<time>1_00:00:11,160 --> 00:00:15,120</time>
<s>我的长城故事可以追溯到半个世纪前</s>
<time>2_00:00:15,840 --> 00:00:19,440</time>
<s>看我的头发就知道了</s>
<time>3_00:00:21,600 --> 00:00:23,760</time>
<s>我来自英国</s>
<time>4_00:00:25,560 --> 00:00:31,320</time>
<s>今天想跟大家分享几个我在中国经历的</s>
<time>5_00:00:32,040 --> 00:00:34,920</time>
<s>我和长城的故事</s>
<time>6_00:00:35,640 --> 00:00:39,960</time>
<s>讲这些并不是想吹嘘我自己</s>
<time>7_00:00:40,320 --> 00:00:42,480</time>
<s>这些确实都是有关成功的故事</s>
<time>8_00:00:43,920 --> 00:00:47,880</time>
<s>但是我想要分享这些最主要的原因是</s>
<time>9_00:00:48,960 --> 00:00:52,920</time>
<s>它们是我向诸位提出一个请求的依据</s>
<time>10_00:00:54,000 --> 00:00:57,960</time>
<s>这个计划不仅对长城十分重要</s>
<time>11_00:00:58,680 --> 00:00:59,400</time>
<s>对整个中国也十分重要</s>
<time>12_00:01:00,120 --> 00:01:03,000</time>
<s>开讲之前你们已经看了很多照片</s>
<time>13_00:01:03,720 --> 00:01:05,160</time>
<s>还有一些影片</s>
<time>14_00:01:06,600 --> 00:01:07,320</time>
<s>这些都不是我拍的</s>
<time>15_00:01:08,040 --> 00:01:10,200</time>
<s>是我的家人拍的</s>
<time>16_00:01:10,920 --> 00:01:13,440</time>
<s>这是我们一家在八达岭长城上的合影</s>
<time>17_00:01:15,240 --> 00:01:19,200</time>
<s>边上的两个是我的儿子</s>
<time>18_00:01:19,560 --> 00:01:23,520</time>
<s>Jimmy在北京学习历史</s>
<time>19_00:01:24,600 --> 00:01:31,440</time>
<s>Tommy现在正在北大上学</s>
<time>20_00:01:32,520 --> 00:01:39,000</time>
<s>我们老早就听说过</s>
<time>21_00:01:39,720 --> 00:01:40,440</time>
<s>每一个伟大的男人背后都有一个伟大的女人</s>
<time>22_00:01:41,160 --> 00:01:44,040</time>
<s>这位就是我的真爱</s>
<time>23_00:01:44,400 --> 00:01:45,480</time>
<s>以及灵魂伴侣她叫吴琪</s>
<time>24_00:01:46,200 --> 00:01:50,520</time>
<s>我来自一个叫作沃勒西（英格兰西北部）的小镇</s>
<time>25_00:01:51,240 --> 00:01:52,680</time>
<s>它的名字里有个「墙』字</s>
<time>26_00:01:53,760 --> 00:01:57,360</time>
<s>当我还是个小男孩的时候我很喜欢地理</s>
<time>27_00:01:58,440 --> 00:02:03,480</time>
<s>我的第一位老师告诉我每个人的床边都应该放一本地图册</s>
<time>28_00:02:04,920 --> 00:02:11,040</time>
<s>我在51年前的1967年</s>
<time>29_00:02:11,760 --> 00:02:15,720</time>
<s>在中国地图上第一次看到了长城</s>
<time>30_00:02:16,440 --> 00:02:19,320</time>
<s>在我成长的过程中我经常想到长城</s>
<time>31_00:02:20,040 --> 00:02:24,720</time>
<s>我想要进行一场穿越长城的旅行</s>
<time>32_00:02:25,080 --> 00:02:29,400</time>
<s>当然在我的青少年和大学时期</s>
<time>33_00:02:30,120 --> 00:02:31,560</time>
<s>很多东西分散了我的注意力</s>
<time>34_00:02:32,280 --> 00:02:36,960</time>
<s>埃及动物地理女孩们</s>
<time>35_00:02:38,040 --> 00:02:41,640</time>
<s>但是1984年我又回到了正轨</s>
<time>36_00:02:42,720 --> 00:02:45,960</time>
<s>幸运的是我还热衷于跑步</s>
<time>37_00:02:47,040 --> 00:02:50,640</time>
<s>我认为每个想要在长城上取得成功的人</s>
<time>38_00:02:51,360 --> 00:02:56,400</time>
<s>都必须拥有健康的身体和较强的运动能力我很幸运地两者都有</s>
<time>39_00:02:57,480 --> 00:03:05,760</time>
<s>这是1984年的时候我在「百里长城（哈德良长城）</s>
<time>40_00:03:06,480 --> 00:03:09,720</time>
<s>英格兰北部绵延一百多里的长城</s>
<time>41_00:03:10,440 --> 00:03:16,920</time>
<s>就是在那里我又想起了中国的长城</s>
<time>42_00:03:18,720 --> 00:03:25,560</time>
<s>1986年我带着这个天真的野心来到了中国</s>
<time>43_00:03:26,280 --> 00:03:31,320</time>
<s>希望能够用几个月时间从长城的一端走到另一端</s>
<time>44_00:03:32,400 --> 00:03:34,560</time>
<s>我没有带任何帮助来但是我找到了帮助</s>
<time>45_00:03:36,000 --> 00:03:36,360</time>
<s>能认出我吗</s>
<time>46_00:03:39,240 --> 00:03:43,200</time>
<s>这是甘肃清水的一家人</s>
<time>47_00:03:43,920 --> 00:03:47,520</time>
<s>我的旅行并不仅仅是长途跋涉欣赏风景</s>
<time>48_00:03:47,880 --> 00:03:51,120</time>
<s>以及来自农民的欢迎</s>
<time>49_00:03:51,840 --> 00:03:55,800</time>
<s>还有来自政府的敌意</s>
<time>50_00:03:56,520 --> 00:03:57,240</time>
<s>也许你们都不知道</s>
<time>51_00:03:59,040 --> 00:04:04,080</time>
<s>1978年40年前中国开始改革</s>
<time>52_00:04:04,800 --> 00:04:10,560</time>
<s>而20世纪80年代中国的改革开放处于谨慎的实验性的阶段</s>
<time>53_00:04:11,280 --> 00:04:14,160</time>
<s>大部分地区不对外国人开放</s>
<time>54_00:04:14,880 --> 00:04:19,560</time>
<s>所以我在长城上的旅行是一次非法的旅行</s>
<time>55_00:04:20,640 --> 00:04:24,960</time>
<s>这是我的书</s>
<time>56_00:04:25,680 --> 00:04:30,360</time>
<s>里面记录了我19861987年的经历</s>
<time>57_00:04:31,440 --> 00:04:33,960</time>
<s>1986年是我在中国的学徒期</s>
<time>58_00:04:35,040 --> 00:04:38,280</time>
<s>经常失败但是取得了经验</s>
<time>59_00:04:39,000 --> 00:04:41,520</time>
<s>1987年我成功了</s>
<time>60_00:04:42,600 --> 00:04:49,080</time>
<s>沿着长城我走完了2470公里</s>
<time>61_00:04:50,160 --> 00:04:54,480</time>
<s>和农民们一起度过了60多个夜晚</s>
<time>62_00:04:56,280 --> 00:05:01,320</time>
<s>被警察抓住过9次</s>
<time>63_00:05:02,040 --> 00:05:03,120</time>
<s>我是怎么逃走的呢？</s>
<time>64_00:05:03,480 --> 00:05:05,640</time>
<s>我还记得在那个年代</s>
<time>65_00:05:06,360 --> 00:05:07,800</time>
<s>没有什么现代科技</s>
<time>66_00:05:08,160 --> 00:05:09,600</time>
<s>一切都是纸稿</s>
<time>67_00:05:09,960 --> 00:05:13,560</time>
<s>我要糊弄一些官员就很容易</s>
<time>68_00:05:13,920 --> 00:05:19,320</time>
<s>我必须承认人生中有这样一次逃亡经历是一件很让人兴奋的事情</s>
<time>69_00:05:20,040 --> 00:05:21,840</time>
<s>还有值得一提的就是</s>
<time>70_00:05:22,200 --> 00:05:26,160</time>
<s>我跟同一个女孩求了三次婚</s>
<time>71_00:05:27,960 --> 00:05:33,720</time>
<s>她帮我翻译农民在我日记里写的内容</s>
<time>72_00:05:34,440 --> 00:05:39,840</time>
<s>然后我们俩在英国成了明星</s>
<time>73_00:05:41,280 --> 00:05:51,000</time>
<s>这是1988年我在伦敦参加的一档非常受欢迎的电视访谈节目</s>
<time>74_00:05:51,720 --> 00:05:56,040</time>
<s>我们的旅程是一个非常自然的过程</s>
<time>75_00:05:56,400 --> 00:06:01,080</time>
<s>由一本地图册开始看到中国的地图看到长城</s>
<time>76_00:06:02,160 --> 00:06:07,560</time>
<s>然后我们意识到我们的未来会是在中国</s>
<time>77_00:06:08,280 --> 00:06:12,600</time>
<s>所以和妻子结婚之后我们就一起回到中国</s>
<time>78_00:06:12,960 --> 00:06:16,200</time>
<s>我在中国的二个学校当老师</s>
<time>79_00:06:16,920 --> 00:06:20,880</time>
<s>后来是《中国日报》的编辑</s>
<time>80_00:06:21,960 --> 00:06:28,080</time>
<s>周末假期在所有的空闲时间我都会去长城</s>
<time>81_00:06:28,800 --> 00:06:30,240</time>
<s>现在如果去长城的话你们都怎么去</s>
<time>82_00:06:30,600 --> 00:06:31,320</time>
<s>都是开车去</s>
<time>83_00:06:32,040 --> 00:06:35,640</time>
<s>但是在九十年代没有私家车</s>
<time>84_00:06:36,000 --> 00:06:38,520</time>
<s>如果坐公车要倒四趟车</s>
<time>85_00:06:39,240 --> 00:06:45,360</time>
<s>所以我觉得最好的到延庆怀柔密云这些地方去的方法</s>
<time>86_00:06:45,720 --> 00:06:46,800</time>
<s>就是骑车去</s>
<time>87_00:06:47,880 --> 00:06:49,320</time>
<s>我有一些很棒的骑行经历</s>
<time>88_00:06:50,400 --> 00:06:54,000</time>
<s>这是我的长城黄金时代</s>
<time>89_00:06:54,360 --> 00:06:59,760</time>
<s>我不用再担心是否会遇到警察</s>
<time>90_00:07:00,480 --> 00:07:03,720</time>
<s>我可以真正的享受长城美妙的风景</s>
<time>91_00:07:04,080 --> 00:07:09,480</time>
<s>它们大多都在北京以北骑行几小时而已</s>
<time>92_00:07:09,840 --> 00:07:11,280</time>
<s>不过这张照片是在宁夏</s>
<time>93_00:07:12,360 --> 00:07:17,040</time>
<s>二十世纪九十年代的这几年对我来说寸分重要</s>
<time>94_00:07:18,120 --> 00:07:22,080</time>
<s>因为我对长城有了一个清楚的认识</s>
<time>95_00:07:23,160 --> 00:07:25,680</time>
<s>我意识到它不仅仅是一个建筑</s>
<time>96_00:07:26,760 --> 00:07:29,640</time>
<s>它同时也是美丽的景观</s>
<time>97_00:07:31,080 --> 00:07:37,560</time>
<s>而且大多数长城不是旅游景点</s>
<time>98_00:07:38,280 --> 00:07:41,160</time>
<s>八达岭慕田峪山海关嘉峪关</s>
<time>99_00:07:41,880 --> 00:07:44,760</time>
<s>绝大数的长城是在野外的没有被精心修的城墙</s>
<time>100_00:07:45,840 --> 00:07:49,440</time>
<s>也正是在此时当我在《中国日报》工作的时候</s>
<time>101_00:07:49,800 --> 00:07:51,960</time>
<s>我的一个同事对我说</s>
<time>102_00:07:52,320 --> 00:07:55,920</time>
<s>威廉太无聊了每个周末都去长城</s>
<time>103_00:07:56,280 --> 00:07:59,160</time>
<s>我们北京人都是能不去就不去</s>
<time>104_00:08:00,240 --> 00:08:03,840</time>
<s>然后我说我去看的长城都特别美</s>
<time>105_00:08:04,200 --> 00:08:08,160</time>
<s>给你们看照片</s>
<time>106_00:08:09,240 --> 00:08:11,400</time>
<s>同事们就聚在一起然后说</s>
<time>107_00:08:11,760 --> 00:08:16,080</time>
<s>这些长城都垮了上面还有好多杂草</s>
<time>108_00:08:17,160 --> 00:08:18,240</time>
<s>它需要修了</s>
<time>109_00:08:19,320 --> 00:08:22,920</time>
<s>我说是的这些都是在野外的城墙</s>
<time>110_00:08:24,000 --> 00:08:27,600</time>
<s>最近几年出现了一个专门的词形容这些城墙</s>
<time>111_00:08:28,320 --> 00:08:32,280</time>
<s>中文对应的词叫作「野长城」</s>
<time>112_00:08:33,720 --> 00:08:41,280</time>
<s>在1991年的时候有位女士给我写了一封很重要的信</s>
<time>113_00:08:42,000 --> 00:08:47,400</time>
<s>这封信将这些长城的照片</s>
<time>114_00:08:48,120 --> 00:08:52,080</time>
<s>提上了中国文物保护的日程</s>
<time>115_00:08:52,440 --> 00:08:53,160</time>
<s>这位给我写信的女士是谁</s>
<time>116_00:08:53,880 --> 00:08:56,040</time>
<s>她叫玛乔丽</s>
<time>117_00:08:56,400 --> 00:09:00,360</time>
<s>她在电台节目里听到我和我的书</s>
<time>118_00:09:01,080 --> 00:09:05,040</time>
<s>她说她那儿有一本叫作TheGreatWall ofChina的书</s>
<time>119_00:09:05,760 --> 00:09:08,640</time>
<s>一个美国人写的发表于1909年</s>
<time>120_00:09:09,360 --> 00:09:14,040</time>
<s>书里有很多令人印象深刻的照片我想把它们发给你</s>
<time>121_00:09:14,760 --> 00:09:17,280</time>
<s>她把书寄给我了我打开一看</s>
<time>122_00:09:18,000 --> 00:09:19,080</time>
<s>我的心沉下去了</s>
<time>123_00:09:20,160 --> 00:09:24,120</time>
<s>我一直以为我是第一个我是征服者威廉</s>
<time>124_00:09:24,480 --> 00:09:27,000</time>
<s>但其实我是第二个</s>
<time>125_00:09:27,720 --> 00:09:32,040</time>
<s>威廉·盖洛的书比我早了八十年</s>
<time>126_00:09:33,120 --> 00:09:39,960</time>
<s>它才是全球范围内记载关于中国长城的第一本书</s>
<time>127_00:09:40,680 --> 00:09:45,720</time>
<s>我认为这是给中国的一个礼物为什么呢</s>
<time>128_00:09:47,160 --> 00:09:51,840</time>
<s>因为在这本书里我发现了一张照片</s>
<time>129_00:09:52,560 --> 00:09:53,640</time>
<s>特别令人震撼</s>
<time>130_00:09:55,080 --> 00:10:00,840</time>
<s>1908年威廉·盖洛在中国的长城上的照片还是个黑白照片</s>
<time>131_00:10:01,560 --> 00:10:08,040</time>
<s>在我的书里1987年我在长城上行走的彩色照片</s>
<time>132_00:10:08,400 --> 00:10:13,440</time>
<s>我身后的敌楼消失了为什么呢</s>
<time>133_00:10:14,520 --> 00:10:20,640</time>
<s>这个故事应该叫两个威廉的长城</s>
<time>134_00:10:21,360 --> 00:10:25,680</time>
<s>威廉·盖洛和我进行了一联合之旅</s>
<time>135_00:10:26,760 --> 00:10:33,600</time>
<s>在这趟旅程里看见现在和过去的长城是怎样的</s>
<time>136_00:10:34,320 --> 00:10:37,920</time>
<s>我们不仅仅是出于好奇而去做这件事情</s>
<time>137_00:10:39,000 --> 00:10:43,320</time>
<s>我们是想要像中国人传递一些信息</s>
<time>138_00:10:43,680 --> 00:10:46,920</time>
<s>没有比壮丽的河北插箭岭长城敌台的消失</s>
<time>139_00:10:47,280 --> 00:10:52,680</time>
<s>更让人楸心的例子了</s>
<time>140_00:10:53,760 --> 00:10:54,840</time>
<s>你们可以自己看看</s>
<time>141_00:10:55,200 --> 00:10:58,080</time>
<s>不需要说太多的语言解释</s>
<time>142_00:10:59,520 --> 00:11:02,760</time>
<s>但是那是一段奇妙的旅程</s>
<time>143_00:11:03,120 --> 00:11:04,560</time>
<s>有一件事情我一直想不通</s>
<time>144_00:11:06,000 --> 00:11:09,960</time>
<s>威廉·盖洛作为第一个探索长城的外国人</s>
<time>145_00:11:10,680 --> 00:11:13,560</time>
<s>第一本关于长城的书的作者</s>
<time>146_00:11:14,280 --> 00:11:19,320</time>
<s>为什么他在美国不出名</s>
<time>147_00:11:20,760 --> 00:11:25,080</time>
<s>在北京长城圈的人都知道他</s>
<time>148_00:11:25,800 --> 00:11:28,320</time>
<s>但是在美国在他家乡多埃斯顿</s>
<time>149_00:11:29,040 --> 00:11:30,480</time>
<s>我问街上的行人</s>
<time>150_00:11:30,840 --> 00:11:31,560</time>
<s>你认识威廉·盖洛吗</s>
<time>151_00:11:32,640 --> 00:11:33,000</time>
<s>他们都不知道</s>
<time>152_00:11:35,520 --> 00:11:39,840</time>
<s>但是当你看到他在美国的住处的时候</s>
<time>153_00:11:40,560 --> 00:11:44,160</time>
<s>你可能不会关注到草坪还有漂亮的窗户</s>
<time>154_00:11:44,520 --> 00:11:50,280</time>
<s>然而你会被镶嵌在房子外部的汉字吸引</s>
<time>155_00:11:51,000 --> 00:11:57,840</time>
<s>你会觉得我在嘉峪关看到过这个「天下雄关』</s>
<time>156_00:11:58,200 --> 00:12:00,360</time>
<s>或者是在山海关看到过</s>
<time>157_00:12:00,720 --> 00:12:05,400</time>
<s>这就是第一位长城探险者威廉的居所</s>
<time>158_00:12:06,120 --> 00:12:09,360</time>
<s>这是他的孙子们</s>
<time>159_00:12:10,080 --> 00:12:11,880</time>
<s>我自己的发表的书</s>
<time>160_00:12:12,240 --> 00:12:19,440</time>
<s>还有玛乔丽送我的书</s>
<time>161_00:12:20,160 --> 00:12:22,680</time>
<s>我都把它们带来这个威廉·盖洛出生的小镇了</s>
<time>162_00:12:23,760 --> 00:12:26,640</time>
<s>我把它们放在他的墓前说</s>
<time>163_00:12:27,360 --> 00:12:30,600</time>
<s>亲爱的威廉感谢你成为我的老师</s>
<time>164_00:12:31,680 --> 00:12:34,920</time>
<s>谢谢你送给中国的礼物</s>
<time>165_00:12:36,000 --> 00:12:38,880</time>
<s>下二个故事</s>
<time>166_00:12:40,680 --> 00:12:45,000</time>
<s>我觉得是一个打破框架思维的例子</s>
<time>167_00:12:45,720 --> 00:12:49,320</time>
<s>这个故事也是由一本地图册开始的</s>
<time>168_00:12:50,040 --> 00:12:51,480</time>
<s>这本成吉思汗地图集</s>
<time>169_00:12:51,840 --> 00:13:01,200</time>
<s>它促使我和我的家人们开始了几段旅程</s>
<time>170_00:13:02,640 --> 00:13:05,520</time>
<s>它们北京机场出发</s>
<time>171_00:13:05,880 --> 00:13:08,040</time>
<s>我记得当我从出租车里出来的时候</s>
<time>172_00:13:08,760 --> 00:13:09,840</time>
<s>一个人冲过来对我说</s>
<time>173_00:13:10,200 --> 00:13:11,280</time>
<s>你是威廉你是威廉</s>
<time>174_00:13:11,640 --> 00:13:14,880</time>
<s>我在电视上看到你在长城上捡垃圾</s>
<time>175_00:13:15,600 --> 00:13:16,680</time>
<s>能跟你合影吗</s>
<time>176_00:13:17,040 --> 00:13:17,760</time>
<s>于是我们合影了</s>
<time>177_00:13:18,120 --> 00:13:18,840</time>
<s>他问我要去哪里</s>
<time>178_00:13:19,560 --> 00:13:23,520</time>
<s>我说要去蒙古国找长城</s>
<time>179_00:13:24,600 --> 00:13:24,960</time>
<s>他一头雾水</s>
<time>180_00:13:27,120 --> 00:13:31,800</time>
<s>在成吉思汗地图集里我注意到这幅地图</s>
<time>181_00:13:32,160 --> 00:13:36,840</time>
<s>大家可以看到长城北部的边境是这道微微弯曲的线条</s>
<time>182_00:13:37,200 --> 00:13:40,080</time>
<s>南部的边境则由画线器勾勒了出来。</s>
<time>183_00:13:40,800 --> 00:13:42,960</time>
<s>城墙在地图上似乎并没有交</s>
<time>184_00:13:43,680 --> 00:13:48,360</time>
<s>想要真正了解那里发生过什么的方法</s>
<time>185_00:13:49,080 --> 00:13:51,240</time>
<s>就是亲自去那里一趟找出答案</s>
<time>186_00:13:52,320 --> 00:13:55,560</time>
<s>谷歌地图和一些史料记载都挺好的</s>
<time>187_00:13:55,920 --> 00:13:57,720</time>
<s>但是田野调查也十分重要</s>
<time>188_00:13:58,080 --> 00:14:02,400</time>
<s>在长城上进行实地考察十分的危险</s>
<time>189_00:14:03,840 --> 00:14:06,720</time>
<s>比如明长城就是在山野之中</s>
<time>190_00:14:07,080 --> 00:14:10,320</time>
<s>因此每年都有很多人在山里受伤</s>
<time>191_00:14:10,680 --> 00:14:16,800</time>
<s>我认为所有长城中最危险的环境是戈壁滩</s>
<time>192_00:14:17,520 --> 00:14:19,680</time>
<s>我曾经就在戈壁中遭遇过险境</s>
<time>193_00:14:20,760 --> 00:14:23,640</time>
<s>所以在这次探险中我十分小心</s>
<time>194_00:14:24,360 --> 00:14:27,960</time>
<s>准备了充足的水充足的钱充足的汽油</s>
<time>195_00:14:28,680 --> 00:14:31,200</time>
<s>为了去到戈壁滩最宽阔的边缘地带</s>
<time>196_00:14:32,280 --> 00:14:36,600</time>
<s>去寻找所谓的成吉思汗长城</s>
<time>197_00:14:37,320 --> 00:14:38,040</time>
<s>我们找到了</s>
<time>198_00:14:38,760 --> 00:14:41,280</time>
<s>这城墙没有十分令人印象深刻</s>
<time>199_00:14:41,640 --> 00:14:46,320</time>
<s>但是这个城墙是用土和木头做成的</s>
<time>200_00:14:47,040 --> 00:14:48,480</time>
<s>因为它是用木头做的</s>
<time>201_00:14:49,560 --> 00:14:56,040</time>
<s>我就能够根据碳同位素14来推测它的年份</s>
<time>202_00:14:57,120 --> 00:15:05,040</time>
<s>事实证明这座墙的历史可以追溯到西夏王朝</s>
<time>203_00:15:06,120 --> 00:15:13,320</time>
<s>很多人都不相信在西夏时期人们能有能力建造这么长的城墙</s>
<time>204_00:15:14,040 --> 00:15:19,080</time>
<s>但是我的田野调查为这一理论增添了有力凭证</s>
<time>205_00:15:20,880 --> 00:15:27,360</time>
<s>这是一趟经过了戈壁和草原的精彩旅程</s>
<time>206_00:15:28,440 --> 00:15:32,760</time>
<s>同时也吸引了世界范围内的很多关注</s>
<time>207_00:15:33,480 --> 00:15:35,280</time>
<s>在美国《国家地理杂志》</s>
<time>208_00:15:35,640 --> 00:15:38,880</time>
<s>这是当周阅读量最高的文章</s>
<time>209_00:15:39,240 --> 00:15:46,080</time>
<s>全世界都在赞颂中国的长城</s>
<time>210_00:15:46,440 --> 00:15:49,320</time>
<s>不得不让你们再次面对地理</s>
<time>211_00:15:50,040 --> 00:15:51,840</time>
<s>92°E10这是张蒙古地图（＇116＇E</s>
<time>212_00:15:52,560 --> 00:15:58,680</time>
<s>92E成吉思汗城墙分布在这张地图。</s><s>上的好几个地方116·E</s>
<time>213_00:15:59,760 --> 00:16:04,800</time>
<s>所以要了解这些城墙需要不止一次考察</s>
<time>214_00:16:05,520 --> 00:16:06,240</time>
<s>还需要再去一次</s>
<time>215_00:16:07,320 --> 00:16:13,080</time>
<s>我去辽阔的东部草原进行了一次探险</s>
<time>216_00:16:14,520 --> 00:16:15,240</time>
<s>美丽的风景</s>
<time>217_00:16:15,960 --> 00:16:17,040</time>
<s>但是特别平坦</s>
<time>218_00:16:17,760 --> 00:16:22,080</time>
<s>这是我站在长城上的照片</s>
<time>219_00:16:23,160 --> 00:16:24,240</time>
<s>很不起眼是吧</s>
<time>220_00:16:24,960 --> 00:16:25,680</time>
<s>这是长城吗</s>
<time>221_00:16:26,400 --> 00:16:28,200</time>
<s>它配得上「伟大」这个形容词吗</s>
<time>222_00:16:28,920 --> 00:16:30,360</time>
<s>它就只是一条模糊的线</s>
<time>223_00:16:31,440 --> 00:16:33,960</time>
<s>如果在没有阳光的时候去那儿</s>
<time>224_00:16:34,680 --> 00:16:37,200</time>
<s>你会以为这里根本什么都没有</s>
<time>225_00:16:39,000 --> 00:16:40,800</time>
<s>我们走完了它测量了它</s>
<time>226_00:16:41,880 --> 00:16:46,920</time>
<s>我认为我必须带着更好的设备回到这里</s>
<time>227_00:16:48,000 --> 00:16:51,960</time>
<s>去证明或者去反驳一个理论</s>
<time>228_00:16:52,320 --> 00:16:57,720</time>
<s>它是一个关于蒙古秘史的线索</s>
<time>229_00:16:58,440 --> 00:17:04,200</time>
<s>据文献记载成吉思汗的继任者窝阔台曾说</s>
<time>230_00:17:04,560 --> 00:17:10,320</time>
<s>我建造这座带有木桩的城墙</s>
<time>231_00:17:11,400 --> 00:17:14,280</time>
<s>是为了阻止羚羊的迁徙</s>
<time>232_00:17:15,000 --> 00:17:22,200</time>
<s>所以我回到这里试图寻找证据</s>
<time>233_00:17:22,560 --> 00:17:25,080</time>
<s>证明这些墙不是用作军事防御</s>
<time>234_00:17:26,160 --> 00:17:31,200</time>
<s>而是为了资源保护</s>
<time>235_00:17:32,280 --> 00:17:34,440</time>
<s>把羚羊留在大汗的土地上</s>
<time>236_00:17:35,160 --> 00:17:39,120</time>
<s>这张照片就是证据</s>
<time>237_00:17:39,840 --> 00:17:42,000</time>
<s>你可以看到城墙模糊的线条</s>
<time>238_00:17:42,720 --> 00:17:44,160</time>
<s>可以看到车轮的痕迹</s>
<time>239_00:17:45,240 --> 00:17:46,320</time>
<s>可以看到羚羊</s>
<time>240_00:17:47,040 --> 00:17:48,840</time>
<s>这是我们用无人机航拍拍到的</s>
<time>241_00:17:49,920 --> 00:17:55,680</time>
<s>一群羚羊正在跑过这片土地</s>
<time>242_00:17:56,400 --> 00:18:00,360</time>
<s>它们看起来都很健康快乐充满活力</s>
<time>243_00:18:01,080 --> 00:18:03,240</time>
<s>感谢我的蒙古朋友们</s>
<time>244_00:18:03,960 --> 00:18:05,040</time>
<s>我们创造了一个新词儿</s>
<time>245_00:18:05,760 --> 00:18:06,120</time>
<s>这个城墙应该叫什么名字</s>
<time>246_00:18:06,840 --> 00:18:07,920</time>
<s>叫「成吉思汗长城』吗</s>
<time>247_00:18:08,280 --> 00:18:12,960</time>
<s>大家都知道成吉思汗没有一直待在家里建设这些城墙</s>
<time>248_00:18:13,320 --> 00:18:15,120</time>
<s>他一直在南征北战</s>
<time>249_00:18:15,840 --> 00:18:21,240</time>
<s>所以我把这个城墙叫作中国境外的长城</s>
<time>250_00:18:22,320 --> 00:18:25,560</time>
<s>这也促成我的另一次旅程</s>
<time>251_00:18:26,640 --> 00:18:30,240</time>
<s>随着我去蒙古的次数越来越多</s>
<time>252_00:18:30,600 --> 00:18:31,680</time>
<s>我突然意识到</s>
<time>253_00:18:33,840 --> 00:18:39,240</time>
<s>怎么能只在一边研究长城呢</s>
<time>254_00:18:40,680 --> 00:18:44,280</time>
<s>二十年来我一直都在中国</s>
<time>255_00:18:44,640 --> 00:18:46,440</time>
<s>往长城北边跳望</s>
<time>256_00:18:46,800 --> 00:18:51,480</time>
<s>幻想长城另一边的人们那些敌人那些坏人</s>
<time>257_00:18:52,200 --> 00:18:56,520</time>
<s>我从没想过我应该去那里了解他们的生活</s>
<time>258_00:18:57,600 --> 00:19:01,560</time>
<s>我应该去经历他们的苦难他们的气候</s>
<time>259_00:19:02,280 --> 00:19:05,160</time>
<s>去看他们所在地方的风景有多遥远</s>
<time>260_00:19:06,240 --> 00:19:13,440</time>
<s>去找寻一些能够讲述长城故事缺失的部分的事物</s>
<time>261_00:19:15,240 --> 00:19:18,840</time>
<s>我在伦敦在美国</s>
<time>262_00:19:19,560 --> 00:19:22,080</time>
<s>在梵蒂冈在巴黎都见到过很多有趣的东西</s>
<time>263_00:19:23,160 --> 00:19:29,280</time>
<s>所以我想我为什么不离开长城的废墟</s>
<time>264_00:19:30,360 --> 00:19:36,480</time>
<s>用两年的时间专注跟长城有关的50件文物</s>
<time>265_00:19:37,200 --> 00:19:44,400</time>
<s>通过它们来了解长城故事的一些特殊篇章</s>
<time>266_00:19:45,120 --> 00:19:49,080</time>
<s>所以又一次愉快的旅程开始了</s>
<time>267_00:19:50,160 --> 00:19:53,040</time>
<s>我把它叫作与长城有关的50件文物</s>
<time>268_00:19:53,760 --> 00:19:58,080</time>
<s>和之前一样这也不是我独自完成的</s>
<time>269_00:19:58,800 --> 00:20:00,960</time>
<s>这是王雪农教授</s>
<time>270_00:20:01,680 --> 00:20:05,280</time>
<s>山海关长城博物馆的原馆长</s>
<time>271_00:20:06,000 --> 00:20:11,760</time>
<s>这是我们在我的书房中我在北京的小小「长城」</s>
<time>272_00:20:12,840 --> 00:20:15,720</time>
<s>有地图有照片有绘画</s>
<time>273_00:20:16,440 --> 00:20:22,200</time>
<s>我们会决定将哪些文物放在这项研究里</s>
<time>274_00:20:23,640 --> 00:20:24,360</time>
<s>会有很多的地图</s>
<time>275_00:20:25,800 --> 00:20:28,680</time>
<s>为什么会有很多地图因为我是个地理学家</s>
<time>276_00:20:29,400 --> 00:20:36,960</time>
<s>欧洲人最初也是通过地图</s>
<time>277_00:20:37,320 --> 00:20:38,400</time>
<s>才了解到中国的长城这个伟大的建筑</s>
<time>278_00:20:39,120 --> 00:20:44,160</time>
<s>这是世界上第一份世界地图</s>
<time>279_00:20:44,520 --> 00:20:46,320</time>
<s>可以追溯到1584年</s>
<time>280_00:20:47,400 --> 00:20:54,240</time>
<s>这是在安特卫普工作的亚伯拉罕·奥特柳斯的杰作</s>
<time>281_00:20:54,960 --> 00:20:59,280</time>
<s>这是侧过来的中国地图</s>
<time>282_00:21:00,360 --> 00:21:02,520</time>
<s>能够看出中国的形状吗</s>
<time>283_00:21:04,320 --> 00:21:05,760</time>
<s>#我们把它放大到城墙</s>
<time>284_00:21:06,840 --> 00:21:11,880</time>
<s>可以看到红色的方块沿着山脉弯曲</s>
<time>285_00:21:12,240 --> 00:21:13,680</time>
<s>这其实是一个拉丁语的句子</s>
<time>286_00:21:14,400 --> 00:21:18,000</time>
<s>告诉那些富裕的欧洲人</s>
<time>287_00:21:19,080 --> 00:21:25,920</time>
<s>中国有一个很长的很传奇的墙</s>
<time>288_00:21:27,720 --> 00:21:31,680</time>
<s>在中国蒙古和世界各地</s>
<time>289_00:21:32,040 --> 00:21:34,200</time>
<s>还有很多其他的文物</s>
<time>290_00:21:34,560 --> 00:21:36,720</time>
<s>在等我去分析它们</s>
<time>291_00:21:37,440 --> 00:21:40,320</time>
<s>有一些东西在长城边上被找到</s>
<time>292_00:21:40,680 --> 00:21:41,400</time>
<s>你们知道这些东西是什么吗</s>
<time>293_00:21:43,920 --> 00:21:44,640</time>
<s>用中文讲</s>
<time>294_00:21:45,360 --> 00:21:47,160</time>
<s>石炮地雷</s>
<time>295_00:21:47,880 --> 00:21:48,960</time>
<s>中文叫石炮地雷</s>
<time>296_00:21:49,320 --> 00:21:52,200</time>
<s>是的这很矛盾</s>
<time>297_00:21:52,560 --> 00:21:53,640</time>
<s>长城确实是美丽的</s>
<time>298_00:21:54,000 --> 00:21:56,880</time>
<s>但是别忘了这也是战争地带</s>
<time>299_00:21:57,240 --> 00:21:58,320</time>
<s>什么是武器</s>
<time>300_00:21:59,400 --> 00:22:02,280</time>
<s>武器制造者可以告诉我们</s>
<time>301_00:22:03,720 --> 00:22:07,680</time>
<s>这是杨福喜</s>
<time>302_00:22:08,400 --> 00:22:11,640</time>
<s>住在燕郊离北京四十公里</s>
<time>303_00:22:12,360 --> 00:22:15,960</time>
<s>他是中国现存的会做弓箭的人之一</s>
<time>304_00:22:17,040 --> 00:22:19,560</time>
<s>他还会做</s>
<time>305_00:22:19,920 --> 00:22:26,040</time>
<s>在中国古代的战争里弩是决定性武器</s>
<time>306_00:22:26,760 --> 00:22:31,080</time>
<s>在长城以外是北方的游牧民族</s>
<time>307_00:22:31,440 --> 00:22:36,480</time>
<s>不管是匈奴鲜卑还是蒙古满族</s>
<time>308_00:22:37,200 --> 00:22:42,600</time>
<s>他们都有超强的骑马和射箭技能</s>
<time>309_00:22:43,320 --> 00:22:48,720</time>
<s>总是会给汉人制造麻烦</s>
<time>310_00:22:49,440 --> 00:22:52,320</time>
<s>这是巴蒙克先生</s>
<time>311_00:22:53,040 --> 00:22:55,200</time>
<s>也是蒙古最后的会做弓箭的匠人</s>
<time>312_00:22:55,920 --> 00:22:59,520</time>
<s>他做的是游牧用的弓</s>
<time>313_00:22:59,880 --> 00:23:02,400</time>
<s>在草原上给我们展示他做的弓箭</s>
<time>314_00:23:03,480 --> 00:23:12,840</time>
<s>正是这些马背上的弓箭手迫使中国人修建长城的</s>
<time>315_00:23:13,920 --> 00:23:20,760</time>
<s>这是世界上第一支骑兵起源于中亚的证据</s>
<time>316_00:23:21,120 --> 00:23:22,920</time>
<s>在这个青铜镜的背面，</s>
<time>317_00:23:23,280 --> 00:23:26,160</time>
<s>我们能看到两个正在打斗的战士</s>
<time>318_00:23:26,880 --> 00:23:29,760</time>
<s>一个拿着弓和箭一个拿着盾牌</s>
<time>319_00:23:31,200 --> 00:23:36,240</time>
<s>关于长城文物的搜寻把我带去了世界各地</s>
<time>320_00:23:36,960 --> 00:23:38,400</time>
<s>包括大英图书馆</s>
<time>321_00:23:38,760 --> 00:23:43,440</time>
<s>接下来的故事不仅仅与长城有关</s>
<time>322_00:23:43,800 --> 00:23:48,840</time>
<s>还与中国与西方世界的关系有关</s>
<time>323_00:23:49,200 --> 00:23:54,960</time>
<s>1793年英国的马嘎尔尼伯爵来到中国</s>
<time>324_00:23:55,680 --> 00:24:00,000</time>
<s>来拜访乾隆</s>
<time>325_00:24:00,720 --> 00:24:02,520</time>
<s>来这的英国人说</s>
<time>326_00:24:02,880 --> 00:24:03,960</time>
<s>我们想要和你们做生意</s>
<time>327_00:24:05,040 --> 00:24:08,640</time>
<s>他们并不是来观光的</s>
<time>328_00:24:09,360 --> 00:24:10,800</time>
<s>也不是来看长城的</s>
<time>329_00:24:11,520 --> 00:24:16,560</time>
<s>但是因为乾隆正在承德避暑</s>
<time>330_00:24:17,280 --> 00:24:18,000</time>
<s>他们就前往承德</s>
<time>331_00:24:18,720 --> 00:24:22,320</time>
<s>路上他们来到了古北口</s>
<time>332_00:24:23,400 --> 00:24:27,360</time>
<s>随行的画家把所见都画下来了</s>
<time>333_00:24:28,080 --> 00:24:30,600</time>
<s>这幅壮丽的素描非常的生动</s>
<time>334_00:24:31,680 --> 00:24:39,240</time>
<s>这幅画成了风靡欧美的长城印刷品的模板</s>
<time>335_00:24:39,600 --> 00:24:42,120</time>
<s>在照相机发明以前</s>
<time>336_00:24:42,840 --> 00:24:44,640</time>
<s>它是长城最标准的形象</s>
<time>337_00:24:45,720 --> 00:24:47,160</time>
<s>更重要的是</s>
<time>338_00:24:48,240 --> 00:24:52,200</time>
<s>画长城的画家威廉·帕里什</s>
<time>339_00:24:52,920 --> 00:24:56,160</time>
<s>他没有为长城的壮观和庞大而畏缩</s>
<time>340_00:24:57,600 --> 00:25:01,920</time>
<s>毕竟大家都说长城的建材比大英帝国所有的加起来都要多</s>
<time>341_00:25:02,280 --> 00:25:05,520</time>
<s>并没有威廉·帕里什关注的是细节</s>
<time>342_00:25:06,240 --> 00:25:10,200</time>
<s>他用卷尺丈量了城墙的长度</s>
<time>343_00:25:11,280 --> 00:25:14,160</time>
<s>然后留下了这些宝贵的研究资料</s>
<time>344_00:25:14,880 --> 00:25:17,040</time>
<s>这就是长城与50件文物</s>
<time>345_00:25:17,760 --> 00:25:21,000</time>
<s>现在到了2016年</s>
<time>346_00:25:21,720 --> 00:25:25,680</time>
<s>这是我为了长城来中国第30个年头</s>
<time>347_00:25:26,040 --> 00:25:29,280</time>
<s>现在是庆祝和实现梦想的时候了</s>
<time>348_00:25:29,640 --> 00:25:32,880</time>
<s>每次我在休息的时候</s>
<time>349_00:25:33,600 --> 00:25:37,920</time>
<s>我看着天上的云就会思考它们能看到什么呢</s>
<time>350_00:25:38,280 --> 00:25:41,520</time>
<s>感谢现代科技</s>
<time>351_00:25:42,240 --> 00:25:44,760</time>
<s>可以让我们俯瞰长城</s>
<time>352_00:25:45,480 --> 00:25:48,360</time>
<s>这是一次非常愉悦的家庭旅行</s>
<time>353_00:25:49,080 --> 00:25:51,600</time>
<s>站着这个是汤米今年16岁</s>
<time>354_00:25:51,960 --> 00:25:54,480</time>
<s>这是杰米21岁</s>
<time>355_00:25:55,200 --> 00:26:02,400</time>
<s>我们沿着长城旅行了60天</s>
<time>356_00:26:03,120 --> 00:26:08,520</time>
<s>在尽可能多的位置从空中拍摄长城</s>
<time>357_00:26:08,880 --> 00:26:13,200</time>
<s>我们在不同地方都感受到了长城的壮美在山上</s>
<time>358_00:26:13,920 --> 00:26:15,000</time>
<s>在黄海</s>
<time>359_00:26:16,080 --> 00:26:17,160</time>
<s>在跨越黄河的途中</s>
<time>360_00:26:17,880 --> 00:26:20,040</time>
<s>在穿越沙漠的途中</s>
<time>361_00:26:20,760 --> 00:26:25,440</time>
<s>最后我们又去了一次蒙古</s>
<time>362_00:26:26,160 --> 00:26:30,840</time>
<s>去看那白天看起来不值一提的城墙</s>
<time>363_00:26:31,200 --> 00:26:34,440</time>
<s>但在黄昏的时候却异常美丽</s>
<time>364_00:26:35,160 --> 00:26:37,680</time>
<s>这是一次非常成功的旅行</s>
<time>365_00:26:39,120 --> 00:26:44,520</time>
<s>BBC转播了关于这次旅行的新闻</s>
<time>366_00:26:45,960 --> 00:26:49,920</time>
<s>这成了BBC上观看人数最多的新闻</s>
<time>367_00:26:51,000 --> 00:26:53,880</time>
<s>这也向世界展示了</s>
<time>368_00:26:54,960 --> 00:26:59,640</time>
<s>中国的长城是独一无二的</s>
<time>369_00:27:00,360 --> 00:27:07,920</time>
<s>昨天晚上央视播放了一个五十分钟的纪录片「飞越长城」</s>
<time>370_00:27:08,640 --> 00:27:10,800</time>
<s>然而</s>
<time>371_00:27:11,520 --> 00:27:17,280</time>
<s>今天我在这里不是要讲我的种种成就</s>
<time>372_00:27:18,000 --> 00:27:22,320</time>
<s>也不是要讲长城有多美</s>
<time>373_00:27:22,680 --> 00:27:26,280</time>
<s>中国的古人们有多天才</s>
<time>374_00:27:27,000 --> 00:27:32,040</time>
<s>我今天是想要传递一个十分重要的信息</s>
<time>375_00:27:32,760 --> 00:27:35,640</time>
<s>这不仅关乎长城</s>
<time>376_00:27:36,360 --> 00:27:39,240</time>
<s>也关乎中国环境问题的未来</s>
<time>377_00:27:39,960 --> 00:27:42,120</time>
<s>这是我正在长城上捡垃圾</s>
<time>378_00:27:42,840 --> 00:27:43,920</time>
<s>这是去年</s>
<time>379_00:27:44,640 --> 00:27:48,600</time>
<s>是我在长城上捡垃圾的第二十年</s>
<time>380_00:27:49,320 --> 00:27:53,280</time>
<s>去年我和我的学生我的朋友还有我的家人</s>
<time>381_00:27:53,640 --> 00:27:56,880</time>
<s>我们捡了331袋这样的垃圾</s>
<time>382_00:27:58,680 --> 00:28:00,480</time>
<s>当我们把垃圾装满这些袋子的时候</s>
<time>383_00:28:01,200 --> 00:28:08,760</time>
<s>我们都被一公里长城上的垃圾数量震惊了</s>
<time>384_00:28:09,480 --> 00:28:12,000</time>
<s>我们讨论了这个问题</s>
<time>385_00:28:13,080 --> 00:28:18,480</time>
<s>我们问了自己一个很重要的问题</s>
<time>386_00:28:19,560 --> 00:28:25,320</time>
<s>如果人们继续这样损害长城</s>
<time>387_00:28:27,480 --> 00:28:34,680</time>
<s>那其他的土地又会怎么样呢</s>
<time>388_00:28:36,120 --> 00:28:39,360</time>
<s>我认为长城的情况</s>
<time>389_00:28:39,720 --> 00:28:45,480</time>
<s>实际上表明了中国当前的环境健康状况</s>
<time>390_00:28:46,200 --> 00:28:47,280</time>
<s>长城就是环境问题的一个气压计</s>
<time>391_00:28:47,640 --> 00:28:49,080</time>
<s>是一个晴雨表</s>
<time>392_00:28:49,800 --> 00:28:53,040</time>
<s>不幸的是现在的情况不容乐观</s>
<time>393_00:28:55,200 --> 00:28:58,080</time>
<s>去年我最大的儿子詹姆斯</s>
<time>394_00:28:58,800 --> 00:29:03,120</time>
<s>陪两位南非的长跑运动员</s>
<time>395_00:29:04,200 --> 00:29:06,720</time>
<s>去游览长城</s>
<time>396_00:29:07,440 --> 00:29:09,960</time>
<s>我每天都和他们通话</s>
<time>397_00:29:10,680 --> 00:29:12,840</time>
<s>几乎每天他们都说</s>
<time>398_00:29:13,200 --> 00:29:18,240</time>
<s>长城上的垃圾数量真的十分惊人</s>
<time>399_00:29:19,680 --> 00:29:23,280</time>
<s>如果你有一支军队他们也得用一个月的时间捡完这些垃圾</s>
<time>400_00:29:24,720 --> 00:29:27,960</time>
<s>这些看起来也许不重要</s>
<time>401_00:29:28,680 --> 00:29:33,360</time>
<s>但是我觉得这是一个非常重要的问题</s>
<time>402_00:29:34,080 --> 00:29:38,400</time>
<s>如果我们不能解决长城上的垃圾问题</s>
<time>403_00:29:39,120 --> 00:29:45,960</time>
<s>那我们就不能解决其他更大的问题</s>
<time>404_00:29:46,680 --> 00:29:50,280</time>
<s>这就是我今天想要告诉大家的</s>
<time>405_00:29:50,640 --> 00:29:55,320</time>
<s>我希望所有在看这个演讲的人</s>
<time>406_00:29:56,040 --> 00:30:01,800</time>
<s>都能够为了整个中国认真的思考</s>
<time>407_00:30:02,160 --> 00:30:05,400</time>
<s>解决长城垃圾问题的重要性</s>
<time>408_00:30:06,840 --> 00:30:12,600</time>
<s>我在长城上实现了很多我想要做的事</s>
<time>409_00:30:12,960 --> 00:30:17,280</time>
<s>然而我还有一个目标没有实现</s>
<time>410_00:30:18,000 --> 00:30:24,480</time>
<s>就是看到长城最自然美丽的样子</s>
<time>411_00:30:24,840 --> 00:30:31,680</time>
<s>我想要去怀柔密云涞源</s>
<time>412_00:30:32,040 --> 00:30:34,200</time>
<s>想要走三公里</s>
<time>413_00:30:34,560 --> 00:30:39,240</time>
<s>也不用捡一个垃圾</s>
<time>414_00:30:39,960 --> 00:30:41,040</time>
<s>这只是梦吗</s>
<time>415_00:30:41,760 --> 00:30:43,560</time>
<s>还是墨梦会继续下去</s>
<time>416_00:30:44,640 --> 00:30:45,360</time>
<s>决定权在你</s>
<time>417_00:30:46,080 --> 00:30:47,880</time>
<s>不爱长城非好汉！</s>
