When_AVQ does_VDZ a_AT0 pandemic_AJ0 end_NN1 ?_SENT Is_VBZ it_PNP when_CJS life_NN1 regains_VVZ a_AT0 semblance_NN1 of_PRF normality_NN1 ?_SENT 
Is_VBZ it_PNP when_CJS the_AT0 world_NN1 reaches_VVZ herd_NN1 immunity_NN1 ,_PUN the_AT0 benchmark_NN1 at_PRP which_DTQ enough_DT0 people_NN0 are_VBB immune_AJ0 to_PRP an_AT0 infectious_AJ0 disease_NN1 to_TO0 stop_VVI its_DPS widespread_AJ0 circulation_NN1 ?_SENT Or_CJC is_VBZ it_PNP when_CJS the_AT0 disease_NN1 is_VBZ defeated_VVN ,_PUN the_AT0 last_ORD patient_NN1 cured_VVN and_CJC the_AT0 pathogen_NN1 retired_VVN to_PRP the_AT0 history_NN1 books_NN2 ?_SENT 
The_AT0 last_ORD scenario_NN1 ,_PUN in_PRP the_AT0 case_NN1 of_PRF COVID-19_NN1 ,_PUN is_VBZ likely_AV0 a_AT0 ways_NN2 off_AVP ,_PUN if_CJS it_PNP ever_AV0 arrives_VVZ ._SENT The_AT0 virus_NN1 has_VHZ infected_VVN more_AV0 than_CJS 100_CRD million_CRD people_NN0 worldwide_AV0 and_CJC killed_VVD more_AV0 than_CJS 2_CRD million_CRD ._SENT New_AJ0 viral_AJ0 variants_NN2 even_AV0 more_AV0 contagious_AJ0 than_CJS those_DT0 that_CJT started_VVD the_AT0 pandemic_AJ0 are_VBB spreading_VVG across_PRP the_AT0 world_NN1 ._SENT And_CJC though_AV0 highly_AV0 effective_AJ0 vaccines_NN2 were_VBD developed_VVN and_CJC deployed_VVN in_PRP record_NN1 time_NN1 ,_PUN it_PNP will_VM0 be_VBI a_AT0 mammoth_AJ0 undertaking_NN1 to_TO0 inoculate_VVI enough_DT0 of_PRF the_AT0 world_NN1 's_POS population_NN1 to_TO0 achieve_VVI herd_NN1 immunity_NN1 ,_PUN especially_AV0 with_PRP the_AT0 new_AJ0 variants_NN2 in_PRP hot_AJ0 pursuit_NN1 ._SENT Already_AV0 ,_PUN in_PRP many_DT0 countries_NN2 with_PRP access_NN1 to_PRP vaccines_NN2 ,_PUN logistical_AJ0 hurdles_NN2 and_CJC vaccine_NN1 hesitancy_NN1 have_VHB proved_VVN to_TO0 be_VBI formidable_AJ0 adversaries_NN2 ;_PUN meanwhile_AV0 ,_PUN many_DT0 nations_NN2 in_PRP the_AT0 developing_AJ0 world_NN1 do_VDB n't_XX0 have_VHI access_NN1 to_PRP vaccines_NN2 at_PRP all_DT0 ._SENT 
There_EX0 have_VHB been_VBN ,_PUN and_CJC will_VM0 continue_VVI to_TO0 be_VBI ,_PUN global_AJ0 success_NN1 stories_NN2 ._SENT Israel_NP0 has_VHZ vaccinated_VVN a_AT0 significant_AJ0 chunk_NN1 of_PRF its_DPS population_NN1 ,_PUN enough_AV0 to_TO0 begin_VVI feasibly_AV0 planning_VVG for_PRP a_AT0 post-herd-immunity_AJ0 reality_NN1 ._SENT New_NP0 Zealand_NP0 has_VHZ effectively_AV0 eliminated_VVN COVID-19_AJ0 through_PRP a_AT0 combination_NN1 of_PRF domestic_AJ0 lockdowns_NN2 and_CJC border-control_NN1 measures_NN2 ,_PUN and_CJC Australia_NP0 and_CJC multiple_AJ0 Asian_AJ0 countries_NN2 have_VHB used_VVN similar_AJ0 tactics_NN2 to_TO0 dramatically_AV0 tamp_VVI down_AVP the_AT0 virus_NN1 's_POS spread_NN1 ._SENT But_CJC in_PRP places_NN2 like_PRP the_AT0 U.S._NP0 ,_PUN where_AVQ the_AT0 virus_NN1 continues_VVZ to_TO0 spread_VVI widely_AV0 ,_PUN elimination_NN1 is_VBZ at_PRP this_DT0 point_NN1 a_AT0 far_AV0 less_AV0 attainable_AJ0 goal_NN1 than_CJS management_NN1 ._SENT In_PRP the_AT0 U.S._NP0 ,_PUN as_CJS in_PRP many_DT0 parts_NN2 of_PRF the_AT0 world_NN1 ,_PUN experts_NN2 say_VVB COVID-19_NN1 is_VBZ likely_AJ0 ,_PUN at_PRP least_AV0 for_PRP the_AT0 foreseeable_AJ0 future_NN1 ,_PUN to_TO0 become_VVI endemic_AJ0 –_PUN a_AT0 disease_NN1 that_CJT circulates_VVZ regularly_AV0 ,_PUN if_CJS not_XX0 as_AV0 catastrophically_AV0 as_CJS it_PNP has_VHZ over_PRP the_AT0 past_AJ0 year_NN1 ._SENT That_DT0 does_VDZ n't_XX0 mean_VVI it_PNP will_VM0 be_VBI everywhere_AV0 ,_PUN all_DT0 the_AT0 time_NN1 ,_PUN but_CJC it_PNP may_VM0 not_XX0 disappear_VVI completely_AV0 ,_PUN either_AV0 ._SENT 
Our_DPS challenge_NN1 in_PRP the_AT0 U.S._NP0 ,_PUN then_AV0 ,_PUN may_VM0 not_XX0 be_VBI vanquishing_VVG the_AT0 virus_NN1 that_CJT has_VHZ dominated_VVN the_AT0 past_AJ0 year_NN1 of_PRF our_DPS lives_NN2 ._SENT It_PNP may_VM0 be_VBI learning_VVG to_TO0 live_VVI with_PRP it_PNP ._SENT 
Imagine_VVB today_AV0 's_POS date_NN1 is_VBZ Sept._NP0 1_CRD ,_PUN 2021._CRD You_PNP 've_VHB received_VVN both_DT0 of_PRF your_DPS vaccine_NN1 doses_NN2 ._SENT Your_DPS neighbors_NN2 have_VHB been_VBN fully_AV0 vaccinated_VVN too_AV0 ,_PUN so_CJS you_PNP 're_VBB having_VHG them_PNP over_AVP for_PRP dinner_NN1 tonight_AV0 ._SENT COVID-19_AJ0 cases_NN2 have_VHB become_VVN rare_AJ0 in_PRP your_DPS town_NN1 ._SENT You_PNP 'll_VM0 wear_VVI a_AT0 mask_NN1 when_CJS you_PNP go_VVB out_AVP to_TO0 pick_VVI up_AVP groceries_NN2 ,_PUN just_AV0 to_TO0 be_VBI safe_AJ0 ,_PUN and_CJC there_EX0 are_VBB still_AV0 signs_NN2 up_AVP at_PRP the_AT0 pharmacy_NN1 counter_NN1 advertising_NN1 COVID-19_NN1 vaccination_NN1 ._SENT For_PRP the_AT0 most_DT0 part_NN1 ,_PUN though_AV0 ,_PUN life_NN1 feels_VVZ pretty_AV0 normal_AJ0 ._SENT 
Your_DPS brother_NN1 ,_PUN who_PNQ lives_VVZ a_AT0 few_DT0 states_NN2 away_AV0 ,_PUN is_VBZ living_VVG in_PRP a_AT0 different_AJ0 reality_NN1 ._SENT Several_DT0 clusters_NN2 of_PRF cases_NN2 related_VVN to_PRP a_AT0 new_AJ0 viral_AJ0 variant_NN1 have_VHB emerged_VVN in_PRP his_DPS area_NN1 ,_PUN prompting_VVG schools_NN2 to_TO0 delay_VVI their_DPS start_NN1 dates_NN2 ._SENT Masks_NN2 are_VBB required_VVN in_PRP public_NN1 ,_PUN and_CJC restaurants_NN2 are_VBB asking_VVG patrons_NN2 to_TO0 leave_VVI their_DPS information_NN1 in_PRP case_NN1 they_PNP need_VVB to_TO0 start_VVI contact_NN1 tracing_NN1 ._SENT The_AT0 health_NN1 department_NN1 is_VBZ setting_VVG up_AVP public_AJ0 testing_NN1 and_CJC vaccination_NN1 sites_NN2 ,_PUN and_CJC health_NN1 officials_NN2 are_VBB on_PRP the_AT0 news_NN1 each_DT0 night_NN1 encouraging_VVG unvaccinated_AJ0 people_NN0 to_TO0 get_VVI their_DPS shots_NN2 ._SENT You_PNP were_VBD planning_VVG to_TO0 visit_VVI your_DPS brother_NN1 for_PRP Thanksgiving_NN1 ,_PUN but_CJC you_PNP may_VM0 scrap_VVI those_DT0 plans_NN2 if_CJS things_NN2 get_VVB much_AV0 worse_AJC in_PRP his_DPS area_NN1 ._SENT 
That_DT0 's_VBZ a_AT0 hypothetical_AJ0 scenario_NN1 ,_PUN of_PRF course_NN1 ._SENT COVID-19_NN1 is_VBZ a_AT0 new_AJ0 disease_NN1 ,_PUN and_CJC there_EX0 's_VBZ no_AT0 road_NN1 map_NN1 for_PRP predicting_VVG its_DPS future_NN1 ._SENT No_AT0 one_PNI knows_VVZ how_AVQ long_AJ0 it_PNP will_VM0 take_VVI the_AT0 U.S._NP0 to_TO0 reach_VVI herd_NN1 immunity_NN1 or_CJC whether_CJS we_PNP 'll_VM0 get_VVI there_AV0 at_PRP all_DT0 —_PUN if_CJS the_AT0 virus_NN1 mutates_VVZ faster_AJC than_CJS vaccines_NN2 can_VM0 be_VBI administered_VVN ,_PUN or_CJC if_CJS a_AT0 significant_AJ0 share_NN1 of_PRF the_AT0 population_NN1 opts_VVZ not_XX0 to_TO0 get_VVI vaccinated_VVN ,_PUN the_AT0 window_NN1 may_VM0 slam_VVI shut_VVN ._SENT Scientists_NN2 do_VDB n't_XX0 know_VVI how_AVQ many_DT0 people_NN0 need_VVB to_TO0 get_VVI vaccinated_VVN to_TO0 reach_VVI that_DT0 threshold_NN1 even_AV0 if_CJS everything_PNI goes_VVZ well_AV0 ,_PUN though_CJS recent_AJ0 estimates_NN2 put_VVB the_AT0 figure_NN1 at_PRP well_AV0 above_AV0 70_CRD %_NN0 of_PRF the_AT0 population_NN1 ._SENT That_DT0 's_VBZ a_AT0 daunting_AJ0 goal_NN1 ,_PUN since_CJS only_AV0 about_PRP 8_CRD %_NN0 of_PRF people_NN0 in_PRP the_AT0 U.S._NP0 have_VHB been_VBN vaccinated_VVN so_AV0 far_AV0 ._SENT 
What_DTQ does_VDZ seem_VVI safe_AJ0 to_TO0 say_VVI is_VBZ that_CJT COVID-19_NN1 will_VM0 become_VVI increasingly_AV0 manageable_AJ0 as_CJS more_DT0 people_NN0 get_VVB vaccinated_VVN ,_PUN slowing_VVG —_PUN if_CJS not_XX0 stopping_VVG —_PUN the_AT0 virus_NN1 's_VBZ spread_VVN through_PRP communities_NN2 ._SENT Despite_PRP the_AT0 sluggish_AJ0 start_NN1 to_PRP vaccine_NN1 distribution_NN1 in_PRP the_AT0 U.S._NP0 ,_PUN "_PUQ if_CJS we_PNP [_PUL vaccinate_VVB ]_PUR efficiently_AV0 in_PRP April_NP0 ,_PUN May_NP0 ,_PUN June_NP0 ,_PUN July_NP0 ,_PUN August_NP0 ,_PUN we_PNP should_VM0 have_VHI that_DT0 degree_NN1 of_PRF protection_NN1 that_CJT could_VM0 get_VVI us_PNP back_AVP to_PRP some_DT0 form_NN1 of_PRF normality_NN1 "_PUQ by_PRP fall_NN1 ,_PUN Dr._NP0 Anthony_NP0 Fauci_NP0 ,_PUN director_NN1 of_PRF the_AT0 National_AJ0 Institute_NN1 of_PRF Allergy_NN1 and_CJC Infectious_AJ0 Diseases_NN2 ,_PUN said_VVD in_PRP January_NP0 ._SENT 
Even_AV0 assuming_VVG the_AT0 U.S._NP0 picks_VVZ up_AVP the_AT0 pace_NN1 on_PRP vaccinations_NN2 ,_PUN there_EX0 will_VM0 still_AV0 be_VBI gaps_NN2 in_PRP protection_NN1 ._SENT The_AT0 two_CRD COVID-19_AJ0 vaccines_NN2 currently_AV0 authorized_VVN in_PRP the_AT0 U.S._NP0 ,_PUN made_VVN by_PRP Pfizer-BioNTech_NP0 and_CJC Moderna_NP0 ,_PUN are_VBB both_AV0 about_PRP 95_CRD %_NN0 effective_AJ0 at_PRP preventing_VVG disease_NN1 ,_PUN but_CJC there_EX0 is_VBZ a_AT0 small_AJ0 subset_NN1 of_PRF people_NN0 for_PRP whom_PNQ they_PNP will_VM0 not_XX0 work_VVI ._SENT It_PNP 's_VBZ also_AV0 unclear_AJ0 whether_CJS being_VBG vaccinated_VVN means_VVZ you_PNP cannot_NN1 transmit_VVB the_AT0 virus_NN1 to_PRP others_NN2 ._SENT And_CJC there_EX0 will_VM0 always_AV0 be_VBI people_NN0 who_PNQ choose_VVB not_XX0 to_TO0 or_CJC are_VBB unable_AJ0 to_TO0 get_VVI vaccinated_VVN ._SENT Plus_NN1 ,_PUN children_NN2 younger_AJC than_CJS 16_CRD are_VBB not_XX0 currently_AV0 eligible_AJ0 for_PRP vaccination_NN1 ,_PUN which_DTQ means_VVZ the_AT0 virus_NN1 may_VM0 keep_VVI spreading_VVG among_PRP young_AJ0 people_NN0 until_CJS vaccinemakers_NN2 complete_VVB studies_NN2 on_PRP children_NN2 ,_PUN hopefully_AV0 sometime_AV0 this_DT0 year_NN1 ._SENT 
All_DT0 that_DT0 means_VVZ the_AT0 U.S._NP0 is_VBZ unlikely_AJ0 to_TO0 eliminate_VVI COVID-19_NN1 in_PRP the_AT0 near_AJ0 future_NN1 ,_PUN says_VVZ Saskia_NP0 Popescu_NP0 ,_PUN an_AT0 assistant_AJ0 professor_NN1 of_PRF biodefense_NN1 at_PRP George_NP0 Mason_NP0 University_NN1 ._SENT A_AT0 country_NN1 like_PRP New_NP0 Zealand_NP0 –_PUN an_AT0 island_NN1 nation_NN1 with_PRP about_AV0 5_CRD million_CRD residents_NN2 –_PUN will_VM0 have_VHI an_AT0 easier_AJC time_NN1 stamping_VVG out_AVP a_AT0 virus_NN1 than_CJS a_AT0 global_AJ0 travel_NN1 hub_NN1 with_PRP 330_CRD million_CRD citizens_NN2 living_VVG across_PRP more_AV0 than_CJS 50_CRD states_NN2 and_CJC territories_NN2 ._SENT But_CJC even_AV0 if_CJS elimination_NN1 is_VBZ far_AV0 off_AVP ,_PUN "_PUQ I_PNP think_VVB we_PNP 'll_VM0 enter_VVI a_AT0 phase_NN1 of_PRF low-level_AJ0 prevalence_NN1 ,_PUN "_PUQ says_VVZ Dr._NP0 Sandro_NP0 Galea_NN1 ,_PUN dean_NN1 of_PRF the_AT0 Boston_NP0 University_NN1 School_NN1 of_PRF Public_AJ0 Health_NN1 ._SENT "_PUQ Yes_ITJ ,_PUN there_AV0 [_PUL will_VM0 be_VBI ]_PUR a_AT0 disease_NN1 among_PRP us_PNP ,_PUN but_CJC there_EX0 are_VBB many_DT0 diseases_NN2 among_PRP us_PNP ._SENT "_PUQ 
Some_DT0 current_AJ0 precautions_NN2 ,_PUN like_PRP wearing_VVG masks_NN2 in_PRP public_NN1 ,_PUN will_VM0 likely_AV0 remain_VVI widespread_AJ0 throughout_PRP 2021_CRD ,_PUN while_CJS more_DT0 drastic_AJ0 measures_NN2 –_PUN like_PRP school_NN1 closures_NN2 or_CJC stay-at-home_AJ0 orders_NN2 –_PUN will_VM0 hopefully_AV0 become_VVI temporary_AJ0 and_CJC targeted_AJ0 ,_PUN based_VVN on_PRP where_AVQ case_NN1 clusters_NN2 emerge_VVB ._SENT If_CJS case_NN1 counts_VVZ in_PRP an_AT0 area_NN1 begin_VVB to_TO0 tick_VVI upward_AJ0 ,_PUN public-health_AJ0 departments_NN2 should_VM0 be_VBI ready_AJ0 to_TO0 respond_VVI quickly_AV0 with_PRP vaccination_NN1 and_CJC testing_NN1 campaigns_NN2 ,_PUN Popescu_NP0 says_VVZ ._SENT 
Viral_AJ0 variants_NN2 only_AV0 complicate_VVB the_AT0 equation_NN1 ._SENT It_PNP 's_VBZ standard_AJ0 for_PRP viruses_NN2 to_TO0 mutate_VVI the_AT0 longer_AJC they_PNP spread_VVB ._SENT As_CJS more_DT0 people_NN0 gain_VVB immunity_NN1 to_PRP a_AT0 virus_NN1 ,_PUN it_PNP adapts_VVZ to_PRP the_AT0 changing_AJ0 conditions_NN2 ,_PUN sometimes_AV0 becoming_VVG more_AV0 contagious_AJ0 –_PUN or_CJC even_AV0 more_AV0 virulent_AJ0 –_PUN in_PRP the_AT0 process_NN1 ._SENT Already_AV0 ,_PUN more-infectious_AJ0 variants_NN2 of_PRF SARS-CoV-2_NP0 ,_PUN the_AT0 virus_NN1 that_CJT causes_VVZ COVID-19_AJ0 ,_PUN have_VHB begun_VVN to_TO0 spread_VVI around_AVP the_AT0 world_NN1 ._SENT Research_NN1 suggests_VVZ currently_AV0 authorized_AJ0 vaccines_NN2 will_VM0 work_VVI against_PRP them_PNP ,_PUN but_CJC there_EX0 is_VBZ always_AV0 the_AT0 frightening_AJ0 possibility_NN1 that_CJT the_AT0 virus_NN1 will_VM0 mutate_VVI enough_AV0 that_CJT that_DT0 's_VBZ no_AT0 longer_AV0 true_AJ0 ._SENT 
Jonna_NP0 Mazet_NP0 ,_PUN a_AT0 professor_NN1 of_PRF epidemiology_NN1 and_CJC disease_NN1 ecology_NN1 at_PRP the_AT0 University_NN1 of_PRF California_NP0 ,_PUN Davis_NP0 ,_PUN says_VVZ the_AT0 U.S._NP0 will_VM0 need_VVI to_TO0 set_VVI up_AVP a_AT0 robust_AJ0 surveillance_NN1 system_NN1 to_TO0 watch_VVI for_PRP new_AJ0 variants_NN2 of_PRF the_AT0 virus_NN1 ._SENT That_DT0 might_VM0 mean_VVI future_AJ0 international_AJ0 travelers_NN2 will_VM0 also_AV0 have_VHI to_TO0 get_VVI tested_VVN upon_PRP arrival_NN1 in_PRP the_AT0 U.S._NP0 ,_PUN or_CJC that_DT0 large_AJ0 employers_NN2 and_CJC hospitals_NN2 will_VM0 have_VHI to_TO0 regularly_AV0 test_VVI their_DPS employees_NN2 or_CJC patients_NN2 to_TO0 watch_VVI for_PRP new_AJ0 variants_NN2 emerging_VVG in_PRP the_AT0 population_NN1 ._SENT 
To_TO0 enable_VVI this_DT0 kind_NN1 of_PRF surveillance_NN1 ,_PUN the_AT0 World_NN1 Health_NN1 Organization_NN1 (_PUL WHO_NP0 )_PUR is_VBZ working_VVG with_PRP countries_NN2 around_PRP the_AT0 world_NN1 to_TO0 strengthen_VVI their_DPS genetic-sequencing_AJ0 abilities_NN2 ._SENT Maria_NP0 Van_NP0 Kerkhove_NP0 ,_PUN the_AT0 WHO_NP0 's_POS technical_AJ0 lead_NN1 on_PRP COVID-19_NN1 ,_PUN says_VVZ that_DT0 may_VM0 mean_VVI leveraging_AJ0 labs_NN2 already_AV0 set_VVD up_AVP to_TO0 detect_VVI the_AT0 flu_NN1 ,_PUN HIV_NP0 ,_PUN tuberculosis_NN1 and_CJC other_AJ0 diseases_NN2 ,_PUN and_CJC setting_VVG guidelines_NN2 for_PRP which_DTQ samples_NN2 need_VVB genetic_AJ0 sequencing_NN1 –_PUN prioritizing_VVG ,_PUN for_PRP example_NN1 ,_PUN those_DT0 that_CJT come_VVB from_PRP unusual_AJ0 case_NN1 clusters_NN2 or_CJC from_PRP patients_NN2 with_PRP abnormal_AJ0 symptoms_NN2 ._SENT 
If_CJS concerning_PRP mutations_NN2 do_VDB pop_VVI up_AVP ,_PUN vaccinemakers_NN2 may_VM0 have_VHI to_TO0 tweak_VVI their_DPS shots_NN2 and_CJC offer_VVB new_AJ0 versions_NN2 as_PRP boosters_NN2 ._SENT Luckily_AV0 ,_PUN the_AT0 mRNA_NN1 technology_NN1 used_VVN to_TO0 develop_VVI both_AV0 Pfizer-BioNTech_NP0 and_CJC Moderna_NP0 's_POS shots_NN2 enables_VVZ them_PNP to_TO0 make_VVI this_DT0 kind_NN1 of_PRF adjustment_NN1 in_PRP weeks_NN2 ._SENT The_AT0 shots_NN2 use_VVB the_AT0 virus_NN1 's_POS genetic_AJ0 sequence_NN1 to_TO0 teach_VVI the_AT0 body_NN1 how_AVQ to_TO0 make_VVI proteins_NN2 that_CJT trigger_VVB an_AT0 immune_AJ0 response_NN1 ,_PUN so_CJS scientists_NN2 could_VM0 just_AV0 sub_VVI in_PRP the_AT0 new_AJ0 genetic_AJ0 information_NN1 where_CJS relevant_AJ0 ._SENT Van_NP0 Kerkhove_NP0 says_VVZ it_PNP 's_VBZ possible_AJ0 vaccines_NN2 will_VM0 be_VBI tailor-made_AJ0 for_PRP certain_AJ0 geographical_AJ0 regions_NN2 depending_VVG on_PRP how_AVQ and_CJC where_AVQ the_AT0 virus_NN1 mutates_VVZ ,_PUN but_CJC global_AJ0 travel_NN1 means_VVZ new_AJ0 strains_NN2 wo_VM0 n't_XX0 stay_VVI contained_VVN for_PRP long_AV0 ._SENT 
That_DT0 underscores_VVZ wealthy_AJ0 countries_NN2 '_POS responsibility_NN1 to_TO0 help_VVI developing_AJ0 nations_NN2 get_VVB access_NN1 to_PRP vaccines_NN2 ,_PUN Mazet_NP0 says_VVZ –_PUN for_PRP the_AT0 benefit_NN1 of_PRF the_AT0 people_NN0 who_PNQ live_VVB there_AV0 ,_PUN of_PRF course_NN1 ,_PUN but_CJC also_AV0 for_PRP the_AT0 rest_NN1 of_PRF the_AT0 world_NN1 ._SENT Even_AV0 if_CJS one_CRD country_NN1 achieves_VVZ herd_NN1 immunity_NN1 ,_PUN that_DT0 status_NN1 could_VM0 be_VBI threatened_VVN by_PRP new_AJ0 viral_AJ0 mutations_NN2 emerging_VVG from_PRP areas_NN2 without_PRP broad_AJ0 vaccine_NN1 coverage_NN1 ._SENT 
The_AT0 good_AJ0 news_NN1 is_VBZ we_PNP already_AV0 know_VVB how_AVQ to_TO0 live_VVI with_PRP viruses_NN2 ,_PUN like_PRP seasonal_AJ0 influenza_NN1 and_CJC the_AT0 coronaviruses_NN2 that_CJT cause_VVB the_AT0 common_AJ0 cold_NN1 ._SENT These_DT0 diseases_NN2 are_VBB n't_XX0 harmless_AJ0 –_PUN the_AT0 flu_NN1 infects_VVZ millions_CRD of_PRF people_NN0 in_PRP the_AT0 U.S._NP0 each_DT0 year_NN1 and_CJC kills_VVZ tens_CRD of_PRF thousands_CRD –_PUN but_CJC we_PNP have_VHB learned_VVN to_TO0 minimize_VVI their_DPS damage_NN1 ._SENT 
Flu_NN1 shots_NN2 are_VBB neither_AV0 perfectly_AV0 protective_AJ0 nor_CJC universally_AV0 used_VVN ,_PUN but_CJC the_AT0 U.S._NP0 has_VHZ honed_VVN the_AT0 art_NN1 of_PRF administering_VVG them_PNP ._SENT Each_DT0 year_NN1 ,_PUN pharmacies_NN2 ,_PUN medical_AJ0 offices_NN2 ,_PUN workplaces_NN2 and_CJC public_AJ0 clinics_NN2 vaccinate_VVB millions_CRD of_PRF people_NN0 ,_PUN often_AV0 for_PRP free_AJ0 ._SENT The_AT0 U.S._NP0 Centers_NN2 for_PRP Disease_NN1 Control_NN1 and_CJC Prevention_NN1 also_AV0 has_VHZ a_AT0 surveillance_NN1 system_NN1 designed_VVN to_TO0 track_VVI where_AVQ and_CJC how_AVQ widely_AV0 influenza_NN1 strains_NN2 are_VBB circulating_VVG –_PUN research_VVB that_CJT occasionally_AV0 leads_VVZ to_PRP targeted_AJ0 precautions_NN2 ,_PUN like_PRP temporary_AJ0 school_NN1 closures_NN2 ._SENT People_NN0 also_AV0 know_VVB to_TO0 take_VVI extra_AJ0 disease-prevention_AJ0 precautions_NN2 during_PRP flu_NN1 season_NN1 ._SENT 
COVID-19_AJ0 prevention_NN1 may_VM0 ultimately_AV0 look_VVI similar_AJ0 ._SENT It_PNP 's_VBZ possible_AJ0 that_CJT COVID-19_AJ0 vaccines_NN2 will_VM0 need_VVI to_TO0 be_VBI administered_VVN yearly_AV0 ,_PUN like_PRP flu_NN1 shots_NN2 ._SENT A_AT0 surveillance_NN1 network_NN1 will_VM0 also_AV0 be_VBI necessary_AJ0 ,_PUN to_TO0 watch_VVI for_PRP new_AJ0 variants_NN2 or_CJC areas_NN2 where_AVQ case_NN1 counts_NN2 are_VBB creeping_VVG upward_AV0 ._SENT But_CJC if_CJS countries_NN2 stay_VVB vigilant_AJ0 about_PRP precautions_NN2 like_PRP masking_NN1 ,_PUN and_CJC if_CJS coronavirus_NN1 vaccines_NN2 turn_VVB out_AVP to_TO0 be_VBI fairly_AV0 long-lasting_AJ0 and_CJC almost_AV0 universally_AV0 used_VVN ,_PUN our_DPS approach_NN1 to_PRP COVID-19_NN1 may_VM0 someday_AV0 mirror_VVI that_DT0 of_PRF nearly_AV0 eliminated_VVN diseases_NN2 like_PRP measles_NN0 ._SENT 
The_AT0 measles_NN0 ,_PUN mumps_NN2 and_CJC rubella_NN1 vaccine_NN1 is_VBZ required_VVN for_PRP most_DT0 schoolchildren_NN2 ,_PUN and_CJC its_DPS protection_NN1 usually_AV0 lasts_VVZ a_AT0 lifetime_NN1 ._SENT About_PRP 85_CRD %_NN0 of_PRF the_AT0 world_NN1 's_POS children_NN2 have_VHB had_VHN at_PRP least_AV0 one_CRD dose_NN1 of_PRF the_AT0 measles_NN0 vaccine_NN1 ;_PUN in_PRP the_AT0 U.S._NP0 ,_PUN about_PRP 92_CRD %_NN0 of_PRF adolescents_NN2 have_VHB received_VVN both_DT0 recommended_AJ0 shots_NN2 ._SENT That_DT0 's_VBZ an_AT0 aspirational_AJ0 target_NN1 when_CJS designing_VVG COVID-19_AJ0 vaccination_NN1 campaigns_NN2 ._SENT Still_AV0 ,_PUN measles_NN0 outbreaks_NN2 do_VDB occasionally_AV0 occur_VVI in_PRP the_AT0 U.S._NP0 ,_PUN particularly_AV0 among_PRP children_NN2 who_PNQ live_VVB in_PRP communities_NN2 with_PRP high_AJ0 levels_NN2 of_PRF vaccine_NN1 skepticism_NN1 ._SENT But_CJC because_CJS measles_NN0 vaccination_NN1 is_VBZ so_AV0 widespread_AJ0 and_CJC effective_AJ0 ,_PUN such_DT0 incidents_NN2 are_VBB rare_AJ0 ._SENT Even_AV0 in_PRP 2019_CRD ,_PUN one_CRD of_PRF the_AT0 worst_AJS years_NN2 for_PRP measles_NN0 in_PRP recent_AJ0 history_NN1 ,_PUN only_AV0 about_PRP 1_CRD ,_PUN 300_CRD people_NN0 in_PRP the_AT0 U.S._NP0 got_VVD sick_AJ0 ._SENT 
It_PNP may_VM0 never_AV0 be_VBI possible_AJ0 to_TO0 drive_VVI COVID-19_AJ0 case_NN1 counts_VVZ down_AVP that_DT0 low_AJ0 ,_PUN especially_AV0 since_PRP immunity_NN1 from_PRP COVID-19_NN1 ,_PUN unlike_PRP measles_NN0 ,_PUN may_VM0 not_XX0 be_VBI lifelong_AJ0 ._SENT But_CJC Ralph_NP0 Baric_NP0 ,_PUN a_AT0 coronavirus_NN1 researcher_NN1 at_PRP the_AT0 University_NN1 of_PRF North_NP0 Carolina_NP0 ,_PUN says_VVZ he_PNP can_VM0 envision_VVI a_AT0 future_NN1 in_PRP which_DTQ ,_PUN thanks_NN2 to_PRP widespread_AJ0 vaccination_NN1 ,_PUN COVID-19_NN1 also_AV0 becomes_VVZ primarily_AV0 a_AT0 disease_NN1 of_PRF childhood_NN1 ,_PUN and_CJC probably_AV0 a_AT0 mild_AJ0 one_PNI at_PRP that_DT0 ._SENT Kids_NN2 rarely_AV0 develop_VVB severe_AJ0 cases_NN2 of_PRF COVID-19_NN1 ,_PUN and_CJC such_DT0 cases_NN2 may_VM0 become_VVI increasingly_AV0 rare_AJ0 with_PRP time_NN1 :_PUN as_CJS with_PRP other_AJ0 coronaviruses_NN2 ,_PUN children_NN2 may_VM0 be_VBI exposed_VVN to_PRP SARS-CoV-2_NP0 early_AJ0 in_PRP life_NN1 and_CJC progressively_AV0 build_VVB up_AVP immunity_NN1 to_PRP it_PNP ,_PUN taking_VVG it_PNP from_PRP a_AT0 fearsome_AJ0 pathogen_NN1 to_PRP a_AT0 routine_AJ0 part_NN1 of_PRF life_NN1 ._SENT Of_PRF course_NN1 ,_PUN Baric_AJ0 cautions_NN2 ,_PUN predictions_NN2 can_VM0 be_VBI wrong_AJ0 ._SENT 
Containing_VVG the_AT0 virus_NN1 is_VBZ difficult_AJ0 enough_AV0 from_PRP a_AT0 scientific_AJ0 and_CJC logistical_AJ0 perspective_NN1 ._SENT But_CJC recovering_VVG from_PRP a_AT0 pandemic_AJ0 also_AV0 raises_VVZ a_AT0 number_NN1 of_PRF ethical_AJ0 issues_NN2 ._SENT What_DTQ would_VM0 the_AT0 world_NN1 look_NN1 like_PRP ,_PUN for_PRP example_NN1 ,_PUN if_CJS eligibility_NN1 to_TO0 work_VVI ,_PUN socialize_VVB and_CJC generally_AV0 live_VVB a_AT0 public_AJ0 life_NN1 were_VBD contingent_AJ0 on_PRP vaccination_NN1 status_NN1 ?_SENT 
About_PRP 50_CRD %_NN0 of_PRF executives_NN2 said_VVN in_PRP a_AT0 recent_AJ0 poll_NN1 they_PNP plan_VVB to_TO0 require_VVI nonremote_AJ0 employees_NN2 to_TO0 get_VVI vaccinated_AJ0 ,_PUN and_CJC vaccine-mandatory_AJ0 weddings_NN2 and_CJC parties_NN2 will_VM0 almost_AV0 certainly_AV0 pop_VVB up_AVP on_PRP social_AJ0 calendars_NN2 ._SENT Some_DT0 countries_NN2 ,_PUN including_PRP the_AT0 U.K._NP0 ,_PUN are_VBB already_AV0 experimenting_VVG with_PRP "_PUQ immunity_NN1 passports_NN2 ,_PUN "_PUQ which_DTQ essentially_AV0 mark_VVB those_DT0 who_PNQ are_VBB protected_VVN from_PRP COVID-19_AJ0 infection_NN1 and_CJC allow_VVB them_PNP to_TO0 live_VVI and_CJC travel_VVI freely_AV0 ._SENT 
On_PRP their_DPS face_NN1 ,_PUN such_DT0 systems_NN2 make_VVB sense_NN1 –_PUN but_CJC Nicholas_NP0 Evans_NP0 ,_PUN an_AT0 assistant_AJ0 philosophy_NN1 professor_NN1 at_PRP the_AT0 University_NN1 of_PRF Massachusetts_NP0 ,_PUN Lowell_NP0 ,_PUN says_VVZ they_PNP 're_VBB a_AT0 slippery_AJ0 slope_NN1 ._SENT 
