<s>
Friendships_NN2 in_II university_NN1 residences_NN2 can_VM be_VBI formed_VVN through_II mere_JJ exposure_NN1 to_II and_CC passive_JJ contacts_NN2 with_IW other_JJ students_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
These_DD2 friendships_NN2 are_VBR maintained_VVN through_II proximity_NN1 ,_, familiarity_NN1 and_CC similarity_NN1 and_CC these_DD2 factors_NN2 will_VM influence_VVI whether_CSW a_AT1 friendship_NN1 is_VBZ long-lasting_JJ ._. 
</s>
<s>
149_MC undergraduate_NN1 students_NN2 were_VBDR asked_VVN to_TO fill_VVI in_II questionnaires_NN2 regarding_II their_APPGE three_MC closest_JJT friends_NN2 at_II university_NN1 and_CC how_RRQ they_PPHS2 met_VVD these_DD2 friends_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
41%_NNU of_IO friends_NN2 met_VVN through_II living_VVG together_RL in_II their_APPGE first_MD year_NNT1 of_IO study_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
However_RR ,_, a_AT1 significant_JJ association_NN1 was_VBDZ found_VVN between_II year_NNT1 of_IO study_NN1 and_CC how_RRQ students_NN2 met_VVD their_APPGE friends_NN2 ,_, 2(14)_FO =_FO 31.09_MC ;_; p_ZZ1 &le;_FO 0.05_MC ._. 
</s>
<s>
Third_MD year_NNT1 students_NN2 were_VBDR more_RGR likely_JJ to_TO have_VHI met_VVN their_APPGE friends_NN2 through_II societies_NN2 and_CC sports_NN2 clubs_NN2 than_CSN first_MD year_NNT1 students_NN2 and_CC were_VBDR less_RGR likely_JJ to_TO have_VHI met_VVN them_PPHO2 through_II living_VVG together_RL in_II their_APPGE first_MD year_NNT1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Friendships_NN2 are_VBR more_RGR long-lasting_JJ when_CS similar_JJ interests_NN2 are_VBR a_AT1 factor_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Introduction_NN1 The_AT need_NN1 to_II affiliate_NN1 with_IW others_NN2 is_VBZ a_AT1 central_JJ part_NN1 of_IO human_JJ nature_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
This_DD1 basic_JJ need_NN1 is_VBZ fulfilled_VVN by_II the_AT formation_NN1 of_IO friendships_NN2 and_CC close_JJ relationships_NN2 with_IW people_NN in_II the_AT surrounding_JJ environment_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
When_RRQ students_NN2 arrive_VV0 at_II university_NN1 for_IF the_AT first_MD time_NNT1 they_PPHS2 are_VBR often_RR unacquainted_JJ with_IW the_AT people_NN around_II them_PPHO2 therefore_RR they_PPHS2 make_VV0 the_AT effort_NN1 to_TO form_VVI new_JJ friendships_NN2 and_CC social_JJ groups_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
There_EX are_VBR several_DA2 factors_NN2 that_CST influence_VV0 which_DDQ people_NN they_PPHS2 will_VM choose_VVI to_TO form_VVI friendships_NN2 with_IW ._. 
</s>
<s>
One_MC1 major_JJ influencing_JJ factor_NN1 is_VBZ that_DD1 of_IO physical_JJ proximity_NN1 (_( Festinger_NP1 ,_, Schachter_NP1 &;_NULL Back_NN1 ,_, 1950_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
When_CS someone_PN1 is_VBZ living_VVG close_JJ by_II ,_, you_PPY are_VBR likely_JJ to_TO see_VVI them_PPHO2 more_RGR often_RR and_CC become_VVI more_RGR familiar_JJ with_IW them_PPHO2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Familiarity_NN1 has_VHZ been_VBN shown_VVN to_TO directly_RR influence_VVI how_RGQ much_RR a_AT1 person_NN1 is_VBZ liked_VVN by_II another_DD1 (_( Moreland_NP1 &;_NULL Beach_NN1 ,_, 1992_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Another_DD1 influencing_JJ factor_NN1 is_VBZ how_RRQ similar_JJ a_AT1 person_NN1 is_VBZ to_II another_DD1 (_( Newcomb_NP1 ,_, 1961_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT more_RGR similar_JJ people_NN are_VBR ,_, and_CC the_AT more_RGR familiar_JJ they_PPHS2 are_VBR with_IW each_PPX221 other_PPX222 ,_, the_AT more_RGR likely_JJ they_PPHS2 are_VBR to_TO become_VVI friends_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
One_MC1 of_IO the_AT first_MD influential_JJ studies_NN2 of_IO friendship_NN1 formation_NN1 in_II university_NN1 residences_NN2 was_VBDZ carried_VVN out_RP by_II Festinger_NP1 ,_, Schachter_NP1 and_CC Back_NN1 (_( 1950_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Their_APPGE study_NN1 was_VBDZ conducted_VVN in_II two_MC housing_NN1 communities_NN2 providing_VVG accommodation_NN1 for_IF students_NN2 of_IO the_AT Massachusetts_NP1 Institute_NN1 of_IO Technology_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
All_DB the_AT students_NN2 were_VBDR married_JJ and_CC the_AT residences_NN2 consisted_VVN of_IO apartments_NN2 for_IF students_NN2 and_CC their_APPGE wives_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
There_EX were_VBDR also_RR apartments_NN2 for_IF couples_NN2 with_IW children_NN2 giving_VVG a_AT1 total_JJ number_NN1 of_IO 270_MC apartments_NN2 overall_RR ._. 
</s>
<s>
Festingeral._NP1 (_( 1950_MC )_) hypothesised_VVD that_CST most_DAT friendships_NN2 within_II these_DD2 housing_VVG communities_NN2 would_VM develop_VVI through_II "_" passive_JJ contacts_NN2 "_" (_( pp.34_FO )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT residents_NN2 were_VBDR unlikely_JJ to_TO have_VHI previous_JJ contacts_NN2 in_II the_AT area_NN1 so_RR would_VM develop_VVI friendships_NN2 through_II repeated_JJ brief_JJ meetings_NN2 with_IW others_NN2 when_CS travelling_VVG in_RP and_CC out_II21 of_II22 buildings_NN2 and_CC around_II the_AT neighbourhood_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
When_CS travelling_VVG around_II the_AT area_NN1 ,_, residents_NN2 would_VM follow_VVI specific_JJ pathways_NN2 depending_II21 on_II22 their_APPGE destination_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Following_VVG these_DD2 pathways_NN2 regularly_RR would_VM result_VVI in_II repeated_JJ exposure_NN1 to_II particular_JJ people_NN ._. 
</s>
<s>
Westgate_VV0 West_ND1 ,_, one_MC1 of_IO the_AT two_MC housing_NN1 communities_NN2 ,_, consisted_VVD of_IO apartment_NN1 blocks_NN2 ,_, each_DD1 block_NN1 containing_VVG ten_MC apartments_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT physical_JJ distance_NN1 between_II each_DD1 apartment_NN1 within_II each_DD1 block_NN1 was_VBDZ calculated_VVN ._. 
</s>
<s>
This_DD1 included_VVD stairways_NN2 between_II the_AT two_MC floors_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Residents_NN2 were_VBDR more_RGR likely_JJ to_TO become_VVI friends_NN2 with_IW people_NN living_VVG in_II apartments_NN2 that_CST were_VBDR the_AT shortest_JJT physical_JJ distance_NN1 away_II21 from_II22 their_APPGE own_DA because_CS they_PPHS2 passed_VVD these_DD2 apartments_NN2 more_RGR often_RR ._. 
</s>
<s>
However_RR ,_, friendships_NN2 may_VM not_XX develop_VVI between_II the_AT occupants_NN2 of_IO neighbouring_JJ apartments_NN2 if_CS these_DD2 apartments_NN2 are_VBR not_XX situated_VVN on_II pathways_NN2 regularly_RR travelled_VVN ._. 
</s>
<s>
For_REX21 example_REX22 ,_, if_CS residents_NN2 live_VV0 on_II the_AT first_MD floor_NN1 they_PPHS2 may_VM not_XX pass_VVI apartments_NN2 on_II the_AT end_NN1 of_IO that_DD1 floor_NN1 ,_, but_CCB will_VM pass_VVI certain_JJ apartments_NN2 on_II the_AT ground_NN1 floor_NN1 because_CS they_PPHS2 are_VBR near_II the_AT staircase_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
A_AT1 separate_JJ measure_NN1 of_IO functional_JJ distance_NN1 was_VBDZ developed_VVN to_TO take_VVI this_DD1 into_II account_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT effects_NN2 of_IO functional_JJ distance_NN1 were_VBDR also_RR observed_VVN in_II Westgate_NP1 ,_, the_AT other_JJ housing_NN1 community_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
This_DD1 community_NN1 consisted_VVN of_IO houses_NN2 around_II a_AT1 court_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Houses_NN2 on_II the_AT ends_NN2 of_IO rows_NN2 faced_VVN out_II21 of_II22 the_AT court_NN1 and_CC on_II21 to_II22 the_AT main_JJ road_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Residents_NN2 were_VBDR less_RGR likely_JJ to_TO report_VVI friendships_NN2 with_IW people_NN living_VVG in_II these_DD2 particular_JJ houses_NN2 because_CS they_PPHS2 did_VDD not_XX pass_VVI the_AT front_NN1 of_IO these_DD2 houses_NN2 frequently_RR and_CC consequently_RR had_VHD less_DAR brief_JJ meetings_NN2 with_IW the_AT occupants_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Proximity_NN1 was_VBDZ clearly_RR an_AT1 influential_JJ factor_NN1 in_II friendship_NN1 formation_NN1 in_II Festinger_NP1 et_RA21 al_RA22 ._. 's_GE ,_, (_( 1950_MC )_) study_NN1 ,_, but_CCB there_EX are_VBR other_JJ factors_NN2 that_CST may_VM contribute_VVI to_II whether_CSW passive_JJ contacts_NN2 will_VM become_VVI more_RGR meaningful_JJ friendships_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT investigators_NN2 noted_VVD the_AT similarity_NN1 of_IO the_AT students_NN2 and_CC their_APPGE wives_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
They_PPHS2 were_VBDR all_DB within_II the_AT same_DA age_NN1 range_NN1 and_CC came_VVD from_II similar_JJ backgrounds_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
All_DB the_AT students_NN2 attended_VVD a_AT1 technical_JJ college_NN1 so_CS they_PPHS2 had_VHD a_AT1 shared_JJ interest_NN1 in_II scientific_JJ and_CC industrial_JJ fields_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT similarities_NN2 highlighted_VVN here_RL ,_, may_VM have_VHI contributed_VVN to_II the_AT large_JJ number_NN1 of_IO friendships_NN2 formed_VVN between_II residents_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Balance_NN1 theory_NN1 (_( Heider_NP1 ,_, 1958_MC )_) provides_VVZ an_AT1 explanation_NN1 of_IO how_RRQ and_CC why_RRQ different_JJ factors_NN2 interact_VV0 and_CC contribute_VV0 to_II friendship_NN1 formation_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
In_BCL21 order_BCL22 for_IF a_AT1 person_NN1 to_TO have_VHI a_AT1 positive_JJ attitude_NN1 towards_II ,_, or_CC friendship_NN1 with_IW another_DD1 person_NN1 ,_, several_DA2 factors_NN2 have_VH0 to_TO be_VBI in_II balance_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT proximity_NN1 of_IO where_RRQ they_PPHS2 live_VV0 may_VM be_VBI an_AT1 initial_JJ factor_NN1 that_CST leads_VVZ to_TO frequent_VVI meetings_NN2 and_CC hence_RR a_AT1 second_MD factor_NN1 ;_; familiarity_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Once_RR these_DD2 two_MC factors_NN2 are_VBR in_II place_NN1 ,_, the_AT two_MC people_NN will_VM find_VVI out_RP more_RRR about_II each_PPX221 other_PPX222 and_CC may_VM discover_VVI that_CST they_PPHS2 have_VH0 similar_JJ interests_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
This_DD1 provides_VVZ the_AT third_MD factor_NN1 of_IO similarity_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
However_RR ,_, these_DD2 three_MC factors_NN2 may_VM not_XX be_VBI in_II balance_NN1 and_CC when_CS they_PPHS2 are_VBR not_XX in_II balance_NN1 it_PPH1 may_VM be_VBI difficult_JJ for_IF a_AT1 friendship_NN1 to_TO form_VVI ._. 
</s>
<s>
For_REX21 example_REX22 ,_, two_MC people_NN may_VM be_VBI in_II close_JJ proximity_NN1 to_II each_PPX221 other_PPX222 but_CCB their_APPGE paths_NN2 may_VM not_XX cross_VVI frequently_RR so_RR the_AT factor_NN1 of_IO familiarity_NN1 will_VM not_XX develop_VVI ._. 
</s>
<s>
Also_RR ,_, if_CS they_PPHS2 do_VD0 become_VVI familiar_JJ with_IW each_PPX221 other_PPX222 but_CCB discover_VV0 they_PPHS2 have_VH0 very_RG different_JJ attitudes_NN2 and_CC interests_NN2 there_EX is_VBZ an_AT1 absence_NN1 of_IO similarity_NN1 and_CC their_APPGE friendship_NN1 may_VM not_XX continue_VVI further_RRR ._. 
</s>
<s>
However_RR ,_, factors_NN2 can_VM be_VBI changed_VVN to_TO correct_VVI the_AT imbalance_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
If_CS two_MC people_NN have_VH0 different_JJ attitudes_NN2 then_RT one_PN1 may_VM change_VVI their_APPGE attitudes_NN2 to_TO match_VVI the_AT other_JJ and_CC their_APPGE relationship_NN1 is_VBZ balanced_VVN once_RR21 more_RR22 ._. 
</s>
<s>
A_AT1 study_NN1 was_VBDZ carried_VVN out_RP by_II Priest_NN1 and_CC Sawyer_NP1 (_( 1967_MC )_) to_TO investigate_VVI the_AT effects_NN2 of_IO balance_NN1 theory_NN1 on_II friendships_NN2 in_II university_NN1 residential_JJ halls_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT students_NN2 were_VBDR asked_VVN to_TO complete_VVI questionnaires_NN2 ,_, naming_VVG their_APPGE five_MC best_JJT friends_NN2 and_CC then_RT categorising_VVG a_AT1 list_NN1 of_IO everyone_PN1 who_PNQS lived_VVD in_II the_AT hall_NN1 according_II21 to_II22 how_RGQ well_RR they_PPHS2 knew_VVD each_DD1 person_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
This_DD1 task_NN1 was_VBDZ completed_VVN to_TO clarify_VVI reciprocation_NN1 of_IO choice_NN1 and_CC identify_VVI pairs_NN2 of_IO friends_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT students_NN2 completed_VVD the_AT questionnaire_NN1 in_II the_AT Autumn_NNT1 term_NN1 and_CC again_RT in_II the_AT Spring_NN1 term_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT investigators_NN2 were_VBDR interested_JJ in_II the_AT effects_NN2 of_IO proximity_NN1 and_CC peership_NN1 on_II liking_VVG and_CC recognition_NN1 and_CC whether_CSW this_DD1 changes_VVZ over_II time_NNT1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Proximity_NN1 was_VBDZ measured_VVN in_II a_AT1 similar_JJ way_NN1 to_II Festinger_NP1 et_RA21 al_RA22 ._. 's_GE (_( 1950_MC )_) study_NN1 and_CC peership_NN1 was_VBDZ concerned_JJ with_IW whether_CSW the_AT friends_NN2 were_VBDR in_II the_AT same_DA year_NNT1 of_IO study_NN1 ,_, particularly_RR whether_CSW they_PPHS2 were_VBDR in_II the_AT first_MD year_NNT1 or_CC not_XX ._. 
</s>
<s>
Priest_NN1 and_CC Sawyer_NP1 (_( 1967_MC )_) found_VVD that_CST both_RR proximity_NN1 and_CC peership_NN1 were_VBDR positively_RR correlated_VVN with_IW liking_VVG and_CC recognition_NN1 ,_, as_CSA balance_NN1 theory_NN1 would_VM predict_VVI ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT dynamics_NN of_IO balance_NN1 theory_NN1 were_VBDR investigated_VVN by_II comparing_VVG results_NN2 of_IO pairs_NN2 of_IO students_NN2 across_II the_AT two_MC terms_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
It_PPH1 was_VBDZ found_VVN that_CST for_IF closer_JJR proximity_NN1 pairs_NN2 the_AT attraction_NN1 between_II them_PPHO2 changes_NN2 less_RRR when_CS it_PPH1 is_VBZ initially_RR high_JJ ._. 
</s>
<s>
For_IF students_NN2 living_VVG further_RRR apart_RL the_AT attraction_NN1 changes_NN2 less_RRR when_CS initially_RR low_JJ ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT same_DA balance_NN1 idea_NN1 was_VBDZ found_VVN for_IF peership_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Higher_JJR attraction_NN1 was_VBDZ more_RGR stable_JJ between_II peers_NN2 and_CC lower_JJR attraction_NN1 was_VBDZ more_RGR stable_JJ between_II non-peers_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT current_JJ study_NN1 was_VBDZ concerned_JJ with_IW the_AT effects_NN2 of_IO proximity_NN1 on_II long-term_JJ friendships_NN2 in_II a_AT1 modern_JJ university_NN1 setting_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Both_DB2 Festinger_NP1 et_RA21 al_RA22 ._. 's_GE (_( 1950_MC )_) and_CC Priest_NN1 and_CC Sawyer's(1967)_FO studies_NN2 were_VBDR carried_VVN out_RP several_DA2 decades_NNT2 ago_RA and_CC there_EX may_VM be_VBI more_RGR influencing_JJ factors_NN2 to_TO take_VVI into_II account_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
One_MC1 factor_NN1 is_VBZ that_CST the_AT University_NN1 of_IO is_VBZ a_AT1 campus_NN1 university_NN1 so_RR accommodation_NN1 is_VBZ not_XX as_RG isolated_JJ and_CC students_NN2 have_VH0 more_DAR opportunities_NN2 to_TO interact_VVI with_IW others_NN2 they_PPHS2 are_VBR not_XX living_VVG near_II21 to_II22 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Today_RT ,_, there_EX appears_VVZ to_TO be_VBI a_AT1 greater_JJR social_JJ side_NN1 to_II university_NN1 life_NN1 with_IW a_AT1 large_JJ variety_NN1 of_IO societies_NN2 and_CC sports_NN2 clubs_NN2 to_TO belong_VVI to_II ._. 
</s>
<s>
Festingeral._NP1 (_( 1950_MC )_) mentioned_VVD the_AT existence_NN1 of_IO extra-curricular_JJ clubs_NN2 but_CCB there_EX was_VBDZ no_AT mention_NN1 of_IO extensive_JJ involvement_NN1 in_II them_PPHO2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
A_AT1 factor_NN1 that_CST had_VHD not_XX been_VBN investigated_VVN ,_, but_CCB was_VBDZ addressed_VVN in_II this_DD1 study_NN1 ,_, was_VBDZ whether_CSW friendships_NN2 initially_RR made_VVN through_II accommodation_NN1 in_II the_AT first_MD year_NNT1 are_VBR still_RR prominent_JJ in_II later_JJR years_NNT2 when_RRQ students_NN2 no_RR21 longer_RR22 live_VV0 in_II university_NN1 accommodation_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
It_PPH1 was_VBDZ noted_VVN that_CST the_AT amount_NN1 of_IO contact_NN1 time_NNT1 on_II courses_NN2 varies_VVZ considerably_RR between_II faculties_NN2 at_II the_AT University_NN1 of_IO and_CC in_II the_AT current_JJ study_NN1 an_AT1 investigation_NN1 was_VBDZ carried_VVN out_RP into_II whether_CSW students_NN2 with_IW more_DAR contact_NN1 time_NNT1 are_VBR more_RGR likely_JJ to_TO have_VHI friends_NN2 on_II their_APPGE course_NN1 than_CSN friends_NN2 in_II their_APPGE accommodation_NN1 because_CS they_PPHS2 will_VM be_VBI more_RGR familiar_JJ with_IW them_PPHO2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Finally_RR ,_, the_AT current_JJ study_NN1 observed_VVD whether_CSW the_AT number_NN1 of_IO shared_JJ facilities_NN2 in_II student_NN1 halls_NN2 would_VM effect_VVI friendship_NN1 formation_NN1 as_CSA investigated_VVN by_II Yinon_NP1 ,_, Goldenberg_NP1 and_CC Neeman_NP1 (_( 1977_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
In_II Festinger_NP1 et_RA21 al_RA22 ._. 's_GE (_( 1950_MC )_) study_NN1 ,_, the_AT students_NN2 lived_VVN in_II separate_JJ apartments_NN2 so_RR did_VDD not_XX share_VVI bathroom_NN1 and_CC kitchen_NN1 facilities_NN2 ,_, which_DDQ would_VM provide_VVI more_DAR opportunities_NN2 to_TO interact_VVI with_IW other_JJ students_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
MethodParticipantsAn_JJ opportunity_NN1 sampling_NN1 method_NN1 was_VBDZ employed_VVN to_TO select_VVI participants_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT participants_NN2 consisted_VVN of_IO 149_MC undergraduate_NN1 students_NN2 at_II the_AT University_NN1 of_IO ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT experimenters_NN2 visited_VVD three_MC main_JJ areas_NN2 on_II the_AT University_NN1 of_IO campus_NN1 to_TO obtain_VVI the_AT majority_NN1 of_IO participants_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
These_DD2 areas_NN2 were_VBDR chosen_VVN because_CS they_PPHS2 were_VBDR areas_NN2 commonly_RR used_VVN by_II students_NN2 belonging_VVG to_II all_DB year_NNT1 groups_NN2 and_CC faculties_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT areas_NN2 were_VBDR non-academic_JJ and_CC most_DAT students_NN2 were_VBDR approached_VVN while_CS relaxing_VVG and_CC conversing_VVG with_IW friends_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
When_CS approached_VVN by_II an_AT1 experimenter_NN1 ,_, the_AT students_NN2 were_VBDR asked_VVN if_CS they_PPHS2 were_VBDR undergraduates_NN2 and_CC once_RR this_DD1 was_VBDZ confirmed_VVN they_PPHS2 were_VBDR asked_VVN to_TO complete_VVI a_AT1 short_JJ questionnaire_NN1 about_II friendship_NN1 for_IF a_AT1 second_MD year_NNT1 psychology_NN1 project_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Care_NN1 was_VBDZ taken_VVN to_TO gather_VVI a_AT1 representative_JJ sample_NN1 of_IO the_AT university_NN1 undergraduate_NN1 population_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Information_NN1 was_VBDZ obtained_VVN from_II university_NN1 administration_NN1 services_NN2 containing_VVG statistics_NN for_IF the_AT number_NN1 of_IO males_NN2 and_CC females_NN2 in_II each_DD1 year_NNT1 group_NN1 in_II each_DD1 subject_NN1 faculty_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Percentages_NN2 for_IF each_DD1 subcategory_NN1 were_VBDR calculated_VVN from_II these_DD2 statistics_NN and_CC applied_VVN to_II the_AT final_JJ sample_NN1 of_IO 146_MC participants_NN2 ,_, after_II three_MC participants_NN2 were_VBDR eliminated_VVN from_II the_AT initial_NN1 149_MC because_CS their_APPGE questionnaires_NN2 were_VBDR missing_VVG vital_JJ information_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT number_NN1 of_IO male_NN1 ,_, second_MD year_NNT1 ,_, science_NN1 students_NN2 that_CST participated_VVD was_VBDZ substantially_RR more_DAR than_CSN the_AT number_NN1 required_VVN and_CC the_AT number_NN1 of_IO male_NN1 ,_, first_MD year_NNT1 ,_, social_JJ studies_NN2 students_NN2 was_VBDZ substantially_RR less_DAR than_CSN the_AT number_NN1 required_VVN ._. 
</s>
<s>
In_BCL21 order_BCL22 to_TO balance_VVI these_DD2 numbers_NN2 ,_, six_MC male_JJ ,_, second_MD year_NNT1 ,_, science_NN1 students_NN2 '_GE questionnaires_NN2 were_VBDR removed_VVN from_II the_AT sample_NN1 and_CC replaced_VVN with_IW six_MC additional_JJ questionnaires_NN2 completed_VVN by_II male_NN1 ,_, first_MD year_NNT1 ,_, social_JJ studies_NN2 students_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
These_DD2 social_JJ studies_NN2 students_NN2 '_GE answers_NN2 were_VBDR obtained_VVN by_II approaching_VVG male_JJ students_NN2 in_II the_AT social_JJ studies_NN2 building_NN1 and_CC enquiring_VVG which_DDQ year_NNT1 group_NN1 they_PPHS2 belonged_VVD to_II ._. 
</s>
<s>
ProcedureBefore_RR the_AT main_JJ study_NN1 took_VVD place_NN1 ,_, a_AT1 draft_NN1 questionnaire_NN1 was_VBDZ drawn_VVN up_RP and_CC used_VVN in_II a_AT1 pilot_NN1 study_NN1 carried_VVN out_RP on_II ten_MC undergraduate_NN1 students_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Feedback_NN1 from_II the_AT pilot_NN1 study_NN1 included_VVD advice_NN1 about_II how_RRQ to_TO adapt_VVI the_AT questions_NN2 to_TO make_VVI it_PPH1 clearer_JJR to_II participants_NN2 what_DDQ the_AT questions_NN2 were_VBDR asking_VVG ._. 
</s>
<s>
Suggestions_NN2 were_VBDR also_RR made_VVN for_IF additional_JJ options_NN2 to_TO be_VBI included_VVN for_IF particular_JJ questions_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT questionnaire_NN1 began_VVD by_II asking_VVG the_AT participant_NN1 for_IF some_DD general_JJ information_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
This_DD1 included_VVD their_APPGE gender_NN1 ,_, their_APPGE year_NNT1 of_IO study_NN1 and_CC which_DDQ course_NN1 they_PPHS2 were_VBDR taking_VVG ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT information_NN1 about_II their_APPGE course_NN1 allowed_VVD the_AT experimenters_NN2 to_TO categorise_VVI them_PPHO2 into_II the_AT appropriate_JJ subject_NN1 faculty_NN1 ._. 
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Next_MD ,_, the_AT participant_NN1 was_VBDZ asked_VVN which_DDQ hall_NN1 of_IO residence_NN1 they_PPHS2 stayed_VVD in_RP during_II their_APPGE first_MD year_NNT1 of_IO study_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
This_DD1 allowed_VVD categorisation_NN1 into_II type_NN1 of_IO accommodation_NN1 according_II21 to_II22 facilities_NN2 shared_VVD ._. 
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<s>
They_PPHS2 were_VBDR then_RT asked_VVN to_TO think_VVI of_IO their_APPGE three_MC best_JJT friends_NN2 at_II university_NN1 and_CC answer_VV0 a_AT1 set_NN1 of_IO questions_NN2 about_II each_DD1 friend_NN1 in_II turn_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
For_IF each_DD1 friend_NN1 the_AT participant_NN1 was_VBDZ asked_VVN to_TO answer_VVI the_AT following_JJ set_NN1 of_IO questions_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT first_MD question_NN1 asked_VVD them_PPHO2 to_TO choose_VVI one_MC1 or_CC more_DAR of_IO five_MC categories_NN2 which_DDQ best_RRT described_VVN how_RRQ they_PPHS2 met_VVD their_APPGE friend_NN1 ._. 
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These_DD2 categories_NN2 were_VBDR ;_; "_" on_II your_APPGE course_NN1 "_" ,_, "_" met_VVN through_II societies_NN2 and_CC sports_NN2 clubs_NN2 "_" ,_, "_" friend_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 friend_NN1 "_" ,_, "_" lived_VVD together_RL in_II 1_MC1 st_NNU year_NNT1 "_" ,_, and_CC "_" other_JJ "_" ._. 
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<s>
The_AT second_MD question_NN1 was_VBDZ only_RR answered_VVN if_CS the_AT participant_NN1 lived_VVN with_IW their_APPGE friend_NN1 in_II their_APPGE first_MD year_NNT1 of_IO study_NN1 ._. 
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This_DD1 question_NN1 was_VBDZ designed_VVN to_TO obtain_VVI information_NN1 about_II proximity_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
It_PPH1 initially_RR asks_VVZ if_CS the_AT participant_NN1 shared_VVD a_AT1 kitchen_NN1 with_IW the_AT friend_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
This_DD1 was_VBDZ appropriate_JJ because_CS the_AT majority_NN1 of_IO campus_NN1 accommodation_NN1 at_II the_AT university_NN1 is_VBZ self-catering_JJ and_CC groups_NN2 of_IO rooms_NN2 near_II each_PPX221 other_PPX222 are_VBR assigned_VVN to_II the_AT same_DA kitchen_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Therefore_RR ,_, sharing_VVG a_AT1 kitchen_NN1 with_IW someone_PN1 would_VM imply_VVI that_CST you_PPY lived_VVD nearer_II them_PPHO2 than_CSN if_CS you_PPY did_VDD not_XX share_VVI a_AT1 kitchen_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
If_CS a_AT1 participant_NN1 did_VDD share_VVI a_AT1 kitchen_NN1 with_IW their_APPGE friend_NN1 then_RT more_RGR detailed_JJ information_NN1 about_II where_RRQ their_APPGE room_NN1 was_VBDZ located_VVN in_II31 relation_II32 to_II33 their_APPGE friend_NN1 's_GE was_VBDZ gathered_VVN ._. 
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<s>
To_TO gather_VVI this_DD1 information_NN1 ,_, the_AT participant_NN1 was_VBDZ asked_VVN to_TO choose_VVI between_II eight_MC categories_NN2 ;_; "_" shared_VVD a_AT1 room_NN1 "_" ,_, "_" next_MD door_NN1 "_" ,_, "_" directly_RR opposite_JJ "_" ,_, "_" 2_MC doors_NN2 away_RL "_" ,_, "_" 3_MC doors_NN2 away_RL "_" ,_, "_" 4_MC doors_NN2 away_RL "_" ,_, "_" 5_MC doors_NN2 away_RL "_" ,_, and_CC "_" other_JJ option_NN1 not_XX specified_VVN above_RL "_" ._. 
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<s>
If_CS the_AT participant_NN1 did_VDD not_XX share_VVI a_AT1 kitchen_NN1 with_IW their_APPGE friend_NN1 ,_, they_PPHS2 were_VBDR asked_VVN to_TO specify_VVI where_RRQ their_APPGE friend_NN1 lived_VVD ._. 
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<s>
Examples_NN2 of_IO possible_JJ answers_NN2 were_VBDR given_VVN ._. 
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<s>
These_DD2 were_VBDR ,_, "_" next_MD kitchen_NN1 along_RP "_" and_CC "_" same_DA block_NN1 "_" ._. 
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<s>
The_AT complete_JJ questionnaire_NN1 can_VM be_VBI found_VVN in_II appendix_NN1 1_MC1 ._. 
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<s>
Results_NN2 The_AT data_NN from_II the_AT questionnaires_NN2 had_VHD to_TO be_VBI organised_VVN into_II a_AT1 logical_JJ format_NN1 before_II data_NN analysis_NN1 could_VM begin_VVI ._. 
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<s>
Firstly_RR the_AT participants_NN2 '_GE answers_NN2 were_VBDR placed_VVN into_II categories_NN2 representing_VVG the_AT three_MC subject_NN1 faculties_NN2 ;_; science_NN1 ,_, social_JJ studies_NN2 and_CC arts_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
For_REX21 example_REX22 ,_, if_CS someone_PN1 put_VVD "_" Chemistry_NN1 "_" as_CSA their_APPGE course_NN1 ,_, this_DD1 would_VM be_VBI recorded_VVN as_CSA science_NN1 and_CC if_CS someone_PN1 put_VVD "_" English_JJ Literature_NN1 "_" as_CSA their_APPGE course_NN1 ,_, this_DD1 would_VM be_VBI recorded_VVN as_CSA arts_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT data_NN concerning_II which_DDQ residences_NN2 the_AT students_NN2 stayed_VVD in_RP during_II their_APPGE first_MD year_NNT1 was_VBDZ grouped_VVN ._. 
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<s>
A_AT1 question_NN1 about_II residences_NN2 was_VBDZ asked_VVN because_CS the_AT number_NN1 of_IO students_NN2 that_CST shared_VVD a_AT1 particular_JJ facility_NN1 may_VM have_VHI influenced_VVN friendship_NN1 formation_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT twelve_MC different_JJ halls_NN2 were_VBDR placed_VVN into_II three_MC categories_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT first_MD category_NN1 contained_VVD halls_NN2 with_IW en-suite_JJ bathrooms_NN2 ,_, the_AT second_MD contained_JJ halls_NN2 with_IW shared_JJ bathrooms_NN2 and_CC fifteen_MC or_CC less_DAR people_NN to_II a_AT1 kitchen_NN1 ,_, and_CC the_AT third_MD category_NN1 contained_VVD halls_NN2 with_IW shared_JJ bathrooms_NN2 and_CC sixteen_MC or_CC more_DAR people_NN to_II a_AT1 kitchen_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
The_AT main_JJ question_NN1 of_IO interest_NN1 was_VBDZ that_CST concerning_VVG how_RRQ the_AT students_NN2 met_VVD each_DD1 of_IO their_APPGE friends_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Although_CS they_PPHS2 were_VBDR given_VVN five_MC options_NN2 to_TO choose_VVI from_II ,_, they_PPHS2 were_VBDR allowed_VVN to_TO tick_VVI more_DAR than_CSN one_MC1 and_CC the_AT "_" other_JJ "_" option_NN1 asked_VVD them_PPHO2 to_TO specify_VVI ._. 
</s>
<s>
More_DAR than_CSN five_MC categories_NN2 were_VBDR therefore_RR required_VVN to_TO collate_VVI the_AT results_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Eight_MC categories_NN2 were_VBDR chosen_VVN in_II all_DB ._. 
</s>
<s>
These_DD2 categories_NN2 are_VBR shown_VVN in_II Table_NN1 1_MC1 along_II21 with_II22 reasons_NN2 for_IF choosing_VVG them_PPHO2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
For_IF the_AT question_NN1 concerning_II proximity_NN1 for_IF students_NN2 who_PNQS shared_VVD a_AT1 kitchen_NN1 with_IW their_APPGE friend_NN1 ,_, seven_MC categories_NN2 were_VBDR used_VVN although_CS eight_MC options_NN2 were_VBDR on_II the_AT questionnaire_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
This_DD1 was_VBDZ because_CS the_AT two_MC options_NN2 "_" next_MD door_NN1 "_" and_CC "_" directly_RR opposite_RL "_" were_VBDR considered_VVN as_CSA identical_JJ distances_NN2 and_CC were_VBDR combined_VVN into_II one_MC1 category_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
For_IF the_AT question_NN1 concerning_II proximity_NN1 for_IF students_NN2 who_PNQS did_VDD not_XX share_VVI a_AT1 kitchen_NN1 with_IW their_APPGE friend_NN1 ,_, three_MC categories_NN2 were_VBDR used_VVN ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT majority_NN1 of_IO students_NN2 wrote_VVD something_PN1 similar_JJ to_II "_" next_MD kitchen_NN1 "_" or_CC "_" same_DA block_NN1 "_" so_RR these_DD2 were_VBDR used_VVN as_CSA categories_NN2 along_II21 with_II22 "_" other_JJ "_" for_IF anyone_PN1 not_XX placed_VVN in_II "_" next_MD kitchen_NN1 "_" or_CC "_" same_DA block_NN1 "_" ._. 
</s>
<s>
This_DD1 study_NN1 found_VVD that_CST friends_NN2 chosen_VVN by_II participants_NN2 were_VBDR more_RGR likely_JJ to_TO have_VHI met_VVN the_AT participant_NN1 by_II living_VVG with_IW them_PPHO2 in_II the_AT first_MD year_NNT1 of_IO study_NN1 than_CSN by_II any_DD other_JJ means_NN ._. 
</s>
<s>
Figure_VV0 1_MC1 shows_VVZ that_CST 177_MC friends_NN2 out_II21 of_II22 434_MC were_VBDR placed_VVN in_II the_AT "_" lived_VVN together_RL in_II 1_MC1 st_NNU year_NNT1 "_" category_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT second_MD most_RGT popular_JJ category_NN1 was_VBDZ "_" on_II your_APPGE course_NN1 "_" with_IW 109_MC friends_NN2 ,_, followed_VVN by_II "_" met_VVD through_II societies_NN2 or_CC sports_NN2 clubs_NN2 "_" with_IW 55_MC friends_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
A_AT1 chi-square_JJ goodness-of-fit_JJ 
</s>
