Chapter_NN1 6_CRD 
THE_AT0 OCTOPUS_NN1 
as_CJS dr._AJ0 henry_NN1 welch_VVI took_VVD the_AT0 stage_NN1 ,_PUN a_AT0 hush_NN1 fell_VVD over_AVP the_AT0 crowd_NN1 ._SENT Hundreds_CRD of_PRF doctors_NN2 ,_PUN chemists_NN2 ,_PUN pharmaceutical_AJ0 executives_NN2 ,_PUN and_CJC admen_NN2 had_VHD convened_VVN in_PRP Washington_NP0 ,_PUN D.C._NP0 ,_PUN for_PRP the_AT0 Fourth_ORD Annual_AJ0 Symposium_NN1 on_PRP Antibiotics_NN2 ._SENT They_PNP had_VHD gathered_VVN at_PRP the_AT0 Willard_NP0 ,_PUN an_AT0 opulent_AJ0 hotel_NN1 overlooking_VVG the_AT0 National_AJ0 Mall_NN1 ,_PUN just_AV0 a_AT0 few_DT0 blocks_NN2 from_PRP the_AT0 White_AJ0 House_NN1 ,_PUN for_PRP a_AT0 series_NN0 of_PRF presentations_NN2 about_PRP the_AT0 latest_AJS developments_NN2 in_PRP antibiotics_NN2 ,_PUN with_PRP guest_NN1 speakers_NN2 from_PRP across_PRP the_AT0 country_NN1 and_CJC around_PRP the_AT0 world_NN1 ._SENT It_PNP was_VBD the_AT0 first_ORD day_NN1 of_PRF the_AT0 conference_NN1 ,_PUN a_AT0 mid-autumn_NN1 morning_NN1 in_PRP 1956_CRD ,_PUN and_CJC Welch_NP0 ,_PUN who_PNQ was_VBD one_CRD of_PRF the_AT0 impresarios_NN2 behind_PRP the_AT0 event_NN1 ,_PUN extended_VVD a_AT0 warm_AJ0 welcome_NN1 to_PRP the_AT0 participants_NN2 ._SENT 
This_DT0 would_VM0 not_XX0 be_VBI one_CRD of_PRF those_DT0 perfunctory_AJ0 early_AJ0 morning_NN1 speeches_NN2 that_CJT the_AT0 crowd_NN1 ,_PUN more_AV0 focused_VVN on_PRP settling_VVG in_AVP and_CJC finding_VVG coffee_NN1 ,_PUN half_DT0 ignores_VVZ ._SENT Welch_NP0 was_VBD an_AT0 important_AJ0 figure_NN1 in_PRP pharmaceutical_AJ0 circles_NN2 :_PUN the_AT0 chief_NN1 of_PRF antibiotics_NN2 at_PRP the_AT0 Food_NN1 and_CJC Drug_NN1 Administration_NN1 ,_PUN a_AT0 man_NN1 with_PRP the_AT0 power_NN1 to_TO0 make_VVI or_CJC break_VVI a_AT0 drug_NN1 ._SENT People_NN0 in_PRP the_AT0 room_NN1 wanted_VVD to_TO0 hear_VVI what_DTQ he_PNP had_VHD to_TO0 say_VVI ._SENT He_PNP was_VBD not_XX0 actually_AV0 an_AT0 MD_NN1 ,_PUN but_CJC he_PNP had_VHD a_AT0 PhD_NN1 in_PRP medical_AJ0 bacteriology_NN1 ,_PUN and_CJC he_PNP was_VBD regarded_VVN as_PRP an_AT0 authority_NN1 in_PRP the_AT0 field_NN1 ._SENT Square-faced_AJ0 and_CJC jowly_AJ0 ,_PUN with_PRP horn-rimmed_AJ0 glasses_NN2 and_CJC the_AT0 meaty_AJ0 physique_NN1 of_PRF an_AT0 ex-athlete_NN1 ,_PUN Welch_NP0 was_VBD also_AV0 the_AT0 drug-industry_AJ0 equivalent_NN1 of_PRF a_AT0 war_NN1 hero_NN1 :_PUN during_PRP the_AT0 war_NN1 ,_PUN he_PNP had_VHD developed_VVN a_AT0 system_NN1 for_PRP testing_VVG and_CJC approving_VVG all_DT0 of_PRF the_AT0 lifesaving_AJ0 penicillin_NN1 that_CJT was_VBD distributed_VVN to_PRP U.S._NP0 forces_NN2 abroad_AV0 ,_PUN a_AT0 contribution_NN1 for_PRP which_DTQ he_PNP had_VHD been_VBN awarded_VVN a_AT0 Distinguished_AJ0 Service_NN1 Gold_NN1 Medal_NN1 from_PRP the_AT0 federal_AJ0 government_NN1 ._SENT 
The_AT0 people_NN0 assembled_VVN in_PRP the_AT0 room_NN1 that_CJT day_NN1 had_VHD a_AT0 sense_NN1 that_CJT they_PNP were_VBD engaged_VVN in_PRP an_AT0 important_AJ0 mission_NN1 that_CJT was_VBD inextricable_AJ0 from_PRP the_AT0 American_AJ0 national_AJ0 interest_NN1 ._SENT Before_CJS the_AT0 conference_NN1 ,_PUN Welch_NP0 had_VHD received_VVN a_AT0 telegram_NN1 from_PRP the_AT0 White_AJ0 House_NN1 in_PRP which_DTQ President_NP0 Eisenhower_NP0 welcomed_VVD the_AT0 attendees_NN2 ,_PUN noting_VVG that_CJT the_AT0 nascent_AJ0 antibiotics_NN2 industry_NN1 ,_PUN "_PUQ developed_VVD through_PRP the_AT0 cooperative_AJ0 efforts_NN2 of_PRF scientists_NN2 and_CJC business_NN1 executives_NN2 ,_PUN "_PUQ had_VHD "_PUQ been_VBN instrumental_AJ0 in_PRP saving_VVG the_AT0 lives_NN2 of_PRF thousands_CRD of_PRF citizens_NN2 ._SENT "_PUQ 
Launching_VVG into_PRP his_DPS upbeat_AJ0 welcome_NN1 ,_PUN Welch_NP0 invoked_VVD the_AT0 "_PUQ worldwide_AJ0 interest_NN1 "_PUQ in_PRP the_AT0 research_NN1 that_CJT they_PNP were_VBD all_AV0 doing_VDG and_CJC "_PUQ the_AT0 tremendous_AJ0 dollar_NN1 expansion_NN1 of_PRF this_DT0 young_AJ0 industry_NN1 ._SENT "_PUQ Together_AV0 ,_PUN they_PNP were_VBD fighting_VVG an_AT0 epic_AJ0 battle_NN1 against_PRP germs_NN2 ,_PUN he_PNP said_VVD ._SENT They_PNP had_VHD made_VVN great_AJ0 progress_NN1 ,_PUN but_CJC the_AT0 war_NN1 was_VBD not_XX0 yet_AV0 won_VVN ,_PUN because_CJS the_AT0 widespread_AJ0 use_NN1 of_PRF antibiotics_NN2 had_VHD given_VVN rise_NN1 to_PRP new_AJ0 ,_PUN battle-hardened_AJ0 bacteria_NN2 that_CJT were_VBD resistant_AJ0 to_PRP these_DT0 drugs_NN2 ._SENT 
As_CJS Welch_NP0 spoke_VVD ,_PUN a_AT0 thin_AJ0 man_NN1 with_PRP an_AT0 olive_AJ0 complexion_NN1 and_CJC a_AT0 pencil_NN1 mustache_NN1 looked_VVD on_AVP with_PRP muted_AJ0 excitement_NN1 ._SENT His_DPS name_NN1 was_VBD Félix_NP0 Martí-Ibáñez_NP0 ,_PUN and_CJC he_PNP was_VBD a_AT0 charming_AJ0 ,_PUN if_CJS slightly_AV0 unctuous_AJ0 ,_PUN physician_NN1 and_CJC Welch_NP0 's_POS partner_NN1 in_PRP organizing_VVG the_AT0 event_NN1 ._SENT Martí-Ibáñez_NP0 was_VBD a_AT0 psychiatrist_NN1 by_PRP training_NN1 who_PNQ had_VHD practiced_VVN in_PRP Barcelona_NP0 and_CJC been_VBN wounded_VVN in_PRP the_AT0 Spanish_AJ0 Civil_AJ0 War_NN1 before_PRP immigrating_NN1 to_PRP the_AT0 United_NP0 States_NP0 ._SENT In_PRP New_NP0 York_NP0 ,_PUN he_PNP had_VHD held_VVN positions_NN2 at_PRP a_AT0 number_NN1 of_PRF pharmaceutical_AJ0 companies_NN2 ,_PUN including_PRP Roche_NP0 ,_PUN and_CJC done_VDN research_NN1 in_PRP the_AT0 asylum_NN1 at_PRP Creedmoor_NP0 ,_PUN where_AVQ he_PNP worked_VVD closely_AV0 with_PRP the_AT0 Sackler_NN1 brothers_NN2 ._SENT In_PRP a_AT0 letter_NN1 he_PNP wrote_VVD in_PRP 1956_CRD ,_PUN Arthur_NP0 Sackler_NP0 described_VVD Martí-Ibáñez_NP0 as_PRP his_DPS "_PUQ dearest_AJS friend_NN1 ,_PUN "_PUQ remarking_VVG ,_PUN "_PUQ There_EX0 is_VBZ no_AT0 man_NN1 in_PRP medicine_NN1 ,_PUN in_PRP fact_NN1 ,_PUN no_AT0 man_NN1 I_PNP know_VVB ,_PUN for_PRP whom_PNQ I_PNP have_VHB greater_AJC affection_NN1 than_CJS Félix_NP0 ._SENT "_PUQ 
Like_PRP Arthur_NP0 ,_PUN Martí-Ibáñez_NP0 fashioned_VVD himself_PNX as_PRP a_AT0 Renaissance_NN1 man_NN1 ._SENT He_PNP discoursed_VVD on_PRP a_AT0 wide_AJ0 range_NN1 of_PRF subjects_NN2 in_PRP his_DPS mellifluous_AJ0 Spanish_AJ0 accent_NN1 and_CJC liked_VVD to_TO0 claim_VVI that_CJT his_DPS father_NN1 ,_PUN who_PNQ had_VHD been_VBN a_AT0 professor_NN1 in_PRP Spain_NP0 ,_PUN was_VBD the_AT0 author_NN1 of_PRF "_PUQ some_DT0 five_CRD hundred_CRD books_NN2 ._SENT "_PUQ In_PRP addition_NN1 to_PRP publishing_VVG medical_AJ0 papers_NN2 with_PRP the_AT0 Sacklers_NP0 ,_PUN Martí-Ibáñez_NP0 wrote_VVD novels_NN2 and_CJC short_AJ0 stories_NN2 and_CJC volumes_NN2 of_PRF medical_AJ0 history_NN1 and_CJC columns_NN2 in_PRP popular_AJ0 magazines_NN2 (_PUL Cosmopolitan_NP0 ,_PUN 1963_CRD :_PUN "_PUQ It_PNP is_VBZ no_AT0 longer_AV0 '_PUQ fashionable_AJ0 '_PUQ to_TO0 be_VBI ill_AJ0 "_PUQ )_PUR ._SENT 
In_PRP recent_AJ0 years_NN2 ,_PUN Martí-Ibáñez_NP0 had_VHD been_VBN working_VVG for_PRP Arthur_NP0 at_PRP his_DPS advertising_AJ0 agency_NN1 ,_PUN William_NP0 Douglas_NP0 McAdams_NP0 ._SENT But_CJC he_PNP had_VHD also_AV0 been_VBN focusing_VVG on_PRP a_AT0 publishing_NN1 company_NN1 that_CJT he_PNP 'd_VHD established_VVN a_AT0 few_DT0 years_NN2 earlier_AV0 ,_PUN called_VVD MD_NN1 Publications_NN2 ._SENT MD_NP0 put_VVD out_AVP a_AT0 glossy_AJ0 magazine_NN1 about_PRP medicine_NN1 ,_PUN featuring_VVG lots_PNI of_PRF sumptuous_AJ0 advertising_NN1 from_PRP pharmaceutical_AJ0 companies_NN2 ._SENT It_PNP also_AV0 published_VVD a_AT0 pair_NN0 of_PRF technical_AJ0 journals_NN2 ,_PUN Antibiotics_NN2 and_CJC Chemotherapy_NN1 and_CJC Antibiotic_NN1 Medicine_NN1 and_CJC Clinical_AJ0 Therapy_NN1 ,_PUN which_DTQ Henry_NP0 Welch_NP0 co-edited_VVD with_PRP Martí-Ibáñez_NP0 ._SENT The_AT0 journals_NN2 were_VBD sponsors_NN2 of_PRF this_DT0 conference_NN1 ._SENT It_PNP was_VBD Martí-Ibáñez_NP0 who_PNQ had_VHD proposed_VVN to_PRP Welch_NP0 that_CJT they_PNP work_VVB together_AV0 ._SENT The_AT0 two_CRD men_NN2 were_VBD very_AV0 different_AJ0 :_PUN whereas_CJS Martí-Ibáñez_NP0 was_VBD a_AT0 flamboyantly_AV0 cultured_AJ0 European_AJ0 ,_PUN with_PRP a_AT0 habit_NN1 of_PRF speaking_VVG in_PRP flowering_AJ0 mixed_AJ0 metaphors_NN2 ,_PUN Welch_NP0 was_VBD a_AT0 plainspoken_AJ0 ,_PUN meat-and-potatoes_NN2 mid-century_NN1 American_AJ0 man_NN1 ._SENT But_CJC they_PNP forged_VVD a_AT0 close_AJ0 friendship_NN1 ,_PUN with_PRP Martí-Ibáñez_NP0 tending_VVG to_PRP business_NN1 in_PRP New_NP0 York_NP0 while_CJS Welch_NP0 continued_VVD to_TO0 run_VVI his_DPS division_NN1 at_PRP the_AT0 FDA_NN1 in_PRP Washington_NP0 ._SENT Martí-Ibáñez_NP0 liked_VVD to_TO0 send_VVI Welch_NP0 letters_NN2 with_PRP comical_AJ0 doodles_NN2 in_PRP the_AT0 margins_NN2 ,_PUN like_PRP a_AT0 tiny_AJ0 cartoon_NN1 man_NN1 reaching_VVG for_PRP a_AT0 big_AJ0 bottle_NN1 of_PRF the_AT0 tranquilizer_NN1 Miltown_NN1 ._SENT 
If_CJS the_AT0 notion_NN1 of_PRF an_AT0 FDA_NN1 regulator_NN1 serving_VVG as_PRP editor_NN1 of_PRF a_AT0 private_AJ0 sector_NN1 journal_NN1 that_CJT covered_VVD the_AT0 very_AJ0 industry_NN1 that_CJT he_PNP happened_VVD to_TO0 be_VBI regulating_AJ0 seemed_VVD a_AT0 bit_NN1 strange_AJ0 ,_PUN neither_AV0 Welch_NP0 nor_CJC Martí-Ibáñez_NP0 dwelled_VVD on_PRP it_PNP ._SENT And_CJC if_CJS anyone_PNI at_PRP the_AT0 FDA_NN1 had_VHD issues_NN2 ,_PUN they_PNP knew_VVD better_AV0 than_CJS to_TO0 raise_VVI them_PNP ._SENT "_PUQ Welch_NP0 had_VHD strong_AJ0 opinions_NN2 and_CJC did_VDD not_XX0 brook_VVI contradiction_NN1 ,_PUN "_PUQ one_CRD former_DT0 associate_NN1 recalled_VVD ._SENT Welch_NP0 had_VHD created_VVN the_AT0 antibiotics_NN2 division_NN1 at_PRP the_AT0 FDA_NN1 ,_PUN and_CJC he_PNP was_VBD not_XX0 averse_AJ0 to_PRP throwing_VVG his_DPS weight_NN1 around_AVP in_PRP the_AT0 bureaucracy_NN1 or_CJC exercising_VVG his_DPS available_AJ0 prerogatives_NN2 ._SENT When_CJS he_PNP wanted_VVD to_TO0 build_VVI a_AT0 swimming_NN1 pool_NN1 at_PRP his_DPS home_NN1 in_PRP suburban_AJ0 Maryland_NP0 ,_PUN he_PNP ordered_VVD a_AT0 bunch_NN1 of_PRF his_DPS FDA_NN1 underlings_NN2 to_TO0 leave_VVI the_AT0 agency_NN1 for_PRP an_AT0 afternoon_NN1 and_CJC come_VVB dig_VVI it_PNP themselves_PNX ._SENT (_PUL They_PNP "_PUQ felt_VVD obliged_AJ0 ,_PUN "_PUQ another_DT0 former_DT0 FDA_NN1 colleague_NN1 recalled_VVD ._SENT "_PUQ In_PRP order_NN1 to_TO0 keep_VVI their_DPS job_NN1 ._SENT "_PUQ )_PUR 
The_AT0 conference_NN1 at_PRP the_AT0 Willard_NP0 was_VBD co-sponsored_VVN by_PRP the_AT0 FDA_NN1 ,_PUN but_CJC all_DT0 the_AT0 expenses_NN2 were_VBD paid_VVN for_PRP by_PRP the_AT0 journals_NN2 that_CJT Martí-Ibáñez_NP0 and_CJC Welch_NP0 published_VVD ._SENT In_PRP a_AT0 letter_NN1 to_PRP Welch_NP0 ,_PUN Martí-Ibáñez_NP0 described_VVD the_AT0 "_PUQ unique_AJ0 opportunity_NN1 "_PUQ the_AT0 two_CRD men_NN2 had_VHD to_TO0 "_PUQ slant_VVI "_PUQ the_AT0 symposium_NN1 in_PRP a_AT0 direction_NN1 that_CJT would_VM0 "_PUQ be_VBI most_AV0 useful_AJ0 to_PRP the_AT0 audience_NN1 of_PRF our_DPS publications_NN2 ._SENT "_PUQ From_PRP the_AT0 beginning_NN1 of_PRF their_DPS relationship_NN1 ,_PUN Welch_NP0 had_VHD known_VVN ,_PUN or_CJC at_PRP least_AV0 suspected_AJ0 ,_PUN that_CJT there_EX0 was_VBD some_DT0 other_AJ0 silent_AJ0 partner_NN1 who_PNQ had_VHD a_AT0 stake_NN1 in_PRP the_AT0 journals_NN2 :_PUN some_DT0 unnamed_AJ0 backer_NN1 who_PNQ helped_VVD bankroll_VVI the_AT0 whole_AJ0 enterprise_NN1 ._SENT But_CJC when_CJS he_PNP pressed_VVD Martí-Ibáñez_NP0 about_PRP who_PNQ this_DT0 person_NN1 might_VM0 be_VBI ,_PUN the_AT0 Spaniard_NN1 was_VBD evasive_AJ0 ,_PUN saying_VVG that_CJT the_AT0 "_PUQ private_AJ0 and_CJC confidential_AJ0 aspects_NN2 of_PRF our_DPS work_NN1 "_PUQ should_VM0 not_XX0 be_VBI "_PUQ open_AJ0 to_PRP anyone_PNI ._SENT "_PUQ Not_XX0 even_AV0 Welch_NP0 ._SENT 
"_PUQ We_PNP are_VBB now_AV0 in_PRP the_AT0 third_ORD era_NN1 of_PRF antibiotic_NN1 therapy_NN1 ,_PUN "_PUQ Welch_NP0 announced_VVD ,_PUN triumphantly_AV0 ,_PUN at_PRP the_AT0 Willard_NP0 ._SENT The_AT0 first_ORD era_NN1 had_VHD involved_VVN "_PUQ narrow_AJ0 spectrum_NN1 "_PUQ antibiotics_NN2 ,_PUN like_PRP penicillin_NN1 ._SENT The_AT0 second_ORD era_NN1 came_VVD with_PRP the_AT0 introduction_NN1 of_PRF broad-spectrum_AJ0 therapies_NN2 ,_PUN like_PRP the_AT0 Pfizer_NP0 drug_NN1 Terramycin_NN1 ,_PUN which_DTQ were_VBD effective_AJ0 against_PRP a_AT0 range_NN1 of_PRF disease-causing_AJ0 bacteria_NN2 ._SENT The_AT0 third_ORD era_NN1 ,_PUN Welch_NP0 explained_VVD ,_PUN would_VM0 be_VBI characterized_VVN by_PRP "_PUQ synergistic_AJ0 "_PUQ combinations_NN2 of_PRF different_AJ0 therapies_NN2 ,_PUN which_DTQ could_VM0 attack_VVI even_AV0 illnesses_NN2 that_CJT resisted_VVD traditional_AJ0 antibiotics_NN2 ._SENT 
A_AT0 few_DT0 of_PRF the_AT0 foreign_AJ0 visitors_NN2 in_PRP the_AT0 ballroom_NN1 that_CJT morning_NN1 expressed_VVD unease_NN1 at_PRP the_AT0 spectacle_NN1 of_PRF America_NP0 's_POS antibiotics_NN2 czar_NN1 sounding_VVG so_AV0 much_AV0 like_PRP an_AT0 industry_NN1 booster_NN1 ._SENT But_CJC such_DT0 skeptics_NN2 were_VBD in_PRP the_AT0 minority_NN1 ._SENT "_PUQ Deadliest_AJS Ills_NN2 Defeated_VVN by_PRP Antibiotics_NN2 ,_PUN "_PUQ The_AT0 Washington_NP0 Post_NN1 declared_VVD ,_PUN describing_VVG the_AT0 conference_NN1 in_PRP excited_AJ0 tones_NN2 and_CJC extolling_VVG the_AT0 "_PUQ conquest_NN1 "_PUQ of_PRF stubborn_AJ0 infections_NN2 and_CJC the_AT0 power_NN1 of_PRF "_PUQ the_AT0 so-called_AJ0 wonder_NN1 drugs_NN2 ._SENT "_PUQ Scarcely_AV0 an_AT0 hour_NN1 had_VHD passed_VVN after_PRP Welch_NP0 's_POS remarks_NN2 before_CJS Pfizer_NP0 put_VVD out_AVP a_AT0 press_NN1 release_NN1 hailing_VVG "_PUQ the_AT0 third_ORD era_NN1 in_PRP antibiotic_NN1 treatment_NN1 "_PUQ and_CJC introducing_VVG a_AT0 new_AJ0 drug_NN1 of_PRF its_DPS own_DT0 ,_PUN Sigmamycin_NP0 ,_PUN which_DTQ the_AT0 company_NN1 billed_VVN as_PRP the_AT0 first_ORD "_PUQ synergistic_AJ0 combination_NN1 ,_PUN "_PUQ which_DTQ could_VM0 attack_VVI "_PUQ germs_NN2 that_CJT have_VHB learned_VVN to_TO0 live_VVI with_PRP older_AJC antibiotics_NN2 ._SENT "_PUQ The_AT0 release_NN1 pointed_VVD out_AVP that_CJT no_AT0 less_AV0 an_AT0 authority_NN1 than_CJS Henry_NP0 Welch_NP0 of_PRF the_AT0 FDA_NN1 had_VHD cited_VVN synergistic_AJ0 combinations_NN2 as_CJS "_PUQ comprising_VVG a_AT0 new_AJ0 and_CJC powerful_AJ0 trend_NN1 ._SENT "_PUQ 
For_PRP Welch_NP0 and_CJC Martí-Ibáñez_NP0 ,_PUN the_AT0 conference_NN1 was_VBD a_AT0 resounding_AJ0 success_NN1 ._SENT But_CJC the_AT0 symposium_NN1 —_PUN and_CJC in_PRP particular_AJ0 Welch_NP0 's_POS opening_AJ0 speech_NN1 about_PRP the_AT0 "_PUQ third_ORD era_NN1 "_PUQ in_PRP antibiotics_NN2 —_PUN would_VM0 soon_AV0 embroil_VVI both_DT0 men_NN2 in_PRP a_AT0 scandal_NN1 and_CJC a_AT0 federal_AJ0 investigation_NN1 that_CJT would_VM0 end_VVI one_CRD of_PRF their_DPS careers_NN2 and_CJC ensnare_VVI Arthur_NP0 Sackler_NP0 and_CJC his_DPS brothers_NN2 ._SENT 
*_PUN *_PUN *_PUN 
One_CRD day_NN1 in_PRP 1960_CRD ,_PUN Arthur_NP0 Sackler_NP0 bought_VVD a_AT0 house_NN1 in_PRP Manhattan_NP0 ._SENT It_PNP was_VBD an_AT0 impulse_NN1 buy_VVI ._SENT He_PNP did_VDD n't_XX0 even_AV0 consult_VVI Marietta_NP0 ._SENT It_PNP was_VBD a_AT0 small_AJ0 town_NN1 house_NN1 ,_PUN four_CRD stories_NN2 and_CJC a_AT0 basement_NN1 ,_PUN on_PRP East_NP0 Fifty-Seventh_CRD Street_NP0 ._SENT After_CJS he_PNP surprised_VVD Marietta_NP0 with_PRP the_AT0 news_NN1 that_CJT he_PNP had_VHD purchased_VVN a_AT0 new_AJ0 home_NN1 ,_PUN she_PNP joked_VVD that_CJT it_PNP was_VBD "_PUQ too_AV0 small_AJ0 for_PRP all_DT0 of_PRF us_PNP but_CJC just_AV0 right_AJ0 for_PRP him_PNP !_SENT "_PUQ The_AT0 building_NN1 would_VM0 be_VBI helpful_AJ0 for_PRP Arthur_NP0 's_POS business_NN1 ,_PUN she_PNP acknowledged_VVD ,_PUN and_CJC ,_PUN anyway_AV0 ,_PUN she_PNP had_VHD been_VBN feeling_VVG cooped_VVN up_AVP in_PRP the_AT0 house_NN1 on_PRP Long_AJ0 Island_NN1 ._SENT After_CJS Denise_NP0 was_VBD born_VVN ,_PUN Marietta_NP0 had_VHD briefly_AV0 gone_VVN back_AVP to_PRP work_NN1 ,_PUN passing_VVG her_DPS medical_AJ0 exams_NN2 ._SENT But_CJC Arthur_NP0 did_VDD not_XX0 see_VVI why_AVQ she_PNP insisted_VVD on_AVP working_VVG ,_PUN and_CJC she_PNP felt_VVD guilty_AJ0 being_VBG away_AV0 from_PRP the_AT0 children_NN2 ,_PUN so_CJS she_PNP ended_VVD up_AVP abandoning_VVG her_DPS career_NN1 after_PRP a_AT0 year_NN1 ._SENT If_CJS the_AT0 family_NN1 moved_VVN into_PRP the_AT0 city_NN1 ,_PUN perhaps_AV0 it_PNP would_VM0 be_VBI an_AT0 opportunity_NN1 for_PRP them_PNP to_TO0 spend_VVI more_DT0 time_NN1 with_PRP Arthur_NP0 ._SENT So_AV0 ,_PUN while_CJS Arthur_NP0 supervised_VVD the_AT0 decorating_NN1 of_PRF the_AT0 new_AJ0 home_NN1 ,_PUN Marietta_NP0 oversaw_VVB the_AT0 relocation_NN1 of_PRF herself_PNX ,_PUN her_DPS kids_NN2 ,_PUN the_AT0 dog_NN1 ,_PUN the_AT0 hamster_NN1 ,_PUN and_CJC a_AT0 litter_NN1 of_PRF white_AJ0 mice_NN2 ._SENT They_PNP would_VM0 hold_VVI on_AVP to_PRP the_AT0 Long_AJ0 Island_NN1 house_NN1 ,_PUN as_CJS a_AT0 weekend_NN1 retreat_NN1 ._SENT And_CJC ,_PUN not_XX0 long_AJ0 after_PRP moving_VVG in_AVP ,_PUN Marietta_NP0 began_VVD negotiating_VVG with_PRP the_AT0 woman_NN1 who_PNQ owned_VVD an_AT0 identical_AJ0 town_NN1 house_NN1 next_ORD door_NN1 ,_PUN with_PRP an_AT0 eye_NN1 to_PRP buying_VVG it_PNP and_CJC combining_VVG the_AT0 two_CRD ,_PUN which_DTQ the_AT0 Sacklers_NN2 ultimately_AV0 did_VDD ._SENT 
Marietta_NP0 liked_VVD the_AT0 idea_NN1 of_PRF her_DPS children_NN2 living_VVG in_PRP the_AT0 city_NN1 ,_PUN where_CJS they_PNP might_VM0 encounter_VVI a_AT0 diversity_NN1 of_PRF experience_NN1 and_CJC stimulation_NN1 beyond_PRP the_AT0 narrow_AJ0 idyll_NN1 of_PRF their_DPS suburban_AJ0 life_NN1 on_PRP Long_AJ0 Island_NN1 ._SENT In_PRP the_AT0 city_NN1 ,_PUN she_PNP mused_VVD ,_PUN they_PNP might_VM0 cross_VVI paths_NN2 with_PRP "_PUQ a_AT0 poor_AJ0 man_NN1 ,_PUN a_AT0 blind_AJ0 person_NN1 ,_PUN a_AT0 beggar_NN1 ._SENT "_PUQ She_PNP treated_VVD the_AT0 whole_AJ0 experience_NN1 as_CJS if_CJS it_PNP were_VBD an_AT0 urban_AJ0 safari_NN1 ,_PUN rife_AJ0 with_PRP danger_NN1 ,_PUN but_CJC also_AV0 with_PRP wonder_NN1 and_CJC beauty_NN1 ._SENT When_CJS little_AV0 Arthur_NP0 was_VBD ready_AJ0 to_TO0 go_VVI off_AVP to_PRP his_DPS new_AJ0 school_NN1 in_PRP the_AT0 big_AJ0 city_NN1 ,_PUN she_PNP gave_VVD him_PNP a_AT0 compass_NN1 ,_PUN in_PRP case_NN1 he_PNP got_VVD lost_AJ0 ._SENT 
The_AT0 town_NN1 house_NN1 on_PRP Fifty-Seventh_CRD Street_NP0 was_VBD just_AV0 a_AT0 short_AJ0 walk_NN1 from_PRP the_AT0 building_NN1 at_PRP 15_CRD East_NP0 Sixty-Second_CRD Street_NP0 where_AVQ the_AT0 Sackler_NN1 brothers_NN2 had_VHD recently_AV0 set_VVN up_AVP shop_NN1 ._SENT The_AT0 warren_NN1 of_PRF offices_NN2 ,_PUN in_PRP a_AT0 narrow_AJ0 limestone_NN1 building_VVG just_AV0 a_AT0 few_DT0 steps_NN2 off_PRP Central_AJ0 Park_NN1 ,_PUN had_VHD become_VVN home_AV0 to_PRP the_AT0 brothers_NN2 '_POS psychiatric_AJ0 research_NN1 activities_NN2 ,_PUN to_PRP the_AT0 new_AJ0 foundations_NN2 that_CJT they_PNP established_VVD to_TO0 administer_VVI their_DPS charitable_AJ0 giving_NN1 ,_PUN to_PRP their_DPS publishing_NN1 interests_NN2 ,_PUN and_CJC to_PRP a_AT0 range_NN1 of_PRF other_AJ0 ,_PUN smaller_AJC concerns_NN2 ._SENT From_PRP here_AV0 ,_PUN the_AT0 brothers_NN2 could_VM0 shuttle_NN1 to_PRP the_AT0 McAdams_NP0 agency_NN1 on_PRP Fifty-Ninth_ORD Street_NP0 or_CJC down_AVP to_PRP their_DPS pharmaceutical_AJ0 company_NN1 ,_PUN Purdue_NP0 Frederick_NP0 ,_PUN in_PRP Greenwich_NP0 Village_NP0 ._SENT 
As_CJS the_AT0 youngest_AJS son_NN1 ,_PUN Raymond_NP0 Sackler_NP0 was_VBD spending_VVG a_AT0 lot_NN1 of_PRF time_NN1 tending_VVG to_PRP their_DPS mother_NN1 ,_PUN Sophie_NP0 ._SENT After_PRP several_DT0 years_NN2 of_PRF the_AT0 silent_AJ0 treatment_NN1 ,_PUN Sophie_NP0 had_VHD finally_AV0 started_VVN talking_VVG to_PRP Marietta_NP0 ,_PUN and_CJC eventually_AV0 the_AT0 two_CRD women_NN2 developed_VVD a_AT0 warm_AJ0 relationship_NN1 ._SENT But_CJC Arthur_NP0 had_VHD conflicted_VVN feelings_NN2 about_PRP his_DPS mother_NN1 and_CJC spent_VVD as_PRP little_DT0 time_NN1 as_CJS possible_AJ0 with_PRP her_PNP ._SENT He_PNP felt_VVD great_AJ0 respect_NN1 for_PRP her_PNP and_CJC gratitude_NN1 for_PRP all_DT0 that_CJT she_PNP had_VHD invested_VVN in_PRP him_PNP ._SENT But_CJC Sophie_NP0 was_VBD overbearing_AJ0 and_CJC always_AV0 had_VHD been_VBN ._SENT She_PNP made_VVD sure_AJ0 that_CJT her_DPS secular_AJ0 sons_NN2 celebrated_VVD Passover_NN1 and_CJC other_AJ0 high_AJ0 holidays_NN2 ,_PUN but_CJC otherwise_AV0 Arthur_NP0 kept_VVD his_DPS distance_NN1 ._SENT Eventually_AV0 ,_PUN Sophie_NP0 was_VBD diagnosed_VVN with_PRP lung_NN1 cancer_NN1 ._SENT Mortimer_NP0 kept_VVD her_PNP in_PRP his_DPS home_NN1 and_CJC arranged_VVD her_DPS medical_AJ0 care_NN1 ._SENT When_CJS the_AT0 younger_AJC Arthur_NP0 Sackler_NP0 turned_VVD thirteen_CRD ,_PUN the_AT0 family_NN1 decided_VVD to_TO0 throw_VVI him_PNP a_AT0 Bar_NN1 Mitzvah_NN1 ,_PUN on_PRP the_AT0 grounds_NN2 that_CJT it_PNP would_VM0 bring_VVI Sophie_NP0 comfort_VVI to_TO0 see_VVI the_AT0 firstborn_AJ0 son_NN1 of_PRF her_DPS firstborn_AJ0 son_NN1 initiated_VVN into_PRP the_AT0 faith_NN1 ._SENT There_EX0 was_VBD no_AT0 service_NN1 at_PRP the_AT0 synagogue_NN1 ,_PUN just_AV0 a_AT0 party_NN1 at_PRP the_AT0 Waldorf_NP0 Astoria_NN1 ,_PUN but_CJC the_AT0 whole_AJ0 family_NN1 came_VVD ._SENT The_AT0 older_AJC Arthur_NP0 wore_VVD a_AT0 bow_NN1 tie_NN1 ._SENT Sophie_NP0 beamed_VVD with_PRP pride_NN1 ,_PUN a_AT0 rope_NN1 of_PRF pearls_NN2 around_PRP her_DPS neck_NN1 ._SENT 
Purdue_NP0 Frederick_NP0 had_VHD enjoyed_VVN success_NN1 ,_PUN earlier_AV0 in_PRP the_AT0 century_NN1 ,_PUN with_PRP Gray_NP0 's_POS Glycerine_NN1 Tonic_NN1 ,_PUN a_AT0 sherry-based_AJ0 "_PUQ elixir_NN1 "_PUQ that_CJT ,_PUN the_AT0 company_NN1 suggested_VVD ,_PUN stimulated_VVD the_AT0 appetite_NN1 ,_PUN promoted_AJ0 nutrition_NN1 ,_PUN and_CJC should_VM0 be_VBI taken_VVN "_PUQ whenever_AVQ a_AT0 general_AJ0 tonic_NN1 is_VBZ needed_VVN or_CJC desired_VVN ._SENT "_PUQ 
