HIGHER_AJC EDUCATION_NN1 ,_PUN LOWER_AJC EXPECTATIONS_NN2 
"_PUQ The_AT0 double_AJ0 standard_NN1 of_PRF grades_NN2 and_CJC degrees_NN2 is_VBZ an_AT0 open_AJ0 secret_NN1 on_PRP many_DT0 campuses_NN2 ,_PUN and_CJC it_PNP is_VBZ only_AV0 a_AT0 matter_NN1 of_PRF time_NN1 before_CJS it_PNP is_VBZ an_AT0 open_AJ0 secret_NN1 among_PRP employers_NN2 as_CJS well_AV0 ._SENT "_PUQ 
THE_AT0 FIRST_ORD DECADE_NN1 OF_PRF SOWELL_NP0 'S_POS ACADEMIC_AJ0 CAREER_NN1 WAS_VBD THE_AT0 1960s_CRD ,_PUN and_CJC he_PNP spent_VVD it_PNP mostly_AV0 teaching_VVG ,_PUN completing_VVG work_NN1 on_PRP his_DPS PhD_NN1 ,_PUN and_CJC writing_VVG about_PRP economic_AJ0 theory_NN1 ._SENT But_CJC the_AT0 1960s_CRD were_VBD also_AV0 years_NN2 of_PRF tremendous_AJ0 social_AJ0 unrest_NN1 in_PRP America_NP0 ,_PUN marked_VVN by_PRP mass_AJ0 protests_NN2 against_PRP racism_NN1 ,_PUN sexism_NN1 ,_PUN and_CJC the_AT0 war_NN1 in_PRP Vietnam_NP0 as_CJS well_AV0 as_CJS by_PRP rapidly_AV0 evolving_AJ0 mores_NN2 ._SENT Much_DT0 of_PRF this_DT0 turmoil_NN1 played_VVD out_AVP on_PRP college_NN1 campuses_NN2 ,_PUN where_CJS Sowell_NP0 ,_PUN then_AV0 in_PRP his_DPS thirties_CRD ,_PUN was_VBD trying_VVG to_TO0 settle_VVI into_PRP the_AT0 life_NN1 of_PRF a_AT0 professor_NN1 ._SENT His_DPS preference_NN1 was_VBD classroom_NN1 teaching_NN1 ,_PUN as_CJS opposed_VVN to_PRP research_NN1 ,_PUN but_CJC his_DPS methods_NN2 and_CJC sensibilities_NN2 were_VBD on_PRP a_AT0 collision_NN1 course_NN1 with_PRP the_AT0 spirit_NN1 of_PRF the_AT0 times_NN2 ._SENT By_PRP the_AT0 late_AJ0 1960s_CRD he_PNP was_VBD already_AV0 having_VHG second_ORD thoughts_NN2 about_PRP a_AT0 career_NN1 in_PRP academia_NN1 ._SENT "_PUQ The_AT0 small_AJ0 college_NN1 has_VHZ always_AV0 had_VHN a_AT0 certain_AJ0 appeal_NN1 to_PRP me_PNP ,_PUN but_CJC the_AT0 big_AJ0 question_NN1 mark_NN1 has_VHZ always_AV0 been_VBN whether_CJS the_AT0 closer_AJC student-faculty_AJ0 relationship_NN1 which_DTQ is_VBZ possible_AJ0 there_EX0 is_VBZ utilized_VVN for_PRP intellectual_AJ0 purposes_NN2 "_PUQ or_CJC for_PRP "_PUQ artificially_AV0 extending_VVG the_AT0 students_NN2 '_POS adolescence_NN1 ,_PUN "_PUQ he_PNP wrote_VVD to_PRP a_AT0 friend_NN1 in_PRP 1968._CRD "_PUQ The_AT0 idea_NN1 of_PRF emphasizing_VVG teaching_NN1 appeals_NN2 to_PRP me_PNP ,_PUN but_CJC too_AV0 often_AV0 '_POS teaching_NN1 '_POS means_NN0 student_NN1 public_NN1 relations_NN2 ,_PUN and_CJC is_VBZ judged_VVN by_PRP how_AVQ happy_AJ0 you_PNP keep_VVB them_PNP rather_AV0 than_CJS how_AVQ much_DT0 they_PNP learn_VVB ._SENT "_PUQ 
These_DT0 reservations_NN2 developed_VVN during_PRP a_AT0 period_NN1 when_AVQ Sowell_NP0 had_VHD been_VBN thriving_AJ0 as_PRP a_AT0 scholar_NN1 ._SENT His_DPS first_ORD academic_AJ0 article_NN1 ,_PUN on_PRP Karl_NP0 Marx_NP0 's_POS prediction_NN1 of_PRF "_PUQ increasing_AJ0 misery_NN1 "_PUQ for_PRP workers_NN2 under_PRP capitalism_NN1 ,_PUN was_VBD published_VVN in_PRP 1960_CRD in_PRP the_AT0 American_AJ0 Economic_AJ0 Review_NN1 ,_PUN widely_AV0 considered_VVN the_AT0 top_AJ0 journal_NN1 in_PRP the_AT0 field_NN1 ._SENT His_DPS first_ORD book_NN1 ,_PUN an_AT0 introductory_AJ0 textbook_NN1 for_PRP undergraduate_NN1 college_NN1 students_NN2 titled_AJ0 Economics_NN1 :_PUN Analysis_NN1 and_CJC Issues_NN2 ,_PUN would_VM0 come_VVI in_PRP 1971._CRD In_PRP between_PRP ,_PUN he_PNP wrote_VVD about_PRP Thorstein_NP0 Veblen_NP0 ,_PUN Thomas_NP0 Malthus_NP0 ,_PUN David_NP0 Ricardo_NP0 ,_PUN and_CJC other_AJ0 influential_AJ0 economists_NN2 for_PRP scholarly_AJ0 journals_NN2 ,_PUN including_PRP Oxford_NP0 Economic_AJ0 Papers_NN2 ,_PUN Economica_NP0 ,_PUN and_CJC the_AT0 Canadian_AJ0 Journal_NN1 of_PRF Economics_NN1 and_CJC Political_AJ0 Science_NN1 ._SENT At_PRP the_AT0 time_NN1 ,_PUN there_EX0 was_VBD greater_AJC interest_NN1 in_PRP Sowell_NP0 's_POS specialty_NN1 ,_PUN the_AT0 history_NN1 of_PRF economic_AJ0 thought_NN1 ,_PUN in_PRP England_NP0 and_CJC Canada_NP0 than_CJS in_PRP the_AT0 United_NP0 States_NP0 ,_PUN so_AV0 most_DT0 of_PRF his_DPS professional_AJ0 writing_NN1 during_PRP this_DT0 period_NN1 was_VBD published_VVN in_PRP foreign_AJ0 journals_NN2 ._SENT "_PUQ Though_CJS I_PNP did_VDD not_XX0 realize_VVI it_PNP at_PRP the_AT0 time_NN1 ,_PUN this_DT0 was_VBD a_AT0 long-term_AJ0 blessing_NN1 ,_PUN "_PUQ he_PNP wrote_VVD many_DT0 years_NN2 later_AV0 ._SENT "_PUQ The_AT0 economists_NN2 who_PNQ ran_VVD these_DT0 journals_NN2 in_PRP other_AJ0 countries_NN2 had_VHD no_AT0 way_NN1 of_PRF knowing_VVG what_DTQ color_NN1 I_PNP was_VBD ,_PUN so_CJS I_PNP was_VBD spared_VVN the_AT0 doubts_NN2 that_CJT became_VVD increasingly_AV0 common_AJ0 over_PRP the_AT0 years_NN2 among_PRP black_AJ0 academics_NN2 ,_PUN as_CJS to_PRP whether_CJS their_DPS achievements_NN2 were_VBD really_AV0 their_DPS own_DT0 or_CJC were_VBD due_AJ0 to_PRP tokenism_NN1 or_CJC double_AJ0 standards_NN2 applied_VVN by_PRP whites_NN2 ._SENT "_PUQ 
Although_CJS he_PNP is_VBZ best_AV0 known_VVN today_AV0 for_PRP his_DPS views_NN2 on_PRP culture_NN1 and_CJC ethnicity_NN1 ,_PUN Sowell_NP0 did_VDD n't_XX0 set_VVI out_AVP in_PRP that_DT0 direction_NN1 and_CJC would_VM0 write_VVI extensively_AV0 on_PRP many_DT0 nonracial_AJ0 issues_NN2 over_PRP the_AT0 decades_NN2 ._SENT He_PNP would_VM0 publish_VVI books_NN2 on_PRP such_DT0 diverse_AJ0 topics_NN2 as_PRP late-talking_AJ0 children_NN2 ,_PUN choosing_VVG a_AT0 college_NN1 ,_PUN and_CJC the_AT0 housing_NN1 boom_NN1 that_CJT led_VVD to_PRP the_AT0 2008_CRD subprime_AJ0 mortgage_NN1 crisis_NN1 ._SENT Without_PRP counting_VVG the_AT0 ten_CRD bound_AJ0 collections_NN2 of_PRF his_DPS writings_NN2 and_CJC updated_AJ0 editions_NN2 of_PRF earlier_AJC works_NN0 ,_PUN he_PNP produced_VVD thirty-six_CRD books_NN2 between_PRP 1971_CRD and_CJC 2018._CRD The_AT0 first_ORD one_PNI did_VDD n't_XX0 appear_VVI until_CJS he_PNP was_VBD already_AV0 forty_CRD years_NN2 old_AJ0 ,_PUN most_DT0 are_VBB still_AV0 in_PRP print_NN1 ,_PUN and_CJC nearly_AV0 two-thirds_CRD of_PRF them_PNP center_VVB on_PRP topics_NN2 other_AJ0 than_CJS race_NN1 ._SENT His_DPS best-selling_AJ0 title_NN1 is_VBZ Basic_AJ0 Economics_NN1 :_PUN A_AT0 Common_AJ0 Sense_NN1 Guide_NN1 to_PRP the_AT0 Economy_NN1 ,_PUN which_DTQ has_VHZ been_VBN translated_VVN into_PRP six_CRD other_AJ0 languages_NN2 ,_PUN and_CJC he_PNP 's_VBZ proudest_AJS of_PRF his_DPS books_NN2 on_PRP social_AJ0 theory_NN1 and_CJC the_AT0 history_NN1 of_PRF ideas_NN2 ._SENT 
When_CJS Sowell_NP0 did_VDD eventually_AV0 start_VVI weighing_VVG in_PRP publicly_AV0 on_PRP racial_AJ0 controversies_NN2 ,_PUN it_PNP was_VBD out_AVP of_PRF frustration_NN1 at_PRP the_AT0 general_AJ0 direction_NN1 of_PRF the_AT0 public_AJ0 discussion_NN1 ,_PUN not_XX0 because_CJS he_PNP craved_VVD notoriety_NN1 ._SENT Nor_CJC was_VBD he_PNP compelled_VVN to_TO0 do_VDI so_AV0 because_CJS he_PNP could_VM0 n't_XX0 make_VVI a_AT0 living_NN1 by_PRP working_VVG on_PRP other_AJ0 matters_NN2 ;_PUN he_PNP 'd_VHD done_VDN precisely_AV0 that_DT0 in_PRP the_AT0 1960s_CRD ._SENT Rather_AV0 ,_PUN he_PNP saw_VVD his_DPS commentary_NN1 on_PRP these_DT0 issues_NN2 as_PRP an_AT0 act_NN1 of_PRF public_AJ0 service_NN1 ,_PUN or_CJC even_AV0 a_AT0 duty_NN1 ._SENT "_PUQ One_CRD of_PRF the_AT0 melancholy_AJ0 features_NN2 of_PRF being_VBG over_PRP forty_CRD is_VBZ that_CJT many_DT0 things_NN2 which_DTQ seem_VVB new_AJ0 ,_PUN unprecedented_AJ0 ,_PUN and_CJC exciting_AJ0 to_PRP the_AT0 young_AJ0 begin_VVB to_TO0 look_VVI like_PRP tired_AJ0 reruns_NN2 of_PRF an_AT0 old_AJ0 movie_NN1 on_PRP the_AT0 late_AJ0 ,_PUN late_AJ0 show_NN1 ,_PUN "_PUQ he_PNP wrote_VVD in_PRP Black_AJ0 Education_NN1 :_PUN Myths_NN2 and_CJC Tragedies_NN2 ,_PUN a_AT0 book_NN1 that_CJT reflects_VVZ on_PRP his_DPS teaching_NN1 career_NN1 ._SENT "_PUQ As_CJS one_PNI who_PNQ specializes_VVZ in_PRP the_AT0 history_NN1 of_PRF economic_AJ0 and_CJC social_AJ0 thought_NN1 ,_PUN I_PNP may_VM0 be_VBI more_AV0 prone_AJ0 to_PRP this_DT0 reaction_NN1 than_CJS some_DT0 others_NN2 ._SENT It_PNP is_VBZ depressing_AJ0 to_TO0 hear_VVI ideas_NN2 trumpeted_VVN as_PRP New_NP0 !_SENT when_CJS the_AT0 underlying_AJ0 reasoning_NN1 involved_VVN was_VBD common_AJ0 in_PRP the_AT0 1840s_CRD or_CJC the_AT0 1790s¡ªand_NN1 discredited_VVN by_PRP the_AT0 1920s_CRD ._SENT "_PUQ And_CJC he_PNP was_VBD especially_AV0 suspect_AJ0 of_PRF activists_NN2 pushing_VVG agendas_NN2 that_CJT did_VDD n't_XX0 necessarily_AV0 comport_VVI with_PRP the_AT0 needs_NN2 or_CJC desires_NN2 of_PRF the_AT0 people_NN0 they_PNP claimed_VVD to_TO0 represent_VVI ,_PUN writing_VVG ,_PUN for_PRP example_NN1 ,_PUN "_PUQ The_AT0 black_AJ0 community_NN1 has_VHZ long_AV0 been_VBN plagued_VVN by_PRP spellbinding_AJ0 orators_NN2 who_PNQ know_VVB how_AVQ to_TO0 turn_VVI the_AT0 hopes_NN2 and_CJC fears_NN2 of_PRF others_NN2 into_PRP dollars_NN2 and_CJC cents_NN2 for_PRP themselves_PNX ._SENT "_PUQ Here_AV0 ,_PUN Sowell_NP0 was_VBD speaking_VVG not_XX0 only_AV0 as_CJS a_AT0 scholar_NN1 but_CJC also_AV0 from_PRP personal_AJ0 experience_NN1 ._SENT "_PUQ The_AT0 current_AJ0 militant_AJ0 rhetoric_NN1 ,_PUN self-righteousness_NN1 and_CJC lifestyle_NN1 are_VBB painfully_AV0 old_AJ0 to_PRP me_PNP ,_PUN "_PUQ he_PNP continued_VVD ._SENT "_PUQ I_PNP have_VHB seen_VVN the_AT0 same_DT0 intonations_NN2 ,_PUN the_AT0 same_DT0 cadence_NN1 ,_PUN the_AT0 same_DT0 crowd_NN1 manipulation_NN1 techniques_NN2 ,_PUN the_AT0 same_DT0 visions_NN2 of_PRF mystical_AJ0 redemption_NN1 ,_PUN the_AT0 same_DT0 faith_NN1 that_CJT certain_AJ0 costumes_NN2 ,_PUN gestures_NN2 ,_PUN phrases_NN2 and_CJC group_NN1 emotional_AJ0 release_NN1 would_VM0 somehow_AV0 lead_VVI to_PRP the_AT0 Promised_AJ0 Land_NN1 ._SENT And_CJC I_PNP have_VHB seen_VVN the_AT0 same_DT0 hustling_AJ0 messiahs_NN2 driving_VVG their_DPS Cadillacs_NN2 and_CJC getting_VVG their_DPS pictures_NN2 in_PRP the_AT0 paper_NN1 ._SENT "_PUQ 
SOWELL_NP0 HAD_VHD BEEN_VBN CURIOUS_AJ0 FROM_PRP A_AT0 YOUNG_AJ0 AGE_NN1 ABOUT_PRP THE_AT0 causes_NN2 of_PRF inequality_NN1 ._SENT It_PNP 's_VBZ what_DTQ motivated_VVD him_PNP to_TO0 study_VVI economics_NN1 and_CJC history_NN1 in_PRP the_AT0 first_ORD place_NN1 ._SENT Initially_AV0 ,_PUN this_DT0 pursuit_NN1 was_VBD for_PRP his_DPS own_DT0 personal_AJ0 benefit_NN1 ,_PUN an_AT0 attempt_NN1 to_TO0 comprehend_VVI the_AT0 world_NN1 around_PRP him_PNP ._SENT From_PRP there_AV0 ,_PUN he_PNP set_VVD about_PRP sharing_VVG what_DTQ he_PNP 'd_VHD learned_VVN ._SENT The_AT0 goal_NN1 was_VBD not_XX0 to_TO0 berate_VVI or_CJC belittle_VVI others_NN2 but_CJC to_TO0 leave_VVI people_NN0 better_AV0 informed¡ª_VVB particularly_AV0 those_DT0 in_PRP a_AT0 position_NN1 to_TO0 make_VVI important_AJ0 decisions_NN2 for_PRP themselves_PNX or_CJC for_PRP society_NN1 ._SENT As_CJS he_PNP once_AV0 put_VVB it_PNP ,_PUN "_PUQ Most_DT0 of_PRF my_DPS writings_NN2 on_PRP public_AJ0 policy_NN1 issues_NN2 in_PRP general_AJ0 ,_PUN and_CJC on_PRP racial_AJ0 issues_NN2 in_PRP particular_AJ0 ,_PUN were_VBD directed_VVN toward_PRP the_AT0 public_NN1 or_CJC toward_PRP policy-makers_NN2 and_CJC tried_VVD to_TO0 show_VVI where_AVQ one_CRD policy_NN1 would_VM0 be_VBI better_AJC than_CJS another_DT0 ._SENT "_PUQ 
What_DTQ distinguished_VVD Sowell_NP0 to_PRP some_DT0 extent_NN1 was_VBD not_XX0 so_AV0 much_AV0 what_DTQ he_PNP believed_VVD but_CJC what_DTQ he_PNP had_VHD the_AT0 gumption_NN1 to_TO0 express_VVI publicly_AV0 ._SENT Even_AV0 other_AJ0 scholars_NN2 who_PNQ sympathized_VVD with_PRP his_DPS point_NN1 of_PRF view_NN1 about_PRP the_AT0 so-called_AJ0 "_PUQ Negro_NN1 problem_NN1 "_PUQ were_VBD reluctant_AJ0 to_TO0 say_VVI so_AV0 for_PRP fear_NN1 of_PRF being_VBG personally_AV0 vilified_VVN and_CJC having_VHG it_PNP damage_VVB their_DPS careers_NN2 ._SENT After_PRP Daniel_NP0 Patrick_NP0 Moynihan_NP0 ,_PUN then_AV0 President_NP0 Lyndon_NP0 B_ZZ0 ._SENT Johnson_NP0 's_POS assistant_AJ0 secretary_NN1 of_PRF labor_NN1 ,_PUN noted_VVD ,_PUN in_PRP a_AT0 1965_CRD government_NN1 study_NN1 of_PRF the_AT0 black_AJ0 family_NN1 ,_PUN that_CJT the_AT0 growing_AJ0 number_NN1 of_PRF black_AJ0 children_NN2 born_VVN to_PRP single_AJ0 mothers_NN2 was_VBD bound_VVN to_TO0 hinder_VVI the_AT0 future_AJ0 social_AJ0 and_CJC economic_AJ0 progress_NN1 of_PRF blacks_NN2 ,_PUN civil_AJ0 rights_NN2 leaders_NN2 ,_PUN politicians_NN2 ,_PUN commentators_NN2 ,_PUN and_CJC other_AJ0 critics_NN2 denounced_VVD Moynihan_NP0 as_PRP a_AT0 bigot_NN1 who_PNQ was_VBD "_PUQ blaming_VVG the_AT0 victim_NN1 ._SENT "_PUQ And_CJC when_CJS two_CRD well-regarded_AJ0 social_AJ0 scientists_NN2 ,_PUN Christopher_NP0 Jencks_NP0 and_CJC David_NP0 Riesman_NP0 ,_PUN published_VVD a_AT0 frank_AJ0 and_CJC comprehensive_AJ0 critique_NN1 of_PRF black_AJ0 colleges_NN2 in_PRP a_AT0 1967_CRD issue_NN1 of_PRF the_AT0 Harvard_NP0 Educational_AJ0 Review_NN1 ,_PUN they_PNP received_VVD similar_AJ0 treatment_NN1 ._SENT 
But_CJC popularity_NN1 was_VBD n't_XX0 a_AT0 paramount_AJ0 concern_NN1 of_PRF Sowell_NP0 's_POS ,_PUN who_PNQ knew_VVD he_PNP had_VHD a_AT0 thick_AJ0 skin_NN1 when_CJS it_PNP came_VVD to_PRP criticism_NN1 and_CJC was_VBD n't_XX0 easily_AV0 intimidated_VVN ._SENT He_PNP felt_VVD a_AT0 personal_AJ0 obligation_NN1 to_TO0 weigh_VVI in_AVP with_PRP an_AT0 alternative_AJ0 perspective_NN1 on_PRP racial_AJ0 topics_NN2 ._SENT He_PNP believed_VVD that_CJT the_AT0 basic_AJ0 assumptions_NN2 behind_PRP many_DT0 of_PRF the_AT0 policies_NN2 aimed_VVN at_PRP minorities_NN2 needed_VVN to_TO0 be_VBI better_AV0 scrutinized_VVN and_CJC felt_VVD that_CJT too_AV0 few_DT0 public_AJ0 intellectuals_NN2 were_VBD interested_AJ0 in_PRP speaking_VVG out_AVP ._SENT "_PUQ I_PNP had_VHD been_VBN subject_AJ0 to_PRP criticism_NN1 for_PRP all_DT0 kinds_NN2 of_PRF other_AJ0 things_NN2 long_AV0 before_CJS I_PNP got_VVD into_PRP racial_AJ0 issues_NN2 ,_PUN "_PUQ he_PNP explained_VVD ._SENT "_PUQ I_PNP can_VM0 remember_VVI one_CRD of_PRF my_DPS roommates_NN2 in_PRP college_NN1 saying_VVG that_CJT something_PNI I_PNP did_VDD at_PRP Harvard_NP0 really_AV0 had_VHD rubbed_VVN people_NN0 the_AT0 wrong_AJ0 way_NN1 ._SENT I_PNP said_VVD ,_PUN '_PUQ You_PNP ca_VM0 n't_XX0 please_VVI all_DT0 the_AT0 people_NN0 ,_PUN all_DT0 the_AT0 time_NN1 ._SENT '_PUQ And_CJC he_PNP said_VVD ,_PUN '_PUQ You_PNP 're_VBB not_XX0 pleasing_VVG any_DT0 of_PRF the_AT0 people_NN0 ,_PUN any_DT0 of_PRF the_AT0 time_NN1 ._SENT '_PUQ "_PUQ Sowell_NP0 also_AV0 felt_VVD he_PNP was_VBD acting_VVG in_PRP the_AT0 tradition_NN1 of_PRF black_AJ0 intellectual_AJ0 forebears_NN2 who_PNQ followed_VVD the_AT0 facts_NN2 even_AV0 when_CJS they_PNP led_VVD to_PRP unpopular_AJ0 conclusions_NN2 ._SENT "_PUQ E_NP0 ._SENT Franklin_NP0 Frazier_NP0 caught_VVD this_DT0 [_PUL flak_NN1 ]_PUR too_AV0 ,_PUN "_PUQ he_PNP said_VVD ,_PUN in_PRP reference_NN1 to_PRP a_AT0 distinguished_AJ0 black_AJ0 sociologist_NN1 who_PNQ had_VHD taught_VVN at_PRP Howard_NP0 University_NN1 in_PRP the_AT0 1950s_CRD ._SENT Frazier_NP0 had_VHD painted_VVN a_AT0 devastating_AJ0 picture_NN1 of_PRF black_AJ0 elites_NN2 in_PRP his_DPS 1957_CRD book_NN1 ,_PUN Black_NP0 Bourgeoisie_NP0 ._SENT "_PUQ He_PNP was_VBD an_AT0 empiricist_NN1 ._SENT He_PNP was_VBD from_PRP the_AT0 Chicago_NP0 school_NN1 of_PRF sociology_NN1 ,_PUN "_PUQ said_VVD Sowell_NP0 ._SENT "_PUQ He_PNP did_VDD not_XX0 pull_VVI any_DT0 punches_NN2 ._SENT I_PNP 'm_VBB told_VVN that_CJT there_EX0 were_VBD places_NN2 at_PRP Howard_NP0 University_NN1 where_AVQ there_EX0 would_VM0 be_VBI a_AT0 committee_NN1 meeting_NN1 ,_PUN and_CJC when_CJS Frazier_NP0 walked_VVD into_PRP a_AT0 room_NN1 ,_PUN people_NN0 would_VM0 get_VVI up_AVP and_CJC walk_VVB out_AVP ._SENT "_PUQ 
Black_NP0 Bourgeoisie_NP0 first_ORD appeared_VVD in_PRP France_NP0 in_PRP 1955_CRD ,_PUN and_CJC in_PRP the_AT0 preface_NN1 to_PRP the_AT0 US_NP0 edition_NN1 ,_PUN released_VVN two_CRD years_NN2 later_AV0 ,_PUN Frazier_NP0 responded_VVD to_PRP the_AT0 negative_AJ0 reaction_NN1 among_PRP some_DT0 American_AJ0 blacks_NN2 ._SENT "_PUQ They_PNP did_VDD not_XX0 challenge_VVI the_AT0 truth_NN1 of_PRF the_AT0 picture_NN1 that_CJT had_VHD been_VBN presented_VVN so_AV0 much_AV0 as_CJS they_PNP were_VBD shocked_AJ0 that_CJT a_AT0 Negro_NN1 would_VM0 dare_VVI place_NN1 on_PRP display_NN1 their_DPS behavior_NN1 and_CJC innermost_AJ0 thoughts_NN2 ,_PUN "_PUQ he_PNP wrote_VVD ._SENT "_PUQ Following_VVG the_AT0 initial_AJ0 shock_NN1 of_PRF self-revelation_NN1 was_VBD intense_AJ0 anger_NN1 on_PRP the_AT0 part_NN1 of_PRF many_DT0 leaders_NN2 in_PRP the_AT0 Negro_NN1 community_NN1 ._SENT This_DT0 anger_NN1 was_VBD based_VVN largely_AV0 upon_PRP their_DPS feeling_NN1 that_CJT I_PNP had_VHD betrayed_VVN Negroes_NN2 by_PRP revealing_VVG their_DPS life_NN1 to_PRP the_AT0 white_AJ0 world_NN1 ._SENT I_PNP was_VBD attacked_VVN by_PRP some_DT0 Negroes_NN2 as_CJS being_VBG bitter¡­_AJ0 and_CJC by_PRP others_NN2 as_CJS having_VHG been_VBN paid_VVN to_TO0 defame_VVI the_AT0 Negro_NN1 ._SENT "_PUQ 
Of_PRF course_NN1 ,_PUN the_AT0 very_AV0 same_DT0 criticisms_NN2 would_VM0 be_VBI directed_VVN at_PRP Sowell_NP0 throughout_PRP his_DPS career_NN1 as_PRP a_AT0 public_AJ0 intellectual_NN1 ._SENT He_PNP was_VBD well_AV0 aware_AJ0 that_CJT such_DT0 attacks_NN2 were_VBD nothing_PNI new_AJ0 ,_PUN and_CJC ,_PUN like_PRP Frazier_NP0 ,_PUN he_PNP believed_VVD they_PNP were_VBD worth_PRP enduring¡ªthat_NP0 any_DT0 scholar_NN1 with_PRP any_DT0 integrity_NN1 had_VHD no_AT0 other_AJ0 choice_NN1 ._SENT Black_AJ0 intellectuals_NN2 preoccupied_VVN with_PRP "_PUQ protecting_VVG the_AT0 image_NN1 of_PRF blacks_NN2 in_PRP the_AT0 eyes_NN2 of_PRF whites_NN2 "_PUQ were_VBD missing_VVG the_AT0 boat_NN1 ,_PUN as_CJS Sowell_NP0 saw_VVD things_NN2 ._SENT Better_AV0 to_TO0 focus_VVI on_PRP "_PUQ knowing_VVG what_DTQ the_AT0 facts_NN2 were_VBD ,_PUN as_CJS a_AT0 basis_NN1 for_PRP whatever_DTQ was_VBD to_TO0 be_VBI done_VDN to_TO0 make_VVI things_NN2 better_AJC ._SENT "_PUQ 
Time_NN1 and_CJC again_AV0 throughout_PRP his_DPS career_NN1 ,_PUN Sowell_NP0 was_VBD willing_AJ0 to_TO0 take_VVI personal_AJ0 and_CJC professional_AJ0 risks_NN2 to_TO0 adhere_VVI to_PRP his_DPS principles_NN2 ._SENT He_PNP took_VVD it_PNP upon_PRP himself_PNX to_TO0 challenge_VVI orthodoxies_NN2 ,_PUN reject_VVB circumspection_NN1 ,_PUN and_CJC say_VVB straightforwardly_AV0 what_DTQ others_NN2 would_VM0 not_XX0 ._SENT "_PUQ It_PNP has_VHZ not_XX0 been_VBN a_AT0 pleasure_NN1 to_TO0 write_VVI this_DT0 book_NN1 but_CJC a_AT0 necessity_NN1 ,_PUN "_PUQ he_PNP said_VVD in_PRP the_AT0 introduction_NN1 to_PRP Civil_AJ0 Rights_NN2 :_PUN Rhetoric_NN1 or_CJC Reality_NN1 ?_SENT ,_PUN his_DPS 1984_CRD book_NN1 about_PRP the_AT0 civil_AJ0 rights_NN2 movement_NN1 ._SENT And_CJC in_PRP the_AT0 preface_NN1 to_PRP Black_AJ0 Rednecks_NN2 and_CJC White_AJ0 Liberals_NN2 ,_PUN a_AT0 2005_CRD tome_NN1 on_PRP the_AT0 historical_AJ0 development_NN1 of_PRF ghetto_NN1 culture_NN1 ,_PUN he_PNP wrote_VVD ,_PUN "_PUQ Many_DT0 of_PRF the_AT0 facts_NN2 cited_VVN here_AV0 may_VM0 be_VBI surprising_AJ0 or_CJC even_AV0 startling_AJ0 to_PRP some_DT0 readers_NN2 ,_PUN but_CJC they_PNP are_VBB not_XX0 literally_AV0 unknown_AJ0 to_PRP scholars_NN2 ;_PUN they_PNP have_VHB simply_AV0 not_XX0 been_VBN widely_AV0 discussed_VVN in_PRP the_AT0 media_NN0 or_CJC even_AV0 in_PRP academia_NN1 ._SENT "_PUQ His_DPS job_NN1 was_VBD to_TO0 pursue_VVI the_AT0 truth_NN1 ,_PUN and_CJC sugarcoating_VVG it_PNP ,_PUN he_PNP thought_VVD ,_PUN was_VBD no_AT0 way_NN1 to_TO0 help_VVI black_AJ0 people_NN0 advance_NN1 ._SENT "_PUQ Unfortunately_AV0 ,_PUN there_EX0 are_VBB very_AV0 few_DT0 people_NN0 who_PNQ take_VVB positions_NN2 similar_AJ0 to_PRP mine_PNP ,_PUN "_PUQ he_PNP told_VVD C-SPAN_NP0 interviewer_NN1 Brian_NP0 Lamb_NP0 in_PRP 1990._CRD "_PUQ And_CJC if_CJS that_DT0 viewpoint_NN1 is_VBZ to_TO0 be_VBI heard_VVN at_PRP all_DT0 ,_PUN I_PNP 'm_VBB going_VVG to_TO0 have_VHI to_TO0 be_VBI the_AT0 one_PNI that_CJT does_VDZ a_AT0 lot_NN1 of_PRF [_PUL the_AT0 talking_NN1 ]_PUR ._SENT "_PUQ 
Sowell_NP0 has_VHZ stressed_VVN that_CJT he_PNP began_VVD writing_VVG about_PRP racial_AJ0 controversies_NN2 primarily_AV0 "_PUQ because_CJS there_EX0 is_VBZ something_PNI that_CJT needs_VVZ to_TO0 be_VBI said¡ªand_AJ0 because_CJS other_AJ0 people_NN0 have_VHB better_AJC sense_NN1 than_CJS to_TO0 say_VVI it_PNP ._SENT "_PUQ He_PNP stayed_VVD the_AT0 course_NN1 even_AV0 though_CJS colleagues_NN2 suggested_VVD to_PRP him_PNP that_DT0 ,_PUN as_CJS he_PNP put_VVB it_PNP ,_PUN "_PUQ I_PNP would_VM0 be_VBI better_AV0 off_AVP to_TO0 stop_VVI writing_NN1 about_PRP race_NN1 and_CJC to_TO0 return_VVI to_PRP the_AT0 things_NN2 in_PRP which_DTQ I_PNP did_VDD my_DPS best_AJS professional_AJ0 work¡ªbooks_NN2 on_PRP economics_NN1 like_PRP Knowledge_NN1 and_CJC Decisions_NN2 or_CJC books_NN2 on_PRP ideas_NN2 like_PRP A_AT0 Conflict_NN1 of_PRF Visions_NN2 and_CJC The_AT0 Quest_NN1 for_PRP Cosmic_AJ0 Justice_NN1 ._SENT "_PUQ His_DPS decision_NN1 to_TO0 ignore_VVI that_DT0 advice_NN1 and_CJC continue_VVB questioning_VVG conventional_AJ0 explanations_NN2 for_PRP racial_AJ0 inequality_NN1 is_VBZ one_CRD of_PRF his_DPS most_DT0 important_AJ0 legacies_NN2 ,_PUN and_CJC his_DPS extensive_AJ0 writings_NN2 on_PRP race_NN1 and_CJC culture_NN1 will_VM0 be_VBI discussed_VVN in_PRP greater_AJC detail_NN1 in_PRP the_AT0 chapters_NN2 that_CJT follow_VVB ._SENT What_DTQ 's_VBZ important_AJ0 to_TO0 note_VVI here_AV0 is_VBZ the_AT0 extent_NN1 to_PRP which_DTQ the_AT0 racial_AJ0 controversies_NN2 of_PRF the_AT0 1960s_CRD and_CJC 1970s_CRD ,_PUN in_PRP academia_NN1 in_PRP particular_AJ0 ,_PUN served_VVD to_TO0 thwart_VVI Sowell_NP0 's_POS teaching_NN1 ambitions_NN2 while_CJS also_AV0 influencing_VVG key_AJ0 aspects_NN2 of_PRF his_DPS scholarship_NN1 for_PRP the_AT0 rest_NN1 of_PRF his_DPS career_NN1 ._SENT 
