<s>
AbstractThe_VV0 culture_NN1 of_IO electronic_JJ text_NN1 differs_VVZ from_II that_DD1 of_IO book_NN1 publishing_NN1 and_CC the_AT traditional_JJ roles_NN2 of_IO the_AT publisher_NN1 ,_, editor_NN1 and_CC reader_NN1 are_VBR becoming_VVG irrevocably_RR intertwined_VVN ._. 
</s>
<s>
One_MC1 reason_NN1 for_IF this_DD1 is_VBZ the_AT emergence_NN1 of_IO collaborative_JJ software_NN1 like_II weblogs_NN2 and_CC ,_, in_RR21 particular_RR22 ,_, the_AT "_" wiki_NN2 "_" ._. 
</s>
<s>
Wiki_NP1 comes_VVZ from_II the_AT Hawaiian_JJ word_NN1 for_IF "_" quick_JJ "_" and_CC is_VBZ a_AT1 relatively_RR unstructured_JJ medium_NN1 for_IF distributing_VVG information_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
A_ZZ1 wiki_NN2 is_VBZ made_VVN up_RP of_IO various_JJ hyperlinked_JJ documents_NN2 that_CST can_VM be_VBI collectively_RR edited_VVN using_VVG a_AT1 browser_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
In_II the_AT words_NN2 of_IO Bill_NP1 Walsh_NP1 ,_, "_" In_II the_AT old_JJ days_NNT2 people_NN had_VHD only_RR (_( professionally_RR edited_VVN )_) newspapers_NN2 ,_, magazines_NN2 and_CC books_NN2 from_II which_DDQ to_TO take_VVI their_APPGE usage_NN1 cues_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
In_II the_AT Internet_NN1 world_NN1 everyone_PN1 's_VBZ a_AT1 publisher_NN1 &lsqb;_( ..._... &rsqb;_) 
</s>
<s>
But_CCB if_CS everyone_PN1 's_VBZ a_AT1 publisher_NN1 ,_, can_VM everyone_PN1 afford_VVI an_AT1 editor_NN1 ?_? "_" 
</s>
<s>
(_( "_" Lapsing_VVG into_II a_AT1 Comma_NN1 "_" ,_, Contemporary_JJ Books_NN2 ,_, 2000_MC )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
This_DD1 essay_NN1 examines_VVZ the_AT arguments_NN2 for_IF and_CC against_II the_AT use_NN1 of_IO the_AT wiki_NN2 as_II a_AT1 disseminator_NN1 of_IO knowledge_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Questions_NN2 will_VM be_VBI asked_VVN about_II the_AT accuracy_NN1 of_IO that_DD1 knowledge_NN1 and_CC the_AT societal_JJ impact_NN1 of_IO collaborative_JJ software_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT key_JJ argument_NN1 will_VM explore_VVI if_CSW ,_, with_II31 reference_II32 to_II33 the_AT above_JJ issues_NN2 ,_, the_AT role_NN1 of_IO the_AT publisher_NN1 as_CSA gatekeeper_NN1 is_VBZ really_RR being_VBG undermined_VVN ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT Traditional_JJ Role_NN1 of_IO PublishingThe_NP1 rise_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 print-dominated_JJ society_NN1 in_II Europe_NP1 began_VVD in_II earnest_JJ in_II the_AT 13th_MD century_NNT1 with_IW a_AT1 shift_NN1 away_II21 from_II22 the_AT Church_NN1 's_GE monopoly_NN1 of_IO information_NN1 that_CST existed_VVD during_II the_AT manuscript_NN1 book_NN1 period_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
This_DD1 was_VBDZ initially_RR fuelled_VVN by_II the_AT brave_JJ efforts_NN2 of_IO Wycliffe_NP1 ,_, Luther_NP1 and_CC Tyndale_NP1 whose_DDQGE hard_JJ work_NN1 and_CC sacrifices_NN2 led_VVN to_II ordinary_JJ people_NN being_VBG able_JK to_TO enjoy_VVI the_AT word_NN1 of_IO God_NP1 through_II ownership_NN1 of_IO their_APPGE own_DA copies_NN2 of_IO the_AT Bible_NN1 and_CC in_II a_AT1 language_NN1 other_II21 than_II22 Latin_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
In_II combination_NN1 with_IW reproductions_NN2 of_IO other_JJ classic_JJ texts_NN2 of_IO antiquity_NN1 and_CC ,_, later_RRR ,_, with_IW scientific_JJ advances_NN2 ,_, these_DD2 factors_NN2 led_VVN to_II the_AT development_NN1 of_IO books_NN2 as_CSA elements_NN2 of_IO propaganda_NN1 and_CC religious_JJ education_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
During_II the_AT Middle_JJ Ages_NN2 there_EX were_VBDR many_DA2 social_JJ ,_, political_JJ and_CC economic_JJ changes_NN2 that_CST made_VVD print_NN1 important_JJ ._. 
</s>
<s>
But_CCB it_PPH1 could_VM be_VBI argued_VVN that_CST those_DD2 changes_NN2 might_VM not_XX have_VHI happened_VVN as_CSA quickly_RR ,_, or_CC perhaps_RR at_RR21 all_RR22 ,_, without_IW the_AT availability_NN1 of_IO print_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
In_II the_AT mid_JJ 15th_MD century_NNT1 ,_, things_NN2 begin_VV0 to_TO change_VVI further_RRR with_IW the_AT advent_NN1 of_IO the_AT printing_NN1 press_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT technology_NN1 of_IO the_AT printing_NN1 press_NN1 -_- which_DDQ is_VBZ mainly_RR attributed_VVN to_II Gutenberg_NP1 with_IW his_APPGE idea_NN1 for_IF moveable_JJ type_NN1 -_- coupled_VVN with_IW new_JJ political_JJ and_CC economic_JJ situations_NN2 led_VVN to_II the_AT expansion_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 European-dominated_JJ world_NN1 economy_NN1 and_CC the_AT beginning_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 system_NN1 of_IO international_JJ competition_NN1 in_II the_AT book_NN1 trade_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
At_II a_AT1 time_NNT1 when_RRQ most_DAT ordinary_JJ people_NN were_VBDR illiterate_JJ ,_, they_PPHS2 still_RR had_VHD access_NN1 to_II book_NN1 culture_NN1 because_CS there_EX were_VBDR travelling_VVG raconteurs_NN2 who_PNQS stood_VVD in_II the_AT market_NN1 and_CC read_VVN from_II books_NN2 as_II a_AT1 means_NN of_IO making_VVG a_AT1 living_JJ as_CSA entertainers_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
But_CCB it_PPH1 was_VBDZ the_AT rich_JJ and_CC educated_VVN who_PNQS controlled_VVD society_NN1 and_CC dictated_VVN the_AT kind_NN1 of_IO information_NN1 suitable_JJ for_IF the_AT masses_NN2 ;_; the_AT elite_NN1 were_VBDR the_AT publishers_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Since_II then_RT ,_, publishing_NN1 has_VHZ held_VVN an_AT1 important_JJ place_NN1 in_II establishing_VVG and_CC defining_VVG notion_NN1 of_IO "_" mass_JJ culture_NN1 "_" ._. 
</s>
<s>
It_PPH1 has_VHZ helped_VVN nurture_VVI a_AT1 sense_NN1 of_IO national_JJ identity_NN1 and_CC has_VHZ stimulated_VVN intellectual_JJ and_CC artistic_JJ thought_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT traditional_JJ publisher_NN1 is_VBZ seen_VVN as_II an_AT1 objective_JJ "_" gatekeeper_NN1 "_" with_IW the_AT vital_JJ role_NN1 of_IO choosing_NN1 and_CC distributing_VVG books_NN2 of_IO "_" cultural_JJ significance_NN1 "_" ,_, and_CC has_VHZ been_VBN instrumental_JJ in_II building_VVG a_AT1 literary_JJ heritage_NN1 that_CST can_VM be_VBI enjoyed_VVN by_II all_DB ._. 
</s>
<s>
But_CCB during_II the_AT 20th_MD century_NNT1 ,_, and_CC with_IW the_AT rise_NN1 of_IO the_AT Internet_NN1 ,_, the_AT publishing_NN1 industry_NN1 became_VVD widely_RR criticised_VVN for_IF its_APPGE part_NN1 in_II promoting_VVG elitism_NN1 in_II book_NN1 culture_NN1 and_CC thereby_RR helping_VVG to_TO reinforce_VVI divisions_NN2 in_II both_RR gender_NN1 and_CC class_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT Cultural_JJ Impact_NN1 of_IO the_AT InternetThe_NN1 World_NN1 Wide_JJ Web_NN1 is_VBZ the_AT most_RGT collaborative_JJ multi-cultural_JJ project_NN1 in_II the_AT history_NN1 of_IO mankind_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Millions_NNO2 of_IO people_NN have_VH0 contributed_VVN personal_JJ homepages_NN2 ,_, weblogs_NN2 (_( blogs_VVZ )_) ,_, wiki_NN2 pages_NN2 and_CC other_JJ sites_NN2 to_II the_AT growing_JJ body_NN1 of_IO human_JJ expression_NN1 available_JJ online_JJ ._. 
</s>
<s>
Jay_NP1 David_NP1 Bolter_NP1 and_CC Richard_NP1 Lanham_NP1 maintain_VV0 that_CST the_AT Internet_NN1 is_VBZ inherently_RR a_AT1 democratic_JJ medium_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Its_APPGE users_NN2 have_VH0 the_AT freedom_NN1 to_TO express_VVI their_APPGE thoughts_NN2 and_CC ideas_NN2 ,_, and_CC have_VH0 gained_VVN more_DAR power_NN1 in_II getting_VVG access_NN1 to_II information_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT Internet_NN1 is_VBZ a_AT1 web_NN1 of_IO networks_NN2 and_CC censorship_NN1 and_CC control_NN1 of_IO information_NN1 is_VBZ difficult_JJ ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT traditional_JJ face_NN1 of_IO the_AT publisher_NN1 and_CC author_NN1 is_VBZ now_RT changing_VVG ._. 
</s>
<s>
Bolter_NP1 stated_VVD that_CST "_" As_CS31 long_CS32 as_CS33 the_AT printed_JJ book_NN1 remains_VVZ the_AT primary_JJ medium_NN1 of_IO literature_NN1 ,_, traditional_JJ views_NN2 of_IO the_AT author_NN1 as_CSA authority_NN1 and_CC of_IO literature_NN1 as_CSA monument_NN1 will_VM remain_VVI convincing_JJ for_IF most_DAT readers_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT electronic_JJ medium_NN1 ,_, however_RR ,_, threatens_VVZ to_TO bring_VVI down_RP the_AT whole_JJ edifice_NN1 at_RR21 once_RR22 ._. 
</s>
<s>
It_PPH1 complicates_VVZ our_APPGE understanding_NN1 of_IO literature_NN1 as_CSA either_RR mimesis_NN1 or_CC expression_NN1 ,_, it_PPH1 denies_VVZ the_AT fixity_NN1 of_IO the_AT text_NN1 ,_, and_CC it_PPH1 questions_VVZ the_AT authority_NN1 of_IO the_AT author_NN1 ._. "_" 
</s>
<s>
Information_NN1 in_II book_NN1 form_NN1 assumes_VVZ some_DD sort_NN1 of_IO narrative_NN1 in_II a_AT1 linear_JJ structure_NN1 with_IW a_AT1 beginning_NN1 ,_, middle_JJ and_CC end_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
In_II a_AT1 book_NN1 ,_, footnotes_NN2 ,_, indices_NN2 and_CC other_JJ forms_NN2 of_IO non-sequential_JJ writing_NN1 are_VBR irritating_JJ to_TO refer_VVI to_II and_CC distract_VVI the_AT reader_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Electronic_JJ text_NN1 (_( or_CC hypertext_NN1 )_) on_II the_AT Internet_NN1 can_VM be_VBI read_VVN in_II many_DA2 ways_NN2 ,_, enabling_VVG writers_NN2 to_II interconnect_NN1 events_NN2 in_II a_AT1 non-sequential_JJ way_NN1 ,_, without_RR there_EX being_VBG any_RR obvious_JJ start_NN1 or_CC finish_VV0 point_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
All_DB knowledge_NN1 is_VBZ presented_VVN as_CSA having_VHG equal_JJ status_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
As_CSA Landow_NP1 puts_VVZ it_PPH1 ,_, "_" hypertext_NN1 is_VBZ the_AT perfect_JJ medium_NN1 for_IF expressing_VVG the_AT postmodern_JJ cultural/literary_JJ theory_NN1 ._. "_" 
</s>
<s>
Weblogs_NN2 and_CC the_AT Individual_NN1 as_CSA PublisherBefore_NP1 "_" blogging_NN1 "_" became_VVD popular_JJ ,_, digital_JJ communities_NN2 took_VVD many_DA2 forms_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
These_DD2 included_VVD Usenet_NP1 ,_, e-mail_NN1 lists_NN2 and_CC bulletin_NN1 boards_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
In_II the_AT 1990s_MC2 ,_, Internet_NP1 forum_NN1 software_NN1 such_II21 as_II22 WebX_NP1 created_VVD running_JJ conversations_NN2 with_IW threads_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Blogging_NP1 combines_VVZ a_AT1 personal_JJ Web_NN1 page_NN1 with_IW tools_NN2 ,_, specifically_RR blogrolls_VVZ and_CC TrackBacks_NP1 ,_, to_TO make_VVI linking_VVG to_II other_JJ pages_NN2 easier_RRR -_- A_AT1 blogroll_NN1 is_VBZ a_AT1 collection_NN1 of_IO links_NN2 to_II other_JJ weblogs_NN2 ,_, whileTrackBack_NN1 is_VBZ a_AT1 system_NN1 implemented_VVN by_II many_DA2 blogging_JJ tools_NN2 ,_, including_II Movable_JJ Type_NN1 and_CC WordPress_NP1 ,_, which_DDQ allow_VV0 a_AT1 blogger_NN1 to_TO check_VVI who_PNQS has_VHZ seen_VVN the_AT original_JJ post_NN1 and_CC who_PNQS has_VHZ written_VVN another_DD1 entry_NN1 concerning_II it_PPH1 -_- The_AT system_NN1 works_VVZ by_II providing_VVG an_AT1 alert_JJ between_II blogs_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
This_DD1 way_NN1 ,_, instead_CS21 of_CS22 there_EX being_VBG more_DAR than_CSN one_MC1 person_NN1 in_II control_NN1 of_IO threads_NN2 on_II a_AT1 forum_NN1 ,_, or_CC having_VHG anyone_PN1 able_JK to_TO start_VVI threads_NN2 on_II a_AT1 list_NN1 ,_, there_EX is_VBZ a_AT1 moderating_JJ effect_NN1 that_CST is_VBZ the_AT personality_NN1 of_IO the_AT weblog_NN1 's_GE owner_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
More_RGR recently_RR ,_, this_DD1 moderation_NN1 extended_VVN to_II a_AT1 court_NN1 ruling_NN1 ordering_NN1 three_MC bloggers_VVZ to_TO reveal_VVI their_APPGE sources_NN2 behind_II advance_NN1 product_NN1 information_NN1 published_VVN in_II two_MC online_JJ publications_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
See_VV0 URL_VV0 The_AT term_NN1 "_" weblog_NN1 "_" was_VBDZ coined_VVN by_II Jorn_NP1 Barger_NP1 in_II December_NPM1 1997_MC ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT shorter_JJR version_NN1 ,_, "_" blog_VV0 ,_, "_" was_VBDZ coined_VVN by_II Peter_NP1 Merholz_NP1 ,_, who_PNQS ,_, in_II 1999_MC ,_, broke_VVD the_AT word_NN1 weblog_NN1 into_II the_AT phrase_NN1 "_" we_PPIS2 blog_VV0 "_" in_II the_AT sidebar_NN1 of_IO his_APPGE weblog_NN1 (_( URL_NP1 )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
In_II 2003_MC ,_, the_AT Oxford_NP1 English_JJ Dictionary_NN1 included_VVD the_AT terms_NN2 "_" weblog_VV0 "_" ,_, "_" weblogging_VVG "_" and_CC "_" weblogger_VV0 "_" in_II its_APPGE new_JJ edition_NN1 (_( URL_NP1 )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Wikis_NN1 and_CC Collaborative_JJ PublishingSven_NN1 Birkerts_VVZ in_II his_APPGE book_NN1 The_AT Gutenberg_NP1 Elegies_NN2 regards_VVZ hypertext_NN1 as_II a_AT1 means_NN by_II which_DDQ all_DB knowledge_NN1 is_VBZ offered_VVN as_II a_AT1 "_" souped-up_JJ cognitive_JJ collage_NN1 "_" ._. 
</s>
<s>
He_PPHS1 could_VM have_VHI been_VBN talking_VVG about_II the_AT wiki_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Wikis_NN1 improve_VV0 collaboration_NN1 via_II a_AT1 shared_JJ workspace_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
This_DD1 shared_JJ workspace_NN1 is_VBZ essentially_RR a_AT1 hyperlinked_JJ blackboard_NN1 that_CST can_VM be_VBI accessed_VVN and_CC changed_VVN using_VVG the_AT same_DA simple_JJ browser-based_JJ user_NN1 interface_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT idea_NN1 behind_II wikis_NN1 is_VBZ to_TO make_VVI them_PPHO2 as_CSA easy_JJ to_TO write_VVI as_CSA they_PPHS2 are_VBR to_TO read_VVI ._. 
</s>
<s>
Any_DD user_NN1 who_PNQS looks_VVZ at_II any_DD page_NN1 on_II a_AT1 wiki_NN2 Web_NN1 site_NN1 can_VM easily_RR change_VVI it_PPH1 ,_, remove_VV0 it_PPH1 ,_, link_VV0 from_II it_PPH1 or_CC link_VV0 to_II it_PPH1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
This_DD1 ease_NN1 of_IO use_NN1 and_CC conceptual_JJ simplicity_NN1 can_VM encourage_VVI user_NN1 contributions_NN2 and_CC lead_VVI to_TO significantly_RR more_DAR knowledge_NN1 sharing_VVG and_CC more_RGR intense_JJ collaboration_NN1 ,_, which_DDQ ultimately_RR ,_, it_PPH1 is_VBZ thought_VVN ,_, will_VM foster_VVI creativity_NN1 and_CC innovation_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Four_MC properties_NN2 define_VV0 a_AT1 wiki-style_JJ collaboration_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Users_NN2 can_VM make_VVI changes_NN2 Wikis_NN1 ,_, by_II default_NN1 ,_, make_VV0 writing_NN1 ,_, structuring_NN1 and_CC styling_NN1 capabilities_NN2 available_JJ to_II all_DB users_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
"_" Edit_VV0 this_DD1 page_NN1 "_" links_NN2 appear_VV0 on_II every_AT1 page_NN1 ,_, which_DDQ encourage_VV0 users_NN2 to_TO make_VVI changes_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT ability_NN1 to_II easily_RR track_NN1 who_PNQS made_VVD what_DDQ changes_NN2 and_CC to_TO refer_VVI back_RP to_II previous_JJ versions_NN2 balances_VVZ out_RP the_AT lack_NN1 of_IO explicit_JJ control_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Simple_JJ markup_NN1 for_IF formatting_VVG and_CC linking_VVG New_JJ content_NN1 can_VM be_VBI added_VVN using_VVG browser_NN1 forms_NN2 (_( typically_RR in_II plain_JJ text_NN1 )_) ,_, which_DDQ are_VBR formatted_VVN using_VVG a_AT1 simple_JJ markup_NN1 language_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Easily_RR remembered_VVN names_NN2 -_- usually_RR the_AT page_NN1 title_NN1 -_- are_VBR used_VVN to_TO create_VVI clickable_JJ links_NN2 between_II any_DD two_MC pages_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT user_NN1 works_VVZ only_RR with_IW the_AT intuitive_JJ logical_JJ structure_NN1 of_IO the_AT Web_NN1 site_NN1 (_( that_REX21 is_REX22 ,_, the_AT same_DA structure_NN1 that_CST is_VBZ used_VVN for_IF navigation_NN1 )_) without_IW any_DD need_NN1 to_TO understand_VVI how_RRQ content_NN1 is_VBZ stored_VVN ._. 
</s>
<s>
Visible_JJ change_NN1 histories_NN2 Previous_JJ versions_NN2 of_IO changed_JJ content_NN1 are_VBR available_JJ as_CSA links_VVZ on_II each_DD1 page_NN1 ,_, along_II21 with_II22 timestamps_NN2 and_CC details_NN2 of_IO who_PNQS made_VVD the_AT change_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
And_CC "_" diff'ing_VVG "_" tools_NN2 can_VM used_VMK to_TO display_VVI and_CC color-code_NN1 the_AT differences_NN2 between_II any_DD two_MC versions_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Users_NN2 can_VM set_VVI up_RP e-mail_NN1 notifications_NN2 or_CC Really_RR Simple_JJ Syndication_NN1 (_( RSS_NP1 )_) feeds_VVZ to_TO alert_VVI them_PPHO2 to_II changes_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT visible_JJ change_NN1 trails_VVZ that_CST accompany_VV0 all_DB activity_NN1 add_VV0 transparency_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
They_PPHS2 also_RR incorporate_VV0 a_AT1 roll-back_NN1 capability_NN1 so_CS21 that_CS22 erroneous_JJ changes_NN2 can_VM be_VBI removed_VVN ._. 
</s>
<s>
This_DD1 is_VBZ essential_JJ in_II limiting_VVG the_AT amount_NN1 of_IO damage_NN1 that_CST less-sophisticated_JJ ,_, non_FU co-operative_JJ or_CC malicious_JJ contributors_NN2 can_VM inflict_VVI ._. 
</s>
<s>
For_IF an_AT1 example_NN1 of_IO this_DD1 see_VV0 URL_VV0 This_DD1 link_NN1 provides_VVZ a_AT1 very_RG interesting_JJ eight-minute_JJ look_NN1 at_II how_RRQ a_AT1 Wikipedia_NN1 entry_NN1 gets_VVZ built_VVN and_CC built_VVD again_RT (_( just_RR click_VV0 on_II the_AT "_" history_NN1 "_" button_NN1 to_TO view_VVI )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
But_CCB it_PPH1 also_RR shows_VVZ how_RRQ easily_RR the_AT system_NN1 can_VM be_VBI abused_VVN ._. 
</s>
<s>
Please_RR be_VB0 aware_JJ that_CST some_DD of_IO this_DD1 content_NN1 is_VBZ of_IO an_AT1 adult_NN1 nature_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Built-in_JJ ,_, dynamic_JJ ,_, Web_NN1 site_NN1 functionality_NN1 A_ZZ1 wiki_NN2 's_GE main_JJ role_NN1 is_VBZ in_II rendering_VVG text_NN1 markup_NN1 into_II HTML_NP1 (_( Hypertext_NP1 Markup_NP1 Language_NN1 )_) ,_, maintaining_VVG links_NN2 and_CC keeping_VVG revision_NN1 histories_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
But_CCB wiki_NN2 engines_NN2 typically_RR include_VV0 a_AT1 number_NN1 of_IO other_JJ dynamic_JJ Web_NN1 site_NN1 features_NN2 including_II full_JJ text_NN1 search_NN1 ;_; automatic_JJ navigation_NN1 links_NN2 ;_; design_NN1 templates_NN2 ;_; PDF_NP1 (_( Portable_JJ Document_NN1 Format_NN1 )_) or_CC RSS_NP1 export_NN1 ;_; per-page_JJ discussion_NN1 functionality_NN1 ;_; basic_JJ analytics_NN2 ,_, such_II21 as_II22 most_DAT visited_VVD ,_, most_RRT changed_VVN ,_, recently_RR updated_VVN or_CC referenced_VVD by_RP ;_; personalization_NN1 ,_, based_VVN on_II user_NN1 preferences_NN2 ;_; and_CC add-ons_NN2 such_II21 as_II22 blogging_VVG tools_NN2 and_CC event_NN1 calendars_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Wikis_NN1 are_VBR simple_JJ enough_RR to_TO be_VBI used_VVN with_IW little_DA1 training_NN1 or_CC administrative_JJ support_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Contributors_NN2 are_VBR encouraged_VVN to_TO "_" publish_VVI "_" as_RG early_RR as_CSA possible_JJ ._. 
</s>
<s>
And_CC their_APPGE peers_NN2 can_VM fix_VVI any_DD errors_NN2 that_CST contributors_NN2 may_VM make_VVI ,_, without_IW having_VHG to_TO ask_VVI permission_NN1 first_MD ._. 
</s>
<s>
Wikis_NN1 are_VBR significant_JJ because_CS they_PPHS2 bring_VV0 together_RL authorial_JJ ,_, collaborative_JJ and_CC administrative_JJ functionality_NN1 ,_, simplify_VV0 it_PPH1 ,_, and_CC make_VV0 it_PPH1 a_AT1 natural_JJ part_NN1 of_IO the_AT navigational_JJ and_CC reading_VVG experience_NN1 for_IF any_DD end_NN1 user_NN1 who_PNQS cares_VVZ to_TO use_VVI it_PPH1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
This_DD1 encourages_VVZ passive_JJ readers_NN2 to_TO become_VVI active_JJ contributors_NN2 by_II leaving_VVG comments_NN2 ,_, making_VVG changes_NN2 and_CC even_RR reorganizing_VVG or_CC streamlining_VVG the_AT site_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT wiki_NN2 concept_NN1 was_VBDZ originally_RR developed_VVN by_II Ward_NP1 Cunningham_NP1 in_II 1995_MC ._. 
</s>
<s>
Since_II then_RT ,_, dozens_NNO2 of_IO wiki_NN2 implementations_NN2 have_VH0 been_VBN promoted_VVN ,_, including_II a_AT1 number_NN1 of_IO open-source_JJ projects_NN2 like_II OpenWiki_NP1 (_( URL_NP1 )_) and_CC Kwiki_NP1 (_( URL_NP1 )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Wikipedia_NP1 (_( URL_NP1 )_) is_VBZ one_MC1 of_IO the_AT largest_JJT voluntary_JJ efforts_NN2 in_II distributed_JJ authorship_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
It_PPH1 was_VBDZ founded_VVN in_II 2001_MC by_II Larry_NP1 Sanger_NP1 and_CC Jimmy_NP1 Wales_NP1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
As_II21 of_II22 December_NPM1 2004_MC ,_, there_EX were_VBDR 13,000_MC active_JJ contributors_NN2 working_VVG on_RP over_RG 1,300,000_MC articles_NN2 in_II more_DAR than_CSN 100_MC languages_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Wikipedia_NN1 articles_NN2 tend_VV0 to_TO be_VBI neutral_JJ in_II tone_NN1 ,_, and_CC when_CS the_AT topic_NN1 is_VBZ controversial_JJ the_AT varying_JJ viewpoints_NN2 are_VBR explained_VVN in_II31 addition_II32 to_II33 offering_VVG the_AT basic_JJ facts_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
When_CS anyone_PN1 can_VM edit_VVI what_DDQ you_PPY 've_VH0 just_RR posted_VVN ,_, such_DA fairness_NN1 becomes_VVZ essential_JJ ._. 
</s>
<s>
But_CCB these_DD2 different_JJ viewpoints_NN2 are_VBR not_XX necessarily_RR authoritative_JJ ._. 
</s>
<s>
Wikis_NN1 Are_VBR One_MC1 Step_VV0 Up_RP From_II BlogsA_NP1 lot_NN1 of_IO the_AT value_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 blog_NN1 network_NN1 is_VBZ the_AT social_JJ hub_NN1 that_CST is_VBZ built_VVN from_II relationships_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
People_NN read_VV0 each_DD1 others_NN2 '_GE blogs_NN2 to_TO see_VVI what_DDQ their_APPGE friends_NN2 and_CC acquaintances_NN2 are_VBR up_II21 to_II22 ,_, and_CC then_RT they_PPHS2 add_VV0 value_NN1 by_II linking_VVG ,_, commenting_VVG and_CC elaborating_VVG on_II what_DDQ has_VHZ already_RR been_VBN posted_VVN ._. 
</s>
<s>
Similar_JJ social_JJ interactions_NN2 take_VV0 place_NN1 in_II wikis_NN1 ,_, but_CCB at_II a_AT1 faster_JJR pace_NN1 and_CC with_IW a_AT1 more_RGR intensely_RR collaborative_JJ feel_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
"_" Wikis_NN1 are_VBR based_VVN on_II emergent_JJ intelligence_NN1 and_CC knowledge_NN1 :_: the_AT belief_NN1 that_CST the_AT best_JJT results_NN2 come_VV0 from_II allowing_VVG decisions_NN2 to_TO emerge_VVI bottom-up_NN1 ,_, in_II a_AT1 relatively_RR free-form_JJ interchange_NN1 between_II the_AT participants_NN2 of_IO a_AT1 group_NN1 ,_, with_IW only_RR a_AT1 light-handed_JJ editorial_NN1 or_CC managerial_JJ top-down_JJ control_NN1 being_VBG applied_VVN "_" (_( URL_NP1 )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Because_CS so_RG few_DA2 restrictions_NN2 are_VBR placed_VVN on_II participants_NN2 ,_, members_NN2 of_IO a_AT1 project_NN1 group_NN1 may_VM feel_VVI they_PPHS2 have_VH0 to_TO exercise_VVI some_DD form_NN1 of_IO censorship_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
This_DD1 could_VM take_VVI the_AT form_NN1 of_IO building_VVG up_RP some_DD of_IO the_AT minimalist_NN1 forms_NN2 of_IO wiki_NN2 components_NN2 ,_, correcting_VVG the_AT grammar_NN1 and_CC syntax_NN1 of_IO other_JJ contributors_NN2 '_GE articles_NN2 ,_, or_CC persuading_VVG others_NN2 to_TO accept_VVI your_APPGE viewpoints_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
This_DD1 interaction_NN1 between_II contributors_NN2 ,_, united_VVN in_II a_AT1 shared_JJ idea_NN1 ,_, helps_NN2 build_VVI important_JJ social_JJ ties_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Jay_NP1 David_NP1 Bolter_NP1 in_II Writing_VVG Space_NN1 talks_NN2 about_II the_AT "_" interactive_JJ relationship_NN1 "_" between_II the_AT author_NN1 and_CC the_AT reader_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
With_IW Wikipedia_NP1 ,_, for_REX21 example_REX22 ,_, different_JJ texts_NN2 from_II different_JJ genres_NN2 can_VM be_VBI interlinked_VVN with_IW a_AT1 contributor_NN1 's_GE own_DA work_NN1 to_TO present_VVI an_AT1 entirely_RR new_JJ offering_NN1 ,_, and_CC thereby_RR merging_VVG the_AT usual_JJ barriers_NN2 between_II author_NN1 and_CC reader_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
"_" Boundaries_NN2 between_II culture_NN1 producer_NN1 and_CC cultural_JJ consumer_NN1 break_VV0 down_RP ._. "_" 
</s>
<s>
Analysis_NN1 of_IO the_AT Impact_NN1 of_IO Collaborative_JJ PublishingOne_NN1 of_IO the_AT most_RGT serious_JJ concerns_NN2 about_II collaborative_JJ authorship_NN1 is_VBZ whether_CSW31 or_CSW32 not_CSW33 the_AT content_NN1 can_VM be_VBI trusted_VVN ._. 
</s>
<s>
In_II the_AT absence_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 publishing_NN1 gatekeeper_NN1 ,_, an_AT1 anonymous_JJ group_NN1 author_NN1 is_VBZ unlikely_JJ to_TO have_VHI the_AT same_DA clout_NN1 as_CSA a_AT1 renowned_JJ single_JJ author_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
If_CS a_AT1 writer_NN1 is_VBZ perceived_VVN by_II the_AT reader_NN1 to_TO be_VBI an_AT1 authority_NN1 on_II a_AT1 subject_NN1 ,_, then_RT the_AT information_NN1 that_CST the_AT writer_NN1 gives_VVZ out_RP is_VBZ almost_RR always_RR seen_VVN as_CSA content_JJ that_CST can_VM be_VBI relied_VVN upon_II ._. 
</s>
<s>
Wikimedia_NP1 (_( URL_NP1 )_) ,_, the_AT non-profit_JJ organisation_NN1 that_CST initiated_VVD Wikipedia_NP1 and_CC other_JJ associated_JJ sites_NN2 ,_, addresses_VVZ these_DD2 concerns_NN2 by_II offering_VVG a_AT1 model_NN1 for_IF peer_NN1 review_NN1 of_IO any_DD collaborative_JJ authorship_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
All_DB articles_NN2 submitted_VVN to_II Wikipedia_NP1 undergo_VV0 peer_NN1 review_NN1 and_CC any_DD amendments_NN2 are_VBR saved_VVN and_CC linked_JJ ._. 
</s>
<s>
It_PPH1 is_VBZ thought_VVN that_CST ,_, eventually_RR ,_, this_DD1 constant_JJ editing_NN1 will_VM allow_VVI readers_NN2 to_TO trust_VVI the_AT content_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT intention_NN1 of_IO the_AT Wikimedia_NP1 organisation_NN1 is_VBZ to_TO create_VVI a_AT1 neutral_JJ territory_NN1 where_RRQ ,_, through_II open_JJ debate_NN1 ,_, agreements_NN2 can_VM be_VBI made_VVN on_II even_RR the_AT most_RGT contentious_JJ of_IO topics_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT Wikimedia_NP1 authoring_VVG system_NN1 sets_VVZ up_RP a_AT1 democratic_JJ round-table_JJ where_CS "_" contributors_NN2 construct_VV0 their_APPGE own_DA rulespace_NN1 and_CC policies_NN2 emerge_VV0 from_II consensus-based_NN1 ,_, rather_II21 than_II22 top-down_JJ processes_NN2 "_" (_( URL_NP1 )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
Therefore_RR the_AT authority_NN1 of_IO Wikimedia_NP1 's_GE collaborative_JJ offering_NN1 depends_VVZ partly_RR on_II a_AT1 communal_JJ "_" self-policing_JJ "_" principle_NN1 that_CST is_VBZ defined_VVN and_CC imposed_VVN by_II group_NN1 members_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
As_CSA Wikipedia_NP1 co-founder_NN1 ,_, Jimmy_NP1 Wales_NP1 ,_, puts_VVZ it_PPH1 ,_, "_" The_AT incentive_NN1 for_IF behaviour_NN1 in_II a_AT1 wiki_NN2 is_VBZ to_TO write_VVI in_II such_DA a_AT1 way_NN1 that_CST your_APPGE writing_NN1 can_VM survive_VVI ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT only_JJ way_NN1 it_PPH1 can_VM survive_VVI is_VBZ if_CS your_APPGE writing_NN1 is_VBZ acceptable_JJ to_II an_AT1 extremely_RR wide_JJ audience_NN1 ._. "_" 
</s>
<s>
(_( URL_NP1 )_) The_AT collaborative_JJ authoring_JJ environment_NN1 created_VVN by_II the_AT Web_NN1 will_VM make_VVI even_RR more_RGR ambitious_JJ and_CC far-reaching_JJ projects_NN2 possible_JJ ._. 
</s>
<s>
Projects_NN2 like_II the_AT Semantic_JJ Web_NN1 ,_, which_DDQ aims_VVZ to_TO make_VVI all_DB content_JJ searchable_JJ by_II allowing_VVG users_NN2 to_TO assign_VVI semantic_JJ meaning_NN1 to_II their_APPGE work_NN1 ,_, are_VBR set_VVN to_TO organize_VVI the_AT phenomenal_JJ output_NN1 of_IO collaborative_JJ networks_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Possible_JJ Consequences_NN2 of_IO the_AT Loss_NN1 of_IO the_AT GatekeeperIn_NN1 traditional_JJ publishing_NN1 ,_, authors_NN2 of_IO the_AT printed_JJ word_NN1 can_VM dictate_VVI how_RRQ their_APPGE books_NN2 are_VBR structured_VVN and_CC therefore_RR can_VM establish_VVI ,_, to_II a_AT1 great_JJ extent_NN1 ,_, how_RRQ those_DD2 books_NN2 are_VBR read_VVN ._. 
</s>
<s>
In_II turn_NN1 ,_, the_AT publisher_NN1 is_VBZ able_JK to_TO exercise_VVI control_NN1 over_II the_AT form_NN1 of_IO the_AT final_JJ published_JJ work_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Bolter_NP1 sees_VVZ hypertext_NN1 as_CSA being_VBG basically_RR unstable_JJ and_CC its_APPGE ability_NN1 to_II interconnect_NN1 different_JJ Web_NN1 sites_NN2 into_II one_MC1 long_JJ link_NN1 indicates_VVZ a_AT1 shift_NN1 in_II power_NN1 from_II author_NN1 to_II reader_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
He_PPHS1 maintains_VVZ that_CST electronic_JJ text_NN1 offers_VVZ the_AT reader_NN1 the_AT possibility_NN1 of_IO controlling_VVG their_APPGE own_DA path_NN1 through_II a_AT1 text_NN1 ,_, without_IW intervention_NN1 from_II the_AT author_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
In_II this_DD1 way_NN1 ,_, the_AT authority_NN1 of_IO the_AT writer_NN1 is_VBZ undermined_VVN ._. 
</s>
<s>
Wikis_NN1 ,_, and_CC other_JJ forms_NN2 of_IO collaborative_JJ authorship_NN1 ,_, empower_VV0 the_AT reader_NN1 and_CC are_VBR seen_VVN as_CSA responsible_JJ for_IF challenging_VVG the_AT long-standing_JJ literary_JJ norm_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
"_" The_AT process_NN1 of_IO gatekeeping_VVG ,_, which_DDQ is_VBZ so_RG integral_JJ to_II publishing_NN1 ,_, has_VHZ been_VBN challenged_VVN by_II postmodern_JJ thought_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
If_CS there_EX are_VBR no_AT absolute_JJ standards_NN2 ,_, no_AT rights_NN2 or_CC wrongs_NN2 ,_, no_AT absolute_JJ good_JJ or_CC bad_JJ ,_, then_RT the_AT role_NN1 of_IO the_AT publisher_NN1 is_VBZ defunct_JJ and_CC redundant_JJ ._. "_" 
</s>
<s>
(_( URL_NP1 publishing/culture_NN1 )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT Internet_NN1 ,_, as_CSA a_AT1 collaboratively_RR authored_JJ "_" book_NN1 "_" offers_VVZ opportunities_NN2 for_IF publishing_VVG without_IW a_AT1 gatekeeper_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Information_NN1 is_VBZ no_RR21 longer_RR22 censored_VVN or_CC judged_VVN according_II21 to_II22 its_APPGE value_NN1 ,_, and_CC there_EX are_VBR few_DA2 ,_, if_CS any_DD ,_, restrictions_NN2 on_II who_PNQS can_VM access_VVI what_DDQ ._. 
</s>
<s>
Electronic_JJ text_NN1 is_VBZ also_RR very_RG hard_JJ for_IF author_NN1 or_CC publisher_NN1 to_TO control_VVI ._. 
</s>
<s>
It_PPH1 is_VBZ easy_JJ to_TO change_VVI ,_, both_RR textually_RR and_CC typographically_RR ._. 
</s>
<s>
Because_CS electronic_JJ text_NN1 can_VM be_VBI so_RG easily_RR altered_VVN ,_, copyright_NN1 infringements_NN2 on_II the_AT Internet_NN1 are_VBR widespread_JJ and_CC cases_NN2 of_IO piracy_NN1 are_VBR very_RG hard_JJ to_TO pin_VVI down_RP ._. 
</s>
<s>
Copyright_NN1 is_VBZ the_AT legal_JJ means_NN of_IO protecting_VVG expression_NN1 and_CC it_PPH1 underpins_VVZ the_AT practice_NN1 of_IO publishing_NN1 and_CC authorship_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
But_CCB the_AT rights_NN2 of_IO authors_NN2 and_CC publishers_NN2 ,_, established_VVN through_II many_DA2 years_NNT2 of_IO copyright_NN1 legislation_NN1 ,_, are_VBR in_II danger_NN1 of_IO being_VBG diluted_VVN by_II the_AT activities_NN2 of_IO collaborative_JJ publishing_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Richard_NP1 Lanham_NP1 states_VVZ in_II his_APPGE book_NN1 The_AT Digital_JJ Word_NN1 "_" Copyright_NN1 law_NN1 is_VBZ a_AT1 creation_NN1 of_IO print_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT electronic_JJ word_NN1 does_VDZ not_XX fit_VVI into_II the_AT existing_JJ copyright_NN1 marketplace_NN1 "_" ._. 
</s>
<s>
ConclusionIn_NN1 the_AT world_NN1 of_IO the_AT wiki_NN2 ,_, the_AT superior_JJ standings_NN2 of_IO the_AT author_NN1 and_CC publisher_NN1 are_VBR demoted_VVN to_II the_AT level_NN1 of_IO the_AT general_JJ reader_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
No_RR21 longer_RR22 is_VBZ the_AT publisher_NN1 seen_VVN as_II a_AT1 cultural_JJ authority_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
To_II traditionalists_NN2 ,_, the_AT publishing_NN1 process_NN1 is_VBZ "_" democratised_VVN "_" ,_, and_CC the_AT role_NN1 of_IO publisher_NN1 as_CSA gatekeeper_NN1 is_VBZ rendered_VVN outmoded_JJ ._. 
</s>
<s>
While_CS it_PPH1 is_VBZ certainly_RR true_JJ that_CST the_AT Internet_NN1 has_VHZ largely_RR done_VDN away_RL with_IW the_AT traditional_JJ role_NN1 of_IO the_AT gatekeeper_NN1 as_CSA most_DAT of_IO us_PPIO2 know_VV0 it_PPH1 ,_, the_AT reality_NN1 is_VBZ that_CST the_AT culture_NN1 of_IO publishing_NN1 and_CC the_AT gatekeeping_JJ role_NN1 is_VBZ alive_JJ and_CC well_JJ ._. 
</s>
<s>
When_CS new_JJ software_NN1 made_VVD it_PPH1 easier_JJR for_IF everyone_PN1 to_TO create_VVI their_APPGE own_DA Web_NN1 sites_NN2 or_CC to_TO take_VVI part_NN1 in_II online_JJ discussion_NN1 groups_NN2 there_EX was_VBDZ a_AT1 huge_JJ rush_NN1 to_TO "_" be_VBI published_VVN "_" ._. 
</s>
<s>
Getting_VVG your_APPGE name_NN1 on_II the_AT World_NN1 Wide_JJ Web_NN1 was_VBDZ all_DB that_CST mattered_VVD and_CC censorship_NN1 became_VVD a_AT1 matter_NN1 of_IO some_DD irrelevance_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Who_PNQS cared_VVD whether_CSW the_AT spelling_NN1 and_CC grammar_NN1 was_VBDZ n't_XX quite_RG right_JJ ?_? 
</s>
<s>
People_NN were_VBDR more_RGR concerned_JJ about_II disseminating_VVG information_NN1 to_II anyone_PN1 who_PNQS bothered_VVD to_TO hit_VVI their_APPGE home_NN1 page_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
However_RR ,_, the_AT advent_NN1 of_IO the_AT wiki_NN2 has_VHZ gone_VVN some_DD way_NN1 to_II halting_VVG this_DD1 stream_NN1 of_IO unauthorised_JJ information_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
We_PPIS2 've_VH0 already_RR examined_VVN the_AT physical_JJ properties_NN2 of_IO the_AT wiki_NN2 in_II31 terms_II32 of_II33 its_APPGE functionality_NN1 ,_, and_CC its_APPGE editing_NN1 ,_, formatting_VVG and_CC linking_VVG capabilities_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
We_PPIS2 know_VV0 what_DDQ it_PPH1 can_VM offer_VVI the_AT user_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
It_PPH1 's_VHZ already_RR been_VBN said_VVN that_CST any_DD user_NN1 can_VM make_VVI any_DD number_NN1 of_IO changes_NN2 to_II any_DD article_NN1 submitted_VVN to_II a_AT1 wiki_NN2 site_NN1 and_CC that_CST many_DA2 of_IO these_DD2 changes_NN2 may_VM not_XX be_VBI authoritative_JJ ._. 
</s>
<s>
But_CCB human_JJ nature_NN1 is_VBZ such_CS21 that_CS22 ,_, if_CS a_AT1 mistake_NN1 crops_NN2 up_RP on_II a_AT1 wiki_NN2 ,_, someone_PN1 will_VM invariably_RR spot_VVI the_AT error_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Armed_VVN with_IW the_AT ability_NN1 to_TO use_VVI the_AT editing_NN1 software_NN1 that_CST comes_VVZ with_IW the_AT wiki_NN2 ,_, pedants_NN2 can_VM correct_VVI the_AT mistake_NN1 almost_RR immediately_CS it_PPH1 's_VBZ noticed_VVN ._. 
</s>
<s>
With_IW the_AT printed_JJ word_NN1 ,_, a_AT1 similar_JJ mistake_NN1 might_VM be_VBI found_VVN ,_, but_CCB the_AT reader_NN1 has_VHZ no_AT power_NN1 to_TO correct_VVI it_PPH1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
If_CS the_AT publisher_NN1 notices_VVZ the_AT mistake_NN1 ,_, they_PPHS2 have_VH0 to_TO wait_VVI until_CS the_AT book_NN1 is_VBZ about_RPK to_TO be_VBI republished_VVN to_TO alter_VVI any_DD erroneous_JJ text_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
What_DDQ 's_VBZ unique_JJ about_II wikis_NN1 is_VBZ that_CST they_PPHS2 are_VBR vehicles_NN2 for_IF reaching_VVG any_DD number_NN1 of_IO unofficial_JJ "_" authorities_NN2 "_" on_II a_AT1 subject_NN1 and_CC that_CST all_DB of_IO these_DD2 contributors_NN2 can_VM have_VHI the_AT chance_NN1 to_TO disseminate_VVI their_APPGE knowledge_NN1 to_II the_AT masses_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
With_IW the_AT Wikipedia_NP1 ,_, for_REX21 example_REX22 ,_, there_EX is_VBZ a_AT1 hard_JJ core_NN1 of_IO about_RG a_AT1 hundred_NNO "_" Wikipedians_NN2 "_" that_CST spend_VV0 all_DB their_APPGE waking_NN1 hours_NNT2 submitting_VVG articles_NN2 or_CC editing_VVG existing_JJ ones_NN2 ._. 
</s>
<s>
To_II them_PPHO2 ,_, the_AT wiki_NN2 has_VHZ become_VVN a_AT1 way_NN1 of_IO life_NN1 (_( see_VV0 URL_NP1 )_) ._. 
</s>
<s>
But_CCB despite_II its_APPGE breadth_NN1 of_IO coverage_NN1 ,_, Wikipedia_NP1 ,_, one_MC1 of_IO the_AT best_JJT examples_NN2 of_IO a_AT1 collaborative_JJ project_NN1 with_IW some_DD semblance_NN1 of_IO authority_NN1 ,_, can_VM not_XX guarantee_VVI that_CST every_AT1 one_MC1 of_IO its_APPGE articles_NN2 meets_VVZ any_DD standard_NN1 for_IF accuracy_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
Wikis_NN1 are_VBR still_RR some_DD way_NN1 off_RP from_II convincing_VVG the_AT likes_NN2 of_IO Bill_NP1 Walsh_NP1 that_CST the_AT role_NN1 of_IO the_AT gatekeeper_NN1 in_II collaborative_JJ publishing_NN1 is_VBZ defunct_JJ ._. 
</s>
<s>
In_II his_APPGE book_NN1 ,_, Lapsing_VVG into_II a_AT1 Comma_NN1 ,_, he_PPHS1 maintains_VVZ ,_, "_" Internet_NP1 discourse_NN1 is_VBZ unfiltered_JJ ,_, and_CC in_II losing_VVG the_AT filter_NN1 that_CST blocks_VVZ material_NN1 without_IW mass_JJ appeal_NN1 ,_, we_PPIS2 also_RR lose_VV0 the_AT filters_NN2 that_CST separate_JJ fact_NN1 from_II fiction_NN1 and_CC standard_NN1 from_II substandard_JJ language_NN1 ._. 
</s>
<s>
The_AT power_NN1 of_IO the_AT usage_NN1 police_NN2 has_VHZ been_VBN significantly_RR diluted_VVN ._. "_" 
</s>
<s>
(_( 3,012_MC )_) 
</s>
