<time>1_00:00:16,560 --> 00:00:21,600</time>
<s>这是2015年8月7日北京的一次降雨</s>
<time>2_00:00:22,320 --> 00:00:28,080</time>
<s>当天刚好是我跟我太太一块去决定我们第二天</s>
<time>3_00:00:29,160 --> 00:00:30,600</time>
<s>就是我们以后的婚宴要怎么做</s>
<time>4_00:00:31,320 --> 00:00:33,480</time>
<s>我们大概正好讨论完了所有这些安排以后</s>
<time>5_00:00:34,200 --> 00:00:34,560</time>
<s>我们开始回家</s>
<time>6_00:00:35,280 --> 00:00:36,360</time>
<s>就发现下冰電</s>
<time>7_00:00:37,080 --> 00:00:37,440</time>
<s>然后下大雨</s>
<time>8_00:00:38,160 --> 00:00:39,960</time>
<s>这场雨我们一直走了四公里</s>
<time>9_00:00:40,680 --> 00:00:42,120</time>
<s>然后我们慢慢慢慢走到门口</s>
<time>10_00:00:43,200 --> 00:00:45,720</time>
<s>就发现整个我们家周边的区域全部被淹了</s>
<time>11_00:00:46,440 --> 00:00:46,800</time>
<s>再往前倒</s>
<time>12_00:00:47,160 --> 00:00:49,320</time>
<s>在2012年7月21日</s>
<time>13_00:00:50,400 --> 00:00:51,480</time>
<s>北京也有这么一场暴雨</s>
<time>14_00:00:52,200 --> 00:00:55,080</time>
<s>它大概在十几个小时里头下了100多毫米的雨</s>
<time>15_00:00:55,440 --> 00:00:58,680</time>
<s>我们北京一年大概有600多毫米的总的降雨</s>
<time>16_00:00:59,400 --> 00:01:01,560</time>
<s>就这一天就已经下了170多毫米</s>
<time>17_00:01:02,280 --> 00:01:05,520</time>
<s>所以这一部分是61年以来最强的暴雨</s>
<time>18_00:01:06,240 --> 00:01:06,960</time>
<s>整个交通都瘫痪了</s>
<time>19_00:01:07,320 --> 00:01:10,200</time>
<s>我们后来在2012年的7月21日以后</s>
<time>20_00:01:10,920 --> 00:01:13,440</time>
<s>北京大概在二环和三环里头</s>
<time>21_00:01:13,800 --> 00:01:15,960</time>
<s>修了十八个调蓄池两个泵站</s>
<time>22_00:01:16,680 --> 00:01:18,120</time>
<s>到了2018年的情况</s>
<time>23_00:01:18,840 --> 00:01:21,720</time>
<s>7月18日回龙观的区域也是被淹掉了</s>
<time>24_00:01:22,440 --> 00:01:24,960</time>
<s>Bai包括2007年的时候我们能看到济南的那一场暴雨</s>
<time>25_00:01:25,680 --> 00:01:27,840</time>
<s>其实济南是有很大的一个坡的城市</s>
<time>26_00:01:28,560 --> 00:01:29,640</time>
<s>特别大的雨下下来</s>
<time>27_00:01:30,000 --> 00:01:30,360</time>
<s>而且我们能看</s>
<time>28_00:01:30,720 --> 00:01:32,160</time>
<s>它是151毫米的降雨</s>
<time>29_00:01:32,520 --> 00:01:35,040</time>
<s>就在一到两个小时以后“哗”以下所有的都下来</s>
<time>30_00:01:35,760 --> 00:01:37,920</time>
<s>在马路上形成一道一道冲的洪水</s>
<time>31_00:01:39,000 --> 00:01:43,320</time>
<s>好多的车就明显地是被道路的洪水整个给冲散了</s>
<time>32_00:01:44,040 --> 00:01:46,920</time>
<s>也确实有很多人是因为这个去世了</s>
<time>33_00:01:48,000 --> 00:01:49,080</time>
<s>这个城市我们都在用</s>
<time>34_00:01:49,440 --> 00:01:50,160</time>
<s>每到夏季的时候</s>
<time>35_00:01:50,880 --> 00:01:52,680</time>
<s>我们就会担心这个城市会不会去看海</s>
<time>36_00:01:54,120 --> 00:01:57,000</time>
<s>其实我们现在每年都会遭遇这样的问题</s>
<time>37_00:01:57,720 --> 00:01:58,800</time>
<s>我们再回过头来看</s>
<time>38_00:01:59,160 --> 00:02:00,960</time>
<s>雨水还有好多其他的问题</s>
<time>39_00:02:01,680 --> 00:02:04,920</time>
<s>这是我们在一个项目上拍到的一个照片</s>
<time>40_00:02:06,000 --> 00:02:08,880</time>
<s>这个在上面是一个农贸市场</s>
<time>41_00:02:09,600 --> 00:02:10,320</time>
<s>这个农贸市场</s>
<time>42_00:02:11,400 --> 00:02:13,560</time>
<s>整个的脏东西就在管网里头</s>
<time>43_00:02:13,920 --> 00:02:15,000</time>
<s>一次下雨就全被冲上来了</s>
<time>44_00:02:16,080 --> 00:02:18,600</time>
<s>所以我们为什么河到现在为止我们治不干净</s>
<time>45_00:02:19,320 --> 00:02:21,120</time>
<s>跟雨水的污染有一定关系</s>
<time>46_00:02:21,480 --> 00:02:25,440</time>
<s>这是在贵阳的南明河</s>
<time>47_00:02:26,160 --> 00:02:27,600</time>
<s>这是我老师拍的一张照片</s>
<time>48_00:02:27,960 --> 00:02:31,200</time>
<s>整个南明河本来是很清澈的水</s>
<time>49_00:02:31,920 --> 00:02:32,640</time>
<s>特别好的水</s>
<time>50_00:02:33,000 --> 00:02:33,360</time>
<s>有人在那钓鱼</s>
<time>51_00:02:33,720 --> 00:02:34,080</time>
<s>有人在那游泳</s>
<time>52_00:02:34,440 --> 00:02:35,520</time>
<s>一场雨下来以后</s>
<time>53_00:02:35,880 --> 00:02:37,680</time>
<s>所有的污水雨水集中在一个口里头</s>
<time>54_00:02:38,040 --> 00:02:38,760</time>
<s>全部都漫出去</s>
<time>55_00:02:39,840 --> 00:02:40,560</time>
<s>这个河道就没法要了</s>
<time>56_00:02:41,280 --> 00:02:42,360</time>
<s>我们就处在这个情况下</s>
<time>57_00:02:43,800 --> 00:02:44,520</time>
<s>小子生活在这个城市单头介绍日席人文·科技·自日梦</s>
<time>58_00:02:45,600 --> 00:02:48,840</time>
<s>所以今天我们就想说说城市排水是什么意思日</s>
<time>59_00:02:54,600 --> 00:02:56,040</time>
<s>我就是因为特别怕忘介绍自己</s>
<time>60_00:02:56,760 --> 00:02:59,280</time>
<s>所以就特意在这个位置打了引号</s>
<time>61_00:02:59,640 --> 00:03:00,360</time>
<s>我是一个</s>
<time>62_00:03:01,440 --> 00:03:05,760</time>
<s>从第一个项目到现在大概十年的一个城市排水的工程师</s>
<time>63_00:03:06,480 --> 00:03:06,840</time>
<s>小字我叫赵杨介绍日席人文·科技自日梦</s>
<time>64_00:03:07,560 --> 00:03:11,520</time>
<s>今天我想跟大家说的是我们城市排水到底出了哪些问题席</s>
<time>65_00:03:13,320 --> 00:03:15,480</time>
<s>我们先回过头来想大概跟大家谈谈</s>
<time>66_00:03:15,840 --> 00:03:16,920</time>
<s>就是你眼里的管网</s>
<time>67_00:03:17,280 --> 00:03:19,800</time>
<s>和我们城市专业工程师眼里的管网有什么不一样席</s>
<time>68_00:03:20,160 --> 00:03:20,880</time>
<s>它们都是什么东西</s>
<time>69_00:03:21,600 --> 00:03:22,320</time>
<s>我们提到排水的时候</s>
<time>70_00:03:23,040 --> 00:03:25,560</time>
<s>往往大家看到的就是这些大型的管道</s>
<time>71_00:03:25,920 --> 00:03:27,360</time>
<s>这是我们拿的一个项目的图</s>
<time>72_00:03:27,720 --> 00:03:31,680</time>
<s>这里面所有看到的黄色的线蓝色的线</s>
<time>73_00:03:32,040 --> 00:03:33,480</time>
<s>一个一个点都是一个一个排水口</s>
<time>74_00:03:34,200 --> 00:03:36,360</time>
<s>包括一个一个一段一段的管道</s>
<time>75_00:03:37,080 --> 00:03:38,880</time>
<s>这个城市里头所有的地区都会有</s>
<time>76_00:03:39,600 --> 00:03:41,040</time>
<s>因为这些水是总要排走的</s>
<time>77_00:03:42,480 --> 00:03:44,280</time>
<s>我们再来认识认识我们最熟悉的地方</s>
<time>78_00:03:45,000 --> 00:03:48,240</time>
<s>左边第一个是我们所有下水道的入口</s>
<time>79_00:03:48,960 --> 00:03:50,400</time>
<s>就相当于我这个嘴的位置</s>
<time>80_00:03:51,120 --> 00:03:52,560</time>
<s>所有的雨水都会灌到这个里面来</s>
<time>81_00:03:52,920 --> 00:03:55,080</time>
<s>然后从井排到管网里头去</s>
<time>82_00:03:55,440 --> 00:03:58,320</time>
<s>再后边是我们在日本拍到的这张照片</s>
<time>83_00:03:59,040 --> 00:04:00,840</time>
<s>其实在我们国内大型的城市里头</s>
<time>84_00:04:01,200 --> 00:04:03,360</time>
<s>已经没有那么多的原来的沟渠系统了</s>
<time>85_00:04:04,080 --> 00:04:05,520</time>
<s>还有比较熟悉的就是河道</s>
<time>86_00:04:06,600 --> 00:04:08,040</time>
<s>河道也是我们自己排水的一部分</s>
<time>87_00:04:08,400 --> 00:04:09,840</time>
<s>因为水最后总要排到河里头去</s>
<time>88_00:04:10,560 --> 00:04:12,720</time>
<s>江要排到海里面去</s>
<time>89_00:04:13,440 --> 00:04:15,600</time>
<s>还有一些大家可能不太了解的</s>
<time>90_00:04:15,960 --> 00:04:17,400</time>
<s>不认为是城市排水的一部分的</s>
<time>91_00:04:18,120 --> 00:04:19,560</time>
<s>我今天也想跟大家说一说</s>
<time>92_00:04:19,920 --> 00:04:20,640</time>
<s>比如说像这个</s>
<time>93_00:04:21,000 --> 00:04:22,800</time>
<s>这是我们在柏林一个广场拍的照片</s>
<time>94_00:04:23,520 --> 00:04:24,600</time>
<s>你看着好像它就是一个砖</s>
<time>95_00:04:25,320 --> 00:04:26,760</time>
<s>但实际上这个砖和砖之间</s>
<time>96_00:04:27,480 --> 00:04:29,640</time>
<s>是有筑起来的很小的窄的条</s>
<time>97_00:04:30,360 --> 00:04:32,160</time>
<s>这个小小的窄的这部分条</s>
<time>98_00:04:32,520 --> 00:04:34,680</time>
<s>会导致两个砖不可能完全贴合在一块</s>
<time>99_00:04:35,760 --> 00:04:38,280</time>
<s>所以下雨的时候它会从中间把水全都渗下去</s>
<time>100_00:04:39,000 --> 00:04:39,360</time>
<s>尽可能地渗透</s>
<time>101_00:04:40,440 --> 00:04:43,320</time>
<s>这个也是我们很重要的一类的雨水的设施</s>
<time>102_00:04:44,040 --> 00:04:46,920</time>
<s>这个是我们在荷兰的一个停车场拍的照片</s>
<time>103_00:04:47,280 --> 00:04:49,800</time>
<s>看到的这个雨水口在这个位置</s>
<time>104_00:04:50,520 --> 00:04:51,600</time>
<s>今天我就不想讲这个太多</s>
<time>105_00:04:51,960 --> 00:04:52,680</time>
<s>更多的是这一条路</s>
<time>106_00:04:53,400 --> 00:04:55,200</time>
<s>其实它在地形的处理的时候</s>
<time>107_00:04:55,560 --> 00:04:57,720</time>
<s>是特意做出来一个小凹凹的区域</s>
<time>108_00:04:58,080 --> 00:05:00,240</time>
<s>然后让这个水集中地都在这个位置</s>
<time>109_00:05:00,600 --> 00:05:01,680</time>
<s>能够进到雨水口里面去</s>
<time>110_00:05:02,040 --> 00:05:02,400</time>
<s>还有这个</s>
<time>111_00:05:03,120 --> 00:05:04,560</time>
<s>这个看起来像是一个花园</s>
<time>112_00:05:04,920 --> 00:05:06,360</time>
<s>如果你们家门口的花园被淹了</s>
<time>113_00:05:06,720 --> 00:05:07,440</time>
<s>可能你们就要投诉物业了</s>
<time>114_00:05:07,800 --> 00:05:09,600</time>
<s>但是我告诉你它就是为了被淹的</s>
<time>115_00:05:10,320 --> 00:05:11,760</time>
<s>它设计出来就是为了被淹的</s>
<time>116_00:05:12,480 --> 00:05:15,000</time>
<s>这个我们管它叫做雨水花园或者叫植草沟</s>
<time>117_00:05:15,720 --> 00:05:18,240</time>
<s>就是把原来高出地面的绿地把它沉下来</s>
<time>118_00:05:18,960 --> 00:05:20,400</time>
<s>就是为了让进它里面再排走的</s>
<time>119_00:05:21,120 --> 00:05:21,840</time>
<s>一会儿我们会再讲</s>
<time>120_00:05:22,560 --> 00:05:24,000</time>
<s>所以我们眼里的水</s>
<time>121_00:05:24,720 --> 00:05:27,240</time>
<s>和大家眼里的排水系统可能要扩展一些</s>
<time>122_00:05:28,320 --> 00:05:30,120</time>
<s>我们现在再来看看</s>
<time>123_00:05:30,840 --> 00:05:33,000</time>
<s>我们是怎么科学地界定这些雨水的</s>
<time>124_00:05:33,720 --> 00:05:38,040</time>
<s>我们是把雨水用了非常专业和科学性的术语给它分开</s>
<time>125_00:05:38,400 --> 00:05:39,840</time>
<s>它叫大雨小雨中雨和暴雨</s>
<time>126_00:05:42,720 --> 00:05:46,320</time>
<s>实际上我们之所以要把它分开的最主要的原因</s>
<time>127_00:05:47,040 --> 00:05:48,120</time>
<s>是因为我们有一个很专业的知识点</s>
<time>128_00:05:48,480 --> 00:05:49,200</time>
<s>叫做重现期</s>
<time>129_00:05:49,560 --> 00:05:51,720</time>
<s>我们会把所有的降雨一个一个地统计出来席</s>
<time>130_00:05:52,440 --> 00:05:56,040</time>
<s>告诉你一年的雨席</s>
<time>131_00:05:56,760 --> 00:05:57,840</time>
<s>每年重现一次席</s>
<time>132_00:05:58,200 --> 00:05:58,920</time>
<s>我们就管它重现期叫“1”席</s>
<time>133_00:05:59,640 --> 00:06:02,160</time>
<s>每三年出现一次我们就叫“3”席</s>
<time>134_00:06:02,520 --> 00:06:04,680</time>
<s>如果十年二十年重现一次</s>
<time>135_00:06:05,040 --> 00:06:06,840</time>
<s>我们就说重现期“20"或者“10”</s>
<time>136_00:06:07,560 --> 00:06:12,240</time>
<s>我们把中雨大雨小雨用很专业的术语把它分开以后</s>
<time>137_00:06:12,600 --> 00:06:17,640</time>
<s>我们就得到了我们自己的雨水系统</s>
<time>138_00:06:18,360 --> 00:06:20,160</time>
<s>我们把它分开了以后是想跟大家说</s>
<time>139_00:06:20,520 --> 00:06:22,320</time>
<s>刚才我们看到的那些设施</s>
<time>140_00:06:22,680 --> 00:06:27,000</time>
<s>它其实都是对应在不同的雨的情况下才发生作用的</s>
<time>141_00:06:27,360 --> 00:06:30,240</time>
<s>我们经常出现的洪涝的问题</s>
<time>142_00:06:30,960 --> 00:06:33,480</time>
<s>其实集中在大雨暴雨和特大暴雨</s>
<time>143_00:06:33,840 --> 00:06:34,920</time>
<s>我们在小的雨的时候</s>
<time>144_00:06:35,280 --> 00:06:37,440</time>
<s>没有人说下小雨的时候我们家就积水</s>
<time>145_00:06:37,800 --> 00:06:39,600</time>
<s>那样的话你就赶紧打投诉电话</s>
<time>146_00:06:39,960 --> 00:06:40,680</time>
<s>就不要去想了</s>
<time>147_00:06:41,040 --> 00:06:42,840</time>
<s>当然我们大部分的城市的设施</s>
<time>148_00:06:43,200 --> 00:06:44,640</time>
<s>都是在中雨和暴雨的时候</s>
<time>149_00:06:45,000 --> 00:06:46,800</time>
<s>才会出现这种洪涝的事件</s>
<time>150_00:06:47,520 --> 00:06:49,320</time>
<s>我们就回过头来去讲一讲城市内涝</s>
<time>151_00:06:50,400 --> 00:06:54,360</time>
<s>城市内涝我们国家和其他的国家是有一些区别</s>
<time>152_00:06:54,720 --> 00:06:57,600</time>
<s>是因为我们在很多年前</s>
<time>153_00:06:57,960 --> 00:06:59,040</time>
<s>我们最早的室外排水标准</s>
<time>154_00:06:59,400 --> 00:07:01,560</time>
<s>应该是在1987年的时候有一版</s>
<time>155_00:07:02,280 --> 00:07:03,360</time>
<s>但那一版查出来的时候</s>
<time>156_00:07:03,720 --> 00:07:07,320</time>
<s>我们的重现期最小的是允许到0.3年一遇</s>
<time>157_00:07:08,040 --> 00:07:11,640</time>
<s>也就是说我们家的管子连一年一遇的水可能都排不出去</s>
<time>158_00:07:12,000 --> 00:07:15,240</time>
<s>是因为我们当时发展的费用钱</s>
<time>159_00:07:15,600 --> 00:07:16,680</time>
<s>因为你要修管子要占钱</s>
<time>160_00:07:17,040 --> 00:07:19,200</time>
<s>我们现在把它修到了两到五年一遇</s>
<time>161_00:07:19,920 --> 00:07:23,160</time>
<s>也就是说两年一遇的大雨按道理来说我们通过管道就能全部地排走</s>
<time>162_00:07:24,240 --> 00:07:26,040</time>
<s>到五年一遇的大雨我们也能够全部地排走</s>
<time>163_00:07:26,760 --> 00:07:28,560</time>
<s>重点区域可能有十年或者二十年一遇</s>
<time>164_00:07:29,280 --> 00:07:33,960</time>
<s>我们这个目标其实跟欧美基本的水平是差不多的</s>
<time>165_00:07:34,680 --> 00:07:37,560</time>
<s>但我们到底为什么会经常出现暴雨</s>
<time>166_00:07:38,280 --> 00:07:41,520</time>
<s>其实跟我们自己的维护管理和它的运营状态有特别大的关系</s>
<time>167_00:07:42,240 --> 00:07:43,680</time>
<s>这还是我那天结婚</s>
<time>168_00:07:44,400 --> 00:07:46,920</time>
<s>跟我夫人浪漫地走回来的那一场雨</s>
<time>169_00:07:47,640 --> 00:07:49,440</time>
<s>这一场雨我们走到家门口的时候</s>
<time>170_00:07:49,800 --> 00:07:50,880</time>
<s>污水冒溢</s>
<time>171_00:07:52,320 --> 00:07:53,760</time>
<s>垃圾全都掉在一地</s>
<time>172_00:07:54,480 --> 00:07:55,920</time>
<s>刚好那场雨是先刮的很大的风</s>
<time>173_00:07:56,640 --> 00:07:57,720</time>
<s>然后下的这一场很大的雨</s>
<time>174_00:07:58,800 --> 00:08:01,320</time>
<s>这是第一天我们家门口的情况</s>
<time>175_00:08:02,040 --> 00:08:06,000</time>
<s>环卫工人去清的整个这么大的这些垃圾</s>
<time>176_00:08:06,360 --> 00:08:07,440</time>
<s>就来自于一个雨水口</s>
<time>177_00:08:08,520 --> 00:08:09,600</time>
<s>就是一个小小的雨水口</s>
<time>178_00:08:09,960 --> 00:08:12,840</time>
<s>我们把它打开从里头掏能掏出这么多垃圾来</s>
<time>179_00:08:13,920 --> 00:08:15,360</time>
<s>我的管子设计的这么大</s>
<time>180_00:08:16,080 --> 00:08:17,160</time>
<s>你一半都给我堵掉了</s>
<time>181_00:08:18,240 --> 00:08:19,320</time>
<s>那我能发挥多大作用</s>
<time>182_00:08:20,040 --> 00:08:21,120</time>
<s>2018-08-23 12:21:53 我给大家带来了段视频 01</s>
<time>183_00:08:21,480 --> 00:08:25,080</time>
<s>2018-08-23 12:21:5这是我们把一个小的机器人放到管网里面去x01</s>
<time>184_00:08:25,800 --> 00:08:27,960</time>
<s>2018-08-23 12:21:5然后让它去看看现在的管网到底是什么样的x01</s>
<time>185_00:08:28,320 --> 00:08:29,400</time>
<s>2018-08-23 12:22:00这是根3米的管子 x01</s>
<time>186_00:08:30,840 --> 00:08:33,720</time>
<s>2018-08-23 12:22:03我们这个视频拍得没法让它很平稳x01</s>
<time>187_00:08:34,440 --> 00:08:37,320</time>
<s>2018-08-23 12:22:09因为里面的垃圾什么的都堵得很厉害了x01</s>
<time>188_00:08:37,680 --> 00:08:40,560</time>
<s>2018-08-23 12:22:11这段视频里面看到的整个黑漆漆的管子x01</s>
<time>189_00:08:41,640 --> 00:08:43,440</time>
<s>2018-08 23 12:22:15 大概—半都已经被淤死了 01</s>
<time>190_00:08:44,520 --> 00:08:45,600</time>
<s>2018-08-23 12:22:17所以我们真正来一场雨的时候x01</s>
<time>191_00:08:45,960 --> 00:08:47,400</time>
<s>2018-08-23 12:22:20要么这些脏东西全都被冲出去x01</s>
<time>192_00:08:47,760 --> 00:08:48,120</time>
<s>2018-08-23 12:22:20距离: 7.17 m x01</s>
<time>193_00:08:48,480 --> 00:08:50,640</time>
<s>2018-08-23 12:22:22 要不然的话就是整个管子造成这样的情况x01</s>
<time>194_00:08:51,000 --> 00:08:51,360</time>
<s>2018-08-23 12:22: 24 距离: 7.17 m x01</s>
<time>195_00:08:51,720 --> 00:08:53,160</time>
<s>2018-08-23 12:22:25我看大家好像没有什么不适的x01</s>
<time>196_00:08:53,880 --> 00:08:54,600</time>
<s>2018-08-23 12:22:27所以我们来下一张照片 x01</s>
<time>197_00:08:54,960 --> 00:08:55,320</time>
<s>2018-08-23 12:22:27距离: 7.17 m x01</s>
<time>198_00:08:58,200 --> 00:09:02,880</time>
<s>我们管左边这一幅图叫做沉积和堵塞</s>
<time>199_00:09:03,600 --> 00:09:05,400</time>
<s>这么大的井口最后缩成了这么点</s>
<time>200_00:09:06,120 --> 00:09:07,200</time>
<s>这个就是在刚才看</s>
<time>201_00:09:07,920 --> 00:09:12,600</time>
<s>冒出去很多的污水的农贸市场下边拍的照片</s>
<time>202_00:09:13,320 --> 00:09:15,120</time>
<s>第二个是钢筋混凝土的腐蚀</s>
<time>203_00:09:15,480 --> 00:09:18,000</time>
<s>这个就跟血管被腐蚀了其实差不多</s>
<time>204_00:09:18,720 --> 00:09:19,800</time>
<s>第三个是建筑垃圾</s>
<time>205_00:09:20,520 --> 00:09:23,400</time>
<s>会在过程中有的时候损坏管道</s>
<time>206_00:09:23,760 --> 00:09:24,480</time>
<s>然后形成的穿刺</s>
<time>207_00:09:25,200 --> 00:09:26,280</time>
<s>我们现在有的管网</s>
<time>208_00:09:26,640 --> 00:09:29,160</time>
<s>如果是这样的一个标准和维护管理的情况</s>
<time>209_00:09:30,960 --> 00:09:33,120</time>
<s>那我觉得可能我们做多大的重现期</s>
<time>210_00:09:33,480 --> 00:09:34,200</time>
<s>也是建设时候的重现期</s>
<time>211_00:09:34,920 --> 00:09:37,440</time>
<s>必须把心思花在一点一点的维护上来</s>
<time>212_00:09:38,520 --> 00:09:41,040</time>
<s>我们就去国外去看</s>
<time>213_00:09:41,400 --> 00:09:43,920</time>
<s>先说我们在美国看到的情况</s>
<time>214_00:09:44,640 --> 00:09:46,080</time>
<s>其实美国大多数的管理</s>
<time>215_00:09:46,800 --> 00:09:48,600</time>
<s>说实话跟我们水平差不多</s>
<time>216_00:09:50,760 --> 00:09:54,720</time>
<s>但是他们跟我们不同的是在于美国的土地可能更广</s>
<time>217_00:09:55,080 --> 00:09:56,160</time>
<s>人可能更稀少</s>
<time>218_00:09:56,520 --> 00:09:58,680</time>
<s>维护管理确实精细度比我们要高</s>
<time>219_00:09:59,040 --> 00:10:01,560</time>
<s>但是人基本的情况和有些垃圾口</s>
<time>220_00:10:01,920 --> 00:10:03,000</time>
<s>也是能够看到有些堵塞的</s>
<time>221_00:10:03,720 --> 00:10:05,520</time>
<s>于是他们也会一点一点地做</s>
<time>222_00:10:06,240 --> 00:10:06,600</time>
<s>就是像这个</s>
<time>223_00:10:06,960 --> 00:10:09,840</time>
<s>他会把这个区域上面隔上一个布上面打上几个孔</s>
<time>224_00:10:10,560 --> 00:10:10,920</time>
<s>垃圾都在这</s>
<time>225_00:10:12,000 --> 00:10:12,720</time>
<s>我们就干脆向东走</s>
<time>226_00:10:13,440 --> 00:10:15,240</time>
<s>看我们自己的邻国日本</s>
<time>227_00:10:15,960 --> 00:10:17,760</time>
<s>我们去看难波的这个项目是在日本大阪</s>
<time>228_00:10:18,840 --> 00:10:22,440</time>
<s>这个难波的项目大家可能看到的是个购物中心</s>
<time>229_00:10:22,800 --> 00:10:24,960</time>
<s>我特别建议大家在这游览的时候</s>
<time>230_00:10:25,320 --> 00:10:28,560</time>
<s>是能一层一层地走到它的七层</s>
<time>231_00:10:29,280 --> 00:10:33,240</time>
<s>这是一个屋顶绿化大奖获奖的项目</s>
<time>232_00:10:33,960 --> 00:10:36,840</time>
<s>这里涉及到大量的绿色的种植</s>
<time>233_00:10:37,200 --> 00:10:40,080</time>
<s>你每次扫完的这些叶子都汇哪去儿呢</s>
<time>234_00:10:40,800 --> 00:10:41,520</time>
<s>下雨会冲到哪儿呢</s>
<time>235_00:10:41,880 --> 00:10:43,680</time>
<s>我们看它边上的这个小沟</s>
<time>236_00:10:44,040 --> 00:10:46,200</time>
<s>这就是一个很小很窄的沟</s>
<time>237_00:10:46,920 --> 00:10:49,440</time>
<s>这个沟在这个位置会漏下去到管里</s>
<time>238_00:10:49,800 --> 00:10:50,520</time>
<s>就是看到的这个</s>
<time>239_00:10:51,240 --> 00:10:52,320</time>
<s>先有一个横的算子</s>
<time>240_00:10:53,040 --> 00:10:55,560</time>
<s>让这个水所有的叶子粗的在外头挡着</s>
<time>241_00:10:55,920 --> 00:10:56,640</time>
<s>它会定期地清理</s>
<time>242_00:10:57,360 --> 00:10:58,440</time>
<s>然后翻开这个栅栏以后</s>
<time>243_00:10:59,160 --> 00:11:00,960</time>
<s>这个位置会有一个很小的格栅</s>
<time>244_00:11:01,320 --> 00:11:02,400</time>
<s>所有的叶子会拦在这个位置</s>
<time>245_00:11:02,760 --> 00:11:03,840</time>
<s>它会定期地去清掏</s>
<time>246_00:11:04,560 --> 00:11:06,000</time>
<s>如果把这个设备全都打开</s>
<time>247_00:11:06,360 --> 00:11:10,320</time>
<s>就跟我们卫生间的地漏的那个盖是一样的</s>
<time>248_00:11:11,040 --> 00:11:12,480</time>
<s>它会有一个小小圆圆的地漏</s>
<time>249_00:11:13,200 --> 00:11:14,280</time>
<s>然后里面有几个孔</s>
<time>250_00:11:14,640 --> 00:11:16,800</time>
<s>最后一次再把树叶和其他东西截到外边</s>
<time>251_00:11:17,520 --> 00:11:18,960</time>
<s>我们看到密集的城区了以后</s>
<time>252_00:11:19,320 --> 00:11:21,480</time>
<s>我们那天去冈山</s>
<time>253_00:11:22,200 --> 00:11:22,920</time>
<s>去冈山看的时候</s>
<time>254_00:11:23,280 --> 00:11:26,160</time>
<s>后乐园是很著名的一个古典的园林</s>
<time>255_00:11:26,880 --> 00:11:30,120</time>
<s>日本的很多园林里面有很多碎石沙子铺成的小路</s>
<time>256_00:11:32,640 --> 00:11:35,160</time>
<s>我们当时一直在想它如果说雨冲刷下来了以后</s>
<time>257_00:11:35,880 --> 00:11:37,680</time>
<s>这些石头子怎么去把它做清理</s>
<time>258_00:11:38,400 --> 00:11:40,560</time>
<s>因为清理和洗涤石头子是很麻烦的</s>
<time>259_00:11:41,280 --> 00:11:42,360</time>
<s>所以我们看到它的雨水口</s>
<time>260_00:11:42,720 --> 00:11:44,880</time>
<s>在雨水口里会有一个小桶这样一个铁桶</s>
<time>261_00:11:45,600 --> 00:11:48,480</time>
<s>这个铁桶底下有很多漏的眼</s>
<time>262_00:11:48,840 --> 00:11:50,280</time>
<s>所有的水进去了以后</s>
<time>263_00:11:50,640 --> 00:11:52,080</time>
<s>所有石头会留在这个铁桶里头</s>
<time>264_00:11:52,440 --> 00:11:54,960</time>
<s>他们会把这个雨水口拉出来</s>
<time>265_00:11:55,320 --> 00:11:56,400</time>
<s>然后把这个桶拉出来</s>
<time>266_00:11:57,120 --> 00:11:57,480</time>
<s>然后把石头倒出去</s>
<time>267_00:11:58,200 --> 00:11:58,560</time>
<s>清理干净</s>
<time>268_00:11:58,920 --> 00:11:59,640</time>
<s>再把这个东西放回去</s>
<time>269_00:12:00,360 --> 00:12:03,600</time>
<s>这是在京都我们当时拍到的一个沟</s>
<time>270_00:12:04,320 --> 00:12:08,280</time>
<s>这个沟我们在日本经常会看到</s>
<time>271_00:12:08,640 --> 00:12:10,800</time>
<s>但是在国内慢慢看不到这种沟渠</s>
<time>272_00:12:11,160 --> 00:12:14,760</time>
<s>它的沟渠就是地面的水会流到这个雨水口里头</s>
<time>273_00:12:15,120 --> 00:12:16,560</time>
<s>再流到沟渠里头来</s>
<time>274_00:12:17,280 --> 00:12:19,440</time>
<s>它最简单的方法就是在这个位置放一个挡板</s>
<time>275_00:12:20,160 --> 00:12:23,040</time>
<s>我把能隔住的油垃圾尽量地存在这</s>
<time>276_00:12:23,400 --> 00:12:24,480</time>
<s>我定期地去清理它</s>
<time>277_00:12:25,200 --> 00:12:29,160</time>
<s>这个就是它所有的道路可能会截断沟的位置</s>
<time>278_00:12:29,520 --> 00:12:31,320</time>
<s>它在这块会安上许多栅栏</s>
<time>279_00:12:31,680 --> 00:12:33,480</time>
<s>然后让你慢慢去清掏清理</s>
<time>280_00:12:34,200 --> 00:12:35,640</time>
<s>当然清理这边的时候还看到</s>
<time>281_00:12:36,000 --> 00:12:38,520</time>
<s>这里有一个跟垃圾一样的</s>
<time>282_00:12:38,880 --> 00:12:40,680</time>
<s>其实是为了把更好的水导流到这边来</s>
<time>283_00:12:41,040 --> 00:12:41,760</time>
<s>然后它不翻过来</s>
<time>284_00:12:42,480 --> 00:12:43,200</time>
<s>我们再看井盖</s>
<time>285_00:12:43,560 --> 00:12:45,360</time>
<s>我们从微信上能看到好多</s>
<time>286_00:12:45,720 --> 00:12:48,240</time>
<s>俄罗斯特别漂亮的井盖日本特别漂亮的井盖</s>
<time>287_00:12:48,600 --> 00:12:51,120</time>
<s>我们在东京这一次去发现的井盖</s>
<time>288_00:12:51,480 --> 00:12:54,000</time>
<s>发现所有地方的井盖做得再漂亮它也只是一个井</s>
<time>289_00:12:54,360 --> 00:12:55,800</time>
<s>它没有一些活动的部件</s>
<time>290_00:12:56,520 --> 00:12:58,680</time>
<s>我们这个井盖就像一个亲子盖</s>
<time>291_00:12:59,040 --> 00:12:59,760</time>
<s>这个里头有四个小孔</s>
<time>292_00:13:00,480 --> 00:13:01,920</time>
<s>前三个孔说明这个井</s>
<time>293_00:13:03,000 --> 00:13:05,880</time>
<s>我们现在看01井1C井3F</s>
<time>294_00:13:06,600 --> 00:13:08,760</time>
<s>这个井每一次维护和清理的记录</s>
<time>295_00:13:09,120 --> 00:13:09,840</time>
<s>在电脑里头都有</s>
<time>296_00:13:10,560 --> 00:13:13,080</time>
<s>然后在后面的73是证明这个井</s>
<time>297_00:13:13,440 --> 00:13:15,600</time>
<s>第一次设置的时候是1973年设置的</s>
<time>298_00:13:16,320 --> 00:13:19,560</time>
<s>它每一次换完井盖了以后都会复核一遍</s>
<time>299_00:13:20,640 --> 00:13:22,800</time>
<s>每一次它维修了以后都会复核一遍</s>
<time>300_00:13:23,160 --> 00:13:26,040</time>
<s>我们的井盖是不是对应的那个编号</s>
<time>301_00:13:26,400 --> 00:13:28,200</time>
<s>我们维护了以后怎么去管理它</s>
<time>302_00:13:28,920 --> 00:13:29,280</time>
<s>是不是已经记录上了</s>
<time>303_00:13:30,360 --> 00:13:31,440</time>
<s>我们看到日本的这些</s>
<time>304_00:13:31,800 --> 00:13:32,880</time>
<s>就觉得我们应该把这些东西纳进来</s>
<time>305_00:13:33,240 --> 00:13:35,400</time>
<s>但是很可惜的是我们公司没有人会日语</s>
<time>306_00:13:36,120 --> 00:13:38,280</time>
<s>所以最后大家决定买一个写真集</s>
<time>307_00:13:39,000 --> 00:13:40,440</time>
<s>专门是说管道是怎么清淤的</s>
<time>308_00:13:41,160 --> 00:13:43,320</time>
<s>这样的话可能最快的速度能让我们知道</s>
<time>309_00:13:44,040 --> 00:13:44,760</time>
<s>怎么去清理和维护</s>
<time>310_00:13:45,480 --> 00:13:47,640</time>
<s>所以我们也在日本找到了很多很多的书</s>
<time>311_00:13:48,000 --> 00:13:51,240</time>
<s>其中专门的一个下水道施工和维护的解说</s>
<time>312_00:13:51,960 --> 00:13:53,760</time>
<s>就特别适合像我们这样的工程师去阅读</s>
<time>313_00:13:57,720 --> 00:13:59,160</time>
<s>它就分别告诉了大家</s>
<time>314_00:13:59,520 --> 00:14:01,320</time>
<s>如果我们要去清理一个下水道的时候</s>
<time>315_00:14:01,680 --> 00:14:02,400</time>
<s>在400的管网</s>
<time>316_00:14:03,120 --> 00:14:06,360</time>
<s>这400相当于是0.4米我们是毫米单位</s>
<time>317_00:14:06,720 --> 00:14:09,240</time>
<s>800的管怎么清2000的管怎么清</s>
<time>318_00:14:09,600 --> 00:14:11,760</time>
<s>要从哪个位置作业井怎么下去</s>
<time>319_00:14:12,480 --> 00:14:15,360</time>
<s>是不是在你清理之前要把前一个井给堵上</s>
<time>320_00:14:16,080 --> 00:14:17,160</time>
<s>因为那个水可能会冒进来</s>
<time>321_00:14:17,520 --> 00:14:18,960</time>
<s>让你清理的工作都白费</s>
<time>322_00:14:19,320 --> 00:14:21,120</time>
<s>我们就把这个一一地阅读了以后</s>
<time>323_00:14:21,480 --> 00:14:24,000</time>
<s>我们也是需要慢慢地把它翻译出来然后发给大家</s>
<time>324_00:14:24,360 --> 00:14:25,800</time>
<s>主要文字量比较少也比较好翻译</s>
<time>325_00:14:26,520 --> 00:14:27,600</time>
<s>刚才看到的那个井</s>
<time>326_00:14:27,960 --> 00:14:31,920</time>
<s>我们现在的很多工作其实就放到了垃圾的清运和管理上</s>
<time>327_00:14:33,000 --> 00:14:35,160</time>
<s>大家都说下水道是城市的良心</s>
<time>328_00:14:37,320 --> 00:14:39,480</time>
<s>所以就有很多人花钱去建下水道</s>
<time>329_00:14:39,840 --> 00:14:42,720</time>
<s>其实我们觉得恰恰在现在这个时候</s>
<time>330_00:14:43,080 --> 00:14:45,240</time>
<s>我们很重要的是评估我们现在的管网</s>
<time>331_00:14:45,960 --> 00:14:48,120</time>
<s>到底哪一段需要修哪一段需要维护</s>
<time>332_00:14:48,840 --> 00:14:51,720</time>
<s>而不是一竿子打死把钱全砸在它身上</s>
<time>333_00:14:52,800 --> 00:14:55,680</time>
<s>所以我们现在做的最基本的一个工作其实特别简单</s>
<time>334_00:14:56,400 --> 00:14:57,480</time>
<s>就是你一段一段地去开井</s>
<time>335_00:14:58,200 --> 00:14:59,640</time>
<s>然后去把机器放进去</s>
<time>336_00:15:00,360 --> 00:15:02,160</time>
<s>然后看它到底是淤积还是堵塞</s>
<time>337_00:15:02,880 --> 00:15:03,240</time>
<s>到底有什么问题</s>
<time>338_00:15:03,960 --> 00:15:04,680</time>
<s>你把它全清楚了</s>
<time>339_00:15:05,400 --> 00:15:07,560</time>
<s>你再决定我是把这一段翻开了修</s>
<time>340_00:15:07,920 --> 00:15:11,880</time>
<s>还是我们把这一段完全就打破</s>
<time>341_00:15:12,600 --> 00:15:13,680</time>
<s>把所有的道路全都翻过来</s>
<time>342_00:15:14,040 --> 00:15:14,760</time>
<s>我干脆再埋一根</s>
<time>343_00:15:15,480 --> 00:15:15,840</time>
<s>那么再往后</s>
<time>344_00:15:16,200 --> 00:15:20,160</time>
<s>我们说的一直是一年到十年以内</s>
<time>345_00:15:20,880 --> 00:15:23,760</time>
<s>城市管网在承担的压力的这一部分的降雨</s>
<time>346_00:15:24,120 --> 00:15:26,640</time>
<s>我们再来说说</s>
<time>347_00:15:27,360 --> 00:15:30,240</time>
<s>二十年到一百年一遇的特大暴雨会是怎么样的情况</s>
<time>348_00:15:31,320 --> 00:15:34,560</time>
<s>其实在管网那一部分我们国内还是做了很多工作</s>
<time>349_00:15:34,920 --> 00:15:37,080</time>
<s>但是在大雨和特大型暴雨的时候</s>
<time>350_00:15:37,440 --> 00:15:41,040</time>
<s>确实我们这几十年是明显地能看到跟国际上是有差距的</s>
<time>351_00:15:42,480 --> 00:15:45,000</time>
<s>我们有几个案例给大家一一地说明</s>
<time>352_00:15:45,720 --> 00:15:47,880</time>
<s>这个是SASAKI二个景观公司</s>
<time>353_00:15:50,760 --> 00:15:53,640</time>
<s>台风以后在波士顿做的整个新的规划</s>
<time>354_00:15:54,360 --> 00:15:56,160</time>
<s>这个规划主要讲的是</s>
<time>355_00:15:56,880 --> 00:15:58,320</time>
<s>他们认为一百年以后</s>
<time>356_00:15:59,760 --> 00:16:00,480</time>
<s>潮水会顶上来</s>
<time>357_00:16:01,200 --> 00:16:02,640</time>
<s>同时会有更极端的暴雨</s>
<time>358_00:16:03,360 --> 00:16:05,880</time>
<s>我的城市在这双重的压力的挤压之下</s>
<time>359_00:16:06,600 --> 00:16:08,040</time>
<s>我是负担不了现在的功能的</s>
<time>360_00:16:08,760 --> 00:16:09,840</time>
<s>所以在现在一百年之前</s>
<time>361_00:16:10,200 --> 00:16:12,000</time>
<s>我要知道哪个地方是安全的</s>
<time>362_00:16:12,360 --> 00:16:13,800</time>
<s>哪个地方是人要迁走的</s>
<time>363_00:16:15,960 --> 00:16:17,400</time>
<s>这个项目当时在做的时候</s>
<time>364_00:16:17,760 --> 00:16:21,720</time>
<s>就分2050年和2100年两个时间节点</s>
<time>365_00:16:22,440 --> 00:16:24,600</time>
<s>把它的暴雨和它的海潮做叠加</s>
<time>366_00:16:25,320 --> 00:16:27,840</time>
<s>我们得出来整个这张是洪涝风险图</s>
<time>367_00:16:29,280 --> 00:16:31,080</time>
<s>看到这些蓝色的部分就是会被淹的地</s>
<time>368_00:16:32,160 --> 00:16:36,480</time>
<s>可能我们所有的这些最重要的电站我们的交通设施</s>
<time>369_00:16:37,200 --> 00:16:38,640</time>
<s>就不能布置在这些区域</s>
<time>370_00:16:39,360 --> 00:16:42,600</time>
<s>我们的人口可能要慢慢往其他的区域去迁移</s>
<time>371_00:16:43,680 --> 00:16:46,560</time>
<s>所以他们在用洪涝风险管理的图</s>
<time>372_00:16:46,920 --> 00:16:50,160</time>
<s>去管理这个城市到底哪部分该建哪部分不该建</s>
<time>373_00:16:50,880 --> 00:16:51,600</time>
<s>其实我们太熟悉这个了</s>
<time>374_00:16:52,320 --> 00:16:54,120</time>
<s>十刚才青岛那个视频其中说的有流句话太席人·科技·自日</s>
<time>375_00:16:54,840 --> 00:16:55,560</time>
<s>店我觉得说的特别地正确油法席人文·科技·自日梦</s>
<time>376_00:16:57,360 --> 00:16:57,720</time>
<s>店这个正确的话就叫做法席</s>
<time>377_00:16:58,080 --> 00:16:58,440</time>
<s>拓宁土油法席·技·自日梦</s>
<time>378_00:16:59,160 --> 00:17:00,600</time>
<s>台高出的地方几乎都没有积水油法席·科技</s>
<time>379_00:17:01,320 --> 00:17:02,400</time>
<s>我们每一年到洪涝的时候</s>
<time>380_00:17:02,760 --> 00:17:04,920</time>
<s>都会发现会有好多的微信上会写</s>
<time>381_00:17:05,640 --> 00:17:07,800</time>
<s>故宫600年从来没被淹过</s>
<time>382_00:17:08,520 --> 00:17:10,680</time>
<s>青岛所有的下水道德国人的良心</s>
<time>383_00:17:11,040 --> 00:17:11,760</time>
<s>种种这一类</s>
<time>384_00:17:12,840 --> 00:17:13,560</time>
<s>其实我觉得大家要客观地认识这个事情席心十</s>
<time>385_00:17:13,920 --> 00:17:14,280</time>
<s>宁其实我觉得大家要客观地认识这个事情中法席十</s>
<time>386_00:17:15,360 --> 00:17:18,960</time>
<s>故宫这么多年没有被淹的很重要的原因</s>
<time>387_00:17:19,320 --> 00:17:21,120</time>
<s>是在于当时在建设的时候</s>
<time>388_00:17:22,200 --> 00:17:24,000</time>
<s>它是可以选到一块比较高的地方的</s>
<time>389_00:17:25,080 --> 00:17:28,320</time>
<s>如果大家有兴趣去翻一翻广州这几十年的变化</s>
<time>390_00:17:28,680 --> 00:17:30,480</time>
<s>去翻一翻福州这几十年的变化</s>
<time>391_00:17:30,840 --> 00:17:33,360</time>
<s>你都会发现人临水而居的时候</s>
<time>392_00:17:33,720 --> 00:17:36,240</time>
<s>会找一个比较高离水也比较近的地方</s>
<time>393_00:17:37,320 --> 00:17:39,120</time>
<s>这个区域就不太容易会积水</s>
<time>394_00:17:39,840 --> 00:17:40,560</time>
<s>因为它比较高</s>
<time>395_00:17:40,920 --> 00:17:42,720</time>
<s>它会排到整个护城河里面</s>
<time>396_00:17:43,080 --> 00:17:45,600</time>
<s>他们挖那个河也是为了让它有一个排水的道</s>
<time>397_00:17:45,960 --> 00:17:49,920</time>
<s>甚至我们后边什刹海公园和相关的所有的河道连通</s>
<time>398_00:17:50,280 --> 00:17:51,720</time>
<s>就是为了把这些水都能排走</s>
<time>399_00:17:52,440 --> 00:17:56,400</time>
<s>所以我们看到那个龙吐水的排水管道很惊异</s>
<time>400_00:17:56,760 --> 00:17:58,560</time>
<s>但其实真正下暴雨的时候</s>
<time>401_00:17:58,920 --> 00:18:00,720</time>
<s>那个地方不会积水的很多的原因</s>
<time>402_00:18:01,080 --> 00:18:03,240</time>
<s>是因为它有很多路面的漫流的通道</s>
<time>403_00:18:03,960 --> 00:18:05,040</time>
<s>那今天的北京是这样的</s>
<time>404_00:18:05,760 --> 00:18:07,560</time>
<s>我们今天北京这么大的城市</s>
<time>405_00:18:08,640 --> 00:18:09,720</time>
<s>我们能把水排到哪</s>
<time>406_00:18:10,800 --> 00:18:11,520</time>
<s>我们自己在建设的时候</s>
<time>407_00:18:11,880 --> 00:18:13,320</time>
<s>整个的河道会越来越窄</s>
<time>408_00:18:14,400 --> 00:18:15,840</time>
<s>我们没有那么多的空间了</s>
<time>409_00:18:16,200 --> 00:18:17,280</time>
<s>那是不是我们就不做了</s>
<time>410_00:18:17,640 --> 00:18:20,880</time>
<s>我们也是从其他的地方又看到了一些做法</s>
<time>411_00:18:21,960 --> 00:18:24,480</time>
<s>这其实是基于洪涝风险图很普遍的做法</s>
<time>412_00:18:25,200 --> 00:18:26,280</time>
<s>这个是在美国丹佛</s>
<time>413_00:18:27,000 --> 00:18:29,160</time>
<s>丹佛这个城市我们能看到的是</s>
<time>414_00:18:30,240 --> 00:18:31,680</time>
<s>左边这个图我先跟大家解释一下</s>
<time>415_00:18:32,040 --> 00:18:33,120</time>
<s>灰色的可以理解为</s>
<time>416_00:18:33,840 --> 00:18:36,000</time>
<s>特别特别大的暴雨才会到的位置</s>
<time>417_00:18:37,080 --> 00:18:40,320</time>
<s>这个粉色的是它经常</s>
<time>418_00:18:40,680 --> 00:18:41,400</time>
<s>我们说的经常是</s>
<time>419_00:18:41,760 --> 00:18:43,920</time>
<s>比如二十年或者五十年就会淹到的位置</s>
<time>420_00:18:44,640 --> 00:18:48,600</time>
<s>所有的蓝色的线条都是大家要保护住这个地方</s>
<time>421_00:18:48,960 --> 00:18:50,400</time>
<s>让水能够直接通过去的地方</s>
<time>422_00:18:51,120 --> 00:18:52,560</time>
<s>因为水它一定会找低的地方走</s>
<time>423_00:18:53,280 --> 00:18:54,720</time>
<s>它就一定会要保留它的通道</s>
<time>424_00:18:55,080 --> 00:18:56,520</time>
<s>我们可以注意到中间有一个体育馆</s>
<time>425_00:18:57,960 --> 00:19:00,480</time>
<s>这个体育馆实际上是在暴雨的时候会被淹没的</s>
<time>426_00:19:01,200 --> 00:19:04,080</time>
<s>第二个能看到我们这个区域的图</s>
<time>427_00:19:04,800 --> 00:19:06,960</time>
<s>洪涝所流经的线路</s>
<time>428_00:19:07,320 --> 00:19:10,560</time>
<s>和我们这个图上所有的绿地的分布几乎是一致的</s>
<time>429_00:19:11,640 --> 00:19:12,720</time>
<s>唯一不一致的是这一段</s>
<time>430_00:19:14,520 --> 00:19:16,320</time>
<s>这一段已经是建成的开发区了</s>
<time>431_00:19:16,680 --> 00:19:18,120</time>
<s>所以建成的开发区这一块</s>
<time>432_00:19:18,480 --> 00:19:21,720</time>
<s>它是要求它的地势要留出那个水能流过去的坡度</s>
<time>433_00:19:22,440 --> 00:19:24,600</time>
<s>还有就是容易被淹的灰色的区域</s>
<time>434_00:19:25,320 --> 00:19:26,760</time>
<s>是完全都不开发了吗？</s>
<time>435_00:19:27,120 --> 00:19:28,920</time>
<s>而是把它的用地做成一些工业用地</s>
<time>436_00:19:29,640 --> 00:19:32,880</time>
<s>或者是在城市里头没有那么多价值的地方</s>
<time>437_00:19:33,240 --> 00:19:35,400</time>
<s>包括变成一些湿地或者是公园</s>
<time>438_00:19:35,760 --> 00:19:37,560</time>
<s>这个就是刚才我们看到的建筑物</s>
<time>439_00:19:38,280 --> 00:19:39,720</time>
<s>就是整个的体育场</s>
<time>440_00:19:40,080 --> 00:19:44,040</time>
<s>体育场下边的这一块位置都是可以被淹的</s>
<time>441_00:19:44,400 --> 00:19:48,720</time>
<s>所以体育场这一块有一个一直往上走的坡</s>
<time>442_00:19:49,080 --> 00:19:50,520</time>
<s>真正的地基是高于地面很多的</s>
<time>443_00:19:50,880 --> 00:19:53,040</time>
<s>是为了体育场的主体工程不会被淹</s>
<time>444_00:19:53,400 --> 00:19:54,840</time>
<s>这张图片是丹佛的</s>
<time>445_00:19:55,200 --> 00:19:57,720</time>
<s>我们刚才说在绿地和绿地之间的那一块</s>
<time>446_00:19:58,080 --> 00:19:59,880</time>
<s>一定要留出来的预留的径流的通道</s>
<time>447_00:20:00,600 --> 00:20:01,320</time>
<s>方法也很简单</s>
<time>448_00:20:01,680 --> 00:20:02,040</time>
<s>开几个小孔</s>
<time>449_00:20:02,760 --> 00:20:04,560</time>
<s>然后让两边道路往中间铺</s>
<time>450_00:20:04,920 --> 00:20:08,160</time>
<s>这一部分就变成了水要走的整个的流线</s>
<time>451_00:20:09,240 --> 00:20:10,680</time>
<s>我们再去看看邻国日本</s>
<time>452_00:20:11,040 --> 00:20:12,120</time>
<s>日本的开发太密集了</s>
<time>453_00:20:12,480 --> 00:20:15,360</time>
<s>所以它没有那么多的地方去建那些绿地公园</s>
<time>454_00:20:15,720 --> 00:20:16,800</time>
<s>跟丹佛的情况也不同</s>
<time>455_00:20:17,520 --> 00:20:19,320</time>
<s>所以大家可能就认命了</s>
<time>456_00:20:20,040 --> 00:20:22,560</time>
<s>所以日本很重要的是要评估出来</s>
<time>457_00:20:22,920 --> 00:20:25,080</time>
<s>我们在多少年一遇的情况下</s>
<time>458_00:20:25,440 --> 00:20:26,880</time>
<s>我们这些区域会2米</s>
<time>459_00:20:27,240 --> 00:20:28,320</time>
<s>这些区域会淹0.5米</s>
<time>460_00:20:29,040 --> 00:20:31,200</time>
<s>看到深蓝色的区域都是会2米的位置</s>
<time>461_00:20:31,920 --> 00:20:34,080</time>
<s>所以要留出来撤离和其他的应急抢险的通道</s>
<time>462_00:20:35,160 --> 00:20:38,040</time>
<s>还有就是因为日本的城市用地太紧张了</s>
<time>463_00:20:38,760 --> 00:20:42,000</time>
<s>他们会把一层留出来做专门蓄水的空间</s>
<time>464_00:20:42,720 --> 00:20:43,080</time>
<s>比如说像这张图</s>
<time>465_00:20:43,800 --> 00:20:47,400</time>
<s>这个是我们在妙正寺川走的时候发现</s>
<time>466_00:20:47,760 --> 00:20:51,000</time>
<s>沿着妙正寺川每隔那么五六百米或者一公里</s>
<time>467_00:20:51,720 --> 00:20:53,160</time>
<s>就会有一个大的调蓄池</s>
<time>468_00:20:53,880 --> 00:20:58,920</time>
<s>当这个水流过来的时候</s>
<time>469_00:20:59,280 --> 00:21:01,800</time>
<s>这个调蓄池是保证没有那么多的水流到下游去</s>
<time>470_00:21:03,240 --> 00:21:05,400</time>
<s>如果你把水全都排走水就到下游了</s>
<time>471_00:21:05,760 --> 00:21:06,480</time>
<s>到下游就是东京</s>
<time>472_00:21:07,200 --> 00:21:09,000</time>
<s>这是妙正寺川整个小区的一层</s>
<time>473_00:21:09,720 --> 00:21:12,240</time>
<s>这个一层平时就是一个活动空间</s>
<time>474_00:21:12,600 --> 00:21:12,960</time>
<s>有人去踢球</s>
<time>475_00:21:13,320 --> 00:21:13,680</time>
<s>有人去玩</s>
<time>476_00:21:14,040 --> 00:21:15,480</time>
<s>但是真正暴雨下来的时候</s>
<time>477_00:21:15,840 --> 00:21:17,280</time>
<s>就会马上全部被淹掉</s>
<time>478_00:21:18,000 --> 00:21:19,080</time>
<s>这种空间在日本特别多</s>
<time>479_00:21:19,800 --> 00:21:22,680</time>
<s>我们再回过头来看我们自己中国有没有</s>
<time>480_00:21:23,040 --> 00:21:30,600</time>
<s>这是十多年前我们老师曾经在亦庄做的一个调蓄设施</s>
<time>481_00:21:31,320 --> 00:21:32,040</time>
<s>这是一个公园</s>
<time>482_00:21:33,840 --> 00:21:35,280</time>
<s>周边原先是一个采石场</s>
<time>483_00:21:35,640 --> 00:21:37,800</time>
<s>这个采石场被人挖开采石了以后</s>
<time>484_00:21:38,160 --> 00:21:38,880</time>
<s>变成一个特别巨大的坑</s>
<time>485_00:21:39,960 --> 00:21:40,320</time>
<s>别人没办法</s>
<time>486_00:21:40,680 --> 00:21:41,400</time>
<s>后来找到我们</s>
<time>487_00:21:41,760 --> 00:21:43,920</time>
<s>我们说那就把它变成一个多功能调蓄的公园好了</s>
<time>488_00:21:44,280 --> 00:21:46,080</time>
<s>周边的水全都汇到这边来</s>
<time>489_00:21:47,160 --> 00:21:49,320</time>
<s>最底下的这一层是平时的水位</s>
<time>490_00:21:49,680 --> 00:21:51,840</time>
<s>它的水位越高淹没的面积越大</s>
<time>491_00:21:52,200 --> 00:21:54,000</time>
<s>大概周边五十到一百年的雨</s>
<time>492_00:21:54,360 --> 00:21:57,240</time>
<s>是全部能汇集到这个坑塘里面去进行调蓄的</s>
<time>493_00:21:57,960 --> 00:21:58,680</time>
<s>不会影响到下游</s>
<time>494_00:21:59,400 --> 00:22:00,840</time>
<s>这个坑塘从现在来看</s>
<time>495_00:22:01,560 --> 00:22:03,360</time>
<s>当然其实当时我们能力有限</s>
<time>496_00:22:03,720 --> 00:22:05,880</time>
<s>当时我们尽全力去做了</s>
<time>497_00:22:06,240 --> 00:22:09,120</time>
<s>但是如果我们能把它恢复成更有意义的场地</s>
<time>498_00:22:09,480 --> 00:22:10,920</time>
<s>会有好多小朋友玩的空间</s>
<time>499_00:22:11,640 --> 00:22:14,880</time>
<s>可以让好多的生态的鸟类在这栖息</s>
<time>500_00:22:15,240 --> 00:22:17,040</time>
<s>它变成一个跟湿地一样的公园</s>
<time>501_00:22:17,400 --> 00:22:18,840</time>
<s>现在虽然也有好多野鸭子</s>
<time>502_00:22:19,200 --> 00:22:20,640</time>
<s>但是人的亲水性是不强的</s>
<time>503_00:22:21,360 --> 00:22:22,800</time>
<s>那也许就是另外一番景象了</s>
<time>504_00:22:23,160 --> 00:22:24,240</time>
<s>我们再看这个公园</s>
<time>505_00:22:24,600 --> 00:22:27,840</time>
<s>在2012年7月21号的那场暴雨</s>
<time>506_00:22:28,920 --> 00:22:30,000</time>
<s>整个把这个公园全都淹掉了</s>
<time>507_00:22:30,360 --> 00:22:31,800</time>
<s>但周边没有任何问题</s>
<time>508_00:22:32,160 --> 00:22:36,120</time>
<s>所以这一类是我们觉得应对暴雨的一个很重要的方式</s>
<time>509_00:22:36,840 --> 00:22:37,200</time>
<s>是因为</s>
<time>510_00:22:38,280 --> 00:22:39,360</time>
<s>五十年一遇的雨</s>
<time>511_00:22:39,720 --> 00:22:42,600</time>
<s>也就意味着你所有的设施都要五十年才会用上一回</s>
<time>512_00:22:43,320 --> 00:22:45,120</time>
<s>所以你必须要考虑它日常的功能</s>
<time>513_00:22:45,480 --> 00:22:49,080</time>
<s>你才能够让它变成一个合理的投资</s>
<time>514_00:22:50,520 --> 00:22:53,040</time>
<s>我们说完洪涝以后再回头说说径流污染</s>
<time>515_00:22:54,120 --> 00:22:57,360</time>
<s>径流污染基本上有两部分构成雨水的污染</s>
<time>516_00:22:58,080 --> 00:22:58,800</time>
<s>第一部分就是雨</s>
<time>517_00:22:59,880 --> 00:23:03,120</time>
<s>这个雨下下来以后到所有的雨水口里头去</s>
<time>518_00:23:03,480 --> 00:23:04,560</time>
<s>我们都觉得雨还挺干净的</s>
<time>519_00:23:04,920 --> 00:23:06,000</time>
<s>但是我们地不干净啊</s>
