriate solutions.
Finally, Section 5 concludes the paper and provides a discussion about future research directions.
This special issue, therefore comprises 13 JPIM articles that illuminate four central themes of disruption research.
Instead, less-than-truckload requests and short distances are predominant in urban transportation.
In this study, we deleted data from respondents who responded incorrectly to more than one quality control item.
We only analyze the effect of the five DCs, which might show limited evidence in depicting the entire picture of the mechanism of CSR implementation.
This study thus bridges this gap by providing evidence that innovators and brand-conscious customers are more likely to contribute to a firm's future revenue.
An advantage of using longitudinal records is that the researcher is more likely to capture stable patterns of participant interaction covering an organization's entire temporal cycle, which typically includes annual budgeting, planning, daily operations, product development and vacation periods.
The essential difference between the BWM and the Bayesian BWM is that we can compare the criteria colorfully.
At Time 3 (4 weeks after Time 2), we followed Chen, Zhu, and Zhou's (2015) approach for creating employee-customer dyads for survey research.
Turker (2009) defined CSR as a responsibility beyond the business interest with a positive effect on the stakeholders.
To alleviate this problem, and in order to better understand the role of innovation in public procurement, there is a need for greater integration across streams, ultimately leading to greater conceptual clarity and comparability of empirical constructs.
A CAS-based framing may help unravel new insights relating to coevolution of organizational, operational, and supply chain strategies in changing environments.
However, the logistic system with shared mobility incurs 8.2% more operating cost than the truck-only system in the baseline scenario, as the first entry of Table 2 shows.
In this theoretical sampling, we engaged in extensive dialog with providers who had an experience of providing advanced services in order to develop an inventory of specific outcome-based service cases.
How should a firm manage suppliers for a dematerialized business model?
Companywide recognition and publicity were the incentives for participation.
However, our fieldwork also found that the industry experienced frustration in its aim to work with the university.
Alongside, the personal nature of the relationships among individuals with same goals (Yli-Renko et al., 2001; Requena, 2003; Wasko and Faraj, 2005).
The permanent connectedness enabled by smartphones provides users with a plethora of opportunities to experience intrinsic need satisfaction, but it comes with a price because it "can also come to feel overwhelming and imprisoning' (Baym, 2015, p. 125) due to the fact that others expect constant availability.
If it is a dominant player and has many alterna tive investment projects, its unit opportunity cost could be higher than a typical bank's earning rate.
We offer a more concrete conceptualization of what exactly coopetition capabilities entail in a supplier chain context by highlighting the importance of evaluative capabilities of the buying firm.
We characterize the pref erence alignment and preference confliction zones for the assembler and the suppliers.
Delivery time is the time-period from when a customer places an order until the customer receives the product.
In China, insurance regulators estimate that the proportion of insurance fraud is approximately 20%, and at the same time, China's automobile insurance claimed 175.09 billion RMB in 2011.
The discourse reflected this fact: "The policy issues surrounding telecommunications investment as an instrument of economic growth are complex.
Unlike qualitative approaches (e.g., Gehman et al., 2013) and some descriptive social network analysis approaches (e.g., Borsboom & Cramer, 2013; Butts, 2008), CEMbased research requires specific theoretical ideas on what type of organizational structures, attitudes, and perceptions are expected to have a key role in group social dynamics.
Because consumers of urban local FFSCs do not directly interact with local growers except in farmer's markets, intermediary retailers of fruit and vegetable box schemes and food cooperatives have become the cornerstone of urban food systems with their supply chain strategies governed by shared values of fairness, mutual trust and sustainability.
We contend that the above definition will assist future research in further developing a comprehensive theory of servant leadership.
The different risk preferences of multiple stakeholders with claims on a firm's economic profit presents a challenge for those who are tasked with bringing together the resources needed to generate the co specialization required to create economic profits  often a firm's managers or its entrepreneurs.
In addition, other results on the operational and financial implications presented in this paper may also serve as testable hypotheses for future empirical studies.
In the extended models (i.e., with both product greenness and price competition), the optimal product greenness level for the whole channel is always higher than in the case where both retailers charge a high retail price than the case of a low retail price.
In many advanced countries, young women are more highly educated than young men and have the capacity to compete in the job market (McDonald, 2013).
It is highly unlikely that the regulatory regime in healthcare will look anything like those in other safety-critical industries in the short to medium term.
Furthermore, with the development of the Internet, the sharing economy has also penetrated the hotel industry.
Unlike uit, z, captures factors that make a unit similar to itself (rather than different) over time.
When compared to their counterparts in advanced countries, government offices in the Philippines generally are less responsive to facility improvement particularly in relation to the use of state-of-the-art technologies due to budgetary cuts, slow bureaucratic project approval process, and the 鈥渦se-while-still-it-works" approach.
If the second or the third condition is met, that means Vm cannot secure an accepted request from an alternative supplier by the end of the iteration, and Vm will be marked as "disrupted".
Although two items (items 5 and 6) appeared to load onto both factors, they loaded more strongly on Factor 1 and had noticeably lower loadings on Factor 2 relative to items 7-12.
Firm innovativeness was measured using a five-item scale that assessed the extent to which the organization encourages creativity and risk taking, seeks out innovative ideas from its employees and, the extent to which the firm has been at the cutting edge of technological innovations in its industry.
It is also assumed that the whole shock absorber has 4 states (h = 3) with .
Finally, even if the effects are small, this does not necessarily mean they are not important (e.g., Prentice & Miller, 1992).
Literature on personal identity argues that personal identity is formed by values that are at the core of an individual's self (Hitlin 2003).
The 2011 disaster highlighted the importance of managing higher tiers in the SC in order to reduce the risk and impact of SC disruptions.
In particular, certain facets in each trait tend drive these relationships.
As we all know, support from the operations manager is necessary, and ultimately affects the success of deploying innovative measures.
A similar process took place in other settings, for ex ample in Germ an territories following the implementation of the 'BioRegio, cluster-based technology policy from 1995 onwards (Champenois 2012; 2006; Dohse, 2007).
In terms of industry, many articles (24) do not focus on any particular application domain.
Over the past decades, numerous efforts have been dedicated to the development on comprehensive safety metrics as well as qualitative/quantitative approaches to detect anomalous behavior, assess the safety, and quantify the risk associated with one subsystem (i.e., airport ground operations, flight tracking, or taxiway and runway system) or a mixture of subsystems in the air transportation system [9].
Finally, championing environmental sustainability takes such forms as building businesses cases, providing cross-functional project management (Pujari et al., 2003), and influencing employees and decisionmakers.
Aside from voluntary tools, various government agencies are also actively involved in pushing firms to improve their environmental performance.
The dissemination of augmented ethical policies and training in these policies further sets expectations and raises awareness of modern slavery concerns.
Therefore, the system degradation can be well reflected by the time-frequency domain information.
In this sense, efficient capital market hypothesis and positive accounting theory support stakeholder theory and posit that more disclosure reduces information asymmetry and improve capital market efficiency (Healy & Palepu, 2001).
These are contrasted to tonic responses (i.e., skin conductance level; SCL), that is, the overall EDA (for instance, throughout a full experimental session).
However, past gains in such research have often been triggered by new statistical approaches (Lord, Day, Zaccaro, Avolio, & Eagly, 2017).
The findings show that even well designed social sustainability mechanisms can lead to unfair perception and negative reciprocity of sub-suppliers if framed as insulation.
The pricing analysts have long recognized that the incumbent system fails for SKUs with significant crosschannel (SFS) fulfillment because of its inability to partition inventory between store demand and online fulfillment, and hence, they requested to productize the OCPX solutions immediately.
This analysis enabled the authors to identify common themes within the literature and generate important questions to be addressed in future studies.
Thus, H5a was supported, but H1a and H3a were not.
Stimulants (e.g., amphetamines, cocaine, caffeine, and nicotine) increase central nervous system activity and cause increased energy and euphoria.
Generally speaking, there are two approaches in text sentiment analysis - a learning-based approach and a lexicon-based approach (Zhang et al., 2012).
As Carvalho et al. (2013) suggested, during the triage process the authors of the present study read the titles and abstracts of 211 publications separately.
Therefore, we consider the proposed methods in the pre-processing and content-based filtering phases, and then, we use the results obtained from CF part in the hybrid filtering phase and apply the positive effect of the similar users on the extracted posts.
This has implications for our understanding of customer value.
Accordingly, we believe that SCM researchers are well equipped to develop middle-range theories that are typically not the domain of economists (Craighead, Ketchen & Cheng, 2016; Stank, Pellathy, In, Mollenkopf & Bell, 2017).
The approach is applied to a real-world case study, showing that the obtained results represent a significant driver in planning maintenance activities.
Small sample sizes (i.e., n < 50 per cell) need to be avoided if possible.
Yet it is still unclear whether users adapt their language to a unique and stable imagined audience, regardless of their actual readers, or if they consider all possible audiences and attendant consequences for a message.
Credit scoring aims to assign a score to a loan based on the prediction of a classification algorithm.
Furthermore, task interdependence and social support buffer the detrimental relationship between personal competitiveness and evasive hiding of explicit knowledge, but not tacit knowledge.
Luo et al. introduced a global similarity whose value depends on locally connected neighbors [34].
An important proposition of self-disclosure theory is that the disclosure of information inculcates trust in the receiver's mind about the discloser.
Table 4 shows the closeness and betweenness scores for the journals most often cited by SDSS journal articles in Scopus.
Part of the literature retrieved analyses the enablers of IoT. Similar to the case of IoT definition, some articles limit their focus to RFID technology, whilst others include a wide range of technologies that enable data collection, transmission and processing.
Emotion research in psychology and organizational science does not have a single predominant view of positive emotion.
Here we consider three examples of old questions that might be understood in new ways from this standpoint: (a) How can work be designed to maximize efficiency?
This result is different from the case where the firm strategically chooses only its price.
Furthermore, the average population of SA2s without a fire station within 14 min is 5840 compared to the BSD-wide average of 9058 and an average of 9115 for those SA2s that did possess a fire station within the 14-min response time threshold.
Following the most recent systematic review process in leadership studies (Fischer, Dietz, & Antonakis, 2017), we selected journals that have the highest 5-year impact factors.
Among the three hypotheses of the moderating effects, H8a and H8c were supported, and H8b was unsupported.
The next section reviews previous studies and develops a holistic business model framework.
Overall, ex post i-deals and developmental i-deals appear to represent and reinforce stronger social relationships with the employer.
Figure 1 depicts Nissan's ownership in the supplier as well as in 20 other strategic first-tier keiretsu suppliers.
The best predictors of this behavior, however, were the social benefits, the feeling of belonging and connectedness.
The fact that numerous respondents in our survey indicated that they operate a small business in parallel to driving for a ridesharing service underscores the potential for this line of work.
One obvious reason for the use of experimental designs is their ability to provide evidence of causality (Antonakis, Bendahan, Jacquart, & Lalive, 2010; Campbell & Stanley, 1963; Colquitt, 2008; Falk & Heckman, 2009).
For the implemented models, it is obviously that the proposed WAUCE model achieves the highest accuracy.
While it has grown in prominence, its full potential and possible downsides are not fully understood yet, especially with respect to operations management (OM).
There was a significant interaction effect of latency by contingency, that rendered any potential main effect of latency uninterpretable (see Figure 1).
In order to provide a consistent and collectively exhaustive classification, these are divided into economic sectors (Table 1).
Gumus, Ray, and Gurnani (2012) examine disruption risk information asymmetry in a supply chain with one buyer and two competing suppliers.
The third individual difference pertains to attractor strengthnamely, regulatory processes that influence dynamic properties such as the duration of affective states, their inertia, and their return to the home base.
Past success was measured as the cumulative number of selected ideas submitted by an employee prior to the submission of the focal idea (Bayus, 2013).
Actually, this transformation is challenging since the integrated Wiener process plus a BM may not be simply transformed as a new BM with certain transformations functions, though the means and variances before and after the transformation are identical.
First, we emphasize that there is much to be gained by addressing employees' perceptions of CSR, rather than objective CSR because employee reactions to CSR are likely to emerge based on that perceived rather than actual reality.
While the program involves transfer of knowledge through training, some interns highlighted a lack of formal system in place to ensure that interns were trained.
For a type denote the market revenue in zone i in period j, and let denote the expected revenue of a worker serving zone i in period j.
To help solve this issue, Microsoft introduced a remote assistance app for its HoloLens, enabling customers to visually share their environment with FLEs who, in turn, may draw virtual instructions on the customer's environment to help them solve most issues.
Last, the standard applications of state-space modeling and dynamic factor analysis use singlesubject designs, but they can be extended to evaluate multiple-subject time-series designs while still providing person-specific inferences (but such applications may be labor intensive; Chow et al., 2010; Guetal., 2014).
We standardized the variables to prevent multicollinearity (Aiken and West, 1991).
The 3BL implications of NGO certification under regulatoryoversight ifthegovernment intervenes () are asfollows:  and .
Therein, learning can affects how much knowledge can be applied in exploitative opportunities, knowledge created can be applied to new products, services or business processes.
On the other hand, a number of recent developments, such as cloud sourcing and process-sourcing suggest that capabilities related to IT infrastructure are getting commoditized and that firms are increasingly able to access those through the market (Carr, 2003).
This is because the dummy start activity should provide resources to other activities, while the dummy finish activity should collect them back.
Due to the excessive size of the training set, we decided to use only the test and dev sets.
Reasons for project adaptations include design failures, unanticipated site and environmental conditions, unforeseen changes in regulatory requirements, etc.
He [SS10] does not want to lose his business either.
Hence, organizations can utilize HRM to effectively deliver and implement environment friendly policies (Guziana & Dobers, 2013; Jabbour et al., 2013).
Despite the lack of clear mediation effects via ad recognition, perhaps a more fine-grained measure of persuasion knowl edge may yield clearer effects than the dichotomous recognition measure we used.
A number of studies consider multiple competing failure modes.
Replication strategy and adaptation dominate in this stream.
These failure modes could be divided into seven failure classifications, namely accuracy, noise, exterior, sensor and electric control, oil seal, waterproofing, and geometric dimensions.
A similar technique can performed for characteristics (i.e. replacing a single trait from 2011 with its value from 2015) to examine which characteristic shifts are the most important.
A supply decision is made to meet (or not) customer-desired product varieties, volumes and times.
Che et al modified the original evolution method, and proposed a non-dimensionalized scoring standard to form a complete assessment system to measure the vulnerability of the urban power grid.
In this study, social processes refer to the level of familiarity, communication, proximity and trust between project team members (Akgun et al., 2005).
It is clear that more IT will not necessarily prevent future supply chain tsunamis.
To put it another way, EV-Co as a start-up company, which focuses on R&D of end-user products (e.g., cars) and services (mobility services), can open up significant new markets for its upstream (raw material) suppliers, who may be less end-user R&D focused and more focused on high-volume production R&D.
Furthermore, attention should be given to empirically investigating their joint deployment, since in practice many firms experiment concurrently with multiple modes of innovation processes.
The authors believe that this mechanism can eventually improve innovation and profitability.
Incorporating a dynamic perspective is crucial for analyzing how CSR should be effectively implemented for contemporary global supply chain management.
The potential for rapid implementation of one-for-one replenishment of AM spare parts can again be illustrated by a comparison to mass customization: within less than 500 days, the entire hearing aid industry in the United States shifted the production of mass-customized hearing aid shells from TM to AM (D'Aveni, 2015).
These challenges are economic, political, regulatory, legal, social, and technological.
Like other social media, users spend time engaging in self-presentation via posts, yet they spend even more time viewing and "liking" posts appearing in their feed of followed users (Frison & Eggermont, 2017).
Most of all, while the notion of value is central to any business model, value only features in one of the nine constructs of the business model canvas - the value proposition.
Beyond these strategies, leadership researchers need to look for ways to enhance the contributions of their quasi-experiments.
The remaining analyses reported no effect.
Finally, there exists a threshold so that we can guarantee .
To understand the problem, the bifocal lens brings these structures (to include history) and lived practices to the forefront.
In summary, there will be transactions in the sharing market only if .
Indeed, the common-factor model is a cornerstone of modern psychometrics (e.g., Borsboom, 2006a) and plays a central role in the processes of developing new measures (Hinkin, 1998) and applying existing ones (e.g., J. P. Green et al., 2016).
But in the case of blockchain, it seems that there are few established players.
As a consequence, worldwide IP coverage of inventions is an important element of firm growth and sets up a strategic challenge for firms (presumably large) to protect their rents stemming from innovations.
The absorptive capacity moderates the relationship between formal collaboration modes and innovation performance.
Another family-owned and managed Mittelstand firm, Elektrisola, founded in 1948 in North-West Germany (Eckenhagen) also has a worldwide network of factories, expanding operations first to Italy (early 1960s) and then to the United States (mid-1970s), Malaysia and Mexico (1990s), and China (2005).
Each of these factors differentiates the development of China and the US.
Highlighting speciGc Canvas BM design elements within each identified overarching aspect is an effective tool that managers and executives can use to understand which aspects of the BM should be innovated in order to overcome particular challenges and sustain platform growth.
It is widely understood that radical and incremental innovation efforts require different management practices, capabilities and organizational components (Bessant et al., 2010).
The first type is Social link commerce; the second type is communal purchase commerce; the third type is online-offline linkage commerce (Hwang et al., 2014; Kim, 2015).
These costs are broadly accurate and importantly have been agreed upon by industry.
We acknowledge that text timing is a crude and imperfect method to select papers, but it has the advantage of being reproducible, objective, and able to mine big data fast at low cost.
Panic patients also exhibit larger SCR during extinction (Michael, Blechert, Vriends, Margraf, & Wilhelm, 2007).
Component failure lowers the production rate of the system.
Weak invariance is necessary to test equality of factor variances related to positively and negatively worded items.
This implies that these exchanges will not be a source of economic profit.
First, the data distribution samples visible units based on hidden units.
Additionally, supply chain efficiency was higher in Neg-WQ than in Neg-W, despite the former case having more parameters to negotiate simultaneously.
While not the traditional method to identify and study boundary conditions, Busse and colleagues (2017) recently made a call for the discovery of boundary conditions using certain proposed methods, some of which are similar to the person-specific approach (although not labeled as such).
We present a general framework for search personalization that employs a three-pronged approach: (a) feature generation, (b) normalized discounted cumulative gain (NDCG)-based LambdaMART algorithm, and (c) feature selection using the wrapper method.
In this study, we control for firm age and firm size at the firm level.
The studies related to the subject are based on theories such as Actor-Network Theory (Shim and Shin, 2016) and Metcalfe's Law (Alabi, 2017).
The treatment consists of training the treated group to identify the problem, articulate theories, define clear hypotheses, conduct rigorous tests to prove or disprove them, measure the results of the tests, and make decisions based on these tools.
Later, the discussion started to span a wide range of topics, from technological neutrality to freedom of expression.
The fieldwork allowed us to collect almost all data needed to define the operating costs of the existing network.
Assume the 3PL is the Stackelberg leader.
The repository was tested on MIMIC-III v1.4 at the time of this publication.
As one executive explained, "We work with local craftsmen, regional companies who are high quality, ambitious partners, and we give them the tools to grow.
Choi and Yi (2003) have studied the impact of the Internet on economic growth of 207 economies over the period 1991-2000.
However, for the present study, the 80th, 50th, and 20th percentiles are used for the 0.95, 0.50, and 0.05 membership scores because this scoring procedure provided more useful information relevant to estimating coverages of cases of interest having high scores in complex antecedent conditions using the guidelines recommended by Ragin (2008).
Consistent with prior IS research and with prior research on proactive work behavior, we also measured years of experience with Excel, gender, and education as control variables.
We thus choose the dyadic relationship as our main unit of analysis.
We measured a supplier firm's size using sales (Revenues) and profitability using return on equity (Profitability).
First of all, the proposed model employs the Logistic map to initialize the swarm, which provides more population diversity than that generated using a randomization method as in the original FA model.
In the case that there are some conflicts between different experts, how to reach a real group consensus is also a question which needs to be addressed in depth.
The findings serve as a reference for industrialists and lay a foundation for future studies.
To be specific, Fig. 10 (a) illustrates the effect of CM cost in c on optimal expected cost per unit time.
In maritime transportation, the invention of the sea container is dated 1956 and has impacted sea transport dramatically.
Requiring a referral is a process friction that entails additional work for the gatekeeper and may not reduce specialist use enough to compensate for the loss in the gatekeeper's productivity (Chu, Wagholikar, Greenslade, O'Dwyer, & Brown, 2013; Forrest, 2003; Greco & Eisenberg, 1993; Martin, Diehr, Price, & Richardson, 1989).
In this paper, we propose a novel methodology based on the multicriteria reference point scheme.
Consistent with this idea, we find that the relation between innovation and GAI is more pronounced in tight labor markets.
However, firms able to accomplish such complementary interactions are  likely to enhance their capability to respond to changes in their business environment quickly and create competitive advantage (Oh etal., 2006).
According to their results, a backup sourcing strategy is preferred at the beginning of the supply disruption, while the compensation strategy is preferred as time elapses.
Individual dispositions, however, may play an important role in determining job seekers' affective reactions to feedback quality (Kluger & DeNisi, 1996).
Table I shows that the 308 manufacturing companies covered eight major industries, 91.2 per cent had more than 200 employees and 91.6 per cent had been operating in the area for more than 5 years, thus ensuring the representativeness of the samples.
In terms of communication, standardization is highly required in order to reach better interoperability among heterogeneous data sources.
Although such openness with various external partners provides access to valuable and complementary knowledge, recombining with existing internal knowledge may create information overload and cognitive distance that prevents firms from obtaining synergy from the knowledge inflow.
AirSouth has been encouraging internal entrepreneurship.
A feasible pricing policy n requires n; and n; to be -progressive.
The second round of the Delphi study, which requires experts to rate indices based on their orientations for critical indices, supports this theorisation.
One can also conceive that individuals end up being overwhelmed or annoyed if real-time feedback becomes ubiquitous.
The implication is that coordination with the IT function, which can support customization of information systems, will help benefits be achieved and that a closer working relationship between IT and other functions may help benefits to be realized more quickly.
Regarding the model's indicator reliability, it has been proposed that each indicator's loading on the associated construct should exceed a threshold of 0.7 (Hulland, 1999), which was met in our study.
Sosa, Eppinger, and Rowles (2004) maintain that although some of the architectural knowledge about component interactions is explicit and known by product development organizations, some component interactions remain unspecified or unknown until much later.
This additional warranty can be bought either at the start or at the end of the basic warranty.
While challenging to capture, these more refined measures could shed new light on exactly what effects supply chain activities offer.
Matheuristics based on the MIP models have recently been proposed for nesting problems.
While great strides have been made to understand the role of technology at the organizational frontline, many things remain unknown (Ostrom et al., 2015; Singh et al., 2017).
It is considered to be one of the most useful models in the field of probabilistic knowledge representation and reasoning .
Positive energy, in the form of knowledge sharing, decreases the negative effects of bad work environment and leads to innovative work behavior (Clercq, Dimov, & Belausteguigoitia, 2014).
Attitude toward user acceptance of technology is defined as an individual's overall efficient reaction (liking, enjoyment, joy, and pleasure) to use technology (Davis 1989; Taylor and Todd 1995).
In a new contribution to the literature, we find that network centrality relates to worse confidentiality performance; meanwhile, spanning structural holes relates to better confidentiality performance.
Often, there is a desire to minimize the length of surveys to minimize patient burden.
Also, the parsimony of the results should be highlighted.
Soft consensus measure is widely used in consensus building with preference relations in GDM.
Our evidence suggests that the variance premium is driven by at least two factors that have opposite association with long-horizon excess returns.
From the viewpoint of application developers, the user base of the platform are directly related to their expected financial gains and intrinsic rewards such as their ego, enjoyment, and community identification (Ryu, Kim, & Kim, 2014; Wu et al., 2007).
More importantly, the notion of non-linearity of empowering leadership should be explicated conceptually and replicated empirically in multiple studies based on specific theory (e.g., behavioral threshold theory of nonlinear effects; see Grijalva, Harms, Newman, Gaddis, & Fraley, 2015) using multiple methods (e.g., Bayesian analysis, item response theory, computation modeling) to validate and generalize findings.
Data published by various public and private sources unequivocally show that around the world, men hold the vast majority of corporate directorships and women are starkly underrepresented.
Transform: Fundamentally change business and industry processes and relationships.
In the first stage, , the retailer moves first to offer the manufacturer an incentive scheme , where represents the share of his revenue that he will share with his manufacturer (hereafter, we call it the share for short), and is the fraction of the investment cost he would share with the manufacturer (hereafter, the fraction for short).
This section looked at the telecommunications sector.
In addition, the NPI has been modified to conform to a traditional Likert scale with sample items including I am an extraordinary person" and IfI ruled the world it would be a much better place" (Boldero et al. 2015).
In line with the conceptualization in Figure 1, by considering process networks (the environment that is interpreted and enacted upon) as part of the CAS, the study examines how the network's structural and functional characteristics impact the network's performance.
The results presented in Table 6 show this model provided a significant improvement to the overall system.
Further research on this topic can augment this evidence by examining the way the sample companies have implemented the EU directive.
Our initial empirical data analysis revealed that the HAOs' creation was a complex, multistep process involving key individuals (1ater cal1ed 'boundary spanners').
See Fig. 3, Tables 4 and 5.
China is a highly collectivistic culture (Hofstede, 1984).
Finally, although much care was taken in the selection of the search terms used in our study, we acknowledge that our choice may have excluded certain blockchain articles from this review.
Another possible approach to supplement our focus on perceived CSR is to examine the mission statements and websites of the organizations involved to identify whether or not perceived CSR and objective CSR converge.
As base learners, we utilize state-of-the-art learning algorithms previously used in credit risk modelling.
We conducted the empirical analysis by using 959 crowdfunding projects from the Dreamore platform.
This may result in unexpected consequences since there can be adverse effects on user behavior.
In traditional SCM, the roles of primary stakeholders such as suppliers and customers in value creation are clearly defined.
Estimating the relationships of PL and its dimensions to establish leadership constructs is critical in order to understand the nomological network of a construct and as part of establishing its unique and/or redundant nature (Antonakis, 2017).
Namely, surge pricing is used in the surge zone to manage the shortage of workers in a zone.
For instance, the CEM could be used to generate insights on how long the development of perceptions and climates takes for specific constructs and organizational contexts.
Additionally, a review of the literature indicates that actual results are more complicated than the reported ones in different studies.
Like control variables in other models, it can potentially decrease the amount of residual variance and group-level random slope variability.
Servant leaders are depicted as providing support for the development and well-being of all followers (through emotional healing and helping subordinates grow and succeed), as behaving ethically and as possessing the capability to build quality relationships because each relationship is tailored to the specific needs of the individual (Graham, 1991; Greenleaf, 1998; Liden, Panaccio et al., 2014).
However this requires formal collaboration rather than just ad hoc interaction (e.g., Driessen and Hillebrand 2013).
Theorem 2(2) shows a counterintuitive result that, the sales price under bank loans is the highest when bank interest rate is relatively low.
Novel computational procedures permit the detection of patterns where no traditional methods could yield useful insights or even be applied.
Using blockchain, it may become possible for manufacturing companies to improve how quickly they trace problems with a specific product, component or material manufacturer (Angrish et al., 2018).
On the other hand, in the Transform industry, since most firms are well aware of the importance of rapidly developing and simultaneously exercising IT capability, they aggressively chase IT innovations and are more likely to imitate others or follow fads, neutralizing the benefits of having superior IT capability.
We adjust the production volume by including the ramp-up and ramp-down phases at the beginning and toward the end of the production life of the car model, that is, reducing the reported peak production volume per year.
To ensure identification, a necessary condition is that each emergent variable must be linked to at least one variable not forming the emergent variable [28,134].
In this sense, technological anxiety has been identified as an important psychological variable that can influence the adoption process of new services (Evanschitzky et al., 2015; Meuter et al., 2005).
For example, one is a longitudinal cohort study, which tracks subjects in an historical manner to follow their outcomes relative to the treatments they were observed to have received (e.g., as with financial market investments by investors who have had more involvement with financial advisors yet are similar in other ways).
Altogether, fit theory posits positive outcomes of fit irrespective of whether personal attributes are extremely high or extremely low, whereas prospect and regulatory focus theories suggest that fit on high personal attributes (gain) results in more positive outcomes than fit on low personal attributes (nonloss) (see Figure 2).
For these reasons, the repre sentativeness of the findings is questionable.
We later show how to specify and select models with higher-order CL lags and how to test effects among variables in more nuanced ways using impulse responses.
In order to identify buying firms that have experience selecting new venture suppliers, we screened German-speaking startup blogs and magazines.
The ratio of 60 observations per variable in our model exceeds the minimum ratio of 10-20 suggested to ensure empirical validity of logit models (Hosmer at al., 2013).
On the other hand, users may abandon the newly adopted platform as the monetary incentive runs out.
Based on this information, MediumCar would like to enhance its navigation services.
This can be seen as analogous to a state of equilibrium" and would explain the preference in such works for an ecological definition of resilience where the focus is on a particular organisation's competitive advantage, specifically, minimising the time and cost of a disruption and exploiting competitor weaknesses (Pereira et al., 2014; Kim et al., 2015; Todo etal., 2015).
To meet the objectives, the PRISMA methodology was used to select which papers to include in the analysis [36].
Future researchers could conduct a longitudinal study in the hospitality industry, to examine cause and effect relationships to reduce common method biasness.
Ambrose and Steiner (2019) demonstrate the applicability of changes in capital expenditure volumes specifically as a proxy for current, market-based investment choices by firms.
Participants indicated their agreement from "strongly disagree" (1) to "strongly agree" (7), with several descriptors of the website associated with the message, including being credible, having integrity, being trustworthy, and so forth.
Patients may not be able to choose the provider doing follow-up care, and delays and overhead in information transmission might compromise the effectiveness of the care system.
A review of the literature on BT reveals that most of the studies are focused on presenting the benefits and challenges of implementing BT.
Proper management against uncertainty provides more channel profit than the decision made under the assumption of deterministic demand, disregarding uncertainty.
These methods seek to determine the most influential individuals who will maximize the spread of information within a social network and to study how influence spreads or cascades from those individuals (see Chen, Wang, & Yang, 2009; Kempe, Kleinberg, & Tardos, 2003).
As shown by Lemma 4 (in the online appendix), under the socially optimal second-period pricing strategy, the prices for new and repeat customers are equal to the respective net total unit production and environmental cost (i.e., ).
Implicit in the definition of openness is the notion that openness occurs among individual firms that search for different knowledge across boundaries to increase opportunities for innovation.
Productive dialogue allows employees and particularly change agents such as senior managers and star scientists in pharmaceutical companies (Kaplan, Murray, and Henderson, 2003; Rothaermel and Hess, 2007) to transfer their often tacit cognitive frame of the need for change and their conceptualization of possible action plans to their co workers.
Our measure is one of the few climate measures to draw on specific organizational-level theories, to operationalize the construct at the unit level, and to test a theoretical model at the unit level.
Our analysis further suggested that these two enablers retain their importance in predicting future B2B platform assimilation irrespective of what assimilation stage a firm is currently in.
The last decade has witnessed a sharp rising trend in environmental awareness and protection in China.
First, in order to successfully contribute to theory on trust in different contexts, it is of utmost importance for sharing economy and blockchain- related research to agree on a set of common concepts and expressions and to relate those to established work.
As knowledge hiding has an interpersonal dimension (Connelly et al., 2012; Connelly and Zweig, 2015), we draw upon SET to examine the relationship between perceived knowledge hiding and team viability.
LDA can be considered as an emergent clustering method to obtain a soft (multi-membership) clustering of documents (Brusco, Steinley, Cradit, & Singh, 2012).
Demand-driven strategies could be disruptive when superimposed on supply-driven supply chains such as food supply chains; the heterogeneity of consumer characteristics of the food supply chain and the perishable nature of food products requires hybrid strategies (Blackburn and Scudder, 2009).
One example of such an empirical setting can be found in Sweden and the Swedish capital, Stockholm.
The analysis in Section 3 indicates that M5 represents the newsvendor behavior better than the other competing models.
The red filled node is a chance node used to identify the event in a decision tree where a degree of uncertainty exists.
It forms a new structure of pairwise comparisons in BWM, which is quite different from the pairwise comparisons in AHP.
In that case, the consequences are more severe than that of the primary attack event.
It describes the extent to which activities were employed to 1) proactively scan for potential relevant signals that might endanger the current project or provide a new opportunity to tap into (information intake), 2) systematically evaluate and predict the viability of the project outcome in the intended future market (formal interpretation), and 3) involve project members to specifically consider if previous assumptions still hold and if they do not how this may affect the future of the project's outcome (informal interpretation).
Brecard (2014) studies the effect of misperception of ecolabels on social surplus and the provision of environmental benefits.
However, both studies failed to find all the constellations posited in the JDC model.
In step one, differential equations with unspecified functions are formulated to describe the time-evolution of the state variables (Pi, P2, ... , P&).
Lemma 3 asserts that in the decentralized system with abatement under RS, increases in t and B, but decreases in k, which implies that the retailer would share a larger share of his sales revenue with his manufacturer when carbon tax is higher or CEA is stronger, while he will share a smaller share with the manufacturer when the abatement investment becomes more expensive.
Automobile insurance fraud detection has become critically important for reducing the costs of insurance companies.
The PCO is not just something that may be nice to have" in this environmentte would argue that it is necessary, a key to psychological success in a changing world.
However, there are also commonalities that we can draw on to conceptualize positive emotions.
The internal consistency was assessed by examining the Cronbach's alpha coefficients, which ranged from 0.60 to 0.92 and were acceptable.
Moreover, reference co-citation analysis can be employed to capture some promising future research opportunities in a certain field based on the publication references.
New idea generation not only is necessary for organizational innovation but also can lead to changes in business operations that will increase productivity and build competitive advantages.
Data for perceived knowledge hiding (independent variable), social interaction (moderator) and growth, need, strength (control variable) were collected from salespersons.
Thus, we first hypothesize a main effect of workarounds in general on HAPI.
We performed a post hoc multi-group analysis to explore whether there were statistically significant differences between firms with low versus high development of social media capability relative to the effects included in the proposed model (Table 10).
Based on these findings, cutoffs of .40, .60, and .80 might be considered small, medium, and large effect sizes.
As such, they proposed a joint order-replacement policy for in-service and non-repairable critical systems.
It comprises content analysis and abductive category-building based on previous literature.
It can be seen that, GP, Robi and BL are using 37 MHz, 36.4 MHz and 30.6 MHz of spectrum, respectively.
This regards the kind of information on organizational phenomena and actors we can infer from HRV measures.
Gold and Arvind Malhotra (2001) opined that there must be comprehensive investment in technological infrastructures to aid various systematic activities within the organization.
While the former is associated with the retail business operations, the latter includes the retailers' involvement in their suppliers' environmental activities and the environmental impact of the retail SC.
They find evidence to suggest that the surge price resulted in rides being allocated to consumers who valued them the most, and attracted more drivers to that zone.
In contrast, because the ARC subsidy is calculated based on revenue as opposed to price, an increase in yield creates two opposing forces: it increases the amount of harvest but reduces the market price.
Thus, the goal of this research is to explore how to foster these more protective behaviors.
We approached the World Wildlife Funds for Nature  to identify an initial pool of MNEs.
The main purpose of implementing DFR techniques in the wind turbine manufacturing industry is to minimise the number of failures experienced over the lifetime, which results in enormous savings in maintenance and energy production costs.
First, we provide stability analyses of two contrasting real-world supply networks-the inbound supply network of an industrial engine manufacturer and an industry-level supply network in the luxury goods sector.
This study proposes that the negative relationship between abusive supervision and knowledge sharing, mediated by emotional exhaustion, can be alleviated by a high level of organizational justice.
Dominance-oriented leaders will be more common in organizational cultures with steep informal social hierarchy.
Moreover, we doubt that communication technology has finished its latest revolution.
Second, we concluded the potential research opportunities for the field of SCD.
The threat encompasses individuals, groups, organizations, or governments that may execute these intentional events.
Only two studies to date have examined the relationship between dimensions of the five- factor personality model and the PCO.
Personas place focus on people with whom the designer can empathize" (Welsh and Dehler, 2013, p. 780).
The loadings of items on their respective constructs were higher than . , suggesting satisfactory convergent validity.
The deductive approach relies significantly on a typically small number of individuals who, whilst having expertise in the field, have inherent biases in their reasoning.
The last few years, several TSR studies have focused on value and healthcare (e.g. McColl-Kennedy et al., 2017; Sweeney et aL, 2015) with a particular focus on the role of the customer (i.e. the patient) as a resource integrator in the value (co-)creation process.
The decision-making problem includes the weights of criteria in quantitative form, so the descriptors of the decision problem have taken the values .
Moreover, 5G networks are expected to be deployed in a wide range of frequency bands with different characteristics including spectrum below 1 GHz, spectrum between 1 and 6 GHz, and spectrum above 6 GHz in the millimeter wave range (EC, 2016b; ECC, 2016; FCC, 2016a; RSPG, 2016).
Data from the Soviet Union (USSR) and Hungary are from a time when both countries were still under communist rule.
The threshold for Ra is ..
However, the environment could associate this meaningless stimulus to an event that is very meaningful: for instance, the production of the bill (CS+) could be often followed by production of food (UCS).
Technology readiness, innovation in particular (p = 0.11, p < .01), also had a significant influence on lifestyle improvement.
Healy and Palepu (2001) and Kim et al. (2014) argue that by turning private into public information, CSR disclosure reduces information asymmetries, forecast errors, and information risk that means improved access to financial resources, that is, lower capital constraints.
We also investigated the following managerial questions: What is the effect of the delivery lead time on the optimal selling prices?
Dynamic predictive models will be frequent occurrences in smart manufacturing.
We don't have a global forecasting system to follow spot prices.
All of these antecedents are explained below.
More growth opportunities will be associated with higher levels of success.
Definitions ranged from work that a person perceives as his purpose in life(Hall & Chandler2005, p. 160) to a consuming, meaningful passion people experience toward a domain(Dobrow & Tosti-Kharas 2011,p. 1001).
To compare BDF and POF directly, we assume that the manufacturer's cost of capital is also 0, the same as the bank's.
Thus, these documents provide researchers an opportunity to advance research on how managers cope with the daily management of supply chains.
Such a fleet management problem is not unique to bike sharing.
To support the validity of the questionnaire, an early draft of the survey instrument was reviewed by a group of business academics with expertise in the subject area and senior project managers.
This model subsumes both facility location problems (FLP) and vehicle routing problems (VRP) and optimizes locations and capacities of facilities as well as vehicle routes and schedules.
Meta-knowledge is knowledge about others subject-specific knowledge (such as knowing who can implement a mobile app or who can run a marketing campaign) (Lewis, 2003; Ren and Argote, 2011).
For example, the costs of doing business that are the focus of transaction cost theory are often incurred by subunits with accountability for profit and loss, not the overall company (cf.
Such studies would provide further support to university managers to align reward and recognition processes to help stimulate more academics to become entrepreneurial.
The algorithm used to derive this date is based on 2 concepts: (1) gap analysis (assurance of continuity in data recording and establishing if any unexpected and prolonged gaps in recording exist) and (2) death recording (observing the expected and actual deaths recorded at a practice over time by taking into account season and geographical variation in death rates and establishing if any gaps in recording exist).
Meanwhile, SUFS users' counter-reactions to the broader public response to their viewpoints as well as their reactions to these arguments within the group itself also relied on mitigation and intensification strategies linked to the denial and (re)definition, deferral and reporting, and persistence, visibility and reach of racism and racist content.
Machine learning methods support the discovery of deeper patterns than an analyst can discover on her own, and make it possible to connect a variety of patterns that a machine can learn and cross-associate with other descriptive characteristics of a software application, leading to more effective bug detection and improved software reliability engineering.
We collected data from 189 employees of a postal company in China and asked them to rate the extent to which their supervisors displayed specific behaviors.
This review indicates that a number of foundational traits and leadership capacities contribute uniquely and as part of attribute configurations to a range of behavioral outcomes.
These findings withstand a large number of robustness checks.
Java is used as the programming language of implementing the recommender system.
But recalling the ethical and po litical arguments for a greater gender balance on boards, we should specifically examine the effects of board gender composition for women.
The actual RUL values for the last recorded cycles are given in the dataset, and the corresponding RUL labels for the previous life-time can be obtained accordingly.
As such, the ability of semantic signals to explain the credit risk of different types of borrowers on a P2P platform was studied.
However, the FC format seemed to measure individuals equally well regardless of their standings on the trait continuum.
In particular, they will typically prefer that firms pursue strategies that reduce the probability of bankruptcy.
The authors' hypothesis to start mapping out the ecosystem from any focal firm until the leader/orchestrator is found, and then tracing the core business suppliers and complementors until the authors find no more instability, was done successfully.
For practitioner end users, first, a more careful segmentation of practitioners (e.g., CxOs, IS department managers) and decomposition of the implications for them is needed to promote research usability.
The survey included perceptions of organisational justice, emotional exhaustion, turnover intention, job characteristics, and social support.
Direct entry enables Amazonat once to take advantage of the heterogeneity among products within each product category and enhance its competitive position against rivals.15 Our analysis captures the impact of referralrates by category-level fixed effects, as they are the same for products in the same category.
How are customers incentivized or persuaded to have their in-service actions recorded?
Table 1 gives a brief description of the six firms, including year and month of cre-ation (between December 1999 and September 2002), their intended offering, and the number of interviews we conducted between 2002 and 2009.
After I told them we need productive resources for the restaurant, they select the most prepared trainees and send them to us.
Data screening was performed using SPSS21 in two stages.
Yet, as hinted throughout the article, a key issue related to the benefits of HRV analysis for management research remains.
A high degree of alignment was achieved in a tactical, rapid-response, reactionary manner.
The combination of MAYRISE Street Lighting and bespoke reporting can improve the monitoring performance of the operational system with respect to energy targets.
Again, we compare with SAA and to the point-prediction-driven decision (using a random forest to fit , a predictive model based on both and ).
Adopting an existential humanism perspective allows exploration of this phenomenon, with greater understanding than possible through the lenses of economic rationalism or institutionalism.
Firstly, the result file of static analysis is imported into the project.
As Schultz et al. (2016) argue, individuals who do not have strong preexisting attitudes about a topic may be persuaded by messages that are easily accessible.
Clarify the type of results that will be published.
Upon receiving contact information, hosts can preapprove a guest.
Similar findings exist in studies of multiuser chats in virtual worlds (e.g., Cherny, 1999).
Figure 1 illustrates the definitional elements of hierarchical social exchange and contrasts them with egalitarian social exchange in the leader-follower relationship.
Overall, relatively few articles have been published every year with an increase since 2005.
Moreover, we observe a difference in the long-term performance benefits of customer service and environmental sustainability and investigate possible mechanisms that may explain this difference.
Based on the level of the module granularity, supply chain is designed correspondingly.
Similarly, for consumers who buy online, they can also go to an offline store and directly deal with problems about delivery or after-sales service.
Again, all regressors are in natural log form except for the college education variable.
Furthermore, the proposed approach provided the decision-makers with valuable information that can help support decision processes in a very challenging multi-objective context.
We show inter-clustering as people-based relationships across clusters (Saxenian, 2006).
If  is small, then a relatively large  is recommended to avoid over-maintenance, since maintainers tend to wait for a cheap replacement at .
We encourage future researchers to use alternative measures to assess the CSR information quality and assurance quality rather than relying on a single disclosure measure to draw useful conclusions.
The wake losses are often caused by the momentum deficit and increased level of turbulence created by wind turbines in the wind farm.
In fact, various technologies and system configurations appear only at medium uncertainty budgets.
Similar to the base model, in this case the servicizing firm is still more likely to serve the low-end segment than is the selling firm.
Teo and Yu (2005), Chircu and Mahajan (2006)).
Particularly in health-care, teams often depend on other teams from different disciplines to perform safely and effectively (e.g., a patient being handed off from primary care to radiology and then to oncology and so on).
Using Mplus 6.11 (Muthen & Muthen, 2011), a model examining the three hypothesized factors of the honest IM scale was compared to a model specifying a single latent factor.
Research that offers framework designs for social commerce is still scant (Baghdadi, 2013).
The blockchain affords pseudonymity, meaning that all transactions are transparent, yet are not explicitly connected to real-world individuals or organisations.
Thus, the industry can use new or existing knowledge to create or improve products, ultimately generating more wealth.
Kafle et al. (2017) design a crowdsource-enabled parcel delivery system where cyclists and pedestrians are undertaking delivery and pick-up jobs.
The lower they are, the better is the model fit (Henseler etal., 2014).
In addition, we show that the MRP-WSCI indicators satisfy a series of properties, which are regarded in the scientific literature as highly desirable for a CI.
Therefore, it is not immediately apparent whether external ecolabels are indeed beneficial to firms and other stakeholders (Cooney 2009).
All of these stakeholders take an active part in the supply chain, as volunteers, influencers or formal collaborators.
Cronin, Colleran, Herbert, and Lewitzky (1993b) also investigated new paths: they empirically found (using multifactor productivity measures for the US economy over a 33-year interval from 1958 to 1990) that investment in telecommuni cations infrastructure is causally related to the total factor productivity and that "contributions to aggregate and sectoral productivity growth rates from telecommunications advancements are both quantifiable and substantial".
Corruption and fraud is a serious problem in some developing economies.
Big data can be a source of discovery.
In comparison with a cross-sectional model, our approach provides a more comprehensive picture of the regional digital divide in the EU.
Secondly, the research contributes to knowledge about flexibility and environmental uncertainty by testing the moderating influence of the external force of technological turbulence.
The authors are grateful to Kenneth G. Brown, Marjolein Caniels andAnders Dysvikfor providing useful comments on the earlier version of the paper, and to Ana Aleksic for her assistance with data collection.
As firms evolve to embrace an increasingly AI- centric operating model, they are digitizing a growing number of important business processes, removing human labor and management from the execution of many critical operating activities.
Third, we examined these types of diversity on shared leadership as impacted by a team climate contextual variable, providing evidence that functional diversity has a positive effect on shared leadership under high levels of cooperative climate.
Ultimately, this study proposes that investing or mobilizing internal (motivational) energy resources may worsen the complainant's future resource position and negatively influence their loss trajectory.
Also, the FRP model benefits from a robust and reliable solution.
The planning involved identifying and prioritizing members needs, clustering them, and developing a portfolio of projects to address them.
While these are not inclusive of all possible approaches, they are a starting point for future research to compare the various approaches.
We might therefore expect that a sense of transcendent calling will be particularly useful in predicting outcomes related to resilience (e.g., resilience in the face of adversity, creative effort in overcoming work challenges, and a willingness to sacrifice for one's work).
Baumeister and Leary (1995) proposed that two sorts of experiences are needed to satisfy the need to belong.
The pace of technological development and the unpredictable impact of new and disruptive models challenge policy-makers and procurement practitioners.
We conducted a systematic literature search by applying relevant search terms within the Web of Science database.
Acquisition may be the only avenue open to platformowners seeking to enter the product spaces of complementors with strong defense mechanisms(see, e.g., Lee and Lieberman, 2010).
Repeated-measures data from Study 2 suggest that social pressure leads to self-control failure, which is associated with reduced competence.
This point links to the example reported by Quick (2013).
Once manifested, it can be captured in individuals' speech pattern and the content of communications.
Future research might deal with this research direction in descriptive and in normative ways.
Since ordinary or low-discrepancy candidate samples are used to represent sampling domains, the AK-MCS, the Kmean- ISKRA, and the REIF and REIF2 methods are much efficient than the EGRA, the serial- and KB-ISKRA methods, which are generally realized based on global optimization methods to acquire new training samples.
From early craftsmanship workshops to today's modern factories, the practices and operations of manufacturing systems have evolved over these 200 years.
Some of these features have not been selected, or co-exist, in the feature subsets selected by other methods, although they tend to select comparatively larger feature subsets, therefore leading to inferior performance.
The traditional design approach realises control logic validation with software testing after the mechanical structure design is assembled.
The practice allows firms to convert data into useful knowledge (Hoppe et al., 2009), and then make better and faster decisions (Chang, Hsu, & Wu, 2014; Hannula & Pirttimaki, 2003) to enhance business performance and support decision-making at all organizational levels, i.e., strategic, tactical and operational levels (Berndtsson et al., 2015).
For the university, the strategic choice is straightforward.
For example, parental pressure group "mumsnet has become so influential that UK politicians are regularly contributing to the site (Philips, 2012), additionally, lobbying from the site in 2013 caused the UK Government to abandon proposals to increase childcare ratios in UK schools[3].
This is one of the preliminary studies on BT adoption in supply chain and the findings imply that the supply chain practitioners perceive BT adoption free of efforts and would help them to derive maximum benefits for improving the supply chain effectiveness.
In comparison, we find that our proposals converge upon the full-information optimum given sufficient data.
Mediumsized firms endure scale inefficiency rather than technical inefficiency, though both technical and scale inefficiency are rather low.
For example, even individuals with higher levels of trait Openness are more inclined towards authoritarian thinking when under threat (Dallago & Roccato, 2010).
It is recommended for facilitating the rigorous exploration of complex issues in the management field (Duriau et al., 2007).
When an organization implements green HRM practices and procedures, employees perceive organization to be environment friendly and value its contributions towards protecting the environment.
In semi-Markov models, the transition rates to other states may change over the duration of a state and therefore, the inter-arrival times between subsequent states are not exponentially distributed.
We also include a proxy for the tendency to quantify behavior as an interaction term, as the affinity for selftracking progress toward goals has been shown to lead to larger behavior change in response to such interventions (Swan 2013).
However, this and other work (Donner & Walton, 2013) also tells a cautionary tale, highlighting information-seeking obstacles on mobile devices.
He received a Ph.D. degree in industrial economics and management from the KTH Royal Institute of Technology and a Ph.D. degree (cum laude) in industrial management from the Universidad Politecnica de Madrid.
As an embodied actor, the ethnographer is a data collection "instrument" for whom observing others' talk, body language, and manipulation of material artifacts comes naturally (Garcia et al., 2009; Hallett & Barber, 2014; Hammersley & Atkinson, 2007; Lincoln & Guba, 1985; Orgad, 2005).
Taken together, the results indicate that, although a generally small and positive relationship exists between OMU and PSR, the relationship depends (among other factors) on the measurement of OMU and PSR.
Model 2 confirms Hypotheses 1, in that the linear term of knowledge breadth is positive and significant (P = 2.360, p < 0.01), whereas its squared term is negative and significant (P = -3.027, p < 0.01).
Nearly % of the organizations were using Facebook, followed by Twitter, which was used by % of the organizations.
This study has limitations that provide avenues for future research.
As the concept of empowering leadership is based on leader support-related concepts, the similarities of empowering leadership with other established leadership concepts are inevitable.
After these incidents, Nike saw its sales decrease, and its stock price dropped because of the negative publicity (Wazir 2001).
The transition and maintenance rates at different lifecycle phases were determined using a calibrated survivability index.
We focus on carbon transparency in the context of supply chain relationships.
In order to validate and further interpret the study results; feedback was sought from managers of three different companies from the ones involved in this study.
The unstated assumption in the US NN debate has been that market conditions are sufficient for the ISP investment incentive to be higher under a non-NN regime and lower in a NN regime; thus, the 2015 Open Internet Order (supposedly) distorted the tele communications markets enough to cause reduced ISP investment in network infrastructure.
Further, combining with previous findings at the dyadic level, our empirical results signal a potential bottom-up process by which team members react to leader's benevolence, which augment and emerge at the team level to impact team performance.
Based on the SBM-Undesirable model, we evaluated the development efficiency of low-carbon tourism economy in 17 cities of Hubei province between 2007 and 2013 using the Matlab analytical software.
The analysis in this paper has important implications for newsvendor modeling.
Despite the progress of computers and optimization solvers, only small problems can be optimally solved.
It is interesting to note that according to the number of publications, Production and Operations Management and Journal of Operations Management were respectively ranked 9 and 18, while both obtained higher TLCSs and TGCSs.
They numerically evaluate the performance of heuristic decision rules.
When such junctures occur, the TMT's ability to flexibly reframe the firm's existing capabilities, organizational identity, and boundaries is particularly important because it helps those in the organization conceptualize and emotionally resonate with technological shifts as connected with opportunities (as opposed to threats) (e.g., Gilbert, 2006; McDonald & Gao, in press; Sull, 1999).
All manufacturing industries are represented, in addition to information and communication technology (ICT) and telecommunication services.
As big data encompasses new characteristics, its quality may face many challenges [14,21], and thus, the quality of data becomes more critical than ever [5,43,44].
However, failure to purchase fuel in these settings would be disastrous for a firm (Barney, 2017).
The relationships between the set of the MCDA methods' characteristics and the set of a decision problem's descriptors can be presented by analyzing an exemplary decision problem and the procedure of the MCDA method selection for solving it.
Studies have also demonstrated significant associations between facial appearance and leadership.
To understand how employees perceive and react to diversity, research-to-date has primarily relied on researcher-derived measures.
This process was further facilitated by using NVIVO 10 software to better observe the relationship between emerging categories.
These can be: qualitative, quantitative or relative scales.
Fixed, coastal fishing economies, such as among the Calusa, present unique challenges for cooperation and competition among fishers, and daily fishing reinforces the need for management and promotes permanent, heritable leadership positions (Widmer, 1988).
All aspects are considered in our cost model.
One framework for understanding supply chains is the process centric view of the supply chain (Chopra and Meindl 2013).
Both feedforward neural network and LSTM neural network can be considered as regression models in general, and these models are trained to relate a series of inputs with their corresponding outputs.
In particular, little is known about the effects of knowledge hiding on team cohesion, which can impact the long-term survival of teams and organizations.
Overall, we see the role of this type of content as attempts by firms to promote relationship building and to persuade consumers to adopt their brand via such relationships.
In the complex scenarios with misleading indications in their studies, crews had a high possibility of failure (HEP > 0.4).
However, this can be a simplification for some real-life engineering systems.
The functions performed by the third party can encompass the entire logistics process or selected activities within that process".
For instance, Lewis (2003) developed the 15-item, three-dimensional (i.e., specialization, credibility, and coordination) scale, which is typically completed by team members and has been commonly used to index TMS (e.g., Mohammed & Nadkarni, 2014; O'Leary & Mortensen, 2010; Pearsall & Ellis, 2006; Pearsall, Ellis, & Bell, 2010; Seong, Kristof-Brown, Park, Hong, & Shin, 2015).
However, to the extent to which each of these attributes should be indexed utilizing mean scores, variance, minimums, maximums, or more complex patterned configurations (Kozlowski & Klein, 2000) is unclear and related to the research question being investigated.
Urban renewal occurred in urban downtown areas that were derelict after large-scale suburbanization.
For example, when the groupspecific lines cross, the squared effect size can be used to quantify the magnitude of the effect, and the unsquared effect size can be used to determine the direction of the effect (i.e., which group the measure is biased against) and the extent to which it will cancel out.
For example, Todo et al. (2015) use both survey and secondary data to study the impact on sales growth and recovery time for firms physically located in the impacted prefectures of Japan (also see Carvalho et al. 2014).
Next, under the telling umbrella term of THaNKS: (Trustful, Harmonious, Nissan Kaizen activities with Suppliers) Nissan actively pursued strengthening relations with suppliers.
We consider the fleet repositioning problem in a free-float vehicle sharing system that operates in a well-defined service region.
They can help to facilitate a process of reflecting on and in action and engaging in a conversation with a particular situation of interest (Schon, 1983).
First, they may be in a better position to notice when something is wrong in the workplace that needs to be fixed.
Analytic ability enabled by IOS then is a key to help the managers handle the challenge of information processing in the current big data era.
First, we will weigh the advantages versus potential disadvantages of incorporating neuroscience methods in organizational research.
As a consequence, the IT unit had limited capability to design and operate big data infrastructures.
These performance categories include use of resources, greenhouse and other emissions, sustainable innovations, responsible management, shareholders' relationship management, CSR strategy, workforce-related issues, human rights, community development, and product responsibility.
Entrepreneurial university undertakes the required activities to establish it as entrepreneurial minded.
In this paper, the proposed method is evaluated on a prognostic benchmarking problem, i.e. NASA's turbofan engine degradation problem.
At the collective level, researchers have examined the dyadic leader-member relationships (e.g., leader-member exchange; Graen and Uhl-Bien, 1995) and some plural forms of leadership (Denis, Langley, & Sergi, 2012), such as shared leadership (Wang, Waldman, & Zhang, 2014).
To achieve more accurate prediction, future research can consider employing more prediction and classification packages that suit their needs better.
The hypothesis is supported by the analysis of the average marginal effect.
Consequently, before deciding to implement any productivity improvement approach, management must first examine its business strategy and verify if such approach can contribute directly to the company's strategy.
In this paper, we group the pressures above (consumers, policies, and suppliers) into the market factor and study their influences on GSCM practices.
In Table 5, nIn and nOut represents the number of input and output (hidden) units for each layer, respectively.
The online pilot tests the success of our efforts at creating realistic profiles by asking questions aimed at discerning whether online subjects had doubts about the veracity of the candidates (see Section 5.1).
We recommend this measure for future studies that examine spirituality-related constructs.
Given the growth in the use of data analytics and the mixed outcomes it has obtained, this study focuses on conceptualizing, operationalizing and validating the concept of data analytics competency and strives to understand the impact of data analytics competency on firm decision making performance (i.e., decision quality, and decision efficiency).
We then asked them to read the organization's mission statement, in which we manipulated the levels of CSR activities.
Climate is inherently a multilevel phenomenon (Kozlowski & Klein 2000).
The final section is the discussion and conclusions.
Chen & Trivedi (2005) also use a semi-Markov deterioration process and distinguish minimal and major preventive maintenance.
These patterns suggest that peaceful leadership styles of females may, on average, benefit group members: including males: by reducing the conflicts within groups and, instead, promoting cooperation.
At the same time, based on the previously described analysis, sharing knowledge effectively and efficiently drives innovation performance (Tsai, 2001; Lin, 2007; Saenz et al., 2009; Gupta and Polonsky, 2014).
This situation is exemplified by KONE (see Figure 3), which is introducing new control logics to reduce energy consumption without reducing service levels as well as to prevent that, under certain conditions, people may gain access to areas that are restricted for security reasons.
Tactical planning comprises mid-term policies to be implemented in the framework given by strategic decisions.
This nonmonotonic property can be explained by the queueing effects captured in the customer utility function.
Digitalization has been associated with organizational transformation (Mignerat and Rivard, 2009) at the business level (e.g., improving work pace and productivity (Hull etal., 2007; Nambisan etal., 2017)) and at the institutional level (e.g., by changing the business model (Davidson and Vaast, 2010)).
We do not anticipate that the effects of creative methods are exclusive to these materials.
For example, was an apparent case of under-contribution due to free-riding, or due to a different expectation between the different followers about what is expected of them?
This suggests a need for more studies that examine a wider range of foundational traits, including cognitive abilities and motives and values, along with personality.
With the proposed local search approach, a balance between global exploration and local exploitation is achieved.
The absence of any one competence would render the capability incomplete.
That literature has developed sophisticated methods for testing whether discrimination is actually present and for empirically separating taste-based from statistical discrimination (Mobius and Rosenblat 2006, Neumark 2012, Ewens et al. 2014).
The employment contract type is an obvious influence on the level of JI (Feather & Rauter 2004, Silla et al. 2005).
The next procedure was axial coding, connecting related codes to more abstract but still tentative themes.
However, such a recruitment strategy has the advantage of increasing the response rate and sampling employees from heterogeneous backgrounds.
An idea author who responds to comments will therefore motivate the commentators to engage in the future.
The extended supply networks of different prime companies significantly overlap, forming a highly intertwined network.
Race discrimination was the most commonly measured target of discrimination (k = 39), followed by discrimination based on sex (k = 25), sexual orientation (k = 16), age (k = 14), disability (k = 7), religion (k = 2), weight (k = 1), and accent (k = 1).
Generally, we are encouraged by such data-related developments, but the challenges ahead call on SCM researchers from different research traditions to join efforts to empirically study opportunism in supply chains.
The PROSPECT study included only 14 preselected terms in the static study-specific survey, and 84% of participants provided supplemental entries.
Using the DDF model, they subsequently present a new total factor productivity index, that is, the ML productivity index.
Third, asymmetric case-based model construction and testing advances behavioral theory of the firm as a complex whole in contexts rather than attempting to deconstruct the influence of individual variables absent of context-a focus far more useful for management decision making as well as for improving explanation of the influences of outcomes.
Person-job fit research has typically been focused on job attributes such as demands and workload, job insecurity, (lack of) promotion opportunities, role ambiguity, (lack of) supervisor support, and autonomy.
Similarly, Bear et al. (2010) examine how the gender composition of the board affects the business judgment both directly and indirectly, by improving the social responsibility of the company.
For example, exponential random graph modeling (ERGM) enables scholars to specify and model graph motifs," which are researchers' beliefs about the potential nature and interrelationships among actors (e.g., unit members).
Papacharissi (2009) offered a comparative discourse analysis on the architecture of Facebook, LinkedIn, and ASmallWorld.
This suggests that safety and productivity are not the competing directives that some may have assumed.
Note that TAM also suggests perceived ease of use as a potential determinant of the use of information systems.
Self-organization provides an explanation for the emergence of higher-order patterns as individual elements adjust to one another (Vallacher et al., 2015).
Briefly, because LMX refers to a rating of relationship quality between leader and fol lower, it is technically speaking the outcome of a leader behavior-fol lower reaction process.
This characteristic is identified through testing of tensile specimen included in each build experiment.
Collaborations with customers enable firms to refine the direction of their R&D efforts and to enhance internal competencies by assisting in new product design, technology, project management, and prototype assessment as well as by enhancing the creativity and problemsolving skills of the firm's new product development (NPD) team (Lawson et al., 2015; Menguc, Auh, and Yannopoulos, 2014; Tsai, 2009).
This is likely to bias the measure in favor of observing more fragmentation than actually exists: a discussion group that does not contain any connections to another group would appear highly insular using this method, however, such a group may well actually contain lively patterns of internal disagreement from individuals of competing ideologies (who have simply not mentioned any other political parties during the observation window).
On the other hand, for an existing contractor that has already performed works in the past for the same public organization, a past performance study can be carried out.
Mohapatra et al. (2015) established multi-objective optimisation model and solved it via modified non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm.
Minbaeva et al. (2018) claim that knowledge acquired from a parent organization affects firm survival in fiercely competitive markets.
And, in H4, we posited that users' PU is positively associated with their (a) satisfaction with and (b) continuance intention of health-related information platforms/apps use.
Fortunately, the institutes set up by the leading universities help us solve this problem."
They include: conceptual development, 11.8%; reviews, 5.7%; and narrative analysis, 1.2%.
First, we use domestic credit as an alternative measurement for financial development.
In other words, well-established main effects of gender are caused by or can be modified by social context, which is often nevertheless assumed to be gender irrelevant or identical for men and women.
Comparing, and from taSR and the Kalman approach.
In the can't-change condition, participants learned that they would choose between exclusively using their own forecasts and exclusively using the model's forecasts.
An initial surface crack is located at the weld toe and grows in a plane perpendicular to the fatigue load.
Query Density (QD): An adaptation of the Query Density proposed in Glass et al. [35].
All existing GMRG data from the past 30years are used to explore the feasibility of longitudinal investigations with RCS data.
Further, similar to the ability of forward-looking search to contribute to the identification of other relevant opportunities, it can also allow project teams to perceive when the current development of a project is deemed unsatisfactory in the project's future market.
Section 4 explains the statistical model and Section 5 describes the data used in the analysis.
The students were asked to imagine that the print-out was a review webpage and to behave as they would normally behave on a website like this.
A sample item from the scale is, "I intend to stay with this organization for a long time" (Cronbach's a = .86).
Figure 19 shows how synchronization levels change with the sensitivity parameter for different window lengths l.
Yang, Ma, Peng, Zhai & Zhao (2017) assume shocks that arrive according to a non-homogeneous Poisson process and that lead to immediate failure.
The last few decades have seen a strong surge of interest in what is now widely known in economics as "social preferences.^ While the study of social behaviors has a long tradition in disciplines like economics (e.g., Smith 1759),
We included this variable in our analysis to account for potential differences between sectors.
Both withholding information under agency selling and sharing information under reselling can serve as effective measures for the e-tailer to deter supplier from offline entry.
In the vast majority of instances the consistency check resulted in agreement with the original coding.
These two dynamic capabilities reflect the more traditional and emerging use of EAS within organisations.
They play the same role as the middleware software and their main purpose is to connect IoT devices and IoT applications.
This paper proposes a novel deep learning method for RUL estimation.
This suggests that when retailers have low financing need, they can simply use internal resources and trade credit to finance inventory.
He argued that callings derive from the unique and innate talents with which one is born (Hardy 1990).
What differentiates our proposed system from prior methods is that it takes a utility model into account and can handle huge volume of data as the underlying method is designed based on the MapReduce framework.
Nevertheless, the research shows that over the years the focus on knowledge in arts & crafts organizations and knowledge transfer has become progressively more detailed and precise, as summarized in table 5, outlining a more prominent role of craftsmen in the knowledge economy, explaining how, in sectors with a strong traditional background, the transfer of tacit knowledge is a meaningful challenge for many organizations (De Massis et al., 2016; Di Minin and Faems, 2013; Sveiby, 1997, 1996).
The results can be of value in selecting and deploying operational policies at the right time and scale during and after the recovery periods.
We used several metrics for user engagement- namely, Likes and comments on messages and whether users share messages with friends or visit the link in the message.
A smart contract is a computer protocol designed to facilitate, verify, or enforce the negotiation or execution of a contract.
The systematic review protocol was registered with PROSPERO, with number CRD42017065917.
A vast amount of literature concerns the automatic estimation of PD using machine learning methods [1,2].
Higher remanufacturing efficiency does not always help improve the environment and social welfare.
Only individuals who have payment experience using Alipay and Wechat pay were selected as the respondents of our survey.
However, high frequency of interaction on Facebook with the host-country network decreased perceived social sup port in the long-term.
The result of digitization of existing tools for design and collaboration, and the introduction of entirely new digital tools, is a far more substantive change of innovation than previous generations of tools enabled.
These were further discussed and refined with a panel of experts from the academic and industrial communities.
Popular products have coherent business models that fit value capture (i.e., revenue model) with value creation (i.e., activities).
They apply similarity upper approximation and singular valued decomposition for developing the recommendation system.
Prior work in leadership shows that leader behaviors vary depending on the position of the observer and this issue has gone virtually unnoticed with the newer moral behaviors frameworks.
Participants who reported using data analytics tools were allowed to take the survey.
To avoid issues with the mix of countries in different rounds of the GMRG survey, the analysis is continued with individual countries.
Its total expenses grew from less than $0.4 million in 1932 to $2.8 million in 1943.
Three key themes of the type of outcomes emerged from analysis of the case studies: first, firms were able to develop organizational enhancements, for example cost savings, process efficiencies and improved communications.
Different from prior studies that examined omnichannel usage without carefully considering the specificity of the context, we believe that a keen awareness of the omnichannel context will enable a more in-depth investigation on this issue.
The aftermaths of recent major data breaches and cyberattacksaffecting organizations from Yahoo, Target, T-Mobile, Sony Pictures, and JP Morgan to the US Democratic National Committeereveal how critical it is for organizations to remain vigilant and act effectively in protecting against cyber incidents.
Our case studys structure-level actions, which we allocate to the mechanisms of coordinating and integrating, detail the understanding of how firms actualize BDA affordances through achieving intellectual BDA alignment.
In order to meet government policies and regulations, BBAC exerts strict control over component suppliers, sewage discharge and waste gas emissions during the production process, as well as safety stock and product precautions.
Such research designs can be fully experimental or observational and may be strongly subject to the loss of participants over time - a problem that is referred to as data censoring.
Some initial implications of this reconceptualization of data are explored.
In contrast, for the upgrading of an established industry, new product or process development is financed mainly with internal company funds, or government-funded demonstration projects.
However, 28 were excluded due to incomplete responses (more than 10% missing data), 33 did not provide the five friend names needed for stimuli presentation, and 77 experienced a programming error in the presen tation order of the stimuli.
Events triggering a customer's need for service occur at rate A. In the spirit of the contention of Banerjee et al. (2015) that ride-sharing platforms are typically supply constrained, we focus on the case where the need for service is abundant, .
Future research with data that can specifically separate network capacity investment by ISPs from other capital investment would be a welcome addition.
The problem aims to simultaneously optimize makespan and the total electricity cost under a time-of- use electricity pricing policy.
Major emission sources are energy production, industry, agriculture, and transportation.
The EN will be evolved as Fig. 3.
We argue that innovative firms are more likely to engage in such adaptations and hence, firm innovativeness is an important complementary capability that could explain variance in organizational agility.
We build on the recent literature in defining value creation as the processes aimed at increasing value generation (Chesbrough et al., 2018; Dyer et al., 2018; Visnjic et al., 2018).
Many academic entrepreneurs are rudely awakened to the complexities of these different levels and their impact on the process of starting and sustaining a university spin-off company (Gunderson and Holling, 2003).
The lack of a common vocabulary is a problem for both researchers and practitioners.
However, both channels require suppliers to have certain tangible internal resources, which may not be readily available.
We illustrate the equilibrium outcomes in Figure 5.
This implies that the information provided by the MRP- WSCI methodology is richer, and, as mentioned in the previous subsections, the joint use of WCI and SCI is highly advisable.
Note that had there been no capacity constraint in problem (23) and a per-unit ordering cost were added, the problem would decompose into d separate newsvendor problems, the solution to each being exactly a quantile regression on the regressors x^. As it is, the problem is coupled, but, fixing , the capacity constraint can be replaced with an equivalent per-unit ordering cost via Lagrangian duality and the optimal solution is attained by setting each to the conditional quantile of .
Most studies examining review consistency have focused primarily on review ratings [42,44,69].
It is noteworthy to mention that the most recent mobile EEG systems have the great advantage, with respect to fNIRS, to be miniaturized (Bleichner et al., 2015; Debener, Emkes, De Vox, & Bleichner, 2015; Debener, Minow, Emkes, Gandras, & de Vos, 2012).
In Model 2, we added comments and replies to investigate importance of the interaction between creators and backers.
Second, we also highlight that, for first-time users, discrimination exists and may be substantial.
It may, for example, negatively influence firm acquisition premiums (Hayward and Hambrick, 1997), corporate financial policies (Malmendier and Tate, 2005), and managerial risk taking (Li and Tang, 2010).
However, for our goal orientation model (Figure 1), we position a mediator variable such as job search effort as a process pathway that leads to a distal outcome such as gaining employment.
This experimental design allowed Inkdome to tease out the different effects of the two design options on performance.
Other organizations are underpinned by sets of values and cultural assumptions that make their employees more vulnerable to adversity.
After demand is realized, supplier i collects its wholesale revenue,, plus the interest gain from investing its excess capital character ized by.
Naderi and Ruiz (2010) introduced some simple constructive heuristics, basically by adding factory assignment rules to the well known NEH heuristic of Nawaz et al. (1983).
A supplier's buyer concentration is negatively associated with trade credit provision.
Note that, compared to the distribution under the current prices, profit shares for segments 1, 3, 6, and 7 increase, while those for segments 2, 4, and 5 decrease under the profit-improving prices.
The comparative results among the analytical method, SLM -, CBS and SALK are presented in Table 3.
If you really want to listen to Willie Nelson, go buy one of his records and play it in a hybrid (Hakim, 2006).
Thus, if estimating the CLI is of interest, then the imputation model should allow for the individual-level effect of X to interact with W (similarly for the interaction at the group level).
There are two types of organizations in the UR collaboration network, namely, research institutes and universities, which have become the major knowledge creators in many countries (Zhang et al., 2016).
Moreover, in order to satisfy theoretical sampling conditions (Shadish et al., 2002), we considered just projects launched after the successful campaign is terminated, in order to determine the notion of 'successful innovation'.
As mentioned earlier, matching friction can arise because of short-term fluctuations in supply and demand (even though overall supply and demand are constant in the long run).
Beyond SISCM and sustainable SCM, this kind of theoretical insights might apply to any supply chain relationship where the different parties confront with conflicting goals.
Patients can complete the self-assessment as frequently as they wish.
When attempts to communicate occur outside WebEx, they may be considered or excluded at the discretion of the host.
This literature has found that commercial organizations striving to incorporate environmental goals into their conventional business models also need to reconcile competing logics through a process of "hybridizing" the logics of different internal stakeholders (Bondy and Wilson, 2013), and between their internal logics and the logics of the external stakeholders with whom they are engaging.
Third, in auxiliary analyses, I find that the trust signaling capabilities of CSR differ across CSR initiatives.
There is no evidence from this set of moves that a move would materially increase or decrease the mover's publication rate.
New means of interaction have emerged in many forms to enrich the user's experience on the net through tools and web-enabled technologies.
Industry-level factors may also impact the extent to which firms build up inventory to buffer against firm-specific policy risk.
Other general-purpose technologies also match the build-to-model criteria, including CNC machining and laser cutting.
The main problem for evaluating criteria is that decision makers usually assess their perceptions and judgements by using linguistic terms in a more natural way.
According to [66], crowdfunding market grew by 167 percent in 2014 to reach $16.2 billion, up from $6.1 billion in 2013, and they anticipated crowdfunding sponsorship to grow to more than $34 billion in 2015.
Although YSF is not an Indian-based organization, it is their relationship with the Indian government agencies and not ICFs, which allows these interns to be in a program that lasts more than 12 months.
In many cases, employees first have to be championed by their managers in order to be considered for HiPo designation (Karaveli & Hall, 2003).
An ecosystem is a set of actors with varying degrees of multilateral, nongeneric complementarities that are not fully hierarchically controlled.
Although several typologies have been proposed, the one developed by Holbrook (1994) has been recognized as the most influential one (Gallarza et al., 2017).
For example, organizations may be able to structure work assignments such that most, if not all, work is completed before the end of the business day.
The null hypothesis states that trust and performance are not related and that any observed empty space in the upper left corner of the trust-performance scatterplot is due to random chance.
Furthermore, this possibility should be also considered that a user may not be able to indicate his willing well within the framework of the tags.
For instance, founding employees were wary of socializing with members of Team Gamma, a team composed of hastily recruited interns, temporary workers, remote workers, and newly graduated university students.
The rider experience in Singapore is largely identical between sharing platforms and the incumbent taxi company's app-based service, except that the taxi company offers a more reliable service with virtually no cancellations, more predictable arrival times and trained drivers at marginally higher prices.
In a supplementary paper, Miller and Friesen (1986b, p.260), concluded that "success seems to be caused by the possession of strategic advantages - the more the better - rather than strict adherence to Porter's types".
As it is difficult to directly assess the psychological characteristics of large firms' CEOs (Hambrick & Mason, 1984), following the convention in upper echelons research, we rely on unobtrusive methods to measure CEO narcissism and hubris (Chatterjee & Hambrick, 2011; Tang et al., 2015).
Among a set of potential control firms, we chose a control firm whose five-year average sales of prior five years are within -% of the leader firm.
In many instances, even the number of responses and response rate were presented in a less than straight-forward manner.
This study has two main aims: to investigate consumer preferences regarding responsible initiatives of a company; and to develop and validate a structural equation model, in order to formalize the origins of behaviours regarding consumer preferences towards responsible initiatives and detect the drivers of their purchase.
The Cronbach's alpha of this sample is = 0.91.
The Cronbach's a for employee learning orientation was .90.
Because of the abundant historical data and iteratively upgraded virtual model, a small batch of production is no longer needed.
In the publishing industry, authors can use the internet to connect with readers without the intermediary services of a publishing company.
The digital networks contradicted Ai's reports of cohesion within Team Gamma.
This model had a better fit compared to each of the other models in which the variables were alternately combined.
Crossover operator 3: Randomly select two crossover points first.
This variable reflects the past research experience and capacity of the CAS in scientific activities, which should be controlled because it likely influences the CAS's scientific performance.
The result is usually a costly delay in the product's introduction to the market."
Oil companies acquire and operate transport companies (tankers and trucks) and they also build and operate pipelines.
Based on the contingent model, a set of propositions are derived to explain and predict when the mirroring relationship will hold and when it will not.
Additionally, the significant pairwise differences among messages for the mediator variables of recognition, credibility, and social comparison reported in Table 1 were robust against controlling for baseline brand attitude.
However, it is more common that the most complex innovations and the development of new molecules are imported into the domestic market given the conditions that make this process more expensive in Brazil (Q1 and Q3).
It shows statistically significant improvements over other state-of-the-art FA variants and classical search methods for diverse feature selection problems.
Must they choose one or the other and does it matter which one?
Let denotes the adjusted opinion of expert .
We estimate a set of models that have the same structure as the one described in Section 5.3 but with additional variables: an indicator of whether the prescription is COMPLEX, which denotes high diopter lenses and its interaction with OPEN, as well as the interaction between FIRST and OPEN.
Step 1: Sampling realizations from the stochastic error function.
Another similar confounding variable, but one that could not be measured due the cross-sectional nature of the methodology employed, is past performance.
Additionally, significant relationships were found between employee's value orientations and job attitudes (e.g., Vansteenkiste et al. 2007).
It might be interesting to include personal factors (e.g., exchange ideology, learning orientation) and other organizational factors (e.g., organizational support) as moderators in the relationship between abusive supervision and knowledge sharing in future studies.
Indeed, Cohen and Levinthal (1989, 1990) explicitly assert that a firm's AC is largely determined by the cognitive abilities and the intensity of research efforts on the part of its individuals.
The following theorem formalizes the above intuition and characterizes the contrasting effects of trade-in remanufacturing on the production decision under different customer behaviors.
It can be challenging to persuade busy clinicians to undertake this work when it offers no immediate benefits to their clinical practice.
For the interest of space and purpose of illustration we show in Table 5 a subset of twelve topics generated from LDA.
Note that, the above example presents only one potential option for the news utility model.
Organizational pride (hereafter "pride") refers to "the pleasure taken in being associated with one's employer" (Helm, 2013, p. 544).
Second, we identify avenues that future research may use as a guide to answer pressing questions on DT while contributing to expand the theoretical foundations we rely on to study IS.
They provided feedback regarding the clarity, comprehensiveness, appropriateness, face validity and readability of the scales and survey instructions.
The literature offers mixed findings with respect to the influence of this variable in corporate sustainability reporting.
Overall, our findings suggest that high-technology firms should try to develop search-and-capture strategies with moderate levels of openness to remain open to broader knowledge resources and opportunities.
Studies show that group members are aware of leaders' differential exchanges with and treatment of other group members (Duchon et al., 1986; Sias& Jablin, 1995).
The novice operator inserted a total of 25.57 kg of virgin material into the build, whereas the expert operator used only 13.51 kg of material to complete the identical series of build experiments.
A research model and agenda are proposed to shed light on the digital-physical product development process, its characteristics, practices, context, and options to combine the two sub-processes effectively.
Figure 5 presents the distribution of the average number of clicks per query for the users in the data.
Inspired by a real case study, a four-echelon platelet supply chain is investigated in this paper.
Platforms businesses often offer a lower price than pipeline businesses which constitutes a powerful decision factor for many consumers (Poon and Huang, 2017; So et al., 2018; Tussyadiah and Pesonen, 2018; Yang and Ahn, 2016).
This form of social commerce tends to leapfrog Internet service based infrastructure such as public key infrastructure and digital signature and develop a click-and-brick model and strategy that blends transaction cost between online and offline face-to-face interaction.
To address the surprisingly limited information on the usage of everyday technologies in social care services, this ServCollab project investigates how disabled people adapt existing virtual assistants to stay independent, thereby improving their quality of life and meeting their complex social care needs.
Changes in the product value over time as products reach consumers from producers have been emphasized as a critical factor that shapes supply chain strategy (Blackburn and Scudder, 2009).
Such business models ultimately lead to value creation through their efficient enabling of interactions between suppliers and buyers through a platform.
In concrete terms, we first explore the mechanisms of remixing by considering detailed insights from 81 individual remix processes and the corresponding designers in a qualitative study.
Before conducting step 3, the co-authors jointly used twelve sample articles identified as relevant in step 2 to establish a common understanding of the inclusion and categorization criteria in step 3, and of the subsequent coding procedure.
At the time the merge seemed to be a 'match made in heaven'.
This assertion is also supported by the relatively low mean score of 2.41 for this variable.
The investigation of quality and quantity of CSR disclosure, as well as the presence of external assurance and the quality of assurance, helps us explain the phenomenon in more detail as compared with existing studies.
Woo and Allen (2014) took an inductive approach to the study of turnover intentions, identifying profiles of "stayers" and "leavers" in organizations based upon thoughts of leaving one's current job, plans to leave, job search behaviors, and socialemotional, economic, and external reasons for staying in one's current job.
Second, we only consider production activity as a "black box," but do not explore its internal production structure in detail.
In contrast, firm-specific human capital is relevant only to the particular organization where it is developed and cannot be transferred if individuals change organizations.
Swipe activity is a measure of the number of given likes, weighted by the amount of swiped profiles, i.e., the product of both variables.
However, considering that its focus was revealing the influence of medical history, which substantially mediates the influence of age, the purpose and implications of this study may still stand.
The Industrial Marketing and Purchasing (IMP) survey was a collaborative academic effort, based on a series of interviews in five European countries, that started in the mid-1970s (Calantone and Vickery, 2010; Hakansson, 1982).
Desaulniers et al. (2016) proposed a branch-and-cut-and-price algorithm for this problem, with a bidirectional labeling algorithm for full and partial recharging at single or multiple recharging stations.
Following the negative norm of reciprocity (Gouldner 1960), employees, as a response to contract breach, may use a passive strategy [i.e., reduce their effort and contributions (Zagenczyk et al. 2015)] or an active strategy [i.e., actively harm the organization (Bordia et al. 2008)] to restore the balance in the relationship.
Beyond a simple coordination issue, this raises concerns about how the distributed nature of digital artifacts may aggravate power imbalances to the benefit of participants with fewer geo-temporal and technical barriers.
To address the limitation of traditional measures of spatial accessibility, we employ the FCA method to compute spatial accessibility to fire services using the case study of Brisbane Statistical Division (BSD) in Queensland, a rapidly growing metropolitan city of Australia.
This research could help political entities avoid chaos when scandals occur.
Similarly, Hoch et al. (2016) examined the incremental validity of ethical and moral leadership constructs, such as ethical, servant, and authentic leadership, over and above the older and established transformational leadership in predicting a variety of behavioral and attitudinal outcomes.
One domain that is particularly prone to salience bias is resource consumption: the benefits of energy or water use are usually immediate and perceptible, whereas the negative implications in terms of costs and emissions from energy generation are typically elusive and difficult to gauge for the individual.
There are many factors that determine the number of publications of a university in the Scopus database.
Our results revealed that 25% of the studies met the research setting criterion, but only 6% met the sampling procedures criterion.
Major principles of ecology modelling are survival-orientation, absence of explicit time windows in analysis, and ecosystem focus.
In these dyads, both parties are guided by the predominant social-welfare logic (Table 6: RB, RC).
The firms that responded and indicated their commitment to take part in the study were instructed to nominate an executive who could answer the performance questions and a knowledgeable informant who was responsible for R&D or innovation and could assess the company's open innovation practices, such as the level of cooperation with external partners.
Finally, two-sided communications (e.g. user tutorials, training, flyers) should acknowledge elderly people's fears (value co-destruction potential) while accentuating the positive value outcomes for a diverse set of actors, in an effort to increase receptivity to and encourage adoption of socially assistive robots.
Secondly, a support vector machine model is used to discover the relationships between the event synopsis in text format and event consequence.
As a consequence, CASET might need modification to reflect stricter demands.
The idea of creating a two-sided platform to facilitate matching has become more prevalent in socially responsible operations.
Hence, the results replicate and extend those of the first study and support Hypotheses 4-6.
A central source of these concerns is the direct or indirect involvement of China's government in investments and the implications of this involvement for access to dual-usage (civil and military) technology and the resulting political and economic influence that may arise.
Public acquirer was equal to one if the acquirer was listed on any stock exchange.
Depending on the intent, there are even studies where multiple respondents have, in fact, performed worse than single-respondent studies (Teo and King 1997).
The current study extends supply chain management theory by confirming the multi-dimensional nature of the supply chain construct and empirically proving the different effects of these dimensions on different supply chain capabilities and organizational performance dimensions that has been suggested in prior research (Eriksson, 2015).
As mentioned, sub-supplier behaviour can be subjected to spillover effects due to the framing of other current and past intermediaries.
These hegemonic patterns of representation persist throughout various media, cultures, and eras.
There is a need for a continued conversation across disciplinary boundaries so that service research can be informed and enhanced by other established research and traditions.
These decisions are made prior to knowing the exact location of future calls.
This lack of a clear measurement instrument for customer value is an often-mentioned point of criticism (Cronin, 2016; Gallarza et al., 2017).
Therefore, H1 is supported, whereas H2 and H3 are partially supported.
In these situations, the power can increase analogously to adding a covariate in a multiple regression analysis or including a level-2 error term when investigating level-1 effects (Bliese, Maltarich, & Hendricks, 2017).
The total valid responses considered for the final study were 181.
The techniques can be perceived as overly technical, too resource intensive, and too variable in their outputs .
We examined how several individual characteristics (i.e. personal competitiveness, achievement striving and prosocial motivation) affect knowledge hiding.
Similar to Liang et al. (2008) and Chen et al. (2009), we assume that vg = vg = v for all k1 = 1,2 in models (1) and (2).
At the same time, it is of interest to examine how dynamic wage affects supply, especially when independent providers can freely choose whether and when to work.
The validation set is composed of 2405 conversations, 10,730 sessions, and 11,132 recommendations.
Furthermore, based on the results of our quantitative review, we provide a roadmap for future leadership research.
To observe the performance of these authors, the h-index of each author is included, along with the total number of publications, the number of citations, among other bibliometric indicators.
Amorim et al. (2013) consider a risk-averse production planning model incorporating financial risk measures.
Overall, the literature views agility as both an end in itself and a means to an end.
Therefore, economic policies that strengthen a country's financial system may also improve its innovation capacity.
What should the optimal policies look like in the presence of smart contracts, where orders are placed with the entire upstream supply chains?
This proposition means that the potential market size in the extended scenario has some negative effect on the optimal trade-in rebate value, which is not found in the basic scenario.
Facing a newer and underdeveloped market system, firms in China often suffer from less external capital market accessibilities and have insufficient resources to response quickly to changing market conditions (Wu et al., 2017; Yi et al., 2016).
Organizations must first recognize the types of career cultures they want to develop, then identify career practices and policies consistent with these cultures.
Moreover, the simple heuristic has the advantage of deterring strategic behavior by buyers and sellers, whereas those contingent surge prices are usually adopted without taking forward-looking behavior into account.
To be effective within the partnership there is a need for well-functioning internal as well as external interfaces and knowledge flows (Hillebrand and Biemans, 2003).
Then, firms need to assign the responsibility for the startup supplier topic to either a manager or a team who coordinates the identification and evaluation process.
In the last five years, methodologists have overcome major weaknesses of traditional PLS-PM, such as its inconsistency for latent variable models and lack of a test for overall model fit.
From the perspective of agency theory, the inclusion of nonfinancial performance measures in executive compensation contracts can increase their effectiveness if the nonfinancial performance measures contain additional information about a manager's effort beyond that of financial measures (Holmstrom, 1979).
Therefore, the proposed model clearly outperforms the benchmark models.
Most primates are sexually dimorphic to some degree, however (Kappeler & Van Schaik, 2004).
Considering the stages of definition, acquisition, dissemination, storage, application and evaluation of knowledge, it can be considered that each step can be more important to meet the specifics of innovation of each company in its sector of activity in the economy; for example, high technology sectors demand that the stage definition of knowledge be more intense in the identification of opportunities that sustain the dynamic capacity of an agile organization.
That is not to say that policymakers are unaware of second and third order implications, but rather that they may be responding to different incentives, such as ensuring reelection and securing funding for constituents (Buchanan, 1954; Meier, 2015).
From a knowledge management perspective, increasingly more capable tools change the role of the user from a solution generator to a solution selector.
Reber, Schwarz, and Winkielman (2004) suggested that the perception of beauty, for example, is affected by perceptual fluency such that increased fluency leads to a more positive aesthetic response.
At the same time, those remaining in the sampling channel, even though they have the option of going to a showroom, are indicating a weak preference for HTO.
Structuring DTS formulation and implementation as a narrative in chronological fashion makes intuitive sense, since it shows how one event led to another or at least created the conditions for another.
The TRA theory proposes that people are more likely to develop intentions (motivations) if they have a positive attitude towards a subject and their peers (significant others expect them to perform this behaviour.
While the analysis suggests that articles that scored high on one quality criterion tend to score high on others, the correlation coefficients reported in Table 10 are relatively low, reaching a maximum of .371.
MANOVA results also showed that applicants engaged in more honest IM when asked less-sophisticated questions than when such questions were not used, supporting H16c.
Considering the difficulties faced by managers in assessing submitted ideas and predicting their potential success in these early phases (Berg, 2016), it can be argued that the knowledge and feedback provided by contributors may support them in their review decisions.
Alternatively, if , the transferable amount of resource k, is not sufficient to allow activity j to start at the beginning of time period t, then t is increased until sufficient resources become available.
According to Berlo (1960), the communication process is comprised of the Communication Source-encoder, the Message, the Channel, and the Communication Receiver-decoder (SMCR).
In many studies, the easiest way to do so is by directly linking participants' decisions to the monetary compensation that they receive for participating in the experiment.
The sum of these two probabilities is 1.
Regarding technology anxiety, the scale of Meuter et al. (2005) was used.
For example, the descriptive and explanatory aspects of foundational traits described by Fleeson and Jayawickreme (2015) could explain both the relative constancy and variability of leadership behavior that has been observed across situations (Michel & LeBreton, 2011; Park et al., 2011).
Perceived top management BLM (Time 1) (a = .89) and mental preoccupation with work (Time 2) (a = .96) were rated by employees using the same items used in Study 1, except that mental preoccupation with work specifically asked about their experiences since the first survey.
A literature review is presented in Section 2 and Section 3 then describes the methodology.
The practical relevance of significant effects should be investigated by considering the effect sizes of the relationships between the constructs.
Another issue, not less important, is to highlight the influence in JKM of some authors such as Nonaka, Takeuchi, von Krogh, Davenport, among others.
Table 3 shows the results of the mediation analysis of the logistic regressions, which accounts for the fact that USs could be substitutes (or complements) for CTs and consults, and thus, a change in US use could account for some of the change in CT and consult use associated with justification.
Summing up, the criticism regarding extant organizational research methods may originate in the complexities involved in studying organizations on a broad empirical basis via traditional methods such as case studies or surveys.
The result that trust is a significant determinant to crowdfunding investment intention is consistent with findings from previous trust-based research on online shopping (e.g., [30, 32]).
Despite decades of investigation, very little is known about the extent of the role played by individual and environmental factors in shaping JDCS profiles.
Specifically, OI breadth reflects firms' wide access to various partners and heterogeneous information content; OI depth reflects firms' strong reliance on external sources, to extensively absorb useful information (Ferreras- Mendez et al., 2015; Garriga et al., 2013; Laursen and Salter, 2006; Leiponen and Helfat, 2010).
Table 4 shows results of the saturate model fit evaluation for the first-, second-, and third-order constructs.
Drivers are provided with a 20% increase in remuneration ("Power driver bonus", amounting to a reduction of the platform's commission) for drivers with acceptance rate above 90%.
We controlled for an industrylevel factor, market concentration, using a Herfindahl measure (the sum of the square of the market shares of all firms in an industry) to capture the level of competition.
Given the proliferation of (big) data related to customers, cases like these examples are emerging rapidly.
Instead, we suggest that this alternative operationalization of an effect be used to supplement dMACS.
Furthermore, in their efforts to seek greater legitimacy, suppliers may promptly follow industry standards laid down by leading firms in their industry-normative pressure (DiMaggio & Powell, 1983; Heugens & Lander, 2009).
Within the military itself, the preference for and effectiveness of autocratic leadership also tends to contradict stereotypes.
Those stakeholders include extension agents, local governmental staff, and policy makers who also may affect the market orientation and innovation of smallholders, consequently impacting business performance.
Not only do they affect output and process efficiency, but they also increase depth and breadth of the work of individual innovators, they lead to rearrangement of the entire innovation processes, enable new configurations of people, teams, and firms, and rewrite the rules on how knowledge management acts as a critical competitive capability.
In testing the hypothesized indirect association, we also included these variables as covariates of collective commitment (the proposed mediator).
Regli (2007) indicated in 2007 that the information integration within or across industrial sectors is still a dream.
First, the main effects for H1 were tested by regressing the three CEB intensities on the predictors: CED SAT INV and .
To check whether our manipulation was successful, we asked the participants whether they believed that the described organization was likely to engage in CSR activities using a seven-item scale (Turker, 2009b; a = .94).
Specific measures such as environment taxes have been imposed to regulate the consumption of certain resources, like water usage (see, for example, Bai & Hidefumi, 2001).
Users may switch to alternatives if they are lured by monetary rewards .
Particularly, researchers have argued that with the increasing variety, volume, and velocity of data, quality of the obtained data could be compromised [95].
Similarly, models of waste aversion, stockout aversion, and underestimated opportunity costs (Schweitzer and Cachon 2000) which predict either underordering or overordering for all individualsalso cannot predict the PTC effect consistently across low- and high-margin settings.
Under the "very high time pressure" level, the probability that crews cannot complete a task is about%.
In online brand communities, members may promote the offerings of the community (products or services) because value attributed to the community in which the members participate is higher than other communities (competitor brand communities) (Agag and El-Masry, 2016).
As Table 3 shows, only one out of the 64 correlations is statistically significant at the 5% level.
However, qualitative Big Data can reveal how supply chains emerge, function and adapt, complementing insights garnered from quantitative Big Data.