Relations between China and the U. S. have undergone many difficult periods. This is due to fundamental differences in the Chinese and American world-view, particularly at the philosophical and political levels. However, recent years have seen progress (albeit with setbacks) in Sino-American bilateral relations.
China is the world's oldest existing civilization. It dates its origins to the mysterious Xia and Shang dynasties, life philosophy to the Zhou dynasty, and actual political state to the Qin dynasty. Confucianism is the primary guide for etiquette and inter-personal relations, while Legalism, coupled with Marxism-Socialism in modern China, forms the basis of political administration. China embraces the notion that nation-states have ultimate sovereignty over their internal matters.
America, by contrast, is a new nation (founded in 1776). It is based on the principle of popular government and toleration of minority opinions, while presupposing its citizens have certain inalienable rights. America accepts the principle of national sovereignty, but believes the modern world to be inter-dependent and international. In other words, many events by nature influence more than one nation.
Such differences have resulted in numerous incidents of strained Sino-U. S. relations. China often feels that America interferes in its affairs, while America states its actions promote peace and stability in the world.
Despite differences, China-America relations are improving. This is because of ever decreasing amounts of ideology combined with increasing desire for business.