<time>1_00:01:19,920 --> 00:01:20,280</time>
<s>要补哪个</s>
<time>2_00:01:22,440 --> 00:01:23,160</time>
<s>不我重新给你写一面吧</s>
<time>3_00:01:23,520 --> 00:01:24,240</time>
<s>主要是这两个</s>
<time>4_00:01:28,200 --> 00:01:29,640</time>
<s>好我就重新写一下对</s>
<time>5_00:01:30,720 --> 00:01:31,440</time>
<s>好曹老师</s>
<time>6_00:01:31,800 --> 00:01:32,160</time>
<s>鸟</s>
<time>7_00:01:32,520 --> 00:01:34,320</time>
<s>它不是能够长距离迁徙</s>
<time>8_00:01:34,680 --> 00:01:35,760</time>
<s>然后这个里面有一种叫</s>
<time>9_00:01:36,120 --> 00:01:36,840</time>
<s>隐花色素</s>
<time>10_00:01:37,200 --> 00:01:38,640</time>
<s>它可能能感受地球磁场</s>
<time>11_00:01:39,000 --> 00:01:40,080</time>
<s>还是用量子力学的机制</s>
<time>12_00:01:40,800 --> 00:01:41,520</time>
<s>其实人体里面</s>
<time>13_00:01:41,880 --> 00:01:43,680</time>
<s>也有这个隐花色素在起作用</s>
<time>14_00:01:44,040 --> 00:01:44,760</time>
<s>就像刚才这么聊</s>
<time>15_00:01:45,120 --> 00:01:46,200</time>
<s>非常好</s>
<time>16_00:01:46,920 --> 00:01:48,000</time>
<s>把我们促蒙</s>
<time>17_00:01:49,800 --> 00:01:51,600</time>
<s>但是我们也有我们的角度</s>
<time>18_00:02:28,680 --> 00:02:29,400</time>
<s>本节目由</s>
<time>19_00:02:29,760 --> 00:02:31,920</time>
<s>给你深度好睡眠的喜临门床垫</s>
<time>20_00:02:32,280 --> 00:02:33,720</time>
<s>独家冠名播出</s>
<time>21_00:02:34,080 --> 00:02:35,880</time>
<s>床垫喜临门今天景芳又来了圆桌派</s>
<time>22_00:02:36,240 --> 00:02:36,960</time>
<s>床垫喜临门特别欢迎圆桌派</s>
<time>23_00:02:37,680 --> 00:02:38,400</time>
<s>床垫喜临门所以今天呢圆桌派</s>
<time>24_00:02:39,840 --> 00:02:42,360</time>
<s>一方面是认识一下曹则贤教授</s>
<time>25_00:02:43,440 --> 00:02:44,520</time>
<s>顺带着咱们把量子力学</s>
<time>26_00:02:44,880 --> 00:02:45,960</time>
<s>给解决了是吧</s>
<time>27_00:02:47,760 --> 00:02:49,200</time>
<s>曹老师我是听过他课的</s>
<time>28_00:02:49,560 --> 00:02:49,920</time>
<s>在网上</s>
<time>29_00:02:51,360 --> 00:02:53,520</time>
<s>中科院物理所的研究员</s>
<time>30_00:02:54,240 --> 00:02:56,400</time>
<s>你能不能不用公式</s>
<time>31_00:02:57,480 --> 00:02:59,640</time>
<s>让我们这个文科生对吧</s>
<time>32_00:03:01,080 --> 00:03:04,320</time>
<s>就是能够用我们听得懂的语言</s>
<time>33_00:03:04,680 --> 00:03:06,840</time>
<s>让我们懂点儿量子力学</s>
<time>34_00:03:07,200 --> 00:03:09,360</time>
<s>我们如果是从1900年</s>
<time>35_00:03:09,720 --> 00:03:10,080</time>
<s>那个普朗克</s>
<time>36_00:03:10,440 --> 00:03:11,520</time>
<s>最先提出能量量子化</s>
<time>37_00:03:11,880 --> 00:03:12,600</time>
<s>这件事说起</s>
<time>38_00:03:12,960 --> 00:03:14,400</time>
<s>到现在是120年了</s>
<time>39_00:03:15,480 --> 00:03:15,840</time>
<s>120年了</s>
<time>40_00:03:16,200 --> 00:03:17,280</time>
<s>我个人觉得</s>
<time>41_00:03:17,640 --> 00:03:20,520</time>
<s>它应该成为我们这个时代里面</s>
<time>42_00:03:20,880 --> 00:03:21,960</time>
<s>就是一般受教育者的</s>
<time>43_00:03:22,320 --> 00:03:22,680</time>
<s>知识标配了</s>
<time>44_00:03:23,040 --> 00:03:25,200</time>
<s>就是你讲课中的这个观点</s>
<time>45_00:03:25,560 --> 00:03:27,720</time>
<s>才产生了这一集节目</s>
<time>46_00:03:28,080 --> 00:03:28,440</time>
<s>就是说</s>
<time>47_00:03:28,800 --> 00:03:29,880</time>
<s>每一个历史上</s>
<time>48_00:03:30,240 --> 00:03:31,320</time>
<s>每一个时代的人</s>
<time>49_00:03:31,680 --> 00:03:33,480</time>
<s>你都有一个基本常识</s>
<time>50_00:03:33,840 --> 00:03:34,200</time>
<s>标配</s>
<time>51_00:03:34,560 --> 00:03:35,280</time>
<s>不管你是哪个行业</s>
<time>52_00:03:36,000 --> 00:03:37,800</time>
<s>比方说可能在这个古代的</s>
<time>53_00:03:38,160 --> 00:03:38,880</time>
<s>某一个时候</s>
<time>54_00:03:39,240 --> 00:03:41,400</time>
<s>你知道地球绕着太阳转</s>
<time>55_00:03:41,760 --> 00:03:43,200</time>
<s>这基本上是你作为一个公民应该</s>
<time>56_00:03:43,560 --> 00:03:43,920</time>
<s>要知道常识</s>
<time>57_00:03:44,280 --> 00:03:44,640</time>
<s>基本知识</s>
<time>58_00:03:45,360 --> 00:03:47,160</time>
<s>你就会很可笑对吧</s>
<time>59_00:03:47,880 --> 00:03:49,320</time>
<s>我为什么觉得这个量子力学这事</s>
<time>60_00:03:49,680 --> 00:03:51,120</time>
<s>可以一聊呢</s>
<time>61_00:03:51,480 --> 00:03:52,920</time>
<s>不光是我自己感兴趣</s>
<time>62_00:03:53,280 --> 00:03:55,440</time>
<s>我发现现在这是一个时尚话题</s>
<time>63_00:03:56,880 --> 00:03:58,680</time>
<s>无人不谈量子力学</s>
<time>64_00:03:59,040 --> 00:04:00,120</time>
<s>遇事不决量子力学</s>
<time>65_00:04:00,480 --> 00:04:00,840</time>
<s>对</s>
<time>66_00:04:01,200 --> 00:04:02,280</time>
<s>就是从曹老师进来</s>
<time>67_00:04:02,640 --> 00:04:04,080</time>
<s>到现在这几个小时之间</s>
<time>68_00:04:04,440 --> 00:04:05,160</time>
<s>我听他跟你聊天</s>
<time>69_00:04:06,240 --> 00:04:06,960</time>
<s>曹老师一般会说</s>
<time>70_00:04:07,320 --> 00:04:07,680</time>
<s>第一句是什么</s>
<time>71_00:04:08,040 --> 00:04:08,400</time>
<s>不是这样</s>
<time>72_00:04:10,200 --> 00:04:10,920</time>
<s>你可以想象</s>
<time>73_00:04:11,280 --> 00:04:13,080</time>
<s>像我们这个知识结构</s>
<time>74_00:04:13,440 --> 00:04:14,160</time>
<s>我们已经形成了</s>
<time>75_00:04:14,520 --> 00:04:15,240</time>
<s>大量的谬误也好</s>
<time>76_00:04:15,600 --> 00:04:16,680</time>
<s>或者叫那种偏见</s>
<time>77_00:04:17,760 --> 00:04:20,280</time>
<s>就是我们自以为的那种东西</s>
<time>78_00:04:20,640 --> 00:04:21,360</time>
<s>其实都是错的在他看来</s>
<time>79_00:04:21,720 --> 00:04:22,440</time>
<s>其实是这样的</s>
<time>80_00:04:22,800 --> 00:04:23,160</time>
<s>就这个涉及到</s>
<time>81_00:04:23,520 --> 00:04:24,960</time>
<s>我们国家的基础教育</s>
<time>82_00:04:25,320 --> 00:04:27,120</time>
<s>就是从小学到初中到高中</s>
<time>83_00:04:27,480 --> 00:04:28,200</time>
<s>其实我们看一下</s>
<time>84_00:04:28,560 --> 00:04:30,360</time>
<s>到我们高中毕业的时候</s>
<time>85_00:04:30,720 --> 00:04:32,160</time>
<s>我们基础教育就是</s>
<time>86_00:04:32,520 --> 00:04:33,960</time>
<s>刚好讲到19世纪末</s>
<time>87_00:04:34,320 --> 00:04:36,480</time>
<s>20世纪初那会儿的这个科学发现</s>
<time>88_00:04:36,840 --> 00:04:37,560</time>
<s>然后把之前的</s>
<time>89_00:04:37,920 --> 00:04:39,000</time>
<s>然后有着200多年的断代</s>
<time>90_00:04:39,360 --> 00:04:39,720</time>
<s>对</s>
<time>91_00:04:40,080 --> 00:04:40,440</time>
<s>而这200多年恰恰是</s>
<time>92_00:04:40,800 --> 00:04:41,160</time>
<s>至少100多年</s>
<time>93_00:04:41,520 --> 00:04:42,240</time>
<s>发展最快的</s>
<time>94_00:04:42,960 --> 00:04:44,760</time>
<s>但是曹老师我有一个疑问</s>
<time>95_00:04:45,120 --> 00:04:46,560</time>
<s>这本书叫《量子力学（少年版）》</s>
<time>96_00:04:46,920 --> 00:04:47,280</time>
<s>对</s>
<time>97_00:04:47,640 --> 00:04:48,720</time>
<s>它就给十几岁的少年看的</s>
<time>98_00:04:50,160 --> 00:04:51,960</time>
<s>我要看懂这本书</s>
<time>99_00:04:52,320 --> 00:04:53,760</time>
<s>我需要先看懂多少本书</s>
<time>100_00:04:55,200 --> 00:04:56,640</time>
<s>对你瞧他今天一来</s>
<time>101_00:04:57,000 --> 00:04:57,720</time>
<s>咪咪这两</s>
<time>102_00:04:58,080 --> 00:04:59,160</time>
<s>您能先告诉我我需要付出多少体力吗</s>
<time>103_00:04:59,520 --> 00:05:00,240</time>
<s>不需要体力</s>
<time>104_00:05:00,600 --> 00:05:01,320</time>
<s>是这样子</s>
<time>105_00:05:01,680 --> 00:05:03,480</time>
<s>我昨天看到一句话</s>
<time>106_00:05:05,640 --> 00:05:06,720</time>
<s>说当年前苏联的工业</s>
<time>107_00:05:07,080 --> 00:05:08,520</time>
<s>为什么那么厉害</s>
<time>108_00:05:08,880 --> 00:05:09,960</time>
<s>里面有句话让我很震惊</s>
<time>109_00:05:10,320 --> 00:05:11,400</time>
<s>就是说前苏联有</s>
<time>110_00:05:11,760 --> 00:05:13,560</time>
<s>“丧心病狂”的理工科教育</s>
<time>111_00:05:13,920 --> 00:05:15,360</time>
<s>为什么就是说</s>
<time>112_00:05:16,440 --> 00:05:18,240</time>
<s>要“丧心病狂”的理工科教育呢</s>
<time>113_00:05:18,600 --> 00:05:18,960</time>
<s>我们注意到</s>
<time>114_00:05:19,320 --> 00:05:20,040</time>
<s>就是说真正的</s>
<time>115_00:05:20,400 --> 00:05:21,840</time>
<s>数理大才那种成长</s>
<time>116_00:05:23,640 --> 00:05:25,080</time>
<s>真的就是少年时期就起了</s>
<time>117_00:05:25,440 --> 00:05:25,800</time>
<s>你比方说</s>
<time>118_00:05:26,160 --> 00:05:26,880</time>
<s>我们说我们电磁学</s>
<time>119_00:05:27,240 --> 00:05:28,320</time>
<s>听说过麦克斯韦电磁学</s>
<time>120_00:05:28,680 --> 00:05:29,040</time>
<s>麦克斯韦</s>
<time>121_00:05:29,400 --> 00:05:30,840</time>
<s>麦克斯韦是13岁就成名的</s>
<time>122_00:05:32,280 --> 00:05:33,720</time>
<s>13岁他给出了鸡蛋的方程</s>
<time>123_00:05:34,800 --> 00:05:35,880</time>
<s>他13岁已经成名了</s>
<time>124_00:05:36,960 --> 00:05:37,680</time>
<s>那么量子力学将来我们会知道</s>
<time>125_00:05:38,040 --> 00:05:38,760</time>
<s>量子力学里面</s>
<time>126_00:05:39,120 --> 00:05:40,560</time>
<s>有一个很重要的数学工具</s>
<time>127_00:05:40,920 --> 00:05:41,280</time>
<s>叫群论</s>
<time>128_00:05:42,720 --> 00:05:47,040</time>
<s>发展出群论的这个叫</s>
<time>129_00:05:48,120 --> 00:05:48,840</time>
<s>一个法国人</s>
<time>130_00:05:49,200 --> 00:05:50,640</time>
<s>伽罗瓦Galois</s>
<time>131_00:05:51,000 --> 00:05:52,440</time>
<s>他去世的时候才21</s>
<time>132_00:05:52,800 --> 00:05:53,160</time>
<s>不到21岁</s>
<time>133_00:05:54,600 --> 00:05:55,320</time>
<s>死于决斗</s>
<time>134_00:05:56,400 --> 00:05:57,480</time>
<s>看起来我们必须绝望</s>
<time>135_00:05:58,200 --> 00:05:58,560</time>
<s>不是绝望</s>
<time>136_00:05:59,640 --> 00:06:01,440</time>
<s>反过来就是说明什么呢</s>
<time>137_00:06:01,800 --> 00:06:03,600</time>
<s>就是我们的理工科教育</s>
<time>138_00:06:03,960 --> 00:06:05,760</time>
<s>一定要像当年的前苏联</s>
<time>139_00:06:06,120 --> 00:06:07,920</time>
<s>或者是当年的普鲁士就德国</s>
<time>140_00:06:08,280 --> 00:06:09,360</time>
<s>普鲁士学习</s>
<time>141_00:06:09,720 --> 00:06:10,080</time>
<s>就是要办</s>
<time>142_00:06:10,440 --> 00:06:11,880</time>
<s>“丧心病狂”的理工科</s>
<time>143_00:06:12,240 --> 00:06:13,680</time>
<s>对还必须得在那个岁数</s>
<time>144_00:06:14,040 --> 00:06:14,400</time>
<s>是不是</s>
<time>145_00:06:14,760 --> 00:06:15,840</time>
<s>这个实际上是这样子的</s>
<time>146_00:06:16,200 --> 00:06:18,000</time>
<s>就是为什么在那个中学阶段</s>
<time>147_00:06:18,360 --> 00:06:19,440</time>
<s>咱们现在确实是</s>
<time>148_00:06:19,800 --> 00:06:20,880</time>
<s>理解不了量子力学呢</s>
<time>149_00:06:21,240 --> 00:06:22,320</time>
<s>量子力学它入门的</s>
<time>150_00:06:22,680 --> 00:06:23,760</time>
<s>就是它的波动方程</s>
<time>151_00:06:24,120 --> 00:06:25,200</time>
<s>是一个微积分方程</s>
<time>152_00:06:25,560 --> 00:06:27,720</time>
<s>然后它的矩阵描述是一个</s>
<time>153_00:06:28,080 --> 00:06:29,520</time>
<s>你至少是线性代数学完了</s>
<time>154_00:06:29,880 --> 00:06:30,960</time>
<s>你才能懂那个矩阵向量</s>
<time>155_00:06:31,320 --> 00:06:31,680</time>
<s>什么叫矩阵</s>
<time>156_00:06:32,040 --> 00:06:33,840</time>
<s>那就是微积分和线性代数</s>
<time>157_00:06:34,200 --> 00:06:34,920</time>
<s>这两个作为</s>
<time>158_00:06:35,280 --> 00:06:36,720</time>
<s>基础基础的数学工具</s>
<time>159_00:06:37,080 --> 00:06:37,440</time>
<s>你得先懂</s>
<time>160_00:06:37,800 --> 00:06:38,160</time>
<s>懂完以后</s>
<time>161_00:06:38,520 --> 00:06:40,320</time>
<s>你能懂量子力学</s>
<time>162_00:06:40,680 --> 00:06:41,760</time>
<s>一个最基本的描述</s>
<time>163_00:06:42,120 --> 00:06:42,480</time>
<s>后面当然了</s>
<time>164_00:06:42,840 --> 00:06:43,920</time>
<s>你再各种傅里叶变换</s>
<time>165_00:06:44,280 --> 00:06:46,080</time>
<s>其他那些更高的数学基础项</s>
<time>166_00:06:46,440 --> 00:06:47,160</time>
<s>好我们继续绝望</s>
<time>167_00:06:47,520 --> 00:06:48,960</time>
<s>对咱们如果想在中学</s>
<time>168_00:06:49,320 --> 00:06:50,400</time>
<s>就让大家都给懂一点儿</s>
<time>169_00:06:50,760 --> 00:06:51,480</time>
<s>量子力学</s>
<time>170_00:06:51,840 --> 00:06:52,560</time>
<s>就意味着得把微积分</s>
<time>171_00:06:52,920 --> 00:06:53,280</time>
<s>和线性代数</s>
<time>172_00:06:53,640 --> 00:06:54,720</time>
<s>这两门高等数学</s>
<time>173_00:06:55,080 --> 00:06:56,520</time>
<s>给移到中学去学</s>
<time>174_00:06:56,880 --> 00:06:57,960</time>
<s>但这个它会对于我们</s>
<time>175_00:06:58,320 --> 00:06:59,040</time>
<s>目前的基础教育</s>
<time>176_00:06:59,400 --> 00:07:01,200</time>
<s>确实是很大的改变和颠覆</s>
<time>177_00:07:01,560 --> 00:07:03,000</time>
<s>因为咱们国家的这个基础教育</s>
<time>178_00:07:03,360 --> 00:07:04,440</time>
<s>还是以普惠</s>
<time>179_00:07:04,800 --> 00:07:06,600</time>
<s>就是以所有人都能学懂为主</s>
<time>180_00:07:06,960 --> 00:07:07,320</time>
<s>为基础</s>
<time>181_00:07:07,680 --> 00:07:08,400</time>
<s>那我插一包问您</s>
<time>182_00:07:08,760 --> 00:07:09,120</time>
<s>就是说</s>
<time>183_00:07:09,480 --> 00:07:10,920</time>
<s>像我跟老六这样的</s>
<time>184_00:07:11,280 --> 00:07:12,720</time>
<s>我们已经这样了</s>
<time>185_00:07:13,080 --> 00:07:13,440</time>
<s>我早已经放弃了</s>
<time>186_00:07:13,800 --> 00:07:16,320</time>
<s>对就是说生活在今天社会里的</s>
<time>187_00:07:16,680 --> 00:07:17,040</time>
<s>我们这些</s>
<time>188_00:07:17,400 --> 00:07:18,120</time>
<s>比如说文科生也好</s>
<time>189_00:07:18,480 --> 00:07:19,200</time>
<s>或者什么也好</s>
<time>190_00:07:19,560 --> 00:07:19,920</time>
<s>我们叫“寄生虫”</s>
<time>191_00:07:21,000 --> 00:07:21,720</time>
<s>谈文理之前的</s>
<time>192_00:07:22,080 --> 00:07:22,440</time>
<s>我们的少年们</s>
<time>193_00:07:23,520 --> 00:07:25,320</time>
<s>不是你先关心一下我们老年</s>
<time>194_00:07:25,680 --> 00:07:26,040</time>
<s>就是说</s>
<time>195_00:07:26,400 --> 00:07:28,920</time>
<s>我们为什么要了解量子力学</s>
<time>196_00:07:29,280 --> 00:07:29,640</time>
<s>好</s>
<time>197_00:07:30,360 --> 00:07:31,080</time>
<s>了解了量子力学</s>
<time>198_00:07:31,440 --> 00:07:33,240</time>
<s>对像我们现在这样的一般人</s>
<time>199_00:07:33,600 --> 00:07:35,040</time>
<s>有什么用</s>
<time>200_00:07:36,120 --> 00:07:36,840</time>
<s>很多</s>
<time>201_00:07:38,280 --> 00:07:38,640</time>
<s>是这样的</s>
<time>202_00:07:39,000 --> 00:07:41,160</time>
<s>今天我们的这个时代</s>
<time>203_00:07:41,520 --> 00:07:42,600</time>
<s>基本上你用到的器件</s>
<time>204_00:07:42,960 --> 00:07:44,040</time>
<s>比方说我们在这儿拍摄</s>
<time>205_00:07:44,400 --> 00:07:45,480</time>
<s>我们把我们的信号图片</s>
<time>206_00:07:45,840 --> 00:07:46,920</time>
<s>传输过去</s>
<time>207_00:07:47,280 --> 00:07:49,800</time>
<s>你背后用到的这些技术的基础</s>
<time>208_00:07:50,160 --> 00:07:51,600</time>
<s>基本上都是量子力学带来的</s>
<time>209_00:07:52,320 --> 00:07:52,680</time>
<s>是这样</s>
<time>210_00:07:53,040 --> 00:07:53,400</time>
<s>我们人类就是</s>
<time>211_00:07:53,760 --> 00:07:54,840</time>
<s>今天不是很发达吗</s>
<time>212_00:07:55,560 --> 00:07:55,920</time>
<s>人类很发达</s>
<time>213_00:07:56,280 --> 00:07:56,640</time>
<s>我们叫什么</s>
<time>214_00:07:57,000 --> 00:07:57,720</time>
<s>叫工业化社会</s>
<time>215_00:07:58,800 --> 00:07:59,880</time>
<s>工业化社会到目前为止</s>
<time>216_00:08:00,240 --> 00:08:01,680</time>
<s>是三次工业革命加上</s>
<time>217_00:08:02,040 --> 00:08:03,120</time>
<s>现在叫工业4.0</s>
<time>218_00:08:03,480 --> 00:08:04,920</time>
<s>它不叫第四次工业革命</s>
<time>219_00:08:05,280 --> 00:08:06,000</time>
<s>但是你会发现</s>
<time>220_00:08:06,360 --> 00:08:08,160</time>
<s>这些它的标志物</s>
<time>221_00:08:08,520 --> 00:08:08,880</time>
<s>都是物理学</s>
<time>222_00:08:10,320 --> 00:08:11,040</time>
<s>第一次工业革命</s>
<time>223_00:08:11,400 --> 00:08:12,480</time>
<s>标志性的物理学是热力学</s>
<time>224_00:08:13,560 --> 00:08:13,920</time>
<s>热机的应用</s>
<time>225_00:08:14,280 --> 00:08:15,000</time>
<s>就是蒸汽机</s>
<time>226_00:08:16,080 --> 00:08:16,440</time>
<s>织布机</s>
<time>227_00:08:16,800 --> 00:08:17,160</time>
<s>对</s>
<time>228_00:08:17,520 --> 00:08:19,680</time>
<s>第二次工业革命是电的应用</s>
<time>229_00:08:20,040 --> 00:08:20,760</time>
<s>所以说它联系的物理学</s>
<time>230_00:08:21,120 --> 00:08:24,000</time>
<s>是电磁学和电动力学</s>
<time>231_00:08:24,720 --> 00:08:25,440</time>
<s>第三次工业革命</s>
<time>232_00:08:25,800 --> 00:08:26,160</time>
<s>就是量子力学</s>
<time>233_00:08:27,240 --> 00:08:28,320</time>
<s>30年代和40年代的时候</s>
<time>234_00:08:28,680 --> 00:08:30,480</time>
<s>把量子力学用到我们的固体</s>
<time>235_00:08:30,840 --> 00:08:31,920</time>
<s>这种固体上面的时候</s>
<time>236_00:08:32,280 --> 00:08:32,640</time>
<s>带来的东西</s>
<time>237_00:08:33,000 --> 00:08:34,080</time>
<s>有了第三次工业革命</s>
<time>238_00:08:34,440 --> 00:08:35,160</time>
<s>而今天我们进入的</s>
<time>239_00:08:35,520 --> 00:08:36,960</time>
<s>不叫第四次工业革命</s>
<time>240_00:08:37,320 --> 00:08:38,760</time>
<s>叫进入了工业4.0时代</s>
<time>241_00:08:39,480 --> 00:08:40,200</time>
<s>你生活的这样一个</s>
<time>242_00:08:40,560 --> 00:08:42,720</time>
<s>高度发达的一个工业化的时代</s>
<time>243_00:08:43,080 --> 00:08:44,520</time>
<s>它就是前面三次工业革命</s>
<time>244_00:08:44,880 --> 00:08:45,240</time>
<s>叠加来的</s>
<time>245_00:08:45,600 --> 00:08:46,320</time>
<s>你生活在</s>
<time>246_00:08:46,680 --> 00:08:47,760</time>
<s>今天这个时代的人</s>
<time>247_00:08:48,120 --> 00:08:49,200</time>
<s>你应该问</s>
<time>248_00:08:49,920 --> 00:08:52,080</time>
<s>什么地方用不到量子力学</s>
<time>249_00:08:52,800 --> 00:08:53,160</time>
<s>几乎没有了</s>
<time>250_00:08:54,240 --> 00:08:56,760</time>
<s>量子力学在上世纪30年代</s>
<time>251_00:08:57,120 --> 00:08:57,480</time>
<s>40年代</s>
<time>252_00:08:57,840 --> 00:08:59,280</time>
<s>带给我们最重要的一个概念</s>
<time>253_00:08:59,640 --> 00:09:00,000</time>
<s>是什么</s>
<time>254_00:09:00,720 --> 00:09:02,160</time>
<s>我们现在不整天谈芯片吗</s>
<time>255_00:09:02,880 --> 00:09:03,240</time>
<s>芯片我们又有时候</s>
<time>256_00:09:03,600 --> 00:09:04,320</time>
<s>有人会加一句话</s>
<time>257_00:09:04,680 --> 00:09:05,760</time>
<s>叫半导体芯片</s>
<time>258_00:09:06,480 --> 00:09:08,640</time>
<s>在半导体概念出来之前的时候</s>
<time>259_00:09:09,000 --> 00:09:11,160</time>
<s>我们关于这个物质导不导电</s>
<time>260_00:09:11,520 --> 00:09:11,880</time>
<s>我们的分法</s>
<time>261_00:09:12,240 --> 00:09:13,680</time>
<s>就是两个简单的说法</s>
<time>262_00:09:14,040 --> 00:09:15,120</time>
<s>导体和绝缘体</s>
<time>263_00:09:17,280 --> 00:09:17,640</time>
<s>对</s>
<time>264_00:09:18,000 --> 00:09:18,360</time>
<s>没有半导体</s>
<time>265_00:09:20,160 --> 00:09:20,520</time>
<s>那么那个时候</s>
<time>266_00:09:20,880 --> 00:09:21,960</time>
<s>我们知不知道</s>
<time>267_00:09:22,320 --> 00:09:24,120</time>
<s>什么导电不导电的原理</s>
<time>268_00:09:25,200 --> 00:09:26,280</time>
<s>你看</s>
<time>269_00:09:28,440 --> 00:09:28,800</time>
<s>这就说明什么</s>
<time>270_00:09:29,160 --> 00:09:30,960</time>
<s>这说明你学物理的底子非常好</s>
<time>271_00:09:31,680 --> 00:09:32,760</time>
<s>这个问题一把就问到点子上了</s>
<time>272_00:09:33,120 --> 00:09:33,480</time>
<s>是我都不知道</s>
<time>273_00:09:33,840 --> 00:09:34,560</time>
<s>就是在从前</s>
<time>274_00:09:35,640 --> 00:09:37,440</time>
<s>我们在电磁学时代的时候</s>
<time>275_00:09:38,520 --> 00:09:39,600</time>
<s>我们是知道什么叫导体</s>
<time>276_00:09:39,960 --> 00:09:40,680</time>
<s>什么叫绝缘体</s>
<time>277_00:09:41,400 --> 00:09:42,120</time>
<s>而且你会发现</s>
<time>278_00:09:43,200 --> 00:09:45,360</time>
<s>大自然是非常非常</s>
<time>279_00:09:45,720 --> 00:09:47,160</time>
<s>对我们人类是非常</s>
<time>280_00:09:47,520 --> 00:09:47,880</time>
<s>怎么说呢</s>
<time>281_00:09:48,600 --> 00:09:48,960</time>
<s>非常善意</s>
<time>282_00:09:49,320 --> 00:09:50,400</time>
<s>或者说对我们恩惠的</s>
<time>283_00:09:51,120 --> 00:09:53,280</time>
<s>我们的这个大自然界里面</s>
<time>284_00:09:53,640 --> 00:09:55,440</time>
<s>我们的土壤里面是有良导体的</s>
<time>285_00:09:56,520 --> 00:09:57,240</time>
<s>金银铜</s>
<time>286_00:09:58,320 --> 00:09:58,680</time>
<s>导电</s>
<time>287_00:09:59,400 --> 00:10:00,120</time>
<s>是良导体</s>
<time>288_00:10:00,840 --> 00:10:01,200</time>
<s>而且最重要的是</s>
<time>289_00:10:01,560 --> 00:10:02,640</time>
<s>它在大自然那个土里</s>
<time>290_00:10:03,000 --> 00:10:04,080</time>
<s>那个石头里是有成块的</s>
<time>291_00:10:04,440 --> 00:10:05,520</time>
<s>直接挖出来就行</s>
<time>292_00:10:05,880 --> 00:10:07,680</time>
<s>对你发现这个很神奇吗</s>
<time>293_00:10:08,760 --> 00:10:09,480</time>
<s>这是个很神奇的事情</s>
<time>294_00:10:10,200 --> 00:10:10,920</time>
<s>有了这些导体</s>
<time>295_00:10:11,280 --> 00:10:14,520</time>
<s>然后我们才能发展出电磁学</s>
<time>296_00:10:15,240 --> 00:10:15,960</time>
<s>发展出电磁学</s>
<time>297_00:10:16,320 --> 00:10:17,760</time>
<s>现在我们回到量子力学</s>
<time>298_00:10:18,120 --> 00:10:19,560</time>
<s>到上世纪30年代末</s>
<time>299_00:10:19,920 --> 00:10:22,080</time>
<s>40年代初的时候</s>
<time>300_00:10:22,440 --> 00:10:23,160</time>
<s>突然才明白</s>
<time>301_00:10:23,520 --> 00:10:24,600</time>
<s>为什么有些东西是导体</s>
<time>302_00:10:24,960 --> 00:10:26,400</time>
<s>有些东西是绝缘体</s>
<time>303_00:10:26,760 --> 00:10:27,120</time>
<s>为什么呢</s>
<time>304_00:10:27,840 --> 00:10:29,280</time>
<s>那个东西就有一个理论了</s>
<time>305_00:10:29,640 --> 00:10:30,720</time>
<s>叫能带理论</s>
<time>306_00:10:31,080 --> 00:10:31,800</time>
<s>我就没法给你讲</s>
<time>307_00:10:32,520 --> 00:10:33,240</time>
<s>没法跟你讲</s>
<time>308_00:10:33,600 --> 00:10:33,960</time>
<s>但是可以</s>
<time>309_00:10:34,320 --> 00:10:34,680</time>
<s>绝望了</s>
<time>310_00:10:35,040 --> 00:10:35,760</time>
<s>不不可以讲</s>
<time>311_00:10:36,120 --> 00:10:39,000</time>
<s>好像未来十季《圆桌派》的选题</s>
<time>312_00:10:39,360 --> 00:10:40,080</time>
<s>都够了</s>
<time>313_00:10:40,440 --> 00:10:41,880</time>
<s>就让曹老师一堂一堂地讲</s>
<time>314_00:10:42,240 --> 00:10:43,320</time>
<s>但是你注意到这个地方</s>
<time>315_00:10:43,680 --> 00:10:44,400</time>
<s>导体和绝缘体</s>
<time>316_00:10:44,760 --> 00:10:45,840</time>
<s>半导体什么概念呢</s>
<time>317_00:10:46,200 --> 00:10:46,920</time>
<s>就一定要记住</s>
<time>318_00:10:47,280 --> 00:10:48,360</time>
<s>半导体不是导体</s>
<time>319_00:10:49,080 --> 00:10:49,800</time>
<s>半导体是做了</s>
<time>320_00:10:50,160 --> 00:10:51,600</time>
<s>变性手术的绝缘体</s>
<time>321_00:10:52,680 --> 00:10:54,840</time>
<s>至少这比喻全能听懂</s>
<time>322_00:10:55,560 --> 00:10:55,920</time>
<s>至于怎么回事儿</s>
<time>323_00:10:56,280 --> 00:10:56,640</time>
<s>还是不太清楚</s>
<time>324_00:10:57,000 --> 00:10:57,360</time>
<s>那么它导电的性质</s>
<time>325_00:10:57,720 --> 00:10:58,080</time>
<s>不它导电的性质上</s>
<time>326_00:10:58,440 --> 00:10:58,800</time>
<s>会有差别</s>
<time>327_00:10:59,160 --> 00:11:00,960</time>
<s>你得把这个翻译成</s>
<time>328_00:11:01,320 --> 00:11:02,400</time>
<s>我们能听得懂的语言</s>
<time>329_00:11:02,760 --> 00:11:03,840</time>
<s>您日常的工作中</s>
<time>330_00:11:04,200 --> 00:11:05,640</time>
<s>您和真正您的同行</s>
<time>331_00:11:06,360 --> 00:11:08,160</time>
<s>那我们就直接写公式画图</s>
<time>332_00:11:08,520 --> 00:11:09,960</time>
<s>那您的工作中的占比</s>
<time>333_00:11:10,320 --> 00:11:11,400</time>
<s>用那种语言多</s>
<time>334_00:11:11,760 --> 00:11:12,840</time>
<s>还是用像跟我们说这个</s>
<time>335_00:11:13,200 --> 00:11:13,920</time>
<s>应该说是</s>
<time>336_00:11:14,280 --> 00:11:16,080</time>
<s>用这种普通语言的机会多</s>
<time>337_00:11:16,440 --> 00:11:18,600</time>
<s>因为这就是相当于什么</s>
<time>338_00:11:18,960 --> 00:11:20,400</time>
<s>就像武林似的</s>
<time>339_00:11:20,760 --> 00:11:21,480</time>
<s>真正的武林</s>
<time>340_00:11:21,840 --> 00:11:23,280</time>
<s>如果是进入到一定</s>
<time>341_00:11:23,640 --> 00:11:24,720</time>
<s>就有一定功夫的时候</s>
<time>342_00:11:25,080 --> 00:11:25,800</time>
<s>互相是不打架的</s>
<time>343_00:11:26,880 --> 00:11:27,240</time>
<s>就是相当于</s>
<time>344_00:11:27,600 --> 00:11:27,960</time>
<s>我一握手</s>
<time>345_00:11:28,320 --> 00:11:28,680</time>
<s>咱就分出胜负了</s>
<time>346_00:11:29,040 --> 00:11:29,760</time>
<s>打什么呀</s>
<time>347_00:11:30,840 --> 00:11:31,560</time>
<s>就是你一张嘴</s>
<time>348_00:11:31,920 --> 00:11:32,280</time>
<s>张嘴就知道我们是小白</s>
<time>349_00:11:32,640 --> 00:11:33,720</time>
<s>人家就知道你的水平深浅了</s>
<time>350_00:11:34,080 --> 00:11:34,800</time>
<s>你跟人扯什么呀</s>
<time>351_00:11:35,160 --> 00:11:35,520</time>
<s>我觉得</s>
<time>352_00:11:35,880 --> 00:11:36,600</time>
<s>那我还有一个问题</s>
<time>353_00:11:36,960 --> 00:11:38,040</time>
<s>景芳你能回答</s>
<time>354_00:11:38,400 --> 00:11:39,120</time>
<s>假如说现在有个</s>
<time>355_00:11:39,480 --> 00:11:40,560</time>
<s>特别聪明的人坐在这里</s>
<time>356_00:11:40,920 --> 00:11:41,640</time>
<s>比如说诸葛亮</s>
<time>357_00:11:43,440 --> 00:11:44,880</time>
<s>你能跟诸葛亮解释清楚</s>
<time>358_00:11:45,240 --> 00:11:45,960</time>
<s>什么叫互联网吗</s>
<time>359_00:11:46,680 --> 00:11:47,760</time>
<s>就是真的诸葛亮坐在这儿</s>
<time>360_00:11:48,120 --> 00:11:48,480</time>
<s>他非常聪明</s>
<time>361_00:11:48,840 --> 00:11:49,200</time>
<s>绝顶聪明</s>
<time>362_00:11:49,560 --> 00:11:51,720</time>
<s>不这个任何事情解释清楚</s>
<time>363_00:11:52,080 --> 00:11:53,160</time>
<s>它都分成</s>
<time>364_00:11:53,520 --> 00:11:54,960</time>
<s>你是听明白层次</s>
<time>365_00:11:55,320 --> 00:11:57,480</time>
<s>和你是能去做层次</s>
<time>366_00:11:57,840 --> 00:11:59,640</time>
<s>所以比如说跟诸葛亮</s>
<time>367_00:12:00,000 --> 00:12:00,360</time>
<s>他坐在这儿</s>
<time>368_00:12:00,720 --> 00:12:01,440</time>
<s>跟他解释说</s>
<time>369_00:12:01,800 --> 00:12:02,520</time>
<s>互联网能让我们</s>
<time>370_00:12:02,880 --> 00:12:04,320</time>
<s>现在全世界的人及时沟通</s>
<time>371_00:12:04,680 --> 00:12:06,120</time>
<s>这个他肯定是明白的</s>
<time>372_00:12:06,480 --> 00:12:07,560</time>
<s>对就是取决于什么层次</s>
<time>373_00:12:07,920 --> 00:12:09,360</time>
<s>对但是你跟他讲说</s>
<time>374_00:12:09,720 --> 00:12:11,520</time>
<s>什么叫这个TCP/IP的协议</s>
<time>375_00:12:11,880 --> 00:12:12,960</time>
<s>他就困难了点儿了</s>
<time>376_00:12:13,320 --> 00:12:15,120</time>
<s>但是你再把这个更底层的</s>
<time>377_00:12:15,480 --> 00:12:17,640</time>
<s>说这个光纤里面的物理基础是什么</s>
<time>378_00:12:18,000 --> 00:12:18,360</time>
<s>跟他讲明白</s>
<time>379_00:12:18,720 --> 00:12:19,440</time>
<s>那就困难</s>
<time>380_00:12:19,800 --> 00:12:20,160</time>
<s>是不是也就意味着</s>
<time>381_00:12:20,520 --> 00:12:21,600</time>
<s>现在一个9岁的小孩儿</s>
<time>382_00:12:21,960 --> 00:12:24,480</time>
<s>他的知识储备已经超过诸葛亮</s>
<time>383_00:12:25,200 --> 00:12:25,920</time>
<s>某种意义上说是</s>
<time>384_00:12:26,280 --> 00:12:27,000</time>
<s>刚才这个景芳已经说了</s>
<time>385_00:12:27,360 --> 00:12:28,080</time>
<s>就是我们教育</s>
<time>386_00:12:28,440 --> 00:12:29,520</time>
<s>首先我们应该是普惠的</s>
<time>387_00:12:29,880 --> 00:12:30,960</time>
<s>就是我们要有义务教育</s>
<time>388_00:12:31,680 --> 00:12:32,760</time>
<s>但是我们每个年龄段</s>
<time>389_00:12:33,120 --> 00:12:33,840</time>
<s>就有2000万人</s>
<time>390_00:12:34,560 --> 00:12:35,640</time>
<s>实际上有很多聪明人</s>
<time>391_00:12:36,360 --> 00:12:37,080</time>
<s>他这些聪明的孩子</s>
<time>392_00:12:37,440 --> 00:12:39,240</time>
<s>是一定要应该受到这个</s>
<time>393_00:12:39,960 --> 00:12:40,680</time>
<s>就是刚才我说的</s>
<time>394_00:12:41,040 --> 00:12:41,760</time>
<s>他得多干点儿活儿</s>
<time>395_00:12:42,120 --> 00:12:43,200</time>
<s>不是就要受到</s>
<time>396_00:12:43,560 --> 00:12:45,720</time>
<s>“丧心病狂”的这个</s>
<time>397_00:12:46,800 --> 00:12:47,520</time>
<s>理工科教育</s>
<time>398_00:12:47,880 --> 00:12:48,240</time>
<s>那么这个理工科教育</s>
<time>399_00:12:48,600 --> 00:12:49,680</time>
<s>如果有好老师</s>
<time>400_00:12:50,040 --> 00:12:51,120</time>
<s>效果会有多好呢</s>
<time>401_00:12:51,840 --> 00:12:52,560</time>
<s>我给你举个例子</s>
<time>402_00:12:54,720 --> 00:12:55,800</time>
<s>俄罗斯有个小孩儿</s>
<time>403_00:12:56,160 --> 00:12:57,600</time>
<s>叫艾德瓦·弗兰克（音）</s>
<time>404_00:12:57,960 --> 00:12:59,400</time>
<s>这孩子15岁上高一</s>
<time>405_00:13:00,480 --> 00:13:01,200</time>
<s>数学差得一塌糊涂</s>
<time>406_00:13:01,560 --> 00:13:02,640</time>
<s>给他妈愁的</s>
<time>407_00:13:03,720 --> 00:13:05,520</time>
<s>结果他妈有一天在街上就遇到</s>
<time>408_00:13:05,880 --> 00:13:06,600</time>
<s>他们那个镇子上的</s>
<time>409_00:13:06,960 --> 00:13:08,760</time>
<s>中专学校一个数学老师</s>
<time>410_00:13:09,840 --> 00:13:10,560</time>
<s>给他抱怨</s>
<time>411_00:13:10,920 --> 00:13:12,360</time>
<s>说我们家儿子上高一了</s>
<time>412_00:13:12,720 --> 00:13:13,440</time>
<s>不愿意学数学</s>
<time>413_00:13:14,160 --> 00:13:14,880</time>
<s>差得很</s>
<time>414_00:13:15,240 --> 00:13:15,960</time>
<s>愁死我了</s>
<time>415_00:13:17,040 --> 00:13:17,400</time>
<s>这个同事说</s>
<time>416_00:13:18,480 --> 00:13:20,280</time>
<s>把你家儿子带到办公室</s>
<time>417_00:13:20,640 --> 00:13:21,360</time>
<s>我跟他聊聊</s>
<time>418_00:13:22,800 --> 00:13:23,520</time>
<s>结果聊了几句</s>
<time>419_00:13:23,880 --> 00:13:24,240</time>
<s>发现这孩子</s>
<time>420_00:13:24,600 --> 00:13:25,320</time>
<s>其实很有数学天分</s>
<time>421_00:13:25,680 --> 00:13:27,120</time>
<s>那么这时候他15岁的时候</s>
<time>422_00:13:27,840 --> 00:13:28,560</time>
<s>这个老师准备教他</s>
<time>423_00:13:30,720 --> 00:13:31,440</time>
<s>一个俄罗斯的</s>
<time>424_00:13:31,800 --> 00:13:32,520</time>
<s>一个小镇上的</s>
<time>425_00:13:32,880 --> 00:13:33,960</time>
<s>上高一的</s>
<time>426_00:13:35,760 --> 00:13:36,480</time>
<s>就是数学让他妈妈</s>
<time>427_00:13:36,840 --> 00:13:38,640</time>
<s>非常头疼的一个少年</s>
<time>428_00:13:39,000 --> 00:13:39,720</time>
<s>21岁的时候</s>
<time>429_00:13:40,080 --> 00:13:41,520</time>
<s>是哈佛大学数学系的教授</s>
<time>430_00:13:43,680 --> 00:13:44,040</time>
<s>你能想象</s>
<time>431_00:13:44,400 --> 00:13:45,120</time>
<s>一个高一的孩子</s>
<time>432_00:13:45,480 --> 00:13:46,920</time>
<s>数学头疼的时候</s>
<time>433_00:13:47,280 --> 00:13:48,000</time>
<s>有的老师是有本事</s>
<time>434_00:13:48,360 --> 00:13:48,720</time>
<s>把他六年以后</s>
<time>435_00:13:49,080 --> 00:13:50,160</time>
<s>教成哈佛大学的教授的吗</s>
