<time>2_00:00:18,720 --> 00:00:20,160</time>
<s>大家好我是崔兴然</s>
<time>3_00:00:20,520 --> 00:00:23,400</time>
<s>来自东南大学生物科学与医学工程学院</s>
<time>4_00:00:23,760 --> 00:00:27,360</time>
<s>不知道大家有没有观察过鱼在水中是怎么游动的</s>
<time>5_00:00:28,080 --> 00:00:29,520</time>
<s>线性几何告诉我们</s>
<time>6_00:00:29,880 --> 00:00:32,760</time>
<s>如果一群鱼要从一个位置游到另外一个位置</s>
<time>7_00:00:33,120 --> 00:00:34,920</time>
<s>那么两点之间直线最短</s>
<time>8_00:00:35,280 --> 00:00:38,160</time>
<s>最佳的方案应该是直接线性游过去</s>
<time>9_00:00:38,880 --> 00:00:42,120</time>
<s>但是实际上在海洋中结队巡游的鱼群</s>
<time>10_00:00:42,480 --> 00:00:43,920</time>
<s>它并不是线性游动的</s>
<time>11_00:00:45,360 --> 00:00:46,440</time>
<s>这是2018年发表在</s>
<time>12_00:00:47,160 --> 00:00:48,960</time>
<s>Physical ReviewLetters上面的一篇文章</s>
<time>13_00:00:49,680 --> 00:00:54,000</time>
<s>它物理建模解释了在海洋中鱼群结队巡游时</s>
<time>14_00:00:54,360 --> 00:00:56,880</time>
<s>会与周围的水流形成非线性的相互作用</s>
<time>15_00:00:57,240 --> 00:01:00,120</time>
<s>就会形成这么一副非常美丽的动态的画面</s>
<time>16_00:01:01,200 --> 00:01:02,640</time>
<s>那么什么是非线性作用</s>
<time>17_00:01:03,360 --> 00:01:05,160</time>
<s>我来用一个非常简单的民间谚语</s>
<time>18_00:01:05,520 --> 00:01:06,960</time>
<s>来解释一下什么是非线性</s>
<time>19_00:01:08,040 --> 00:01:09,120</time>
<s>这个谚语是这样说的</s>
<time>20_00:01:09,840 --> 00:01:12,720</time>
<s>一个和尚挑水喝两个和尚抬水喝</s>
<time>21_00:01:13,080 --> 00:01:14,520</time>
<s>三个和尚没有水喝</s>
<time>22_00:01:15,240 --> 00:01:17,040</time>
<s>我们假设三个和尚在一起</s>
<time>23_00:01:17,400 --> 00:01:19,920</time>
<s>每个和尚每人每天挑两桶水</s>
<time>24_00:01:20,280 --> 00:01:23,160</time>
<s>那么三个和尚在一起应该是一天有6桶水</s>
<time>25_00:01:23,520 --> 00:01:25,320</time>
<s>也就是2+2+2=6</s>
<time>26_00:01:26,040 --> 00:01:28,920</time>
<s>但是谚语说是三个和尚在一起是没有水喝的</s>
<time>27_00:01:29,280 --> 00:01:31,440</time>
<s>这是因为三个和尚在一起以后</s>
<time>28_00:01:31,800 --> 00:01:33,240</time>
<s>他们就会产生了争吵</s>
<time>29_00:01:33,600 --> 00:01:36,480</time>
<s>每个和尚都觉得我可以不挑水直接喝水</s>
<time>30_00:01:36,840 --> 00:01:40,800</time>
<s>这个争吵的过程它其实是一种非线性的相互作用</s>
<time>31_00:01:41,160 --> 00:01:44,400</time>
<s>这个时候这种简单的线性叠加的关系它就不存在了席</s>
<time>32_00:01:44,760 --> 00:01:48,000</time>
<s>而我们的结果就变成了2+2+2=0</s>
<time>33_00:01:48,720 --> 00:01:50,880</time>
<s>也就是说如果我只看一个和尚</s>
<time>34_00:01:51,240 --> 00:01:54,120</time>
<s>我是看不到2+2+2=0这个结果的</s>
<time>35_00:01:54,480 --> 00:01:57,360</time>
<s>但是我把三个和尚放在一起作为一个整体</s>
<time>36_00:01:57,720 --> 00:01:59,520</time>
<s>就产生了这么一个新的结果</s>
<time>37_00:01:59,880 --> 00:02:00,960</time>
<s>这叫做涌现性</s>
<time>38_00:02:01,680 --> 00:02:04,560</time>
<s>所以说我们必须要从整体来看这个系统</s>
<time>39_00:02:04,920 --> 00:02:06,000</time>
<s>基于这样的事实</s>
<time>40_00:02:06,360 --> 00:02:08,880</time>
<s>这样的系统就构成了一个非线性的复杂系统</s>
<time>41_00:02:09,960 --> 00:02:12,480</time>
<s>我们伟大的物理学家霍金曾经说过</s>
<time>42_00:02:12,840 --> 00:02:16,080</time>
<s>21世纪它将来是一个复杂科学的世纪</s>
<time>43_00:02:16,800 --> 00:02:19,320</time>
<s>去年诺贝尔物理奖授予给了复杂系统</s>
<time>44_00:02:20,040 --> 00:02:21,120</time>
<s>奖励它为人类</s>
<time>45_00:02:21,480 --> 00:02:24,360</time>
<s>理解复杂物理系统而取得的开创性贡献</s>
<time>46_00:02:24,720 --> 00:02:27,600</time>
<s>说明诺奖委员会已经开始意识到了</s>
<time>47_00:02:27,960 --> 00:02:29,760</time>
<s>复杂科学方面的研究</s>
<time>48_00:02:30,480 --> 00:02:32,280</time>
<s>对解决我们人类社会的重大问题</s>
<time>49_00:02:32,640 --> 00:02:34,080</time>
<s>具有非常重要的意义</s>
<time>50_00:02:34,800 --> 00:02:36,960</time>
<s>听到这个消息的时候我非常兴奋</s>
<time>51_00:02:37,320 --> 00:02:41,280</time>
<s>因为我们团队所做的研究就是基于复杂系统理论的席</s>
<time>52_00:02:41,640 --> 00:02:44,520</time>
<s>而且右边的这位科学家叫Parisi的</s>
<time>53_00:02:44,880 --> 00:02:46,680</time>
<s>他是拿到了一半的奖金</s>
<time>54_00:02:47,400 --> 00:02:48,840</time>
<s>这个人跟我的老师是认识的</s>
<time>55_00:02:50,280 --> 00:02:52,440</time>
<s>复杂系统如此重要</s>
<time>56_00:02:52,800 --> 00:02:56,400</time>
<s>很多人对复杂系统其实这个概念是比较陌生的</s>
<time>57_00:02:56,760 --> 00:02:58,920</time>
<s>其实我们宇宙中到处都是复杂系统</s>
<time>58_00:02:59,640 --> 00:03:00,000</time>
<s>很简单的例子</s>
<time>59_00:03:00,720 --> 00:03:02,520</time>
<s>比如说我们的地球气候系统</s>
<time>60_00:03:02,880 --> 00:03:03,960</time>
<s>它是一个复杂系统</s>
<time>61_00:03:04,680 --> 00:03:08,280</time>
<s>因为它包含了比如说大气圈水圈冰雪圈</s>
<time>62_00:03:09,000 --> 00:03:10,800</time>
<s>以及我们的岩石圈和生物圈</s>
<time>63_00:03:11,520 --> 00:03:12,960</time>
<s>构成了一个非常复杂的系统</s>
<time>64_00:03:13,680 --> 00:03:16,560</time>
<s>再比如说炒股的朋友会看到这样的一个图面</s>
<time>65_00:03:16,920 --> 00:03:18,360</time>
<s>这就是我们人类的金融市场</s>
<time>66_00:03:18,720 --> 00:03:19,800</time>
<s>它也是一个复杂系统</s>
<time>67_00:03:20,160 --> 00:03:22,320</time>
<s>它除了受到金融资本的影响</s>
<time>68_00:03:22,680 --> 00:03:24,480</time>
<s>它还会受到各种各样的因素的影响</s>
<time>69_00:03:24,840 --> 00:03:25,920</time>
<s>比如说我们的国家政策</s>
<time>70_00:03:26,640 --> 00:03:28,800</time>
<s>比如说我们国际的政治格局</s>
<time>71_00:03:29,160 --> 00:03:30,960</time>
<s>再比如说我们新冠疫情</s>
<time>72_00:03:31,320 --> 00:03:33,840</time>
<s>甚至是我刚刚讲的地球气候系统</s>
<time>73_00:03:34,200 --> 00:03:36,000</time>
<s>对它也会造成影响</s>
<time>74_00:03:36,360 --> 00:03:38,160</time>
<s>如果要量化的话</s>
<time>75_00:03:38,520 --> 00:03:42,840</time>
<s>我们说宇宙空间中99.9%的系统它都是复杂系统</s>
<time>76_00:03:43,200 --> 00:03:46,440</time>
<s>还剩下了0.1%它是复杂系统的简化</s>
<time>77_00:03:47,520 --> 00:03:48,600</time>
<s>复杂系统无处不在</s>
<time>78_00:03:48,960 --> 00:03:50,400</time>
<s>像构成我们生命体的细胞</s>
<time>79_00:03:51,120 --> 00:03:51,480</time>
<s>我们的大脑</s>
<time>80_00:03:52,200 --> 00:03:54,000</time>
<s>我们整个生命系统它都是复杂系统</s>
<time>81_00:03:55,800 --> 00:03:58,680</time>
<s>那么我们就考虑一下复杂系统它有规律</s>
<time>82_00:04:00,120 --> 00:04:01,920</time>
<s>其实我们以生物系统为例的话</s>
<time>83_00:04:02,280 --> 00:04:03,360</time>
<s>它是有一些规律的</s>
<time>84_00:04:03,720 --> 00:04:07,680</time>
<s>这种规律跟我们生物系统适应环境的能力是有关的席</s>
<time>85_00:04:08,040 --> 00:04:08,760</time>
<s>我举两个例子</s>
<time>86_00:04:09,480 --> 00:04:11,280</time>
<s>第一个例子是在20年代的时候</s>
<time>87_00:04:11,640 --> 00:04:13,800</time>
<s>有个瑞典物理学家MaxKleiber</s>
<time>88_00:04:14,160 --> 00:04:15,960</time>
<s>他测量了一系列动物的代谢率</s>
<time>89_00:04:16,680 --> 00:04:19,560</time>
<s>发现了代谢率跟动物身体大小有直接关系</s>
<time>90_00:04:19,920 --> 00:04:22,080</time>
<s>它从最简单的单细胞动物</s>
<time>91_00:04:22,440 --> 00:04:23,880</time>
<s>到我们常见的这种像</s>
<time>92_00:04:24,240 --> 00:04:27,120</time>
<s>苍蝇青蛙海龟这样的冷血动物</s>
<time>93_00:04:27,480 --> 00:04:29,640</time>
<s>一直到我们身边的哺乳动物</s>
<time>94_00:04:30,000 --> 00:04:32,520</time>
<s>像老鼠猎豹大象之类的</s>
<time>95_00:04:32,880 --> 00:04:35,040</time>
<s>我们觉得很复杂的生物系统</s>
<time>96_00:04:35,400 --> 00:04:37,560</time>
<s>就可以用一个简单的公式来表示了</s>
<time>97_00:04:38,280 --> 00:04:42,240</time>
<s>另外一个有趣的规律是科学家们发现我们哺乳动物席</s>
<time>98_00:04:42,600 --> 00:04:43,680</time>
<s>我们人也是哺乳动物</s>
<time>99_00:04:44,040 --> 00:04:48,360</time>
<s>一生中心跳次数的数量级大概是10的9次方</s>
<time>100_00:04:48,720 --> 00:04:50,160</time>
<s>也就是10亿次</s>
<time>101_00:04:50,880 --> 00:04:51,600</time>
<s>这里面有两个图</s>
<time>102_00:04:51,960 --> 00:04:53,400</time>
<s>这两个图的横坐标</s>
<time>103_00:04:53,760 --> 00:04:56,640</time>
<s>都是所有哺乳动物一生中心跳的次数</s>
<time>104_00:04:57,000 --> 00:04:58,800</time>
<s>就是从生到自然死亡</s>
<time>105_00:04:59,160 --> 00:05:00,960</time>
<s>所有的意外死亡疾病都不算</s>
<time>106_00:05:01,680 --> 00:05:02,760</time>
<s>纵坐标左边</s>
<time>107_00:05:03,120 --> 00:05:04,920</time>
<s>左边的是它的体重</s>
<time>108_00:05:05,280 --> 00:05:07,440</time>
<s>右边是它的生命的长度</s>
<time>109_00:05:07,800 --> 00:05:08,520</time>
<s>我们可以看到</s>
<time>110_00:05:09,240 --> 00:05:11,400</time>
<s>我们整个的哺乳动物一生中心跳的次数</s>
<time>111_00:05:11,760 --> 00:05:13,200</time>
<s>它既不受到体重的影响</s>
<time>112_00:05:13,560 --> 00:05:15,360</time>
<s>也不受到生命这个长度的影响</s>
<time>113_00:05:15,720 --> 00:05:17,520</time>
<s>我们可以看到我们的人也是在里面的</s>
<time>114_00:05:17,880 --> 00:05:18,600</time>
<s>我们人体重居中</s>
<time>115_00:05:18,960 --> 00:05:21,120</time>
<s>然后我们人的寿命是最长的</s>
<time>116_00:05:22,200 --> 00:05:23,640</time>
<s>这些事实告诉我们</s>
<time>117_00:05:24,000 --> 00:05:26,160</time>
<s>复杂的生命系统它是存在规律的</s>
<time>118_00:05:26,880 --> 00:05:29,400</time>
<s>那么什么样的系统它是健康的系统呢</s>
<time>119_00:05:30,480 --> 00:05:31,200</time>
<s>我们来看</s>
<time>120_00:05:31,560 --> 00:05:33,360</time>
<s>这个是我们人体的神经系统</s>
<time>121_00:05:34,080 --> 00:05:36,600</time>
<s>我们人体神经系统在机体内是起着主导作用的0</s>
<time>122_00:05:37,320 --> 00:05:38,400</time>
<s>我们以自主神经系统为例</s>
<time>123_00:05:38,760 --> 00:05:39,480</time>
<s>什么是自主呢</s>
<time>124_00:05:39,840 --> 00:05:42,000</time>
<s>就是不受个人意志控制的</s>
<time>125_00:05:42,360 --> 00:05:45,960</time>
<s>有些人说我看一个影片中好像有人是可以控制的</s>
<time>126_00:05:46,320 --> 00:05:48,480</time>
<s>那基本大半是虚假的</s>
<time>127_00:05:48,840 --> 00:05:52,440</time>
<s>我们的自主神经系统它包含了很多很多的成分 BuICK</s>
<time>128_00:05:53,160 --> 00:05:55,320</time>
<s>它是涉及到我们各个的内脏器官</s>
<time>129_00:05:55,680 --> 00:05:57,840</time>
<s>比如说我们的大脑中会有我们的脊柱中有</s>
<time>130_00:05:58,200 --> 00:06:00,360</time>
<s>以及我们的全身的内脏器官也有</s>
<time>131_00:06:00,720 --> 00:06:01,800</time>
<s>它包含了两个主要的</s>
<time>132_00:06:02,160 --> 00:06:04,680</time>
<s>一个是交感神经系统一个是副交感神经系统</s>
<time>133_00:06:05,040 --> 00:06:06,840</time>
<s>在这两个系统的控制下</s>
<time>134_00:06:07,200 --> 00:06:10,800</time>
<s>我们的机体才能够发生各种各样的生命的活动</s>
<time>135_00:06:11,160 --> 00:06:14,040</time>
<s>我们说交感神经系统和副交感神经系统</s>
<time>136_00:06:14,400 --> 00:06:17,280</time>
<s>它就相当于我们太极八卦中的阴和阳</s>
<time>137_00:06:18,000 --> 00:06:20,880</time>
<s>交感神经会在我们身体紧张兴奋的时候</s>
<time>138_00:06:21,600 --> 00:06:22,320</time>
<s>会起主导作用</s>
<time>139_00:06:23,040 --> 00:06:23,760</time>
<s>比如此刻的我</s>
<time>140_00:06:25,200 --> 00:06:26,640</time>
<s>当我们交感神经系统兴奋的时候</s>
<time>141_00:06:27,000 --> 00:06:29,160</time>
<s>我们会血压升高心跳加快</s>
<time>142_00:06:29,880 --> 00:06:31,680</time>
<s>当我们副交感神经兴奋的时候</s>
<time>143_00:06:32,040 --> 00:06:33,840</time>
<s>会让我们血压降低心跳变慢</s>
<time>144_00:06:34,200 --> 00:06:36,000</time>
<s>讲到这里有的朋友会想到</s>
<time>145_00:06:36,360 --> 00:06:39,600</time>
<s>前面你说一生中心跳的次数大概是10亿次</s>
<time>146_00:06:40,320 --> 00:06:42,480</time>
<s>有的人心跳比较快的就会有点紧张</s>
<time>147_00:06:42,840 --> 00:06:43,200</time>
<s>不用担心</s>
<time>148_00:06:43,560 --> 00:06:45,000</time>
<s>我们副交感神经加强的时候</s>
<time>149_00:06:45,360 --> 00:06:47,160</time>
<s>我们的心跳还会慢慢地降下来</s>
<time>150_00:06:47,880 --> 00:06:51,120</time>
<s>也就是说我们健康的生命活动过程中</s>
<time>151_00:06:51,480 --> 00:06:55,440</time>
<s>交感与副交感神经的支配应该处于一个动态的平衡席</s>
<time>152_00:06:56,160 --> 00:06:59,400</time>
<s>但是当我们处于慢性压力或焦虑状态的时候</s>
<time>153_00:07:00,120 --> 00:07:01,920</time>
<s>这个时候交感神经就会占优势</s>
<time>154_00:07:02,280 --> 00:07:04,800</time>
<s>自主神经系统的平衡就会被打破</s>
<time>155_00:07:05,520 --> 00:07:09,120</time>
<s>如果说身体长期处于这种不平衡的状态</s>
<time>156_00:07:09,480 --> 00:07:10,560</time>
<s>就容易引发疾病</s>
<time>157_00:07:11,640 --> 00:07:13,440</time>
<s>我们神经系统的功能</s>
<time>158_00:07:13,800 --> 00:07:16,320</time>
<s>其实是我们生物进化过来的一个结果</s>
<time>159_00:07:17,040 --> 00:07:19,920</time>
<s>我们的祖先什么时候他会启动我们的交感神经呢席人文·科技·自日梦</s>
<time>160_00:07:20,280 --> 00:07:21,720</time>
<s>基本上是他在狩猎的过程中</s>
<time>161_00:07:22,440 --> 00:07:24,240</time>
<s>遇到狮子老虎的追赶的时候</s>
<time>162_00:07:24,600 --> 00:07:25,680</time>
<s>这个时候我要决定一下</s>
<time>163_00:07:26,040 --> 00:07:27,840</time>
<s>我要跟它战斗还是我要逃跑</s>
<time>164_00:07:28,560 --> 00:07:30,000</time>
<s>当今社会随着发展</s>
<time>165_00:07:30,360 --> 00:07:33,960</time>
<s>我们面对这种急性应激事件的概率已经大大减少了席</s>
<time>166_00:07:34,320 --> 00:07:34,680</time>
<s>毕竞我们人</s>
<time>167_00:07:37,560 --> 00:07:38,640</time>
<s>已经非常少了</s>
<time>168_00:07:39,360 --> 00:07:41,160</time>
<s>所以说在现在的人类来说</s>
<time>169_00:07:41,520 --> 00:07:43,680</time>
<s>我们的慢性的压力和焦虑</s>
<time>170_00:07:44,040 --> 00:07:48,360</time>
<s>已经成为威胁我们健康和长寿的最大的杀手</s>
<time>171_00:07:49,080 --> 00:07:50,160</time>
<s>那么我们该怎么办呢</s>
<time>172_00:07:50,520 --> 00:07:53,040</time>
<s>我们团队过去几十年的研究我们发现</s>
<time>173_00:07:53,760 --> 00:07:57,000</time>
<s>健康的复杂生物系统它应该处于动态平衡中</s>
<time>174_00:07:57,360 --> 00:07:58,800</time>
<s>如果偏离这种平衡</s>
<time>175_00:07:59,160 --> 00:08:02,400</time>
<s>就会导致系统的状态和功能受损乃至崩溃</s>
<time>176_00:08:03,120 --> 00:08:05,640</time>
<s>我们可以用一个比较简单的物理模型来表示</s>
<time>177_00:08:06,000 --> 00:08:09,960</time>
<s>也就是说如果我们把健康放在Y轴上面</s>
<time>178_00:08:10,320 --> 00:08:12,840</time>
<s>如果说我们越健康那么它的值越大</s>
<time>179_00:08:13,200 --> 00:08:14,640</time>
<s>这时候我们来看横轴</s>
<time>180_00:08:15,000 --> 00:08:17,520</time>
<s>动态平衡的时候是最健康的</s>
<time>181_00:08:17,880 --> 00:08:18,960</time>
<s>但是偏离这个动态平衡</s>
<time>182_00:08:19,320 --> 00:08:20,400</time>
<s>不管是往哪边偏</s>
<time>183_00:08:20,760 --> 00:08:23,280</time>
<s>我们都是处于一种不健康的状态</s>
<time>184_00:08:24,000 --> 00:08:27,240</time>
<s>我刚才讲的类似于有点像倒U型的这种结构</s>
<time>185_00:08:27,600 --> 00:08:28,680</time>
<s>倒U型的这种结构</s>
<time>186_00:08:29,040 --> 00:08:31,200</time>
<s>其实在我们日常生活中非常常见的</s>
<time>187_00:08:31,560 --> 00:08:34,080</time>
<s>早在1908年有两位科学家</s>
<time>188_00:08:34,800 --> 00:08:36,240</time>
<s>心理学家Yerkes和Dodson</s>
<time>189_00:08:36,960 --> 00:08:39,840</time>
<s>他们就通过实验归纳出来子一种法则</s>
<time>190_00:08:40,560 --> 00:08:42,720</time>
<s>用来解释我们的心理压力工作难度</s>
<time>191_00:08:43,080 --> 00:08:43,800</time>
<s>与工作业绩之间的关系</s>
<time>192_00:08:44,520 --> 00:08:46,680</time>
<s>他们发现心理的压力</s>
<time>193_00:08:47,040 --> 00:08:48,120</time>
<s>也就是说动机强度</s>
<time>194_00:08:48,480 --> 00:08:51,000</time>
<s>与我们的工作业绩它并不是线性的</s>
<time>195_00:08:51,360 --> 00:08:53,520</time>
<s>而是这种倒U型的曲线</s>
<time>196_00:08:53,880 --> 00:08:55,320</time>
<s>是一种非线性的关系</s>
<time>197_00:08:55,680 --> 00:08:58,920</time>
<s>当我们处于适度的压力强度的时候</s>
<time>198_00:08:59,280 --> 00:09:01,800</time>
<s>我们才会能够得到最好的工作业绩</s>
<time>199_00:09:02,160 --> 00:09:03,600</time>
<s>这种现象非常常见</s>
<time>200_00:09:03,960 --> 00:09:06,120</time>
<s>可能说我们每个人都身处其中</s>
<time>201_00:09:06,480 --> 00:09:07,200</time>
<s>比如说我</s>
<time>202_00:09:07,560 --> 00:09:09,000</time>
<s>我作为一个大学的老师</s>
<time>203_00:09:09,360 --> 00:09:11,520</time>
<s>我就有很多这种需要平衡的地方</s>
<time>204_00:09:11,880 --> 00:09:12,240</time>
<s>要找到平衡点</s>
<time>205_00:09:12,960 --> 00:09:17,640</time>
<s>比如说我要考虑我短期满足学校年终KPI考核</s>
<time>206_00:09:18,000 --> 00:09:20,160</time>
<s>和我长期有一个科研的奋斗目标</s>
<time>207_00:09:20,520 --> 00:09:22,320</time>
<s>它们两个之间我要把握之间的平衡</s>
<time>208_00:09:22,680 --> 00:09:24,480</time>
<s>同时我也是作为一个母亲</s>
<time>209_00:09:25,200 --> 00:09:27,000</time>
<s>我要平衡我家庭和事业之间</s>
<time>210_00:09:27,360 --> 00:09:28,080</time>
<s>怎么样找到这个点</s>
<time>211_00:09:28,800 --> 00:09:30,600</time>
<s>那么我们怎么样找到这个平衡点</s>
<time>212_00:09:31,320 --> 00:09:32,400</time>
<s>来得到人生的满足呢</s>
<time>213_00:09:32,760 --> 00:09:36,360</time>
<s>我想我们或许可以借助一些现代化的科学的手段席人文·科技·自日梦</s>
<time>214_00:09:36,720 --> 00:09:38,520</time>
<s>然后来更好地了解</s>
<time>215_00:09:38,880 --> 00:09:41,760</time>
<s>我们人体所处的这些各种各样的复杂系统</s>
<time>216_00:09:42,480 --> 00:09:44,280</time>
<s>当然我们说系统越复杂</s>
<time>217_00:09:44,640 --> 00:09:48,240</time>
<s>组成系统的元素之间的非线性交互作用</s>
<time>218_00:09:48,600 --> 00:09:49,320</time>
<s>它就会越复杂</s>
<time>219_00:09:50,040 --> 00:09:52,200</time>
<s>这个时候单纯通过去还原</s>
<time>220_00:09:52,560 --> 00:09:55,440</time>
<s>我们这个系统里面每个元素的结构</s>
<time>221_00:09:55,800 --> 00:09:59,400</time>
<s>用它来了解我们系统的功能和状态是远远不够的</s>
<time>222_00:09:59,760 --> 00:10:01,560</time>
<s>这个时候我们就需要用整体论的思想</s>
<time>223_00:10:01,920 --> 00:10:03,360</time>
<s>来思考这个问题</s>
<time>224_00:10:03,720 --> 00:10:05,880</time>
<s>当我们把人体作为一个整体的系统</s>
<time>225_00:10:06,240 --> 00:10:08,760</time>
<s>我们无时无刻在接受外界环境的刺激</s>
<time>226_00:10:09,120 --> 00:10:11,640</time>
<s>这个时候我们的系统就会有一些输出的信号</s>
<time>227_00:10:12,000 --> 00:10:13,440</time>
<s>每时每刻都会有作出响应</s>
<time>228_00:10:13,800 --> 00:10:15,960</time>
<s>我们可以通过这些输出的信号</s>
<time>229_00:10:16,320 --> 00:10:18,120</time>
<s>来代表系统的功能的状态</s>
<time>230_00:10:18,840 --> 00:10:21,360</time>
<s>我们人体的生理系统可以输出哪些信号呢</s>
<time>231_00:10:21,720 --> 00:10:22,800</time>
<s>其实有非常多</s>
<time>232_00:10:23,160 --> 00:10:23,880</time>
<s>比如说我们可以</s>
<time>233_00:10:24,240 --> 00:10:27,480</time>
<s>现在从我们大脑量到了我们的脑电信号</s>
<time>234_00:10:27,840 --> 00:10:30,360</time>
<s>从我们心脏的位置量到了我们的心电信号</s>
<time>235_00:10:30,720 --> 00:10:33,960</time>
<s>以及我们在手腕部可以量到的脉搏波信号</s>
<time>236_00:10:34,320 --> 00:10:35,760</time>
<s>还有我们从心电和脉搏波</s>
<time>237_00:10:36,120 --> 00:10:37,920</time>
<s>可以提取出实时心率信号</s>
<time>238_00:10:38,280 --> 00:10:39,720</time>
<s>甚至是我刚才在这晃来晃去</s>
<time>239_00:10:40,080 --> 00:10:41,880</time>
<s>我走路的加速度的信号</s>
<time>240_00:10:42,240 --> 00:10:44,760</time>
<s>也是我身体功能和状态的一种表现</s>
<time>241_00:10:45,120 --> 00:10:48,720</time>
<s>我们以大家比较熟悉的实时心率信号</s>
<time>242_00:10:49,080 --> 00:10:49,800</time>
<s>作为一个例子来给大家讲</s>
<time>243_00:10:50,520 --> 00:10:54,480</time>
<s>图中有4段采了30分钟的实时心率信号</s>
<time>244_00:10:55,200 --> 00:10:57,360</time>
<s>他们只有一个人是健康的</s>
<time>245_00:10:58,080 --> 00:10:59,160</time>
<s>其中另外三个人是不健康的</s>
<time>246_00:10:59,520 --> 00:11:01,680</time>
<s>大家可以猜一下哪个是健康的</s>
<time>247_00:11:02,400 --> 00:11:03,480</time>
<s>为了表示公平</s>
<time>248_00:11:03,840 --> 00:11:04,920</time>
<s>这4段信号</s>
<time>249_00:11:05,280 --> 00:11:07,080</time>
<s>30分钟的平均心率</s>
<time>250_00:11:07,440 --> 00:11:08,520</time>
<s>大家可以看纵坐标</s>
<time>251_00:11:08,880 --> 00:11:10,320</time>
<s>都是大概一分钟60下</s>
<time>252_00:11:11,040 --> 00:11:12,480</time>
<s>大家可以猜一猜哪个是健康的</s>
<time>253_00:11:16,440 --> 00:11:17,880</time>
<s>我想很多人可能有答案了</s>
<time>254_00:11:18,600 --> 00:11:20,040</time>
<s>我们来看一下公布一下</s>
<time>255_00:11:20,400 --> 00:11:20,760</time>
<s>我们来看</s>
<time>256_00:11:21,480 --> 00:11:22,560</time>
<s>有没有人选A我不知道</s>
<time>257_00:11:23,280 --> 00:11:26,160</time>
<s>A它是一种严重的心率衰竭</s>
<time>258_00:11:26,880 --> 00:11:29,760</time>
<s>有的人说不是应该健康保持平衡吗</s>
<time>259_00:11:30,120 --> 00:11:33,000</time>
<s>我跟你说什么样的人他会出现A这种情况</s>
<time>260_00:11:33,360 --> 00:11:34,800</time>
<s>是装了心脏起搏器的人</s>
<time>261_00:11:35,520 --> 00:11:36,960</time>
<s>你可以看到这个心率</s>
<time>262_00:11:37,320 --> 00:11:40,200</time>
<s>无时无刻它都保持在一分钟60下</s>
<time>263_00:11:40,560 --> 00:11:40,920</time>
<s>它没有动</s>
<time>264_00:11:41,640 --> 00:11:43,080</time>
<s>有的人说A不动</s>
<time>265_00:11:43,440 --> 00:11:44,880</time>
<s>我应该动一下才健康</s>
<time>266_00:11:45,240 --> 00:11:45,960</time>
<s>有人选了C</s>
<time>267_00:11:46,680 --> 00:11:48,480</time>
<s>C它也是一种严重的心率衰竭</s>
<time>268_00:11:48,840 --> 00:11:50,640</time>
<s>它是缺血性的心率衰竭</s>
<time>269_00:11:51,000 --> 00:11:52,440</time>
<s>A跟C不对</s>
<time>270_00:11:52,800 --> 00:11:54,600</time>
<s>不知道有没有人选B</s>
<time>271_00:11:54,960 --> 00:11:56,400</time>
<s>B他是健康的</s>
<time>272_00:11:56,760 --> 00:11:57,480</time>
<s>恭喜你</s>
<time>273_00:11:58,200 --> 00:11:59,640</time>
<s>有的人他选D</s>
<time>274_00:12:00,000 --> 00:12:01,440</time>
<s>D他也是不健康的</s>
<time>275_00:12:01,800 --> 00:12:02,520</time>
<s>他是房颤</s>
<time>276_00:12:02,880 --> 00:12:03,960</time>
<s>就是心房颤动</s>
<time>277_00:12:04,320 --> 00:12:05,760</time>
<s>我们心房乱颤的时候</s>
<time>278_00:12:06,480 --> 00:12:08,640</time>
<s>我们的心率已经不受我们神经系统的控制了</s>
<time>279_00:12:09,000 --> 00:12:10,800</time>
<s>所以说像A和</s>
<time>280_00:12:11,160 --> 00:12:13,320</time>
<s>它是属于一种比较规律</s>
<time>281_00:12:14,040 --> 00:12:14,400</time>
<s>非常有序</s>
<time>282_00:12:15,120 --> 00:12:16,920</time>
<s>所以说过于规律或者过于有序</s>
<time>283_00:12:17,280 --> 00:12:18,000</time>
<s>它是不健康的</s>
<time>284_00:12:18,360 --> 00:12:20,160</time>
<s>像D这种过于紊乱</s>
<time>285_00:12:20,520 --> 00:12:21,240</time>
<s>它也是不健康的</s>
<time>286_00:12:21,960 --> 00:12:23,040</time>
<s>B他是健康子</s>
<time>287_00:12:23,400 --> 00:12:27,720</time>
<s>它是介于有序与无序之间的一种状态</s>
<time>288_00:12:28,440 --> 00:12:32,400</time>
<s>这个图其实我前两天的时候也问过我的女儿</s>
<time>289_00:12:33,120 --> 00:12:34,200</time>
<s>她刚刚5岁</s>
<time>290_00:12:35,640 --> 00:12:37,080</time>
<s>她一下就说了是B</s>
<time>291_00:12:37,800 --> 00:12:38,880</time>
<s>我就觉得很惊奇</s>
<time>292_00:12:39,240 --> 00:12:41,400</time>
<s>因为在我们演讲</s>
<time>293_00:12:41,760 --> 00:12:44,280</time>
<s>很多学术学术的场合都会问一下让大家猜</s>
<time>294_00:12:44,640 --> 00:12:46,800</time>
<s>基本上正确率不会超过20%</s>
<time>295_00:12:47,160 --> 00:12:48,960</time>
<s>所以刚才选错的没有关系</s>
<time>296_00:12:49,680 --> 00:12:51,120</time>
<s>我就问她为什么是B</s>
<time>297_00:12:51,480 --> 00:12:52,200</time>
<s>她回答我说</s>
<time>298_00:12:52,560 --> 00:12:54,000</time>
<s>因为B最好看</s>
<time>299_00:12:54,720 --> 00:12:56,520</time>
<s>多么朴素的答案是不是</s>
<time>300_00:12:56,880 --> 00:12:59,400</time>
<s>我们说人体要适应环境</s>
<time>301_00:12:59,760 --> 00:13:00,840</time>
<s>然后它有一些动态的变化</s>
<time>302_00:13:01,200 --> 00:13:04,080</time>
<s>我们这种维持动态平衡的能力</s>
<time>303_00:13:04,440 --> 00:13:05,880</time>
<s>其实它不是与生俱来的</s>
<time>304_00:13:06,240 --> 00:13:07,320</time>
<s>也不会一直持续下去</s>
<time>305_00:13:08,040 --> 00:13:09,480</time>
<s>在我们非常年轻的时候</s>
<time>306_00:13:09,840 --> 00:13:11,280</time>
<s>我们机体的功能非常强</s>
<time>307_00:13:11,640 --> 00:13:13,800</time>
<s>我们对外界的感知也非常灵敏</s>
<time>308_00:13:14,160 --> 00:13:17,400</time>
<s>这个时候我们面对外界环境的这种输入的信息</s>
<time>309_00:13:17,760 --> 00:13:19,200</time>
<s>我们可以迅速地作出反应</s>
<time>310_00:13:19,920 --> 00:13:22,080</time>
<s>但是随着我们年龄的增长</s>
<time>311_00:13:22,440 --> 00:13:25,680</time>
<s>首先我们对外界的感知也会慢慢地变弱</s>
<time>312_00:13:26,040 --> 00:13:27,120</time>
<s>不仅感知弱了</s>
<time>313_00:13:27,480 --> 00:13:29,640</time>
<s>我们感知到之后输出也弱了</s>
<time>314_00:13:30,360 --> 00:13:31,800</time>
<s>所以就会越来越单调</s>
<time>315_00:13:32,160 --> 00:13:32,520</time>
<s>举个例子</s>
<time>316_00:13:32,880 --> 00:13:34,320</time>
<s>像有些老年龄大的人</s>
<time>317_00:13:34,680 --> 00:13:37,560</time>
<s>他的足底的末梢神经会变得特别不敏感</s>
<time>318_00:13:37,920 --> 00:13:39,360</time>
<s>这个时候他走路的时候</s>
<time>319_00:13:39,720 --> 00:13:41,520</time>
<s>对周围环境的感知也会变弱</s>
<time>320_00:13:41,880 --> 00:13:44,400</time>
<s>他走路的步态也是非常的不稳的</s>
<time>321_00:13:46,200 --> 00:13:49,080</time>
<s>刚才说了我们这种维持平衡的能力</s>
<time>322_00:13:49,440 --> 00:13:50,160</time>
<s>它不是与生俱来的</s>
<time>323_00:13:50,880 --> 00:13:51,960</time>
<s>我们大量的研究证实了</s>
<time>324_00:13:52,680 --> 00:13:55,200</time>
<s>人体的生理系统维持动态平衡的能力</s>
<time>325_00:13:55,560 --> 00:13:57,720</time>
<s>会随着年龄的增加而下降</s>
<time>326_00:13:58,080 --> 00:14:00,240</time>
<s>这个图中横坐标是年龄</s>
<time>327_00:14:00,600 --> 00:14:02,760</time>
<s>纵坐标是它维持动态平衡的能力</s>
<time>328_00:14:03,120 --> 00:14:04,560</time>
<s>每一个点代表了一个人</s>
<time>329_00:14:04,920 --> 00:14:06,000</time>
<s>是一个非常健康的人</s>
<time>330_00:14:06,360 --> 00:14:07,080</time>
<s>没有任何疾病</s>
<time>331_00:14:07,800 --> 00:14:09,240</time>
<s>我们可以看到维持动态平衡的能力</s>
<time>332_00:14:09,600 --> 00:14:13,200</time>
<s>大概在六十七十这个时候会急剧地下降</s>
<time>333_00:14:13,560 --> 00:14:15,000</time>
<s>当然前面它是怎么长起来的</s>
<time>334_00:14:15,360 --> 00:14:16,080</time>
<s>我们也有一些研究</s>
<time>335_00:14:16,440 --> 00:14:17,880</time>
<s>因为时间关系我就不多讲了</s>
<time>336_00:14:18,240 --> 00:14:20,760</time>
<s>我们前面这么多的例子都告诉我们</s>
<time>337_00:14:21,120 --> 00:14:23,640</time>
<s>看似无序的复杂系统</s>
<time>338_00:14:24,000 --> 00:14:26,520</time>
<s>它其实包含了一些简单的朴实规律</s>
<time>339_00:14:27,240 --> 00:14:29,400</time>
<s>我们有了前面的这些研究有什么用呢</s>
<time>340_00:14:29,760 --> 00:14:33,360</time>
<s>我们说人体生理系统可以说是复杂系统的极致了</s>
<time>341_00:14:34,080 --> 00:14:36,960</time>
<s>我们通过我们人体的各种各样的生理信号输出来</s>
<time>342_00:14:37,320 --> 00:14:40,560</time>
<s>其实就是我们身体传递出来的一个健康报告</s>
<time>343_00:14:40,920 --> 00:14:43,440</time>
<s>这个时候我们就可以借助一些设备</s>
<time>344_00:14:43,800 --> 00:14:44,880</time>
<s>比如说可穿戴设备</s>
<time>345_00:14:45,240 --> 00:14:46,320</time>
<s>来捕获这种信号</s>
<time>346_00:14:46,680 --> 00:14:47,400</time>
<s>来监测它们</s>
<time>347_00:14:47,760 --> 00:14:51,360</time>
<s>这个时候通过一些算法一些技术来进行预防</s>
<time>348_00:14:52,440 --> 00:14:54,600</time>
<s>我们都知道中国的医疗资源是不足的</s>
<time>349_00:14:54,960 --> 00:14:56,040</time>
<s>特别是在偏远的山区</s>
<time>350_00:14:56,760 --> 00:14:57,480</time>
<s>我们可以设想一下</s>
<time>351_00:14:57,840 --> 00:15:02,520</time>
<s>如果说我们有一些简便可用的设备放在那边</s>
<time>352_00:15:02,880 --> 00:15:05,040</time>
<s>而且不需要专业的医生去操作</s>
<time>353_00:15:05,400 --> 00:15:06,840</time>
<s>这个时候只要训练一个</s>
<time>354_00:15:07,200 --> 00:15:09,720</time>
<s>比如说小学文化水平差不多以上的人</s>
<time>355_00:15:10,080 --> 00:15:11,160</time>
<s>就可以操纵这些设备</s>
<time>356_00:15:11,520 --> 00:15:13,680</time>
<s>为全村的人作疾病诊疗</s>
<time>357_00:15:14,040 --> 00:15:15,480</time>
<s>在这样的理念的驱使下</s>
<time>358_00:15:16,200 --> 00:15:18,000</time>
<s>我们团队就在我的老师</s>
<time>359_00:15:18,360 --> 00:15:20,520</time>
<s>哈佛医学院彭仲康教授的带领下</s>
<time>360_00:15:20,880 --> 00:15:22,680</time>
<s>我们研发了这么一套设备</s>
<time>361_00:15:23,040 --> 00:15:24,120</time>
<s>它可以检测很多的</s>
<time>362_00:15:24,480 --> 00:15:25,560</time>
<s>比如说验血验尿等等</s>
<time>363_00:15:25,920 --> 00:15:28,440</time>
<s>也可以检测很多的这种基础的生命的体征</s>
<time>364_00:15:28,800 --> 00:15:30,960</time>
<s>它可以检测13种疾病</s>
<time>365_00:15:31,320 --> 00:15:36,000</time>
<s>比如说我们的尿路感染贫血Ⅱ型糖尿病</s>
<time>366_00:15:36,360 --> 00:15:38,160</time>
<s>包括还有我们刚刚我说的房颤</s>
<time>367_00:15:38,520 --> 00:15:40,320</time>
<s>还有心率衰竭的一些东西</s>
<time>368_00:15:41,040 --> 00:15:45,360</time>
<s>包括慢性阻塞性肺病肺炎高血压</s>
<time>369_00:15:45,720 --> 00:15:46,440</time>
<s>甚至是它可以拍照</s>
<time>370_00:15:46,800 --> 00:15:47,880</time>
<s>看看你有没有皮肤病</s>
<time>371_00:15:48,240 --> 00:15:50,040</time>
<s>还可以放到耳朵里面看看有没有中耳炎</s>
<time>372_00:15:50,400 --> 00:15:54,360</time>
<s>最后我们这套设备还获得了国际最大的医疗竞赛</s>
<time>373_00:15:55,440 --> 00:15:57,960</time>
<s>TricorderXprize的奖励</s>
<time>374_00:15:58,320 --> 00:15:59,760</time>
<s>这个竞赛是最大的</s>
<time>375_00:16:00,120 --> 00:16:01,560</time>
<s>它总奖金有一千万美金</s>
<time>376_00:16:02,280 --> 00:16:05,520</time>
<s>我刚刚说到了交感副交感需要维持一个平衡</s>
<time>377_00:16:06,240 --> 00:16:08,040</time>
<s>维持这种平衡的方法有很多</s>
<time>378_00:16:08,400 --> 00:16:09,840</time>
<s>比如现在大家又热爱运动</s>
<time>379_00:16:10,560 --> 00:16:11,280</time>
<s>运动是一个很好的方法</s>
<time>380_00:16:12,000 --> 00:16:12,360</time>
<s>除了运动</s>
<time>381_00:16:12,720 --> 00:16:13,080</time>
<s>健康的睡眠</s>
<time>382_00:16:13,800 --> 00:16:15,960</time>
<s>它也是促进副交感神经系统</s>
<time>383_00:16:16,320 --> 00:16:18,120</time>
<s>回到平衡状态的一个很好的方法</s>
<time>384_00:16:18,480 --> 00:16:19,560</time>
<s>所以大家要多注意休息</s>
<time>385_00:16:20,280 --> 00:16:22,080</time>
<s>传统上对睡眠的监测怎么做呢</s>
<time>386_00:16:22,440 --> 00:16:23,880</time>
<s>其实还是要在医院里</s>
<time>387_00:16:24,240 --> 00:16:25,680</time>
<s>去过睡眠监测室的人可以看到</s>
<time>388_00:16:26,040 --> 00:16:29,280</time>
<s>它是五花大绑给人戴上很多的线</s>
<time>389_00:16:29,640 --> 00:16:30,360</time>
<s>大概有20多条</s>
<time>390_00:16:31,080 --> 00:16:32,160</time>
<s>而且需要在医院里睡觉</s>
<time>391_00:16:32,520 --> 00:16:33,600</time>
<s>这个是非常不方便的</s>
<time>392_00:16:33,960 --> 00:16:36,840</time>
<s>为了解决我们怎么样把这个设备放在家里就可以用席</s>
<time>393_00:16:37,200 --> 00:16:40,800</time>
<s>我们基于心肺耦合的技术发展了一套的算法</s>
<time>394_00:16:41,160 --> 00:16:42,600</time>
<s>也就是说你只要有一个设备</s>
<time>395_00:16:43,320 --> 00:16:44,760</time>
<s>能够实时量到你的实时心率</s>
<time>396_00:16:45,480 --> 00:16:49,080</time>
<s>比如说像图片中左边这种一个非常小的心电贴</s>
<time>397_00:16:49,440 --> 00:16:50,520</time>
<s>可以贴在你这个位置</s>
<time>398_00:16:51,240 --> 00:16:53,040</time>
<s>或者是大家有人戴手环的</s>
<time>399_00:16:53,400 --> 00:16:54,120</time>
<s>也是可以的</s>
<time>400_00:16:54,480 --> 00:16:57,000</time>
<s>如果说有了这些实时心率我就可以告诉</s>
<time>401_00:16:57,360 --> 00:16:57,720</time>
<s>像右边这样</s>
<time>402_00:16:58,080 --> 00:16:59,160</time>
<s>我告诉你现在是清醒的</s>
<time>403_00:16:59,520 --> 00:17:00,600</time>
<s>是熟睡浅睡</s>
<time>404_00:17:00,960 --> 00:17:01,680</time>
<s>还是在做梦的状态</s>
<time>405_00:17:02,040 --> 00:17:04,200</time>
<s>同时有的人说我不仅想要检测睡眠</s>
<time>406_00:17:04,560 --> 00:17:04,920</time>
<s>我还可以检测</s>
<time>407_00:17:05,280 --> 00:17:06,360</time>
<s>你可以戴24小时</s>
<time>408_00:17:06,720 --> 00:17:07,800</time>
<s>就可以检测你的交感和副交感</s>
<time>409_00:17:08,520 --> 00:17:09,960</time>
<s>神经系统的动态的变化水平</s>
<time>410_00:17:10,320 --> 00:17:11,040</time>
<s>像中间这样</s>
<time>411_00:17:11,760 --> 00:17:14,280</time>
<s>这套算法因为我们做的还是可以的</s>
<time>412_00:17:14,640 --> 00:17:17,880</time>
<s>所以已经授权给了像华为荣耀vivo等这些</s>
<time>413_00:17:18,600 --> 00:17:21,120</time>
<s>如果说有人用手环的话</s>
<time>414_00:17:21,480 --> 00:17:22,920</time>
<s>它里面有一个健康睡眠的功能</s>
<time>415_00:17:23,640 --> 00:17:24,720</time>
<s>现代社会的发展</s>
<time>416_00:17:25,080 --> 00:17:28,320</time>
<s>人们不仅对生理健康有了需求</s>
<time>417_00:17:28,680 --> 00:17:31,560</time>
<s>对精神心理健康大家也提出了更高的需求</s>
<time>418_00:17:32,280 --> 00:17:33,000</time>
<s>提到精神心理健康</s>
<time>419_00:17:33,720 --> 00:17:34,800</time>
<s>我们说就想到我们的大脑</s>
<time>420_00:17:35,520 --> 00:17:36,960</time>
<s>我们的大脑量测它的方法很多</s>
<time>421_00:17:37,320 --> 00:17:39,120</time>
<s>其中一个就是我们的脑电信号</s>
<time>422_00:17:39,480 --> 00:17:40,560</time>
<s>传统怎么样量脑电信号呢</s>
<time>423_00:17:41,280 --> 00:17:42,360</time>
<s>就像我们右边这个图</s>
<time>424_00:17:42,720 --> 00:17:45,600</time>
<s>这个图就是在实验室里你要戴上一个脑电帽</s>
<time>425_00:17:45,960 --> 00:17:46,320</time>
<s>非常复杂</s>
<time>426_00:17:46,680 --> 00:17:47,760</time>
<s>而且需要专业人士操作</s>
<time>427_00:17:48,480 --> 00:17:49,560</time>
<s>同样的为了解决这个问题</s>
<time>428_00:17:49,920 --> 00:17:50,280</time>
<s>我们也开发了</s>
<time>429_00:17:50,640 --> 00:17:51,720</time>
<s>像左边图中的这个</s>
<time>430_00:17:52,080 --> 00:17:54,600</time>
<s>是我们实验室自已开发的可穿戴脑电设备</s>
<time>431_00:17:54,960 --> 00:17:56,760</time>
<s>用它的话就戴起来非常方便</s>
<time>432_00:17:57,120 --> 00:17:58,560</time>
<s>你只要戴上就可以了</s>
<time>433_00:17:58,920 --> 00:18:01,080</time>
<s>你甚至都可以到处去走动都没有关系</s>
<time>434_00:18:01,800 --> 00:18:02,520</time>
<s>那么它可以做什么呢</s>
<time>435_00:18:02,880 --> 00:18:05,760</time>
<s>像多动症儿童他的注意力的评测</s>
<time>436_00:18:06,480 --> 00:18:07,920</time>
<s>包括有情绪问题的人</s>
<time>437_00:18:09,000 --> 00:18:09,720</time>
<s>包括抑郁的评测</s>
<time>438_00:18:10,080 --> 00:18:14,040</time>
<s>包括神经反馈等等的这么一些的干预的手段</s>
<time>439_00:18:14,400 --> 00:18:17,280</time>
<s>我们说精神疾病它真的可以预防吗</s>
<time>440_00:18:18,000 --> 00:18:19,440</time>
<s>我们来看一下这个例子</s>
<time>441_00:18:20,160 --> 00:18:22,680</time>
<s>图中左侧是一项研究</s>
<time>442_00:18:23,040 --> 00:18:24,840</time>
<s>上面是代表了一个躁郁症的患者</s>
<time>443_00:18:25,200 --> 00:18:25,560</time>
<s>什么是躁郁症呢</s>
<time>444_00:18:25,920 --> 00:18:27,360</time>
<s>就是狂躁加抑郁</s>
<time>445_00:18:27,720 --> 00:18:29,520</time>
<s>这样的患者也是非常非常多的</s>
<time>446_00:18:29,880 --> 00:18:30,960</time>
<s>下面是一个健康人</s>
<time>447_00:18:31,320 --> 00:18:31,680</time>
<s>我让他们做什么呢</s>
<time>448_00:18:32,040 --> 00:18:33,120</time>
<s>每天给他一个量表</s>
<time>449_00:18:33,480 --> 00:18:34,560</time>
<s>从1分到10分</s>
<time>450_00:18:34,920 --> 00:18:37,440</time>
<s>每天让他记录一下自己今天的心情是怎么样的</s>
<time>451_00:18:37,800 --> 00:18:39,600</time>
<s>连续记录两年的时间</s>
<time>452_00:18:39,960 --> 00:18:41,040</time>
<s>横坐标跨度两年</s>
<time>453_00:18:41,400 --> 00:18:42,480</time>
<s>然后你就可以看到</s>
<time>454_00:18:42,840 --> 00:18:45,000</time>
<s>躁郁症患者他的情绪基本上都是</s>
<time>455_00:18:45,360 --> 00:18:47,160</time>
<s>要不然就是非常高</s>
<time>456_00:18:47,520 --> 00:18:49,320</time>
<s>处于中间的过程很少</s>
<time>457_00:18:49,680 --> 00:18:51,120</time>
<s>但是我们健康人他就不一样了</s>
<time>458_00:18:51,480 --> 00:18:52,200</time>
<s>我们健康人如果说</s>
<time>459_00:18:52,920 --> 00:18:55,080</time>
<s>你非要让我从1分到10分去打个分</s>
<time>460_00:18:55,440 --> 00:18:56,520</time>
<s>我可能今天2.3</s>
<time>461_00:18:56,880 --> 00:18:58,320</time>
<s>或者是7.8会打</s>
<time>462_00:18:58,680 --> 00:19:00,480</time>
<s>他会觉得你1到10不够</s>
<time>463_00:19:00,840 --> 00:19:01,920</time>
<s>觉得要描述得更细一点</s>
<time>464_00:19:02,280 --> 00:19:04,080</time>
<s>你会看它会是有很多的规律的</s>
<time>465_00:19:04,800 --> 00:19:07,680</time>
<s>而且它不会像躁郁症患者这么的单调</s>
<time>466_00:19:08,400 --> 00:19:09,120</time>
<s>右边这个是什么呢</s>
<time>467_00:19:09,480 --> 00:19:10,200</time>
<s>右边这个是</s>
<time>468_00:19:10,560 --> 00:19:13,080</time>
<s>我们精神科的医生他们有很多的经验</s>
<time>469_00:19:13,440 --> 00:19:15,960</time>
<s>他经过多年的经验总结出来</s>
<time>470_00:19:16,320 --> 00:19:17,040</time>
<s>一般来说</s>
<time>471_00:19:17,400 --> 00:19:19,560</time>
<s>如果说从健康到精神疾病的发展</s>
<time>472_00:19:19,920 --> 00:19:22,800</time>
<s>比如说个性行为认知情绪</s>
<time>473_00:19:23,160 --> 00:19:24,960</time>
<s>一般都是朝两个极端发展</s>
<time>474_00:19:25,320 --> 00:19:25,680</time>
<s>哪两个极端</s>
<time>475_00:19:26,400 --> 00:19:27,480</time>
<s>跟我们刚刚讲的很像</s>
<time>476_00:19:27,840 --> 00:19:28,920</time>
<s>一种特别有序</s>
<time>477_00:19:29,280 --> 00:19:32,880</time>
<s>比如说强迫症冷漠妄想症等等</s>
<time>478_00:19:33,240 --> 00:19:35,400</time>
<s>一种就是行为特别地杂乱</s>
<time>479_00:19:35,760 --> 00:19:40,440</time>
<s>像冲动型人格障碍狂躁虚构等等的这些</s>
<time>480_00:19:40,800 --> 00:19:42,960</time>
<s>所以说我们有了这样的一些方法之后</s>
<time>481_00:19:43,320 --> 00:19:45,480</time>
<s>我们就发现不管是生理的还是精神的</s>
<time>482_00:19:46,200 --> 00:19:47,640</time>
<s>好像脱离了平衡之后</s>
<time>483_00:19:48,000 --> 00:19:50,160</time>
<s>它都需要维持一个动态的平衡</s>
<time>484_00:19:50,520 --> 00:19:53,400</time>
<s>我们说这种动态的平衡它可不可以去量化呢</s>
<time>485_00:19:53,760 --> 00:19:55,560</time>
<s>也就是说我能不能给一个数值去告诉你</s>
<time>486_00:19:55,920 --> 00:19:57,720</time>
<s>现在离着平衡到底有多远</s>
<time>487_00:19:58,080 --> 00:19:59,880</time>
<s>到底是处于一个什么状态</s>
<time>488_00:20:00,240 --> 00:20:03,480</time>
<s>所以我们的老师彭仲康教授</s>
<time>489_00:20:03,840 --> 00:20:05,640</time>
<s>他很早的时候就提出了一种算法</s>
<time>490_00:20:06,360 --> 00:20:08,880</time>
<s>当然这个算法我们也发表在了物理界的顶刊</s>
<time>491_00:20:09,240 --> 00:20:09,960</time>
<s>Physical Review Letters上面</s>
<time>492_00:20:10,680 --> 00:20:13,920</time>
<s>我们可以看到左边是刚刚大家看到的</s>
<time>493_00:20:14,280 --> 00:20:15,720</time>
<s>刚刚让大家猜过的</s>
<time>494_00:20:16,080 --> 00:20:18,960</time>
<s>特别有序的是心衰的患者</s>
<time>495_00:20:19,320 --> 00:20:22,200</time>
<s>特别无序的那个他是房颤的患者</s>
<time>496_00:20:22,560 --> 00:20:24,720</time>
<s>当它量化一下的话我们怎么做</s>
<time>497_00:20:25,080 --> 00:20:26,160</time>
<s>我们从不同的时间尺度</s>
<time>498_00:20:26,880 --> 00:20:27,600</time>
<s>大家自己可以看一下</s>
<time>499_00:20:28,320 --> 00:20:29,400</time>
<s>如果我从不同的时间尺度来看</s>
<time>500_00:20:29,760 --> 00:20:31,200</time>
<s>上面这个健康的人的话</s>
<time>501_00:20:31,560 --> 00:20:34,080</time>
<s>我可以看到他每个尺度都会有所不同</s>
<time>502_00:20:34,440 --> 00:20:35,880</time>
<s>但是对于有序和无序</s>
<time>503_00:20:36,240 --> 00:20:36,600</time>
<s>我们可以看到</s>
<time>504_00:20:36,960 --> 00:20:38,400</time>
<s>不管你尺度怎么样变</s>
<time>505_00:20:39,120 --> 00:20:40,200</time>
<s>它好像都差不多</s>
<time>506_00:20:40,920 --> 00:20:44,160</time>
<s>所以这个方法就是我们从不同的时间尺度来看</s>
<time>507_00:20:44,520 --> 00:20:46,320</time>
<s>这个时间序列的混乱的程度</s>
<time>508_00:20:46,680 --> 00:20:48,120</time>
<s>我们横坐标就是时间尺度</s>
<time>509_00:20:48,480 --> 00:20:49,920</time>
<s>纵坐标是样本焰</s>
<time>510_00:20:50,280 --> 00:20:53,880</time>
<s>炳的意思就是代表时间序列的混乱程度的</s>
<time>511_00:20:54,240 --> 00:20:54,600</time>
<s>我们也可以看到</s>
<time>512_00:20:54,960 --> 00:20:56,400</time>
<s>我们先来看特别无序的</s>
<time>513_00:20:56,760 --> 00:20:58,920</time>
<s>当我用最原始的时间尺度来看的话</s>
<time>514_00:20:59,640 --> 00:21:00,720</time>
<s>它是非常混乱的</s>
<time>515_00:21:01,080 --> 00:21:02,520</time>
<s>当我随着时间尺度慢慢增加的时候</s>
<time>516_00:21:02,880 --> 00:21:03,600</time>
<s>它会慢慢降下来</s>
<time>517_00:21:04,320 --> 00:21:06,480</time>
<s>而对于特别规律的这个心衰的患者</s>
<time>518_00:21:06,840 --> 00:21:07,200</time>
<s>他自始至终</s>
<time>519_00:21:07,560 --> 00:21:10,080</time>
<s>我不管用哪一个时间尺度去看</s>
<time>520_00:21:10,440 --> 00:21:12,240</time>
<s>他都是非常低的</s>
<time>521_00:21:12,600 --> 00:21:14,400</time>
<s>而我们健康人就是绿色的那条线</s>
<time>522_00:21:14,760 --> 00:21:16,560</time>
<s>他是特别平稳的</s>
<time>523_00:21:16,920 --> 00:21:17,280</time>
<s>不同的时间尺度上</s>
<time>524_00:21:17,640 --> 00:21:20,880</time>
<s>他都保持了维持动态平衡的这种能力</s>
<time>525_00:21:21,240 --> 00:21:24,120</time>
<s>当我们把这个算法应用到我们的脑电上面来看</s>
<time>526_00:21:24,840 --> 00:21:26,280</time>
<s>我们就发现了一个非常有趣的现象</s>
<time>527_00:21:26,640 --> 00:21:30,240</time>
<s>我们就发现抑郁症患者的脑电的复杂度它是失衡的席</s>
<time>528_00:21:30,600 --> 00:21:31,320</time>
<s>图中左边</s>
<time>529_00:21:31,680 --> 00:21:33,120</time>
<s>我们这边有一个黑色的线</s>
<time>530_00:21:33,480 --> 00:21:34,560</time>
<s>这是一群健康人</s>
<time>531_00:21:34,920 --> 00:21:38,160</time>
<s>我们量到的它的维持动态平衡的能力</s>
<time>532_00:21:38,520 --> 00:21:39,240</time>
<s>也就是它的复杂度</s>
<time>533_00:21:39,600 --> 00:21:41,760</time>
<s>这个红色的线是抑郁症患者</s>
