<time>2_00:00:16,920 --> 00:00:18,000</time>
<s>大家好</s>
<time>3_00:00:18,720 --> 00:00:19,800</time>
<s>我叫朱起鹏</s>
<time>4_00:00:20,160 --> 00:00:21,240</time>
<s>我来自北京</s>
<time>5_00:00:21,600 --> 00:00:22,320</time>
<s>我是一个建筑师</s>
<time>6_00:00:23,040 --> 00:00:25,560</time>
<s>首先感谢各位能坚持到现在</s>
<time>7_00:00:25,920 --> 00:00:26,280</time>
<s>都不容易</s>
<time>8_00:00:27,360 --> 00:00:29,160</time>
<s>当时跟我说朱起鹏</s>
<time>9_00:00:29,520 --> 00:00:32,040</time>
<s>把讲座给你排到最后一个</s>
<time>10_00:00:33,120 --> 00:00:33,480</time>
<s>我说为什么呢</s>
<time>11_00:00:34,200 --> 00:00:35,640</time>
<s>他说因为你这个讲座</s>
<time>12_00:00:36,000 --> 00:00:36,360</time>
<s>内容比较敏感</s>
<time>13_00:00:37,440 --> 00:00:38,160</time>
<s>放在最后一个</s>
<time>14_00:00:38,520 --> 00:00:39,960</time>
<s>便于我们整段切掉</s>
<time>15_00:00:44,280 --> 00:00:45,000</time>
<s>我说谢谢</s>
<time>16_00:00:46,080 --> 00:00:48,240</time>
<s>我讲的这题目叫</s>
<time>17_00:00:48,600 --> 00:00:50,400</time>
<s>北京私搭乱建局部史</s>
<time>18_00:00:51,480 --> 00:00:54,360</time>
<s>听起来其实就像一个很奇怪的题目</s>
<time>19_00:00:54,720 --> 00:00:56,520</time>
<s>谁臊眉搭眼地研究这个呢</s>
<time>20_00:00:57,240 --> 00:00:59,400</time>
<s>但是前面我听一哥们儿</s>
<time>21_00:00:59,760 --> 00:01:02,640</time>
<s>研究吃什么水果放屁是香的</s>
<time>22_00:01:03,360 --> 00:01:04,440</time>
<s>我突然觉得</s>
<time>23_00:01:04,800 --> 00:01:06,600</time>
<s>我这个也挺正式的还可以</s>
<time>24_00:01:12,720 --> 00:01:14,520</time>
<s>当然了研究这个东西</s>
<time>25_00:01:14,880 --> 00:01:15,240</time>
<s>肯定有个原因</s>
<time>26_00:01:16,680 --> 00:01:19,200</time>
<s>首先我在北京有一个非常小的公司</s>
<time>27_00:01:19,560 --> 00:01:21,000</time>
<s>我们哥几个一块合干的</s>
<time>28_00:01:21,720 --> 00:01:23,160</time>
<s>我们的事务所的名字叫做</s>
<time>29_00:01:23,520 --> 00:01:24,960</time>
<s>神奇建筑研究室</s>
<time>30_00:01:25,320 --> 00:01:26,040</time>
<s>一听就挺不靠谱的</s>
<time>31_00:01:28,200 --> 00:01:30,000</time>
<s>在2017年的4月份</s>
<time>32_00:01:30,360 --> 00:01:31,440</time>
<s>我们完成了这样一个项目</s>
<time>33_00:01:31,800 --> 00:01:34,680</time>
<s>是北京的一个四合院厢房的改造</s>
<time>34_00:01:35,400 --> 00:01:37,560</time>
<s>改造之前这厢房是这样的</s>
<time>35_00:01:37,920 --> 00:01:39,360</time>
<s>是一个很普通的老房子</s>
<time>36_00:01:40,080 --> 00:01:40,800</time>
<s>空间也很闭塞</s>
<time>37_00:01:41,160 --> 00:01:42,600</time>
<s>里面活得也挺憨屈的</s>
<time>38_00:01:43,320 --> 00:01:45,120</time>
<s>然后我们就做了一些设计</s>
<time>39_00:01:45,480 --> 00:01:48,360</time>
<s>大概就是这样的</s>
<time>40_00:01:49,440 --> 00:01:50,160</time>
<s>何老师肯定会觉得</s>
<time>41_00:01:50,520 --> 00:01:53,400</time>
<s>这又是一个建筑师自己瞎改的</s>
<time>42_00:01:54,840 --> 00:01:55,560</time>
<s>可能吧</s>
<time>43_00:01:56,640 --> 00:01:58,080</time>
<s>其实他说完我都想把这些掐了</s>
<time>44_00:01:58,440 --> 00:01:59,520</time>
<s>但是我后面又不知道怎么说</s>
<time>45_00:02:06,720 --> 00:02:08,160</time>
<s>所以排位非常重要</s>
<time>46_00:02:08,520 --> 00:02:11,040</time>
<s>我完全可以说点能播的</s>
<time>47_00:02:12,840 --> 00:02:13,920</time>
<s>当然这项目没什么了不起</s>
<time>48_00:02:14,280 --> 00:02:15,000</time>
<s>设计其实也就那样</s>
<time>49_00:02:15,720 --> 00:02:16,800</time>
<s>但我们这有一个很特别</s>
<time>50_00:02:17,160 --> 00:02:20,040</time>
<s>就是我们的业主不是房主</s>
<time>51_00:02:20,760 --> 00:02:21,120</time>
<s>他是一个租户</s>
<time>52_00:02:21,840 --> 00:02:22,920</time>
<s>他租了十年</s>
<time>53_00:02:24,000 --> 00:02:24,720</time>
<s>所以我们所有的设计</s>
<time>54_00:02:25,080 --> 00:02:25,800</time>
<s>基本就是围绕着</s>
<time>55_00:02:26,520 --> 00:02:27,600</time>
<s>业主在十年的时间里面</s>
<time>56_00:02:27,960 --> 00:02:29,760</time>
<s>承租的状态去做的</s>
<time>57_00:02:30,480 --> 00:02:32,640</time>
<s>我们尽量没动这个房子本身的本体</s>
<time>58_00:02:33,000 --> 00:02:34,080</time>
<s>加了一些乱七八糟的东西</s>
<time>59_00:02:34,440 --> 00:02:35,160</time>
<s>很漂亮的姑娘在里面拍照</s>
<time>60_00:02:36,600 --> 00:02:39,120</time>
<s>这个项目做得其实挺一般</s>
<time>61_00:02:39,480 --> 00:02:41,640</time>
<s>但是还是登上了美国当时</s>
<time>62_00:02:42,000 --> 00:02:43,080</time>
<s>ArchDaily的一个网站</s>
<time>63_00:02:43,440 --> 00:02:44,520</time>
<s>然后还上了热门</s>
<time>64_00:02:45,600 --> 00:02:47,760</time>
<s>当然了ArchDaily每年上一万多个建筑</s>
<time>65_00:02:48,120 --> 00:02:48,480</time>
<s>这个很正常</s>
<time>66_00:02:51,000 --> 00:02:53,520</time>
<s>但对于我来讲就有商业的用途</s>
<time>67_00:02:53,880 --> 00:02:54,960</time>
<s>我就给我的甲方打电话了</s>
<time>68_00:02:55,320 --> 00:02:57,120</time>
<s>我说老板你知道吗</s>
<time>69_00:02:57,480 --> 00:02:59,280</time>
<s>咱们这个项目上了美国的网站</s>
<time>70_00:02:59,640 --> 00:03:00,360</time>
<s>全世界都知道你了</s>
<time>71_00:03:01,440 --> 00:03:02,880</time>
<s>你觉不觉得很好呀</s>
<time>72_00:03:03,600 --> 00:03:05,040</time>
<s>当然我的目的很单纯</s>
<time>73_00:03:05,400 --> 00:03:05,760</time>
<s>我只不过是为了</s>
<time>74_00:03:06,120 --> 00:03:07,200</time>
<s>把后面的设计费要回来</s>
<time>75_00:03:09,720 --> 00:03:11,160</time>
<s>但是出乎我的意料</s>
<time>76_00:03:11,880 --> 00:03:13,320</time>
<s>甲方并没有很开心</s>
<time>77_00:03:13,680 --> 00:03:14,040</time>
<s>他说小朱</s>
<time>78_00:03:14,760 --> 00:03:15,840</time>
<s>你最近是不是没来过城里</s>
<time>79_00:03:16,200 --> 00:03:16,560</time>
<s>我说怎么了</s>
<time>80_00:03:16,920 --> 00:03:18,720</time>
<s>他说我给你看一张照片</s>
<time>81_00:03:23,400 --> 00:03:24,120</time>
<s>就在那段时间</s>
<time>82_00:03:24,840 --> 00:03:27,000</time>
<s>北京掀起了一场轰轰烈烈的</s>
<time>83_00:03:27,360 --> 00:03:29,160</time>
<s>城市的综合治理的行动</s>
<time>84_00:03:29,880 --> 00:03:32,040</time>
<s>我们甲方说他很担心</s>
<time>85_00:03:32,400 --> 00:03:33,840</time>
<s>担心这个房子成为</s>
<time>86_00:03:34,560 --> 00:03:36,720</time>
<s>对就差不多这意思吧</s>
<time>87_00:03:37,440 --> 00:03:37,800</time>
<s>我其实还好</s>
<time>88_00:03:38,160 --> 00:03:38,880</time>
<s>我当时跟他解释</s>
<time>89_00:03:39,240 --> 00:03:39,600</time>
<s>我说第一</s>
<time>90_00:03:40,320 --> 00:03:41,040</time>
<s>咱们的这个场地</s>
<time>91_00:03:41,760 --> 00:03:42,840</time>
<s>没有超出原有建筑的边界</s>
<time>92_00:03:43,200 --> 00:03:44,640</time>
<s>第二没有高出周围的房子</s>
<time>93_00:03:45,360 --> 00:03:45,720</time>
<s>这没问题呀</s>
<time>94_00:03:46,080 --> 00:03:47,880</time>
<s>其实我个人是挺担心</s>
<time>95_00:03:48,600 --> 00:03:48,960</time>
<s>这个东西的</s>
<time>96_00:03:49,680 --> 00:03:50,400</time>
<s>就是前面这一块</s>
<time>97_00:03:52,560 --> 00:03:52,920</time>
<s>为什么呢</s>
<time>98_00:03:53,280 --> 00:03:55,440</time>
<s>因为我们还有一个项目是这样的</s>
<time>99_00:03:56,160 --> 00:03:57,600</time>
<s>我这个项目也在胡同里</s>
<time>100_00:03:58,320 --> 00:03:59,400</time>
<s>这个项目几乎是</s>
<time>101_00:03:59,760 --> 00:04:00,840</time>
<s>在用生命来诠释</s>
<time>102_00:04:01,560 --> 00:04:02,640</time>
<s>什么叫拆墙打洞</s>
<time>103_00:04:04,800 --> 00:04:06,240</time>
<s>这个房子原先它就是</s>
<time>104_00:04:06,600 --> 00:04:08,760</time>
<s>四合院的一个后罩房的一间</s>
<time>105_00:04:09,480 --> 00:04:10,920</time>
<s>当时开了个门开了个窗户</s>
<time>106_00:04:11,280 --> 00:04:11,640</time>
<s>这不是我开的</s>
<time>107_00:04:12,000 --> 00:04:12,360</time>
<s>这原来就有</s>
<time>108_00:04:13,080 --> 00:04:14,520</time>
<s>这住着一户人</s>
<time>109_00:04:15,240 --> 00:04:15,960</time>
<s>然后住着挺悠屈的</s>
<time>110_00:04:16,320 --> 00:04:17,040</time>
<s>它15平米</s>
<time>111_00:04:18,120 --> 00:04:19,560</time>
<s>我们的改造挺简单</s>
<time>112_00:04:19,920 --> 00:04:21,000</time>
<s>我们往里加入了一组</s>
<time>113_00:04:21,360 --> 00:04:22,800</time>
<s>类似家具的东西</s>
<time>114_00:04:23,520 --> 00:04:25,680</time>
<s>然后让它也是区隔出了</s>
<time>115_00:04:26,040 --> 00:04:27,120</time>
<s>公共的私密的区域</s>
<time>116_00:04:27,480 --> 00:04:28,200</time>
<s>塞进了卫生间</s>
<time>117_00:04:28,920 --> 00:04:30,000</time>
<s>女孩子喜欢的衣帽间</s>
<time>118_00:04:30,360 --> 00:04:30,720</time>
<s>还有一个工作室</s>
<time>119_00:04:31,800 --> 00:04:32,520</time>
<s>工作室可以</s>
<time>120_00:04:33,240 --> 00:04:35,400</time>
<s>然后你还能在这个阶梯上看电影</s>
<time>121_00:04:36,120 --> 00:04:37,200</time>
<s>你不怕摔着就可以看电影没问题</s>
<time>122_00:04:38,640 --> 00:04:41,160</time>
<s>这个房子改完之后其实是这样的</s>
<time>123_00:04:42,240 --> 00:04:44,040</time>
<s>我们想叫它橱窗之家</s>
<time>124_00:04:44,760 --> 00:04:46,200</time>
<s>我们当时想拍这个房子</s>
<time>125_00:04:46,560 --> 00:04:48,360</time>
<s>就找了一个模特一个小姑娘朋友</s>
<time>126_00:04:49,440 --> 00:04:50,880</time>
<s>这姑娘自然站进去</s>
<time>127_00:04:58,800 --> 00:05:00,240</time>
<s>这就是设计师的魅力</s>
<time>128_00:05:02,040 --> 00:05:03,840</time>
<s>我空间塑造它就是这种形态的</s>
<time>129_00:05:06,000 --> 00:05:06,720</time>
<s>但是话说回来</s>
<time>130_00:05:07,800 --> 00:05:08,520</time>
<s>这个建筑很危险</s>
<time>131_00:05:08,880 --> 00:05:09,600</time>
<s>明显是个橱窗</s>
<time>132_00:05:10,680 --> 00:05:13,200</time>
<s>所以对于我这个青年企业家来说</s>
<time>133_00:05:13,560 --> 00:05:14,280</time>
<s>只有两个人的公司</s>
<time>134_00:05:16,800 --> 00:05:17,520</time>
<s>我很紧张</s>
<time>135_00:05:18,240 --> 00:05:18,960</time>
<s>为什么紧张呢</s>
<time>136_00:05:19,680 --> 00:05:22,200</time>
<s>因为我们一上来的两个设计的作品</s>
<time>137_00:05:22,920 --> 00:05:24,360</time>
<s>它可能都面临着</s>
<time>138_00:05:24,720 --> 00:05:26,880</time>
<s>在城市管理中的一个状态</s>
<time>139_00:05:27,960 --> 00:05:29,040</time>
<s>要么被划为私搭乱建</s>
<time>140_00:05:29,400 --> 00:05:30,480</time>
<s>要么被划成拆墙打洞</s>
<time>141_00:05:31,920 --> 00:05:32,640</time>
<s>我很紧张</s>
<time>142_00:05:33,360 --> 00:05:34,440</time>
<s>但是没关系</s>
<time>143_00:05:34,800 --> 00:05:35,160</time>
<s>国家有政策</s>
<time>144_00:05:35,520 --> 00:05:36,960</time>
<s>我们学习我们研究</s>
<time>145_00:05:38,040 --> 00:05:39,120</time>
<s>所以我就仔细地在看</s>
<time>146_00:05:39,840 --> 00:05:40,920</time>
<s>所有的有关这方面的文本</s>
<time>147_00:05:42,000 --> 00:05:42,720</time>
<s>政府出台的</s>
<time>148_00:05:43,080 --> 00:05:43,800</time>
<s>各个媒体出来的</s>
<time>149_00:05:44,880 --> 00:05:45,240</time>
<s>我注意到一个点</s>
<time>150_00:05:46,320 --> 00:05:48,480</time>
<s>所有的表述都在指向一个目标</s>
<time>151_00:05:49,200 --> 00:05:49,920</time>
<s>这个目标叫做</s>
<time>152_00:05:51,000 --> 00:05:53,880</time>
<s>恢复清末民初的老北京风貌</s>
<time>153_00:05:54,960 --> 00:05:57,480</time>
<s>清末民初的老北京风貌这是吗</s>
<time>154_00:05:58,920 --> 00:06:00,360</time>
<s>恢复成这样不知道</s>
<time>155_00:06:01,800 --> 00:06:02,880</time>
<s>但只要有目标就好</s>
<time>156_00:06:03,960 --> 00:06:04,680</time>
<s>那我们就研究呗</s>
<time>157_00:06:05,400 --> 00:06:06,120</time>
<s>所以我真的找到了一张</s>
<time>158_00:06:07,200 --> 00:06:08,640</time>
<s>在大概那个时代</s>
<time>159_00:06:09,000 --> 00:06:10,440</time>
<s>北京的四合院街区的照片</s>
<time>160_00:06:11,160 --> 00:06:12,240</time>
<s>熟悉北京的同学应该能看出来</s>
<time>161_00:06:12,960 --> 00:06:15,120</time>
<s>这面是北海的白塔</s>
<time>162_00:06:16,200 --> 00:06:17,640</time>
<s>这个位置应该是地安门外大街</s>
<time>163_00:06:18,360 --> 00:06:19,800</time>
<s>这面就是你们经常喝酒吧</s>
<time>164_00:06:20,160 --> 00:06:21,240</time>
<s>泡妞的那个叫前海</s>
<time>165_00:06:22,320 --> 00:06:24,840</time>
<s>你会看到在这一张照片里面</s>
<time>166_00:06:25,200 --> 00:06:27,360</time>
<s>它显示的四合院的状态</s>
<time>167_00:06:28,080 --> 00:06:28,800</time>
<s>跟我们想象中不太一样</s>
<time>168_00:06:29,160 --> 00:06:29,880</time>
<s>你会发现这样的东西</s>
<time>169_00:06:32,040 --> 00:06:34,200</time>
<s>院子里面非建筑区域</s>
<time>170_00:06:35,640 --> 00:06:37,440</time>
<s>搭出了高出建筑高度的棚子</s>
<time>171_00:06:40,320 --> 00:06:41,040</time>
<s>这是你们说的</s>
<time>172_00:06:41,400 --> 00:06:42,480</time>
<s>（清末民初）（口误）</s>
<time>173_00:06:42,840 --> 00:06:43,560</time>
<s>老北京</s>
<time>174_00:06:45,720 --> 00:06:47,160</time>
<s>还不止一处七处</s>
<time>175_00:06:53,640 --> 00:06:54,720</time>
<s>后来我们就不理解</s>
<time>176_00:06:55,080 --> 00:06:56,160</time>
<s>我就问我们的老师</s>
<time>177_00:06:56,520 --> 00:06:56,880</time>
<s>我们老师说</s>
<time>178_00:06:57,240 --> 00:06:58,680</time>
<s>哎呀傻小子你就外行了</s>
<time>179_00:07:00,120 --> 00:07:01,560</time>
<s>我们现在看到的四合院</s>
<time>180_00:07:02,280 --> 00:07:02,640</time>
<s>你看到的是这样的</s>
<time>181_00:07:04,080 --> 00:07:04,800</time>
<s>一正两厢</s>
<time>182_00:07:05,520 --> 00:07:06,600</time>
<s>前面有一倒座</s>
<time>183_00:07:06,960 --> 00:07:07,680</time>
<s>后面有一个后罩房</s>
<time>184_00:07:08,400 --> 00:07:09,120</time>
<s>但实际上</s>
<time>185_00:07:09,840 --> 00:07:11,640</time>
<s>在这些建筑新建的那个时代</s>
<time>186_00:07:12,360 --> 00:07:12,720</time>
<s>他们不是这么用的</s>
<time>187_00:07:13,440 --> 00:07:14,880</time>
<s>人的生活是很多样的</s>
<time>188_00:07:15,240 --> 00:07:16,680</time>
<s>他有居住在房间里的时候</s>
<time>189_00:07:17,040 --> 00:07:18,480</time>
<s>他也有需要公共场所</s>
<time>190_00:07:18,840 --> 00:07:19,560</time>
<s>来弹性使用的时候</s>
<time>191_00:07:20,280 --> 00:07:21,720</time>
<s>所以很大程度上他是这样用</s>
<time>192_00:07:23,160 --> 00:07:25,320</time>
<s>老北京的院子夏天要搭凉棚</s>
<time>193_00:07:26,040 --> 00:07:26,760</time>
<s>冬天要搭暖棚</s>
<time>194_00:07:27,840 --> 00:07:29,640</time>
<s>在当时甚至有一个专门的行业</s>
<time>195_00:07:30,360 --> 00:07:30,720</time>
<s>叫做棚行</s>
<time>196_00:07:31,440 --> 00:07:32,880</time>
<s>这一些精明的匠人</s>
<time>197_00:07:33,600 --> 00:07:34,680</time>
<s>在每年的五月份</s>
<time>198_00:07:35,400 --> 00:07:36,120</time>
<s>就开始进入各个院</s>
<time>199_00:07:36,840 --> 00:07:39,000</time>
<s>然后原木架子搭起来这个罩棚</s>
<time>200_00:07:39,360 --> 00:07:40,080</time>
<s>然后上面覆有席子</s>
<time>201_00:07:41,160 --> 00:07:42,240</time>
<s>他在搭的这个过程当中</s>
<time>202_00:07:42,600 --> 00:07:44,040</time>
<s>甚至不碰你院子里的一草一木</s>
<time>203_00:07:44,400 --> 00:07:45,480</time>
<s>连那个基础都不做的</s>
<time>204_00:07:45,840 --> 00:07:48,000</time>
<s>就靠自身的牵引的力量</s>
<time>205_00:07:48,360 --> 00:07:49,080</time>
<s>就扒在房子上</s>
<time>206_00:07:50,160 --> 00:07:51,240</time>
<s>有些罩棚是非常精巧的</s>
<time>207_00:07:51,600 --> 00:07:51,960</time>
<s>比如这个</s>
<time>208_00:07:52,680 --> 00:07:53,760</time>
<s>你可以看到它上部的席子</s>
<time>209_00:07:54,120 --> 00:07:54,840</time>
<s>是可以开合的</s>
<time>210_00:07:55,200 --> 00:07:55,560</time>
<s>能拉拽开合</s>
<time>211_00:07:57,360 --> 00:07:58,800</time>
<s>阳光很强烈的时候能挡上</s>
<time>212_00:07:59,520 --> 00:08:01,320</time>
<s>阳光落下去晚上风一来</s>
<time>213_00:08:01,680 --> 00:08:02,400</time>
<s>把它打开通风</s>
<time>214_00:08:03,840 --> 00:08:05,640</time>
<s>北京当时大量的建筑</s>
<time>215_00:08:06,000 --> 00:08:07,800</time>
<s>都会产生这种季节性的</s>
<time>216_00:08:08,160 --> 00:08:09,600</time>
<s>叫做非正式的一个建造</s>
<time>217_00:08:10,680 --> 00:08:11,760</time>
<s>所以说很多院子</s>
<time>218_00:08:12,840 --> 00:08:13,560</time>
<s>你真正在那个时代</s>
<time>219_00:08:13,920 --> 00:08:14,640</time>
<s>你去拍摄夏天</s>
<time>220_00:08:15,360 --> 00:08:15,720</time>
<s>都是这样的</s>
<time>221_00:08:16,800 --> 00:08:18,240</time>
<s>人家已经把一个外部空间</s>
<time>222_00:08:18,600 --> 00:08:19,680</time>
<s>内化为一个室内空间</s>
<time>223_00:08:21,120 --> 00:08:22,560</time>
<s>所以说这其实给我很多启示</s>
<time>224_00:08:22,920 --> 00:08:24,720</time>
<s>就是说在这样一个</s>
<time>225_00:08:25,440 --> 00:08:28,320</time>
<s>在正统建造逻辑之外的一个行业</s>
<time>226_00:08:29,040 --> 00:08:30,120</time>
<s>它形成了一个巨大的产业</s>
<time>227_00:08:30,480 --> 00:08:31,200</time>
<s>它有悠久的历史</s>
<time>228_00:08:31,920 --> 00:08:32,640</time>
<s>它曾经影响这个城市</s>
<time>229_00:08:33,360 --> 00:08:34,440</time>
<s>这么多的外部的面貌</s>
<time>230_00:08:35,160 --> 00:08:36,600</time>
<s>但实际上没有人去研究过它</s>
<time>231_00:08:37,320 --> 00:08:39,120</time>
<s>所以我想我们也马上快失业了</s>
<time>232_00:08:40,200 --> 00:08:40,920</time>
<s>我们就研究一下</s>
<time>233_00:08:41,640 --> 00:08:42,720</time>
<s>关于北京这座城市</s>
<time>234_00:08:43,440 --> 00:08:45,240</time>
<s>被我们现在所不太认同的</s>
<time>235_00:08:45,600 --> 00:08:47,040</time>
<s>所谓私搭乱建的历史</s>
<time>236_00:08:47,760 --> 00:08:49,560</time>
<s>当然它有一个相对学术的名字</s>
<time>237_00:08:49,920 --> 00:08:51,360</time>
<s>叫做非正式建造</s>
<time>238_00:08:52,440 --> 00:08:53,880</time>
<s>就是那些坚硬的</s>
<time>239_00:08:54,600 --> 00:08:55,320</time>
<s>不可一世的建筑</s>
<time>240_00:08:56,040 --> 00:08:56,400</time>
<s>之外的世界</s>
<time>241_00:08:58,200 --> 00:08:58,920</time>
<s>一旦研究开这个东西</s>
<time>242_00:09:00,000 --> 00:09:01,800</time>
<s>哎哟那好玩的例子就都来了</s>
<time>243_00:09:03,240 --> 00:09:05,040</time>
<s>我们首先在故宫故纸堆里面</s>
<time>244_00:09:05,400 --> 00:09:05,760</time>
<s>发现了这么一个东西</s>
<time>245_00:09:06,840 --> 00:09:07,200</time>
<s>你说它是个啥呢</s>
<time>246_00:09:09,360 --> 00:09:09,720</time>
<s>不是桌子</s>
<time>247_00:09:10,800 --> 00:09:11,520</time>
<s>它是一个建筑的模型</s>
<time>248_00:09:12,600 --> 00:09:14,040</time>
<s>这个建筑模型上标了一个标签</s>
<time>249_00:09:14,400 --> 00:09:15,840</time>
<s>叫做光绪元年</s>
<time>250_00:09:16,920 --> 00:09:18,000</time>
<s>也就是1875年</s>
<time>251_00:09:19,080 --> 00:09:20,520</time>
<s>这个年代有什么重要的呢</s>
<time>252_00:09:21,240 --> 00:09:23,400</time>
<s>它是伟大敬爱的慈禧皇太后</s>
<time>253_00:09:23,760 --> 00:09:24,120</time>
<s>40岁生日那一年</s>
<time>254_00:09:25,920 --> 00:09:26,280</time>
<s>这也不重要</s>
<time>255_00:09:27,000 --> 00:09:27,720</time>
<s>它用在哪呢</s>
<time>256_00:09:28,080 --> 00:09:28,440</time>
<s>因为现在在故宫里面</s>
<time>257_00:09:29,160 --> 00:09:30,600</time>
<s>我们是见不到这样一个建筑的</s>
<time>258_00:09:31,320 --> 00:09:32,400</time>
<s>这个建筑上还有一个标签</s>
<time>259_00:09:32,760 --> 00:09:33,480</time>
<s>叫做畅音阁</s>
<time>260_00:09:35,280 --> 00:09:37,080</time>
<s>前段时间川普总统和习总书记</s>
<time>261_00:09:37,800 --> 00:09:38,520</time>
<s>在这里面一块听戏</s>
<time>262_00:09:39,600 --> 00:09:40,680</time>
<s>它是乾隆皇帝给自己</s>
<time>263_00:09:41,040 --> 00:09:42,840</time>
<s>专门盖的一个私人的戏院</s>
<time>264_00:09:43,200 --> 00:09:44,640</time>
<s>这里面有三层高的舞台</s>
<time>265_00:09:45,360 --> 00:09:47,880</time>
<s>这一侧是皇帝观戏的地方</s>
<time>266_00:09:48,240 --> 00:09:49,320</time>
<s>周围廊府是大臣观戏的地方</s>
<time>267_00:09:50,040 --> 00:09:52,200</time>
<s>好这几个线索我们归拢一下</s>
<time>268_00:09:52,560 --> 00:09:55,440</time>
<s>也就是说在1875年的时候</s>
<time>269_00:09:56,520 --> 00:09:57,600</time>
<s>某几天</s>
<time>270_00:09:58,680 --> 00:09:59,760</time>
<s>这个像桌子的玩意儿</s>
<time>271_00:10:00,120 --> 00:10:02,280</time>
<s>曾经和畅音阁结合在一起过</s>
<time>272_00:10:03,000 --> 00:10:03,720</time>
<s>它是什么样子的呢</s>
<time>273_00:10:04,440 --> 00:10:04,800</time>
<s>我们做了一个还原</s>
<time>274_00:10:05,880 --> 00:10:08,040</time>
<s>1875年畅音阁和这个桌子</s>
<time>275_00:10:08,760 --> 00:10:10,200</time>
<s>结合成为一个这样的体量</s>
<time>276_00:10:10,920 --> 00:10:11,280</time>
<s>大家可能还觉得不直观</s>
<time>277_00:10:12,000 --> 00:10:12,360</time>
<s>好我把它剖开看</s>
<time>278_00:10:13,440 --> 00:10:15,960</time>
<s>你会看到三层高的戏台后面</s>
<time>279_00:10:16,320 --> 00:10:17,400</time>
<s>有一个巨大的扮戏厅</s>
<time>280_00:10:17,760 --> 00:10:19,200</time>
<s>前面是帝后看戏的地方</s>
<time>281_00:10:20,280 --> 00:10:20,640</time>
<s>中间的部分</s>
<time>282_00:10:21,720 --> 00:10:24,240</time>
<s>被一个罩棚一样的东西罩住</s>
<time>283_00:10:24,960 --> 00:10:28,200</time>
<s>然后此时它变成了一个室内剧场</s>
<time>284_00:10:28,920 --> 00:10:29,280</time>
<s>我们就要问了</s>
<time>285_00:10:30,000 --> 00:10:31,800</time>
<s>为什么在1875年这个玩意儿</s>
<time>286_00:10:32,160 --> 00:10:32,880</time>
<s>要把它变成一个室内剧场</s>
<time>287_00:10:33,960 --> 00:10:34,320</time>
<s>还记得我刚才说过吗</s>
<time>288_00:10:35,400 --> 00:10:37,920</time>
<s>慈禧皇太后40岁生日也在1875年</s>
<time>289_00:10:40,080 --> 00:10:40,800</time>
<s>慈禧皇太后什么时候生的</s>
<time>290_00:10:46,560 --> 00:10:50,880</time>
<s>慈禧太后11月29日（阳历）生人</s>
<time>291_00:10:51,600 --> 00:10:51,960</time>
<s>射手座跟我一样</s>
<time>292_00:10:54,480 --> 00:10:55,920</time>
<s>老太太生在这个时候</s>
<time>293_00:10:57,000 --> 00:10:58,080</time>
<s>老太太过生日的时候</s>
<time>294_00:10:58,800 --> 00:11:00,960</time>
<s>最重要的一个娱乐活动就是看戏</s>
<time>295_00:11:01,680 --> 00:11:02,040</time>
<s>女人都是一样的</s>
<time>296_00:11:02,760 --> 00:11:04,200</time>
<s>追剧爱豆就这些东西</s>
<time>297_00:11:05,640 --> 00:11:07,440</time>
<s>她整个生日基本上就是一个</s>
<time>298_00:11:07,800 --> 00:11:09,960</time>
<s>盛大的观影看戏的过程</s>
<time>299_00:11:10,680 --> 00:11:11,400</time>
<s>但是好冷啊</s>
<time>300_00:11:12,120 --> 00:11:12,840</time>
<s>11月29号的北京</s>
<time>301_00:11:13,560 --> 00:11:15,000</time>
<s>零下十度在当时小冰期</s>
<time>302_00:11:16,080 --> 00:11:16,800</time>
<s>这个时代</s>
<time>303_00:11:17,520 --> 00:11:18,600</time>
<s>所以她要在这个时间点</s>
<time>304_00:11:19,320 --> 00:11:20,760</time>
<s>把她经常看戏的露天剧场</s>
<time>305_00:11:21,840 --> 00:11:22,560</time>
<s>变成一个室内剧场</s>
<time>306_00:11:24,000 --> 00:11:25,080</time>
<s>好我们想想这个室内剧场</s>
<time>307_00:11:25,440 --> 00:11:25,800</time>
<s>当时是什么样</s>
<time>308_00:11:26,160 --> 00:11:26,880</time>
<s>很遗憾没有照片</s>
<time>309_00:11:27,960 --> 00:11:28,680</time>
<s>但是又很幸运</s>
<time>310_00:11:29,760 --> 00:11:30,840</time>
<s>中央美术学院藏了一张画</s>
<time>311_00:11:31,200 --> 00:11:31,920</time>
<s>叫做《庆寿图》</s>
<time>312_00:11:32,640 --> 00:11:33,000</time>
<s>虽然它的年代</s>
<time>313_00:11:33,720 --> 00:11:34,800</time>
<s>可能跟我们那个模型的时间不一样</s>
<time>314_00:11:35,160 --> 00:11:35,880</time>
<s>但它表达了一个</s>
<time>315_00:11:36,960 --> 00:11:37,320</time>
<s>三层高的戏台</s>
<time>316_00:11:38,040 --> 00:11:39,120</time>
<s>被一个罩棚罩住的场景</s>
<time>317_00:11:41,280 --> 00:11:42,720</time>
<s>你会看到这个罩棚非常地精妙</s>
<time>318_00:11:43,440 --> 00:11:44,160</time>
<s>它的上半部分</s>
<time>319_00:11:45,600 --> 00:11:47,400</time>
<s>几乎还能透出后面的屋顶</s>
<time>320_00:11:48,480 --> 00:11:49,200</time>
<s>就证明它的上半部分</s>
<time>321_00:11:49,560 --> 00:11:50,280</time>
<s>是用一个透明材料做的</s>
<time>322_00:11:51,360 --> 00:11:52,440</time>
<s>白天的时候阳光能打进来</s>
<time>323_00:11:53,880 --> 00:11:54,240</time>
<s>然后它的侧边</s>
<time>324_00:11:55,320 --> 00:11:56,760</time>
<s>你会看到这样类似圆饼的装饰物</s>
<time>325_00:11:58,920 --> 00:12:02,160</time>
<s>它是用锡箔或者金箔做成的图案</s>
<time>326_00:12:03,240 --> 00:12:04,320</time>
<s>这个东西起什么作用呢</s>
<time>327_00:12:05,400 --> 00:12:06,480</time>
<s>夜间看夜戏的时候</s>
<time>328_00:12:07,560 --> 00:12:09,000</time>
<s>它能够反射灯光和烛光</s>
<time>329_00:12:09,720 --> 00:12:11,880</time>
<s>能够把三层的舞台照得灯火通明</s>
<time>330_00:12:15,480 --> 00:12:16,920</time>
<s>它当时上演什么样的剧目呢</s>
<time>331_00:12:17,280 --> 00:12:17,640</time>
<s>三层高的舞台</s>
<time>332_00:12:18,000 --> 00:12:18,720</time>
<s>里面布满了舞台机关</s>
<time>333_00:12:19,800 --> 00:12:21,600</time>
<s>它当时上演的剧目叫做《升平宝筏》</s>
<time>334_00:12:22,320 --> 00:12:22,680</time>
<s>你们一定不知道它演的是什么</s>
<time>335_00:12:24,480 --> 00:12:24,840</time>
<s>我告诉你</s>
<time>336_00:12:25,200 --> 00:12:27,000</time>
<s>它现在的名字叫做《西游记》</s>
<time>337_00:12:28,800 --> 00:12:29,880</time>
<s>你想象一个舞台</s>
<time>338_00:12:30,600 --> 00:12:30,960</time>
<s>三层高</s>
<time>339_00:12:31,680 --> 00:12:33,840</time>
<s>罩在一个璀璨夺目的室内空间里面</s>
<time>340_00:12:35,640 --> 00:12:36,360</time>
<s>底下的舞台</s>
<time>341_00:12:37,080 --> 00:12:38,160</time>
<s>孙猴子八戒唐僧白龙马</s>
<time>342_00:12:38,520 --> 00:12:39,240</time>
<s>一块会斗各种妖精</s>
<time>343_00:12:39,960 --> 00:12:41,400</time>
<s>中部什么太白金星</s>
<time>344_00:12:41,760 --> 00:12:43,200</time>
<s>太上老君二路的神仙</s>
<time>345_00:12:43,920 --> 00:12:45,720</time>
<s>顶上如来佛祖和观音菩萨</s>
<time>346_00:12:46,080 --> 00:12:47,880</time>
<s>站在上面俯看全场</s>
<time>347_00:12:48,600 --> 00:12:49,680</time>
<s>孙猴上下翻飞</s>
<time>348_00:12:50,040 --> 00:12:51,840</time>
<s>各种舞台设施全在这里面展示</s>
<time>349_00:12:53,280 --> 00:12:54,720</time>
<s>这就是18到19世纪</s>
<time>350_00:12:55,800 --> 00:12:56,160</time>
<s>北京最大的</s>
<time>351_00:12:56,520 --> 00:12:59,040</time>
<s>环绕杜比立体声5DIMAX影院</s>
<time>352_00:13:02,640 --> 00:13:03,360</time>
<s>就这么个玩意儿</s>
<time>353_00:13:04,800 --> 00:13:06,600</time>
<s>好我们说完了</s>
<time>354_00:13:07,320 --> 00:13:08,400</time>
<s>大家在室内干的这些事</s>
<time>355_00:13:09,120 --> 00:13:09,840</time>
<s>在这个院子里面干的事</s>
<time>356_00:13:10,560 --> 00:13:12,000</time>
<s>我们再回到北京的街面上</s>
<time>357_00:13:14,160 --> 00:13:14,520</time>
<s>诸位注意这张画</s>
<time>358_00:13:15,600 --> 00:13:16,680</time>
<s>这张画特别牛</s>
<time>359_00:13:17,400 --> 00:13:18,120</time>
<s>为什么说它牛呢</s>
<time>360_00:13:18,840 --> 00:13:20,280</time>
<s>中国的绘画很少</s>
<time>361_00:13:21,000 --> 00:13:22,440</time>
<s>有把表达内容精确到时间的</s>
<time>362_00:13:22,800 --> 00:13:23,520</time>
<s>但我告诉你这张画</s>
<time>363_00:13:24,600 --> 00:13:25,320</time>
<s>我能精确到分钟</s>
<time>364_00:13:26,040 --> 00:13:28,200</time>
<s>它描绘了1761年2月5号</s>
<time>365_00:13:28,920 --> 00:13:30,360</time>
<s>上午11点15分的情况</s>
<time>366_00:13:31,080 --> 00:13:31,440</time>
<s>北京的情况</s>
<time>367_00:13:33,240 --> 00:13:34,320</time>
<s>因为这张画的名字叫做</s>
<time>368_00:13:34,680 --> 00:13:36,120</time>
<s>《日月合璧五星连珠图》</s>
<time>369_00:13:37,560 --> 00:13:37,920</time>
<s>你还不懂是吧</s>
<time>370_00:13:38,280 --> 00:13:38,640</time>
<s>没关系我懂</s>
<time>371_00:13:39,720 --> 00:13:41,520</time>
<s>《日月合璧五星连珠图》是什么</s>
<time>372_00:13:41,880 --> 00:13:44,040</time>
<s>代表了一个天象天文事件</s>
<time>373_00:13:44,760 --> 00:13:46,560</time>
<s>全北京的人都在看天</s>
<time>374_00:13:47,640 --> 00:13:48,360</time>
<s>天象是有正确时间的</s>
<time>375_00:13:49,440 --> 00:13:51,600</time>
<s>1761年2月5号11点15分</s>
<time>376_00:13:53,400 --> 00:13:54,480</time>
<s>它的地点也很清晰</s>
<time>377_00:13:54,840 --> 00:13:57,720</time>
<s>它描绘了北京东华门到东安门</s>
<time>378_00:13:58,080 --> 00:13:58,800</time>
<s>这条商业街当时的面貌</s>
<time>379_00:13:59,880 --> 00:14:00,960</time>
<s>当然其他那些我都不关注</s>
<time>380_00:14:01,680 --> 00:14:02,040</time>
<s>我关注的是房子</s>
<time>381_00:14:03,120 --> 00:14:04,920</time>
<s>你可以看到当时1761年</s>
<time>382_00:14:05,280 --> 00:14:07,440</time>
<s>你们所谓乾隆盛世的那个时代</s>
<time>383_00:14:08,520 --> 00:14:09,240</time>
<s>北京的商业街是什么样的</s>
<time>384_00:14:09,960 --> 00:14:13,920</time>
<s>这些建筑跟普通的建筑没有区别</s>
<time>385_00:14:15,000 --> 00:14:15,720</time>
<s>就是这些所谓的店铺</s>
<time>386_00:14:16,080 --> 00:14:16,440</time>
<s>没有区别</s>
<time>387_00:14:17,880 --> 00:14:18,960</time>
<s>它们表面上只有</s>
<time>388_00:14:19,320 --> 00:14:21,840</time>
<s>很简单的这些招幌牌匾之类的</s>
<time>389_00:14:24,720 --> 00:14:26,160</time>
<s>也就是你们那么喜欢的乾隆盛世</s>
<time>390_00:14:26,880 --> 00:14:27,960</time>
<s>只不过是这样的一个面貌</s>
<time>391_00:14:29,400 --> 00:14:30,120</time>
<s>朱起鹏你又胡说八道</s>
<time>392_00:14:31,200 --> 00:14:31,920</time>
<s>说这一张画</s>
<time>393_00:14:32,640 --> 00:14:33,720</time>
<s>怎么能真正代表一个时代</s>
<time>394_00:14:34,080 --> 00:14:35,880</time>
<s>好我们再用一个国家级主题的</s>
<time>395_00:14:36,600 --> 00:14:37,320</time>
<s>大型历史事件的绘画</s>
<time>396_00:14:38,760 --> 00:14:42,000</time>
<s>1751年同样描绘北京的城市商业</s>
<time>397_00:14:43,080 --> 00:14:43,440</time>
<s>前门地区</s>
<time>398_00:14:44,520 --> 00:14:47,760</time>
<s>你依然可以看到这些招幌牌匾</s>
<time>399_00:14:48,840 --> 00:14:50,640</time>
<s>仅仅是跟普通的建筑</s>
<time>400_00:14:51,000 --> 00:14:51,360</time>
<s>有一点点区别</s>
<time>401_00:14:52,440 --> 00:14:53,880</time>
<s>商业建筑跟普通的房子没有区别</s>
<time>402_00:14:56,400 --> 00:14:58,560</time>
<s>但是一切在100年后发生了变化</s>
<time>403_00:14:59,280 --> 00:15:00,360</time>
<s>100年后一对西方人</s>
<time>404_00:15:01,440 --> 00:15:02,880</time>
<s>在1879年进入了北京</s>
<time>405_00:15:03,600 --> 00:15:04,680</time>
<s>拿起了当时最先进的相机</s>
<time>406_00:15:05,400 --> 00:15:06,480</time>
<s>拍摄了北京的骤马市大街</s>
<time>407_00:15:07,920 --> 00:15:08,280</time>
<s>不一样了吧</s>
<time>408_00:15:09,360 --> 00:15:10,800</time>
<s>你可以看到当时的街道上</s>
<time>409_00:15:11,880 --> 00:15:14,400</time>
<s>各种各样的突出于建筑物的这些装置</s>
<time>410_00:15:15,480 --> 00:15:16,920</time>
<s>它们其实跟建筑没有关系</s>
<time>411_00:15:18,000 --> 00:15:18,360</time>
<s>房子还是房子</s>
<time>412_00:15:19,080 --> 00:15:19,440</time>
<s>他们在外面</s>
<time>413_00:15:20,160 --> 00:15:21,240</time>
<s>牌坊冲天的立柱</s>
<time>414_00:15:21,600 --> 00:15:23,760</time>
<s>各种招幌牌匾都在这里</s>
<time>415_00:15:25,200 --> 00:15:26,280</time>
<s>你们不说你们喜欢老北京吗</s>
<time>416_00:15:28,080 --> 00:15:29,160</time>
<s>你们喜欢的老北京</s>
<time>417_00:15:29,520 --> 00:15:30,960</time>
<s>跟现行的我们的治理的方式</s>
<time>418_00:15:31,320 --> 00:15:32,760</time>
<s>可能就不是太一致</s>
<time>419_00:15:33,840 --> 00:15:35,640</time>
<s>好时间过去50年</s>
<time>420_00:15:36,720 --> 00:15:37,440</time>
<s>到了1925年</s>
<time>421_00:15:38,160 --> 00:15:38,520</time>
<s>我的妈呀</s>
<time>422_00:15:39,600 --> 00:15:40,680</time>
<s>北京的城市商业立面</s>
<time>423_00:15:41,400 --> 00:15:42,480</time>
<s>到处都是这种</s>
<time>424_00:15:43,200 --> 00:15:45,360</time>
<s>独立在建筑表面之外的</s>
<time>425_00:15:45,720 --> 00:15:47,520</time>
<s>你说是牌坊也好招幌也好</s>
<time>426_00:15:48,240 --> 00:15:48,600</time>
<s>构成的区域</s>
<time>427_00:15:49,320 --> 00:15:49,680</time>
<s>又过了五年</s>
<time>428_00:15:50,400 --> 00:15:51,840</time>
<s>最为丧心病狂的案例出现了</s>
<time>429_00:15:53,280 --> 00:15:53,640</time>
<s>在王府井北面</s>
<time>430_00:15:54,360 --> 00:15:55,080</time>
<s>有个地叫八面槽</s>
<time>431_00:15:56,160 --> 00:15:57,960</time>
<s>1925年美国人类学家甘博</s>
<time>432_00:15:58,320 --> 00:15:59,040</time>
<s>拍摄了这样一张照片</s>
<time>433_00:16:01,200 --> 00:16:01,560</time>
<s>就是这个房子</s>
<time>434_00:16:01,920 --> 00:16:03,720</time>
<s>你看前面的这个东西</s>
<time>435_00:16:04,080 --> 00:16:04,800</time>
<s>跟后面的商店</s>
<time>436_00:16:05,520 --> 00:16:06,240</time>
<s>没有半分钱关系</s>
<time>437_00:16:07,320 --> 00:16:08,760</time>
<s>你能够完全把它拆成两部分</s>
<time>438_00:16:10,200 --> 00:16:10,920</time>
<s>后面就是一个普通的</s>
<time>439_00:16:11,280 --> 00:16:12,000</time>
<s>北京的二层的旧的铺面</s>
<time>440_00:16:12,720 --> 00:16:14,520</time>
<s>前面就是一个完全由轻质材料搭建的</s>
<time>441_00:16:15,600 --> 00:16:17,040</time>
<s>纯粹的一个彩楼的体量</s>
<time>442_00:16:18,480 --> 00:16:20,640</time>
<s>这个东西和同样在30年代</s>
<time>443_00:16:21,000 --> 00:16:22,080</time>
<s>出现在美国纽约</s>
<time>444_00:16:22,440 --> 00:16:23,880</time>
<s>梅西百货门口的圣诞树</s>
<time>445_00:16:24,600 --> 00:16:25,680</time>
<s>意义是完全一样的</s>
<time>446_00:16:26,400 --> 00:16:28,560</time>
<s>就是一个纯粹的商业的昭示</s>
<time>447_00:16:28,920 --> 00:16:30,720</time>
<s>告诉你我很时尚我很有钱</s>
<time>448_00:16:31,080 --> 00:16:33,960</time>
<s>我这个店马上又有换季大减价</s>
<time>449_00:16:36,120 --> 00:16:37,200</time>
<s>这是1930年</s>
<time>450_00:16:37,920 --> 00:16:39,360</time>
<s>那么时间又过去20多年了</s>
<time>451_00:16:40,440 --> 00:16:40,800</time>
<s>1952年</s>
<time>452_00:16:42,600 --> 00:16:44,040</time>
<s>当时的清华大学的同学</s>
<time>453_00:16:44,400 --> 00:16:45,480</time>
<s>去调研北京的前门大街</s>
<time>454_00:16:46,560 --> 00:16:48,000</time>
<s>没有拍到建筑的立面</s>
<time>455_00:16:49,440 --> 00:16:51,960</time>
<s>到处都是招幌牌匾棚子</s>
<time>456_00:16:52,320 --> 00:16:52,680</time>
<s>这些玩意儿</s>
<time>457_00:16:54,120 --> 00:16:54,480</time>
<s>诸位有没有注意到</s>
<time>458_00:16:55,920 --> 00:16:57,360</time>
<s>北京城市的商业立面</s>
<time>459_00:16:57,720 --> 00:16:58,440</time>
<s>自身它也在变化</s>
<time>460_00:16:59,520 --> 00:17:02,400</time>
<s>由原来的模仿传统建筑的这种牌楼</s>
<time>461_00:17:02,760 --> 00:17:04,200</time>
<s>冲天杆或者叫拍子</s>
<time>462_00:17:04,920 --> 00:17:05,640</time>
<s>逐渐变成了</s>
<time>463_00:17:06,720 --> 00:17:07,440</time>
<s>有点简洁</s>
<time>464_00:17:08,160 --> 00:17:09,960</time>
<s>各种各样的商业的牌匾招幌等等</s>
<time>465_00:17:11,400 --> 00:17:14,640</time>
<s>所以建筑其实它跟17世纪还是差不多的</s>
<time>466_00:17:15,720 --> 00:17:16,800</time>
<s>但是外面这一层</s>
<time>467_00:17:17,520 --> 00:17:18,960</time>
<s>可变动的构筑物它在变化</s>
<time>468_00:17:21,840 --> 00:17:24,000</time>
<s>可以发现北京这个城市在</s>
<time>469_00:17:24,360 --> 00:17:26,160</time>
<s>一定的时间里头非常具有弹性</s>
<time>470_00:17:26,880 --> 00:17:28,320</time>
<s>人们依据季节的变化</s>
<time>471_00:17:28,680 --> 00:17:29,400</time>
<s>依据事件的变化</s>
<time>472_00:17:30,120 --> 00:17:31,920</time>
<s>来延展自己建筑之外的空间</s>
<time>473_00:17:32,640 --> 00:17:33,720</time>
<s>然后整个这个城市</s>
<time>474_00:17:34,440 --> 00:17:35,160</time>
<s>无论是什么阶层</s>
<time>475_00:17:35,520 --> 00:17:36,960</time>
<s>无论他是高高在上的王公贵族</s>
<time>476_00:17:37,320 --> 00:17:38,400</time>
<s>或者他是普通的百姓</s>
<time>477_00:17:38,760 --> 00:17:40,200</time>
<s>都被底护在这些</s>
<time>478_00:17:40,560 --> 00:17:42,360</time>
<s>变化的非正式的建造当中</s>
<time>479_00:17:43,080 --> 00:17:43,440</time>
<s>而我们所认可的</s>
<time>480_00:17:43,800 --> 00:17:44,880</time>
<s>这个城市的文化</s>
<time>481_00:17:45,240 --> 00:17:47,040</time>
<s>和我们所追慕它之前的过往</s>
<time>482_00:17:47,400 --> 00:17:50,280</time>
<s>都要依据这些物体来进行想象</s>
<time>483_00:17:51,720 --> 00:17:52,440</time>
<s>但是大家也知道</s>
<time>484_00:17:53,160 --> 00:17:54,240</time>
<s>后来这个东西消失了</s>
<time>485_00:17:55,680 --> 00:17:56,400</time>
<s>它为什么消失了呢</s>
<time>486_00:18:00,720 --> 00:18:03,600</time>
<s>北京重新成为了国家的首都</s>
<time>487_00:18:04,680 --> 00:18:05,760</time>
<s>这个时候在50年代</s>
<time>488_00:18:06,480 --> 00:18:08,280</time>
<s>这就是当时北京的各部门</s>
<time>489_00:18:09,360 --> 00:18:10,440</time>
<s>这些国家机器重新要</s>
<time>490_00:18:10,800 --> 00:18:12,240</time>
<s>嵌入到北京的体内</s>
<time>491_00:18:12,600 --> 00:18:14,400</time>
<s>那么整个城市又变成了一个大工地</s>
<time>492_00:18:15,840 --> 00:18:17,280</time>
<s>这时人们已经开始</s>
<time>493_00:18:18,000 --> 00:18:20,520</time>
<s>不再陶醉于通过微妙的空间调整</s>
<time>494_00:18:20,880 --> 00:18:23,400</time>
<s>来延展自己物理空间的这种乐趣</s>
<time>495_00:18:24,480 --> 00:18:25,560</time>
<s>反而他们这时候开始</s>
<time>496_00:18:25,920 --> 00:18:27,720</time>
<s>尝试着砸碎一切旧的东西</s>
<time>497_00:18:28,080 --> 00:18:28,800</time>
<s>来拥抱新的世界</s>
<time>498_00:18:29,880 --> 00:18:30,600</time>
<s>其实不光北京是这样</s>
<time>499_00:18:30,960 --> 00:18:32,040</time>
<s>当时整个全世界都是这样的</s>
<time>500_00:18:32,400 --> 00:18:33,120</time>
<s>就是我们急于摆脱</s>
<time>501_00:18:33,840 --> 00:18:34,920</time>
<s>旧有的这些束缚我们的</s>
<time>502_00:18:35,280 --> 00:18:36,000</time>
<s>看上去杂乱的东西</s>
<time>503_00:18:36,720 --> 00:18:38,880</time>
<s>来营建新的一个天地</s>
<time>504_00:18:39,960 --> 00:18:40,680</time>
<s>而且在这段时间里面</s>
<time>505_00:18:41,400 --> 00:18:43,560</time>
<s>不但整个建设的诉求被导向了</s>
<time>506_00:18:44,280 --> 00:18:46,440</time>
<s>同时它大量的院落的产权</s>
<time>507_00:18:46,800 --> 00:18:47,160</time>
<s>也发生了变化</s>
<time>508_00:18:47,880 --> 00:18:49,320</time>
<s>原先一家一户的院子</s>
<time>509_00:18:49,680 --> 00:18:51,120</time>
<s>很多被重新地分成了杂院</s>
<time>510_00:18:52,200 --> 00:18:52,560</time>
<s>变成杂院之后</s>
<time>511_00:18:52,920 --> 00:18:54,000</time>
<s>有一个重要的问题就是</s>
<time>512_00:18:54,720 --> 00:18:56,520</time>
<s>公共的院落不再被一家</s>
<time>513_00:18:56,880 --> 00:18:57,600</time>
<s>来独立使用</s>
<time>514_00:18:57,960 --> 00:18:59,040</time>
<s>所以它也没有什么动因</s>
<time>515_00:18:59,400 --> 00:19:01,200</time>
<s>去为它建设比如罩棚这样的东西</s>
<time>516_00:19:01,920 --> 00:19:03,360</time>
<s>当时北京的商业街1970年代</s>
<time>517_00:19:04,440 --> 00:19:05,880</time>
<s>房子其实跟100年前没有什么区别</s>
<time>518_00:19:06,960 --> 00:19:08,040</time>
<s>但你发现所有的招幌牌匾</s>
<time>519_00:19:08,400 --> 00:19:09,480</time>
<s>商业的招幌都没有了</s>
<time>520_00:19:10,920 --> 00:19:12,000</time>
<s>因为它几乎不再是商业街了</s>
<time>521_00:19:12,720 --> 00:19:13,440</time>
<s>城市的商业移到了其他地方</s>
<time>522_00:19:13,800 --> 00:19:14,880</time>
<s>集中到什么百货大楼里面</s>
<time>523_00:19:15,960 --> 00:19:17,400</time>
<s>纵观整个廊房二条</s>
<time>524_00:19:18,120 --> 00:19:19,920</time>
<s>只剩下一个服装加工店的牌子</s>
<time>525_00:19:20,640 --> 00:19:21,360</time>
<s>这就是当时的情况</s>
<time>526_00:19:22,440 --> 00:19:24,240</time>
<s>几乎这个城市已经丧失了</s>
<time>527_00:19:24,600 --> 00:19:26,040</time>
<s>它所有的那种有弹性的</s>
<time>528_00:19:26,400 --> 00:19:28,560</time>
<s>非正式建造的能力和水平</s>
<time>529_00:19:29,280 --> 00:19:30,360</time>
<s>直到一个事又改变了</s>
<time>530_00:19:31,800 --> 00:19:33,240</time>
<s>一个年代一个日期</s>
<time>531_00:19:34,320 --> 00:19:36,120</time>
<s>1976年的7月28号</s>
<time>532_00:19:37,200 --> 00:19:37,920</time>
<s>有人知道这是什么时候吗</s>
<time>533_00:19:39,720 --> 00:19:40,440</time>
<s>唐山大地震</s>
<time>534_00:19:41,520 --> 00:19:44,400</time>
<s>唐山大地震对于华北北部地区来讲</s>
<time>535_00:19:45,120 --> 00:19:45,840</time>
<s>非常非常地重要</s>
<time>536_00:19:46,200 --> 00:19:46,560</time>
<s>尤其是城市</s>
<time>537_00:19:47,640 --> 00:19:49,080</time>
<s>这是当时地震之后天津的情况</s>
<time>538_00:19:50,160 --> 00:19:50,880</time>
<s>我其实本身是个天津人，</s>
<time>539_00:19:52,680 --> 00:19:53,760</time>
<s>天津的情况你可以看到</s>
<time>540_00:19:54,120 --> 00:19:55,200</time>
<s>由于对地震的恐慌</s>
<time>541_00:19:55,560 --> 00:19:57,000</time>
<s>包括大量建筑的塌毁</s>
<time>542_00:19:57,720 --> 00:19:58,800</time>
<s>很多人直接住到街上</s>
<time>543_00:19:59,880 --> 00:20:00,960</time>
<s>然后他们住到街上这些</s>
<time>544_00:20:01,320 --> 00:20:02,400</time>
<s>临时的地震棚里面</s>
<time>545_00:20:03,480 --> 00:20:04,920</time>
<s>我记得我父亲当时给我讲过一个故事</s>
<time>546_00:20:05,280 --> 00:20:06,360</time>
<s>就是地震结束之后</s>
<time>547_00:20:07,080 --> 00:20:09,600</time>
<s>我爸就每天骑着自行车全城转</s>
<time>548_00:20:11,040 --> 00:20:12,480</time>
<s>转完之后我妈回来就问</s>
<time>549_00:20:13,200 --> 00:20:13,560</time>
<s>你看到什么了</s>
<time>550_00:20:14,640 --> 00:20:15,000</time>
<s>我爸就说</s>
<time>551_00:20:15,720 --> 00:20:16,440</time>
<s>我第一次知道</s>
<time>552_00:20:16,800 --> 00:20:17,880</time>
<s>什么叫做建筑的部面</s>
<time>553_00:20:19,320 --> 00:20:21,480</time>
<s>因为地震之后立面就都倒下了</s>
<time>554_00:20:22,200 --> 00:20:22,920</time>
<s>你能够清晰地看到</s>
<time>555_00:20:23,280 --> 00:20:24,360</time>
<s>每一个房间里面的情况</s>
<time>556_00:20:25,800 --> 00:20:27,600</time>
<s>当然其实北京确实不一样</s>
<time>557_00:20:27,960 --> 00:20:30,120</time>
<s>因为北京刘伯温相的这块地特别好</s>
<time>558_00:20:30,840 --> 00:20:31,920</time>
<s>它没有受到太多的损失</s>
<time>559_00:20:32,280 --> 00:20:33,720</time>
<s>但是恐惧是依然蔓延的</s>
<time>560_00:20:34,800 --> 00:20:35,880</time>
<s>所以当时北京最新潮的</s>
