<time>440_00:14:08,562 --> 00:14:08,922</time>
<s>被人修改了</s>
<time>441_00:14:09,282 --> 00:14:09,642</time>
<s>对</s>
<time>442_00:14:10,002 --> 00:14:10,722</time>
<s>错了也重要</s>
<time>443_00:14:11,082 --> 00:14:11,802</time>
<s>对科学里面有很多</s>
<time>444_00:14:12,162 --> 00:14:12,882</time>
<s>是这样的</s>
<time>445_00:14:13,242 --> 00:14:13,962</time>
<s>而且有时候为了否定你</s>
<time>446_00:14:14,322 --> 00:14:15,042</time>
<s>然后创造一个新的东西</s>
<time>447_00:14:15,402 --> 00:14:16,842</time>
<s>对是</s>
<time>448_00:14:19,002 --> 00:14:20,082</time>
<s>那比如说像您写的论文</s>
<time>449_00:14:20,442 --> 00:14:20,802</time>
<s>包括一开始研究</s>
<time>450_00:14:21,162 --> 00:14:21,882</time>
<s>它都是要在一个</s>
<time>451_00:14:22,242 --> 00:14:24,402</time>
<s>非常细的一个分类里面</s>
<time>452_00:14:25,122 --> 00:14:25,842</time>
<s>到后来您什么时候</s>
<time>453_00:14:26,202 --> 00:14:27,282</time>
<s>对脑科学这个大概念</s>
<time>454_00:14:27,642 --> 00:14:28,722</time>
<s>慢慢更清晰起来</s>
<time>455_00:14:29,082 --> 00:14:30,162</time>
<s>对整个大脑的运转</s>
<time>456_00:14:30,522 --> 00:14:31,602</time>
<s>发生更强的兴趣</s>
<time>457_00:14:32,322 --> 00:14:33,042</time>
<s>这个转变是怎么慢慢</s>
<time>458_00:14:33,402 --> 00:14:35,562</time>
<s>这个转变是2003年以后</s>
<time>459_00:14:36,282 --> 00:14:37,362</time>
<s>2003年发现了人的</s>
<time>460_00:14:37,722 --> 00:14:38,802</time>
<s>BDNF（脑源性神经营养因子）</s>
<time>461_00:14:39,162 --> 00:14:39,882</time>
<s>基因的变异</s>
<time>462_00:14:40,242 --> 00:14:40,962</time>
<s>然后</s>
<time>463_00:14:41,322 --> 00:14:41,682</time>
<s>就突然一下</s>
<time>464_00:14:42,762 --> 00:14:44,562</time>
<s>被很多我原来根本不在的</s>
<time>465_00:14:44,922 --> 00:14:46,002</time>
<s>那个领域里面邀请去</s>
<time>466_00:14:46,722 --> 00:14:47,802</time>
<s>就是今天是</s>
<time>467_00:14:48,162 --> 00:14:48,882</time>
<s>精神分裂的那个领域</s>
<time>468_00:14:49,242 --> 00:14:50,682</time>
<s>明天是抑郁症的领域叫你去</s>
<time>469_00:14:51,042 --> 00:14:52,842</time>
<s>后天是什么老年痴呆的领域</s>
<time>470_00:14:53,202 --> 00:14:53,922</time>
<s>那个时候</s>
<time>471_00:14:54,642 --> 00:14:55,362</time>
<s>才是广起来</s>
<time>472_00:14:56,082 --> 00:14:57,162</time>
<s>其实我自己也挺</s>
<time>473_00:14:57,522 --> 00:14:58,602</time>
<s>享受这样的一个</s>
<time>474_00:14:58,962 --> 00:15:00,042</time>
<s>一个过程的就是说</s>
<time>475_00:15:00,402 --> 00:15:02,922</time>
<s>我不断地在学习新的东西</s>
<time>476_00:15:03,282 --> 00:15:04,002</time>
<s>而且这个</s>
<time>477_00:15:04,362 --> 00:15:06,162</time>
<s>给了我一个生活的一个</s>
<time>478_00:15:06,522 --> 00:15:07,962</time>
<s>机遇</s>
<time>479_00:15:08,322 --> 00:15:09,042</time>
<s>因为经常会有</s>
<time>480_00:15:09,402 --> 00:15:09,762</time>
<s>欧洲哪一个国家</s>
<time>481_00:15:10,122 --> 00:15:11,562</time>
<s>瑞士的什么人请你去</s>
<time>482_00:15:11,922 --> 00:15:12,642</time>
<s>一会儿又意大利</s>
<time>483_00:15:13,002 --> 00:15:13,722</time>
<s>这个什么什么会</s>
<time>484_00:15:14,442 --> 00:15:15,162</time>
<s>本来其实</s>
<time>485_00:15:15,882 --> 00:15:16,962</time>
<s>从穷学生到穷教授</s>
<time>486_00:15:17,322 --> 00:15:18,042</time>
<s>也没有那么多的那个</s>
<time>487_00:15:18,762 --> 00:15:20,202</time>
<s>到处旅行的机会</s>
<time>488_00:15:20,562 --> 00:15:22,002</time>
<s>所以就拓展了我对</s>
<time>489_00:15:22,362 --> 00:15:23,082</time>
<s>其它地方的</s>
<time>490_00:15:23,442 --> 00:15:24,522</time>
<s>文化历史的这个</s>
<time>491_00:15:24,882 --> 00:15:25,242</time>
<s>了解</s>
<time>492_00:15:26,322 --> 00:15:27,402</time>
<s>包括你以前提过</s>
<time>493_00:15:27,762 --> 00:15:29,202</time>
<s>BDNF（脑源性神经营养因子）</s>
<time>494_00:15:29,562 --> 00:15:30,282</time>
<s>你说中国人的这个</s>
<time>495_00:15:30,642 --> 00:15:31,722</time>
<s>是M型还是什么型</s>
<time>496_00:15:32,442 --> 00:15:33,882</time>
<s>M型的比较多一点</s>
<time>497_00:15:34,242 --> 00:15:35,322</time>
<s>比较多一点相对比较</s>
<time>498_00:15:35,682 --> 00:15:38,202</time>
<s>这能说明什么问题呢</s>
<time>499_00:15:38,562 --> 00:15:38,922</time>
<s>只是说这个</s>
<time>500_00:15:39,282 --> 00:15:40,362</time>
<s>种系的差异吧</s>
<time>501_00:15:41,442 --> 00:15:42,162</time>
<s>就是M型</s>
<time>502_00:15:42,522 --> 00:15:42,882</time>
<s>他的BDNF（脑源性神经营养因子</s>
<time>503_00:15:43,242 --> 00:15:43,962</time>
<s>释放的量少一点</s>
<time>504_00:15:44,322 --> 00:15:45,042</time>
<s>因为BDNF（脑源性神经营养因子）</s>
<time>505_00:15:45,402 --> 00:15:47,562</time>
<s>对突触对学习记忆很重要</s>
<time>506_00:15:47,922 --> 00:15:48,642</time>
<s>所以你释放少一点</s>
<time>507_00:15:49,002 --> 00:15:50,442</time>
<s>你的记忆就差一点</s>
<time>508_00:15:51,522 --> 00:15:52,242</time>
<s>这在科研之中算</s>
<time>509_00:15:52,602 --> 00:15:54,042</time>
<s>很政治不正确的推进吗</s>
<time>510_00:15:54,402 --> 00:15:55,122</time>
<s>如果这么研究</s>
<time>511_00:15:55,482 --> 00:15:56,562</time>
<s>当年的“优生学”不就这样的</s>
<time>512_00:15:56,922 --> 00:15:57,642</time>
<s>推进的</s>
<time>513_00:15:58,002 --> 00:15:58,722</time>
<s>但是这个不算</s>
<time>514_00:15:59,082 --> 00:16:00,162</time>
<s>这个不算</s>
<time>515_00:16:00,522 --> 00:16:02,322</time>
<s>因为一个基因的变异</s>
<time>516_00:16:02,682 --> 00:16:04,842</time>
<s>之所以能够存在到今天</s>
<time>517_00:16:05,202 --> 00:16:07,002</time>
<s>它可能有不同的</s>
<time>518_00:16:07,362 --> 00:16:09,162</time>
<s>自身的优势</s>
<time>519_00:16:09,522 --> 00:16:09,882</time>
<s>M型</s>
<time>520_00:16:10,242 --> 00:16:10,962</time>
<s>BDNF(脑源性神经营养因子）的人</s>
<time>521_00:16:11,322 --> 00:16:12,402</time>
<s>他的记忆稍微差一点</s>
<time>522_00:16:13,122 --> 00:16:13,482</time>
<s>有可能</s>
<time>523_00:16:13,842 --> 00:16:14,922</time>
<s>他对坏的事情记忆也不好</s>
<time>524_00:16:15,282 --> 00:16:16,362</time>
<s>所以不太容易得抑郁症</s>
<time>525_00:16:17,082 --> 00:16:18,162</time>
<s>就是类似这样的</s>
<time>526_00:16:18,522 --> 00:16:19,962</time>
<s>所以就是说你</s>
<time>527_00:16:20,322 --> 00:16:21,042</time>
<s>你说你跟我不一样</s>
<time>528_00:16:21,402 --> 00:16:22,482</time>
<s>并不是说你比我好</s>
<time>529_00:16:22,842 --> 00:16:23,562</time>
<s>我比你差</s>
<time>530_00:16:23,922 --> 00:16:24,642</time>
<s>而是你有的东西我没有</s>
<time>531_00:16:25,002 --> 00:16:26,082</time>
<s>我有的东西你没有</s>
<time>532_00:16:26,442 --> 00:16:27,882</time>
<s>这就是事实对吧</s>
<time>533_00:16:28,242 --> 00:16:29,322</time>
<s>所以我们必须知道这个</s>
<time>534_00:16:29,682 --> 00:16:30,402</time>
<s>所以这个研究</s>
<time>535_00:16:30,762 --> 00:16:31,482</time>
<s>大家还是</s>
<time>536_00:16:32,562 --> 00:16:33,282</time>
<s>非常认可的</s>
<time>537_00:16:34,362 --> 00:16:35,442</time>
<s>其实你看我们这个研究有时候</s>
<time>538_00:16:36,162 --> 00:16:37,242</time>
<s>就是他有各种各样人</s>
<time>539_00:16:37,602 --> 00:16:39,042</time>
<s>研究各种各样有趣的问题</s>
<time>540_00:16:39,762 --> 00:16:40,482</time>
<s>迈尔斯·林德伯格</s>
<time>541_00:16:41,202 --> 00:16:41,562</time>
<s>我不是做了一个</s>
<time>542_00:16:41,922 --> 00:16:42,642</time>
<s>BDNF（脑源性神经营养因子）</s>
<time>543_00:16:43,002 --> 00:16:43,362</time>
<s>上面有变异吗</s>
<time>544_00:16:43,722 --> 00:16:44,442</time>
<s>他说我去找</s>
<time>545_00:16:44,802 --> 00:16:45,522</time>
<s>MMO（加单氧酶羟化酶基因）里面</s>
<time>546_00:16:45,882 --> 00:16:46,242</time>
<s>有变异的人</s>
<time>547_00:16:46,602 --> 00:16:48,042</time>
<s>找到了以后他就做了一个实验</s>
<time>548_00:16:48,762 --> 00:16:49,842</time>
<s>就是拿那个卡通形象</s>
<time>549_00:16:50,202 --> 00:16:51,282</time>
<s>在电脑上面那个卡通形象</s>
<time>550_00:16:51,642 --> 00:16:52,362</time>
<s>拿一把刀</s>
<time>551_00:16:52,722 --> 00:16:53,442</time>
<s>嘣一下扎下去以后</s>
<time>552_00:16:53,802 --> 00:16:54,522</time>
<s>嘣血出来了</s>
<time>553_00:16:55,242 --> 00:16:55,962</time>
<s>人就死掉了</s>
<time>554_00:16:57,402 --> 00:16:57,762</time>
<s>一般人就扎</s>
<time>555_00:16:58,842 --> 00:17:00,282</time>
<s>那狠一点的人扎两刀</s>
<time>556_00:17:00,642 --> 00:17:02,082</time>
<s>那有的人就</s>
<time>557_00:17:02,442 --> 00:17:03,162</time>
<s>会继续扎下去</s>
<time>558_00:17:04,602 --> 00:17:05,682</time>
<s>当然这只是一个实验</s>
<time>559_00:17:06,042 --> 00:17:06,401</time>
<s>他还有别的实验</s>
<time>560_00:17:06,762 --> 00:17:07,842</time>
<s>最后就发表了一篇论文</s>
<time>561_00:17:08,202 --> 00:17:09,642</time>
<s>就是说有些人</s>
<time>562_00:17:10,002 --> 00:17:11,802</time>
<s>他就是</s>
<time>563_00:17:12,162 --> 00:17:12,522</time>
<s>残忍</s>
<time>564_00:17:13,601 --> 00:17:15,762</time>
<s>他有基因的基础</s>
<time>565_00:17:16,121 --> 00:17:16,482</time>
<s>就是说</s>
<time>566_00:17:16,842 --> 00:17:18,282</time>
<s>我就说最终我们可以通过</s>
<time>567_00:17:18,642 --> 00:17:20,082</time>
<s>生物学的方式来解释这些</s>
<time>568_00:17:21,162 --> 00:17:22,601</time>
<s>现在只是刚开始</s>
<time>569_00:17:22,962 --> 00:17:24,402</time>
<s>我觉得这个</s>
<time>570_00:17:24,761 --> 00:17:25,122</time>
<s>解释</s>
<time>571_00:17:25,482 --> 00:17:26,922</time>
<s>从我那篇文章是第一次</s>
<time>572_00:17:27,642 --> 00:17:28,002</time>
<s>就是</s>
<time>573_00:17:28,362 --> 00:17:29,442</time>
<s>基因是可以决定</s>
<time>574_00:17:29,802 --> 00:17:31,242</time>
<s>你大脑认知的好坏</s>
<time>575_00:17:31,962 --> 00:17:33,042</time>
<s>因为过去</s>
<time>576_00:17:33,402 --> 00:17:34,842</time>
<s>其实这是一个政治不正确</s>
<time>577_00:17:35,202 --> 00:17:35,922</time>
<s>人都是平等的</s>
<time>578_00:17:36,282 --> 00:17:37,002</time>
<s>人家都是一样的</s>
<time>579_00:17:37,361 --> 00:17:39,162</time>
<s>这是一个挺</s>
<time>580_00:17:39,522 --> 00:17:40,242</time>
<s>社会接受不了的一件事情</s>
<time>581_00:17:40,601 --> 00:17:41,682</time>
<s>就是过去大家都觉得</s>
<time>582_00:17:42,042 --> 00:17:42,762</time>
<s>你没证据</s>
<time>583_00:17:43,121 --> 00:17:43,842</time>
<s>你凭啥说有的人</s>
<time>584_00:17:44,202 --> 00:17:44,922</time>
<s>比另外一个人聪明</s>
<time>585_00:17:45,282 --> 00:17:46,002</time>
<s>或者凭啥说</s>
<time>586_00:17:46,722 --> 00:17:48,522</time>
<s>那我们是第一次提供了</s>
<time>587_00:17:49,242 --> 00:17:50,322</time>
<s>基因的证据</s>
<time>588_00:17:51,042 --> 00:17:52,482</time>
<s>人的认知是不一样的</s>
<time>589_00:17:52,842 --> 00:17:53,922</time>
<s>你会担心打开了一个</s>
<time>590_00:17:54,282 --> 00:17:55,362</time>
<s>危险的潘多拉盒子吗</s>
<time>591_00:17:57,162 --> 00:17:57,882</time>
<s>是也不是</s>
<time>592_00:17:58,242 --> 00:17:58,962</time>
<s>就是说我觉得</s>
<time>593_00:17:59,321 --> 00:18:02,202</time>
<s>人类总要面对这个事情</s>
<time>594_00:18:02,561 --> 00:18:04,362</time>
<s>但这个只是一部分</s>
<time>595_00:18:04,722 --> 00:18:05,082</time>
<s>就是说的</s>
<time>596_00:18:05,802 --> 00:18:07,602</time>
<s>基因的差异</s>
<time>597_00:18:08,682 --> 00:18:09,761</time>
<s>你还有你的经验不一样</s>
<time>598_00:18:11,562 --> 00:18:13,002</time>
<s>就说我要克隆我自己</s>
<time>599_00:18:13,722 --> 00:18:15,522</time>
<s>现在理论上讲是可能的</s>
<time>600_00:18:16,242 --> 00:18:16,962</time>
<s>我把一个体细胞拿出来</s>
<time>601_00:18:17,322 --> 00:18:18,042</time>
<s>变成干细胞</s>
<time>602_00:18:18,401 --> 00:18:18,762</time>
<s>然后我就克隆</s>
<time>603_00:18:19,122 --> 00:18:19,842</time>
<s>克隆出来的人跟我一模一样</s>
<time>604_00:18:21,282 --> 00:18:23,442</time>
<s>但你没有我的记忆</s>
<time>605_00:18:23,802 --> 00:18:25,242</time>
<s>你没有我的这个经验</s>
<time>606_00:18:25,602 --> 00:18:26,322</time>
<s>所以这个</s>
<time>607_00:18:26,682 --> 00:18:28,482</time>
<s>定义你是谁的是记忆</s>
<time>608_00:18:29,562 --> 00:18:29,922</time>
<s>其实我觉得</s>
<time>609_00:18:30,282 --> 00:18:31,722</time>
<s>我一开始胆子挺小的</s>
<time>610_00:18:32,082 --> 00:18:32,802</time>
<s>我也挺害羞的</s>
<time>611_00:18:33,162 --> 00:18:34,242</time>
<s>不太愿意跟人家</s>
<time>612_00:18:35,321 --> 00:18:36,762</time>
<s>交往什么东西的</s>
<time>613_00:18:37,122 --> 00:18:40,002</time>
<s>但是因为环境不断地在迫使你</s>
<time>614_00:18:40,362 --> 00:18:41,802</time>
<s>大脑的某一部分被激活</s>
<time>615_00:18:42,162 --> 00:18:42,882</time>
<s>被激发出来对</s>
<time>616_00:18:43,242 --> 00:18:43,962</time>
<s>生长新的细胞</s>
<time>617_00:18:44,322 --> 00:18:45,402</time>
<s>倒不是生长新的细胞</s>
<time>618_00:18:45,762 --> 00:18:46,482</time>
<s>生长新的突触</s>
<time>619_00:18:46,842 --> 00:18:47,922</time>
<s>突触对</s>
<time>620_00:18:48,282 --> 00:18:50,082</time>
<s>这个是大脑神奇的地方</s>
<time>621_00:18:50,802 --> 00:18:51,522</time>
<s>它会长的</s>
<time>622_00:18:59,082 --> 00:18:59,442</time>
<s>你读过那个书</s>
<time>623_00:18:59,802 --> 00:19:00,162</time>
<s>赫拉利的《人类简史》</s>
<time>624_00:19:00,522 --> 00:19:02,322</time>
<s>它里面有一个很重要的观点</s>
<time>625_00:19:03,402 --> 00:19:04,842</time>
<s>就是他说人跟其他动物不一样</s>
<time>626_00:19:05,562 --> 00:19:05,922</time>
<s>就是他早产</s>
<time>627_00:19:07,002 --> 00:19:08,442</time>
<s>早产的原因是人站起来了</s>
<time>628_00:19:08,802 --> 00:19:10,962</time>
<s>站起来这个母亲她承受不住</s>
<time>629_00:19:11,322 --> 00:19:12,042</time>
<s>所以他就早产了</s>
<time>630_00:19:12,402 --> 00:19:14,202</time>
<s>所以那个十月怀胎其实应该</s>
<time>631_00:19:14,562 --> 00:19:16,002</time>
<s>怀很长的时间</s>
<time>632_00:19:16,361 --> 00:19:17,802</time>
<s>那么人一早产了以后</s>
<time>633_00:19:18,162 --> 00:19:19,602</time>
<s>他大脑还没有成熟的时候</s>
<time>634_00:19:19,962 --> 00:19:21,762</time>
<s>他就暴露给周围的环境</s>
<time>635_00:19:22,842 --> 00:19:23,202</time>
<s>那么他就有</s>
<time>636_00:19:23,562 --> 00:19:25,002</time>
<s>这么长的一段时间发育</s>
<time>637_00:19:26,082 --> 00:19:26,802</time>
<s>这个叫“可塑性”</s>
<time>638_00:19:27,161 --> 00:19:27,882</time>
<s>就是它就是来</s>
<time>639_00:19:28,242 --> 00:19:29,322</time>
<s>改造你的大脑</s>
<time>640_00:19:30,402 --> 00:19:31,122</time>
<s>那么就有一个</s>
<time>641_00:19:32,202 --> 00:19:33,642</time>
<s>很重要的学说</s>
<time>642_00:19:34,002 --> 00:19:34,361</time>
<s>叫做</s>
<time>643_00:19:34,722 --> 00:19:36,162</time>
<s>关键时期</s>
<time>644_00:19:36,522 --> 00:19:37,242</time>
<s>就是说你的大脑</s>
<time>645_00:19:37,602 --> 00:19:39,042</time>
<s>在这一段时间里面</s>
<time>646_00:19:39,401 --> 00:19:40,482</time>
<s>关键时刻</s>
<time>647_00:19:40,842 --> 00:19:42,282</time>
<s>关键时段非常容易被塑造</s>
<time>648_00:19:42,641 --> 00:19:43,722</time>
<s>这是哪段时间呢</s>
<time>649_00:19:44,082 --> 00:19:45,162</time>
<s>每一个大脑的区域</s>
<time>650_00:19:45,522 --> 00:19:46,242</time>
<s>关键时刻还不一样</s>
<time>651_00:19:46,602 --> 00:19:47,682</time>
<s>这个区域（前额叶）</s>
<time>652_00:19:48,042 --> 00:19:49,121</time>
<s>发育是最晚的</s>
<time>653_00:19:49,482 --> 00:19:51,642</time>
<s>对其实女孩子要到22岁</s>
<time>654_00:19:52,002 --> 00:19:53,442</time>
<s>大脑的前额叶才发育全</s>
<time>655_00:19:53,802 --> 00:19:55,602</time>
<s>那男孩子发育更早</s>
<time>656_00:19:55,962 --> 00:19:56,322</time>
<s>某种角度来说</s>
<time>657_00:19:56,682 --> 00:19:57,402</time>
<s>男孩子发育比</s>
<time>658_00:19:57,762 --> 00:19:58,842</time>
<s>那个女孩子起步晚</s>
<time>659_00:19:59,202 --> 00:20:01,002</time>
<s>但他那个发育完成是</s>
<time>660_00:20:01,361 --> 00:20:02,082</time>
<s>比女孩子要早一点</s>
<time>661_00:20:02,442 --> 00:20:03,882</time>
<s>所以你就看到女孩子</s>
<time>662_00:20:04,242 --> 00:20:06,762</time>
<s>受这种环境因素的影响</s>
<time>663_00:20:07,121 --> 00:20:08,202</time>
<s>有精神状况啊</s>
<time>664_00:20:08,561 --> 00:20:09,282</time>
<s>她们可能更脆弱</s>
<time>665_00:20:09,642 --> 00:20:10,362</time>
<s>在那段时间对</s>
<time>666_00:20:10,722 --> 00:20:12,522</time>
<s>你就发现女孩子会有这个</s>
<time>667_00:20:12,882 --> 00:20:15,042</time>
<s>更多的这种受环境因素的</s>
<time>668_00:20:15,402 --> 00:20:17,922</time>
<s>影响而造成了她的这个</s>
<time>669_00:20:18,282 --> 00:20:19,722</time>
<s>精神状况的问题</s>
<time>670_00:20:20,082 --> 00:20:20,442</time>
<s>我一开始做研究</s>
<time>671_00:20:20,802 --> 00:20:21,521</time>
<s>就是发育神经科学</s>
<time>672_00:20:21,882 --> 00:20:22,962</time>
<s>这个是特别有趣的口</s>
<time>673_00:20:23,681 --> 00:20:24,042</time>
<s>太有意思了</s>
<time>674_00:20:24,402 --> 00:20:25,121</time>
<s>一个学科</s>
<time>675_00:20:25,842 --> 00:20:28,002</time>
<s>你可以改造一个人的大脑</s>
<time>676_00:20:29,082 --> 00:20:30,162</time>
<s>通过不同的经验</s>
<time>677_00:20:30,522 --> 00:20:31,242</time>
<s>所以这就是</s>
<time>678_00:20:31,601 --> 00:20:33,402</time>
<s>一个很多早期教育的基础</s>
<time>679_00:20:33,762 --> 00:20:35,202</time>
<s>就是说我为什么要在早期</s>
<time>680_00:20:35,562 --> 00:20:36,642</time>
<s>就要让你来学数学</s>
<time>681_00:20:37,002 --> 00:20:37,362</time>
<s>学语言</s>
<time>682_00:20:38,081 --> 00:20:39,162</time>
<s>它有一定的道理</s>
<time>683_00:20:39,882 --> 00:20:40,962</time>
<s>那么有些做的就过分了</s>
<time>684_00:20:41,322 --> 00:20:42,402</time>
<s>但是大脑</s>
<time>685_00:20:43,842 --> 00:20:45,282</time>
<s>发育是一个一回事</s>
<time>686_00:20:45,642 --> 00:20:46,722</time>
<s>我们叫发展</s>
<time>687_00:20:47,082 --> 00:20:48,882</time>
<s>另外还有一回事叫做“可塑性”</s>
<time>688_00:20:49,242 --> 00:20:51,042</time>
<s>就是说你即使你成年了</s>
<time>689_00:20:51,401 --> 00:20:52,482</time>
<s>你的大脑在很大程度上</s>
<time>690_00:20:52,842 --> 00:20:53,562</time>
<s>也是可塑的</s>
<time>691_00:20:54,282 --> 00:20:55,002</time>
<s>那么我们就可以</s>
<time>692_00:20:55,361 --> 00:20:57,162</time>
<s>用好的方面来影响它</s>
<time>693_00:20:57,521 --> 00:21:00,042</time>
<s>它就说你就变得能力更强</s>
<time>694_00:21:00,402 --> 00:21:02,202</time>
<s>这个抗压能力</s>
<time>695_00:21:02,562 --> 00:21:03,642</time>
<s>这个分析能力更强</s>
<time>696_00:21:04,002 --> 00:21:05,081</time>
<s>这个是可塑性的一部分</s>
<time>697_00:21:05,442 --> 00:21:06,161</time>
<s>但也有坏的一部分</s>
<time>698_00:21:06,522 --> 00:21:07,962</time>
<s>就是说我酒精</s>
<time>699_00:21:08,321 --> 00:21:10,122</time>
<s>或者滥用违禁品</s>
<time>700_00:21:10,482 --> 00:21:11,562</time>
<s>或者是坏的习惯</s>
<time>701_00:21:11,922 --> 00:21:13,361</time>
<s>或者是这个成瘾</s>
<time>702_00:21:13,721 --> 00:21:14,442</time>
<s>就是就把你朝这个</s>
<time>703_00:21:15,162 --> 00:21:15,882</time>
<s>完了我天天喝酒</s>
<time>704_00:21:17,682 --> 00:21:18,402</time>
<s>别担心</s>
<time>705_00:21:18,762 --> 00:21:21,282</time>
<s>我也经常喝酒</s>
<time>706_00:21:23,082 --> 00:21:23,442</time>
<s>这就是</s>
<time>707_00:21:23,802 --> 00:21:25,962</time>
<s>相当于给您的大脑做了切片</s>
<time>708_00:21:26,682 --> 00:21:27,402</time>
<s>这个就叫沟</s>
<time>709_00:21:27,762 --> 00:21:29,201</time>
<s>那这上面这个叫回</s>
<time>710_00:21:29,561 --> 00:21:31,002</time>
<s>那你这个沟就特别深</s>
<time>711_00:21:31,722 --> 00:21:33,162</time>
<s>大家不都这样吗</s>
<time>712_00:21:34,242 --> 00:21:35,322</time>
<s>沟回越深</s>
<time>713_00:21:35,682 --> 00:21:38,562</time>
<s>说明暴露的皮层面积越大</s>
<time>714_00:21:39,642 --> 00:21:40,002</time>
<s>就是爱因斯坦</s>
<time>715_00:21:40,362 --> 00:21:42,162</time>
<s>非常非常的那个</s>
<time>716_00:21:42,522 --> 00:21:43,242</time>
<s>就是我还挺聪明的是吗</s>
<time>717_00:21:43,602 --> 00:21:44,682</time>
<s>就是你的大脑</s>
<time>718_00:21:45,042 --> 00:21:46,122</time>
<s>动脑筋的话</s>
<time>719_00:21:46,482 --> 00:21:48,282</time>
<s>基数比别人多一点</s>
<time>720_00:21:48,642 --> 00:21:50,082</time>
<s>然后这是我们的脑室</s>
<time>721_00:21:50,442 --> 00:21:51,522</time>
<s>很多水对</s>
<time>722_00:21:51,882 --> 00:21:53,322</time>
<s>脑脊液循环本身就是</s>
<time>723_00:21:53,682 --> 00:21:54,402</time>
<s>供给营养</s>
<time>724_00:21:54,762 --> 00:21:55,482</time>
<s>同时也带走一些</s>
<time>725_00:21:56,202 --> 00:21:57,282</time>
<s>有害物质垃圾</s>
<time>726_00:21:58,002 --> 00:22:00,161</time>
<s>然后这边是叶对吧</s>
<time>727_00:22:00,522 --> 00:22:01,602</time>
<s>颢叶皮层</s>
<time>728_00:22:02,321 --> 00:22:03,402</time>
<s>海马脑回沟</s>
<time>729_00:22:03,762 --> 00:22:04,842</time>
<s>这是一套体系</s>
<time>730_00:22:05,202 --> 00:22:06,642</time>
<s>一套体系和记忆是相关的</s>
<time>731_00:22:07,002 --> 00:22:07,722</time>
<s>中脑脑桥延髓</s>
<time>732_00:22:08,082 --> 00:22:08,442</time>
<s>人的生命</s>
<time>733_00:22:08,802 --> 00:22:10,962</time>
<s>控制你的生命全在这里</s>
<time>734_00:22:11,322 --> 00:22:13,482</time>
<s>呼吸血压调控</s>
<time>735_00:22:14,202 --> 00:22:15,282</time>
<s>真的是一个神奇的宇宙啊</s>
<time>736_00:22:15,642 --> 00:22:16,722</time>
<s>这里面对</s>
<time>737_00:22:17,442 --> 00:22:18,882</time>
<s>这就是您的静脉</s>
<time>738_00:22:19,242 --> 00:22:19,962</time>
<s>漂亮</s>
<time>739_00:22:20,321 --> 00:22:21,401</time>
<s>像水墨画</s>
<time>740_00:22:21,762 --> 00:22:22,482</time>
<s>对</s>
<time>741_00:22:23,202 --> 00:22:24,282</time>
<s>这个基本上就等同于</s>
<time>742_00:22:24,642 --> 00:22:25,362</time>
<s>解剖级别了</s>
<time>743_00:22:25,722 --> 00:22:26,802</time>
<s>好神秘啊</s>
<time>744_00:22:27,162 --> 00:22:28,242</time>
<s>这弄打印出来</s>
<time>745_00:22:28,601 --> 00:22:29,321</time>
<s>不就一个当代艺术作品吗</s>
<time>746_00:22:30,042 --> 00:22:31,482</time>
<s>对这个挺好看的</s>
<time>747_00:22:31,842 --> 00:22:32,562</time>
<s>后面那个也挺好看的</s>
<time>748_00:22:32,922 --> 00:22:34,002</time>
<s>看动脉</s>
<time>749_00:22:40,122 --> 00:22:41,562</time>
<s>哇是这个样子的我天</s>
<time>750_00:22:43,002 --> 00:22:44,081</time>
<s>为什么动脉激</s>
<time>751_00:22:44,442 --> 00:22:45,882</time>
<s>它不是一根直直的动脉</s>
<time>752_00:22:46,241 --> 00:22:46,962</time>
<s>马上就冲上去</s>
<time>753_00:22:47,322 --> 00:22:48,402</time>
<s>而是一个很多</s>
<time>754_00:22:48,761 --> 00:22:50,202</time>
<s>我们有很多一个虹吸部</s>
<time>755_00:22:50,562 --> 00:22:51,282</time>
<s>就是九曲十八弯</s>
<time>756_00:22:51,642 --> 00:22:53,441</time>
<s>为什么要这样一个进化</s>
<time>757_00:22:53,802 --> 00:22:54,162</time>
<s>就是因为</s>
<time>758_00:22:54,522 --> 00:22:55,242</time>
<s>血液并不是一个</s>
<time>759_00:22:55,601 --> 00:22:56,682</time>
<s>持续的供血过程</s>
<time>760_00:22:57,042 --> 00:22:58,842</time>
<s>它是一个搏动性的供血过程</s>
<time>761_00:22:59,201 --> 00:23:00,641</time>
<s>它这种冲击式的供血</s>
<time>762_00:23:01,002 --> 00:23:03,162</time>
<s>脑组织长时间是受不了的</s>
<time>763_00:23:03,522 --> 00:23:04,602</time>
<s>所以通过进化</s>
<time>764_00:23:04,962 --> 00:23:07,122</time>
<s>一个虹吸部九转十八弯</s>
<time>765_00:23:07,842 --> 00:23:09,281</time>
<s>就把整个压力就卸掉了</s>
<time>766_00:23:10,361 --> 00:23:11,442</time>
<s>这个进化又花了多少年</s>
<time>767_00:23:11,802 --> 00:23:12,161</time>
<s>这个</s>
<time>768_00:23:12,522 --> 00:23:14,322</time>
<s>我们也不知道</s>
<time>769_00:23:14,682 --> 00:23:16,482</time>
<s>这个猴子什么都有</s>
<time>770_00:23:16,842 --> 00:23:17,202</time>
<s>对都有</s>
<time>771_00:23:17,561 --> 00:23:18,282</time>
<s>主要是让你的</s>
<time>772_00:23:18,642 --> 00:23:20,082</time>
<s>在脑子里面的血压</s>
<time>773_00:23:20,442 --> 00:23:20,802</time>
<s>比较恒定</s>
<time>774_00:23:22,962 --> 00:23:24,402</time>
<s>这好像个眼镜蛇呀</s>
<time>775_00:23:24,762 --> 00:23:26,561</time>
<s>这个是红核和黑质</s>
<time>776_00:23:27,282 --> 00:23:28,362</time>
<s>如果得了这个</s>
<time>777_00:23:28,722 --> 00:23:29,802</time>
<s>帕金森的患者</s>
<time>778_00:23:30,162 --> 00:23:32,322</time>
<s>这个黑质是脱失的</s>
<time>779_00:23:32,682 --> 00:23:33,042</time>
<s>你就看不到这个</s>
<time>780_00:23:33,402 --> 00:23:35,562</time>
<s>萎缩了大概50%这个样子</s>
<time>781_00:23:37,722 --> 00:23:38,802</time>
<s>我是不是浪费了医疗资源</s>
<time>782_00:23:40,242 --> 00:23:41,682</time>
<s>他们这个专门是做研究用的</s>
<time>783_00:23:42,042 --> 00:23:42,761</time>
<s>关键不能为医学</s>
<time>784_00:23:43,122 --> 00:23:43,842</time>
<s>提供自己的贡献</s>
<time>785_00:23:45,282 --> 00:23:46,002</time>
<s>太正常了</s>
<time>786_00:23:48,522 --> 00:23:48,882</time>
<s>没问题</s>
<time>787_00:23:49,242 --> 00:23:49,602</time>
<s>谢谢你</s>
<time>788_00:23:49,962 --> 00:23:51,042</time>
<s>这个脑子</s>
<time>789_00:23:51,402 --> 00:23:52,482</time>
<s>稍微有一点点菱缩</s>
<time>790_00:23:52,842 --> 00:23:54,641</time>
<s>叶这稍微有一点</s>
<time>791_00:23:55,002 --> 00:23:55,362</time>
<s>就叶这边</s>
<time>792_00:23:55,722 --> 00:23:56,442</time>
<s>萎缩是怎么回事</s>
<time>793_00:23:56,802 --> 00:23:57,522</time>
<s>听得我很恐怖</s>
<time>794_00:23:57,882 --> 00:23:58,962</time>
<s>年纪大了都有萎缩</s>
<time>795_00:24:00,042 --> 00:24:00,402</time>
<s>到了七八十岁</s>
<time>796_00:24:00,762 --> 00:24:01,842</time>
<s>脑子萎缩得很小</s>
<time>797_00:24:02,922 --> 00:24:03,642</time>
<s>核桃仁儿</s>
<time>798_00:24:04,722 --> 00:24:06,522</time>
<s>我已经开始进入衰退期了</s>
<time>799_00:24:07,602 --> 00:24:08,682</time>
<s>没事儿许老师</s>
<time>800_00:24:10,122 --> 00:24:11,202</time>
<s>亞耗啊</s>
<time>801_00:24:11,562 --> 00:24:11,922</time>
<s>但是</s>
<time>802_00:24:12,282 --> 00:24:13,002</time>
<s>沟回很深</s>
<time>803_00:24:13,361 --> 00:24:14,082</time>
<s>所以你的这个</s>
<time>804_00:24:14,802 --> 00:24:16,242</time>
<s>你的这个脑子还可以用</s>
<time>805_00:24:16,602 --> 00:24:18,042</time>
<s>这太会鼓励人了</s>
<time>806_00:24:20,562 --> 00:24:21,282</time>
<s>我缓一下</s>
<time>807_00:24:21,642 --> 00:24:23,081</time>
<s>缓一下休息休息</s>
<time>808_00:24:24,522 --> 00:24:25,962</time>
<s>缓一下喝点水</s>
<time>809_00:24:32,082 --> 00:24:32,802</time>
<s>让我们就回到原点</s>
<time>810_00:24:33,161 --> 00:24:33,882</time>
<s>比如说1978年</s>
<time>811_00:24:34,242 --> 00:24:35,321</time>
<s>你开始上大学的时候</s>
<time>812_00:24:35,682 --> 00:24:37,842</time>
<s>当时国内对于这种</s>
<time>813_00:24:38,922 --> 00:24:39,642</time>
<s>生物学研究各种</s>
<time>814_00:24:40,002 --> 00:24:40,721</time>
<s>它是什么一个状态</s>
<time>815_00:24:41,081 --> 00:24:41,802</time>
<s>在当时</s>
<time>816_00:24:42,162 --> 00:24:43,962</time>
<s>1978年的时候</s>
<time>817_00:24:44,682 --> 00:24:45,401</time>
<s>因为你之前提过</s>
<time>818_00:24:45,762 --> 00:24:47,202</time>
<s>你听到一个周教授的</s>
<time>819_00:24:47,561 --> 00:24:47,922</time>
<s>那个讲课</s>
<time>820_00:24:48,282 --> 00:24:48,642</time>
<s>周绍慈</s>
<time>821_00:24:49,002 --> 00:24:49,722</time>
<s>对</s>
<time>822_00:24:51,882 --> 00:24:52,962</time>
<s>当时有一个非常</s>
<time>823_00:24:53,682 --> 00:24:54,042</time>
<s>他的演讲</s>
<time>824_00:24:54,402 --> 00:24:55,122</time>
<s>讲得的确是不错</s>
<time>825_00:24:55,842 --> 00:24:56,202</time>
<s>他说这个是一个</s>
<time>826_00:24:56,562 --> 00:24:57,642</time>
<s>最后的边疆</s>
<time>827_00:24:58,362 --> 00:25:00,162</time>
<s>你自己的脑子来研究脑子</s>
<time>828_00:25:00,522 --> 00:25:01,242</time>
<s>听起来很悖论的一个说法</s>
<time>829_00:25:01,602 --> 00:25:02,322</time>
<s>对一个悖论嘛</s>
<time>830_00:25:02,682 --> 00:25:03,762</time>
<s>就是说你怎么可以用一个脑子</s>
<time>831_00:25:04,122 --> 00:25:04,842</time>
<s>来研究另外一个脑子</s>
<time>832_00:25:05,922 --> 00:25:07,362</time>
<s>或者是研究自己的脑子</s>
<time>833_00:25:09,522 --> 00:25:10,962</time>
<s>然后周绍慈老师是一个</s>
<time>834_00:25:11,322 --> 00:25:12,042</time>
<s>苏联留学回来的</s>
<time>835_00:25:12,402 --> 00:25:13,482</time>
<s>不愿意接触人的人</s>
<time>836_00:25:14,922 --> 00:25:15,282</time>
<s>他那个时候是做</s>
<time>837_00:25:15,642 --> 00:25:16,362</time>
<s>兔子的听觉实验</s>
<time>838_00:25:17,442 --> 00:25:18,522</time>
<s>它有一个声音咚一下</s>
<time>839_00:25:18,882 --> 00:25:19,242</time>
<s>咚一下</s>
<time>840_00:25:19,602 --> 00:25:20,322</time>
<s>你在脑子里面有个地方</s>
<time>841_00:25:21,402 --> 00:25:22,482</time>
<s>咚一下电位</s>
<time>842_00:25:22,842 --> 00:25:23,562</time>
<s>它就可以记到这个电位</s>
<time>843_00:25:23,922 --> 00:25:25,002</time>
<s>所以我们就看到很神秘</s>
<time>844_00:25:26,442 --> 00:25:27,162</time>
<s>后来我就鼓起勇气</s>
<time>845_00:25:27,522 --> 00:25:28,602</time>
<s>给他写了一个信</s>
<time>846_00:25:29,322 --> 00:25:30,042</time>
<s>我说我对</s>
<time>847_00:25:30,402 --> 00:25:32,562</time>
<s>脑科学特别有兴趣</s>
<time>848_00:25:32,922 --> 00:25:34,362</time>
<s>他真给我回信了</s>
<time>849_00:25:35,082 --> 00:25:36,162</time>
<s>他说要打好基础</s>
<time>850_00:25:36,522 --> 00:25:37,242</time>
<s>多学好问什么</s>
<time>851_00:25:37,602 --> 00:25:38,682</time>
<s>然后我就打定了主意</s>
<time>852_00:25:39,042 --> 00:25:40,482</time>
<s>我一定要到他的实验室</s>
<time>853_00:25:40,842 --> 00:25:41,562</time>
<s>去做</s>
<time>854_00:25:41,922 --> 00:25:43,002</time>
<s>毕业设计</s>
<time>855_00:25:43,362 --> 00:25:44,082</time>
<s>那个时候我就基本上</s>
<time>856_00:25:44,442 --> 00:25:45,162</time>
<s>决定了我要</s>
<time>857_00:25:46,242 --> 00:25:46,962</time>
<s>做神经科学</s>
<time>858_00:25:47,682 --> 00:25:48,042</time>
<s>那时候有一个</s>
<time>859_00:25:48,402 --> 00:25:50,202</time>
<s>做一个科学家的某种自觉</s>
<time>860_00:25:50,562 --> 00:25:51,642</time>
<s>未来要成为一个什么样的</s>
<time>861_00:25:52,002 --> 00:25:53,082</time>
<s>有这么一个榜样吗</s>
<time>862_00:25:53,442 --> 00:25:55,242</time>
<s>有一些朦的</s>
<time>863_00:25:55,602 --> 00:25:55,962</time>
<s>但其实做科字家</s>
<time>864_00:25:56,322 --> 00:25:57,402</time>
<s>是很晚的时候</s>
<time>865_00:25:58,482 --> 00:25:59,562</time>
<s>我当时说老实话</s>
<time>866_00:25:59,922 --> 00:26:00,642</time>
<s>我因为第一次</s>
<time>867_00:26:01,722 --> 00:26:02,802</time>
<s>高考没考上</s>
<time>868_00:26:03,162 --> 00:26:03,882</time>
<s>所以我就想要</s>
<time>869_00:26:04,242 --> 00:26:05,322</time>
<s>要有一个保底的</s>
<time>870_00:26:05,682 --> 00:26:07,122</time>
<s>就是找一个师范大学</s>
<time>871_00:26:07,482 --> 00:26:08,562</time>
<s>然后再学一个生物</s>
<time>872_00:26:09,282 --> 00:26:09,642</time>
<s>很安全</s>
<time>873_00:26:10,002 --> 00:26:11,082</time>
<s>好像比较冷门最后总能考上</s>
<time>874_00:26:11,442 --> 00:26:12,162</time>
<s>因为当时是为了</s>
<time>875_00:26:12,522 --> 00:26:13,242</time>
<s>这么想的是吧对</s>
