Research_NN1 isolated_VVN from_PRP manufacturing_NN1 is_VBZ n't_XX0 effective_AJ0 ._SENT The_AT0 great_AJ0 inventions_NN2 of_PRF the_AT0 digital_AJ0 age_NN1 came_VVD from_PRP the_AT0 collaboration_NN1 of_PRF federal_AJ0 agencies_NN2 (_PUL notably_AV0 Darpa_NP0 )_PUR ,_PUN corporate_AJ0 labs_NN2 and_CJC the_AT0 factory_NN1 floor_NN1 ._SENT Manufacturing_NN1 investment_NN1 fell_VVD to_PRP 1_CRD %_NN0 of_PRF GDP_NN1 in_PRP 2019_CRD from_PRP 2.4_CRD %_NN0 in_PRP 1984_CRD ,_PUN and_CJC capital_NN1 stock_NN1 has_VHZ stagnated_VVN since_PRP 2001._CRD By_PRP my_DPS reckoning_NN1 ,_PUN manufacturing_NN1 capital_NN1 stock_NN1 is_VBZ now_AV0 about_PRP $_NN0 1.5_CRD trillion_CRD below_PRP the_AT0 pre-2001_AJ0 trend_NN1 ._SENT China_NP0 's_POS decisive_AJ0 advantage_NN1 lies_VVZ in_PRP the_AT0 integration_NN1 of_PRF R_ZZ0 &_NN1 D_ZZ0 with_PRP manufacturing_NN1 ,_PUN mining_NN1 ,_PUN logistics_NN1 and_CJC transportation_NN1 ._SENT Messrs._NP0 Allison_NP0 and_CJC Schmidt_NP0 cite_VVB China_NP0 's_POS lead_NN1 in_PRP 5G_AJ0 coverage_NN1 ,_PUN but_CJC more_AV0 challenging_AJ0 is_VBZ China_NP0 's_POS application_NN1 of_PRF 5G_NN1 to_PRP automated_AJ0 ports_NN2 ,_PUN industrial_AJ0 robots_NN2 ,_PUN smart_AJ0 cities_NN2 and_CJC telemedicine_NN1 ._SENT We_PNP need_VVB a_AT0 radical_AJ0 revision_NN1 of_PRF the_AT0 tax_NN1 code_NN1 to_TO0 favor_VVI capital-intensive_AJ0 manufacturing_NN1 rather_AV0 than_CJS capital-light_AJ0 software_NN1 businesses_NN2 ,_PUN and_CJC in_PRP some_DT0 cases_NN2 ,_PUN e.g._AV0 ,_PUN broadband_AJ0 infrastructure_NN1 ,_PUN an_AT0 industrial_AJ0 policy_NN1 ._SENT We_PNP also_AV0 need_VVB to_TO0 train_VVI engineers_NN2 and_CJC skilled_AJ0 factory_NN1 workers_NN2 ,_PUN but_CJC only_AV0 7_CRD %_NN0 of_PRF U.S._NP0 graduates_NN2 major_AJ0 in_PRP engineering_NN1 vs._PRP 33_CRD %_NN0 of_PRF China_NP0 's_POS ._SENT We_PNP cannot_VVB train_NN1 engineers_NN2 fast_AV0 enough_AV0 to_TO0 close_VVI the_AT0 gap_NN1 ,_PUN so_CJS we_PNP will_VM0 need_VVI to_TO0 revise_VVI immigration_NN1 criteria_NN2 to_PRP favor_NN1 skills_NN2 ._SENT 
