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Automobile_NN1 traffic_NN1 congestion_NN1 is_VBZ a_AT1 major_JJ problem_NN1 in_II most_DAT cities_NN2 and_CC some_DD rural_JJ areas_NN2 ._. 
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It_PPH1 is_VBZ annoying_JJ ,_, polluting_VVG ,_, and_CC time_NNT1 wasting_VVG ._. 
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It_PPH1 is_VBZ caused_VVN by_II excessive_JJ numbers_NN2 of_IO vehicles_NN2 and_CC poor_JJ city_NN1 road_NN1 planning_NN1 ._. 
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The_AT encouragement_NN1 of_IO fewer_DAR vehicles_NN2 and_CC better_JJR road_NN1 design_NN1 may_VM help_VVI alleviate_VVI the_AT problem_NN1 ._. 
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In_II the_AT United_NP1 States_NP1 ,_, having_VHG at_RR21 least_RR22 one_MC1 car_NN1 is_VBZ an_AT1 important_JJ part_NN1 of_IO life_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Therefore_RR ,_, discouragement_NN1 of_IO private_JJ automobile_NN1 use_NN1 in_II31 favor_II32 of_II33 public_JJ transportation_NN1 is_VBZ a_AT1 difficult_JJ prospect_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
However_RR ,_, cities_NN2 such_II21 as_II22 Atlanta_NP1 have_VH0 been_VBN somewhat_RR successful_JJ with_IW the_AT instatement_NN1 of_IO "_" high-occupancy_JJ vehicle_NN1 (_( H.O.V._NP1 )_) "_" lanes_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
One_PN1 may_VM only_RR drive_VVI in_II such_DA lanes_NN2 during_II working_NN1 hours_NNT2 if_CS one_PN1 's_GE car_NN1 has_VHZ (_( a_ZZ1 )_) passenger(s)_NN2 ._. 
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Violators_NN2 are_VBR ticketed_VVN ._. 
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<s>
Such_DA encourages_VVZ "_" car_NN1 pooling_VVG ,_, "_" and_CC total_JJ numbers_NN2 of_IO vehicles_NN2 on_II the_AT roads_NN2 are_VBR reduced_VVN ._. 
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<s>
City_NN1 and_CC road_NN1 design_NN1 also_RR cause_VV0 problems_NN2 ._. 
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<s>
Many_DA2 American_JJ cities_NN2 are_VBR built_VVN on_II the_AT central_JJ place_NN1 model_NN1 ,_, with_IW the_AT central_JJ business_NN1 district_NN1 in_II the_AT middle_NN1 ,_, commercial_JJ areas_NN2 outside_RL and_CC around_II the_AT CBD_NN1 ,_, and_CC residential_JJ areas_NN2 outside_RL and_CC around_II the_AT commercial_JJ areas_NN2 (_( sometimes_RT it_PPH1 is_VBZ not_XX circular_JJ ,_, but_CCB separate_VV0 nonetheless_RR )_) ._. 
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<s>
As_CSA more_DAR people_NN obtain_VV0 automobiles_NN2 to_TO navigate_VVI this_DD1 design_NN1 ,_, more_DAR roads_NN2 are_VBR built_VVN ._. 
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<s>
However_RR ,_, instead_II21 of_II22 relieving_JJ traffic_NN1 congestion_NN1 ,_, more_DAR roads_NN2 attract_VV0 greater_JJR numbers_NN2 of_IO vehicles_NN2 ._. 
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Thus_RR a_AT1 vicious_JJ cycle_NN1 is_VBZ created_VVN ._. 
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<s>
Synchronization_NN1 of_IO traffic_NN1 lights_NN2 ,_, building_NN1 overpasses_NN2 ,_, and_CC logical_JJ road_NN1 rules_NN2 (_( read_VV0 one-way_JJ streets_NN2 )_) can_VM help_VVI the_AT problem_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
City_NN1 planners_NN2 have_VH0 not_XX yet_RR discovered_VVN ways_NN2 to_TO eliminate_VVI severe_JJ traffic_NN1 congestion_NN1 ._. 
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<s>
Progress_NN1 has_VHZ been_VBN made_VVN ,_, though_CS ,_, and_CC further_JJR development_NN1 should_VM find_VVI a_AT1 way_NN1 to_TO eliminate_VVI this_DD1 annoyance_NN1 ._. 
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