<time>2_00:00:16,920 --> 00:00:18,000</time>
<s>各位观众大家好</s>
<time>3_00:00:18,360 --> 00:00:20,160</time>
<s>我是化石Kiko萧语富</s>
<time>4_00:00:20,880 --> 00:00:22,680</time>
<s>今天跟各位分享的是我的工作</s>
<time>5_00:00:23,400 --> 00:00:25,560</time>
<s>我的工作也是我的兴趣</s>
<time>6_00:00:26,280 --> 00:00:28,800</time>
<s>讲到我的兴趣我要讲到我的小时候</s>
<time>7_00:00:29,520 --> 00:00:33,120</time>
<s>我的小时候很喜欢去两个地方</s>
<time>8_00:00:33,840 --> 00:00:34,920</time>
<s>一个是博物馆</s>
<time>9_00:00:35,640 --> 00:00:36,360</time>
<s>另外一个是动物园</s>
<time>10_00:00:37,080 --> 00:00:39,960</time>
<s>我们家旁边有一个自然史博物馆</s>
<time>11_00:00:40,680 --> 00:00:42,480</time>
<s>每个礼拜我都会到那边去</s>
<time>12_00:00:43,200 --> 00:00:46,800</time>
<s>去看里面各种的展览</s>
<time>13_00:00:47,880 --> 00:00:50,040</time>
<s>我印象最深刻的是这个博物馆里面</s>
<time>14_00:00:51,120 --> 00:00:52,200</time>
<s>有一个很大的鲸鲨</s>
<time>15_00:00:52,920 --> 00:00:56,520</time>
<s>鲸鲨的标本在台湾是很少见的只有一件</s>
<time>16_00:00:57,600 --> 00:00:59,760</time>
<s>这个鲸鲨我常常下去的时候</s>
<time>17_00:01:00,120 --> 00:01:02,640</time>
<s>因为它放在负一楼地下一楼</s>
<time>18_00:01:03,360 --> 00:01:06,960</time>
<s>在这个楼梯的转角处常常会偷摸它两把</s>
<time>19_00:01:08,040 --> 00:01:10,920</time>
<s>我喜欢去的另一个地方就是动物园</s>
<time>20_00:01:11,640 --> 00:01:14,520</time>
<s>台北市立动物园是台湾一个很有名的动物园</s>
<time>21_00:01:15,240 --> 00:01:16,680</time>
<s>我们小时候最喜欢去的就是看</s>
<time>22_00:01:17,400 --> 00:01:19,560</time>
<s>动物园的明星大象林旺</s>
<time>23_00:01:20,280 --> 00:01:22,440</time>
<s>这个林旺跟着我们一起长大</s>
<time>24_00:01:23,160 --> 00:01:24,600</time>
<s>一直到2003年过世</s>
<time>25_00:01:25,680 --> 00:01:28,200</time>
<s>陪着我们经过了好几十年的时间</s>
<time>26_00:01:29,280 --> 00:01:32,520</time>
<s>同样的博物馆同样的动物园去了很多次</s>
<time>27_00:01:33,240 --> 00:01:34,320</time>
<s>我心里面也在幻想着</s>
<time>28_00:01:35,040 --> 00:01:38,640</time>
<s>将来我可不可以也有一个自己的博物馆</s>
<time>29_00:01:39,000 --> 00:01:40,080</time>
<s>因为我喜欢自然科学</s>
<time>30_00:01:40,440 --> 00:01:43,680</time>
<s>我就到世界各地去看展览去看博物馆</s>
<time>31_00:01:44,400 --> 00:01:45,480</time>
<s>这是我年轻的时候</s>
<time>32_00:01:50,880 --> 00:01:53,760</time>
<s>经过二十几年三十年</s>
<time>33_00:01:54,120 --> 00:01:57,000</time>
<s>岁月上感觉有一点点摧残</s>
<time>34_00:01:57,720 --> 00:01:58,800</time>
<s>这也是我年轻的时候</s>
<time>35_00:01:59,160 --> 00:02:01,320</time>
<s>我身后是一个蛇颈龙</s>
<time>36_00:02:01,680 --> 00:02:02,400</time>
<s>白垩纪时期的</s>
<time>37_00:02:04,200 --> 00:02:06,000</time>
<s>这个是一个侏罗纪时期的鳄</s>
<time>38_00:02:06,720 --> 00:02:10,320</time>
<s>我到处去看展览参观博物馆</s>
<time>39_00:02:11,040 --> 00:02:13,560</time>
<s>认识了在欧洲的同业</s>
<time>40_00:02:14,640 --> 00:02:19,680</time>
<s>古生物的清修在欧洲大概有170年的历史</s>
<time>41_00:02:20,040 --> 00:02:24,720</time>
<s>因为他们从古生物化石挖掘修复到研究</s>
<time>42_00:02:25,080 --> 00:02:26,160</time>
<s>他们行之有年了</s>
<time>43_00:02:26,520 --> 00:02:31,560</time>
<s>我算是在华人少数很早期就参与这样的工作</s>
<time>44_00:02:32,640 --> 00:02:36,240</time>
<s>我跟着他们的家族一起去做古生物的挖掘修复</s>
<time>45_00:02:36,600 --> 00:02:41,640</time>
<s>德国的清修团队他们对于古生物的挖掘非常地严谨</s>
<time>46_00:02:42,360 --> 00:02:43,800</time>
<s>所有的工具都要自己制作</s>
<time>47_00:02:44,160 --> 00:02:45,600</time>
<s>他们自己去制作钢刀</s>
<time>48_00:02:45,960 --> 00:02:47,040</time>
<s>然后运用这个手势</s>
<time>49_00:02:47,400 --> 00:02:49,200</time>
<s>把这沉积岩去剥离</s>
<time>50_00:02:49,560 --> 00:02:51,360</time>
<s>然后把这个化石去把它表现出来</s>
<time>51_00:02:52,440 --> 00:02:55,680</time>
<s>所以从清修再到研究</s>
<time>52_00:02:56,400 --> 00:02:58,920</time>
<s>一直是当时我们的工作</s>
<time>53_00:02:59,280 --> 00:03:01,800</time>
<s>这是我的清修桌很简单</s>
<time>54_00:03:02,520 --> 00:03:03,600</time>
<s>所有的工具都要自己做</s>
<time>55_00:03:04,320 --> 00:03:05,400</time>
<s>经过了几年的时间</s>
<time>56_00:03:05,760 --> 00:03:10,440</time>
<s>跟欧洲学习了古生物的技术跟正确的观念</s>
<time>57_00:03:10,800 --> 00:03:14,400</time>
<s>1997年回到台湾我就成立了石尚古生物机构</s>
<time>58_00:03:15,120 --> 00:03:19,440</time>
<s>我的工作就是从事挖掘情修复原组架</s>
<time>59_00:03:19,800 --> 00:03:22,320</time>
<s>然后协助研究跟博物馆的展陈</s>
<time>60_00:03:22,680 --> 00:03:27,720</time>
<s>我的工作里面要先了解一下什么是化石</s>
<time>61_00:03:28,440 --> 00:03:32,040</time>
<s>化石它是一页一页地球生命演化史的日记</s>
<time>62_00:03:32,760 --> 00:03:36,360</time>
<s>我们从每一件化石可以知道当时地球发生什么事</s>
<time>63_00:03:36,720 --> 00:03:39,600</time>
<s>我们的工作同仁在清修化石之前</s>
<time>64_00:03:40,320 --> 00:03:43,200</time>
<s>他必须先了解不同的围岩</s>
<time>65_00:03:43,560 --> 00:03:46,800</time>
<s>比如说它是海相沉积的还是陆相沉积的</s>
<time>66_00:03:47,160 --> 00:03:48,960</time>
<s>还是说在琥珀里面沉积的</s>
<time>67_00:03:49,320 --> 00:03:50,040</time>
<s>不同的沉积岩</s>
<time>68_00:03:50,400 --> 00:03:54,000</time>
<s>我们会从沉积岩里去发现可能有无脊椎动物</s>
<time>69_00:03:54,360 --> 00:03:55,800</time>
<s>有植物有脊椎动物</s>
<time>70_00:03:56,160 --> 00:03:58,320</time>
<s>我们最常清修的是脊椎动物化石</s>
<time>71_00:03:59,400 --> 00:04:02,280</time>
<s>如果我们要清修脊椎动物化石</s>
<time>72_00:04:03,000 --> 00:04:04,440</time>
<s>我们先要了解它演进的过程</s>
<time>73_00:04:04,800 --> 00:04:09,120</time>
<s>地球在寒武纪时期开始出现很原始的脊索动物</s>
<time>74_00:04:09,840 --> 00:04:10,920</time>
<s>后来演化变成鱼类</s>
<time>75_00:04:12,360 --> 00:04:14,160</time>
<s>就是很清楚的脊椎动物</s>
<time>76_00:04:14,520 --> 00:04:17,760</time>
<s>这个鱼类后来在泥盆纪时期</s>
<time>77_00:04:18,480 --> 00:04:22,800</time>
<s>它的鳍演化出四足变成两生类</s>
<time>78_00:04:23,160 --> 00:04:24,240</time>
<s>后来变成爬行动物</s>
<time>79_00:04:24,600 --> 00:04:27,480</time>
<s>另外一支演化变成似哺乳爬行动物</s>
<time>80_00:04:28,200 --> 00:04:28,560</time>
<s>就是哺乳动物</s>
<time>81_00:04:29,640 --> 00:04:34,320</time>
<s>爬行动物这一支就演化到恐龙鸟类这些动物</s>
<time>82_00:04:34,680 --> 00:04:37,200</time>
<s>所有的生物的构造</s>
<time>83_00:04:37,920 --> 00:04:40,440</time>
<s>它事实上对于我们来讲都是系出同源</s>
<time>84_00:04:40,800 --> 00:04:42,600</time>
<s>就是万物同宗的意思</s>
<time>85_00:04:43,680 --> 00:04:44,400</time>
<s>它们都有头</s>
<time>86_00:04:45,480 --> 00:04:46,560</time>
<s>都有脊椎</s>
<time>87_00:04:46,920 --> 00:04:47,640</time>
<s>都有四足</s>
<time>88_00:04:49,440 --> 00:04:50,160</time>
<s>可能有的有尾巴</s>
<time>89_00:04:50,520 --> 00:04:51,240</time>
<s>有的没有尾巴</s>
<time>90_00:04:51,600 --> 00:04:54,120</time>
<s>根据它的功能会有不同的形状</s>
<time>91_00:04:54,840 --> 00:04:58,080</time>
<s>所以我们只要清修化石一看这是什么时期的围岩</s>
<time>92_00:04:58,800 --> 00:05:00,960</time>
<s>它里面大概是什么样的生物</s>
<time>93_00:05:01,320 --> 00:05:03,120</time>
<s>我们就可以判断这个要怎么去清修</s>
<time>94_00:05:03,840 --> 00:05:05,280</time>
<s>我们了解一下化石的形成</s>
<time>95_00:05:06,000 --> 00:05:07,080</time>
<s>就是生物它先死亡</s>
<time>96_00:05:07,800 --> 00:05:08,520</time>
<s>然后被掩埋</s>
<time>97_00:05:08,880 --> 00:05:10,320</time>
<s>掩埋了以后被矿物质替换</s>
<time>98_00:05:11,040 --> 00:05:13,560</time>
<s>替换了以后它自然地露出</s>
<time>99_00:05:13,920 --> 00:05:15,000</time>
<s>然后我们就发现这里有化石</s>
<time>100_00:05:16,080 --> 00:05:17,520</time>
<s>我们看一下这个是一个沉积岩</s>
<time>101_00:05:18,240 --> 00:05:19,680</time>
<s>沉积岩它是叠置定律的</s>
<time>102_00:05:20,040 --> 00:05:21,480</time>
<s>越古老的地层在越下面</s>
<time>103_00:05:21,840 --> 00:05:25,080</time>
<s>我们看到这个沉积岩里面</s>
<time>104_00:05:26,520 --> 00:05:28,680</time>
<s>从它的表面轮廓上面</s>
<time>105_00:05:29,040 --> 00:05:32,280</time>
<s>感觉好像有一个化石在这个围岩里面</s>
<time>106_00:05:33,000 --> 00:05:37,680</time>
<s>这是一个生物的嘴巴头部</s>
<time>107_00:05:39,120 --> 00:05:40,200</time>
<s>这是它的背椎</s>
<time>108_00:05:41,280 --> 00:05:42,720</time>
<s>这是它的鳍状肢</s>
<time>109_00:05:43,800 --> 00:05:46,320</time>
<s>这是它的尾巴</s>
<time>110_00:05:47,040 --> 00:05:47,760</time>
<s>这是什么生物呢</s>
<time>111_00:05:48,480 --> 00:05:49,560</time>
<s>你们可能不知道</s>
<time>112_00:05:50,280 --> 00:05:50,640</time>
<s>我知道</s>
<time>113_00:05:51,720 --> 00:05:53,160</time>
<s>因为我受过训练</s>
<time>114_00:05:53,520 --> 00:05:56,400</time>
<s>我们从这个骨骼解剖图里面知道</s>
<time>115_00:05:56,760 --> 00:05:58,560</time>
<s>这是一只鱼龙</s>
<time>116_00:05:59,280 --> 00:06:01,080</time>
<s>保罗纪时期的海生爬行动物</s>
<time>117_00:06:01,800 --> 00:06:02,880</time>
<s>经过清修了以后</s>
<time>118_00:06:04,320 --> 00:06:05,040</time>
<s>它就变成了这样</s>
<time>119_00:06:05,760 --> 00:06:07,200</time>
<s>非常地漂亮</s>
<time>120_00:06:09,360 --> 00:06:12,600</time>
<s>我的工作有很多很奇特的奇遇</s>
<time>121_00:06:12,960 --> 00:06:14,040</time>
<s>后面我慢慢讲给大家听</s>
<time>122_00:06:14,400 --> 00:06:16,200</time>
<s>但先讲一下我们的设备</s>
<time>123_00:06:16,920 --> 00:06:18,360</time>
<s>我们最常用的是喷砂机</s>
<time>124_00:06:19,080 --> 00:06:22,320</time>
<s>运用喷砂细砂跟围岩摩擦的原理</s>
<time>125_00:06:22,680 --> 00:06:23,760</time>
<s>把围岩去除掉</s>
<time>126_00:06:24,480 --> 00:06:25,560</time>
<s>把这个化石表现出来</s>
<time>127_00:06:26,640 --> 00:06:28,440</time>
<s>同时我们也会用不同的工具</s>
<time>128_00:06:28,800 --> 00:06:30,600</time>
<s>有很粗壮的气动工具</s>
<time>129_00:06:30,960 --> 00:06:32,040</time>
<s>有很细的清修笔</s>
<time>130_00:06:32,760 --> 00:06:34,200</time>
<s>怎么选用工具呢</s>
<time>131_00:06:34,920 --> 00:06:37,080</time>
<s>要先看是清修什么样的化石</s>
<time>132_00:06:37,440 --> 00:06:38,160</time>
<s>比如说三叶虫</s>
<time>133_00:06:38,520 --> 00:06:39,240</time>
<s>它很纤细</s>
<time>134_00:06:39,600 --> 00:06:43,200</time>
<s>我们就用很细的气动工具慢慢地去修复它</s>
<time>135_00:06:43,560 --> 00:06:47,160</time>
<s>如果是它的围岩黏着性比较强的</s>
<time>136_00:06:47,520 --> 00:06:49,680</time>
<s>我们就用比较大只的工具去清修它</s>
<time>137_00:06:50,040 --> 00:06:54,360</time>
<s>同时用显微镜或者是放大镜协助我们去做清修</s>
<time>138_00:06:54,720 --> 00:06:56,520</time>
<s>这个是一个结核</s>
<time>139_00:06:57,240 --> 00:06:57,960</time>
<s>结核怎么形成的</s>
<time>140_00:06:58,320 --> 00:07:03,000</time>
<s>结核是当生物死亡了以后被泥沙掩埋</s>
<time>141_00:07:03,360 --> 00:07:08,760</time>
<s>泥沙跟化石本身互相有推挤作用</s>
<time>142_00:07:09,120 --> 00:07:13,800</time>
<s>它把生物的有机物推挤出来以后带有黏性</s>
<time>143_00:07:14,160 --> 00:07:15,960</time>
<s>这个黏性又把泥沙又黏回来</s>
<time>144_00:07:16,680 --> 00:07:17,400</time>
<s>一层一层地包覆</s>
<time>145_00:07:17,760 --> 00:07:19,560</time>
<s>它就变成一个圆形的石头</s>
<time>146_00:07:19,920 --> 00:07:23,160</time>
<s>这个圆形石头它的尺寸长或者是圆</s>
<time>147_00:07:23,880 --> 00:07:25,320</time>
<s>跟这个生物本体有关</s>
<time>148_00:07:25,680 --> 00:07:27,120</time>
<s>我给各位演绎一下</s>
<time>149_00:07:27,480 --> 00:07:32,160</time>
<s>我后面的这个结核它是什么样的化石被包裹在里面</s>
<time>150_00:07:34,680 --> 00:07:37,560</time>
<s>这是我们的工作同仁两天前才清修的</s>
<time>151_00:07:38,280 --> 00:07:39,000</time>
<s>然后慢慢这样清修</s>
<time>152_00:07:39,720 --> 00:07:40,080</time>
<s>你们看它像什么</s>
<time>153_00:07:43,680 --> 00:07:44,400</time>
<s>看得出来吗</s>
<time>154_00:07:45,480 --> 00:07:47,640</time>
<s>这是花了我们三天的时间修的</s>
<time>155_00:07:49,080 --> 00:07:50,160</time>
<s>一个女孩子修</s>
<time>156_00:07:51,600 --> 00:07:51,960</time>
<s>螃蟹</s>
<time>157_00:07:53,040 --> 00:07:55,920</time>
<s>一个螃蟹它被包在这个石头里面</s>
<time>158_00:07:56,280 --> 00:07:59,160</time>
<s>所以它是泥沙包覆了以后</s>
<time>159_00:07:59,520 --> 00:08:03,120</time>
<s>跟有机物互相推挤去把它包覆起来</s>
<time>160_00:08:03,480 --> 00:08:04,200</time>
<s>就变成了一个石头</s>
<time>161_00:08:04,920 --> 00:08:06,720</time>
<s>这样的一个结核的方式</s>
<time>162_00:08:07,080 --> 00:08:11,040</time>
<s>在化石的类型里面是常常看到的</s>
<time>163_00:08:11,400 --> 00:08:16,080</time>
<s>我们清修完了以后会把化石装架起来</s>
<time>164_00:08:16,440 --> 00:08:19,680</time>
<s>装架要看它是什么样的化石</s>
<time>165_00:08:20,400 --> 00:08:23,280</time>
<s>如果是脊椎动物就有脊椎动物的装架法</s>
<time>166_00:08:23,640 --> 00:08:25,800</time>
<s>无脊椎动物有无脊椎动物的装架法</s>
<time>167_00:08:26,880 --> 00:08:31,560</time>
<s>各位看到影片里面这个是7000万年前的慈母龙</s>
<time>168_00:08:32,280 --> 00:08:33,360</time>
<s>它是鸭嘴龙类的</s>
<time>169_00:08:33,720 --> 00:08:36,960</time>
<s>它在白垩纪时期就是牛啦</s>
<time>170_00:08:38,040 --> 00:08:39,840</time>
<s>像现在的牛群一样</s>
<time>171_00:08:40,200 --> 00:08:41,280</time>
<s>就是它的数量很多</s>
<time>172_00:08:42,000 --> 00:08:42,360</time>
<s>吃植物的</s>
<time>173_00:08:42,720 --> 00:08:43,440</time>
<s>群居式的</s>
<time>174_00:08:44,160 --> 00:08:47,040</time>
<s>这个慈母龙我们在装架用什么方式装架</s>
<time>175_00:08:47,400 --> 00:08:51,720</time>
<s>因为所有的化石它的骨骼都非常脆弱</s>
<time>176_00:08:52,440 --> 00:08:57,840</time>
<s>我们在装架当中除了它的美感它的动态</s>
<time>177_00:08:58,200 --> 00:09:00,720</time>
<s>同时还要保护它的这个骨骼不要被破坏到</s>
<time>178_00:09:01,440 --> 00:09:03,600</time>
<s>所以我们从装架前</s>
<time>179_00:09:04,320 --> 00:09:07,200</time>
<s>从它的行为模式它的运动模式</s>
<time>180_00:09:07,560 --> 00:09:09,360</time>
<s>我们要决定它用什么方式</s>
<time>181_00:09:10,080 --> 00:09:11,880</time>
<s>它的姿势要把它去装架出来</s>
<time>182_00:09:12,600 --> 00:09:14,760</time>
<s>同时我们根据它所有的骨骼</s>
<time>183_00:09:15,120 --> 00:09:16,920</time>
<s>我们用外走铁式的方式</s>
<time>184_00:09:17,280 --> 00:09:18,720</time>
<s>就是像珠宝镶嵌</s>
<time>185_00:09:19,080 --> 00:09:21,240</time>
<s>我们把珠宝放上去的概念</s>
<time>186_00:09:21,600 --> 00:09:23,400</time>
<s>去把骨骼放在这个铁件上</s>
<time>187_00:09:23,760 --> 00:09:29,160</time>
<s>这个铁件都要沿着这个骨骼用手工去锻造</s>
<time>188_00:09:29,880 --> 00:09:32,400</time>
<s>因为研究人员随时要研究</s>
<time>189_00:09:33,120 --> 00:09:35,640</time>
<s>所以我们在化石装架之后全部都要可以拆解的</s>
<time>190_00:09:36,360 --> 00:09:38,880</time>
<s>所以它随时可以拆下去去做细致的研究</s>
<time>191_00:09:39,600 --> 00:09:41,400</time>
<s>这是慈母龙的尾部</s>
<time>192_00:09:42,480 --> 00:09:45,360</time>
<s>这个锥体有凹凸的纹理</s>
<time>193_00:09:46,080 --> 00:09:49,680</time>
<s>我们随着这个纹理把这个铁件弯折</s>
<time>194_00:09:50,040 --> 00:09:51,480</time>
<s>去把它整个装架起来</s>
<time>195_00:09:51,840 --> 00:09:52,920</time>
<s>这就是我们的工作</s>
<time>196_00:09:55,440 --> 00:09:58,680</time>
<s>我来跟各位分享一个有趣的故事</s>
<time>197_00:09:59,400 --> 00:10:04,080</time>
<s>这个是在2006年在澎湖本岛发现的一件化石</s>
<time>198_00:10:04,800 --> 00:10:06,240</time>
<s>叫潘氏澎湖鳄</s>
<time>199_00:10:06,600 --> 00:10:07,320</time>
<s>这个怎么发现的</s>
<time>200_00:10:07,680 --> 00:10:12,720</time>
<s>这是一个潘先生在澎湖的海边整地</s>
<time>201_00:10:14,160 --> 00:10:15,960</time>
<s>突然发现一个像木头的东西</s>
<time>202_00:10:16,680 --> 00:10:17,760</time>
<s>他一看这是什么东西</s>
<time>203_00:10:18,120 --> 00:10:23,160</time>
<s>后来一看它的身上有露出甲片</s>
<time>204_00:10:23,520 --> 00:10:24,240</time>
<s>它的背甲甲片</s>
<time>205_00:10:24,960 --> 00:10:25,680</time>
<s>他一看不得了</s>
<time>206_00:10:26,400 --> 00:10:27,840</time>
<s>这可能是恐龙啊</s>
<time>207_00:10:28,560 --> 00:10:30,360</time>
<s>所以他就非常兴奋</s>
<time>208_00:10:30,720 --> 00:10:32,160</time>
<s>就赶快挖呀挖呀</s>
<time>209_00:10:32,520 --> 00:10:35,400</time>
<s>一般那么巨大的化石</s>
<time>210_00:10:35,760 --> 00:10:39,720</time>
<s>如果我们专业团队有计划地挖掘</s>
<time>211_00:10:40,080 --> 00:10:40,800</time>
<s>大概需要两个礼拜</s>
<time>212_00:10:42,240 --> 00:10:45,840</time>
<s>因为潘老先生他怕化石被人家偷走</s>
<time>213_00:10:46,560 --> 00:10:49,440</time>
<s>所以他用挖土机一个晚上就挖完了</s>
<time>214_00:10:50,880 --> 00:10:51,960</time>
<s>他的效率非常地高</s>
<time>215_00:10:52,320 --> 00:10:53,760</time>
<s>挖完怎么办呢</s>
<time>216_00:10:54,480 --> 00:10:56,280</time>
<s>就变成影片这个样子</s>
<time>217_00:10:56,640 --> 00:11:01,320</time>
<s>它全部挖出来大概有一干多片到两干片的碎片</s>
<time>218_00:11:01,680 --> 00:11:03,120</time>
<s>因为是用挖土机挖的</s>
<time>219_00:11:03,480 --> 00:11:07,440</time>
<s>这个后来由台中的科学博物馆程延年博士做研究</s>
<time>220_00:11:07,800 --> 00:11:12,480</time>
<s>他一看这个物件破成一干多片怎么办</s>
<time>221_00:11:13,200 --> 00:11:14,280</time>
<s>就送到我们工作室来</s>
<time>222_00:11:15,000 --> 00:11:16,800</time>
<s>我们根据这个化石</s>
<time>223_00:11:17,520 --> 00:11:18,960</time>
<s>先去清理它的头部</s>
<time>224_00:11:19,680 --> 00:11:21,120</time>
<s>后来发现这不是恐龙</s>
<time>225_00:11:21,840 --> 00:11:22,560</time>
<s>这是一个鳄</s>
<time>226_00:11:22,920 --> 00:11:24,000</time>
<s>它是一个马来鳄</s>
<time>227_00:11:24,360 --> 00:11:28,320</time>
<s>所以我们就跟现生种的马来鳄互相去做骨骼比对</s>
<time>228_00:11:29,040 --> 00:11:32,280</time>
<s>从骨骼比对里面它协助我们</s>
<time>229_00:11:32,640 --> 00:11:35,520</time>
<s>知道马来鳄的构造有哪些特征</s>
<time>230_00:11:35,880 --> 00:11:42,360</time>
<s>所以我们就可以把它的化石被挖土机挖缺损的部分</s>
<time>231_00:11:42,720 --> 00:11:44,160</time>
<s>把它修复起来</s>
<time>232_00:11:44,880 --> 00:11:46,680</time>
<s>所以这是一个很科学性的工作</s>
<time>233_00:11:47,400 --> 00:11:49,560</time>
<s>研究人员跟我们的工作团队</s>
<time>234_00:11:50,640 --> 00:11:52,080</time>
<s>每个礼拜都要碰一次</s>
<time>235_00:11:52,440 --> 00:11:53,520</time>
<s>然后去做一个交叉比对</s>
<time>236_00:11:54,600 --> 00:11:55,680</time>
<s>然后去做细部的研究</s>
<time>237_00:11:56,400 --> 00:12:00,360</time>
<s>我们的同仁根据发现的信息重新地去修复</s>
<time>238_00:12:01,080 --> 00:12:01,440</time>
<s>然后去组合</s>
<time>239_00:12:02,160 --> 00:12:04,320</time>
<s>我们把它的四肢肋骨锥体</s>
<time>240_00:12:05,040 --> 00:12:07,560</time>
<s>全部把它修复跟装架回来</s>
<time>241_00:12:08,280 --> 00:12:12,240</time>
<s>这是它的背甲跟它主要的锥体</s>
<time>242_00:12:12,960 --> 00:12:13,680</time>
<s>修复完就是这样</s>
<time>243_00:12:14,760 --> 00:12:15,120</time>
<s>很漂亮</s>
<time>244_00:12:19,080 --> 00:12:20,160</time>
<s>在前几年</s>
<time>245_00:12:20,880 --> 00:12:24,840</time>
<s>我们发现了一个全世界只有三件的恐龙</s>
<time>246_00:12:25,200 --> 00:12:26,280</time>
<s>叫做梅杜莎角龙</s>
<time>247_00:12:27,000 --> 00:12:29,160</time>
<s>在美国的蒙大拿州</s>
<time>248_00:12:29,880 --> 00:12:30,960</time>
<s>这是怎么发现的</s>
<time>249_00:12:31,320 --> 00:12:32,760</time>
<s>这是在这个地方</s>
<time>250_00:12:33,480 --> 00:12:35,640</time>
<s>有一个悬崖面它崩塌了</s>
<time>251_00:12:36,720 --> 00:12:38,880</time>
<s>崩塌了以后这个骨骼就露出来</s>
<time>252_00:12:39,240 --> 00:12:40,680</time>
<s>在美国的法律是这样</s>
<time>253_00:12:41,040 --> 00:12:44,640</time>
<s>属于私人土地发现到的化石古生物就归私人</s>
<time>254_00:12:45,360 --> 00:12:47,160</time>
<s>你可以自由买卖自由处置</s>
<time>255_00:12:47,520 --> 00:12:49,320</time>
<s>所以这个一发现了以后</s>
<time>256_00:12:49,680 --> 00:12:53,640</time>
<s>这个挖掘团队就进驻到这边去做挖掘</s>
<time>257_00:12:54,720 --> 00:12:56,880</time>
<s>这个就是崩塌的悬崖面</s>
<time>258_00:12:57,600 --> 00:13:00,840</time>
<s>可以看到整个围岩崩塌下来</s>
<time>259_00:13:01,200 --> 00:13:03,360</time>
<s>有露出恐龙的骨骼</s>
<time>260_00:13:04,080 --> 00:13:05,880</time>
<s>这个挖掘团队就开始去做挖掘</s>
<time>261_00:13:06,240 --> 00:13:08,040</time>
<s>这是它腿骨的一部分</s>
<time>262_00:13:08,400 --> 00:13:09,840</time>
<s>它挖掘完了以后</s>
<time>263_00:13:10,200 --> 00:13:12,000</time>
<s>这些化石我们要怎么运输</s>
<time>264_00:13:12,360 --> 00:13:14,160</time>
<s>我们要把这个化石逐一</s>
<time>265_00:13:14,520 --> 00:13:16,680</time>
<s>在当地基本地清理完了以后</s>
<time>266_00:13:17,400 --> 00:13:18,120</time>
<s>然后用石膏</s>
<time>267_00:13:18,840 --> 00:13:22,080</time>
<s>先用棉布或麻布蘸湿了以后</s>
<time>268_00:13:22,440 --> 00:13:23,880</time>
<s>用石膏去把它包覆</s>
<time>269_00:13:24,240 --> 00:13:27,120</time>
<s>包覆完了以后翻过来再包覆另外一边</s>
<time>270_00:13:27,480 --> 00:13:30,000</time>
<s>它就变成一个完全独立的石膏包个体</s>
<time>271_00:13:30,720 --> 00:13:31,800</time>
<s>我们就可以放到卡车上运输</s>
<time>272_00:13:32,160 --> 00:13:33,960</time>
<s>这样就不会破坏化石了</s>
<time>273_00:13:34,680 --> 00:13:36,840</time>
<s>运到工作室了以后</s>
<time>274_00:13:37,560 --> 00:13:39,360</time>
<s>我们就会把这个石膏包打开</s>
<time>275_00:13:39,720 --> 00:13:46,200</time>
<s>逐一把骨骼清修完以后把它黏合</s>
<time>276_00:13:46,920 --> 00:13:51,960</time>
<s>这是第一次初步黏合完的梅杜莎角龙的全身骨骼</s>
<time>277_00:13:52,680 --> 00:13:57,000</time>
<s>我们就看到这个好像分解成好几干片的骨片</s>
<time>278_00:13:57,720 --> 00:13:59,520</time>
<s>我大体上跟各位分析</s>
<time>279_00:13:59,880 --> 00:14:02,040</time>
<s>这个是它的鳍角</s>
<time>280_00:14:03,120 --> 00:14:03,480</time>
<s>鳍角在这边</s>
<time>281_00:14:03,840 --> 00:14:05,640</time>
<s>这是它的下颚</s>
<time>282_00:14:06,360 --> 00:14:07,440</time>
<s>中间是它的锥体</s>
<time>283_00:14:08,160 --> 00:14:09,240</time>
<s>一直到它的尾巴</s>
<time>284_00:14:09,600 --> 00:14:14,640</time>
<s>初步清修完了以后交给我们的同仁</s>
<time>285_00:14:15,000 --> 00:14:17,520</time>
<s>就是做所有骨片的组合</s>
<time>286_00:14:17,880 --> 00:14:21,120</time>
<s>你会看到在它的头部白色的部分</s>
<time>287_00:14:21,840 --> 00:14:24,000</time>
<s>是我们修复的部位</s>
<time>288_00:14:24,360 --> 00:14:26,880</time>
<s>其它不是白色的部分都是它原始的骨骼</s>
<time>289_00:14:27,960 --> 00:14:28,680</time>
<s>前面的嘴喙</s>
<time>290_00:14:30,480 --> 00:14:30,840</time>
<s>这是它的鼻孔</s>
<time>291_00:14:31,560 --> 00:14:31,920</time>
<s>这是它的鳍角</s>
<time>292_00:14:32,640 --> 00:14:33,360</time>
<s>这是它的眼睛</s>
<time>293_00:14:33,720 --> 00:14:35,160</time>
<s>后面这是它的头盾</s>
<time>294_00:14:36,240 --> 00:14:38,040</time>
<s>梅杜莎角龙为什么叫做梅杜莎角龙</s>
<time>295_00:14:38,760 --> 00:14:41,280</time>
<s>它的特征是在于它的这个头盾</s>
<time>296_00:14:42,720 --> 00:14:43,800</time>
<s>有很多的鳍角</s>
<time>297_00:14:44,160 --> 00:14:46,680</time>
<s>它这个鳍角像梅杜莎女妖一样</s>
<time>298_00:14:47,040 --> 00:14:48,120</time>
<s>那个蛇发女妖</s>
<time>299_00:14:48,480 --> 00:14:51,360</time>
<s>所以它这个鳍角非常地特别非常地多</s>
<time>300_00:14:53,160 --> 00:14:55,680</time>
<s>科学家就把它命名为梅杜莎角龙</s>
<time>301_00:14:56,400 --> 00:14:58,560</time>
<s>这个角龙全世界只有发现三只</s>
<time>302_00:14:58,920 --> 00:15:00,000</time>
<s>这是最完整的一只</s>
<time>303_00:15:00,720 --> 00:15:06,120</time>
<s>经过逐步骨骼的清修跟黏合跟复原</s>
<time>304_00:15:06,840 --> 00:15:09,720</time>
<s>整个清修完成了</s>
<time>305_00:15:10,080 --> 00:15:11,160</time>
<s>再接下来我们就要</s>
<time>306_00:15:12,600 --> 00:15:13,680</time>
<s>把它装架起来</s>
<time>307_00:15:14,040 --> 00:15:15,120</time>
<s>装架我们就要先讨论</s>
<time>308_00:15:15,480 --> 00:15:17,640</time>
<s>我们要在什么样的空间去展示</s>
<time>309_00:15:18,000 --> 00:15:20,160</time>
<s>然后我们要用什么样的体态去表现</s>
<time>310_00:15:20,880 --> 00:15:22,320</time>
<s>然后我们用外走铁式的装架</s>
<time>311_00:15:22,680 --> 00:15:25,200</time>
<s>就把这个骨骼逐一地去把它装架出来</s>
<time>312_00:15:25,560 --> 00:15:27,720</time>
<s>然后我们在修复当中发现</s>
<time>313_00:15:28,080 --> 00:15:29,520</time>
<s>在它左边的肋骨</s>
<time>314_00:15:30,240 --> 00:15:34,560</time>
<s>发现这个骨头有打斗断掉过重新愈合的特征</s>
<time>315_00:15:34,920 --> 00:15:37,080</time>
<s>这个就是骨痧愈合的一个表现</s>
<time>316_00:15:37,800 --> 00:15:39,600</time>
<s>所以它曾经严重地受过伤</s>
<time>317_00:15:40,680 --> 00:15:42,480</time>
<s>骨头又重新自我愈合了</s>
<time>318_00:15:43,200 --> 00:15:45,000</time>
<s>它前面的肋骨也变形了</s>
<time>319_00:15:45,360 --> 00:15:47,160</time>
<s>我们清修装架完了以后</s>
<time>320_00:15:47,520 --> 00:15:50,040</time>
<s>这个现在已经由广州的正佳自然史博物馆</s>
<time>321_00:15:50,760 --> 00:15:52,200</time>
<s>做永久地展示</s>
<time>322_00:15:52,560 --> 00:15:53,640</time>
<s>各位如果有兴趣可以去那边看</s>
<time>323_00:15:54,720 --> 00:15:55,800</time>
<s>再讲另外一个故事</s>
<time>324_00:15:56,160 --> 00:15:59,040</time>
<s>就是我们怎么样去挖化石找化石</s>
<time>325_00:15:59,760 --> 00:16:02,640</time>
<s>有一些化石会在沙漠上看得到</s>
<time>326_00:16:03,360 --> 00:16:04,080</time>
<s>山上可能有</s>
<time>327_00:16:04,440 --> 00:16:06,960</time>
<s>然后在你们家后院可能也有</s>
<time>328_00:16:07,320 --> 00:16:10,200</time>
<s>要看你们家陆地板块有多古老</s>
<time>329_00:16:10,920 --> 00:16:14,880</time>
<s>我们最常去找化石的地方事实上是在河床边</s>
<time>330_00:16:15,600 --> 00:16:15,960</time>
<s>为什么呢</s>
<time>331_00:16:16,320 --> 00:16:18,120</time>
<s>因为河流它会切割大地</s>
<time>332_00:16:18,840 --> 00:16:24,240</time>
<s>它会把地层下面的沉积物把它冲刷出来</s>
<time>333_00:16:24,960 --> 00:16:28,200</time>
<s>所以我们沿着河边通常会看到很多的化石</s>
<time>334_00:16:28,920 --> 00:16:32,520</time>
<s>我们在加拿大亚伯达省圣玛莉河这边</s>
<time>335_00:16:33,240 --> 00:16:35,040</time>
<s>这边以前在白垩纪时期它是海底</s>
<time>336_00:16:35,760 --> 00:16:38,640</time>
<s>因为板块运动它现在变到陆地上来了</s>
<time>337_00:16:39,000 --> 00:16:42,240</time>
<s>河流切割就把它以前的生物化石冲刷出来了</s>
<time>338_00:16:42,960 --> 00:16:45,120</time>
<s>这是一个化石</s>
<time>339_00:16:45,480 --> 00:16:46,200</time>
<s>什么化石呢</s>
<time>340_00:16:47,280 --> 00:16:49,440</time>
<s>这是一个头足类直角石</s>
<time>341_00:16:50,520 --> 00:16:51,600</time>
<s>它的头足是软体</s>
<time>342_00:16:51,960 --> 00:16:52,320</time>
<s>不会保存下来</s>
<time>343_00:16:52,680 --> 00:16:55,200</time>
<s>它的身体的壳体保存下来</s>
<time>344_00:16:55,560 --> 00:16:58,440</time>
<s>就属于这一段这是我们发现另外一个菊石</s>
<time>345_00:16:59,160 --> 00:17:01,320</time>
<s>这个菊石它是什么样的生物</s>
<time>346_00:17:01,680 --> 00:17:02,040</time>
<s>是这样的生物</s>
<time>347_00:17:02,760 --> 00:17:07,440</time>
<s>它跟刚刚的杆菊石是同一个大家族</s>
<time>348_00:17:07,800 --> 00:17:08,520</time>
<s>都属于头足动物</s>
<time>349_00:17:08,880 --> 00:17:09,960</time>
<s>同样都变成化石了</s>
<time>350_00:17:10,680 --> 00:17:13,920</time>
<s>这些化石我们挖掘了以后在工作室经过修复</s>
<time>351_00:17:14,640 --> 00:17:16,440</time>
<s>这是一个彩斑菊石</s>
<time>352_00:17:17,160 --> 00:17:20,040</time>
<s>我们经过修复完了以后它就变得那么漂亮</s>
<time>353_00:17:20,760 --> 00:17:23,640</time>
<s>这是一个宝石级的彩斑菊石</s>
<time>354_00:17:24,360 --> 00:17:26,160</time>
<s>非常地稀有非常难得</s>
<time>355_00:17:28,320 --> 00:17:30,120</time>
<s>我有一年去那边挖</s>
<time>356_00:17:30,840 --> 00:17:33,000</time>
<s>挖了一批回来也卖了不少钱</s>
<time>357_00:17:38,400 --> 00:17:40,560</time>
<s>这个是很有意思的一个藏品</s>
<time>358_00:17:41,280 --> 00:17:42,720</time>
<s>这个现在在我们自己的博物馆里面</s>
<time>359_00:17:43,440 --> 00:17:47,400</time>
<s>这个一样在蒙大拿发现的一个恐龙木乃伊</s>
<time>360_00:17:48,120 --> 00:17:52,080</time>
<s>这个木乃伊离现在大概是7700万年前</s>
<time>361_00:17:52,800 --> 00:17:53,880</time>
<s>它是巨原栉龙的一种</s>
<time>362_00:17:54,600 --> 00:17:55,680</time>
<s>全长12公尺</s>
<time>363_00:17:56,040 --> 00:17:56,760</time>
<s>非常地巨大</s>
<time>364_00:17:57,480 --> 00:17:59,280</time>
<s>它的特点是在它的身体</s>
<time>365_00:17:59,640 --> 00:18:02,520</time>
<s>它的皮肤的保存非常非常地清楚</s>
<time>366_00:18:04,680 --> 00:18:08,640</time>
<s>我们在它的身上发现超过50%的皮肤覆盖</s>
<time>367_00:18:09,720 --> 00:18:12,960</time>
<s>包括它头部的脸颊的部分</s>
<time>368_00:18:13,320 --> 00:18:15,480</time>
<s>都有一个很清楚的皮肤的覆盖</s>
<time>369_00:18:15,840 --> 00:18:17,280</time>
<s>这是它的鳞片组织</s>
<time>370_00:18:18,720 --> 00:18:21,240</time>
<s>整个鳞片构造都非常清楚地保存</s>
<time>371_00:18:21,600 --> 00:18:23,760</time>
<s>不只它的皮肤保存清楚</s>
<time>372_00:18:24,480 --> 00:18:27,000</time>
<s>在它的身上我们发现一个很有意思的地方</s>
<time>373_00:18:27,720 --> 00:18:28,800</time>
<s>这是它的神经嘴</s>
<time>374_00:18:29,160 --> 00:18:31,680</time>
<s>在它的锥体上面覆盖了很多的皮肤</s>
<time>375_00:18:32,040 --> 00:18:33,120</time>
<s>全部都把它包覆住了</s>
<time>376_00:18:33,480 --> 00:18:38,160</time>
<s>我们在它的腹部靠近尾部的地方</s>
<time>377_00:18:38,520 --> 00:18:39,600</time>
<s>看到圈起来的那个地方</s>
<time>378_00:18:40,320 --> 00:18:41,040</time>
<s>各位看起来像什么</s>
<time>379_00:18:41,760 --> 00:18:42,120</time>
<s>看不出来</s>
<time>380_00:18:42,840 --> 00:18:43,200</time>
<s>再看一张</s>
<time>381_00:18:45,000 --> 00:18:46,080</time>
<s>这是一个奔龙的牙齿</s>
<time>382_00:18:47,160 --> 00:18:48,600</time>
<s>卡在它的皮肤里面</s>
<time>383_00:18:48,960 --> 00:18:49,680</time>
<s>各位可以看</s>
<time>384_00:18:50,400 --> 00:18:54,000</time>
<s>在这个奔龙牙齿的后段断成两半</s>
<time>385_00:18:54,720 --> 00:18:57,960</time>
<s>我们知道这个奔龙牙齿是琅质</s>
<time>386_00:18:58,320 --> 00:18:59,400</time>
<s>它是非常坚硬的</s>
<time>387_00:19:00,120 --> 00:19:01,560</time>
<s>它可以卡进去又断掉</s>
<time>388_00:19:02,280 --> 00:19:03,720</time>
<s>后面的牙根又断掉</s>
<time>389_00:19:04,080 --> 00:19:04,440</time>
<s>断成两个</s>
<time>390_00:19:05,160 --> 00:19:06,240</time>
<s>这是很不可思议的</s>
<time>391_00:19:06,600 --> 00:19:08,400</time>
<s>这表示当时经过剧烈的打斗</s>
<time>392_00:19:09,120 --> 00:19:12,360</time>
<s>牙齿卡在皮肤里面断裂在里面</s>
<time>393_00:19:13,440 --> 00:19:13,800</time>
<s>是非常特别的</s>
<time>394_00:19:15,240 --> 00:19:17,760</time>
<s>这个木乃伊是怎么形成的</s>
<time>395_00:19:18,840 --> 00:19:21,000</time>
<s>这只巨原栉龙在湖边喝水</s>
<time>396_00:19:21,720 --> 00:19:23,160</time>
<s>掉到泥沼里面</s>
<time>397_00:19:23,520 --> 00:19:25,320</time>
<s>然后被泥沼掩埋</s>
<time>398_00:19:25,680 --> 00:19:28,560</time>
<s>因为这个湖底是厌氧环境的状况下</s>
<time>399_00:19:28,920 --> 00:19:31,080</time>
<s>就把它的皮肤没有分解</s>
<time>400_00:19:31,440 --> 00:19:32,880</time>
<s>就都保存下来变成化石了</s>
<time>401_00:19:35,400 --> 00:19:37,200</time>
<s>因为这个牙齿所以我们想象</s>
<time>402_00:19:37,920 --> 00:19:41,160</time>
<s>它可能在湖边喝水被这个奔龙类群（袭击）</s>
<time>403_00:19:41,520 --> 00:19:42,240</time>
<s>因为奔龙是群居性的</s>
<time>404_00:19:42,960 --> 00:19:44,040</time>
<s>就整群飞奔去</s>
<time>405_00:19:44,760 --> 00:19:46,200</time>
<s>然后一紧张就掉到湖里面了</s>
<time>406_00:19:46,560 --> 00:19:48,000</time>
<s>就整个被掩埋</s>
<time>407_00:19:48,360 --> 00:19:49,080</time>
<s>就变成化石了</s>
<time>408_00:19:50,160 --> 00:19:50,880</time>
<s>奔龙</s>
<time>409_00:19:52,680 --> 00:19:54,480</time>
<s>讲俗语一点就是</s>
<time>410_00:19:54,840 --> 00:19:57,720</time>
<s>电影《侏罗纪公园》里面的迅猛龙</s>
<time>411_00:19:58,800 --> 00:19:59,520</time>
<s>就是那一类的生物</s>
<time>412_00:20:00,240 --> 00:20:01,320</time>
<s>为什么是奔龙牙齿呢</s>
<time>413_00:20:01,680 --> 00:20:07,080</time>
<s>因为我们在它牙齿的两侧看到很清楚的锯齿状</s>
<time>414_00:20:07,440 --> 00:20:10,320</time>
<s>我们现在也跟北京地质大学的邢立达教授</s>
<time>415_00:20:11,040 --> 00:20:14,640</time>
<s>合作做古病理学的研究</s>
<time>416_00:20:15,720 --> 00:20:18,240</time>
<s>再讲一个好玩的故事</s>
<time>417_00:20:18,600 --> 00:20:20,400</time>
<s>在2006年</s>
<time>418_00:20:20,760 --> 00:20:23,280</time>
<s>有一只大型的巨型抹香鲸</s>
<time>419_00:20:24,000 --> 00:20:26,520</time>
<s>它搁浅死亡在台南的海边</s>
<time>420_00:20:26,880 --> 00:20:29,040</time>
<s>因为它太大了14公尺</s>
<time>421_00:20:29,400 --> 00:20:34,440</time>
<s>所以台南县政府就决定在当地现址挖了一个沙坑</s>
<time>422_00:20:34,800 --> 00:20:36,240</time>
<s>就把这个抹香鲸埋下去</s>
<time>423_00:20:36,960 --> 00:20:38,040</time>
<s>埋下去让它自然分解</s>
<time>424_00:20:38,760 --> 00:20:40,200</time>
<s>这事情就没了</s>
<time>425_00:20:40,560 --> 00:20:44,160</time>
<s>隔了两年台湾博物馆有个新的展厅</s>
<time>426_00:20:44,520 --> 00:20:45,240</time>
<s>他们突然想到</s>
<time>427_00:20:45,600 --> 00:20:47,760</time>
<s>如果我们把这个巨型抹香鲸</s>
<time>428_00:20:49,200 --> 00:20:50,280</time>
<s>挖起来做成标本</s>
<time>429_00:20:50,640 --> 00:20:52,800</time>
<s>做成一个展示科普的推广也挺好</s>
<time>430_00:20:53,520 --> 00:20:55,320</time>
<s>所以就有这个案子的生成</s>
<time>431_00:20:57,120 --> 00:21:01,080</time>
<s>挖掘团队在挖的时候就是整个挖下去</s>
<time>432_00:21:01,800 --> 00:21:05,760</time>
<s>在6公尺深的坑洞里面挖到这个巨型抹香鲸</s>
<time>433_00:21:06,120 --> 00:21:07,200</time>
<s>结果里面都是水</s>
<time>434_00:21:07,920 --> 00:21:11,880</time>
<s>你想14米的巨型抹香鲸它的肉体那么地多</s>
<time>435_00:21:12,240 --> 00:21:14,400</time>
<s>它这两年多还没有完全分解完</s>
<time>436_00:21:15,120 --> 00:21:16,560</time>
<s>所以当他挖到那边的时候</s>
<time>437_00:21:16,920 --> 00:21:21,240</time>
<s>大家一致的感觉就是很臭非常地臭</s>
<time>438_00:21:21,960 --> 00:21:23,040</time>
<s>臭到什么程度呢</s>
<time>439_00:21:23,400 --> 00:21:25,920</time>
<s>因为这一个大坑十几米</s>
<time>440_00:21:26,640 --> 00:21:27,360</time>
<s>那么多的锥体</s>
<time>441_00:21:28,080 --> 00:21:28,800</time>
<s>肉都没有烂完</s>
<time>442_00:21:29,520 --> 00:21:29,880</time>
<s>胡说八道</s>
<time>443_00:21:30,600 --> 00:21:31,680</time>
<s>每一个人下来都快晕倒</s>
<time>444_00:21:32,400 --> 00:21:34,560</time>
<s>他们就执行任务</s>
<time>445_00:21:34,920 --> 00:21:36,720</time>
<s>把所有的骨骼都挖起来</s>
<time>446_00:21:37,440 --> 00:21:38,160</time>
<s>挖起来以后</s>
<time>447_00:21:39,960 --> 00:21:41,040</time>
<s>旁边有个面店</s>
<time>448_00:21:41,400 --> 00:21:42,840</time>
<s>我们每天中午去吃面的时候</s>
<time>449_00:21:43,560 --> 00:21:44,640</time>
<s>老板娘一看到我们</s>
<time>450_00:21:45,360 --> 00:21:47,160</time>
<s>等一下不要进来</s>
<time>451_00:21:47,520 --> 00:21:48,960</time>
<s>她就把桌椅搬到外面来</s>
<time>452_00:21:49,320 --> 00:21:50,040</time>
<s>你们在外面吃</s>
<time>453_00:21:50,760 --> 00:21:51,480</time>
<s>因为我们身上很臭</s>
<time>454_00:21:53,280 --> 00:21:53,640</time>
<s>很好玩</s>
<time>455_00:21:54,360 --> 00:21:55,440</time>
<s>你们看到这个锥体</s>
<time>456_00:21:55,800 --> 00:21:57,960</time>
<s>它上面黑色的物质就是</s>
<time>457_00:21:58,320 --> 00:22:02,280</time>
<s>它没有分解完的肉体还附着在它的骨骼上面</s>
<time>458_00:22:02,640 --> 00:22:05,160</time>
<s>现生的骨骼的标本制作</s>
<time>459_00:22:05,520 --> 00:22:08,400</time>
<s>跟古生物标本制作有很大的差异</s>
<time>460_00:22:09,120 --> 00:22:12,000</time>
<s>因为古生物的标本的清修跟装架</s>
<time>461_00:22:12,360 --> 00:22:13,440</time>
<s>实际上它都是石头</s>
<time>462_00:22:14,160 --> 00:22:14,880</time>
<s>它都是无机物</s>
<time>463_00:22:15,960 --> 00:22:18,840</time>
<s>现生的骨骼它都是有机物</s>
<time>464_00:22:19,200 --> 00:22:19,920</time>
<s>它里面有油脂</s>
<time>465_00:22:21,000 --> 00:22:21,720</time>
<s>它还有肉体</s>
<time>466_00:22:22,080 --> 00:22:23,880</time>
<s>所以你必须先把肉体分离</s>
<time>467_00:22:24,240 --> 00:22:27,840</time>
<s>然后把骨质里面的油脂抽离</s>
<time>468_00:22:28,200 --> 00:22:28,920</time>
<s>怎么抽呢</s>
<time>469_00:22:30,360 --> 00:22:31,800</time>
<s>在现场做了一个很大的水缸</s>
<time>470_00:22:32,160 --> 00:22:33,600</time>
<s>把这个骨骼放进去</s>
<time>471_00:22:33,960 --> 00:22:35,400</time>
<s>然后用温水往下冲</s>
<time>472_00:22:35,760 --> 00:22:39,000</time>
<s>慢慢就把它的油脂冲刷出来</s>
<time>473_00:22:39,360 --> 00:22:40,800</time>
<s>在骨骼上面必须要钻洞</s>
<time>474_00:22:41,160 --> 00:22:42,600</time>
<s>让它的油脂自然地去流出来</s>
<time>475_00:22:43,320 --> 00:22:44,760</time>
<s>这是它的锥体</s>
<time>476_00:22:45,120 --> 00:22:48,000</time>
<s>锥体里面的油脂的饱和度还蛮饱和的</s>
<time>477_00:22:48,360 --> 00:22:50,520</time>
<s>后来我们发现当油脂去除完</s>
<time>478_00:22:50,880 --> 00:22:53,400</time>
<s>因为海水在底下不断地作用</s>
<time>479_00:22:53,760 --> 00:22:55,560</time>
<s>把骨骼最坚硬的部分</s>
<time>480_00:22:55,920 --> 00:22:57,360</time>
<s>还有边缘的部分都掏空了</s>
<time>481_00:22:58,080 --> 00:22:58,800</time>
<s>掏空变成怎么样</s>
<time>482_00:22:59,160 --> 00:22:59,520</time>
<s>这是骨骼</s>
<time>483_00:23:00,240 --> 00:23:01,680</time>
<s>它的骨骼里面的构造</s>
<time>484_00:23:02,400 --> 00:23:04,920</time>
<s>就很多钙质的这些构造全部都掏空</s>
<time>485_00:23:05,280 --> 00:23:06,360</time>
<s>所以骨头变得很轻</s>
<time>486_00:23:06,720 --> 00:23:08,160</time>
<s>本来应该很重的骨骼</s>
<time>487_00:23:08,520 --> 00:23:09,960</time>
<s>结果我们拿起来变得非常轻</s>
<time>488_00:23:10,320 --> 00:23:12,480</time>
<s>然后风一吹就开始这样分解</s>
<time>489_00:23:12,840 --> 00:23:13,560</time>
<s>非常地危险</s>
<time>490_00:23:13,920 --> 00:23:17,160</time>
<s>所以我们就用清修恐龙的技法</s>
<time>491_00:23:17,520 --> 00:23:20,400</time>
<s>去做这一个物件的清修跟复原</s>
<time>492_00:23:21,120 --> 00:23:21,840</time>
<s>我们重新把它</s>
<time>493_00:23:22,920 --> 00:23:25,440</time>
<s>清理完了以后把它复原固化</s>
<time>494_00:23:25,800 --> 00:23:26,520</time>
<s>最重要是固化</s>
<time>495_00:23:27,240 --> 00:23:29,040</time>
<s>固化以后让骨骼变得比较强壮</s>
<time>496_00:23:29,400 --> 00:23:32,280</time>
<s>然后再把分解完的骨头再逐一拼回</s>
<time>497_00:23:32,640 --> 00:23:36,960</time>
<s>这是我们清修完了装架之后全身的身体</s>
<time>498_00:23:37,680 --> 00:23:40,200</time>
<s>这是在展场里面去把它展示</s>
<time>499_00:23:40,560 --> 00:23:41,640</time>
<s>这是一个很特别的经验</s>
<time>500_00:23:42,360 --> 00:23:47,040</time>
<s>2015年我终于开了自己已梦想已久的博物馆</s>
<time>501_00:23:47,400 --> 00:23:48,840</time>
<s>我们物件累积得很多</s>
<time>502_00:23:49,200 --> 00:23:53,880</time>
<s>所以我们希望把它展示出来提供给科学家去做研究</s>
<time>503_00:23:54,240 --> 00:23:58,200</time>
<s>开放给一般的观众去做科普的学习</s>
<time>504_00:23:59,280 --> 00:24:03,240</time>
<s>我们的博物馆在新北市的土城</s>
<time>505_00:24:03,600 --> 00:24:06,480</time>
<s>各位如果有来台湾的话可以到我们博物馆来参观</s>
<time>506_00:24:06,840 --> 00:24:09,360</time>
<s>我后面的这个是一个大型的长毛象</s>
<time>507_00:24:10,080 --> 00:24:14,040</time>
<s>下面这是在台湾海域捞到的古菱齿象</s>
<time>508_00:24:14,400 --> 00:24:19,800</time>
<s>我身后这个是一个5000万年前大型的棕榈树树叶</s>
<time>509_00:24:20,520 --> 00:24:22,320</time>
<s>跟一群的鱼化石混合埋藏</s>
<time>510_00:24:22,680 --> 00:24:23,400</time>
<s>这是在美国发现的</s>
<time>511_00:24:24,120 --> 00:24:24,840</time>
<s>也是比较稀有</s>
<time>512_00:24:25,200 --> 00:24:29,160</time>
<s>现在给各位看到的这是一个侏罗纪时期的海百合</s>
<time>513_00:24:29,880 --> 00:24:30,960</time>
<s>海百合看起来是植物</s>
<time>514_00:24:31,320 --> 00:24:32,760</time>
<s>事实上它是棘皮动物</s>
<time>515_00:24:33,120 --> 00:24:34,200</time>
<s>这是在德国发现的</s>
<time>516_00:24:34,560 --> 00:24:36,360</time>
<s>也是我们的馆藏之一</s>
<time>517_00:24:38,520 --> 00:24:39,600</time>
<s>我们自己有自己的博物馆</s>
<time>518_00:24:40,320 --> 00:24:43,200</time>
<s>然后我们也开始帮需要的人去建设博物馆</s>
<time>519_00:24:43,920 --> 00:24:44,640</time>
<s>这是我们的团队</s>
<time>520_00:24:45,360 --> 00:24:48,240</time>
<s>我们在2008年</s>
<time>521_00:24:48,600 --> 00:24:52,920</time>
<s>帮台湾博物馆去规划了一个新的展厅</s>
<time>522_00:24:53,280 --> 00:24:57,960</time>
<s>这个展厅以前是1933年盖的当时是一个银行</s>
<time>523_00:24:58,680 --> 00:25:00,480</time>
<s>这个建筑体后来废置了</s>
<time>524_00:25:01,200 --> 00:25:03,720</time>
<s>我们就将废弃空间重新利用</s>
<time>525_00:25:04,080 --> 00:25:05,520</time>
<s>就把它变成一个自然史博物馆</s>
<time>526_00:25:05,880 --> 00:25:10,920</time>
<s>这个博物馆我们经过两年的规划跟设计</s>
<time>527_00:25:11,640 --> 00:25:13,080</time>
<s>最终就把它装置出来</s>
<time>528_00:25:13,440 --> 00:25:15,960</time>
<s>现在变成一个台北民众很喜欢去的一个地方</s>
<time>529_00:25:16,680 --> 00:25:19,200</time>
<s>我们充分地（利用）从地面到空间</s>
<time>530_00:25:19,560 --> 00:25:21,000</time>
<s>把所有的物件都装置出来</s>
<time>531_00:25:21,720 --> 00:25:24,600</time>
<s>同时我们这几年也帮重庆自然博物馆</s>
<time>532_00:25:24,960 --> 00:25:27,120</time>
<s>去规划了它的古生物厅</s>
<time>533_00:25:27,480 --> 00:25:28,920</time>
<s>这是它的海爬厅</s>
<time>534_00:25:29,640 --> 00:25:32,880</time>
<s>这是里面我们帮它规划的一个古生物的清修室</s>
<time>535_00:25:33,240 --> 00:25:35,400</time>
<s>我们现在也在帮重庆自然史博物馆</s>
<time>536_00:25:35,760 --> 00:25:40,080</time>
<s>规划一个大型的恐龙清修的工作室</s>
<time>537_00:25:40,800 --> 00:25:42,600</time>
<s>因为那边发现好多的化石</s>
<time>538_00:25:43,680 --> 00:25:49,440</time>
<s>但是他们需要一个比较好的技术跟方式把化石清修出来</s>
<time>539_00:25:50,160 --> 00:25:54,840</time>
<s>我们很愿意把我们的技术延续过来这边</s>
<time>540_00:25:55,200 --> 00:25:59,520</time>
<s>这是我们帮广州正佳自然史博物馆规划的一个场景</s>
<time>541_00:26:00,240 --> 00:26:00,960</time>
<s>这是一个虫洞</s>
<time>542_00:26:01,320 --> 00:26:04,920</time>
<s>借由这个虫洞回到45亿年前的地球</s>
