His_DPS wide-ranging_AJ0 research_NN1 helped_VVN transform_VVI his_DPS field_NN1 ,_PUN a_AT0 colleague_NN1 said_VVD ,_PUN by_PRP "_PUQ insisting_VVG on_PRP using_VVG data_NN0 to_TO0 drive_VVI thinking_VVG about_PRP diagnosis_NN1 and_CJC treatment_NN1 ._SENT "_PUQ 
Dr._NP0 Michael_NP0 Rutter_NP0 ,_PUN a_AT0 child_NN1 psychiatrist_NN1 whose_DTQ many_DT0 transformative_AJ0 studies_NN2 included_VVD one_PNI that_CJT demonstrated_VVD the_AT0 genetics_NN1 of_PRF autism_NN1 and_CJC another_DT0 that_CJT assessed_VVD how_AVQ poor_AJ0 treatment_NN1 suffered_VVN by_PRP Romanian_AJ0 children_NN2 in_PRP orphanages_NN2 affected_VVN them_PNP after_CJS they_PNP were_VBD adopted_VVN by_PRP English_AJ0 families_NN2 ,_PUN died_VVN on_PRP Oct._NP0 23_CRD at_PRP his_DPS home_NN1 in_PRP Dulwich_NP0 ,_PUN a_AT0 suburb_NN1 of_PRF London_NP0 ._SENT He_PNP was_VBD 88._CRD 
The_AT0 cause_NN1 was_VBD cancer_NN1 ,_PUN said_VVD Sandra_NP0 Woodhouse_NP0 ,_PUN his_DPS personal_AJ0 assistant_NN1 at_PRP King_NP0 's_POS College_NN1 London_NP0 ._SENT In_PRP more_DT0 than_CJS a_AT0 half-century_NN1 at_PRP what_DTQ is_VBZ now_AV0 the_AT0 Institute_NN1 of_PRF Psychiatry_NN1 ,_PUN Psychology_NN1 and_CJC Neuroscience_NN1 at_PRP King_NP0 's_POS College_NN1 ,_PUN Dr._NP0 Rutter_NP0 was_VBD known_VVN for_PRP his_DPS clinical_AJ0 expertise_NN1 in_PRP treating_VVG children_NN2 with_PRP mental_AJ0 health_NN1 problems_NN2 ,_PUN and_CJC for_PRP his_DPS ambitious_AJ0 research_NN1 ._SENT In_PRP 1973_CRD ,_PUN he_PNP was_VBD awarded_VVN Britain_NP0 's_POS first_ORD professorship_NN1 in_PRP child_NN1 psychiatry_NN1 ._SENT "_PUQ He_PNP really_AV0 created_VVD modern_AJ0 child_NN1 psychiatry_NN1 by_PRP insisting_VVG on_PRP using_VVG data_NN0 to_TO0 drive_VVI thinking_VVG about_PRP diagnosis_NN1 and_CJC treatment_NN1 ,_PUN "_PUQ Bennett_NP0 Leventhal_NP0 ,_PUN a_AT0 professor_NN1 of_PRF psychiatry_NN1 at_PRP the_AT0 University_NN1 of_PRF California_NP0 ,_PUN San_NP0 Francisco_NP0 ,_PUN said_VVD in_PRP a_AT0 phone_NN1 interview_NN1 ._SENT "_PUQ If_CJS you_PNP go_VVB back_AVP to_PRP the_AT0 1950s_CRD ,_PUN '_PUQ 60s_CRD and_CJC '_PUQ 70s_CRD ,_PUN the_AT0 focus_NN1 of_PRF psychiatry_NN1 came_VVD out_AVP of_PRF psychoanalysis_NN1 ,_PUN which_DTQ was_VBD built_VVN largely_AV0 on_PRP case_NN1 vignettes_NN2 ._SENT That_DT0 's_VBZ not_XX0 bad_AJ0 —_PUN it_PNP 's_VBZ what_DTQ we_PNP had_VHD —_PUN but_CJC Rutter_NP0 said_VVD we_PNP can_VM0 do_VDI better_AV0 ._SENT "_PUQ Dr._NP0 Rutter_NP0 and_CJC his_DPS research_NN1 team_NN1 conducted_VVD what_DTQ Dr._NP0 Leventhal_NP0 said_VVD were_VBD the_AT0 first_ORD epidemiological_AJ0 studies_NN2 in_PRP child_NN1 and_CJC adolescent_AJ0 psychiatry_NN1 ._SENT They_PNP established_VVD ,_PUN in_PRP the_AT0 1960s_CRD and_CJC '_PUQ 70s_CRD ,_PUN that_DT0 psychiatric_AJ0 problems_NN2 were_VBD fairly_AV0 common_AJ0 among_PRP children_NN2 on_PRP the_AT0 rural_AJ0 Isle_NN1 of_PRF Wight_NP0 and_CJC an_AT0 inner_AJ0 borough_NN1 of_PRF London_NP0 ,_PUN and_CJC that_CJT the_AT0 children_NN2 's_POS feelings_NN2 of_PRF misery_NN1 and_CJC depression_NN1 affected_VVN how_AVQ well_AV0 or_CJC poorly_AV0 they_PNP did_VDD in_PRP school_NN1 ._SENT Dr._NP0 Rutter_NP0 discovered_VVD that_CJT emotional_AJ0 ,_PUN behavioral_AJ0 and_CJC reading_NN1 problems_NN2 were_VBD twice_AV0 as_AV0 common_AJ0 among_PRP the_AT0 children_NN2 in_PRP London_NP0 as_CJS they_PNP were_VBD on_PRP the_AT0 Isle_NN1 of_PRF Wight_NP0 ,_PUN but_CJC that_DT0 children_NN2 in_PRP both_DT0 areas_NN2 were_VBD affected_VVN by_PRP family_NN1 discord_NN1 ,_PUN their_DPS parents_NN2 '_POS psychiatric_AJ0 problems_NN2 and_CJC criminality_NN1 ,_PUN and_CJC overcrowding_VVG in_PRP their_DPS homes_NN2 ._SENT The_AT0 studies_NN2 "_PUQ played_VVD a_AT0 major_AJ0 role_NN1 in_PRP understanding_VVG how_AVQ biological_AJ0 brain_NN1 pathology_NN1 influenced_VVN development_NN1 ,_PUN "_PUQ Dr._NP0 Rutter_NP0 told_VVD The_AT0 Annual_AJ0 Review_NN1 of_PRF Developmental_AJ0 Psychology_NN1 this_DT0 year_NN1 ._SENT "_PUQ It_PNP 's_VBZ not_XX0 that_CJT it_PNP had_VHD not_XX0 been_VBN thought_VVN of_PRF before_AV0 ,_PUN but_CJC it_PNP was_VBD the_AT0 first_ORD time_NN1 it_PNP had_VHD been_VBN systematically_AV0 studied_VVN ._SENT "_PUQ Dr._NP0 Rutter_NP0 challenged_VVD the_AT0 belief_NN1 that_CJT autism_NN1 was_VBD caused_VVN by_PRP the_AT0 impact_NN1 of_PRF emotionally_AV0 distant_AJ0 parents_NN2 —_PUN so-called_AJ0 refrigerator_NN1 mothers_NN2 more_AV0 specifically_AV0 —_PUN and_CJC the_AT0 idea_NN1 that_CJT it_PNP was_VBD a_AT0 form_NN1 of_PRF schizophrenia_NN1 ._SENT In_PRP a_AT0 1977_CRD study_NN1 ,_PUN he_PNP and_CJC Susan_NP0 Folstein_NP0 examined_VVD why_AVQ measles_NN0 ,_PUN mumps_NN2 and_CJC rubella_NN1 vaccine_NN1 ,_PUN Dr._NP0 Rutter_NP0 set_VVD out_AVP to_TO0 disprove_VVI its_DPS finding_NN1 ._SENT He_PNP looked_VVD at_PRP the_AT0 incidence_NN1 of_PRF autism_NN1 in_PRP countries_NN2 that_CJT had_VHD stopped_VVN using_VVG the_AT0 vaccine_NN1 ,_PUN particularly_AV0 Japan_NP0 ._SENT "_PUQ And_CJC what_DTQ our_DPS findings_NN2 showed_VVD is_VBZ that_CJT the_AT0 rate_NN1 continued_VVD going_VVG on_AVP up_AVP —_PUN that_CJT the_AT0 withdrawal_NN1 of_PRF a_AT0 supposed_AJ0 risk_NN1 factor_NN1 had_VHD not_XX0 made_VVN a_AT0 difference_NN1 ,_PUN and_CJC if_CJS anything_PNI it_PNP had_VHD got_VVN worse_AJC ,_PUN not_XX0 better_AV0 ,_PUN "_PUQ he_PNP said_VVD in_PRP 2008_CRD in_PRP an_AT0 interview_NN1 for_PRP a_AT0 video_NN1 project_NN1 called_VVN "_PUQ Today_AV0 's_POS Neuroscience_NN1 ,_PUN Tomorrow_AV0 's_POS History_NN1 ._SENT "_PUQ (_PUL The_AT0 Lancet_NN1 retracted_VVD the_AT0 paper_NN1 in_PRP 2010._CRD )_PUR 
Michael_NP0 Llewellyn_NP0 Rutter_NP0 was_VBD born_VVN on_PRP Aug._NP0 15_CRD ,_PUN 1933_CRD ,_PUN in_PRP Broumana_NP0 ,_PUN Lebanon_NP0 ,_PUN near_PRP Beirut_NP0 ,_PUN where_AVQ his_DPS father_NN1 ,_PUN Dr._NP0 Llewellyn_NP0 Rutter_NP0 ,_PUN worked_VVN at_PRP a_AT0 hospital_NN1 ._SENT His_DPS mother_NN1 ,_PUN Winifred_NP0 (_PUL Barber_NP0 )_PUR Rutter_NP0 ,_PUN was_VBD a_AT0 homemaker_NN1 ._SENT A_AT0 few_DT0 years_NN2 later_AV0 ,_PUN Michael_NP0 and_CJC his_DPS family_NN1 moved_VVD to_PRP Wolverhampton_NP0 ,_PUN in_PRP the_AT0 West_NP0 Midlands_NP0 ,_PUN England_NP0 ,_PUN where_AVQ his_DPS father_NN1 was_VBD a_AT0 general_AJ0 practitioner_NN1 ._SENT But_CJC in_PRP 1940_CRD his_DPS parents_NN2 ,_PUN fearful_AJ0 that_CJT Germany_NP0 might_VM0 invade_VVI England_NP0 ,_PUN sent_VVD Michael_NP0 and_CJC his_DPS sister_NN1 ,_PUN Priscilla_NP0 ,_PUN to_PRP the_AT0 United_NP0 States_NP0 ,_PUN where_AVQ they_PNP lived_VVD with_PRP separate_AJ0 foster_AJ0 families_NN2 in_PRP the_AT0 same_DT0 small_AJ0 town_NN1 ._SENT "_PUQ My_DPS new_AJ0 foster_AJ0 parents_NN2 were_VBD punctilious_AJ0 in_PRP not_XX0 taking_VVG over_AVP from_PRP my_DPS parents_NN2 ,_PUN "_PUQ Dr._NP0 Rutter_NP0 told_VVD The_AT0 Journal_NN1 of_PRF the_AT0 Canadian_AJ0 Academy_NN1 of_PRF Child_NN1 and_CJC Adolescent_AJ0 Psychiatry_NN1 in_PRP 2010._CRD After_PRP four_CRD enjoyable_AJ0 years_NN2 —_PUN his_DPS sister_NN1 ,_PUN in_PRP contrast_NN1 ,_PUN had_VHD a_AT0 difficult_AJ0 time_NN1 ,_PUN especially_AV0 after_PRP being_VBG rejected_VVN by_PRP her_DPS first_ORD foster_AJ0 family_NN1 —_PUN he_PNP returned_VVD ,_PUN he_PNP said_VVD ,_PUN "_PUQ as_CJS an_AT0 ebullient_AJ0 American_AJ0 teenager_NN1 "_PUQ whose_DTQ grandmother_NN1 asked_VVD his_DPS mother_NN1 ,_PUN "_PUQ Do_VDB you_PNP think_VVI we_PNP 've_VHB got_VVN the_AT0 right_AJ0 ones_NN2 back_AVP ?_SENT "_PUQ He_PNP entered_VVD the_AT0 University_NN1 of_PRF Birmingham_NP0 Medical_AJ0 School_NN1 in_PRP 1950_CRD ,_PUN planing_VVG to_TO0 be_VBI a_AT0 general_AJ0 practitioner_NN1 and_CJC join_VVB his_DPS father_NN1 's_POS practice_NN1 ._SENT But_CJC he_PNP became_VVD fascinated_VVN by_PRP neurology_NN1 and_CJC neurosurgery_NN1 and_CJC then_AV0 by_PRP psychiatry_NN1 ,_PUN inspired_VVN by_PRP a_AT0 professor_NN1 ,_PUN Wilhelm_NP0 Mayer-Gross_NP0 ,_PUN a_AT0 prominent_AJ0 psychiatrist_NN1 who_PNQ had_VHD fled_VVN Nazi_AJ0 Germany_NP0 ._SENT Dr._NP0 Rutter_NP0 worked_VVD at_PRP British_AJ0 hospitals_NN2 after_PRP graduating_VVG from_PRP medical_AJ0 school_NN1 in_PRP 1955_CRD and_CJC was_VBD a_AT0 pediatrics_NN1 fellow_NN1 at_PRP the_AT0 Albert_NP0 Einstein_NP0 College_NN1 of_PRF Medicine_NN1 ,_PUN in_PRP the_AT0 Bronx_NP0 ,_PUN from_PRP 1961_CRD to_PRP 1962._CRD He_PNP joined_VVD the_AT0 social_AJ0 psychiatry_NN1 research_NN1 unit_NN1 at_PRP Maudsley_NP0 Hospital_NN1 in_PRP London_NP0 in_PRP 1962_CRD ,_PUN and_CJC the_AT0 Institute_NN1 of_PRF Psychiatry_NN1 ,_PUN also_AV0 in_PRP London_NP0 ,_PUN in_PRP 1966._CRD He_PNP was_VBD knighted_VVN in_PRP 1992._CRD Dr._NP0 Rutter_NP0 wrote_VVD or_CJC co-wrote_VVD more_AV0 than_CJS 400_CRD papers_NN2 and_CJC 40_CRD books_NN2 ,_PUN including_PRP "_PUQ Fifteen_CRD Thousand_CRD Hours_NN2 :_PUN Secondary_AJ0 Schools_NN2 and_CJC Their_DPS Effects_NN2 on_PRP Children_NN2 "_PUQ (_PUL 1979_CRD )_PUR ,_PUN based_VVN on_PRP a_AT0 study_NN1 of_PRF the_AT0 problems_NN2 faced_VVN by_PRP London_NP0 schoolchildren_NN2 during_PRP 12_CRD years_NN2 of_PRF education_NN1 ._SENT He_PNP also_AV0 wrote_VVD "_PUQ Maternal_AJ0 Deprivation_NN1 Reassessed_VVN "_PUQ (_PUL 1972_CRD )_PUR ,_PUN which_DTQ suggested_VVD that_CJT children_NN2 can_VM0 develop_VVI strong_AJ0 attachments_NN2 not_XX0 just_AV0 to_PRP their_DPS mothers_NN2 but_CJC also_AV0 to_PRP other_AJ0 people_NN0 ,_PUN both_AV0 inside_AV0 and_CJC outside_PRP their_DPS families_NN2 ,_PUN who_PNQ will_VM0 affect_VVI heir_NN1 mental_AJ0 health_NN1 and_CJC development_NN1 ._SENT It_PNP was_VBD a_AT0 challenge_NN1 to_PRP the_AT0 work_NN1 of_PRF John_NP0 Bowlby_NP0 ,_PUN a_AT0 British_AJ0 psychiatrist_NN1 whose_DTQ "_PUQ attachment_NN1 theory_NN1 "_PUQ argued_VVN that_CJT a_AT0 mother_NN1 's_POS love_NN1 is_VBZ absolutely_AV0 critical_AJ0 to_PRP a_AT0 child_NN1 and_CJC that_CJT its_DPS deprivation_NN1 can_VM0 have_VHI dire_AJ0 results_NN2 ._SENT Survivors_NN2 include_VVB Dr._NP0 Rutter_NP0 's_POS wife_NN1 ,_PUN Marjorie_NP0 (_PUL Heys_NP0 )_PUR Rutter_NP0 ,_PUN a_AT0 nurse_NN1 and_CJC the_AT0 co-author_NN1 with_PRP him_PNP of_PRF "_PUQ Developing_AJ0 Minds_NN2 :_PUN Challenge_NN1 and_CJC Continuity_NN1 Across_PRP the_AT0 Lifespan_NN1 "_PUQ (_PUL 1993_CRD )_PUR ;_PUN his_DPS daughters_NN2 ,_PUN Sheila_NP0 and_CJC Christine_NP0 ;_PUN his_DPS son_NN1 ,_PUN Stephen_NP0 ;_PUN his_DPS sister_NN1 ,_PUN Priscilla_NP0 ,_PUN and_CJC seven_CRD grandchildren_NN2 ._SENT As_CJS increasing_AJ0 numbers_NN2 of_PRF Romanian_AJ0 orphans_NN2 were_VBD adopted_VVN by_PRP families_NN2 in_PRP Britain_NP0 in_PRP the_AT0 early_AJ0 1990s_CRD ,_PUN Dr._NP0 Rutter_NP0 and_CJC several_DT0 colleagues_NN2 began_VVD a_AT0 long-term_AJ0 study_NN1 to_TO0 determine_VVI how_AVQ well_AV0 the_AT0 children_NN2 recovered_VVN from_PRP the_AT0 difficult_AJ0 conditions_NN2 they_PNP had_VHD experienced_VVN in_PRP orphanages_NN2 ._SENT 
