<time>526_00:25:55,920 --> 00:25:58,800</time>
<s>所以保安主要的工作对于安全来说就是坐在那儿</s>
<time>527_00:25:59,160 --> 00:26:02,400</time>
<s>就是看着是否有一些异常情况然后报警</s>
<time>528_00:26:03,840 --> 00:26:08,160</time>
<s>对于保安来说他确实强壮年轻可能更有威慢力</s>
<time>529_00:26:08,520 --> 00:26:10,680</time>
<s>但是其他东西也很重要</s>
<time>530_00:26:11,040 --> 00:26:12,120</time>
<s>臂如他的反应能力</s>
<time>531_00:26:12,480 --> 00:26:13,560</time>
<s>他的责任心</s>
<time>532_00:26:13,920 --> 00:26:15,360</time>
<s>他的经验</s>
<time>533_00:26:15,720 --> 00:26:16,800</time>
<s>他的沟通能力等等</s>
<time>534_00:26:17,160 --> 00:26:19,680</time>
<s>但这些为什么就完全被忽略不计呢</s>
<time>535_00:26:20,760 --> 00:26:22,200</time>
<s>对于业主来说</s>
<time>536_00:26:22,560 --> 00:26:26,520</time>
<s>其实他不仅仅是为了想要追求更安全的保护</s>
<time>537_00:26:26,880 --> 00:26:31,200</time>
<s>同时一群健壮但是顺从的年轻男性身体</s>
<time>538_00:26:31,560 --> 00:26:34,080</time>
<s>更能显示出业主的财富和地位</s>
<time>539_00:26:34,800 --> 00:26:36,960</time>
<s>换言之这就是炫耀性消费</s>
<time>540_00:26:37,680 --> 00:26:39,120</time>
<s>同时它还暗含一个意思是</s>
<time>541_00:26:39,480 --> 00:26:43,080</time>
<s>保安的身体而非服务成了炫耀性消费的对象</s>
<time>542_00:26:43,800 --> 00:26:45,240</time>
<s>说到炫耀性消费</s>
<time>543_00:26:45,600 --> 00:26:48,480</time>
<s>它在许多社会当中都被认为是不道德的</s>
<time>544_00:26:49,200 --> 00:26:52,440</time>
<s>大家普遍认为一个人对炫耀性消费的迷恋</s>
<time>545_00:26:52,800 --> 00:26:55,680</time>
<s>源自于这个人的一个消极人格特质</s>
<time>546_00:26:56,400 --> 00:26:58,920</time>
<s>臂如浪费肤浅虚荣</s>
<time>547_00:27:00,000 --> 00:27:02,880</time>
<s>而炫耀性消费在社会中流行的根源</s>
<time>548_00:27:03,240 --> 00:27:05,040</time>
<s>在于社会经济的不平等</s>
<time>549_00:27:05,400 --> 00:27:08,640</time>
<s>但如果炫耀性消费在道德上是令人反感的</s>
<time>550_00:27:09,360 --> 00:27:11,880</time>
<s>为什么这种行为在全世界仍然很流行呢</s>
<time>551_00:27:12,600 --> 00:27:14,400</time>
<s>有一个学者就提出说</s>
<time>552_00:27:15,120 --> 00:27:18,720</time>
<s>某些道德价值观可以合理化这种炫耀性消费</s>
<time>553_00:27:20,160 --> 00:27:21,960</time>
<s>也就是说如果你给炫耀性消费</s>
<time>554_00:27:22,320 --> 00:27:27,720</time>
<s>附加了某些有关群体生存境况的道德价值观的话</s>
<time>555_00:27:28,440 --> 00:27:30,240</time>
<s>你可以使这种炫耀性消费的行为</s>
<time>556_00:27:30,600 --> 00:27:32,760</time>
<s>变得是可以接受甚至受欢迎的</s>
<time>557_00:27:33,840 --> 00:27:36,720</time>
<s>在这个案例当中是有什么样道德价值观呢</s>
<time>558_00:27:37,440 --> 00:27:38,520</time>
<s>我认为是恐惧感</s>
<time>559_00:27:39,600 --> 00:27:42,120</time>
<s>1992年的时候美国有一部电影叫《candyMan》</s>
<time>560_00:27:43,200 --> 00:27:45,720</time>
<s>它那个主角是一个中产阶级白人</s>
<time>561_00:27:46,440 --> 00:27:49,680</time>
<s>然后那个可怕东西是一个像黑人的形象</s>
<time>562_00:27:50,400 --> 00:27:55,080</time>
<s>就有学者从这部电影开始研究了美国各种各样的恐怖片席</s>
<time>563_00:27:55,800 --> 00:27:57,240</time>
<s>他看过所有恐怖片以后发现</s>
<time>564_00:27:57,600 --> 00:28:02,640</time>
<s>绝大多数那里边害怕主角都是中产阶级白人</s>
<time>565_00:28:04,080 --> 00:28:05,520</time>
<s>他们要不在自己家里边</s>
<time>566_00:28:05,880 --> 00:28:08,040</time>
<s>要不就开车去小木屋度假</s>
<time>567_00:28:08,400 --> 00:28:09,840</time>
<s>然后就遇到了可怕的事情</s>
<time>568_00:28:10,560 --> 00:28:12,720</time>
<s>这个从商业逻辑上是可以理解的</s>
<time>569_00:28:13,080 --> 00:28:15,600</time>
<s>因为可能大部分走进电影院去看恐怖片的</s>
<time>570_00:28:15,960 --> 00:28:17,400</time>
<s>都是这样中产阶级白人</s>
<time>571_00:28:17,760 --> 00:28:20,280</time>
<s>为了让他们有代入感就设置了这样的主角</s>
<time>572_00:28:20,640 --> 00:28:23,160</time>
<s>但是有个学者Humphrey他就提出来说</s>
<time>573_00:28:23,520 --> 00:28:26,040</time>
<s>那其实意味着恐惧成了一种财产</s>
<time>574_00:28:26,400 --> 00:28:27,480</time>
<s>两者就捆绑了</s>
<time>575_00:28:27,840 --> 00:28:32,880</time>
<s>它自动会授予给房产主人和中产阶级价值观的所有者</s>
<time>576_00:28:34,320 --> 00:28:36,120</time>
<s>也就是说如果你是个流浪汉</s>
<time>577_00:28:36,480 --> 00:28:38,640</time>
<s>你是没有房产的一个底层人士</s>
<time>578_00:28:39,000 --> 00:28:40,440</time>
<s>你是没有资格恐惧的</s>
<time>579_00:28:41,520 --> 00:28:43,680</time>
<s>或者说你的恐惧不会被人看见</s>
<time>580_00:28:44,400 --> 00:28:45,120</time>
<s>不会有人关心</s>
<time>581_00:28:45,840 --> 00:28:46,560</time>
<s>我们说起恐惧感</s>
<time>582_00:28:46,920 --> 00:28:50,520</time>
<s>我们都会认为这是一个非常消极的负面的被动的情绪</s>
<time>583_00:28:50,880 --> 00:28:52,320</time>
<s>大家都想避之不及</s>
<time>584_00:28:53,400 --> 00:28:56,280</time>
<s>但是从理论上讲它其实也可能是一种权力</s>
<time>585_00:28:57,000 --> 00:29:00,600</time>
<s>它甚至有时候是有利于某些群体内部的团结的</s>
<time>586_00:29:01,320 --> 00:29:03,120</time>
<s>德国社会学家贝克就说</s>
<time>587_00:29:03,480 --> 00:29:07,440</time>
<s>在一个对上帝阶级国家和进步的信任和信仰</s>
<time>588_00:29:07,800 --> 00:29:09,240</time>
<s>已基本消失的年代</s>
<time>589_00:29:09,960 --> 00:29:13,200</time>
<s>共同恐惧已经被证明是人类仅剩的</s>
<time>590_00:29:13,560 --> 00:29:16,800</time>
<s>能通过矛盾来制造新联系的资源了</s>
<time>591_00:29:17,520 --> 00:29:20,040</time>
<s>大家都知道中产阶级形成时间很短</s>
<time>592_00:29:20,400 --> 00:29:22,200</time>
<s>他们之间共享的东西很少</s>
<time>593_00:29:22,560 --> 00:29:25,440</time>
<s>恐惧感是少数他们能够共享的东西之一</s>
<time>594_00:29:26,160 --> 00:29:27,960</time>
<s>甚至可以称之为文化资本</s>
<time>595_00:29:28,320 --> 00:29:33,000</time>
<s>业主不太会说我想要更多保安是因为我想高房价</s>
<time>596_00:29:33,360 --> 00:29:35,160</time>
<s>我想体现我的身份地位</s>
<time>597_00:29:35,880 --> 00:29:38,760</time>
<s>业主只会说我想要更多保安是因为我觉得不安全</s>
<time>598_00:29:39,480 --> 00:29:42,000</time>
<s>他们其实是把自己放在了一个</s>
<time>599_00:29:42,360 --> 00:29:45,600</time>
<s>脆弱的恐惧的担忧的角色当中</s>
<time>600_00:29:45,960 --> 00:29:49,200</time>
<s>去合理化这样的一种炫耀性消费的需求</s>
<time>601_00:29:50,280 --> 00:29:54,600</time>
<s>但这种需求并不是真正源自于对小概率犯罪的一个恐惧席</s>
<time>602_00:29:54,960 --> 00:29:59,640</time>
<s>很大程度上它是根源于在一个我们今天高速发展的时代席</s>
<time>603_00:30:00,000 --> 00:30:03,600</time>
<s>他对自身的一种经济状况和社会地位的没有安全感</s>
<time>604_00:30:04,320 --> 00:30:08,280</time>
<s>我如果跟业主坐下来聊恐惧的话我们可以聊很长时间</s>
<time>605_00:30:09,360 --> 00:30:10,440</time>
<s>他们会跟我讲</s>
<time>606_00:30:11,520 --> 00:30:15,120</time>
<s>他们会很害怕空气污染食品安全</s>
<time>607_00:30:15,480 --> 00:30:20,160</time>
<s>社区犯罪小孩拐卖转基因等等等等</s>
<time>608_00:30:20,880 --> 00:30:23,400</time>
<s>如果我去问一个保安你害怕什么</s>
<time>609_00:30:24,840 --> 00:30:26,640</time>
<s>我通常是得不到答案的</s>
<time>610_00:30:27,360 --> 00:30:30,960</time>
<s>保安们似乎从来没有准备好他们要被问这样一个问题</s>
<time>611_00:30:32,040 --> 00:30:34,200</time>
<s>也就是默认了他们是没有资格恐惧的</s>
<time>612_00:30:34,920 --> 00:30:36,360</time>
<s>但是每个人都有恐惧</s>
<time>613_00:30:37,080 --> 00:30:38,520</time>
<s>恐惧是人性的一部分</s>
<time>614_00:30:39,240 --> 00:30:40,680</time>
<s>如果你否认了一个人的恐惧</s>
<time>615_00:30:41,040 --> 00:30:42,480</time>
<s>相当于否认了这个人的人性</s>
<time>616_00:30:43,200 --> 00:30:46,440</time>
<s>如果我问保安你工作当中害怕什么得不到回答的话</s>
<time>617_00:30:47,160 --> 00:30:47,880</time>
<s>我会换一个问题</s>
<time>618_00:30:48,240 --> 00:30:50,040</time>
<s>你工作当中讨厌什么</s>
<time>619_00:30:51,120 --> 00:30:54,000</time>
<s>他们会告诉我讨厌跟业主打交道</s>
<time>620_00:30:54,360 --> 00:30:56,520</time>
<s>在我刚去不久就发生了一件事</s>
<time>621_00:30:56,880 --> 00:31:00,120</time>
<s>有一个50多岁的保安他是值夜班的</s>
<time>622_00:31:00,480 --> 00:31:01,920</time>
<s>站在小区门口</s>
<time>623_00:31:02,640 --> 00:31:05,160</time>
<s>因为他们装了自动识别系统以后</s>
<time>624_00:31:05,520 --> 00:31:08,760</time>
<s>那些车如果没有交月费季费的话他就停不进去</s>
<time>625_00:31:09,120 --> 00:31:11,640</time>
<s>那个业主就要求保安帮他开门</s>
<time>626_00:31:12,000 --> 00:31:15,240</time>
<s>但是保安遵守物业公司的规定他是不能开的</s>
<time>627_00:31:15,960 --> 00:31:17,040</time>
<s>那个业主就很生气</s>
<time>628_00:31:17,400 --> 00:31:19,920</time>
<s>就从车上下来以后就把那个保安打了</s>
<time>629_00:31:20,640 --> 00:31:22,440</time>
<s>打伤了以后就送去了医院</s>
<time>630_00:31:23,160 --> 00:31:24,600</time>
<s>后来每次说到这个事情</s>
<time>631_00:31:25,320 --> 00:31:27,120</time>
<s>那些保安就开玩笑说</s>
<time>632_00:31:27,480 --> 00:31:29,280</time>
<s>这个小区里面没有危险的罪犯</s>
<time>633_00:31:29,640 --> 00:31:30,360</time>
<s>只有危险的业主</s>
<time>634_00:31:31,080 --> 00:31:33,960</time>
<s>那些保安他们从农村来到城市</s>
<time>635_00:31:35,040 --> 00:31:36,480</time>
<s>他们其实是在这个城市当中</s>
<time>636_00:31:37,200 --> 00:31:39,000</time>
<s>是在一个社会地位是最低的</s>
<time>637_00:31:39,720 --> 00:31:40,800</time>
<s>到小区里边</s>
<time>638_00:31:41,160 --> 00:31:43,680</time>
<s>他们也是在小区权力结构的最底层</s>
<time>639_00:31:44,760 --> 00:31:46,560</time>
<s>因为不仅是业主</s>
<time>640_00:31:47,280 --> 00:31:49,440</time>
<s>还有保安公司物业公司</s>
<time>641_00:31:49,800 --> 00:31:51,600</time>
<s>还有那些居委会的公职人员</s>
<time>642_00:31:52,320 --> 00:31:53,760</time>
<s>男女老少都可以使唤他们</s>
<time>643_00:31:54,480 --> 00:31:59,520</time>
<s>我发现有些业主确实在跟他们互动时候不太尊重</s>
<time>644_00:31:59,880 --> 00:32:00,600</time>
<s>甚至有歧视</s>
<time>645_00:32:01,320 --> 00:32:04,920</time>
<s>即便保安是为了城市业主的恐惧而存在的</s>
<time>646_00:32:05,280 --> 00:32:07,080</time>
<s>他们其实也有自己的恐惧</s>
<time>647_00:32:07,800 --> 00:32:09,600</time>
<s>臂如说个人尊严的受损</s>
<time>648_00:32:10,680 --> 00:32:11,760</time>
<s>个人的前途</s>
<time>649_00:32:12,840 --> 00:32:13,560</time>
<s>家人的生存</s>
<time>650_00:32:14,280 --> 00:32:15,720</time>
<s>患病和老年后的保障</s>
<time>651_00:32:16,080 --> 00:32:16,800</time>
<s>这些都是没有的</s>
<time>652_00:32:17,520 --> 00:32:20,040</time>
<s>下面我跟大家分享一个保安的小故事</s>
<time>653_00:32:20,400 --> 00:32:23,640</time>
<s>有一个43岁来自江西的保安</s>
<time>654_00:32:25,080 --> 00:32:26,880</time>
<s>他就被上海的媒体报道过</s>
<time>655_00:32:27,960 --> 00:32:33,360</time>
<s>因为他经常捡到小区业主的遗落的物品然后上交</s>
<time>656_00:32:34,080 --> 00:32:35,520</time>
<s>比如捡到过钱包电脑</s>
<time>657_00:32:35,880 --> 00:32:37,320</time>
<s>就好像好事都给他碰上了</s>
<time>658_00:32:38,400 --> 00:32:42,360</time>
<s>他还撞见过晚上偷电瓶车的也立了功</s>
<time>659_00:32:42,720 --> 00:32:44,520</time>
<s>但因为他身材比较瘦小</s>
<time>660_00:32:44,880 --> 00:32:45,240</time>
<s>年龄也超了</s>
<time>661_00:32:45,600 --> 00:32:45,960</time>
<s>他没有被提拔</s>
<time>662_00:32:46,680 --> 00:32:48,480</time>
<s>但是他已经作为一个道德模范了</s>
<time>663_00:32:48,840 --> 00:32:49,560</time>
<s>一直被宣传</s>
<time>664_00:32:49,920 --> 00:32:53,880</time>
<s>一到冬天的晚上值夜班的保安大部分都想偷懒</s>
<time>665_00:32:54,240 --> 00:32:55,320</time>
<s>因为外面很冷</s>
<time>666_00:32:55,680 --> 00:32:56,760</time>
<s>而且没有人监督他们</s>
<time>667_00:32:57,120 --> 00:32:59,280</time>
<s>他们就躲在岗亭里不想出去巡逻</s>
<time>668_00:33:00,000 --> 00:33:03,240</time>
<s>但是这个保安他一整个晚上马不停蹄的在巡逻</s>
<time>669_00:33:03,600 --> 00:33:06,480</time>
<s>有一天我就提出来我想跟他一起巡逻</s>
<time>670_00:33:06,840 --> 00:33:07,560</time>
<s>他就答应了</s>
<time>671_00:33:09,000 --> 00:33:11,520</time>
<s>然后我们出去以后我发现他一手拿个塑料袋</s>
<time>672_00:33:11,880 --> 00:33:12,600</time>
<s>一手拿个手电筒</s>
<time>673_00:33:12,960 --> 00:33:14,040</time>
<s>一直在地上找东西</s>
<time>674_00:33:14,400 --> 00:33:15,480</time>
<s>我就问他找什么</s>
<time>675_00:33:15,840 --> 00:33:16,560</time>
<s>他说捡钱</s>
<time>676_00:33:16,920 --> 00:33:21,960</time>
<s>我后来才知道鼓励他或者说让他一直在巡逻的动力</s>
<time>677_00:33:22,680 --> 00:33:24,840</time>
<s>就是捡小区里别人掉的零钱</s>
<time>678_00:33:25,200 --> 00:33:27,360</time>
<s>因为这个小区很大六七万人</s>
<time>679_00:33:27,720 --> 00:33:28,440</time>
<s>因为人口很多的话</s>
<time>680_00:33:29,160 --> 00:33:30,240</time>
<s>他每天晚上都有收获</s>
<time>681_00:33:30,960 --> 00:33:32,760</time>
<s>能捡到一块的五毛的</s>
<time>682_00:33:33,120 --> 00:33:34,560</time>
<s>有时候运气好能拉到一百块</s>
<time>683_00:33:35,640 --> 00:33:37,440</time>
<s>所以他一个月少的能捡到小几百</s>
<time>684_00:33:38,160 --> 00:33:39,240</time>
<s>多的能捡到上干</s>
<time>685_00:33:39,600 --> 00:33:42,840</time>
<s>所以他用这个钱就买烟还有寄回老家</s>
<time>686_00:33:43,200 --> 00:33:44,640</time>
<s>当这个媒体报道他的时候</s>
<time>687_00:33:45,000 --> 00:33:47,880</time>
<s>会把他塑造成一个完全没有个人欲望的</s>
<time>688_00:33:48,240 --> 00:33:52,560</time>
<s>他就是为了小区业主的利益而存在的一个道德模范</s>
<time>689_00:33:53,280 --> 00:33:55,080</time>
<s>但其实他就是一个普通人</s>
<time>690_00:33:55,800 --> 00:33:56,160</time>
<s>跟我们一样</s>
<time>691_00:33:56,880 --> 00:33:58,320</time>
<s>他是拿了非常微薄的工资</s>
<time>692_00:33:58,680 --> 00:33:59,760</time>
<s>没有任何社会保障</s>
<time>693_00:34:00,120 --> 00:34:01,560</time>
<s>打着一份工的普通人</s>
<time>694_00:34:01,920 --> 00:34:04,440</time>
<s>我曾经问过那些保安</s>
<time>695_00:34:04,800 --> 00:34:06,600</time>
<s>我说如果发生了凶杀案</s>
<time>696_00:34:06,960 --> 00:34:08,400</time>
<s>你们会不会挺身而出</s>
<time>697_00:34:09,120 --> 00:34:10,200</time>
<s>他们全都说不会</s>
<time>698_00:34:11,640 --> 00:34:14,880</time>
<s>因为他们说保安公司是不允许他们这么做的</s>
<time>699_00:34:15,600 --> 00:34:17,040</time>
<s>而且有一个保安对我说</s>
<time>700_00:34:17,760 --> 00:34:18,480</time>
<s>我不是英雄</s>
<time>701_00:34:19,200 --> 00:34:19,920</time>
<s>我只是个保安</s>
<time>702_00:34:20,640 --> 00:34:22,080</time>
<s>所以我们应该认识到</s>
<time>703_00:34:22,800 --> 00:34:23,880</time>
<s>他们和我们一样</s>
<time>704_00:34:24,240 --> 00:34:26,400</time>
<s>也有自己的恐惧欲望和抱负</s>
<time>705_00:34:27,120 --> 00:34:29,280</time>
<s>他们也希望过更好的生活</s>
<time>706_00:34:29,640 --> 00:34:30,720</time>
<s>并免于恐惧</s>
<time>707_00:34:31,440 --> 00:34:35,040</time>
<s>今天和大家分享的只是我论文当中的一个方面</s>
<time>708_00:34:35,760 --> 00:34:39,000</time>
<s>小区保安是我们每个人都曾经接触过的</s>
<time>709_00:34:39,360 --> 00:34:41,160</time>
<s>或者在生活中打过交道的</s>
<time>710_00:34:41,880 --> 00:34:45,480</time>
<s>我希望今天这个分享可以让我们不再把他们当成隐形人席</s>
<time>711_00:34:45,840 --> 00:34:46,200</time>
<s>谢谢大家</s>
