<time>2_00:00:11,880 --> 00:00:13,680</time>
<s>非常感谢一席邀请我</s>
<time>3_00:00:14,040 --> 00:00:15,120</time>
<s>和远在中国的你们聊天</s>
<time>4_00:00:15,840 --> 00:00:16,560</time>
<s>虽然只是通过视频的形式</s>
<time>5_00:00:18,000 --> 00:00:19,440</time>
<s>我叫StephenAxford</s>
<time>6_00:00:19,800 --> 00:00:21,600</time>
<s>我是个蘑菇摄影师</s>
<time>7_00:00:33,120 --> 00:00:34,200</time>
<s>用</s>
<time>8_00:00:39,960 --> 00:00:41,400</time>
<s>我现在站的这个地方</s>
<time>9_00:00:42,120 --> 00:00:45,360</time>
<s>是我家附近的一片濒危的低地亚热带雨林</s>
<time>10_00:00:45,720 --> 00:00:49,320</time>
<s>在澳大利亚新南威尔士州北岸</s>
<time>11_00:00:50,400 --> 00:00:51,480</time>
<s>过去十年里</s>
<time>12_00:00:52,200 --> 00:00:55,440</time>
<s>我在这片林子里拍摄了许多蘑菇的照片</s>
<time>13_00:00:56,160 --> 00:00:56,520</time>
<s>除此之外我还去到</s>
<time>14_00:00:57,240 --> 00:01:01,200</time>
<s>地球最偏远的一些森林中拍蘑菇</s>
<time>15_00:01:02,280 --> 00:01:04,440</time>
<s>拍蘑菇已经成为了我的一大热爱</s>
<time>16_00:01:04,800 --> 00:01:07,320</time>
<s>完全改变了我对世界的看法</s>
<time>17_00:01:08,400 --> 00:01:11,640</time>
<s>这是我拍的第一个蘑菇</s>
<time>18_00:01:12,720 --> 00:01:15,600</time>
<s>它的学名是Cortinarius archeri</s>
<time>19_00:01:16,320 --> 00:01:17,400</time>
<s>我为什么会拍它呢</s>
<time>20_00:01:17,760 --> 00:01:19,920</time>
<s>那还是2003年</s>
<time>21_00:01:20,640 --> 00:01:23,520</time>
<s>我妻子因为乳腺癌在五年前去世了</s>
<time>22_00:01:24,600 --> 00:01:26,400</time>
<s>我也得了可能会危及生命的病</s>
<time>23_00:01:27,480 --> 00:01:28,200</time>
<s>这两件事我都熬过来了</s>
<time>24_00:01:28,560 --> 00:01:31,440</time>
<s>但当你面对死亡的时候就会重新思考生命</s>
<time>25_00:01:32,160 --> 00:01:33,960</time>
<s>我当时想重新塑造我自己</s>
<time>26_00:01:35,400 --> 00:01:39,360</time>
<s>澳大利亚沿海的荒野和古老的森林</s>
<time>27_00:01:39,720 --> 00:01:41,160</time>
<s>便成了我的避难所</s>
<time>28_00:01:41,880 --> 00:01:44,400</time>
<s>有一天我沿着海边的小路散步的时候</s>
<time>29_00:01:45,120 --> 00:01:46,920</time>
<s>发现了这个紫色蘑菇</s>
<time>30_00:01:47,640 --> 00:01:49,800</time>
<s>我当时根本不知道还有紫色的蘑菇</s>
<time>31_00:01:50,160 --> 00:01:51,960</time>
<s>要是你问我蘑菇是什么</s>
<time>32_00:01:53,040 --> 00:01:55,560</time>
<s>我可能会告诉你它不是一种植物</s>
<time>33_00:01:56,280 --> 00:01:57,360</time>
<s>仅此而已</s>
<time>34_00:01:58,440 --> 00:02:00,240</time>
<s>我当时还在做计算机软件工程师</s>
<time>35_00:02:00,960 --> 00:02:04,200</time>
<s>从来没学过植物学和动物学</s>
<time>36_00:02:04,920 --> 00:02:06,360</time>
<s>也不了解任何一门生命科学</s>
<time>37_00:02:07,080 --> 00:02:08,880</time>
<s>但在我拍了这个蘑菇之后</s>
<time>38_00:02:09,600 --> 00:02:11,760</time>
<s>我对真菌产生了浓厚的兴趣</s>
<time>39_00:02:12,480 --> 00:02:15,000</time>
<s>我对森林的看法从此发生了彻底的改变</s>
<time>40_00:02:15,720 --> 00:02:18,240</time>
<s>我不再向上看而是向下看</s>
<time>41_00:02:18,960 --> 00:02:21,120</time>
<s>搜寻地上可能藏有的奇珍异宝</s>
<time>42_00:02:26,880 --> 00:02:30,840</time>
<s>这些是我早期发现的几种蘑菇</s>
<time>43_00:02:31,920 --> 00:02:34,440</time>
<s>那个时候我特别注重色彩</s>
<time>44_00:02:35,880 --> 00:02:38,400</time>
<s>这是明绿湿伞</s>
<time>45_00:02:39,120 --> 00:02:40,920</time>
<s>一种生长在塔斯马尼亚雨林里的</s>
<time>46_00:02:41,280 --> 00:02:42,720</time>
<s>特别漂亮的绿色蘑菇</s>
<time>47_00:02:43,800 --> 00:02:47,760</time>
<s>它相当小菌盖只有1-3厘米宽</s>
<time>48_00:02:48,120 --> 00:02:50,640</time>
<s>我发现这个标本的时候非常兴奋</s>
<time>49_00:02:51,000 --> 00:02:52,800</time>
<s>因为它们非常不容易看到</s>
<time>50_00:02:53,160 --> 00:02:56,760</time>
<s>苔藓绿的蘑菇长在绿色的苔藓里</s>
<time>51_00:02:57,480 --> 00:02:59,280</time>
<s>我尊下来拍照</s>
<time>52_00:02:59,640 --> 00:03:02,880</time>
<s>以为拍下来的是非常特别的单一标本</s>
<time>53_00:03:03,240 --> 00:03:04,680</time>
<s>但当我站起来的时候才发现</s>
<time>54_00:03:05,040 --> 00:03:09,000</time>
<s>刚刚我一直跪在一整片绿色苔藓里的绿色蘑菇上席</s>
<time>55_00:03:10,440 --> 00:03:11,880</time>
<s>这是红菇属</s>
<time>56_00:03:12,240 --> 00:03:14,400</time>
<s>通常外观看上去都非常完美</s>
<time>57_00:03:15,480 --> 00:03:18,720</time>
<s>这种菌有红色的黄色的紫色的绿色的</s>
<time>58_00:03:19,080 --> 00:03:20,520</time>
<s>下面的白色菌褶鲜艳极了</s>
<time>59_00:03:20,880 --> 00:03:23,040</time>
<s>它们对于摄影师来说非常有吸引力</s>
<time>60_00:03:23,400 --> 00:03:24,120</time>
<s>很多都是可以食用的</s>
<time>61_00:03:24,840 --> 00:03:28,440</time>
<s>有的好吃有的不好吃有些根本不能吃</s>
<time>62_00:03:30,240 --> 00:03:32,040</time>
<s>这是我最喜欢的蘑菇之一</s>
<time>63_00:03:33,120 --> 00:03:34,920</time>
<s>它叫炫蓝小菇</s>
<time>64_00:03:36,000 --> 00:03:38,160</time>
<s>通常会在四五月份出现</s>
<time>65_00:03:38,520 --> 00:03:40,320</time>
<s>在澳大利亚南部的很多森林的落木上</s>
<time>66_00:03:41,760 --> 00:03:42,480</time>
<s>漂亮吧</s>
<time>67_00:03:44,640 --> 00:03:45,360</time>
<s>所有这些种类</s>
<time>68_00:03:45,720 --> 00:03:47,880</time>
<s>都是人们一般想到蘑菇的时候会想到的</s>
<time>69_00:03:48,240 --> 00:03:51,840</time>
<s>它们都有一个菌柄一个菌盖还有菌褶</s>
<time>70_00:03:52,920 --> 00:03:56,880</time>
<s>但之后我发现的一些蘑菇一点也不像蘑菇</s>
<time>71_00:03:57,600 --> 00:03:57,960</time>
<s>于是我意识到</s>
<time>72_00:03:58,320 --> 00:04:01,560</time>
<s>自己对于“什么是蘑菇”的认识太狭隘了</s>
<time>73_00:04:02,280 --> 00:04:05,880</time>
<s>比如这种橘色的真菌是一种枝瑚菌属</s>
<time>74_00:04:06,960 --> 00:04:09,480</time>
<s>它们有各种让人眼花缭乱的颜色</s>
<time>75_00:04:10,560 --> 00:04:12,720</time>
<s>看上去像不像海底的珊瑚</s>
<time>76_00:04:13,800 --> 00:04:16,320</time>
<s>它成功吸引了我这个摄影师</s>
<time>77_00:04:17,400 --> 00:04:20,640</time>
<s>这是我开始看到的众多多孔菌之一</s>
<time>78_00:04:21,360 --> 00:04:22,440</time>
<s>云芝栓孔菌</s>
<time>79_00:04:23,160 --> 00:04:25,320</time>
<s>这种真菌会存活很长时间</s>
<time>80_00:04:25,680 --> 00:04:29,280</time>
<s>它们分解倒下的巨大原木和树桩</s>
<time>81_00:04:30,360 --> 00:04:32,880</time>
<s>所以即便是其他蘑菇都不在了它们也会生长</s>
<time>82_00:04:33,960 --> 00:04:37,200</time>
<s>这是叶状耳盘菌</s>
<time>83_00:04:37,560 --> 00:04:40,800</time>
<s>是一种子囊菌俗称杯状菌</s>
<time>84_00:04:41,520 --> 00:04:45,120</time>
<s>我从来都不知道真菌还有这么美的黑色</s>
<time>85_00:04:45,840 --> 00:04:51,600</time>
<s>顺便说一句我听说这种菌类毒性极强</s>
<time>86_00:04:52,680 --> 00:04:54,840</time>
<s>所以干万不要被它漂亮的外表欺骗了</s>
<time>87_00:04:55,920 --> 00:04:57,720</time>
<s>很多中国人都知道这种菌</s>
<time>88_00:04:58,440 --> 00:05:00,960</time>
<s>它叫珊瑚状猴头菌</s>
<time>89_00:05:01,680 --> 00:05:03,480</time>
<s>我们知道这是一种珊瑚齿菌</s>
<time>90_00:05:04,560 --> 00:05:06,000</time>
<s>我们在云南的森林里看见了这种菌类</s>
<time>91_00:05:06,720 --> 00:05:08,520</time>
<s>当地人告诉我们它是一种可食用的蘑菇</s>
<time>92_00:05:19,680 --> 00:05:23,280</time>
<s>随着我开始发现这些种类繁多的真菌</s>
<time>93_00:05:23,640 --> 00:05:25,440</time>
<s>就像是打开了新世界的大门</s>
<time>94_00:05:26,520 --> 00:05:30,120</time>
<s>我意识到蘑菇不仅仅是五颜六色而已</s>
<time>95_00:05:32,280 --> 00:05:34,080</time>
<s>以摄影开启的旅程</s>
<time>96_00:05:34,440 --> 00:05:35,160</time>
<s>后来变成了</s>
<time>97_00:05:35,520 --> 00:05:39,120</time>
<s>通过摄影这种工具探索菌类学的旅程</s>
<time>98_00:05:40,200 --> 00:05:41,640</time>
<s>我第一个大的发现就是</s>
<time>99_00:05:42,000 --> 00:05:44,160</time>
<s>真菌并不是植物也不是动物</s>
<time>100_00:05:44,880 --> 00:05:47,040</time>
<s>而是一个完整且独立的生命王国</s>
<time>101_00:05:48,120 --> 00:05:48,480</time>
<s>科学家认为</s>
<time>102_00:05:48,840 --> 00:05:53,160</time>
<s>我们这个星球上可能存在四五百万种菌类</s>
<time>103_00:05:53,880 --> 00:05:57,840</time>
<s>但迄今为止我们仅记录了其中的20万种左右</s>
<time>104_00:05:58,920 --> 00:06:00,360</time>
<s>所以还有很多东西需要去了解</s>
<time>105_00:06:01,800 --> 00:06:04,320</time>
<s>我拍的照片一般都是蘑菇</s>
<time>106_00:06:04,680 --> 00:06:09,000</time>
<s>大型真菌的子实体就好像树上的苹果一样</s>
<time>107_00:06:10,080 --> 00:06:11,880</time>
<s>有些是腐生生物</s>
<time>108_00:06:13,320 --> 00:06:15,120</time>
<s>这些都是森林的回收者</s>
<time>109_00:06:16,200 --> 00:06:18,720</time>
<s>真菌的主体菌丝体</s>
<time>110_00:06:19,080 --> 00:06:21,600</time>
<s>由大量的分枝或线状菌丝组成</s>
<time>111_00:06:22,320 --> 00:06:25,200</time>
<s>在枯木树叶或者士壤中生长</s>
<time>112_00:06:25,920 --> 00:06:27,360</time>
<s>分解死去的植被</s>
<time>113_00:06:28,800 --> 00:06:29,880</time>
<s>没有这些腐生生物</s>
<time>114_00:06:30,240 --> 00:06:32,760</time>
<s>森林中倒下的枯树就会层层堆起</s>
<time>115_00:06:33,480 --> 00:06:37,080</time>
<s>就像3亿年前后的石炭纪一样</s>
<time>116_00:06:37,800 --> 00:06:41,400</time>
<s>枯死的树经年累月被压成了煤层</s>
<time>117_00:06:42,840 --> 00:06:46,080</time>
<s>石炭纪结束的时间是真菌进化到</s>
<time>118_00:06:46,440 --> 00:06:47,880</time>
<s>可以分解树木中的木质素</s>
<time>119_00:06:48,600 --> 00:06:49,320</time>
<s>接着再分解树木自身的时候</s>
<time>120_00:06:50,400 --> 00:06:54,360</time>
<s>真菌将所有养分回收至士壤滋养树木</s>
<time>121_00:06:55,800 --> 00:06:57,960</time>
<s>我在森林里拍的另一类蘑菇</s>
<time>122_00:06:58,320 --> 00:07:00,480</time>
<s>就是外生菌根真菌</s>
<time>123_00:07:01,200 --> 00:07:03,720</time>
<s>这些真菌和树木之间是共生关系</s>
<time>124_00:07:04,800 --> 00:07:09,120</time>
<s>它们为树提供土壤里的水矿物质和营养物</s>
<time>125_00:07:09,840 --> 00:07:12,000</time>
<s>树又为真菌供给碳水化合物</s>
<time>126_00:07:13,080 --> 00:07:15,240</time>
<s>你或许对“木维网”有所耳闻</s>
<time>127_00:07:15,960 --> 00:07:17,400</time>
<s>就是菌丝体通过庞大的网络</s>
<time>128_00:07:17,760 --> 00:07:20,280</time>
<s>将森林中的所有树木连接起来</s>
<time>129_00:07:21,000 --> 00:07:21,720</time>
<s>在某种程度上</s>
<time>130_00:07:22,440 --> 00:07:24,600</time>
<s>这些树可以通过这个网络相互交流</s>
<time>131_00:07:25,320 --> 00:07:27,480</time>
<s>也许是提醒对方病虫害的威胁</s>
<time>132_00:07:27,840 --> 00:07:29,640</time>
<s>或者是在森林中互相扶持滋养生长</s>
<time>133_00:07:30,720 --> 00:07:32,880</time>
<s>科学家刚刚开始发现</s>
<time>134_00:07:33,240 --> 00:07:34,680</time>
<s>树木是怎样利用这一网络的</s>
<time>135_00:07:35,760 --> 00:07:36,840</time>
<s>但我们知道的是</s>
<time>136_00:07:37,560 --> 00:07:39,720</time>
<s>通过这个真菌网络连接起来的森林里的树</s>
<time>137_00:07:40,440 --> 00:07:44,760</time>
<s>比森林外面那些独自生长的树更容易存活</s>
<time>138_00:07:46,200 --> 00:07:49,440</time>
<s>另一种我一直在森林里记录的很酷的真菌</s>
<time>139_00:07:49,800 --> 00:07:51,240</time>
<s>就是寄生性真菌</s>
<time>140_00:07:51,960 --> 00:07:55,560</time>
<s>有些寄生在树上的真菌可能真的会把树杀死</s>
<time>141_00:07:55,920 --> 00:07:56,640</time>
<s>Jetsh</s>
<time>142_00:07:57,000 --> 00:07:58,800</time>
<s>有些是寄生在昆虫身上的</s>
<time>143_00:07:59,520 --> 00:08:01,680</time>
<s>这些通常被称为冬虫夏草</s>
<time>144_00:08:02,400 --> 00:08:05,640</time>
<s>我们大量的冬虫夏草主要是在亚洲</s>
<time>145_00:08:06,360 --> 00:08:08,160</time>
<s>尤其在中国的云南</s>
<time>146_00:08:08,880 --> 00:08:10,680</time>
<s>我们总能因为冬虫夏草兴奋不已</s>
<time>147_00:08:11,040 --> 00:08:12,840</time>
<s>因为它们实在太难找到了</s>
<time>148_00:08:13,560 --> 00:08:15,720</time>
<s>你会看见地面上长出了子实体</s>
<time>149_00:08:16,080 --> 00:08:17,520</time>
<s>可能是一个小小的橘色的子座</s>
<time>150_00:08:18,240 --> 00:08:20,400</time>
<s>然后你就会啊哈一声冬虫夏草</s>
<time>151_00:08:29,400 --> 00:08:31,200</time>
<s>这是我在菌物王国中探索时</s>
<time>152_00:08:31,560 --> 00:08:33,720</time>
<s>最有趣的过程之一</s>
<time>153_00:08:34,800 --> 00:08:35,520</time>
<s>这是一种黏菌</s>
<time>154_00:08:36,600 --> 00:08:38,400</time>
<s>黏菌这种东西太迷人了</s>
<time>155_00:08:39,120 --> 00:08:40,560</time>
<s>黏菌的原生质体和症原虫</s>
<time>156_00:08:40,920 --> 00:08:42,000</time>
<s>和阿米巴变形虫的行为更加相似</s>
<time>157_00:08:42,360 --> 00:08:43,800</time>
<s>和其他生命形态相比</s>
<time>158_00:08:44,880 --> 00:08:45,960</time>
<s>它有着形形色色的名字</s>
<time>159_00:08:46,320 --> 00:08:48,480</time>
<s>比如狗的呕吐物狼的乳汁</s>
<time>160_00:08:49,560 --> 00:08:51,000</time>
<s>但因为它看上去像真菌</s>
<time>161_00:08:51,360 --> 00:08:53,160</time>
<s>所以往往会被误认为是真菌</s>
<time>162_00:08:54,600 --> 00:08:56,040</time>
<s>接下来讲讲地衣</s>
<time>163_00:08:56,400 --> 00:08:57,120</time>
<s>据统计</s>
<time>164_00:08:57,480 --> 00:09:01,080</time>
<s>地球的陆地表面有6%都覆盖着地衣</s>
<time>165_00:09:02,160 --> 00:09:02,880</time>
<s>很神奇吧</s>
<time>166_00:09:03,960 --> 00:09:06,120</time>
<s>很多人都以为地衣是一种植物</s>
<time>167_00:09:07,200 --> 00:09:11,880</time>
<s>但实际上它们是一种藻类或蓝藻</s>
<time>168_00:09:12,600 --> 00:09:16,200</time>
<s>与两三种甚至三四种真菌共生的产物</s>
<time>169_00:09:17,280 --> 00:09:21,240</time>
<s>藻类通过光合作用为真菌提供碳水化合物</s>
<time>170_00:09:22,320 --> 00:09:25,200</time>
<s>真菌的作用则是提供地衣的结构体</s>
<time>171_00:09:26,280 --> 00:09:27,720</time>
<s>每一种地衣都需要它的藻类</s>
<time>172_00:09:28,080 --> 00:09:30,600</time>
<s>和所有种类的真菌才能存活</s>
<time>173_00:09:32,040 --> 00:09:33,840</time>
<s>和地衣有关的事情都很复杂</s>
<time>174_00:09:34,560 --> 00:09:36,720</time>
<s>所以我只能坚持不懈地拍下它们的美</s>
<time>175_00:09:37,440 --> 00:09:39,960</time>
<s>把科学的部分留给更专业的人</s>
<time>176_00:09:41,400 --> 00:09:45,000</time>
<s>真菌王国里随处可见这样的酷炫科学</s>
<time>177_00:09:46,440 --> 00:09:47,880</time>
<s>看看这个鸟巢菌</s>
<time>178_00:09:48,600 --> 00:09:51,480</time>
<s>我经常发现它们长在我家花园的护盖物上</s>
<time>179_00:09:51,840 --> 00:09:53,640</time>
<s>所以它们是无根的长在木头上</s>
<time>180_00:09:54,720 --> 00:09:56,880</time>
<s>这种蘑菇的有趣之处在于</s>
<time>181_00:09:57,240 --> 00:09:59,040</time>
<s>它们传播孢子的方式</s>
<time>182_00:10:00,120 --> 00:10:03,000</time>
<s>你能看到在这些“巢”里面有一个个小小的“蛋"席</s>
<time>183_00:10:04,440 --> 00:10:06,240</time>
<s>每一颗蛋实际上都是孢子包（小包）</s>
<time>184_00:10:07,320 --> 00:10:09,480</time>
<s>而巢则类似于泼水桶（包被）</s>
<time>185_00:10:10,560 --> 00:10:11,280</time>
<s>因此每当下雨的时候</s>
<time>186_00:10:12,000 --> 00:10:13,440</time>
<s>雨滴会击中这个泼水桶</s>
<time>187_00:10:14,160 --> 00:10:17,040</time>
<s>将孢子包从巢中溅出来</s>
<time>188_00:10:17,760 --> 00:10:21,360</time>
<s>有时候孢子最远会被弹出三米开外</s>
<time>189_00:10:22,800 --> 00:10:25,680</time>
<s>通常孢子包上会附着一条细线</s>
<time>190_00:10:27,120 --> 00:10:28,560</time>
<s>当它撞到灌木或低矮的植被时</s>
<time>191_00:10:28,920 --> 00:10:31,080</time>
<s>那条线会缠绕在树枝或叶子上</s>
<time>192_00:10:31,800 --> 00:10:33,960</time>
<s>将孢子包固定在地面上</s>
<time>193_00:10:35,040 --> 00:10:37,200</time>
<s>那么当它打开并释放孢子的时候</s>
<time>194_00:10:37,560 --> 00:10:40,800</time>
<s>孢子就有更多的机会可以在风中散播</s>
<time>195_00:10:41,880 --> 00:10:44,760</time>
<s>这是一种非常成功的繁殖方式</s>
<time>196_00:10:46,200 --> 00:10:48,720</time>
<s>我听说有的蘑菇会在黑暗中发光</s>
<time>197_00:10:49,080 --> 00:10:50,520</time>
<s>特别是在热带地区</s>
<time>198_00:10:54,480 --> 00:10:57,000</time>
<s>所以在一个下着雨没有月亮的夏夜</s>
<time>199_00:10:57,360 --> 00:11:00,240</time>
<s>我决定去我家后院看看能不能找到这种蘑菇</s>
<time>200_00:11:01,320 --> 00:11:03,120</time>
<s>我在我家后院发现过许多菌类</s>
<time>201_00:11:04,200 --> 00:11:06,000</time>
<s>我关上了屋子的灯</s>
<time>202_00:11:06,360 --> 00:11:09,240</time>
<s>走进小溪边的树丛中</s>
<time>203_00:11:09,960 --> 00:11:11,040</time>
<s>然后关掉了我手中的手电筒</s>
<time>204_00:11:12,120 --> 00:11:13,920</time>
<s>我本来准备等上几分钟</s>
<time>205_00:11:14,280 --> 00:11:16,080</time>
<s>等眼睛能适应周围的黑暗</s>
<time>206_00:11:17,160 --> 00:11:19,680</time>
<s>因为我之前见过的唯一发光的菌类</s>
<time>207_00:11:20,040 --> 00:11:21,120</time>
<s>发出的光是很弱的</s>
<time>208_00:11:22,560 --> 00:11:25,080</time>
<s>但我一关掉手电筒它们就出现了</s>
<time>209_00:11:26,160 --> 00:11:28,320</time>
<s>灌木丛中间闪着一颗颗小小的亮光</s>
<time>210_00:11:29,400 --> 00:11:29,760</time>
<s>我走过去</s>
<time>211_00:11:30,120 --> 00:11:35,160</time>
<s>发现这些美丽的小蘑菇现出柔和的绿光</s>
<time>212_00:11:36,240 --> 00:11:37,320</time>
<s>这实在是太神奇了</s>
<time>213_00:11:38,400 --> 00:11:41,280</time>
<s>那晚我花了好几个小时快乐地流连其间</s>
<time>214_00:11:42,000 --> 00:11:45,240</time>
<s>并拍摄了这些美丽的蘑菇荧光小菇</s>
<time>215_00:11:46,320 --> 00:11:47,400</time>
<s>有时候这些蘑菇太亮了</s>
<time>216_00:11:47,760 --> 00:11:50,280</time>
<s>只要拿上一根长满这种蘑菇的树枝</s>
<time>217_00:11:51,000 --> 00:11:53,160</time>
<s>我就能在黑暗的森林小径中找到路</s>
<time>218_00:11:54,240 --> 00:11:56,760</time>
<s>找到这些为分享真菌的故事</s>
<time>219_00:11:57,120 --> 00:11:58,560</time>
<s>打开了不可思议的大门</s>
<time>220_00:12:00,000 --> 00:12:02,160</time>
<s>它们是我第一次用延时摄影拍摄的蘑菇</s>
<time>221_00:12:03,600 --> 00:12:04,320</time>
<s>出乎我意料的是</s>
<time>222_00:12:04,680 --> 00:12:06,120</time>
<s>我的妻子支持我的想法</s>
<time>223_00:12:06,480 --> 00:12:09,720</time>
<s>用腐烂的原木填充我们空出来的淋浴间</s>
<time>224_00:12:10,440 --> 00:12:11,520</time>
<s>封上窗户</s>
<time>225_00:12:12,240 --> 00:12:14,400</time>
<s>把那里变成一个延时摄影棚</s>
<time>226_00:12:15,480 --> 00:12:16,920</time>
<s>那个时候Catherine还是影片的制作人</s>
<time>227_00:12:34,920 --> 00:12:37,080</time>
<s>结果超出了我们的预期</s>
<time>228_00:12:37,440 --> 00:12:39,600</time>
<s>我的延时摄影变得越来越有野心</s>
<time>229_00:12:40,320 --> 00:12:41,760</time>
<s>我成立了两个工作室</s>
<time>230_00:12:42,480 --> 00:12:45,360</time>
<s>一个在棚屋里一个在船运集装箱</s>
<time>231_00:12:46,800 --> 00:12:49,320</time>
<s>BBC在看到我创作的影片之后</s>
<time>232_00:12:49,680 --> 00:12:50,760</time>
<s>他们爱上了它们</s>
<time>233_00:12:51,480 --> 00:12:53,280</time>
<s>在《地球脉动第二季》中这些延时摄影作品</s>
<time>234_00:12:53,640 --> 00:12:54,720</time>
<s>和DavidAttenborough一起出现</s>
<time>235_00:12:55,440 --> 00:13:00,480</time>
<s>被BBC评为《地球脉动》系列纪录片的前十</s>
<time>236_00:14:00,960 --> 00:14:03,480</time>
<s>从那时起荧光小菇的延时摄影</s>
<time>237_00:14:03,840 --> 00:14:05,640</time>
<s>和许多其他种类的森林真菌</s>
<time>238_00:14:06,360 --> 00:14:10,680</time>
<s>被收进了十部国内外的自然历史纪录片中</s>
<time>239_00:14:12,120 --> 00:14:16,800</time>
<s>墨尔本皇家植物园的真菌学家TomMay</s>
<time>240_00:14:17,520 --> 00:14:19,320</time>
<s>对我们的工作给予了极大的支持</s>
<time>241_00:14:20,400 --> 00:14:21,840</time>
<s>他说这些延时摄影作品</s>
<time>242_00:14:22,200 --> 00:14:25,080</time>
<s>让真菌像猛犸象一样活了起来</s>
<time>243_00:14:25,800 --> 00:14:29,040</time>
<s>这让普通人和科学家第一次</s>
<time>244_00:14:29,760 --> 00:14:31,560</time>
<s>看到了他们前所未见的东西</s>
<time>245_00:14:45,600 --> 00:14:48,120</time>
<s>澳大利亚的真菌学家屈指可数</s>
<time>246_00:14:48,840 --> 00:14:49,920</time>
<s>他们面临的一大挑战就是</s>
<time>247_00:14:50,280 --> 00:14:53,160</time>
<s>正好赶上蘑菇长出来的时候去到森林中</s>
<time>248_00:14:53,520 --> 00:14:57,480</time>
<s>于是真菌学家们对我的摄影和延时摄影</s>
<time>249_00:14:58,200 --> 00:15:00,360</time>
<s>能向他们展示怎样的真菌产生了浓厚的兴趣</s>
<time>250_00:15:01,800 --> 00:15:03,960</time>
<s>而我的角色也从单纯的真菌摄影师</s>
<time>251_00:15:04,320 --> 00:15:09,360</time>
<s>转变成了自然学家和科学家们的合作者</s>
<time>252_00:15:10,800 --> 00:15:12,960</time>
<s>就像19世纪的自然学家一样</s>
<time>253_00:15:14,040 --> 00:15:17,280</time>
<s>我有设备有对自然界的热情</s>
<time>254_00:15:18,000 --> 00:15:20,520</time>
<s>也有时间和机会去探索</s>
<time>255_00:15:21,600 --> 00:15:25,200</time>
<s>我开始有了兴趣不仅要捕捉蘑菇的美</s>
<time>256_00:15:25,920 --> 00:15:30,240</time>
<s>还要科学准确地捕捉蘑菇的形态和结构</s>
<time>257_00:15:30,960 --> 00:15:33,480</time>
<s>与菌类学家的研究相得益彰</s>
<time>258_00:15:45,720 --> 00:15:49,320</time>
<s>我们发现的一些蘑菇实在太过与众不同</s>
<time>259_00:15:49,680 --> 00:15:52,560</time>
<s>毫无疑问我们发现了新的物种</s>
<time>260_00:15:53,640 --> 00:15:54,720</time>
<s>这个蓝蘑菇就是</s>
<time>261_00:15:55,800 --> 00:15:57,960</time>
<s>我第一次发现它是在十年前</s>
<time>262_00:15:59,040 --> 00:16:00,120</time>
<s>在离我家非常近的地方</s>
<time>263_00:16:00,480 --> 00:16:01,560</time>
<s>实际上就在这片森林</s>
<time>264_00:16:02,640 --> 00:16:05,520</time>
<s>一开始我不太确定那是蘑菇</s>
<time>265_00:16:06,240 --> 00:16:09,120</time>
<s>还以为是地上的一张蓝色糖纸</s>
<time>266_00:16:09,480 --> 00:16:10,920</time>
<s>它真的好蓝好蓝啊</s>
<time>267_00:16:12,360 --> 00:16:14,520</time>
<s>我把样本寄给了TomMay博士</s>
<time>268_00:16:14,880 --> 00:16:17,040</time>
<s>他认定这是一个新的物种</s>
<time>269_00:16:18,120 --> 00:16:21,360</time>
<s>与新喀里多尼亚首次记录的标本相似</s>
<time>270_00:16:22,800 --> 00:16:24,240</time>
<s>10年后的今天</s>
<time>271_00:16:24,600 --> 00:16:27,480</time>
<s>新喀里多尼亚原来的单一物种</s>
<time>272_00:16:28,560 --> 00:16:30,360</time>
<s>现在已经分出了3个物种</s>
<time>273_00:16:31,080 --> 00:16:31,440</time>
<s>它们看起来很相似</s>
<time>274_00:16:31,800 --> 00:16:34,680</time>
<s>但彼此之间甚至没有什么密切的关联</s>
<time>275_00:16:35,760 --> 00:16:39,000</time>
<s>而且这个蓝蘑菇至今还没有被命名</s>
<time>276_00:16:40,440 --> 00:16:42,240</time>
<s>我觉得这种蘑菇太迷人了</s>
<time>277_00:16:42,600 --> 00:16:43,680</time>
<s>TomMay博士把它叫做</s>
<time>278_00:16:44,040 --> 00:16:46,200</time>
<s>"澳大利亚最美的蘑菇”</s>
<time>279_00:16:50,880 --> 00:16:52,680</time>
<s>我一直在尝试想为它拍一个延时镜头</s>
<time>280_00:16:53,760 --> 00:16:55,560</time>
<s>有时候真的拍成了</s>
<time>281_00:17:31,560 --> 00:17:33,360</time>
<s>像这样的科学合作</s>
<time>282_00:17:34,080 --> 00:17:38,040</time>
<s>是真菌改变我看世界的下一个重要阶段</s>
<time>283_00:17:39,480 --> 00:17:43,800</time>
<s>2014年我收到PeterMortimer博士的邮件</s>
<time>284_00:17:44,520 --> 00:17:49,920</time>
<s>他是中国科学院昆明植物研究所的教授</s>
<time>285_00:17:51,360 --> 00:17:55,680</time>
<s>Peter和系主任徐建初教授</s>
<time>286_00:17:56,400 --> 00:17:57,840</time>
<s>带领了一队真菌学家</s>
<time>287_00:17:58,560 --> 00:18:01,440</time>
<s>他们在做的真菌研究非常激动人心</s>
<time>288_00:18:02,520 --> 00:18:03,960</time>
<s>Peter的父亲在南非</s>
<time>289_00:18:04,680 --> 00:18:06,480</time>
<s>他看见我在网上发的照片之后</s>
<time>290_00:18:07,200 --> 00:18:09,000</time>
<s>提议Peter联系我</s>
<time>291_00:18:09,720 --> 00:18:13,680</time>
<s>第一次通邮件的成果最终促成了四次云南之旅</s>
<time>292_00:18:14,400 --> 00:18:18,000</time>
<s>拍摄并记录了偏远的亚热带森林中的真菌</s>
<time>293_00:18:19,080 --> 00:18:20,160</time>
<s>正是在这一次次实地考察中</s>
<time>294_00:18:20,520 --> 00:18:23,760</time>
<s>我意识到可食用的真菌种类是多么丰富</s>
<time>295_00:18:24,840 --> 00:18:28,080</time>
<s>在澳大利亚我们是所谓的“真菌恐惧症”社会</s>
<time>296_00:18:29,160 --> 00:18:33,120</time>
<s>在我们的超市里只卖大约五种蘑菇</s>
<time>297_00:18:33,480 --> 00:18:34,200</time>
<s>而且它们看上去相当无聊</s>
<time>298_00:18:35,640 --> 00:18:37,800</time>
<s>人们普遍不太敢吃森林里的菌类</s>
<time>299_00:18:38,880 --> 00:18:40,320</time>
<s>因为我们不知道哪些蘑菇有毒</s>
<time>300_00:18:41,040 --> 00:18:41,760</time>
<s>哪些蘑菇可食用</s>
<time>301_00:18:42,840 --> 00:18:43,560</time>
<s>但是在云南</s>
<time>302_00:18:43,920 --> 00:18:47,880</time>
<s>我们发现人们食用的菌类多达900余种</s>
<time>303_00:18:48,960 --> 00:18:50,760</time>
<s>绝对是一个“视菇如命”的社会了</s>
<time>304_00:18:52,200 --> 00:18:53,640</time>
<s>我必须坦白地说</s>
<time>305_00:18:54,360 --> 00:18:56,160</time>
<s>在家的时候我不太爱吃蘑菇</s>
<time>306_00:18:56,880 --> 00:19:00,480</time>
<s>但在云南人们把美味的蘑菇介绍给我们</s>
<time>307_00:19:00,840 --> 00:19:04,080</time>
<s>当地村民还分享了哪些蘑菇能吃</s>
<time>308_00:19:04,440 --> 00:19:05,520</time>
<s>如何烹饪的知识</s>
<time>309_00:19:09,840 --> 00:19:12,720</time>
<s>这就是牛肝菌可以食用</s>
<time>310_00:19:13,080 --> 00:19:14,160</time>
<s>你会吃这种牛肝菌吗</s>
<time>311_00:19:15,960 --> 00:19:17,040</time>
<s>这个特别好</s>
<time>312_00:19:17,400 --> 00:19:17,760</time>
<s>这是一种典型的可食用的美味牛肝菌</s>
<time>313_00:19:18,480 --> 00:19:18,840</time>
<s>这是一种典型的可食用的美味牛肝菌席人文·科技·自日梦</s>
<time>314_00:19:19,200 --> 00:19:25,320</time>
<s>这是一种典型的可食用的美味牛肝菌</s>
<time>315_00:19:26,400 --> 00:19:28,200</time>
<s>这是你们最想找的一种蘑菇</s>
<time>316_00:19:29,280 --> 00:19:30,360</time>
<s>我们还发现在中国</s>
<time>317_00:19:31,080 --> 00:19:33,960</time>
<s>蘑菇可是一门大生意</s>
<time>318_00:19:37,200 --> 00:19:38,640</time>
<s>在中国的森林里</s>
<time>319_00:19:39,000 --> 00:19:42,240</time>
<s>我们开始了解树木动物</s>
<time>320_00:19:42,600 --> 00:19:45,840</time>
<s>和真菌是如何相互依存的</s>
<time>321_00:19:47,280 --> 00:19:49,800</time>
<s>于是我对世界的看法再一次发生了变化</s>
<time>322_00:19:50,880 --> 00:19:52,320</time>
<s>森林于是开始有了它自己的意义</s>
<time>323_00:19:53,040 --> 00:19:54,480</time>
<s>并不仅仅只是一大堆树而已</s>
<time>324_00:19:55,560 --> 00:19:57,000</time>
<s>即便是林下结构相对简单的森林</s>
<time>325_00:19:57,360 --> 00:20:00,240</time>
<s>可能也有成千上万种生物</s>
<time>326_00:20:00,960 --> 00:20:02,040</time>
<s>所有生物都相互依存</s>
<time>327_00:20:02,400 --> 00:20:05,280</time>
<s>所有生物都共同构成了我们所说的“森林”</s>
<time>328_00:20:06,360 --> 00:20:07,800</time>
<s>从病毒到细菌</s>
<time>329_00:20:08,520 --> 00:20:10,320</time>
<s>再到真菌植物和动物</s>
<time>330_00:20:11,040 --> 00:20:11,760</time>
<s>所有这一切</s>
<time>331_00:20:12,120 --> 00:20:14,280</time>
<s>都是巨大而复杂的生命网络中的一份子</s>
<time>332_00:20:15,000 --> 00:20:18,600</time>
<s>而真菌在这个生态系统中确实非常重要</s>
<time>333_00:20:19,320 --> 00:20:21,480</time>
<s>但我们对它们仍所知甚少</s>
<time>334_00:20:22,920 --> 00:20:24,000</time>
<s>在中国的实地考察中</s>
<time>335_00:20:24,360 --> 00:20:28,680</time>
<s>我们记录的物种有七分之一是新发现的物种</s>
<time>336_00:20:29,760 --> 00:20:33,000</time>
<s>就算是那些已知的物种也足够让人着迷了</s>
<time>337_00:20:34,440 --> 00:20:36,600</time>
<s>这里有几种我觉得特别令人激动的</s>
<time>338_00:20:38,400 --> 00:20:40,560</time>
<s>这种蘑菇叫鸡枞</s>
<time>339_00:20:40,920 --> 00:20:43,080</time>
<s>我在云南第一次拍了它们</s>
<time>340_00:20:44,160 --> 00:20:45,960</time>
<s>它们有相当坚硬的菌盖</s>
<time>341_00:20:46,320 --> 00:20:50,280</time>
<s>使它们能够从地表以下一米的地方穿透地面</s>
<time>342_00:20:51,360 --> 00:20:54,600</time>
<s>它们还和白蚁互惠共生</s>
<time>343_00:20:55,680 --> 00:20:58,200</time>
<s>这表示这两个物种都无法离开对方而生存</s>
<time>344_00:20:59,640 --> 00:21:01,800</time>
<s>白蚁搜集草木</s>
<time>345_00:21:02,160 --> 00:21:03,240</time>
<s>然后把它们带回地下的蚁穴</s>
<time>346_00:21:03,960 --> 00:21:05,400</time>
<s>在那里为真菌提供养料</s>
<time>347_00:21:06,480 --> 00:21:08,280</time>
<s>之后它们会吃掉一部分真菌</s>
<time>348_00:21:09,000 --> 00:21:10,440</time>
<s>这些菌类最终会结出子实体</s>
<time>349_00:21:11,160 --> 00:21:12,960</time>
<s>把它们的蘑菇推到地面以上</s>
<time>350_00:21:13,680 --> 00:21:16,200</time>
<s>鸡枞对我来说是个意外之喜</s>
<time>351_00:21:16,920 --> 00:21:18,720</time>
<s>因为在澳大利亚我们有好多好多白蚁</s>
<time>352_00:21:19,440 --> 00:21:20,520</time>
<s>却没有鸡枞</s>
<time>353_00:21:21,600 --> 00:21:23,400</time>
<s>然而这种真菌的许多种</s>
<time>354_00:21:23,760 --> 00:21:25,920</time>
<s>在整个亚洲热带地区和非洲都能找到</s>
<time>355_00:21:27,000 --> 00:21:28,440</time>
<s>这种真菌的其中一个种</s>
<time>356_00:21:28,800 --> 00:21:31,320</time>
<s>产出的蘑菇最多有1米宽</s>
<time>357_00:21:33,120 --> 00:21:36,000</time>
<s>许多鸡枞都被视作美味的食用菌类</s>
<time>358_00:21:36,720 --> 00:21:38,880</time>
<s>我们经常在这一地区的市场中看见它们</s>
<time>359_00:21:39,960 --> 00:21:40,680</time>
<s>我们当然很喜欢它们了</s>
<time>360_00:21:42,120 --> 00:21:45,720</time>
<s>这种小小的紫蘑菇叫做紫蜡蘑</s>
<time>361_00:21:46,080 --> 00:21:48,600</time>
<s>和松树是共生关系</s>
<time>362_00:21:49,320 --> 00:21:53,280</time>
<s>云南的村民们特别稀罕这种挺值得吃的蘑菇</s>
<time>363_00:21:54,000 --> 00:21:55,440</time>
<s>它放在什么菜里都好看</s>
<time>364_00:21:56,520 --> 00:21:58,680</time>
<s>我就喜欢它这么漂亮的颜色</s>
<time>365_00:22:01,200 --> 00:22:04,800</time>
<s>世界上毒性最强的蘑菇当属鹅膏菌属</s>
<time>366_00:22:05,520 --> 00:22:06,600</time>
<s>伞形毒蕈</s>
<time>367_00:22:07,320 --> 00:22:09,120</time>
<s>俗称死亡帽</s>
<time>368_00:22:10,200 --> 00:22:11,640</time>
<s>它们生长在橡树下</s>
<time>369_00:22:12,000 --> 00:22:16,680</time>
<s>每年世界上都有人因为吃这种蘑菇丧命</s>
<time>370_00:22:17,400 --> 00:22:20,640</time>
<s>例如我们在缅甸记录的这种鹅膏菌</s>
<time>371_00:22:21,360 --> 00:22:23,880</time>
<s>我们认为它就是伞形毒蕈属</s>
<time>372_00:22:24,600 --> 00:22:27,480</time>
<s>它可能是一些食用蘑菇致死案例的罪魁祸首</s>
<time>373_00:22:28,200 --> 00:22:31,800</time>
<s>与我们合作的真菌学家还有当地的村干部</s>
<time>374_00:22:32,160 --> 00:22:35,760</time>
<s>都很想记录下这种蘑菇好提醒人们不要食用它</s>
<time>375_00:22:36,840 --> 00:22:39,360</time>
<s>但这种鹅膏菌很像</s>
<time>376_00:22:40,080 --> 00:22:42,240</time>
<s>尼泊尔人说的可食用菌类</s>
<time>377_00:22:43,320 --> 00:22:45,480</time>
<s>它们之间看上去没有多大差别不是吗</s>
<time>378_00:22:46,920 --> 00:22:48,000</time>
<s>为了让你们知道</s>
<time>379_00:22:48,360 --> 00:22:50,520</time>
<s>吃了这种伞形毒蕈之后会发生什么</s>
<time>380_00:22:51,960 --> 00:22:54,120</time>
<s>据说这种蘑菇味道相当不错</s>
<time>381_00:22:54,840 --> 00:22:56,640</time>
<s>但我恐怕真的是验证不了了</s>
<time>382_00:22:58,080 --> 00:23:00,960</time>
<s>首先出现的症状是你会在第二天感到有点恶心</s>
<time>383_00:23:01,680 --> 00:23:04,560</time>
<s>三四天之后你太难受了</s>
<time>384_00:23:04,920 --> 00:23:06,720</time>
<s>知道自己必须去看医生了</s>
<time>385_00:23:07,800 --> 00:23:09,960</time>
<s>可到那时候往往就已经太晚了</s>
<time>386_00:23:11,040 --> 00:23:14,280</time>
<s>伞形毒蕈内含可以毁掉我们肝脏的毒素</s>
<time>387_00:23:15,000 --> 00:23:17,880</time>
<s>慢慢地我们会在几周之内死掉</s>
<time>388_00:23:18,960 --> 00:23:21,480</time>
<s>这种蘑菇我们必须得避开</s>
<time>389_00:23:22,920 --> 00:23:23,640</time>
<s>所以毫无疑问</s>
<time>390_00:23:24,000 --> 00:23:25,440</time>
<s>摄影对教育大众起的作用非常重要</s>
<time>391_00:23:25,800 --> 00:23:27,960</time>
<s>告诉他们这些蘑菇的信息</s>
<time>392_00:23:28,680 --> 00:23:30,120</time>
<s>还有哪些是毒蘑菇</s>
<time>393_00:23:31,560 --> 00:23:34,800</time>
<s>正如告诉人们去了解哪些蘑菇可以吃一样</s>
<time>394_00:23:35,880 --> 00:23:37,680</time>
<s>和中国合作之后</s>
<time>395_00:23:38,040 --> 00:23:41,280</time>
<s>我们又和尼泊尔缅甸印度开展了类似的合作</s>
<time>396_00:23:42,360 --> 00:23:44,520</time>
<s>我们和专注于保护的组织合作</s>
<time>397_00:23:45,240 --> 00:23:48,840</time>
<s>帮助当地人以一种可持续的方式管理森林</s>
<time>398_00:23:50,280 --> 00:23:53,160</time>
<s>往往随着道路的修建森林被砍伐</s>
<time>399_00:23:53,880 --> 00:23:55,680</time>
<s>这对当地人来说是不利的</s>
<time>400_00:23:56,760 --> 00:23:59,640</time>
<s>森林中的可使用菌类原本可以食用或交易</s>
<time>401_00:24:00,000 --> 00:24:01,440</time>
<s>最终也随着森林的消失而消失了</s>
<time>402_00:24:02,520 --> 00:24:04,320</time>
<s>所以这些照片可以为这些国家的村民</s>
<time>403_00:24:04,680 --> 00:24:07,560</time>
<s>提供实地的指南</s>
<time>404_00:24:09,000 --> 00:24:10,800</time>
<s>但对我来说最最激动的</s>
<time>405_00:24:11,160 --> 00:24:14,760</time>
<s>是在这些人迹罕至的地带记录那里所有的真菌</s>
<time>406_00:24:15,480 --> 00:24:19,440</time>
<s>并了解到每种真菌如何与森林互动的一个侧面</s>
<time>407_00:24:22,680 --> 00:24:24,480</time>
<s>喜马拉雅东部的真菌</s>
<time>408_00:24:25,200 --> 00:24:27,000</time>
<s>绝对是精美绝伦</s>
<time>409_00:24:44,640 --> 00:24:45,720</time>
<s>在过去一年里</s>
<time>410_00:24:46,080 --> 00:24:49,680</time>
<s>我们作为真菌教育者的角色有了更广阔的视野</s>
<time>411_00:24:51,480 --> 00:24:53,280</time>
<s>在这场踏遍国际的真菌冒险中</s>
<time>412_00:24:54,000 --> 00:24:55,800</time>
<s>我们经常向我们的合作者们</s>
<time>413_00:24:56,160 --> 00:24:57,960</time>
<s>介绍第一次接触到的真菌</s>
<time>414_00:24:58,680 --> 00:25:00,840</time>
<s>我们兴致勃勃地看着他们</s>
<time>415_00:25:01,560 --> 00:25:04,080</time>
<s>对他们从未注意过的世界兴奋不已</s>
<time>416_00:25:05,520 --> 00:25:07,320</time>
<s>每一次我们都发现</s>
<time>417_00:25:07,680 --> 00:25:10,200</time>
<s>他们几乎和我们一样热情满满沉迷其中</s>
<time>418_00:25:11,640 --> 00:25:14,880</time>
<s>我们想看看能不能在国际范围内推动这件事</s>
<time>419_00:25:16,320 --> 00:25:18,120</time>
<s>所以在2018年</s>
<time>420_00:25:18,480 --> 00:25:21,720</time>
<s>我们在印度拍摄了整个真菌“游猎”之旅</s>
<time>421_00:25:22,800 --> 00:25:24,240</time>
<s>下面是我们做这件事的一点心得体会</s>
<time>422_00:25:25,320 --> 00:25:28,560</time>
<s>这是我们第一次记录的</s>
<time>423_00:25:29,280 --> 00:25:31,080</time>
<s>梅加拉亚邦（印度东北部）的发光蘑菇</s>
<time>424_00:25:32,880 --> 00:25:34,320</time>
<s>我用延时拍摄的蘑菇中</s>
<time>425_00:25:34,680 --> 00:25:36,480</time>
<s>有一种从来不会停止发光</s>
<time>426_00:25:37,200 --> 00:25:38,640</time>
<s>那就是荧光小菇</s>
<time>427_00:25:39,000 --> 00:25:41,520</time>
<s>这是一种非常明亮的发光真菌</s>
<time>428_00:25:41,880 --> 00:25:43,680</time>
<s>是我在当地的森林里发现的</s>
<time>429_00:25:53,760 --> 00:25:54,840</time>
<s>无论去哪里</s>
<time>430_00:25:55,200 --> 00:25:58,080</time>
<s>我们都会询问当地有没有类似的品种</s>
<time>431_00:25:58,800 --> 00:26:00,240</time>
<s>答案经常是没有</s>
<time>432_00:26:00,960 --> 00:26:03,480</time>
<s>你们这里有在夜里发光的蘑菇吗</s>
<time>433_00:26:04,920 --> 00:26:05,280</time>
<s>你们这里有</s>
<time>434_00:26:06,360 --> 00:26:07,440</time>
<s>你们能找到的多吗</s>
<time>435_00:26:08,160 --> 00:26:08,520</time>
<s>当然</s>
<time>436_00:26:09,240 --> 00:26:10,680</time>
<s>你们管这种蘑菇叫什么</s>
<time>437_00:26:11,040 --> 00:26:12,480</time>
<s>就叫发光蘑菇</s>
<time>438_00:26:12,840 --> 00:26:15,000</time>
<s>因为它们晚上会发光</s>
<time>439_00:26:15,360 --> 00:26:16,440</time>
<s>我们能过去找找看吗</s>
<time>440_00:26:16,800 --> 00:26:17,880</time>
<s>可以我带你去</s>
<time>441_00:26:18,240 --> 00:26:18,960</time>
<s>太好了</s>
<time>442_00:26:22,200 --> 00:26:23,280</time>
<s>哇看看这些蘑菇</s>
<time>443_00:26:26,160 --> 00:26:28,680</time>
<s>和我们家那边的蘑菇完全不一样</s>
<time>444_00:26:29,760 --> 00:26:33,360</time>
<s>菌柄是发光的但菌盖不发光</s>
<time>445_00:26:33,720 --> 00:26:35,880</time>
<s>但我家那边的蘑菇菌盖发光</s>
<time>446_00:26:36,240 --> 00:26:38,040</time>
<s>菌柄只有一点点亮光</s>
<time>447_00:26:39,120 --> 00:26:40,920</time>
<s>都发光但不同种</s>
<time>448_00:26:41,280 --> 00:26:42,720</time>
<s>都发光但不同的种对</s>
<time>449_00:26:43,800 --> 00:26:45,960</time>
<s>有光的时候你就看不见它们了</s>
<time>450_00:26:46,680 --> 00:26:48,120</time>
<s>但我们可以把它们拿到暗处</s>
<time>451_00:26:48,480 --> 00:26:50,640</time>
<s>我可以用长曝光拍它们</s>
<time>452_00:26:51,000 --> 00:26:52,800</time>
<s>之后你就能看见它们全部的光彩了</s>
<time>453_00:26:54,600 --> 00:26:56,760</time>
<s>目前地球上大约有80种</s>
<time>454_00:26:57,120 --> 00:26:59,280</time>
<s>有记载的发光真菌</s>
<time>455_00:27:00,000 --> 00:27:03,240</time>
<s>但其中只有少数真菌比这种还亮</s>
<time>456_00:27:04,680 --> 00:27:09,360</time>
<s>这是莫里农地区第一次记录发光真菌</s>
<time>457_00:27:10,080 --> 00:27:14,400</time>
<s>经过分析我们发现它是一个全新的物种</s>
<time>458_00:27:15,840 --> 00:27:18,000</time>
<s>席人文科技·自日梦</s>
<time>459_00:27:18,360 --> 00:27:20,880</time>
<s>现在我带你们回到我在澳大利亚的家吧</s>
<time>460_00:27:21,960 --> 00:27:24,840</time>
<s>2019年我们经历了</s>
<time>461_00:27:25,200 --> 00:27:27,000</time>
<s>有史以来最严重的山火季节之一</s>
<time>462_00:27:28,080 --> 00:27:30,240</time>
<s>1700万公顷的土地被烧毁</s>
<time>463_00:27:30,600 --> 00:27:31,320</time>
<s>光是我所在的新南威尔士州</s>
<time>464_00:27:31,680 --> 00:27:33,480</time>
<s>就有500多万公被吞没在大火中</s>
<time>465_00:27:34,200 --> 00:27:36,720</time>
<s>山火的破坏力非常孩人</s>
<time>466_00:27:37,080 --> 00:27:38,160</time>
<s>尤其是当它开始烧毁</s>
<time>467_00:27:38,520 --> 00:27:41,040</time>
<s>我们住处附近的雨林时更让人害怕</s>
<time>468_00:27:47,520 --> 00:27:49,680</time>
<s>大火过后的几天</s>
<time>469_00:27:50,040 --> 00:27:52,560</time>
<s>我们听到消防员说</s>
<time>470_00:27:52,920 --> 00:27:54,720</time>
<s>灰煜中出现了蘑菇</s>
<time>471_00:27:55,800 --> 00:27:57,240</time>
<s>于是我们驱车来到了那片焦黑的地方</s>
<time>472_00:27:57,960 --> 00:27:58,680</time>
<s>想看看能不能找到些什么</s>
<time>473_00:27:59,760 --> 00:28:00,840</time>
<s>结果令我们喜出望外</s>
<time>474_00:28:01,920 --> 00:28:03,360</time>
<s>那里到处都是蘑菇</s>
<time>475_00:28:03,720 --> 00:28:05,880</time>
<s>还有我们从来没见过的品种</s>
<time>476_00:28:07,320 --> 00:28:10,560</time>
<s>这种蘑菇叫StonemakerFungus</s>
<time>477_00:28:10,920 --> 00:28:16,680</time>
<s>它会在地面还在发热冒烟的时候开始出现</s>
<time>478_00:28:17,760 --> 00:28:19,200</time>
<s>它常年长在土里</s>
<time>479_00:28:19,560 --> 00:28:22,440</time>
<s>在地下形成了坚硬的菌丝块</s>
<time>480_00:28:23,520 --> 00:28:26,400</time>
<s>形似石头故得名</s>
<time>481_00:28:27,480 --> 00:28:28,920</time>
<s>它只有在有火的时候才能长出子实体</s>
<time>482_00:28:29,640 --> 00:28:31,080</time>
<s>而在这片森林中</s>
<time>483_00:28:31,440 --> 00:28:33,240</time>
<s>这种事可能一百年才会发生一次</s>
<time>484_00:28:34,680 --> 00:28:38,280</time>
<s>然后我们看到大量的小小的盘菌覆盖在地表</s>
<time>485_00:28:39,000 --> 00:28:42,600</time>
<s>我们成功辩认出它们就是Anthrocobia mueleri帝</s>
<time>486_00:28:43,680 --> 00:28:46,920</time>
<s>我们开始好奇它对森林土壤的保护作用</s>
<time>487_00:28:48,000 --> 00:28:50,160</time>
<s>因为大火会让土壤变得非常脆弱</s>
<time>488_00:28:50,520 --> 00:28:52,320</time>
<s>很容易被水冲走或者被风吹走</s>
<time>489_00:28:53,400 --> 00:28:56,640</time>
<s>但这种真菌似乎可以将表层土壤捆在一起</s>
<time>490_00:28:57,720 --> 00:28:58,800</time>
<s>锁住了水分</s>
<time>491_00:29:00,240 --> 00:29:02,760</time>
<s>对我而言这些真菌提出了太多太多的问题</s>
<time>492_00:29:03,840 --> 00:29:06,000</time>
<s>在没有火的情况下这些真菌在哪里生长呢</s>
<time>493_00:29:06,720 --> 00:29:09,240</time>
<s>我看不出它有任何深层的菌丝留存</s>
<time>494_00:29:10,320 --> 00:29:12,840</time>
<s>我在书中读到过在北美有一种类似的菌类</s>
<time>495_00:29:13,200 --> 00:29:15,000</time>
<s>作为一种微型真菌</s>
<time>496_00:29:15,360 --> 00:29:17,160</time>
<s>生长在苔藓的细胞结构中</s>
<time>497_00:29:18,240 --> 00:29:20,040</time>
<s>也许这也是类似的物种</s>
<time>498_00:29:20,400 --> 00:29:20,760</time>
<s>只有当火</s>
<time>499_00:29:21,120 --> 00:29:23,640</time>
<s>将士壤中所有竞争养分的生物体进行杀菌之后</s>
<time>500_00:29:24,000 --> 00:29:25,800</time>
<s>它才会长成大型真菌</s>
<time>501_00:29:27,240 --> 00:29:30,480</time>
<s>我们甚至在森林的地面上发现了木炭下的蘑菇</s>
<time>502_00:29:31,200 --> 00:29:33,720</time>
<s>在曾经有原木倒下的地方</s>
<time>503_00:29:34,800 --> 00:29:38,040</time>
<s>这里应该是火势最猛烈的地方</s>
<time>504_00:29:39,120 --> 00:29:39,840</time>
<s>为什么会这样呢</s>
<time>505_00:29:40,560 --> 00:29:42,720</time>
<s>孢子又是怎么进入到这片</s>
<time>506_00:29:43,080 --> 00:29:45,600</time>
<s>已经被大火彻底消过毒的土壤呢</s>
<time>507_00:29:46,680 --> 00:29:49,560</time>
<s>喜爱火的真菌种类之多让人叹为观止</s>
<time>508_00:29:51,000 --> 00:29:53,160</time>
<s>在我们回去了一个月之后</s>
<time>509_00:29:53,520 --> 00:29:54,960</time>
<s>又有不同种类的真菌涌现了出来</s>
<time>510_00:29:56,040 --> 00:29:58,920</time>
<s>我们发布了几个视频反响让我们惊喜</s>
<time>511_00:30:00,000 --> 00:30:01,080</time>
<s>许多当地人告诉我们</s>
<time>512_00:30:01,440 --> 00:30:03,960</time>
<s>在所有毁灭性的新闻中</s>
<time>513_00:30:04,680 --> 00:30:06,480</time>
<s>这些积极的信息振奋了他们</s>
<time>514_00:30:07,200 --> 00:30:10,440</time>
<s>他们欣喜地听到森林的复原力有多强大</s>
<time>515_00:30:11,160 --> 00:30:13,320</time>
<s>在这种情况下要归功于森林中的真菌</s>
<time>516_00:30:14,760 --> 00:30:16,200</time>
<s>生命是如此美好</s>
<time>517_00:30:16,560 --> 00:30:18,720</time>
<s>而我们对几乎所有的生命都所知甚少</s>
<time>518_00:30:19,800 --> 00:30:20,880</time>
<s>就像我在一开始告诉你们的那样</s>
<time>519_00:30:21,240 --> 00:30:24,120</time>
<s>我曾经是计算机软件工程师</s>
<time>520_00:30:24,840 --> 00:30:26,640</time>
<s>从事庞大的计算机系统工作</s>
<time>521_00:30:27,360 --> 00:30:29,520</time>
<s>我们认为这个系统非常之复杂</s>
<time>522_00:30:30,600 --> 00:30:33,480</time>
<s>但计算机系统是由人类设计出来的</s>
<time>523_00:30:33,840 --> 00:30:34,920</time>
<s>所以只要聚集足够多的人</s>
<time>524_00:30:35,280 --> 00:30:37,440</time>
<s>我们就能解释关于它的一切</s>
<time>525_00:30:38,880 --> 00:30:41,040</time>
<s>可就算是自然界中最微小的生物体</s>
<time>526_00:30:41,400 --> 00:30:43,920</time>
<s>也要比庞大的计算机系统更复杂</s>
<time>527_00:30:45,000 --> 00:30:46,800</time>
<s>而当你意识到我们的星球有万亿</s>
<time>528_00:30:47,160 --> 00:30:49,680</time>
<s>甚至干万亿个这样的生物体时</s>
<time>529_00:30:50,400 --> 00:30:51,480</time>
<s>我们就对地球上生命的复杂性</s>
<time>530_00:30:51,840 --> 00:30:54,000</time>
<s>有了初步的了解</s>
<time>531_00:30:55,440 --> 00:30:58,320</time>
<s>我开始了这段旅程对摄影略知一二</s>
