<time>873_00:29:08,562 --> 00:29:09,282</time>
<s>非常喜欢</s>
<time>874_00:29:10,362 --> 00:29:12,162</time>
<s>它那种特别恰当</s>
<time>875_00:29:12,882 --> 00:29:13,962</time>
<s>那种分寸感特别好</s>
<time>876_00:29:15,042 --> 00:29:16,842</time>
<s>你要特别强启动的时候</s>
<time>877_00:29:17,202 --> 00:29:18,282</time>
<s>它的力量在那</s>
<time>878_00:29:19,002 --> 00:29:19,722</time>
<s>然后它又特别稳</s>
<time>879_00:29:20,442 --> 00:29:20,802</time>
<s>所以就是</s>
<time>880_00:29:21,522 --> 00:29:21,882</time>
<s>就是沉稳</s>
<time>881_00:29:22,242 --> 00:29:24,402</time>
<s>它那个分寸感特别好</s>
<time>882_00:29:24,762 --> 00:29:25,842</time>
<s>也就是做人也是这样</s>
<time>883_00:29:26,202 --> 00:29:26,562</time>
<s>就是你</s>
<time>884_00:29:26,922 --> 00:29:29,082</time>
<s>你到最后知道</s>
<time>885_00:29:29,802 --> 00:29:30,882</time>
<s>什么事情是恰当</s>
<time>886_00:29:31,242 --> 00:29:33,762</time>
<s>这一点其实理论是解决不了</s>
<time>887_00:29:34,122 --> 00:29:35,202</time>
<s>而这种恰当是</s>
<time>888_00:29:35,562 --> 00:29:37,002</time>
<s>经过无数次过了之后</s>
<time>889_00:29:37,362 --> 00:29:38,802</time>
<s>过线之后慢慢找到的</s>
<time>890_00:29:39,162 --> 00:29:40,962</time>
<s>对</s>
<time>891_00:29:48,882 --> 00:29:49,962</time>
<s>那你怀念那种时候</s>
<time>892_00:29:50,322 --> 00:29:51,042</time>
<s>激烈的那种</s>
<time>893_00:29:52,122 --> 00:29:52,842</time>
<s>分寸不清的</s>
<time>894_00:29:53,202 --> 00:29:53,922</time>
<s>但是很有</s>
<time>895_00:29:54,282 --> 00:29:54,642</time>
<s>很有力量</s>
<time>896_00:29:55,362 --> 00:29:56,082</time>
<s>我觉得其实</s>
<time>897_00:29:56,442 --> 00:29:58,602</time>
<s>我没有那么害怕衰老</s>
<time>898_00:29:59,322 --> 00:29:59,682</time>
<s>我觉得年轻的激情</s>
<time>899_00:30:00,042 --> 00:30:01,482</time>
<s>有的时候是特别浪费的</s>
<time>900_00:30:02,202 --> 00:30:02,922</time>
<s>特别浪费就是说</s>
<time>901_00:30:03,642 --> 00:30:04,362</time>
<s>毫无结果</s>
<time>902_00:30:04,722 --> 00:30:05,442</time>
<s>没有目的的燃烧</s>
<time>903_00:30:05,802 --> 00:30:06,162</time>
<s>对</s>
<time>904_00:30:06,522 --> 00:30:07,242</time>
<s>现在也不是特别有功利心</s>
<time>905_00:30:07,602 --> 00:30:08,322</time>
<s>但是你</s>
<time>906_00:30:08,682 --> 00:30:10,122</time>
<s>你有一种沉着在里边</s>
<time>907_00:30:11,922 --> 00:30:13,002</time>
<s>其实成年是需要</s>
<time>908_00:30:14,082 --> 00:30:14,802</time>
<s>阅历</s>
<time>909_00:30:16,242 --> 00:30:18,762</time>
<s>早慧代替不了阅历</s>
<time>910_00:30:19,122 --> 00:30:20,202</time>
<s>有人说那个知道这么多道理</s>
<time>911_00:30:20,562 --> 00:30:21,642</time>
<s>还是过不好这一生</s>
<time>912_00:30:22,002 --> 00:30:22,722</time>
<s>是因为那些道理</s>
<time>913_00:30:23,082 --> 00:30:24,882</time>
<s>并不是你自己的道理</s>
<time>914_00:30:25,602 --> 00:30:26,322</time>
<s>你变成自己的道理</s>
<time>915_00:30:26,682 --> 00:30:28,122</time>
<s>一定要经过阅历</s>
<time>916_00:30:28,482 --> 00:30:32,082</time>
<s>我阅历里面大概教训多于经验吧</s>
<time>917_00:30:32,442 --> 00:30:35,682</time>
<s>需要阅历需要修炼</s>
<time>918_00:30:36,042 --> 00:30:36,402</time>
<s>然后这种（修炼）</s>
<time>919_00:30:36,762 --> 00:30:37,842</time>
<s>也给人一种安全感</s>
<time>920_00:30:38,202 --> 00:30:38,922</time>
<s>对</s>
<time>921_00:30:44,322 --> 00:30:44,682</time>
<s>水、</s>
<time>922_00:30:47,562 --> 00:30:48,282</time>
<s>那你比如说过去一年</s>
<time>923_00:30:48,642 --> 00:30:50,082</time>
<s>你个人跟娱乐</s>
<time>924_00:30:50,442 --> 00:30:51,522</time>
<s>跟大众（跟）媒介遭遇</s>
<time>925_00:30:51,882 --> 00:30:52,602</time>
<s>这种遭遇</s>
<time>926_00:30:52,962 --> 00:30:54,762</time>
<s>对你塑造是什么</s>
<time>927_00:30:56,562 --> 00:30:58,002</time>
<s>有一个就是好像八十年代</s>
<time>928_00:30:58,362 --> 00:30:59,802</time>
<s>沉睡的自我唤醒</s>
<time>929_00:31:00,162 --> 00:31:01,602</time>
<s>对它突然唤醒</s>
<time>930_00:31:01,962 --> 00:31:03,402</time>
<s>就是重新复活了一次</s>
<time>931_00:31:03,762 --> 00:31:05,202</time>
<s>就是往事重现那种状态</s>
<time>932_00:31:05,562 --> 00:31:06,282</time>
<s>这个是挺享受的</s>
<time>933_00:31:07,002 --> 00:31:08,442</time>
<s>我学到很多东西</s>
<time>934_00:31:08,802 --> 00:31:09,882</time>
<s>就觉得学术界</s>
<time>935_00:31:10,242 --> 00:31:11,322</time>
<s>是非常小的一个群体</s>
<time>936_00:31:11,682 --> 00:31:12,042</time>
<s>第三个</s>
<time>937_00:31:12,402 --> 00:31:14,202</time>
<s>你建立自己的一个</s>
<time>938_00:31:14,922 --> 00:31:16,002</time>
<s>他们叫个人品牌</s>
<time>939_00:31:17,082 --> 00:31:18,162</time>
<s>什么IP这个</s>
<time>940_00:31:18,522 --> 00:31:19,242</time>
<s>它是有收益的</s>
<time>941_00:31:19,962 --> 00:31:21,762</time>
<s>但这个收益是特别</s>
<time>942_00:31:22,842 --> 00:31:24,642</time>
<s>具有危险的诱惑</s>
<time>943_00:31:25,002 --> 00:31:26,082</time>
<s>你这里面要非常小心</s>
<time>944_00:31:26,442 --> 00:31:27,162</time>
<s>我觉得这种收益也是以前的</s>
<time>945_00:31:27,522 --> 00:31:28,242</time>
<s>知识分子不敢想象的</s>
<time>946_00:31:28,602 --> 00:31:29,322</time>
<s>其实我们那时候想到的</s>
<time>947_00:31:29,682 --> 00:31:30,042</time>
<s>就是版税</s>
<time>948_00:31:31,122 --> 00:31:32,922</time>
<s>你现在出去做一场演讲超过你</s>
<time>949_00:31:33,282 --> 00:31:34,722</time>
<s>可能写好多本书的版税</s>
<time>950_00:31:35,082 --> 00:31:36,162</time>
<s>那没有</s>
<time>951_00:31:36,882 --> 00:31:37,962</time>
<s>我现在版税也很高</s>
<time>952_00:31:42,642 --> 00:31:44,082</time>
<s>我觉得像我这个年纪</s>
<time>953_00:31:44,802 --> 00:31:46,962</time>
<s>其实开始有点新鲜感</s>
<time>954_00:31:47,322 --> 00:31:48,762</time>
<s>你的名声什么这些声誉</s>
<time>955_00:31:49,122 --> 00:31:50,202</time>
<s>但是现在就是比较从容</s>
<time>956_00:31:50,562 --> 00:31:52,362</time>
<s>而且我相信很快就会过去</s>
<time>957_00:31:52,722 --> 00:31:54,522</time>
<s>你有个一年两年</s>
<time>958_00:31:55,242 --> 00:31:56,322</time>
<s>而且你反复说</s>
<time>959_00:31:56,682 --> 00:31:57,402</time>
<s>你最后能说出什么</s>
<time>960_00:31:57,762 --> 00:31:58,122</time>
<s>是</s>
<time>961_00:31:58,482 --> 00:31:59,562</time>
<s>你的洞见到底有多少</s>
<time>962_00:32:00,282 --> 00:32:01,722</time>
<s>那个原创性的期待</s>
<time>963_00:32:02,082 --> 00:32:05,682</time>
<s>给你造成很大的压迫感吗</s>
<time>964_00:32:07,842 --> 00:32:09,282</time>
<s>有的时候是动力</s>
<time>965_00:32:11,082 --> 00:32:13,242</time>
<s>有的时候我会安慰自己说</s>
<time>966_00:32:13,602 --> 00:32:14,682</time>
<s>伽达默尔写《真理与方法》</s>
<time>967_00:32:15,042 --> 00:32:16,122</time>
<s>是六十岁</s>
<time>968_00:32:16,842 --> 00:32:18,282</time>
<s>以前觉得我还有很多时间</s>
<time>969_00:32:19,722 --> 00:32:21,882</time>
<s>现在已经迫近了对不对</s>
<time>970_00:32:22,962 --> 00:32:24,402</time>
<s>其实现在开始学习</s>
<time>971_00:32:24,762 --> 00:32:26,562</time>
<s>怎么样第一把话说得清楚</s>
<time>972_00:32:26,922 --> 00:32:28,362</time>
<s>第二要具象</s>
<time>973_00:32:28,722 --> 00:32:30,162</time>
<s>就不能都是理论逻辑</s>
<time>974_00:32:30,522 --> 00:32:32,682</time>
<s>马克·里拉有一次跟我聊天</s>
<time>975_00:32:33,042 --> 00:32:36,282</time>
<s>他说其实写学术的文章</s>
<time>976_00:32:36,642 --> 00:32:37,722</time>
<s>反而是容易的</s>
<time>977_00:32:38,082 --> 00:32:38,442</time>
<s>我说怎么理解</s>
<time>978_00:32:38,802 --> 00:32:41,322</time>
<s>他说学术的文章是这样</s>
<time>979_00:32:41,682 --> 00:32:43,122</time>
<s>觉得讲不明白的时候</s>
<time>980_00:32:43,482 --> 00:32:45,642</time>
<s>你就用三两个术语</s>
<time>981_00:32:46,002 --> 00:32:48,882</time>
<s>加上一个随便提到哪个理论家</s>
<time>982_00:32:49,242 --> 00:32:50,682</time>
<s>就跳过去绕过去</s>
<time>983_00:32:51,402 --> 00:32:51,762</time>
<s>因为我们假设</s>
<time>984_00:32:52,122 --> 00:32:53,562</time>
<s>我们在知识共同体内部</s>
<time>985_00:32:53,922 --> 00:32:54,642</time>
<s>这是一个共享知识</s>
<time>986_00:32:55,002 --> 00:32:55,722</time>
<s>如果读不懂</s>
<time>987_00:32:56,082 --> 00:32:56,802</time>
<s>你的负担在你</s>
<time>988_00:32:57,162 --> 00:32:57,882</time>
<s>那是你的问题</s>
<time>989_00:32:58,602 --> 00:32:59,322</time>
<s>你有一个拐杖</s>
<time>990_00:32:59,682 --> 00:33:00,402</time>
<s>你扔掉那个拐杖的时候</s>
<time>991_00:33:00,762 --> 00:33:01,122</time>
<s>发现你以前</s>
<time>992_00:33:01,482 --> 00:33:02,922</time>
<s>你自己讲得也不明白</s>
<time>993_00:33:05,442 --> 00:33:06,522</time>
<s>怎么找到这个新的拐棍</s>
<time>994_00:33:11,202 --> 00:33:11,922</time>
<s>这是一个特别好的</s>
<time>995_00:33:12,282 --> 00:33:13,002</time>
<s>和特别难的问题</s>
<time>996_00:33:14,442 --> 00:33:15,522</time>
<s>我想可以说两点</s>
<time>997_00:33:15,882 --> 00:33:19,122</time>
<s>一个这个判断力永远是有限的</s>
<time>998_00:33:19,482 --> 00:33:21,282</time>
<s>但是一个判断力的这个标准</s>
<time>999_00:33:21,642 --> 00:33:23,082</time>
<s>跟你的学识经历</s>
<time>1000_00:33:23,442 --> 00:33:24,882</time>
<s>你见过的人遇到的事</s>
<time>1001_00:33:25,242 --> 00:33:26,322</time>
<s>这些经验的汇集</s>
<time>1002_00:33:26,682 --> 00:33:29,922</time>
<s>以及对这个经验做的反思</s>
<time>1003_00:33:30,282 --> 00:33:32,082</time>
<s>它凝结成你这个判断力</s>
<time>1004_00:33:33,162 --> 00:33:33,522</time>
<s>那么这个东西</s>
<time>1005_00:33:33,882 --> 00:33:35,322</time>
<s>是不是有高下之比较</s>
<time>1006_00:33:35,682 --> 00:33:36,402</time>
<s>我认为是有的</s>
<time>1007_00:33:36,762 --> 00:33:38,202</time>
<s>你经历过更多的事</s>
<time>1008_00:33:38,562 --> 00:33:40,362</time>
<s>你有更好的智识</s>
<time>1009_00:33:40,722 --> 00:33:42,162</time>
<s>它更有可能</s>
<time>1010_00:33:42,882 --> 00:33:44,322</time>
<s>是有好的判断力</s>
<time>1011_00:33:45,042 --> 00:33:45,402</time>
<s>然后</s>
<time>1012_00:33:45,762 --> 00:33:47,562</time>
<s>这里面更重要的一点是</s>
<time>1013_00:33:49,362 --> 00:33:51,522</time>
<s>你的判断力包含着</s>
<time>1014_00:33:52,242 --> 00:33:54,402</time>
<s>对自己判断标准</s>
<time>1015_00:33:54,762 --> 00:33:58,002</time>
<s>不是彻底准确的那个意识</s>
<time>1016_00:33:58,722 --> 00:33:59,802</time>
<s>这个意识是极端重要的</s>
<time>1017_00:34:00,882 --> 00:34:02,322</time>
<s>而且它有很重要的分寸感</s>
<time>1018_00:34:02,682 --> 00:34:04,482</time>
<s>就是说你既不能怀疑自己到</s>
<time>1019_00:34:04,842 --> 00:34:05,922</time>
<s>我失去判断力</s>
<time>1020_00:34:06,282 --> 00:34:07,002</time>
<s>又不能说</s>
<time>1021_00:34:07,362 --> 00:34:10,602</time>
<s>变成一个绝对的自负的人</s>
<time>1022_00:34:11,322 --> 00:34:12,762</time>
<s>这就是有一个对自己来说</s>
<time>1023_00:34:13,122 --> 00:34:14,922</time>
<s>有个自我期许和估价的问题</s>
<time>1024_00:34:15,282 --> 00:34:16,362</time>
<s>在这个意义上来说</s>
<time>1025_00:34:16,722 --> 00:34:17,442</time>
<s>我觉得我是</s>
<time>1026_00:34:21,042 --> 00:34:22,482</time>
<s>被同行朋友</s>
<time>1027_00:34:22,842 --> 00:34:26,082</time>
<s>高估的一个学者</s>
<time>1028_00:34:26,442 --> 00:34:27,162</time>
<s>因为我并没有做出</s>
<time>1029_00:34:27,882 --> 00:34:28,962</time>
<s>真正第一流的</s>
<time>1030_00:34:29,322 --> 00:34:30,042</time>
<s>原创性的工作</s>
<time>1031_00:34:31,482 --> 00:34:33,642</time>
<s>但是给人一个印象</s>
<time>1032_00:34:34,002 --> 00:34:35,442</time>
<s>好像这个人将来会做出来</s>
<time>1033_00:34:36,162 --> 00:34:37,241</time>
<s>他们把一个潜力股是吧</s>
<time>1034_00:34:37,602 --> 00:34:37,962</time>
<s>对</s>
<time>1035_00:34:38,322 --> 00:34:39,402</time>
<s>潜力股</s>
<time>1036_00:34:40,122 --> 00:34:41,202</time>
<s>我一直在冒充</s>
<time>1037_00:34:41,562 --> 00:34:42,282</time>
<s>这是一种欺骗</s>
<time>1038_00:34:43,002 --> 00:34:44,802</time>
<s>他们把一个未来的可能</s>
<time>1039_00:34:45,161 --> 00:34:46,242</time>
<s>预支给我了</s>
<time>1040_00:34:46,602 --> 00:34:48,761</time>
<s>这是一个不应得的</s>
<time>1041_00:34:49,122 --> 00:34:49,842</time>
<s>不应得的一个待遇</s>
<time>1042_00:34:50,202 --> 00:34:52,002</time>
<s>但是真的如果你做不出来</s>
<time>1043_00:34:53,082 --> 00:34:54,162</time>
<s>所以有一次我在一个访谈录里</s>
<time>1044_00:34:54,521 --> 00:34:55,602</time>
<s>我就把我的那个研究纲领</s>
<time>1045_00:34:56,682 --> 00:34:57,762</time>
<s>就公布了</s>
<time>1046_00:34:58,482 --> 00:35:00,282</time>
<s>事先张扬的一个原创性的</s>
<time>1047_00:35:00,642 --> 00:35:02,082</time>
<s>一个宏大理论</s>
<time>1048_00:35:02,442 --> 00:35:03,522</time>
<s>那这个东西做得出来</s>
<time>1049_00:35:03,882 --> 00:35:04,242</time>
<s>做不出来</s>
<time>1050_00:35:06,042 --> 00:35:06,762</time>
<s>刘瑜有一次跟我说</s>
<time>1051_00:35:07,122 --> 00:35:08,562</time>
<s>她说你为什么这么麻烦</s>
<time>1052_00:35:08,922 --> 00:35:11,442</time>
<s>你没有从一个特别可以操作的</s>
<time>1053_00:35:12,162 --> 00:35:13,962</time>
<s>一个局部开始</s>
<time>1054_00:35:14,681 --> 00:35:15,042</time>
<s>你要从那个开始</s>
<time>1055_00:35:15,402 --> 00:35:16,122</time>
<s>你就容易一些</s>
<time>1056_00:35:16,482 --> 00:35:17,562</time>
<s>你那个太宏大了</s>
<time>1057_00:35:17,922 --> 00:35:18,642</time>
<s>这个宏大是因为</s>
<time>1058_00:35:19,002 --> 00:35:19,721</time>
<s>自己还没想好</s>
<time>1059_00:35:21,161 --> 00:35:22,242</time>
<s>那这个是我为</s>
<time>1060_00:35:22,602 --> 00:35:24,042</time>
<s>退休以后想的计划</s>
<time>1061_00:35:24,402 --> 00:35:24,762</time>
<s>但是</s>
<time>1062_00:35:25,122 --> 00:35:26,922</time>
<s>对学者对知识分子</s>
<time>1063_00:35:27,282 --> 00:35:28,362</time>
<s>其实你并不存在退休</s>
<time>1064_00:35:28,722 --> 00:35:30,162</time>
<s>是它是终身事业</s>
<time>1065_00:35:31,602 --> 00:35:33,042</time>
<s>这个话题我觉得是</s>
<time>1066_00:35:33,402 --> 00:35:34,842</time>
<s>是有负担但是</s>
<time>1067_00:35:35,202 --> 00:35:36,642</time>
<s>没有这么强烈</s>
<time>1068_00:35:37,002 --> 00:35:37,362</time>
<s>我就觉得</s>
<time>1069_00:35:38,442 --> 00:35:38,802</time>
<s>到最后</s>
<time>1070_00:35:39,162 --> 00:35:40,962</time>
<s>我不是要说我迫使自己</s>
<time>1071_00:35:41,322 --> 00:35:42,402</time>
<s>必须要达到什么标准</s>
<time>1072_00:35:43,482 --> 00:35:44,922</time>
<s>一定是说我感到</s>
<time>1073_00:35:45,642 --> 00:35:47,442</time>
<s>在这个工作这种活动当中</s>
<time>1074_00:35:47,802 --> 00:35:48,162</time>
<s>我感到了</s>
<time>1075_00:35:48,882 --> 00:35:49,602</time>
<s>幸福</s>
<time>1076_00:35:49,962 --> 00:35:50,682</time>
<s>这个幸福不是说</s>
<time>1077_00:35:51,402 --> 00:35:52,122</time>
<s>很快乐很舒适</s>
<time>1078_00:35:53,202 --> 00:35:54,642</time>
<s>就是仍然能够像我做</s>
<time>1079_00:35:55,002 --> 00:35:56,082</time>
<s>很多很多事情一样</s>
<time>1080_00:35:56,442 --> 00:35:57,162</time>
<s>就是你有努力</s>
<time>1081_00:35:57,522 --> 00:35:59,321</time>
<s>然后有巨大的意义感的满足</s>
<time>1082_00:35:59,682 --> 00:36:00,762</time>
<s>我相信这是</s>
<time>1083_00:36:01,122 --> 00:36:02,922</time>
<s>如果我寿命足够长</s>
<time>1084_00:36:03,281 --> 00:36:04,362</time>
<s>有生之年能够完成</s>
<time>1085_00:36:04,722 --> 00:36:05,802</time>
<s>这样一个尝试</s>
<time>1086_00:36:06,162 --> 00:36:07,602</time>
<s>因为原创性经常是幻觉</s>
<time>1087_00:36:07,962 --> 00:36:09,402</time>
<s>你以为你造出来一个</s>
<time>1088_00:36:09,762 --> 00:36:10,842</time>
<s>很漂亮的理论一种说法</s>
<time>1089_00:36:11,922 --> 00:36:12,281</time>
<s>它可能</s>
<time>1090_00:36:12,642 --> 00:36:14,442</time>
<s>其实跟某个人的东西很像</s>
<time>1091_00:36:14,802 --> 00:36:15,522</time>
<s>做个梦起来写首诗</s>
<time>1092_00:36:15,882 --> 00:36:16,962</time>
<s>原来宋朝人写过</s>
<time>1093_00:36:18,761 --> 00:36:19,482</time>
<s>还没人家写得好</s>
<time>1094_00:36:35,322 --> 00:36:36,042</time>
<s>露台好漂亮</s>
<time>1095_00:36:37,482 --> 00:36:38,922</time>
<s>上海挺丰富的</s>
<time>1096_00:36:39,281 --> 00:36:41,082</time>
<s>上海其实它层次挺多的</s>
<time>1097_00:36:41,442 --> 00:36:43,241</time>
<s>一开始表面上看到一个层次</s>
<time>1098_00:36:43,602 --> 00:36:44,321</time>
<s>下去之后慢慢又有一个新的感觉</s>
<time>1099_00:36:47,201 --> 00:36:49,002</time>
<s>最有意思上海那个新天地</s>
<time>1100_00:36:49,362 --> 00:36:49,721</time>
<s>一大会址</s>
<time>1101_00:36:50,442 --> 00:36:51,162</time>
<s>开天辟地那个新天地</s>
<time>1102_00:36:51,882 --> 00:36:53,681</time>
<s>但同时它旁边那个商业的</s>
<time>1103_00:36:54,042 --> 00:36:55,482</time>
<s>那个开放的世界</s>
<time>1104_00:36:55,842 --> 00:36:56,562</time>
<s>你在新天地</s>
<time>1105_00:36:56,922 --> 00:36:59,082</time>
<s>同时听到三四种语言</s>
<time>1106_00:36:59,442 --> 00:37:00,882</time>
<s>你不知道身处何地</s>
<time>1107_00:37:01,242 --> 00:37:03,761</time>
<s>两个C</s>
<time>1108_00:37:04,122 --> 00:37:04,842</time>
<s>共产主义和消费主义</s>
<time>1109_00:37:09,522 --> 00:37:10,962</time>
<s>世界主义肯定对我们这几代人</s>
<time>1110_00:37:11,321 --> 00:37:12,402</time>
<s>非常有诱惑</s>
<time>1111_00:37:12,762 --> 00:37:14,201</time>
<s>你所谓的新世界主义</s>
<time>1112_00:37:14,562 --> 00:37:16,722</time>
<s>就这个概念是怎么出现的</s>
<time>1113_00:37:17,082 --> 00:37:19,962</time>
<s>这个最早其实它是来自一个</s>
<time>1114_00:37:20,322 --> 00:37:22,482</time>
<s>对专业学者是常识就是</s>
<time>1115_00:37:22,842 --> 00:37:23,922</time>
<s>身份的建构性</s>
<time>1116_00:37:24,281 --> 00:37:25,722</time>
<s>你的身份</s>
<time>1117_00:37:26,082 --> 00:37:27,882</time>
<s>并不是说就是一直如此</s>
<time>1118_00:37:28,242 --> 00:37:29,321</time>
<s>但一般人不太会理解</s>
<time>1119_00:37:29,682 --> 00:37:30,762</time>
<s>就是一般人会说</s>
<time>1120_00:37:31,122 --> 00:37:32,562</time>
<s>我的身上流着什么血液</s>
<time>1121_00:37:32,922 --> 00:37:35,082</time>
<s>我有一个西宁的基因或者怎么样</s>
<time>1122_00:37:36,522 --> 00:37:37,962</time>
<s>但这只是比喻的说法</s>
<time>1123_00:37:38,321 --> 00:37:40,122</time>
<s>因为只有生物的基因</s>
<time>1124_00:37:40,482 --> 00:37:43,002</time>
<s>才是可以无条件的</s>
<time>1125_00:37:43,362 --> 00:37:43,722</time>
<s>承传下来</s>
<time>1126_00:37:44,082 --> 00:37:45,882</time>
<s>在文化上是没有基因的</s>
<time>1127_00:37:47,322 --> 00:37:48,402</time>
<s>你任何文化的基因</s>
<time>1128_00:37:48,762 --> 00:37:50,562</time>
<s>它是要经过制度实践</s>
<time>1129_00:37:50,922 --> 00:37:51,282</time>
<s>要习得的</s>
<time>1130_00:37:51,642 --> 00:37:52,722</time>
<s>它不能自然的遗传下来</s>
<time>1131_00:37:53,082 --> 00:37:55,241</time>
<s>要成为</s>
<time>1132_00:37:55,602 --> 00:37:57,762</time>
<s>但是其实建构是在关系当中的</s>
<time>1133_00:37:58,122 --> 00:37:59,562</time>
<s>就是说只有我们发现彼此</s>
<time>1134_00:37:59,922 --> 00:38:01,361</time>
<s>我们彼此碰撞</s>
<time>1135_00:38:01,722 --> 00:38:02,442</time>
<s>你才能够建构</s>
<time>1136_00:38:02,802 --> 00:38:03,161</time>
<s>否则你</s>
<time>1137_00:38:03,522 --> 00:38:05,322</time>
<s>你建构自己的资源在哪里</s>
<time>1138_00:38:05,682 --> 00:38:06,402</time>
<s>当一个大我们说</s>
<time>1139_00:38:06,762 --> 00:38:08,922</time>
<s>我的需求我的欲望</s>
<time>1140_00:38:09,282 --> 00:38:10,722</time>
<s>我自己的意愿</s>
<time>1141_00:38:11,082 --> 00:38:12,162</time>
<s>其实是生生不息的</s>
<time>1142_00:38:12,522 --> 00:38:14,682</time>
<s>在跟外部的相互的</s>
<time>1143_00:38:15,042 --> 00:38:16,482</time>
<s>互动之间来建构的</s>
<time>1144_00:38:16,842 --> 00:38:17,562</time>
<s>我们个人是如此</s>
<time>1145_00:38:17,922 --> 00:38:19,722</time>
<s>文化也是如此</s>
<time>1146_00:38:20,082 --> 00:38:20,802</time>
<s>这个概念有了以后</s>
<time>1147_00:38:21,161 --> 00:38:22,242</time>
<s>它需要克服的</s>
<time>1148_00:38:22,602 --> 00:38:24,762</time>
<s>第一点就是本文明中心主义</s>
<time>1149_00:38:25,122 --> 00:38:28,362</time>
<s>华夏中心主义也好</s>
<time>1150_00:38:30,162 --> 00:38:31,962</time>
<s>像人之间的相互遭遇</s>
<time>1151_00:38:32,322 --> 00:38:33,762</time>
<s>遭遇它是一个</s>
<time>1152_00:38:34,122 --> 00:38:36,282</time>
<s>它是一个文化上的本体论事实</s>
<time>1153_00:38:36,642 --> 00:38:38,082</time>
<s>没有遭遇就没有文化</s>
<time>1154_00:38:38,442 --> 00:38:40,602</time>
<s>没有文化的任何变迁发展</s>
<time>1155_00:38:40,962 --> 00:38:41,681</time>
<s>那遭遇意味着</s>
<time>1156_00:38:42,042 --> 00:38:44,562</time>
<s>你的边界永远是临时性的</s>
<time>1157_00:38:46,002 --> 00:38:46,721</time>
<s>你在任何一刻</s>
<time>1158_00:38:47,082 --> 00:38:48,161</time>
<s>我们的边界</s>
<time>1159_00:38:48,522 --> 00:38:50,322</time>
<s>地理的边界</s>
<time>1160_00:38:50,681 --> 00:38:51,762</time>
<s>人口的人员的边界</s>
<time>1161_00:38:52,122 --> 00:38:53,202</time>
<s>物资的边界</s>
<time>1162_00:38:53,562 --> 00:38:55,002</time>
<s>信息观念的边界都是明确的</s>
<time>1163_00:38:55,362 --> 00:38:57,162</time>
<s>但是你稍微放得长程一点看</s>
<time>1164_00:38:57,522 --> 00:38:59,682</time>
<s>那个边界都是临时的暂时的</s>
<time>1165_00:39:00,042 --> 00:39:01,482</time>
<s>它是可以被改写</s>
<time>1166_00:39:01,842 --> 00:39:02,922</time>
<s>可以被模糊化</s>
<time>1167_00:39:03,282 --> 00:39:04,361</time>
<s>有的时候可以被打破重建</s>
<time>1168_00:39:05,442 --> 00:39:05,802</time>
<s>否则的话</s>
<time>1169_00:39:06,161 --> 00:39:06,882</time>
<s>现在全世界应该是</s>
<time>1170_00:39:07,241 --> 00:39:08,682</time>
<s>千万个小部落</s>
<time>1171_00:39:09,042 --> 00:39:11,922</time>
<s>如果那个边界从来都是不变的</s>
<time>1172_00:39:12,282 --> 00:39:13,722</time>
<s>但人本来就是有那种</s>
<time>1173_00:39:14,082 --> 00:39:15,161</time>
<s>强烈的两面性</s>
<time>1174_00:39:15,522 --> 00:39:16,602</time>
<s>有时候越是模糊的</s>
<time>1175_00:39:16,962 --> 00:39:18,402</time>
<s>越是不断建构的变动的</s>
<time>1176_00:39:18,762 --> 00:39:19,842</time>
<s>它又越渴望稳定的</s>
<time>1177_00:39:20,202 --> 00:39:20,562</time>
<s>恒定的</s>
<time>1178_00:39:20,922 --> 00:39:21,642</time>
<s>我跟你不一样的</s>
<time>1179_00:39:22,722 --> 00:39:23,442</time>
<s>这种力量</s>
<time>1180_00:39:23,802 --> 00:39:24,522</time>
<s>同样也非常大</s>
<time>1181_00:39:24,882 --> 00:39:26,681</time>
<s>但它在一个好的秩序里面</s>
<time>1182_00:39:27,042 --> 00:39:28,482</time>
<s>两个都能够满足</s>
<time>1183_00:39:28,842 --> 00:39:29,562</time>
<s>就是我们又是一体的</s>
<time>1184_00:39:29,922 --> 00:39:31,002</time>
<s>但是它不应该是</s>
<time>1185_00:39:31,362 --> 00:39:32,802</time>
<s>一个特别紧密</s>
<time>1186_00:39:33,162 --> 00:39:34,242</time>
<s>然后你可以有一个</s>
<time>1187_00:39:34,602 --> 00:39:35,322</time>
<s>自己喜欢的生活</s>
<time>1188_00:39:35,681 --> 00:39:37,122</time>
<s>相对熟悉的安静的</s>
<time>1189_00:39:37,482 --> 00:39:38,201</time>
<s>但是你仍然是</s>
<time>1190_00:39:38,562 --> 00:39:39,642</time>
<s>跟人家可以有交往</s>
<time>1191_00:39:40,002 --> 00:39:40,362</time>
<s>这是一个人类的理想</s>
<time>1192_00:39:40,722 --> 00:39:41,082</time>
<s>不是说</s>
<time>1193_00:39:41,442 --> 00:39:43,242</time>
<s>大家变成一个同质化的文明</s>
<time>1194_00:39:43,602 --> 00:39:44,322</time>
<s>现在的困难是</s>
<time>1195_00:39:44,682 --> 00:39:45,762</time>
<s>太紧的联系在一起</s>
<time>1196_00:39:46,122 --> 00:39:47,562</time>
<s>要处理的问题太过于复杂</s>
<time>1197_00:39:47,922 --> 00:39:48,642</time>
<s>而且牵涉变量太多</s>
<time>1198_00:39:49,362 --> 00:39:50,082</time>
<s>会复杂</s>
<time>1199_00:39:51,162 --> 00:39:53,682</time>
<s>当你看到过去十多年</s>
<time>1200_00:39:54,042 --> 00:39:55,122</time>
<s>我们这种社会达尔文主义</s>
<time>1201_00:39:55,482 --> 00:39:56,922</time>
<s>如此之愈演愈盛</s>
<time>1202_00:39:57,282 --> 00:39:58,002</time>
<s>这种感受是一个</s>
<time>1203_00:39:59,442 --> 00:40:00,162</time>
<s>我会震惊</s>
<time>1204_00:40:00,522 --> 00:40:00,882</time>
<s>它是</s>
<time>1205_00:40:01,602 --> 00:40:02,322</time>
<s>我不是说反中国</s>
<time>1206_00:40:02,682 --> 00:40:05,201</time>
<s>它是背离中国一个文明传统的</s>
<time>1207_00:40:05,562 --> 00:40:07,002</time>
<s>美美与共各美其美</s>
<time>1208_00:40:07,722 --> 00:40:09,162</time>
<s>这些传统是</s>
<time>1209_00:40:09,522 --> 00:40:10,602</time>
<s>中国文化的精华</s>
<time>1210_00:40:10,962 --> 00:40:12,762</time>
<s>现在一部分年轻人的心态</s>
<time>1211_00:40:13,122 --> 00:40:15,282</time>
<s>在这个意义上是非中国的</s>
<time>1212_00:40:16,362 --> 00:40:17,802</time>
<s>因为他第一个相信</s>
<time>1213_00:40:18,162 --> 00:40:19,242</time>
<s>强力实力</s>
<time>1214_00:40:19,602 --> 00:40:20,681</time>
<s>相信能力</s>
<time>1215_00:40:21,042 --> 00:40:22,842</time>
<s>相信社会达尔文主义</s>
<time>1216_00:40:23,201 --> 00:40:23,922</time>
<s>相信弱肉强食</s>
<time>1217_00:40:25,002 --> 00:40:26,802</time>
<s>这个想法是非常西方的</s>
<time>1218_00:40:27,161 --> 00:40:29,322</time>
<s>是已经过时了的西方</s>
<time>1219_00:40:29,681 --> 00:40:30,402</time>
<s>西方当然现在还会有</s>
<time>1220_00:40:30,761 --> 00:40:31,122</time>
<s>这样一个东西</s>
<time>1221_00:40:31,482 --> 00:40:32,202</time>
<s>但是</s>
<time>1222_00:40:32,562 --> 00:40:33,282</time>
<s>至少在学界文化界</s>
<time>1223_00:40:33,642 --> 00:40:34,721</time>
<s>这个东西是被</s>
<time>1224_00:40:35,082 --> 00:40:37,602</time>
<s>非常部夷的批判的东西</s>
<time>1225_00:40:37,962 --> 00:40:39,042</time>
<s>因为这是对达尔文的一个误解</s>
<time>1226_00:40:39,402 --> 00:40:41,922</time>
<s>达尔文是说有一个适合性</s>
<time>1227_00:40:42,282 --> 00:40:44,442</time>
<s>是适者生存不是强者生存</s>
<time>1228_00:40:44,802 --> 00:40:46,602</time>
<s>不是那个强力</s>
<time>1229_00:40:46,962 --> 00:40:49,122</time>
<s>我们还是很多人相信就是相信</s>
<time>1230_00:40:49,482 --> 00:40:51,282</time>
<s>我足够强就能碾压你</s>
<time>1231_00:40:51,641 --> 00:40:53,082</time>
<s>我足够强就把你</s>
<time>1232_00:40:53,442 --> 00:40:55,602</time>
<s>你如果说你是中国人</s>
<time>1233_00:40:55,962 --> 00:40:58,122</time>
<s>你中国文明当中最理想的</s>
<time>1234_00:40:58,482 --> 00:40:59,202</time>
<s>最高的那个</s>
<time>1235_00:40:59,562 --> 00:41:01,002</time>
<s>那个美好的东西</s>
<time>1236_00:41:01,362 --> 00:41:02,802</time>
<s>你就放弃了</s>
<time>1237_00:41:03,162 --> 00:41:04,602</time>
<s>你最后赢你可能变成了一个</s>
<time>1238_00:41:04,962 --> 00:41:07,842</time>
<s>反而是一个西方十九世纪</s>
<time>1239_00:41:08,201 --> 00:41:10,722</time>
<s>野蛮的一种文明的再登场</s>
<time>1240_00:41:11,082 --> 00:41:15,402</time>
<s>这是中华民族的复兴吗</s>
<time>1241_00:41:15,762 --> 00:41:16,482</time>
<s>我不认为是如此</s>
<time>1242_00:41:17,562 --> 00:41:18,642</time>
<s>但是这是可以引导的</s>
<time>1243_00:41:19,002 --> 00:41:20,802</time>
<s>我们这样讲就职场上这些</s>
<time>1244_00:41:21,522 --> 00:41:24,042</time>
<s>就完全那种残酷竞争的逻辑</s>
<time>1245_00:41:24,402 --> 00:41:25,122</time>
<s>它可能在有一段时间是</s>
<time>1246_00:41:25,482 --> 00:41:26,922</time>
<s>特别管用</s>
<time>1247_00:41:27,281 --> 00:41:28,722</time>
<s>在现在不起作用了</s>
<time>1248_00:41:29,082 --> 00:41:31,242</time>
<s>在现在这个时代至少局部的</s>
<time>1249_00:41:31,602 --> 00:41:32,321</time>
<s>在许多人那里</s>
<time>1250_00:41:32,681 --> 00:41:33,402</time>
<s>他觉得</s>
<time>1251_00:41:33,762 --> 00:41:34,842</time>
<s>不起作用了</s>
<time>1252_00:41:35,922 --> 00:41:37,362</time>
<s>所以它可能</s>
<time>1253_00:41:37,722 --> 00:41:39,882</time>
<s>不是一个特别好的生存逻辑</s>
<time>1254_00:41:40,241 --> 00:41:41,682</time>
<s>当然知道你会说我</s>
<time>1255_00:41:42,042 --> 00:41:44,202</time>
<s>太天真太理想</s>
<time>1256_00:41:44,562 --> 00:41:45,641</time>
<s>但是你现在其实问我</s>
<time>1257_00:41:46,002 --> 00:41:47,442</time>
<s>特别现实主义的人</s>
<time>1258_00:41:47,802 --> 00:41:48,522</time>
<s>在这个世界上</s>
<time>1259_00:41:48,882 --> 00:41:49,962</time>
<s>真的吃得开吗</s>
<time>1260_00:41:50,322 --> 00:41:51,042</time>
<s>我用一个现实主义的标准</s>
<time>1261_00:41:51,402 --> 00:41:51,762</time>
<s>评价你</s>
<time>1262_00:41:52,122 --> 00:41:52,842</time>
<s>无论你当同学</s>
<time>1263_00:41:53,202 --> 00:41:53,922</time>
<s>当同事</s>
<time>1264_00:41:54,282 --> 00:41:55,722</time>
<s>我们对那种特别巧于心计</s>
<time>1265_00:41:56,082 --> 00:41:56,802</time>
<s>斤斤计较的人</s>
<time>1266_00:41:57,162 --> 00:41:57,882</time>
<s>不择手段</s>
<time>1267_00:41:58,241 --> 00:41:58,602</time>
<s>弱肉强食的人</s>
<time>1268_00:41:58,962 --> 00:42:01,482</time>
<s>他在哪个行业里</s>
<time>1269_00:42:01,842 --> 00:42:02,562</time>
<s>是特别吃得开的</s>
<time>1270_00:42:02,922 --> 00:42:04,362</time>
<s>他是不是会</s>
<time>1271_00:42:04,722 --> 00:42:06,882</time>
<s>感到很多很多挫折</s>
<time>1272_00:42:07,242 --> 00:42:08,322</time>
<s>你去问</s>
<time>1273_00:42:08,681 --> 00:42:11,562</time>
<s>所以这才是你反思的起点</s>
<time>1274_00:42:11,922 --> 00:42:13,002</time>
<s>不是说你现实过得很好</s>
<time>1275_00:42:13,362 --> 00:42:14,442</time>
<s>我说人要理想</s>
<time>1276_00:42:14,802 --> 00:42:15,882</time>
<s>就像我们领导人说的</s>
<time>1277_00:42:16,241 --> 00:42:17,682</time>
<s>就是说斗则两伤</s>
<time>1278_00:42:18,042 --> 00:42:19,482</time>
<s>合则两利</s>
<time>1279_00:42:19,842 --> 00:42:22,002</time>
<s>这个道理</s>
<time>1280_00:42:22,362 --> 00:42:23,802</time>
<s>它正在成为世界的现实</s>
<time>1281_00:42:24,162 --> 00:42:25,602</time>
<s>它越来越成为一个</s>
<time>1282_00:42:25,962 --> 00:42:27,042</time>
<s>现实的规范逻辑</s>
<time>1283_00:42:27,402 --> 00:42:28,122</time>
<s>而不是空中楼阁</s>
<time>1284_00:42:29,202 --> 00:42:29,922</time>
<s>用罗尔斯的话说</s>
<time>1285_00:42:30,281 --> 00:42:32,082</time>
<s>我们提的这个想象</s>
<time>1286_00:42:32,442 --> 00:42:35,321</time>
<s>是现实主义的乌托邦</s>
<time>1287_00:42:35,682 --> 00:42:37,482</time>
<s>它是有实践可行性的</s>
<time>1288_00:42:37,842 --> 00:42:39,281</time>
<s>要不然我们在做梦吗</s>
<time>1289_00:42:41,082 --> 00:42:42,522</time>
<s>那些看起来每一步</s>
<time>1290_00:42:42,882 --> 00:42:43,602</time>
<s>都很理性的人</s>
<time>1291_00:42:43,962 --> 00:42:44,682</time>
<s>最后变成一个非常</s>
<time>1292_00:42:45,042 --> 00:42:45,762</time>
<s>非理性的一个举动</s>
<time>1293_00:42:46,122 --> 00:42:46,842</time>
<s>对</s>
<time>1294_00:42:48,282 --> 00:42:49,721</time>
<s>那个争论斗争是必要的</s>
<time>1295_00:42:50,442 --> 00:42:51,882</time>
<s>但是你要明确你的目标是什么</s>
<time>1296_00:42:52,602 --> 00:42:54,402</time>
<s>我们如果认为现在美国</s>
<time>1297_00:42:54,762 --> 00:42:55,842</time>
<s>或者过去美国主导的那个</s>
<time>1298_00:42:56,201 --> 00:42:57,642</time>
<s>世界秩序不够公平</s>
<time>1299_00:42:58,722 --> 00:42:59,802</time>
<s>那么我们应该让它更公平</s>
<time>1300_00:43:00,882 --> 00:43:02,682</time>
<s>如果它的单方治理是不够的</s>
<time>1301_00:43:03,041 --> 00:43:05,922</time>
<s>中国是要跟他们一起合作</s>
