<time>2_00:00:09,762 --> 00:00:10,842</time>
<s>测一下他有没有任何的金属</s>
<time>3_00:00:11,202 --> 00:00:11,922</time>
<s>都得摘掉</s>
<time>4_00:00:13,362 --> 00:00:14,442</time>
<s>这是一个铁石心肠这个</s>
<time>5_00:00:18,042 --> 00:00:18,762</time>
<s>差不多了吗</s>
<time>6_00:00:19,842 --> 00:00:20,922</time>
<s>好你可以</s>
<time>7_00:00:21,282 --> 00:00:21,642</time>
<s>开始了</s>
<time>8_00:00:25,962 --> 00:00:26,682</time>
<s>突然有点悲壮了</s>
<time>9_00:00:31,722 --> 00:00:32,802</time>
<s>可以了吗</s>
<time>10_00:00:35,682 --> 00:00:37,841</time>
<s>从生物学角度来认知人类心智</s>
<time>11_00:00:38,562 --> 00:00:40,002</time>
<s>已经成为科学在21世纪</s>
<time>12_00:00:53,682 --> 00:00:55,122</time>
<s>精神疾病是你看不见有啥东西</s>
<time>13_00:00:55,482 --> 00:00:56,202</time>
<s>你看他脑子全好的</s>
<time>14_00:00:56,922 --> 00:00:57,282</time>
<s>抑郁症</s>
<time>15_00:00:57,642 --> 00:00:58,002</time>
<s>焦虑症</s>
<time>16_00:00:58,362 --> 00:00:59,082</time>
<s>精神分裂症</s>
<time>17_00:00:59,442 --> 00:01:00,882</time>
<s>很多我们日常的认知</s>
<time>18_00:01:01,242 --> 00:01:03,402</time>
<s>大多数跟这个大脑前额叶有关系</s>
<time>19_00:01:03,762 --> 00:01:04,482</time>
<s>包括这个</s>
<time>20_00:01:04,842 --> 00:01:07,002</time>
<s>推导判断决策</s>
<time>21_00:01:07,722 --> 00:01:09,162</time>
<s>这些都是属于认知功能</s>
<time>22_00:01:09,522 --> 00:01:10,242</time>
<s>这这就是说</s>
<time>23_00:01:10,602 --> 00:01:11,682</time>
<s>我就是说最终我们可以通过</s>
<time>24_00:01:12,042 --> 00:01:13,842</time>
<s>生物学的方式来解释这些</s>
<time>25_00:01:14,202 --> 00:01:15,281</time>
<s>现在只是开始</s>
<time>26_00:01:15,641 --> 00:01:17,802</time>
<s>我觉得这个解释</s>
<time>27_00:01:18,162 --> 00:01:19,602</time>
<s>从我那篇文章是第一次</s>
<time>28_00:01:20,322 --> 00:01:21,762</time>
<s>就是基因是可以</s>
<time>29_00:01:22,121 --> 00:01:23,561</time>
<s>决定你的认知的好坏</s>
<time>30_00:01:23,922 --> 00:01:24,642</time>
<s>过去大家都觉得</s>
<time>31_00:01:25,002 --> 00:01:25,722</time>
<s>你凭啥说有的人</s>
<time>32_00:01:26,081 --> 00:01:26,801</time>
<s>比另外一个人聪明</s>
<time>33_00:01:27,162 --> 00:01:27,882</time>
<s>你没证据啊</s>
<time>34_00:01:28,242 --> 00:01:28,961</time>
<s>这是一个挺</s>
<time>35_00:01:29,322 --> 00:01:29,682</time>
<s>对挺</s>
<time>36_00:01:30,042 --> 00:01:31,482</time>
<s>社会接受不了的一件事情</s>
<time>37_00:01:31,842 --> 00:01:33,642</time>
<s>那我们这篇文章发表了以后</s>
<time>38_00:01:34,002 --> 00:01:35,442</time>
<s>我们是第一次提供了</s>
<time>39_00:01:36,162 --> 00:01:37,242</time>
<s>基因上的证据</s>
<time>40_00:01:37,602 --> 00:01:39,042</time>
<s>人的认知是不一样的</s>
<time>41_00:01:43,362 --> 00:01:44,082</time>
<s>许老师您坚持别动</s>
<time>42_00:01:45,522 --> 00:01:46,602</time>
<s>哎哟这个清楚了</s>
<time>43_00:01:46,962 --> 00:01:48,042</time>
<s>这就是人脑的这样一个</s>
<time>44_00:01:48,402 --> 00:01:49,122</time>
<s>沟横面的图像</s>
<time>45_00:01:50,202 --> 00:01:52,362</time>
<s>我看他的大脑皮层</s>
<time>46_00:01:52,722 --> 00:01:54,522</time>
<s>跟这个头盖骨之间的距离</s>
<time>47_00:01:54,882 --> 00:01:55,602</time>
<s>有点大</s>
<time>48_00:01:57,402 --> 00:01:59,202</time>
<s>有点脑萎缩吧</s>
<time>49_00:02:01,362 --> 00:02:01,722</time>
<s>稍微有点</s>
<time>50_00:02:02,082 --> 00:02:02,802</time>
<s>年纪大了都会萎缩</s>
<time>51_00:02:03,162 --> 00:02:04,242</time>
<s>我也脑萎缩</s>
<time>52_00:02:04,602 --> 00:02:04,962</time>
<s>正常</s>
<time>53_00:02:05,682 --> 00:02:06,402</time>
<s>对</s>
<time>54_00:02:07,122 --> 00:02:08,922</time>
<s>对这个是侧面上</s>
<time>55_00:02:09,282 --> 00:02:09,642</time>
<s>这是小脑</s>
<time>56_00:02:10,002 --> 00:02:10,362</time>
<s>这是脑干</s>
<time>57_00:02:11,442 --> 00:02:11,802</time>
<s>这是中脑</s>
<time>58_00:02:12,162 --> 00:02:12,522</time>
<s>这是脑桥</s>
<time>59_00:02:12,882 --> 00:02:13,602</time>
<s>延髓对</s>
<time>60_00:02:13,962 --> 00:02:15,042</time>
<s>一自了然了对</s>
<time>61_00:02:15,401 --> 00:02:17,202</time>
<s>我看他的这个中央沟回</s>
<time>62_00:02:17,562 --> 00:02:19,722</time>
<s>特别深</s>
<time>63_00:02:21,162 --> 00:02:21,882</time>
<s>心智作为宇宙中</s>
<time>64_00:02:22,242 --> 00:02:23,322</time>
<s>最复杂的运作过程</s>
<time>65_00:02:24,042 --> 00:02:25,122</time>
<s>可能把它深藏的秘密</s>
<time>66_00:02:25,482 --> 00:02:26,202</time>
<s>留待分子水平的</s>
<time>67_00:02:26,562 --> 00:02:27,642</time>
<s>生物学研究来解决</s>
<time>68_00:02:37,722 --> 00:02:38,802</time>
<s>这个人写这个书的人</s>
<time>69_00:02:39,161 --> 00:02:40,242</time>
<s>叫埃里克·坎德尔</s>
<time>70_00:02:40,602 --> 00:02:41,322</time>
<s>他跟我的老师</s>
<time>71_00:02:41,682 --> 00:02:43,122</time>
<s>是同一年得诺贝尔奖</s>
<time>72_00:02:43,842 --> 00:02:45,281</time>
<s>他们两个人住在一个城市</s>
<time>73_00:02:45,642 --> 00:02:46,362</time>
<s>看谁先死</s>
<time>74_00:02:46,722 --> 00:02:47,442</time>
<s>看谁的工作做得好</s>
<time>75_00:02:47,802 --> 00:02:48,161</time>
<s>较劲两个人</s>
<time>76_00:02:48,522 --> 00:02:49,602</time>
<s>较劲较劲</s>
<time>77_00:02:49,962 --> 00:02:50,682</time>
<s>互相之间的争</s>
<time>78_00:02:51,762 --> 00:02:53,201</time>
<s>最后推动了科学的发展</s>
<time>79_00:02:53,562 --> 00:02:54,282</time>
<s>各个领域我觉得都这样</s>
<time>80_00:02:55,002 --> 00:02:55,722</time>
<s>而且有时候为了否定你</s>
<time>81_00:02:56,082 --> 00:02:56,801</time>
<s>然后创造一个新的东西</s>
<time>82_00:02:57,522 --> 00:02:58,242</time>
<s>是</s>
<time>83_00:02:58,602 --> 00:02:59,321</time>
<s>竞争</s>
<time>84_00:03:01,122 --> 00:03:01,842</time>
<s>那我们现在想像一下</s>
<time>85_00:03:02,201 --> 00:03:02,921</time>
<s>10年20年之后</s>
<time>86_00:03:03,282 --> 00:03:04,002</time>
<s>对脑科学的研究</s>
<time>87_00:03:04,362 --> 00:03:05,082</time>
<s>会变成什么样子呢</s>
<time>88_00:03:08,322 --> 00:03:09,042</time>
<s>我自己非常想</s>
<time>89_00:03:09,402 --> 00:03:10,482</time>
<s>希望发生的一个事情</s>
<time>90_00:03:11,202 --> 00:03:13,362</time>
<s>脑科学变得不那么神秘了</s>
<time>91_00:03:14,442 --> 00:03:16,242</time>
<s>大家是关心的</s>
<time>92_00:03:16,602 --> 00:03:16,962</time>
<s>喜欢的</s>
<time>93_00:03:17,322 --> 00:03:18,042</time>
<s>生活的一部分</s>
<time>94_00:03:18,402 --> 00:03:20,202</time>
<s>我觉得会来的</s>
<time>95_00:03:20,562 --> 00:03:21,282</time>
<s>那个时候你觉得</s>
<time>96_00:03:22,722 --> 00:03:23,082</time>
<s>意识啊</s>
<time>97_00:03:23,442 --> 00:03:23,802</time>
<s>灵魂这些东西</s>
<time>98_00:03:24,162 --> 00:03:25,602</time>
<s>可解释的吗会有一天</s>
<time>99_00:03:25,962 --> 00:03:26,322</time>
<s>我原来是觉得</s>
<time>100_00:03:26,682 --> 00:03:27,402</time>
<s>意识这个问题</s>
<time>101_00:03:27,762 --> 00:03:28,842</time>
<s>完全不可触碰</s>
<time>102_00:03:29,202 --> 00:03:30,282</time>
<s>而且我一看到</s>
<time>103_00:03:30,642 --> 00:03:31,362</time>
<s>某人研究意识问题</s>
<time>104_00:03:31,722 --> 00:03:33,522</time>
<s>要么就是哲学家</s>
<time>105_00:03:33,882 --> 00:03:34,602</time>
<s>要么就是骗子</s>
<time>106_00:03:36,762 --> 00:03:37,842</time>
<s>现在我不这样认为了</s>
<time>107_00:03:38,202 --> 00:03:40,002</time>
<s>因为自己的研究开始</s>
<time>108_00:03:40,362 --> 00:03:40,722</time>
<s>意外地</s>
<time>109_00:03:41,082 --> 00:03:42,522</time>
<s>触碰到这个领域里面了</s>
<time>110_00:03:43,242 --> 00:03:43,602</time>
<s>所以</s>
<time>111_00:03:45,042 --> 00:03:46,482</time>
<s>这个意识可能也是可以研究的</s>
<time>112_00:03:47,202 --> 00:03:49,002</time>
<s>它是有脑结构的基础</s>
<time>113_00:03:49,362 --> 00:03:51,522</time>
<s>它是有基因的基础</s>
<time>114_00:03:51,882 --> 00:03:52,962</time>
<s>当然我</s>
<time>115_00:03:53,322 --> 00:03:54,402</time>
<s>能不能够真正最后弄出来</s>
<time>116_00:03:54,762 --> 00:03:55,842</time>
<s>或者是我们整个领域</s>
<time>117_00:03:56,202 --> 00:03:56,562</time>
<s>能不能弄出来</s>
<time>118_00:03:56,922 --> 00:03:57,282</time>
<s>我不知道</s>
<time>119_00:03:57,642 --> 00:03:58,722</time>
<s>但是给了我一点希望</s>
<time>120_00:03:59,082 --> 00:04:00,522</time>
<s>那灵魂呢</s>
<time>121_00:04:01,962 --> 00:04:02,682</time>
<s>灵魂在哪里</s>
<time>122_00:04:03,042 --> 00:04:04,482</time>
<s>对灵魂</s>
<time>123_00:04:07,362 --> 00:04:08,802</time>
<s>每当一个新的发现出现之后</s>
<time>124_00:04:09,162 --> 00:04:10,242</time>
<s>我们对自身理解就</s>
<time>125_00:04:10,602 --> 00:04:12,042</time>
<s>发生一次很大的改变</s>
<time>126_00:04:12,402 --> 00:04:14,202</time>
<s>达尔文说我们是进化而来的</s>
<time>127_00:04:14,562 --> 00:04:17,441</time>
<s>突然之间整个的世界就重组了</s>
<time>128_00:04:17,802 --> 00:04:19,962</time>
<s>弗洛伊德发现自己的潜意识</s>
<time>129_00:04:20,322 --> 00:04:22,122</time>
<s>然后你突然看到一个地下的世界</s>
<time>130_00:04:22,482 --> 00:04:22,842</time>
<s>好像出现了一样</s>
<time>131_00:04:23,202 --> 00:04:24,282</time>
<s>然后看到脑科学</s>
<time>132_00:04:24,642 --> 00:04:26,802</time>
<s>它对人的性格人的行为反应</s>
<time>133_00:04:27,162 --> 00:04:30,042</time>
<s>作出了一个非常有趣的解释角度</s>
<time>134_00:04:30,402 --> 00:04:31,842</time>
<s>就是一个新的知识领域</s>
<time>135_00:04:32,202 --> 00:04:33,282</time>
<s>就像一个新的大陆一样</s>
<time>136_00:04:33,642 --> 00:04:34,722</time>
<s>我就对这个非常好奇</s>
<time>137_00:04:38,682 --> 00:04:39,401</time>
<s>你们可以拍他</s>
<time>138_00:04:39,762 --> 00:04:40,482</time>
<s>看他下来</s>
<time>139_00:04:41,202 --> 00:04:41,922</time>
<s>睡着了吧</s>
<time>140_00:04:43,362 --> 00:04:43,722</time>
<s>咳嗽</s>
<time>141_00:04:44,082 --> 00:04:44,802</time>
<s>你有一个扫描</s>
<time>142_00:04:45,162 --> 00:04:45,882</time>
<s>动了一下</s>
<time>143_00:04:46,962 --> 00:04:47,322</time>
<s>是吗</s>
<time>144_00:04:48,042 --> 00:04:48,762</time>
<s>我正常健康吗我</s>
<time>145_00:04:49,122 --> 00:04:49,482</time>
<s>非常健康</s>
<time>146_00:04:49,841 --> 00:04:50,202</time>
<s>真的啊</s>
<time>147_00:04:50,562 --> 00:04:51,282</time>
<s>特别的健康</s>
<time>148_00:04:52,362 --> 00:04:53,801</time>
<s>我以为已经过五百年了</s>
<time>149_00:04:54,162 --> 00:04:55,242</time>
<s>结果还是这样</s>
<time>150_00:04:55,961 --> 00:04:56,322</time>
<s>而且我觉得我</s>
<time>151_00:04:56,682 --> 00:04:57,402</time>
<s>我穿梭到另一个世界</s>
<time>152_00:04:57,762 --> 00:04:58,482</time>
<s>我第一次做这个</s>
<time>153_00:04:58,842 --> 00:04:59,202</time>
<s>对然后</s>
<time>154_00:04:59,562 --> 00:05:00,642</time>
<s>来看看你的脑子</s>
<time>155_00:05:01,362 --> 00:05:03,162</time>
<s>我不敢看了</s>
<time>156_00:05:27,642 --> 00:05:28,722</time>
<s>倦怠总会袭来</s>
<time>157_00:05:30,162 --> 00:05:31,241</time>
<s>你渴望新的感受</s>
<time>158_00:05:32,321 --> 00:05:33,762</time>
<s>一条从未踏足的小径</s>
<time>159_00:05:34,841 --> 00:05:36,282</time>
<s>一个突然到来的朋友</s>
<time>160_00:05:37,362 --> 00:05:38,442</time>
<s>或是一个意外的包子</s>
<time>161_00:05:41,682 --> 00:05:42,401</time>
<s>但旧与新</s>
<time>162_00:05:43,122 --> 00:05:44,202</time>
<s>从来是紧密的链条</s>
<time>163_00:05:46,002 --> 00:05:46,722</time>
<s>唯内在笃定</s>
<time>164_00:05:47,801 --> 00:05:49,242</time>
<s>才不断激发外在探索</s>
<time>165_00:05:51,762 --> 00:05:52,122</time>
<s>因为你始终知道</s>
<time>166_00:05:53,562 --> 00:05:54,642</time>
<s>爱是一切的源头</s>
<time>167_00:05:56,442 --> 00:05:56,802</time>
<s>新道路</s>
<time>168_00:05:57,522 --> 00:05:58,602</time>
<s>总因它意外浮现</s>
<time>169_00:06:01,122 --> 00:06:02,562</time>
<s>唯爱与生命不可辜负</s>
<time>170_00:06:39,282 --> 00:06:40,362</time>
<s>我找了好多您的论文</s>
<time>171_00:06:40,722 --> 00:06:41,802</time>
<s>基本看不懂</s>
<time>172_00:06:42,162 --> 00:06:42,882</time>
<s>找了好多论文</s>
<time>173_00:06:46,482 --> 00:06:47,562</time>
<s>有些论文</s>
<time>174_00:06:47,922 --> 00:06:48,642</time>
<s>非常有创意</s>
<time>175_00:06:49,002 --> 00:06:50,442</time>
<s>但其实并没有那么重要</s>
<time>176_00:06:52,962 --> 00:06:53,682</time>
<s>你看这个是我在做</s>
<time>177_00:06:54,042 --> 00:06:55,482</time>
<s>博士后期间</s>
<time>178_00:06:55,842 --> 00:06:56,922</time>
<s>发了一篇《自然》（收录的论文）</s>
<time>179_00:06:57,282 --> 00:06:58,722</time>
<s>《自然》杂志通讯篇</s>
<time>180_00:06:59,442 --> 00:06:59,802</time>
<s>这个杂志挺好</s>
<time>181_00:07:00,162 --> 00:07:01,242</time>
<s>但这个工作不重要</s>
<time>182_00:07:03,402 --> 00:07:04,482</time>
<s>发论文是有一定的技巧的</s>
<time>183_00:07:04,842 --> 00:07:06,282</time>
<s>哪些东西全了</s>
<time>184_00:07:07,362 --> 00:07:09,162</time>
<s>然后再加一个比较有名的人</s>
<time>185_00:07:09,522 --> 00:07:09,882</time>
<s>就可以进去</s>
<time>186_00:07:10,962 --> 00:07:11,682</time>
<s>就也是个八股文</s>
<time>187_00:07:12,042 --> 00:07:12,402</time>
<s>某种意义上对</s>
<time>188_00:07:13,122 --> 00:07:13,842</time>
<s>也就是说我学会了这套</s>
<time>189_00:07:14,202 --> 00:07:14,922</time>
<s>这是1995年发的</s>
<time>190_00:07:15,282 --> 00:07:15,642</time>
<s>这套术语</s>
<time>191_00:07:16,002 --> 00:07:17,082</time>
<s>这套语言方法</s>
<time>192_00:07:17,442 --> 00:07:17,802</time>
<s>所以你就学会了</s>
<time>193_00:07:18,162 --> 00:07:19,602</time>
<s>你知道什么是重要的</s>
<time>194_00:07:19,962 --> 00:07:20,682</time>
<s>几个重要的因素都有了</s>
<time>195_00:07:21,762 --> 00:07:22,842</time>
<s>你就一往无前</s>
<time>196_00:07:23,922 --> 00:07:24,282</time>
<s>全身心投入</s>
<time>197_00:07:25,722 --> 00:07:26,442</time>
<s>就搞了一个东西</s>
<time>198_00:07:26,802 --> 00:07:27,882</time>
<s>其实我并不自豪</s>
<time>199_00:07:28,242 --> 00:07:29,322</time>
<s>我不太在乎这个论文</s>
<time>200_00:07:29,682 --> 00:07:30,042</time>
<s>但是就进去了</s>
<time>201_00:07:30,402 --> 00:07:31,122</time>
<s>那就</s>
<time>202_00:07:32,562 --> 00:07:33,282</time>
<s>帮我找工作就很容易</s>
<time>203_00:07:34,002 --> 00:07:34,362</time>
<s>你到哪里去</s>
<time>204_00:07:34,722 --> 00:07:35,442</time>
<s>都会有面试的机会</s>
<time>205_00:07:35,802 --> 00:07:36,522</time>
<s>然后你讲得好一点</s>
<time>206_00:07:36,882 --> 00:07:37,602</time>
<s>人家就要你了</s>
<time>207_00:07:39,402 --> 00:07:40,482</time>
<s>但这篇《自然》的文章是</s>
<time>208_00:07:40,842 --> 00:07:41,922</time>
<s>特别重要的一篇文章</s>
<time>209_00:07:42,642 --> 00:07:43,362</time>
<s>这篇文章</s>
<time>210_00:07:43,722 --> 00:07:44,802</time>
<s>发表了以后</s>
<time>211_00:07:45,162 --> 00:07:46,242</time>
<s>就奠定了</s>
<time>212_00:07:46,602 --> 00:07:48,042</time>
<s>我在学术界的地位</s>
<time>213_00:07:48,402 --> 00:07:49,482</time>
<s>我就知道了好了</s>
<time>214_00:07:49,842 --> 00:07:50,202</time>
<s>我成了</s>
<time>215_00:07:51,282 --> 00:07:51,642</time>
<s>就是轰动啊</s>
<time>216_00:07:52,002 --> 00:07:52,362</time>
<s>当时就轰动</s>
<time>217_00:07:53,082 --> 00:07:55,962</time>
<s>神经营养因子对细胞突出的</s>
<time>218_00:07:56,322 --> 00:07:58,842</time>
<s>高频刺激和长时记忆的调节</s>
<time>219_00:07:59,202 --> 00:07:59,562</time>
<s>这个讲得有点</s>
<time>220_00:07:59,922 --> 00:08:00,642</time>
<s>有点</s>
<time>221_00:08:01,002 --> 00:08:02,082</time>
<s>但最主要的事就是</s>
<time>222_00:08:03,522 --> 00:08:04,242</time>
<s>神经营养因子</s>
<time>223_00:08:04,602 --> 00:08:05,322</time>
<s>调控这个东西叫</s>
<time>224_00:08:05,682 --> 00:08:07,482</time>
<s>LTP（长时程增强作用）</s>
<time>225_00:08:07,842 --> 00:08:08,562</time>
<s>是啥意思呢</s>
<time>226_00:08:08,922 --> 00:08:10,722</time>
<s>我先要讲一个概念叫“突触”</s>
<time>227_00:08:11,442 --> 00:08:11,802</time>
<s>神经细胞之间</s>
<time>228_00:08:12,162 --> 00:08:13,242</time>
<s>信息的传递</s>
<time>229_00:08:13,602 --> 00:08:15,042</time>
<s>它有一个线叫“轴突”</s>
<time>230_00:08:15,402 --> 00:08:16,842</time>
<s>前一个细胞发一根线过来</s>
<time>231_00:08:17,202 --> 00:08:19,002</time>
<s>接触的这个地方</s>
<time>232_00:08:19,722 --> 00:08:21,522</time>
<s>我们把它叫做“突触”</s>
<time>233_00:08:22,242 --> 00:08:23,322</time>
<s>也就是说前面的信息</s>
<time>234_00:08:23,682 --> 00:08:24,762</time>
<s>在“突触”这个地方</s>
<time>235_00:08:25,122 --> 00:08:27,282</time>
<s>通过一个化学的分子</s>
<time>236_00:08:27,642 --> 00:08:28,362</time>
<s>传到了后面一个细胞</s>
<time>237_00:08:30,162 --> 00:08:31,242</time>
<s>那么在“突触”前</s>
<time>238_00:08:31,602 --> 00:08:32,322</time>
<s>给一个（刺激）</s>
<time>239_00:08:32,682 --> 00:08:33,042</time>
<s>有一个反应</s>
<time>240_00:08:34,122 --> 00:08:34,482</time>
<s>有一个反应</s>
<time>241_00:08:34,842 --> 00:08:36,642</time>
<s>这个反应的大小</s>
<time>242_00:08:37,002 --> 00:08:37,722</time>
<s>是可以测量的</s>
<time>243_00:08:38,082 --> 00:08:39,162</time>
<s>然后它突然</s>
<time>244_00:08:39,522 --> 00:08:40,602</time>
<s>给一百个</s>
<time>245_00:08:40,962 --> 00:08:42,042</time>
<s>高频刺激</s>
<time>246_00:08:42,402 --> 00:08:43,122</time>
<s>这个时候你就会发现</s>
<time>247_00:08:43,482 --> 00:08:44,202</time>
<s>“突触”后的反应</s>
<time>248_00:08:44,562 --> 00:08:45,282</time>
<s>它突然变大了</s>
<time>249_00:08:46,002 --> 00:08:47,082</time>
<s>所以叫“增强效应”</s>
<time>250_00:08:47,442 --> 00:08:48,882</time>
<s>它的“突触”是会长的</s>
<time>251_00:08:49,242 --> 00:08:50,681</time>
<s>假如说这个刺激以后</s>
<time>252_00:08:51,042 --> 00:08:52,841</time>
<s>变得一直很长了</s>
<time>253_00:08:53,202 --> 00:08:53,562</time>
<s>人家就觉得</s>
<time>254_00:08:53,922 --> 00:08:54,642</time>
<s>这个东西</s>
<time>255_00:08:55,002 --> 00:08:56,082</time>
<s>是跟“学习记忆”有关系</s>
<time>256_00:08:56,442 --> 00:08:57,522</time>
<s>因为我给你一个刺激</s>
<time>257_00:08:57,882 --> 00:08:58,242</time>
<s>你记住了</s>
<time>258_00:08:58,602 --> 00:08:59,322</time>
<s>你今天记住了</s>
<time>259_00:08:59,682 --> 00:09:00,402</time>
<s>明天也记住了</s>
<time>260_00:09:01,122 --> 00:09:01,482</time>
<s>那么这就叫</s>
<time>261_00:09:01,841 --> 00:09:03,282</time>
<s>长时程增强作用</s>
<time>262_00:09:04,362 --> 00:09:05,082</time>
<s>那回过头来再来讲</s>
<time>263_00:09:05,442 --> 00:09:06,522</time>
<s>这篇文章为什么重要</s>
<time>264_00:09:07,602 --> 00:09:07,962</time>
<s>那个时候</s>
<time>265_00:09:08,322 --> 00:09:09,402</time>
<s>做LTP（长时程增强作用）的人</s>
<time>266_00:09:09,761 --> 00:09:10,842</time>
<s>大多数人没有听过</s>
<time>267_00:09:11,202 --> 00:09:12,282</time>
<s>“神经营养因子”这回事</s>
<time>268_00:09:12,642 --> 00:09:14,082</time>
<s>他们只知道“突触可塑性”</s>
<time>269_00:09:14,442 --> 00:09:15,162</time>
<s>因为“神经营养因子”</s>
<time>270_00:09:15,522 --> 00:09:15,882</time>
<s>是一个发育里面的（概念）</s>
<time>271_00:09:16,242 --> 00:09:17,681</time>
<s>因为我一开始是做发育的</s>
<time>272_00:09:18,042 --> 00:09:19,122</time>
<s>脑子在长大的时候</s>
<time>273_00:09:19,482 --> 00:09:19,842</time>
<s>需要营养因子</s>
<time>274_00:09:20,562 --> 00:09:20,922</time>
<s>所以它发现的时候</s>
<time>275_00:09:21,282 --> 00:09:22,002</time>
<s>也是这样发现的</s>
<time>276_00:09:22,721 --> 00:09:23,442</time>
<s>所以我在这篇文章</s>
<time>277_00:09:23,802 --> 00:09:24,882</time>
<s>把这两个东西放在一起了</s>
<time>278_00:09:25,602 --> 00:09:25,962</time>
<s>就是你把这个</s>
<time>279_00:09:26,322 --> 00:09:27,402</time>
<s>“神经营养因子”往里面一加</s>
<time>280_00:09:27,761 --> 00:09:28,482</time>
<s>这个LTP（长时程增强作用）</s>
<time>281_00:09:28,841 --> 00:09:29,202</time>
<s>本来不出现的</s>
<time>282_00:09:29,562 --> 00:09:29,922</time>
<s>现在出现了</s>
<time>283_00:09:31,002 --> 00:09:31,721</time>
<s>这个事情就使得</s>
<time>284_00:09:32,082 --> 00:09:32,442</time>
<s>很多人很激动</s>
<time>285_00:09:32,802 --> 00:09:33,522</time>
<s>因为假如说你把</s>
<time>286_00:09:33,882 --> 00:09:34,602</time>
<s>LTP（长时程增强作用）</s>
<time>287_00:09:34,962 --> 00:09:35,681</time>
<s>看成是“学习记忆”的话</s>
<time>288_00:09:36,762 --> 00:09:37,842</time>
<s>你突然有一个东西</s>
<time>289_00:09:38,922 --> 00:09:40,002</time>
<s>LTP（长时程增强作用）出现</s>
<time>290_00:09:40,362 --> 00:09:41,442</time>
<s>那我假如说我笨的话</s>
<time>291_00:09:41,802 --> 00:09:42,522</time>
<s>我是不是可以</s>
<time>292_00:09:42,882 --> 00:09:43,602</time>
<s>加这东西让我</s>
<time>293_00:09:43,961 --> 00:09:45,042</time>
<s>它一下突然</s>
<time>294_00:09:45,402 --> 00:09:46,122</time>
<s>一个新的门打开了</s>
<time>295_00:09:46,482 --> 00:09:46,841</time>
<s>对</s>
<time>296_00:09:47,202 --> 00:09:49,002</time>
<s>而且使得两个领域的人</s>
<time>297_00:09:49,362 --> 00:09:50,082</time>
<s>可以融合了</s>
<time>298_00:09:50,442 --> 00:09:51,882</time>
<s>所以就变成了一个新的领域</s>
<time>299_00:09:52,242 --> 00:09:55,122</time>
<s>叫“神经营养因子调控突触”</s>
<time>300_00:09:55,482 --> 00:09:56,202</time>
<s>有一段时间</s>
<time>301_00:09:56,561 --> 00:09:58,362</time>
<s>这个是一个非常热门的课题</s>
<time>302_00:09:58,722 --> 00:09:59,082</time>
<s>就是越来越多的人</s>
<time>303_00:09:59,442 --> 00:09:59,801</time>
<s>来干这个事情</s>
<time>304_00:10:00,522 --> 00:10:01,602</time>
<s>1996年</s>
<time>305_00:10:01,962 --> 00:10:03,402</time>
<s>这是1996年的</s>
<time>306_00:10:03,762 --> 00:10:05,202</time>
<s>其实你看我发了</s>
<time>307_00:10:05,561 --> 00:10:07,362</time>
<s>将近现在有150来篇</s>
<time>308_00:10:08,442 --> 00:10:09,162</time>
<s>其实只有</s>
<time>309_00:10:09,522 --> 00:10:09,882</time>
<s>两篇三篇</s>
<time>310_00:10:10,242 --> 00:10:10,602</time>
<s>是特别重要的</s>
<time>311_00:10:10,962 --> 00:10:12,042</time>
<s>这是其中一篇</s>
<time>312_00:10:12,402 --> 00:10:13,122</time>
<s>还有2003年那篇</s>
<time>313_00:10:13,482 --> 00:10:14,202</time>
<s>还有就是2003年这一篇</s>
<time>314_00:10:14,562 --> 00:10:14,922</time>
<s>那2003年</s>
<time>315_00:10:15,282 --> 00:10:16,362</time>
<s>是另外一个转拆</s>
<time>316_00:10:16,721 --> 00:10:17,082</time>
<s>就是进入人了</s>
<time>317_00:10:17,442 --> 00:10:18,522</time>
<s>进入转化了</s>
<time>318_00:10:43,362 --> 00:10:45,162</time>
<s>拍一个正面的</s>
<time>319_00:10:45,882 --> 00:10:46,602</time>
<s>谢谢没事</s>
<time>320_00:10:47,682 --> 00:10:48,042</time>
<s>追星现场</s>
<time>321_00:10:48,762 --> 00:10:49,482</time>
<s>你是做什么研究</s>
<time>322_00:10:49,842 --> 00:10:50,202</time>
<s>神经科</s>
<time>323_00:10:51,282 --> 00:10:52,002</time>
<s>我们拿书来找您签名了</s>
<time>324_00:10:52,362 --> 00:10:53,082</time>
<s>做过这个测试</s>
<time>325_00:10:53,442 --> 00:10:54,522</time>
<s>还能写得出来吗</s>
<time>326_00:10:54,882 --> 00:10:55,602</time>
<s>他们测完我有障碍</s>
<time>327_00:10:55,962 --> 00:10:57,042</time>
<s>他说我有障碍</s>
<time>328_00:10:57,402 --> 00:10:58,482</time>
<s>机器测完了没问题吧</s>
<time>329_00:10:58,842 --> 00:10:59,922</time>
<s>脑血管对</s>
<time>330_00:11:00,282 --> 00:11:01,721</time>
<s>但是脑子有萎缩</s>
<time>331_00:11:02,082 --> 00:11:03,522</time>
<s>开始萎缩了我</s>
<time>332_00:11:05,322 --> 00:11:07,482</time>
<s>得吸点氧气</s>
<time>333_00:11:08,562 --> 00:11:09,642</time>
<s>今天太好玩了</s>
<time>334_00:11:10,002 --> 00:11:10,722</time>
<s>神奇之旅</s>
<time>335_00:11:12,881 --> 00:11:13,242</time>
<s>主要是你讲话</s>
<time>336_00:11:13,602 --> 00:11:14,682</time>
<s>还很好玩</s>
<time>337_00:11:15,762 --> 00:11:16,122</time>
<s>你是不是学生时代</s>
<time>338_00:11:16,482 --> 00:11:17,202</time>
<s>就挺调皮的</s>
<time>339_00:11:17,562 --> 00:11:18,282</time>
<s>我是属于那种</s>
<time>340_00:11:18,641 --> 00:11:19,362</time>
<s>最不守纪律</s>
<time>341_00:11:19,722 --> 00:11:20,082</time>
<s>是吧</s>
<time>342_00:11:20,442 --> 00:11:21,162</time>
<s>就这感觉</s>
<time>343_00:11:21,522 --> 00:11:22,602</time>
<s>学生时代吊儿郎当那种</s>
<time>344_00:11:22,962 --> 00:11:23,322</time>
<s>对</s>
<time>345_00:11:23,681 --> 00:11:24,402</time>
<s>我们学生时是这样</s>
<time>346_00:11:24,762 --> 00:11:26,202</time>
<s>所以我们老师</s>
<time>347_00:11:26,561 --> 00:11:27,282</time>
<s>总是要</s>
<time>348_00:11:27,642 --> 00:11:28,362</time>
<s>拿我们说事的</s>
<time>349_00:11:28,722 --> 00:11:30,162</time>
<s>就不太正经的学生</s>
<time>350_00:11:30,882 --> 00:11:32,682</time>
<s>要不我们就先到楼上去</s>
<time>351_00:11:33,042 --> 00:11:33,762</time>
<s>好</s>
<time>352_00:11:37,002 --> 00:11:38,082</time>
<s>所以我这个脑子的案例</s>
<time>353_00:11:38,442 --> 00:11:39,881</time>
<s>也会对科学研究有帮助吗</s>
<time>354_00:11:43,482 --> 00:11:44,561</time>
<s>你这么直接吗鲁老师</s>
<time>355_00:11:44,922 --> 00:11:46,002</time>
<s>没帮助</s>
<time>356_00:11:47,082 --> 00:11:47,802</time>
<s>我们科学最怕的就是</s>
<time>357_00:11:48,162 --> 00:11:48,882</time>
<s>n=1</s>
<time>358_00:11:49,242 --> 00:11:51,762</time>
<s>除非你是一个特殊的情况</s>
<time>359_00:11:52,482 --> 00:11:54,282</time>
<s>有的有帮助的</s>
<time>360_00:11:54,642 --> 00:11:55,362</time>
<s>基本上一般来说</s>
<time>361_00:11:55,722 --> 00:11:56,802</time>
<s>把很多病人的情况平均</s>
<time>362_00:11:57,522 --> 00:11:57,882</time>
<s>然后来看看这个</s>
<time>363_00:11:58,242 --> 00:11:59,322</time>
<s>人脑的功能是什么样的</s>
<time>364_00:11:59,681 --> 00:12:00,402</time>
<s>估计没啥帮助</s>
<time>365_00:12:00,762 --> 00:12:01,842</time>
<s>统计部影</s>
<time>366_00:12:02,562 --> 00:12:03,282</time>
<s>这五楼是我们一般</s>
<time>367_00:12:03,642 --> 00:12:04,362</time>
<s>开会</s>
<time>368_00:12:04,721 --> 00:12:05,082</time>
<s>交流</s>
<time>369_00:12:05,801 --> 00:12:07,601</time>
<s>您一周这儿会待几次呢</s>
<time>370_00:12:07,962 --> 00:12:08,681</time>
<s>也不是很多</s>
<time>371_00:12:09,042 --> 00:12:10,122</time>
<s>我一般都在清华</s>
<time>372_00:12:10,842 --> 00:12:11,561</time>
<s>我现在做的很多工作</s>
<time>373_00:12:11,922 --> 00:12:13,002</time>
<s>尽管是在学术界</s>
<time>374_00:12:13,362 --> 00:12:14,082</time>
<s>但是做的很多</s>
<time>375_00:12:14,442 --> 00:12:15,882</time>
<s>是跟治疗有关的</s>
<time>376_00:12:16,242 --> 00:12:16,961</time>
<s>所以我会经常来这里</s>
<time>377_00:12:20,921 --> 00:12:21,641</time>
<s>我们要请哪个</s>
<time>378_00:12:22,002 --> 00:12:23,442</time>
<s>工程师来帮我们先弄</s>
<time>379_00:12:23,801 --> 00:12:24,522</time>
<s>还是怎么样</s>
<time>380_00:12:25,962 --> 00:12:27,042</time>
<s>这个质控中心最早</s>
<time>381_00:12:27,402 --> 00:12:28,482</time>
<s>是做脑卒中的</s>
<time>382_00:12:28,842 --> 00:12:31,002</time>
<s>那后来呢就全国的</s>
<time>383_00:12:31,722 --> 00:12:32,082</time>
<s>各种各样的病</s>
<time>384_00:12:32,442 --> 00:12:33,882</time>
<s>疾病（数据）都开始</s>
<time>385_00:12:34,242 --> 00:12:34,602</time>
<s>都集中到这里面了</s>
<time>386_00:12:34,962 --> 00:12:36,762</time>
<s>那可以看出不同地域之间</s>
<time>387_00:12:37,482 --> 00:12:37,842</time>
<s>当然可以看出来</s>
<time>388_00:12:38,562 --> 00:12:39,642</time>
<s>哪个地域最严重</s>
<time>389_00:12:40,002 --> 00:12:40,722</time>
<s>比如说老年痴呆</s>
<time>390_00:12:41,442 --> 00:12:42,882</time>
<s>这个有点误导</s>
<time>391_00:12:43,242 --> 00:12:43,962</time>
<s>你看这个并不是说</s>
<time>392_00:12:44,322 --> 00:12:45,402</time>
<s>这个地方的病人多</s>
<time>393_00:12:45,762 --> 00:12:46,482</time>
<s>它的收容能力</s>
<time>394_00:12:46,842 --> 00:12:47,922</time>
<s>而是病人喜欢到这个地方去</s>
<time>395_00:12:48,282 --> 00:12:49,362</time>
<s>那你没办法这个地方</s>
<time>396_00:12:49,722 --> 00:12:50,442</time>
<s>（病例）就特别多</s>
<time>397_00:12:50,802 --> 00:12:51,162</time>
<s>12012013201202你看那北京激</s>
<time>398_00:12:54,042 --> 00:12:54,762</time>
<s>有的是跑到上海</s>
<time>399_00:12:55,122 --> 00:12:55,482</time>
<s>做主要的治疗</s>
<time>400_00:12:55,842 --> 00:12:56,562</time>
<s>然后我们可以看</s>
<time>401_00:12:56,922 --> 00:12:57,642</time>
<s>各种各样的疾病</s>
<time>402_00:12:58,722 --> 00:12:59,442</time>
<s>这其实很震撼的</s>
<time>403_00:12:59,802 --> 00:13:01,242</time>
<s>它有各种各样的数据</s>
<time>404_00:13:01,962 --> 00:13:03,402</time>
<s>这个</s>
<time>405_00:13:04,122 --> 00:13:05,202</time>
<s>质控中心有啥用呢</s>
<time>406_00:13:05,562 --> 00:13:06,642</time>
<s>你看我们每年会出一本</s>
<time>407_00:13:07,002 --> 00:13:08,442</time>
<s>所谓的叫“白皮书”</s>
<time>408_00:13:08,802 --> 00:13:10,962</time>
<s>就是说我们一年里面</s>
<time>409_00:13:11,322 --> 00:13:12,042</time>
<s>我们通过这个数据</s>
<time>410_00:13:12,402 --> 00:13:13,482</time>
<s>我们学到了什么</s>
<time>411_00:13:13,842 --> 00:13:14,922</time>
<s>白皮书就会推荐说</s>
<time>412_00:13:15,282 --> 00:13:16,002</time>
<s>我们现在要改变</s>
<time>413_00:13:16,362 --> 00:13:16,722</time>
<s>我们的做法</s>
<time>414_00:13:17,082 --> 00:13:18,522</time>
<s>比如说我们要</s>
<time>415_00:13:18,882 --> 00:13:21,042</time>
<s>减轻饮食里面的盐的含量</s>
<time>416_00:13:21,402 --> 00:13:23,922</time>
<s>或者是等等</s>
<time>417_00:13:24,642 --> 00:13:26,802</time>
<s>这是癫痫的是吧</s>
<time>418_00:13:27,162 --> 00:13:28,602</time>
<s>对都是这个2020年版的</s>
<time>419_00:13:28,962 --> 00:13:30,042</time>
<s>一年出一本</s>
<time>420_00:13:31,842 --> 00:13:32,202</time>
<s>做医生呢</s>
<time>421_00:13:32,562 --> 00:13:35,082</time>
<s>最高水平叫改变指南</s>
<time>422_00:13:35,442 --> 00:13:37,602</time>
<s>我发明的东西最后给全中国</s>
<time>423_00:13:37,962 --> 00:13:40,122</time>
<s>甚至改变全世界的人的指南</s>
<time>424_00:13:40,482 --> 00:13:41,922</time>
<s>改变指南是</s>
<time>425_00:13:42,282 --> 00:13:43,722</time>
<s>医生的最大成就</s>
<time>426_00:13:44,082 --> 00:13:45,882</time>
<s>这就可以说改善人类社会了</s>
<time>427_00:13:46,242 --> 00:13:47,322</time>
<s>对就是</s>
<time>428_00:13:47,682 --> 00:13:49,482</time>
<s>每一个行业有不同的</s>
<time>429_00:13:49,842 --> 00:13:50,562</time>
<s>这个评判的标准</s>
<time>430_00:13:50,922 --> 00:13:52,722</time>
<s>像我们做科学就是</s>
<time>431_00:13:53,082 --> 00:13:54,882</time>
<s>你发表的论文的引用量</s>
<time>432_00:13:55,242 --> 00:13:57,042</time>
<s>引用量引用了多少</s>
<time>433_00:13:57,402 --> 00:13:58,842</time>
<s>然后再引用多一点的话</s>
<time>434_00:13:59,202 --> 00:14:00,282</time>
<s>就大家变成一个公认的东西</s>
<time>435_00:14:00,642 --> 00:14:02,082</time>
<s>就能够进入教科书</s>
<time>436_00:14:02,442 --> 00:14:03,162</time>
<s>教科书说</s>
<time>437_00:14:03,522 --> 00:14:05,322</time>
<s>你做的工作可以这个</s>
<time>438_00:14:06,042 --> 00:14:07,482</time>
<s>然后有时教科书也是错的</s>
<time>439_00:14:07,842 --> 00:14:08,202</time>
<s>以后被人</s>
