<time>2_00:00:17,280 --> 00:00:18,720</time>
<s>各位朋友大家好</s>
<time>3_00:00:19,080 --> 00:00:20,520</time>
<s>我非常荣幸能够来到这里</s>
<time>4_00:00:21,240 --> 00:00:21,960</time>
<s>我是欧丽娟</s>
<time>5_00:00:22,320 --> 00:00:23,760</time>
<s>台湾大学中文系教授</s>
<time>6_00:00:25,200 --> 00:00:28,080</time>
<s>在学院里面会做各种专业的研究</s>
<time>7_00:00:28,440 --> 00:00:30,960</time>
<s>那个是象牙塔外的人会比较陌生</s>
<time>8_00:00:31,680 --> 00:00:35,640</time>
<s>但是实际上在研究古典文学的过程中</s>
<time>9_00:00:36,000 --> 00:00:38,160</time>
<s>我们实际是碰触到古人</s>
<time>10_00:00:38,880 --> 00:00:41,400</time>
<s>非常细腻丰富幽微的心灵脉动</s>
<time>11_00:00:42,120 --> 00:00:44,640</time>
<s>而文学的字面之下</s>
<time>12_00:00:45,000 --> 00:00:48,240</time>
<s>其实隐含了非常深刻的心理意涵</s>
<time>13_00:00:48,600 --> 00:00:51,840</time>
<s>这一点被学院的高墙阻挡</s>
<time>14_00:00:52,560 --> 00:00:56,160</time>
<s>所以我今天等于是走出高墙之外</s>
<time>15_00:00:56,880 --> 00:00:57,960</time>
<s>从学院到社会</s>
<time>16_00:00:58,320 --> 00:01:01,560</time>
<s>把我领略到的文学的滋味文学的深度</s>
<time>17_00:01:01,920 --> 00:01:03,000</time>
<s>来跟大家分享</s>
<time>18_00:01:05,160 --> 00:01:05,880</time>
<s>既然是要分享</s>
<time>19_00:01:06,600 --> 00:01:08,760</time>
<s>我想我们找一些大家最熟悉的作品</s>
<time>20_00:01:09,120 --> 00:01:10,920</time>
<s>因为那最能够让我们进入</s>
<time>21_00:01:11,640 --> 00:01:14,160</time>
<s>所以今天我想要谈的一个主题</s>
<time>22_00:01:14,520 --> 00:01:17,040</time>
<s>主要是在孤独的这一个主轴之下</s>
<time>23_00:01:17,400 --> 00:01:20,640</time>
<s>但是我们折射出许多的角度</s>
<time>24_00:01:21,000 --> 00:01:22,440</time>
<s>看看不同的作品</s>
<time>25_00:01:22,800 --> 00:01:26,040</time>
<s>下面我就想先跟大家分享</s>
<time>26_00:01:26,760 --> 00:01:30,360</time>
<s>我们从小就耳熟能详炙人口的一首小小的短诗</s>
<time>27_00:01:31,080 --> 00:01:32,160</time>
<s>就是王维的《杂诗》</s>
<time>28_00:01:32,880 --> 00:01:35,400</time>
<s>这首《杂诗》大家非常熟悉</s>
<time>29_00:01:35,760 --> 00:01:36,840</time>
<s>所以觉得理所当然</s>
<time>30_00:01:37,560 --> 00:01:41,160</time>
<s>然而每当我提出一个问题</s>
<time>31_00:01:41,520 --> 00:01:44,400</time>
<s>经常被问到的人就会哑口无言</s>
<time>32_00:01:44,760 --> 00:01:47,280</time>
<s>因为他不知道没有想过</s>
<time>33_00:01:47,640 --> 00:01:51,960</time>
<s>为什么王维会有最后那一句的提问</s>
<time>34_00:01:52,320 --> 00:01:54,120</time>
<s>这首诗大家都很熟悉</s>
<time>35_00:01:54,480 --> 00:01:57,000</time>
<s>君自故乡来应知故乡事</s>
<time>36_00:01:57,720 --> 00:02:00,960</time>
<s>来日绮窗前寒梅著花未</s>
<time>37_00:02:01,320 --> 00:02:03,840</time>
<s>为什么久别重逢的时候</s>
<time>38_00:02:04,200 --> 00:02:06,360</time>
<s>王维问的是</s>
<time>39_00:02:07,440 --> 00:02:09,240</time>
<s>冬天的梅花开了没有</s>
<time>40_00:02:09,960 --> 00:02:10,680</time>
<s>请大家思考</s>
<time>41_00:02:11,040 --> 00:02:12,120</time>
<s>为什么久别重逢</s>
<time>42_00:02:12,480 --> 00:02:15,720</time>
<s>你会问这么一个非常微不足道的小问题</s>
<time>43_00:02:16,440 --> 00:02:18,960</time>
<s>我想很多人都会觉得确实非常奇怪</s>
<time>44_00:02:19,320 --> 00:02:22,200</time>
<s>我们会有的一个常态的心理反应</s>
<time>45_00:02:22,560 --> 00:02:25,080</time>
<s>会认为应该是比较像王绩</s>
<time>46_00:02:26,160 --> 00:02:27,960</time>
<s>这一位初唐诗人所写的</s>
<time>47_00:02:28,320 --> 00:02:32,280</time>
<s>《在京思故园见乡人问》的表达方式</s>
<time>48_00:02:32,640 --> 00:02:38,040</time>
<s>我们会觉得理应迫切询问家乡是否安好</s>
<time>49_00:02:38,400 --> 00:02:40,560</time>
<s>父母是否健康安在</s>
<time>50_00:02:40,920 --> 00:02:43,440</time>
<s>然后庭院书斋</s>
<time>51_00:02:43,800 --> 00:02:47,760</time>
<s>许许多多家乡的一切是不是依然如昔</s>
<time>52_00:02:48,120 --> 00:02:50,280</time>
<s>王绩这首诗一共问了十多个问题</s>
<time>53_00:02:50,640 --> 00:02:51,720</time>
<s>好像连珠炮一样</s>
<time>54_00:02:52,080 --> 00:02:54,240</time>
<s>好像也很能够表达出那种</s>
<time>55_00:02:54,600 --> 00:02:56,400</time>
<s>迫切探问的心理状态</s>
<time>56_00:02:57,480 --> 00:03:00,720</time>
<s>可是相较下来王维的提问就非常地奇怪</s>
<time>57_00:03:02,520 --> 00:03:03,240</time>
<s>首先</s>
<time>58_00:03:03,600 --> 00:03:07,560</time>
<s>我们就是要请大家先注意一个小小的训话</s>
<time>59_00:03:07,920 --> 00:03:10,800</time>
<s>就是“来日绮窗前”的这个“来日”</s>
<time>60_00:03:11,160 --> 00:03:14,760</time>
<s>不能用我们今天的理解去想当然尔</s>
<time>61_00:03:15,120 --> 00:03:16,560</time>
<s>这个“来日”它是一个过去式</s>
<time>62_00:03:17,280 --> 00:03:19,800</time>
<s>指的是说这位从故乡来的亲友</s>
<time>63_00:03:20,520 --> 00:03:24,120</time>
<s>你从出发来这里的那一天</s>
<time>64_00:03:24,840 --> 00:03:25,200</time>
<s>换句话说</s>
<time>65_00:03:25,560 --> 00:03:29,520</time>
<s>他问的是这位亲友所能够掌握到的</s>
<time>66_00:03:29,880 --> 00:03:32,760</time>
<s>最近的最新的家乡的讯息</s>
<time>67_00:03:34,200 --> 00:03:36,360</time>
<s>王维传达出</s>
<time>68_00:03:36,720 --> 00:03:41,040</time>
<s>我们确实非常渴望知道故乡的最新状况</s>
<time>69_00:03:41,760 --> 00:03:45,000</time>
<s>但是他为什么要问“寒梅著花未”</s>
<time>70_00:03:46,080 --> 00:03:48,240</time>
<s>我想各位听了一定会觉得很奇怪</s>
<time>71_00:03:48,600 --> 00:03:50,760</time>
<s>花开了没有这究竟攸关什么呢</s>
<time>72_00:03:51,480 --> 00:03:53,640</time>
<s>跟我们心里最迫切的担忧</s>
<time>73_00:03:54,000 --> 00:03:55,080</time>
<s>似乎是不成比例</s>
<time>74_00:03:55,800 --> 00:04:00,840</time>
<s>所以这首诗一定有非常奥妙非常不寻常的地方</s>
<time>75_00:04:01,200 --> 00:04:04,800</time>
<s>然而它却深深触动一干多年以来</s>
<time>76_00:04:05,160 --> 00:04:06,960</time>
<s>许多游子的心灵</s>
<time>77_00:04:08,040 --> 00:04:08,760</time>
<s>它的奥秘在哪里</s>
<time>78_00:04:09,480 --> 00:04:11,280</time>
<s>我非常非常地幸运</s>
<time>79_00:04:11,640 --> 00:04:16,320</time>
<s>由于在我的成长过程中透过一位老师</s>
<time>80_00:04:17,400 --> 00:04:18,840</time>
<s>他在1983年</s>
<time>81_00:04:19,200 --> 00:04:21,720</time>
<s>那时候我是一个高中的女学生</s>
<time>82_00:04:23,160 --> 00:04:25,680</time>
<s>这位老师就是1949年</s>
<time>83_00:04:26,040 --> 00:04:29,280</time>
<s>撤退到台湾的其中的一颗小水滴</s>
<time>84_00:04:30,000 --> 00:04:35,400</time>
<s>在这个集体悲剧里他在课堂上娓道来</s>
<time>85_00:04:35,760 --> 00:04:40,440</time>
<s>让我终于找到理解王维这首诗的钥匙</s>
<time>86_00:04:41,160 --> 00:04:45,840</time>
<s>他说两岸的阻隔历经了不同阶段的变化</s>
<time>87_00:04:46,920 --> 00:04:49,080</time>
<s>首先当然就是彻底的隔绝</s>
<time>88_00:04:49,800 --> 00:04:51,240</time>
<s>然后再来就是可以通信</s>
<time>89_00:04:51,600 --> 00:04:54,840</time>
<s>再来就是允许在第三地见面</s>
<time>90_00:04:55,200 --> 00:04:56,640</time>
<s>而这个第三地大家都知道</s>
<time>91_00:04:57,000 --> 00:04:58,440</time>
<s>从地理的优势来说</s>
<time>92_00:04:58,800 --> 00:05:00,600</time>
<s>香港一定是雀屏中选</s>
<time>93_00:05:01,320 --> 00:05:03,480</time>
<s>于是他说就在不久前</s>
<time>94_00:05:04,200 --> 00:05:09,240</time>
<s>他终于跟弟弟约定在香港可以重逢</s>
<time>95_00:05:09,600 --> 00:05:12,840</time>
<s>他说心里之焦急心里之志志</s>
<time>96_00:05:13,920 --> 00:05:15,720</time>
<s>那叫作无法用言语形容</s>
<time>97_00:05:16,440 --> 00:05:20,400</time>
<s>可是他说终于在时间的倒数过程中</s>
<time>98_00:05:21,480 --> 00:05:24,360</time>
<s>乍然见到弟弟的那一瞬间</s>
<time>99_00:05:25,440 --> 00:05:26,160</time>
<s>非常激动</s>
<time>100_00:05:26,880 --> 00:05:30,480</time>
<s>内心干言万语无从诉说</s>
<time>101_00:05:30,840 --> 00:05:32,280</time>
<s>他说就在那一刻</s>
<time>102_00:05:33,000 --> 00:05:34,800</time>
<s>他连自己都没有办法意识到的是</s>
<time>103_00:05:35,520 --> 00:05:38,760</time>
<s>他冲口而出的是他根本没有想到的问题</s>
<time>104_00:05:39,480 --> 00:05:42,000</time>
<s>他也根本不想知道那个问题的答案</s>
<time>105_00:05:42,360 --> 00:05:46,320</time>
<s>而那个问题就是家乡现在有没有电</s>
<time>106_00:05:49,560 --> 00:05:51,360</time>
<s>阻隔会造成很多的误会</s>
<time>107_00:05:52,080 --> 00:05:55,680</time>
<s>他觉得家乡现在可能还在30多年前吧</s>
<time>108_00:05:56,040 --> 00:05:57,480</time>
<s>现在有没有电呢</s>
<time>109_00:05:58,200 --> 00:06:00,000</time>
<s>可是对这个当事人来说</s>
<time>110_00:06:00,720 --> 00:06:01,800</time>
<s>他根本不关心这个问题</s>
<time>111_00:06:02,160 --> 00:06:04,320</time>
<s>因为有没有电无关紧要</s>
<time>112_00:06:04,680 --> 00:06:08,280</time>
<s>这个根本跟亲人的健在与否</s>
<time>113_00:06:08,640 --> 00:06:10,080</time>
<s>安好与否是完全无关</s>
<time>114_00:06:10,800 --> 00:06:13,680</time>
<s>所以我在台下听了这个故事心里其实</s>
<time>115_00:06:15,840 --> 00:06:16,920</time>
<s>也是百感交集</s>
<time>116_00:06:17,640 --> 00:06:22,680</time>
<s>这位老师在集体的时代的悲剧里</s>
<time>117_00:06:23,400 --> 00:06:25,560</time>
<s>透过他作为一个国文老师的敏感</s>
<time>118_00:06:26,280 --> 00:06:30,960</time>
<s>以及这么极端的难得的体验而告诉我</s>
<time>119_00:06:31,320 --> 00:06:35,280</time>
<s>原来一干多年前王维所提问的“寒梅著花未”</s>
<time>120_00:06:35,640 --> 00:06:36,360</time>
<s>背后的心理</s>
<time>121_00:06:37,080 --> 00:06:39,600</time>
<s>就是在一种很特殊的状态</s>
<time>122_00:06:40,320 --> 00:06:41,760</time>
<s>那个特殊的状态是</s>
<time>123_00:06:42,120 --> 00:06:47,520</time>
<s>王维捕捉了久别重逢的最初的那一瞬间</s>
<time>124_00:06:47,880 --> 00:06:50,040</time>
<s>这一瞬间是理性停摆</s>
<time>125_00:06:50,400 --> 00:06:52,560</time>
<s>然后会问的问题是微不足道</s>
<time>126_00:06:52,920 --> 00:06:55,800</time>
<s>因为微不足道所以才会脱口而出</s>
<time>127_00:06:56,160 --> 00:06:57,600</time>
<s>因为它在帮你争取</s>
<time>128_00:06:57,960 --> 00:07:01,920</time>
<s>内心自我建设的一个安全的防备</s>
<time>129_00:07:03,000 --> 00:07:04,440</time>
<s>你的心里知道你很脆弱</s>
<time>130_00:07:04,800 --> 00:07:09,120</time>
<s>所以你一开始其实是问不出最重要的问题</s>
<time>131_00:07:09,480 --> 00:07:12,000</time>
<s>因为你不一定能够承受那样的打击</s>
<time>132_00:07:12,720 --> 00:07:18,840</time>
<s>所以说王绩他问的十几个这么多的提问</s>
<time>133_00:07:19,560 --> 00:07:22,440</time>
<s>他其实是在心理的不同阶段</s>
<time>134_00:07:23,160 --> 00:07:26,400</time>
<s>王绩已经在最初的瞬间之后</s>
<time>135_00:07:26,760 --> 00:07:28,200</time>
<s>心灵慢慢平复</s>
<time>136_00:07:28,920 --> 00:07:32,160</time>
<s>可以开始恢复理性跟正常交流的状态</s>
<time>137_00:07:32,520 --> 00:07:35,760</time>
<s>然后才把他真正所关心的各种问题都提问出来</s>
<time>138_00:07:36,120 --> 00:07:36,840</time>
<s>可是王维不是</s>
<time>139_00:07:37,560 --> 00:07:38,640</time>
<s>主维太敏锐</s>
<time>140_00:07:39,000 --> 00:07:40,440</time>
<s>他比所有的诗人</s>
<time>141_00:07:40,800 --> 00:07:45,480</time>
<s>更敏锐地捕捉到稍纵即逝的那一瞬间</s>
<time>142_00:07:45,840 --> 00:07:49,440</time>
<s>我认为这是王维这一首短短的小诗</s>
<time>143_00:07:49,800 --> 00:07:52,320</time>
<s>会那么吸引一干多年来的（游子）原因</s>
<time>144_00:07:52,680 --> 00:07:53,760</time>
<s>我们会被触动</s>
<time>145_00:07:54,120 --> 00:07:56,640</time>
<s>甚至是一个潜意识的状态</s>
<time>146_00:07:57,000 --> 00:07:58,800</time>
<s>我们知道我们被这首诗所打动</s>
<time>147_00:07:59,160 --> 00:08:00,240</time>
<s>可是我们不知其所以然</s>
<time>148_00:08:00,600 --> 00:08:03,480</time>
<s>所以从这首诗我们可以看到</s>
<time>149_00:08:04,200 --> 00:08:06,000</time>
<s>诗人真的是人类的感官</s>
<time>150_00:08:06,360 --> 00:08:09,960</time>
<s>而优秀的诗人他会比我们更了解</s>
<time>151_00:08:10,320 --> 00:08:15,360</time>
<s>人性里最纤细最幽微最难以捕捉到的那一瞬间</s>
<time>152_00:08:16,080 --> 00:08:18,960</time>
<s>这个心理当然我们都可以体会</s>
<time>153_00:08:19,680 --> 00:08:21,120</time>
<s>它叫作不敢问</s>
<time>154_00:08:22,200 --> 00:08:25,080</time>
<s>因为你怕问了你会经受不起打击</s>
<time>155_00:08:25,440 --> 00:08:26,160</time>
<s>所以你问一个</s>
<time>156_00:08:26,520 --> 00:08:29,400</time>
<s>无论答案是什么你都不会受伤的一个问题</s>
<time>157_00:08:29,760 --> 00:08:30,480</time>
<s>就是“寒梅著花未”</s>
<time>158_00:08:31,200 --> 00:08:32,640</time>
<s>这种不敢问的心理</s>
<time>159_00:08:33,360 --> 00:08:37,320</time>
<s>其实初唐有一位大家也大概认识过的诗人</s>
<time>160_00:08:37,680 --> 00:08:39,120</time>
<s>很明确地提到过</s>
<time>161_00:08:39,480 --> 00:08:40,200</time>
<s>他是宋之问</s>
<time>162_00:08:40,920 --> 00:08:44,160</time>
<s>宋之问他在这一首《渡汉江》</s>
<time>163_00:08:44,880 --> 00:08:48,480</time>
<s>《渡汉江》的这首诗各位很熟悉最后那两句</s>
<time>164_00:08:48,840 --> 00:08:52,800</time>
<s>“近乡情更不敢问来人”</s>
<time>165_00:08:53,160 --> 00:08:56,760</time>
<s>在音书断的状况之下经过一季又一季</s>
<time>166_00:08:57,120 --> 00:09:00,360</time>
<s>我想游子心里的悬念都是可以体会</s>
<time>167_00:09:00,720 --> 00:09:03,240</time>
<s>而他说“不敢问来人”</s>
<time>168_00:09:03,600 --> 00:09:07,200</time>
<s>那就点出了王维同样不敢问的心理</s>
<time>169_00:09:07,920 --> 00:09:11,520</time>
<s>只是更细致地来区分</s>
<time>170_00:09:11,880 --> 00:09:15,840</time>
<s>王维是捕捉到潜意识你不自觉的</s>
<time>171_00:09:16,200 --> 00:09:21,600</time>
<s>因此稍纵即逝的那一瞬间的一个昙花一现的心理</s>
<time>172_00:09:21,960 --> 00:09:25,920</time>
<s>而宋之问是在一个自觉的层次里心情激荡</s>
<time>173_00:09:26,280 --> 00:09:28,080</time>
<s>知道他面对着家乡来的人</s>
<time>174_00:09:28,440 --> 00:09:30,960</time>
<s>他不敢提问的这个状态</s>
<time>175_00:09:31,320 --> 00:09:33,120</time>
<s>所以各位可以从这么两三首</s>
<time>176_00:09:33,480 --> 00:09:37,080</time>
<s>有关思乡见到亲人的诗</s>
<time>177_00:09:37,440 --> 00:09:39,960</time>
<s>你就可以注意到有三种不同的层次</s>
<time>178_00:09:40,320 --> 00:09:42,840</time>
<s>所以诗歌是非常非常细腻的</s>
<time>179_00:09:43,200 --> 00:09:46,080</time>
<s>一个人性加上艺术的杰作</s>
<time>180_00:09:47,520 --> 00:09:49,680</time>
<s>宋之问的“不敢问”</s>
<time>181_00:09:50,040 --> 00:09:53,640</time>
<s>我们下面就是要来跟大家再进一步分享</s>
<time>182_00:09:54,360 --> 00:09:56,880</time>
<s>由“不敢问”到“不敢说”</s>
<time>183_00:09:57,600 --> 00:10:01,920</time>
<s>那么这一首不敢说的代表作就是</s>
<time>184_00:10:02,280 --> 00:10:05,520</time>
<s>宋朝辛弃疾的《丑奴儿》这阙词</s>
<time>185_00:10:06,240 --> 00:10:08,400</time>
<s>由于这首词大家都很熟悉</s>
<time>186_00:10:08,760 --> 00:10:10,200</time>
<s>我只想谈后半阀</s>
<time>187_00:10:10,920 --> 00:10:11,280</time>
<s>他说</s>
<time>188_00:10:11,640 --> 00:10:15,240</time>
<s>而今识尽愁滋味欲说还休</s>
<time>189_00:10:15,960 --> 00:10:19,560</time>
<s>欲说还休却道天凉好个秋</s>
<time>190_00:10:19,920 --> 00:10:21,360</time>
<s>大家的理解可能会认为</s>
<time>191_00:10:22,800 --> 00:10:24,240</time>
<s>辛弃疾他欲说</s>
<time>192_00:10:24,600 --> 00:10:27,120</time>
<s>可是终究还休</s>
<time>193_00:10:27,840 --> 00:10:30,720</time>
<s>原因是因为语言很有限</s>
<time>194_00:10:31,080 --> 00:10:32,520</time>
<s>语言很苍白无力</s>
<time>195_00:10:32,880 --> 00:10:35,040</time>
<s>不足以表达心情于万一</s>
<time>196_00:10:35,400 --> 00:10:36,840</time>
<s>所以就觉得不说也罢</s>
<time>197_00:10:37,200 --> 00:10:40,080</time>
<s>这是我常听到的一般人的一个解释</s>
<time>198_00:10:40,440 --> 00:10:43,320</time>
<s>但是如果我们对于人性</s>
<time>199_00:10:44,040 --> 00:10:46,920</time>
<s>对于刻划人性很透彻的文学作品</s>
<time>200_00:10:47,280 --> 00:10:49,800</time>
<s>来互相参照互相瑞摩</s>
<time>201_00:10:50,160 --> 00:10:52,680</time>
<s>我们就会发现可能事实不是这样</s>
<time>202_00:10:53,760 --> 00:10:57,000</time>
<s>辛弃疾的欲说还休请各位要注意一个前提</s>
<time>203_00:10:58,080 --> 00:11:02,040</time>
<s>这个前提是“而今识尽愁滋味”</s>
<time>204_00:11:02,760 --> 00:11:06,360</time>
<s>事实上这里面有一个最关键的用词</s>
<time>205_00:11:06,720 --> 00:11:08,880</time>
<s>那就是“尽”这一个字</s>
<time>206_00:11:09,600 --> 00:11:11,400</time>
<s>你不是只是懂愁滋味而已</s>
<time>207_00:11:11,760 --> 00:11:16,440</time>
<s>你是识尽愁滋味历尽沧桑备受打击</s>
<time>208_00:11:16,800 --> 00:11:18,960</time>
<s>心里已经百受煎熬</s>
<time>209_00:11:19,320 --> 00:11:21,120</time>
<s>这样的一个识尽愁滋味的人</s>
<time>210_00:11:21,840 --> 00:11:23,280</time>
<s>他为什么会欲说还休</s>
<time>211_00:11:24,360 --> 00:11:25,080</time>
<s>可见</s>
<time>212_00:11:26,160 --> 00:11:29,400</time>
<s>我们有很多的空隙还来不及填补</s>
<time>213_00:11:29,760 --> 00:11:31,200</time>
<s>首先的第一个空隙就是</s>
<time>214_00:11:31,920 --> 00:11:34,800</time>
<s>识尽愁滋味的人他还是想说的</s>
<time>215_00:11:35,160 --> 00:11:39,480</time>
<s>他不是觉得语言不足以表达所以我放弃言说</s>
<time>216_00:11:39,840 --> 00:11:40,560</time>
<s>不是这么地简单</s>
<time>217_00:11:41,280 --> 00:11:44,880</time>
<s>因为我们都没有识尽愁滋味的经验过</s>
<time>218_00:11:45,240 --> 00:11:48,120</time>
<s>当有这样的经验再回来看这首诗</s>
<time>219_00:11:48,480 --> 00:11:49,920</time>
<s>也许我们会豁然开朗</s>
<time>220_00:11:50,280 --> 00:11:54,600</time>
<s>我们会知道原来这其中有不足为人道也的辛酸</s>
<time>221_00:11:54,960 --> 00:11:56,040</time>
<s>那个辛酸在哪里呢</s>
<time>222_00:11:56,760 --> 00:12:01,080</time>
<s>我就举我看到的古今中外的一些类似的例证</s>
<time>223_00:12:01,440 --> 00:12:05,760</time>
<s>然后让大家更明白辛弃疾的“欲说还休”</s>
<time>224_00:12:06,120 --> 00:12:09,360</time>
<s>究竟是建立在怎样的一个心理的状态上</s>
<time>225_00:12:09,720 --> 00:12:13,320</time>
<s>我现在引用的是法国的作家加缪</s>
<time>226_00:12:14,040 --> 00:12:16,920</time>
<s>他在他的代表作《瘟疫》里面所写到的一段话</s>
<time>227_00:12:17,280 --> 00:12:21,600</time>
<s>因为瘟疫的来临使得整个城市里面死伤惨重</s>
<time>228_00:12:21,960 --> 00:12:25,560</time>
<s>每一家户大概都有许许多多生离死别的悲惨</s>
<time>229_00:12:26,640 --> 00:12:29,520</time>
<s>愁云惨雾之下大家都备受压抑</s>
<time>230_00:12:29,880 --> 00:12:30,960</time>
<s>整个城市又被封锁</s>
<time>231_00:12:31,320 --> 00:12:32,400</time>
<s>那简直与世隔绝</s>
<time>232_00:12:32,760 --> 00:12:34,560</time>
<s>每个人只能够咬紧牙关</s>
<time>233_00:12:34,920 --> 00:12:37,800</time>
<s>苦苦承担自己心里面的锥心泣血</s>
<time>234_00:12:38,520 --> 00:12:43,200</time>
<s>于是《瘟疫》这本书里面涉及到这些人的内在的心理</s>
<time>235_00:12:43,920 --> 00:12:45,000</time>
<s>这段话我读到之后</s>
<time>236_00:12:45,360 --> 00:12:48,600</time>
<s>我觉得简直就是辛弃疾的绝佳注脚</s>
<time>237_00:12:49,320 --> 00:12:53,640</time>
<s>他说我们之中有人想把他自己的担子卸下来</s>
<time>238_00:12:54,360 --> 00:12:56,880</time>
<s>或者稍微谈谈他自己的感触</s>
<time>239_00:12:57,600 --> 00:12:58,680</time>
<s>他得到的回答</s>
<time>240_00:12:59,400 --> 00:13:00,480</time>
<s>不论是什么</s>
<time>241_00:13:01,560 --> 00:13:03,720</time>
<s>通常都会使他受伤</s>
<time>242_00:13:04,800 --> 00:13:06,240</time>
<s>这一点请各位放在心里面</s>
<time>243_00:13:06,600 --> 00:13:06,960</time>
<s>请注意</s>
<time>244_00:13:07,680 --> 00:13:10,560</time>
<s>他想把他的担子放下来</s>
<time>245_00:13:11,280 --> 00:13:13,440</time>
<s>他想谈谈他的感触</s>
<time>246_00:13:13,800 --> 00:13:15,240</time>
<s>他是想说的</s>
<time>247_00:13:15,600 --> 00:13:19,560</time>
<s>他不会因为语言苍白乏力就不说</s>
<time>248_00:13:20,640 --> 00:13:21,360</time>
<s>他想说</s>
<time>249_00:13:21,720 --> 00:13:23,520</time>
<s>因为对识尽愁滋味的人来讲</s>
<time>250_00:13:23,880 --> 00:13:27,840</time>
<s>能够谈一谈多少就能够减轻他的重担</s>
<time>251_00:13:28,200 --> 00:13:31,080</time>
<s>这就好像一个全身都在经历痛苦的人</s>
<time>252_00:13:31,440 --> 00:13:33,240</time>
<s>他唯一所想的事情就是</s>
<time>253_00:13:33,600 --> 00:13:36,120</time>
<s>只要能够减轻一点点痛苦就好</s>
<time>254_00:13:37,200 --> 00:13:40,440</time>
<s>这个我觉得你可以在生活里面</s>
<time>255_00:13:40,800 --> 00:13:42,960</time>
<s>生命的经验里面去检验</s>
<time>256_00:13:43,680 --> 00:13:44,040</time>
<s>真的</s>
<time>257_00:13:44,400 --> 00:13:45,840</time>
<s>极痛的情况之下</s>
<time>258_00:13:46,200 --> 00:13:49,080</time>
<s>你唯一的希望就是能减轻一点就好</s>
<time>259_00:13:49,440 --> 00:13:51,960</time>
<s>而为了减轻一点你愿意做任何事情</s>
<time>260_00:13:52,680 --> 00:13:54,840</time>
<s>问题是他为什么还休呢</s>
<time>261_00:13:55,200 --> 00:13:56,640</time>
<s>为什么他终于就没有说呢</s>
<time>262_00:13:57,720 --> 00:13:59,520</time>
<s>因为加缪说得很对</s>
<time>263_00:14:00,240 --> 00:14:02,400</time>
<s>无论你得到的是什么回答</s>
<time>264_00:14:02,760 --> 00:14:04,560</time>
<s>通常你都会受到伤害</s>
<time>265_00:14:06,000 --> 00:14:07,440</time>
<s>这是有亲身体验的人</s>
<time>266_00:14:08,160 --> 00:14:10,680</time>
<s>你一定会在这里得到很大的共鸣</s>
<time>267_00:14:11,400 --> 00:14:11,760</time>
<s>为什么呢</s>
<time>268_00:14:12,480 --> 00:14:15,720</time>
<s>因为虽然这个受尽苦楚的人</s>
<time>269_00:14:16,080 --> 00:14:20,760</time>
<s>他是从日日夜夜反的个人悲痛的深渊里</s>
<time>270_00:14:21,120 --> 00:14:22,200</time>
<s>说话出来</s>
<time>271_00:14:22,560 --> 00:14:24,360</time>
<s>虽然他所表达的意象</s>
<time>272_00:14:24,720 --> 00:14:27,960</time>
<s>是长久的苦难所慢慢塑造出来的</s>
<time>273_00:14:28,320 --> 00:14:30,840</time>
<s>是那么真实的一个血泪</s>
<time>274_00:14:31,200 --> 00:14:35,880</time>
<s>但是这些东西在那些听他说话的对手来说</s>
<time>275_00:14:36,240 --> 00:14:37,680</time>
<s>其实是毫无分量</s>
<time>276_00:14:38,040 --> 00:14:38,760</time>
<s>为什么呢</s>
<time>277_00:14:39,120 --> 00:14:40,560</time>
<s>因为听你说这些话的人</s>
<time>278_00:14:40,920 --> 00:14:43,440</time>
<s>他会觉得你的话其实是非常常见的</s>
<time>279_00:14:44,520 --> 00:14:45,600</time>
<s>一般的感概</s>
<time>280_00:14:45,960 --> 00:14:50,640</time>
<s>是市场上很容易就可以到处看到的很廉价的感情</s>
<time>281_00:14:51,000 --> 00:14:53,520</time>
<s>所以当对方是这样反应的时候</s>
<time>282_00:14:54,600 --> 00:14:58,920</time>
<s>当对方只把你的锥心泣血视为一般普通的感情</s>
<time>283_00:14:59,280 --> 00:15:00,720</time>
<s>一种大量制造的</s>
<time>284_00:15:01,080 --> 00:15:03,240</time>
<s>在市场中心贩卖的伤心故事的时候</s>
<time>285_00:15:04,320 --> 00:15:06,120</time>
<s>你这个受尽苦楚的人</s>
<time>286_00:15:06,480 --> 00:15:07,920</time>
<s>一定会受到很大的伤害</s>
<time>287_00:15:08,280 --> 00:15:09,720</time>
<s>因为你的期待落空</s>
<time>288_00:15:10,080 --> 00:15:13,320</time>
<s>你所得到的不是了解与抚慰</s>
<time>289_00:15:13,680 --> 00:15:17,640</time>
<s>你得到的是一种轻视或漫不经心</s>
<time>290_00:15:18,000 --> 00:15:19,440</time>
<s>甚至反过来质疑</s>
<time>291_00:15:19,800 --> 00:15:21,600</time>
<s>我想这些都有很细节的部分</s>
<time>292_00:15:21,960 --> 00:15:23,760</time>
<s>我们以后有机会再跟大家补充</s>
<time>293_00:15:24,120 --> 00:15:27,000</time>
<s>而在现代的文学里有一个大家很熟悉的小说家</s>
<time>294_00:15:27,720 --> 00:15:29,880</time>
<s>有一个大家很熟悉的小说家</s>
<time>295_00:15:30,600 --> 00:15:32,400</time>
<s>他其实也写到过类似的经验</s>
<time>296_00:15:33,120 --> 00:15:35,640</time>
<s>那就是鲁迅先生的《祝福》这一篇</s>
<time>297_00:15:36,360 --> 00:15:37,440</time>
<s>这篇大家都很熟悉</s>
<time>298_00:15:37,800 --> 00:15:40,680</time>
<s>写祥林嫂历经很多的苦难</s>
<time>299_00:15:41,400 --> 00:15:45,000</time>
<s>最后很不幸的是她的爱子唯一的儿子</s>
<time>300_00:15:45,360 --> 00:15:46,440</time>
<s>也被狼给叼走了</s>
<time>301_00:15:47,520 --> 00:15:49,320</time>
<s>这样子的锥心泣血的惨烈</s>
<time>302_00:15:49,680 --> 00:15:56,160</time>
<s>其实天下最大的痛苦无过于丧子之痛</s>
<time>303_00:15:56,520 --> 00:15:58,680</time>
<s>那个其实比失恋是更悲惨的</s>
<time>304_00:15:59,040 --> 00:16:00,840</time>
<s>只是我们一般人不一定能够品味得到</s>
<time>305_00:16:01,560 --> 00:16:05,160</time>
<s>鲁迅先生在这里捕捉得非常非常之细腻</s>
<time>306_00:16:05,880 --> 00:16:08,400</time>
<s>他说祥林嫂历经这样子的痛苦</s>
<time>307_00:16:08,760 --> 00:16:10,200</time>
<s>她真的是逢人诉说</s>
<time>308_00:16:10,920 --> 00:16:11,280</time>
<s>因为太痛了</s>
<time>309_00:16:12,000 --> 00:16:14,160</time>
<s>她非要有人来了解来分担</s>
<time>310_00:16:15,240 --> 00:16:15,960</time>
<s>否则她承受不起</s>
<time>311_00:16:16,680 --> 00:16:21,360</time>
<s>可是过不了多久她慢慢觉得不想说了</s>
<time>312_00:16:22,800 --> 00:16:26,400</time>
<s>他说这个没有识字的一个乡下女子</s>
<time>313_00:16:26,760 --> 00:16:27,840</time>
<s>她未必知道</s>
<time>314_00:16:28,200 --> 00:16:31,800</time>
<s>她的悲哀经过大家咀嚼赏鉴了许多天</s>
<time>315_00:16:32,520 --> 00:16:33,600</time>
<s>早已成为渣淬</s>
<time>316_00:16:34,320 --> 00:16:36,840</time>
<s>只值得烦厌和睡弃</s>
<time>317_00:16:37,920 --> 00:16:41,520</time>
<s>但是她至少还有一点点常识跟敏感</s>
<time>318_00:16:41,880 --> 00:16:42,600</time>
<s>她不是王维</s>
<time>319_00:16:42,960 --> 00:16:43,680</time>
<s>可是她感觉得到</s>
<time>320_00:16:44,400 --> 00:16:49,440</time>
<s>从人们的笑影上也仿佛觉得这又冷又尖</s>
<time>321_00:16:49,800 --> 00:16:52,320</time>
<s>自己也就再没有开口的必要</s>
<time>322_00:16:53,760 --> 00:16:55,920</time>
<s>所以这就是刚刚加缪所说的</s>
<time>323_00:16:56,280 --> 00:16:57,720</time>
<s>你想卸下你的重担</s>
<time>324_00:16:58,080 --> 00:16:58,800</time>
<s>想做一点诉说</s>
<time>325_00:16:59,160 --> 00:17:00,960</time>
<s>可是无论你得到的是什么</s>
<time>326_00:17:01,320 --> 00:17:03,840</time>
<s>通常都会使你受到更大的伤害</s>
<time>327_00:17:04,560 --> 00:17:06,720</time>
<s>某个意义来讲人都非常有限</s>
<time>328_00:17:07,800 --> 00:17:09,600</time>
<s>痛苦的人需要分担</s>
<time>329_00:17:09,960 --> 00:17:13,560</time>
<s>可是对方他并没有你的伤口</s>
<time>330_00:17:14,280 --> 00:17:15,360</time>
<s>伤口不在他身上</s>
<time>331_00:17:15,720 --> 00:17:17,160</time>
<s>他真的不痛就是不痛</s>
<time>332_00:17:17,520 --> 00:17:19,680</time>
<s>所以在人的有限性之下</s>
<time>333_00:17:20,040 --> 00:17:21,840</time>
<s>他没有办法做出相应的回应</s>
<time>334_00:17:22,920 --> 00:17:23,280</time>
<s>所以</s>
<time>335_00:17:23,640 --> 00:17:27,240</time>
<s>我下面引用了托尔斯泰这位俄国大文豪的体认</s>
<time>336_00:17:27,600 --> 00:17:29,760</time>
<s>你看看这些文学家都是人类的感官</s>
<time>337_00:17:30,120 --> 00:17:32,280</time>
<s>把我们的心理把人性的特质</s>
<time>338_00:17:32,640 --> 00:17:34,800</time>
<s>体会得如此之精准而透彻</s>
<time>339_00:17:35,160 --> 00:17:36,600</time>
<s>托尔斯泰他也观察到</s>
<time>340_00:17:37,320 --> 00:17:40,560</time>
<s>人们的谈话之所以失败</s>
<time>341_00:17:41,280 --> 00:17:43,080</time>
<s>并不是因为缺乏智慧</s>
<time>342_00:17:43,440 --> 00:17:44,520</time>
<s>而是因为自负</s>
<time>343_00:17:44,880 --> 00:17:46,680</time>
<s>这个自负不是自以为了不起</s>
<time>344_00:17:47,040 --> 00:17:49,560</time>
<s>它其实是表示一种自我的一个限度</s>
<time>345_00:17:50,280 --> 00:17:53,520</time>
<s>因为每一个人都希望谈论自己</s>
<time>346_00:17:53,880 --> 00:17:55,680</time>
<s>或是自己感兴趣的话题</s>
<time>347_00:17:56,400 --> 00:17:56,760</time>
<s>这是真的</s>
<time>348_00:17:57,120 --> 00:17:58,560</time>
<s>各位可以回去好好检验一下</s>
<time>349_00:17:58,920 --> 00:18:00,360</time>
<s>任何话题我们一提出来</s>
<time>350_00:18:00,720 --> 00:18:03,600</time>
<s>对方通常只是把它接过去作为一个触媒</s>
<time>351_00:18:04,320 --> 00:18:05,040</time>
<s>作为一个引子</s>
<time>352_00:18:05,400 --> 00:18:08,640</time>
<s>可是接下去他会把话题拉回他自己身上</s>
<time>353_00:18:09,000 --> 00:18:10,800</time>
<s>谈他自己的经验他的感触</s>
<time>354_00:18:11,520 --> 00:18:14,040</time>
<s>这样的经验我想只要我们稍微观察一下</s>
<time>355_00:18:14,760 --> 00:18:15,840</time>
<s>就会有很深刻的感受</s>
<time>356_00:18:16,200 --> 00:18:19,080</time>
<s>所以这也就是为什么人会觉得非常孤独的原因</s>
<time>357_00:18:20,160 --> 00:18:20,880</time>
<s>我们的汉乐府</s>
<time>358_00:18:21,240 --> 00:18:23,040</time>
<s>我把它拉回到2000年前</s>
<time>359_00:18:23,760 --> 00:18:25,920</time>
<s>其实也有类似的一个触发</s>
<time>360_00:18:26,280 --> 00:18:27,720</time>
<s>而且写得非常精彩</s>
<time>361_00:18:28,080 --> 00:18:31,320</time>
<s>就在《饮马长城窟行》这一篇乐府诗里面有两句</s>
<time>362_00:18:32,040 --> 00:18:35,640</time>
<s>我想受苦的人大概都会对这两句有深深的共鸣</s>
<time>363_00:18:36,000 --> 00:18:40,680</time>
<s>他说入门各自媚谁肯相为言</s>
<time>364_00:18:41,760 --> 00:18:43,200</time>
<s>每一个人回到家里面</s>
<time>365_00:18:43,560 --> 00:18:46,440</time>
<s>都有他们自己关心喜爱的对象</s>
<time>366_00:18:47,160 --> 00:18:50,400</time>
<s>可是不被他所关心的那些对象</s>
<time>367_00:18:50,760 --> 00:18:54,000</time>
<s>你也只能够苦苦地去承担</s>
<time>368_00:18:54,360 --> 00:18:57,240</time>
<s>只有自己才能够担得起的孤独</s>
<time>369_00:18:57,600 --> 00:19:00,840</time>
<s>而担不起你就是被压挎的稻草吧</s>
<time>370_00:19:01,200 --> 00:19:03,000</time>
<s>所以这样子的一个体验</s>
<time>371_00:19:03,360 --> 00:19:05,160</time>
<s>我想古今中外我举这些例子</s>
<time>372_00:19:05,880 --> 00:19:10,200</time>
<s>就能够让大家体会到这真的是人性的本质</s>
<time>373_00:19:11,280 --> 00:19:12,000</time>
<s>它不是自私</s>
<time>374_00:19:12,360 --> 00:19:13,080</time>
<s>它只是有限</s>
<time>375_00:19:13,440 --> 00:19:15,960</time>
<s>所以每一个人其实都是单子</s>
<time>376_00:19:16,320 --> 00:19:17,760</time>
<s>单子没有窗户</s>
<time>377_00:19:18,120 --> 00:19:21,000</time>
<s>我们事实上从最彻底的本质上</s>
<time>378_00:19:22,080 --> 00:19:24,240</time>
<s>是没有办法跟别人真正交流的</s>
<time>379_00:19:24,600 --> 00:19:27,480</time>
<s>这就是存在很残酷的一个本质</s>
<time>380_00:19:28,560 --> 00:19:31,440</time>
<s>所以下面我们才要跟各位继续分享</s>
<time>381_00:19:32,160 --> 00:19:33,600</time>
<s>当孤独的时候</s>
<time>382_00:19:34,320 --> 00:19:35,040</time>
<s>寂寞的时候</s>
<time>383_00:19:35,400 --> 00:19:36,480</time>
<s>悲哀的时候</s>
<time>384_00:19:36,840 --> 00:19:38,280</time>
<s>受到伤害的时候</s>
<time>385_00:19:38,640 --> 00:19:41,520</time>
<s>我们通常就忍不住会哭泣</s>
<time>386_00:19:41,880 --> 00:19:45,120</time>
<s>这时候眼泪大概就是一种孤独的表征</s>
<time>387_00:19:45,480 --> 00:19:48,720</time>
<s>在我们拟定这一个主题的过程中</s>
<time>388_00:19:49,440 --> 00:19:50,520</time>
<s>我们就开始想</s>
<time>389_00:19:50,880 --> 00:19:53,760</time>
<s>那面对孤独的时候我们可以有怎么样的反应呢</s>
<time>390_00:19:54,840 --> 00:19:58,440</time>
<s>于是我就从唐诗里面找到两位很有代表性的诗人</s>
<time>391_00:19:58,800 --> 00:20:02,400</time>
<s>也许可以透过他们的比较带给我们一些启发</s>
<time>392_00:20:03,120 --> 00:20:07,440</time>
<s>这两位诗人就是初唐的陈子昂以及晚唐的李商隐</s>
<time>393_00:20:08,160 --> 00:20:09,600</time>
<s>由于一些特殊的考虑</s>
<time>394_00:20:09,960 --> 00:20:12,120</time>
<s>我们先讲晚唐的李商隐</s>
<time>395_00:20:13,200 --> 00:20:16,080</time>
<s>原来孤独是人生永恒的课题</s>
<time>396_00:20:16,440 --> 00:20:17,520</time>
<s>每一个人都要遇到</s>
<time>397_00:20:17,880 --> 00:20:19,320</time>
<s>这真的是我们必做的功课</s>
<time>398_00:20:19,680 --> 00:20:20,760</time>
<s>虽然非常艰难</s>
<time>399_00:20:21,480 --> 00:20:22,560</time>
<s>而我们会以为</s>
<time>400_00:20:23,280 --> 00:20:25,080</time>
<s>眼泪都来自于一颗受伤的</s>
<time>401_00:20:25,800 --> 00:20:28,320</time>
<s>脆弱的迫切需要怜焖的心</s>
<time>402_00:20:28,680 --> 00:20:31,200</time>
<s>所以我们以为眼泪都是值得同情的</s>
<time>403_00:20:32,280 --> 00:20:34,800</time>
<s>而且从实验室的结果来说</s>
<time>404_00:20:35,520 --> 00:20:37,320</time>
<s>它都是用同样的化学成分所组成</s>
<time>405_00:20:37,680 --> 00:20:38,400</time>
<s>都是氯化钠</s>
<time>406_00:20:38,760 --> 00:20:39,840</time>
<s>所以尝起来咸咸的</s>
<time>407_00:20:40,920 --> 00:20:43,440</time>
<s>但是我希望透过我们下面的分享</s>
<time>408_00:20:44,160 --> 00:20:45,600</time>
<s>让各位一起来思考</s>
<time>409_00:20:46,320 --> 00:20:49,560</time>
<s>并不是所有的眼泪都有同样的意义</s>
<time>410_00:20:50,280 --> 00:20:53,160</time>
<s>不是看到一个有流泪的人他就是值得同情的</s>
<time>411_00:20:53,520 --> 00:20:54,600</time>
<s>他就是无辜的</s>
<time>412_00:20:54,960 --> 00:20:55,680</time>
<s>他就是正确的</s>
<time>413_00:20:56,400 --> 00:20:59,280</time>
<s>这是我们很容易有的一个本能的误判</s>
<time>414_00:21:00,360 --> 00:21:02,520</time>
<s>首先我们来看一下李商隐的“眼泪”</s>
<time>415_00:21:03,600 --> 00:21:05,760</time>
<s>李商隐的眼泪大家非常熟悉</s>
<time>416_00:21:06,840 --> 00:21:11,880</time>
<s>比如说春蚕到死丝方尽蜡炬成灰泪始干</s>
<time>417_00:21:12,600 --> 00:21:16,560</time>
<s>这个是终其一生与眼泪相伴</s>
<time>418_00:21:17,280 --> 00:21:21,600</time>
<s>连打在花朵上牡丹花瓣上面的雨水</s>
<time>419_00:21:22,320 --> 00:21:24,120</time>
<s>它都被李商隐视为</s>
<time>420_00:21:24,480 --> 00:21:26,640</time>
<s>牡丹所哭泣出来的泪珠</s>
<time>421_00:21:27,720 --> 00:21:29,520</time>
<s>李商隐所看到的世界真的是一个</s>
<time>422_00:21:29,880 --> 00:21:31,680</time>
<s>东风无力百花残的</s>
<time>423_00:21:32,040 --> 00:21:34,920</time>
<s>这样一个软弱的苍白的</s>
<time>424_00:21:35,640 --> 00:21:38,160</time>
<s>然后无能为力的世界</s>
<time>425_00:21:39,240 --> 00:21:40,320</time>
<s>在这样的一个世界里</s>
<time>426_00:21:41,400 --> 00:21:45,360</time>
<s>你可以看到眼泪等于就是李商隐的生命线</s>
<time>427_00:21:46,080 --> 00:21:47,160</time>
<s>只就这一点来说</s>
<time>428_00:21:47,520 --> 00:21:50,040</time>
<s>我觉得《红楼梦》里面的那个女主角</s>
<time>429_00:21:51,120 --> 00:21:51,840</time>
<s>就是林黛玉</s>
<time>430_00:21:52,200 --> 00:21:56,160</time>
<s>简直就是李商隐的化身李商隐的投射</s>
<time>431_00:21:56,880 --> 00:21:58,320</time>
<s>蜡炬成灰泪始干</s>
<time>432_00:21:58,680 --> 00:22:03,000</time>
<s>其实与林黛玉的泪尽而亡是如出一辙</s>
<time>433_00:22:03,720 --> 00:22:06,240</time>
<s>可是在这里我可以提供一个很有趣的小问题</s>
<time>434_00:22:07,320 --> 00:22:09,120</time>
<s>可是林黛玉也很奇妙</s>
<time>435_00:22:09,480 --> 00:22:12,720</time>
<s>她明明是最像李商隐的一位《红楼梦》里面的金钗</s>
<time>436_00:22:13,080 --> 00:22:14,880</time>
<s>但是却就是林黛玉</s>
<time>437_00:22:15,600 --> 00:22:19,560</time>
<s>她居然公然说我最不喜欢李义山的诗</s>
<time>438_00:22:21,000 --> 00:22:22,440</time>
<s>这不是一个非常有趣的问题吗</s>
<time>439_00:22:23,160 --> 00:22:23,880</time>
<s>各位要不要想一想</s>
<time>440_00:22:24,600 --> 00:22:27,480</time>
<s>你很讨厌一个你最像的人</s>
<time>441_00:22:28,560 --> 00:22:31,080</time>
<s>这个心理又是一个很值得探索的课题</s>
<time>442_00:22:31,440 --> 00:22:33,960</time>
<s>这个我们不在这个专题之内</s>
<time>443_00:22:34,320 --> 00:22:35,760</time>
<s>但是提供给大家一起来思考</s>
<time>444_00:22:36,120 --> 00:22:39,000</time>
<s>所以如果从林黛玉再回到我们的李商隐</s>
<time>445_00:22:39,360 --> 00:22:40,800</time>
<s>你可以知道他们的生命形态</s>
<time>446_00:22:41,160 --> 00:22:42,960</time>
<s>其实真的有非常雷同的地方</s>
<time>447_00:22:43,320 --> 00:22:47,280</time>
<s>而李商隐就用眼泪来灌溉他自己的伤口</s>
<time>448_00:22:48,720 --> 00:22:49,800</time>
<s>因为他一无所有</s>
<time>449_00:22:50,520 --> 00:22:54,120</time>
<s>于是只能从自己的心里酿造出泪水</s>
<time>450_00:22:54,480 --> 00:23:00,600</time>
<s>反过来滋养滋润他自己受创的伤痕</s>
<time>451_00:23:01,320 --> 00:23:06,000</time>
<s>然而用眼泪去浇灌的伤口只会越来越痛</s>
<time>452_00:23:06,720 --> 00:23:10,680</time>
<s>这就是李商隐其实是非常缠绵侧</s>
<time>453_00:23:11,040 --> 00:23:14,640</time>
<s>非常哀感顽艳的很独特的一生</s>
<time>454_00:23:15,360 --> 00:23:20,760</time>
<s>就是这样用眼泪伴随终其一生的李商隐</s>
<time>455_00:23:21,480 --> 00:23:25,080</time>
<s>他也是全唐诗有五万首左右</s>
<time>456_00:23:25,440 --> 00:23:28,320</time>
<s>一共有2200多位诗人里</s>
<time>457_00:23:29,040 --> 00:23:32,280</time>
<s>他是唯三之一</s>
<time>458_00:23:33,000 --> 00:23:35,520</time>
<s>写出专题咏泪诗的诗人</s>
<time>459_00:23:37,320 --> 00:23:38,040</time>
<s>都在晚唐</s>
<time>460_00:23:38,400 --> 00:23:40,200</time>
<s>另外两个人一个是罗隐一个是徐影</s>
<time>461_00:23:40,560 --> 00:23:41,280</time>
<s>各位都没有听过</s>
<time>462_00:23:41,640 --> 00:23:42,000</time>
<s>不过没有关系</s>
<time>463_00:23:42,720 --> 00:23:44,880</time>
<s>在五万首中只有三首</s>
<time>464_00:23:45,600 --> 00:23:48,120</time>
<s>专门为眼泪打造的诗歌</s>
<time>465_00:23:48,480 --> 00:23:50,640</time>
<s>这是一个怎样的一种创作需要</s>
<time>466_00:23:51,360 --> 00:23:53,160</time>
<s>为什么他们这么热衷于眼泪</s>
<time>467_00:23:53,520 --> 00:23:57,120</time>
<s>于是把眼泪当作是一个主要刻画的对象</s>
<time>468_00:23:57,840 --> 00:24:00,000</time>
<s>整首诗集中全力</s>
<time>469_00:24:00,360 --> 00:24:03,240</time>
<s>聚焦在眼泪上去进行铺陈跟描述</s>
<time>470_00:24:03,960 --> 00:24:07,200</time>
<s>显然李商隐他太热爱眼泪</s>
<time>471_00:24:07,920 --> 00:24:11,160</time>
<s>或者是眼泪对他来讲可能是最切身</s>
<time>472_00:24:11,520 --> 00:24:15,480</time>
<s>也可以说是跟他最亲密的知己</s>
<time>473_00:24:16,200 --> 00:24:17,280</time>
<s>当他孤独的时候</s>
<time>474_00:24:17,640 --> 00:24:22,320</time>
<s>也只有眼泪是可以源源不断从胸流泻</s>
<time>475_00:24:22,680 --> 00:24:24,120</time>
<s>又反过来安慰自己</s>
<time>476_00:24:24,480 --> 00:24:26,280</time>
<s>这真的是一个非常悲炝的灵魂</s>
<time>477_00:24:27,000 --> 00:24:29,880</time>
<s>以至于他愿意为这样的眼泪</s>
<time>478_00:24:30,960 --> 00:24:35,280</time>
<s>以专题的诗歌来刻画它来歌咏它</s>
<time>479_00:24:35,640 --> 00:24:38,880</time>
<s>这首诗是一首律诗</s>
<time>480_00:24:39,240 --> 00:24:40,680</time>
<s>所以他其实用了六个典故</s>
<time>481_00:24:41,040 --> 00:24:43,560</time>
<s>这六个典故分别是古往今来</s>
<time>482_00:24:43,920 --> 00:24:46,440</time>
<s>六种会让人流泪的悲惨的处境</s>
<time>483_00:24:46,800 --> 00:24:50,400</time>
<s>而李商隐他觉得几乎每一种他都感同身受</s>
<time>484_00:24:50,760 --> 00:24:51,840</time>
<s>你就可想而知</s>
<time>485_00:24:52,200 --> 00:24:54,000</time>
<s>再加上最后那两句是他自己的感受</s>
<time>486_00:24:54,360 --> 00:24:55,080</time>
<s>总共七种</s>
<time>487_00:24:55,800 --> 00:24:58,680</time>
<s>七种悲惨的处境是他这么熟悉</s>
<time>488_00:24:59,040 --> 00:25:01,560</time>
<s>因此他把它集中聚焦在这么一首诗里面</s>
<time>489_00:25:02,280 --> 00:25:04,440</time>
<s>来热烈地反映</s>
<time>490_00:25:05,160 --> 00:25:05,880</time>
<s>可想而知</s>
<time>491_00:25:06,240 --> 00:25:09,120</time>
<s>李商隐的眼泪真的是一个很能够打动人</s>
<time>492_00:25:09,480 --> 00:25:10,920</time>
<s>但是也很可能</s>
<time>493_00:25:11,640 --> 00:25:14,160</time>
<s>他太沉浸在自己的眼泪里</s>
<time>494_00:25:15,600 --> 00:25:17,760</time>
<s>我为什么这样讲是有原因的</s>
<time>495_00:25:18,480 --> 00:25:19,200</time>
<s>且让我们看</s>
<time>496_00:25:20,280 --> 00:25:22,440</time>
<s>李商隐的眼泪他的核心</s>
<time>497_00:25:22,800 --> 00:25:25,680</time>
<s>其实比较是一种蚀骨的</s>
<time>498_00:25:26,040 --> 00:25:30,360</time>
<s>也是内耗的一种自怜乃至于自虐</s>
<time>499_00:25:31,080 --> 00:25:33,240</time>
<s>因为他沉浸在里面不肯自拔</s>
<time>500_00:25:33,600 --> 00:25:36,120</time>
<s>眼泪其实会带有一种腐蚀性</s>
<time>501_00:25:36,480 --> 00:25:39,360</time>
<s>以至于我们沉浸在眼泪里</s>
<time>502_00:25:39,720 --> 00:25:43,320</time>
<s>你不容易会产生出一种再往前走的力量</s>
<time>503_00:25:43,680 --> 00:25:46,920</time>
<s>但是如果我们回到另外一个诗人</s>
<time>504_00:25:47,280 --> 00:25:49,080</time>
<s>来看看他同样也流泪</s>
<time>505_00:25:49,800 --> 00:25:52,320</time>
<s>但是他的泪就会跟李商隐非常非常地不一样</s>
<time>506_00:25:52,680 --> 00:25:55,560</time>
<s>这个人就是陈子昂</s>
<time>507_00:25:56,280 --> 00:25:58,440</time>
<s>他的这一首诗也是大家很熟悉的</s>
<time>508_00:25:58,800 --> 00:26:00,240</time>
<s>就是《登幽州台歌》</s>
<time>509_00:26:00,960 --> 00:26:02,760</time>
<s>这也是大家耳熟能详的作品</s>
<time>510_00:26:03,120 --> 00:26:06,000</time>
<s>不过我希望借由很简短的一个说明</s>
<time>511_00:26:06,360 --> 00:26:07,440</time>
<s>让大家体会一下</s>
<time>512_00:26:07,800 --> 00:26:09,960</time>
<s>这一首诗之所以能够打动我们</s>
<time>513_00:26:10,320 --> 00:26:13,560</time>
<s>与李商隐是非常非常不一样的原因</s>
<time>514_00:26:14,280 --> 00:26:20,400</time>
<s>陈子昂的这一个给我们的启发跟感受</s>
<time>515_00:26:21,480 --> 00:26:24,720</time>
<s>刚好和李商隐是截然不同</s>
<time>516_00:26:25,440 --> 00:26:28,320</time>
<s>陈子昂他的眼泪给我们力量</s>
<time>517_00:26:29,760 --> 00:26:31,200</time>
<s>他的力量来自哪里呢</s>
<time>518_00:26:31,560 --> 00:26:31,920</time>
<s>各位请看</s>
<time>519_00:26:32,280 --> 00:26:34,440</time>
<s>前不见古人后不见来者</s>
<time>520_00:26:34,800 --> 00:26:35,520</time>
<s>讲的是“宙"</s>
<time>521_00:26:36,240 --> 00:26:37,320</time>
<s>就是“宇宙”的“宙”</s>
<time>522_00:26:37,680 --> 00:26:39,480</time>
<s>是时间的无穷无尽</s>
<time>523_00:26:40,200 --> 00:26:42,000</time>
<s>望不到初始点</s>
<time>524_00:26:42,360 --> 00:26:43,800</time>
<s>也看不到未来的尽头</s>
<time>525_00:26:44,160 --> 00:26:46,680</time>
<s>这是一个非常恢弘的一个视野</s>
<time>526_00:26:47,040 --> 00:26:49,920</time>
<s>至于“念天地之悠悠”</s>
<time>527_00:26:50,280 --> 00:26:52,080</time>
<s>这个是一个空间性的语词</s>
<time>528_00:26:52,440 --> 00:26:54,240</time>
<s>也就是“宇</s>
<time>529_00:26:54,960 --> 00:26:57,120</time>
<s>就是上下四方</s>
<time>530_00:26:57,480 --> 00:26:58,200</time>
<s>所以各位知道吗</s>
<time>531_00:26:58,920 --> 00:27:02,160</time>
<s>这一首诗我们会被它所鼓舞</s>
<time>532_00:27:02,880 --> 00:27:07,200</time>
<s>是因为它给了我们一个无限宽阔的宇宙</s>
<time>533_00:27:09,000 --> 00:27:10,440</time>
<s>视野投射到宇宙</s>
<time>534_00:27:10,800 --> 00:27:14,400</time>
<s>我们就不会只聚焦在个人的得失个人的悲喜</s>
<time>535_00:27:15,120 --> 00:27:19,080</time>
<s>以至于陈子昂的“独炝然而涕下”</s>
<time>536_00:27:19,440 --> 00:27:21,600</time>
<s>陈子昂在那么的孤独状况之下</s>
<time>537_00:27:21,960 --> 00:27:24,480</time>
<s>一个人独自登上了幽州台</s>
<time>538_00:27:25,200 --> 00:27:27,360</time>
<s>他流下了英雄之泪</s>
