Executive_AJ0 Summary_NN1 
To_TO0 meet_VVI the_AT0 evolving_AJ0 demands_NN2 of_PRF the_AT0 21st_ORD century_NN1 ,_PUN the_AT0 U.S._NP0 power_NN1 grid_NN1 is_VBZ undergoing_VVG transformational_AJ0 changes_NN2 that_CJT defy_VVB its_DPS traditional_AJ0 design_NN1 of_PRF large-scale_AJ0 generation_NN1 remotely_AV0 located_VVN far_AV0 from_PRP consumers_NN2 ,_PUN centralized_AJ0 control_NN1 structures_NN2 with_PRP minimal_AJ0 feedback_NN1 ,_PUN limited_AJ0 energy_NN1 storage_NN1 ,_PUN and_CJC passive_AJ0 loads_NN2 ._SENT Over_PRP the_AT0 last_ORD decade_NN1 ,_PUN the_AT0 U.S._NP0 electric_AJ0 generation_NN1 mix_NN1 has_VHZ changed_VVN dramatically_AV0 ,_PUN with_PRP increased_AJ0 generation_NN1 from_PRP highly-flexible_AJ0 natural_AJ0 gas_NN1 ,_PUN rapid_AJ0 deployment_NN1 and_CJC penetration_NN1 of_PRF variable_AJ0 renewable_AJ0 resources_NN2 ,_PUN and_CJC decreased_AJ0 generation_NN1 from_PRP traditional_AJ0 baseload_NN1 resources_NN2 ._SENT Other_AJ0 changes_NN2 that_CJT are_VBB beginning_VVG now_AV0 and_CJC expected_VVD to_TO0 accelerate_VVI in_PRP the_AT0 near_AJ0 term_NN1 include_VVB increased_AJ0 deployment_NN1 of_PRF energy_NN1 storage_NN1 technologies_NN2 and_CJC greater_AJC use_NN1 of_PRF digital_AJ0 and_CJC communication_NN1 technologies_NN2 in_PRP the_AT0 control_NN1 of_PRF power_NN1 systems_NN2 ._SENT The_AT0 introduction_NN1 of_PRF new_AJ0 sources_NN2 of_PRF dispatchability_NN1 ,_PUN flexibility_NN1 ,_PUN and_CJC reliability_NN1 offers_VVZ the_AT0 potential_NN1 for_PRP a_AT0 more_AV0 optimized_AJ0 ,_PUN cost-effective_AJ0 ,_PUN and_CJC modern_AJ0 energy_NN1 sector_NN1 from_PRP fuel_NN1 to_PRP generation_NN1 to_PRP delivery_NN1 to_TO0 load_VVI ._SENT 
One_CRD key_AJ0 trend_NN1 in_PRP the_AT0 evolving_AJ0 U.S._NP0 energy_NN1 sector_NN1 is_VBZ the_AT0 emergence_NN1 of_PRF hybrid_AJ0 energy_NN1 systems_NN2 (_PUL HES_NN2 )_PUR ._SENT We_PNP define_VVB HES_NN2 in_PRP this_DT0 report_NN1 as_PRP systems_NN2 involving_VVG multiple_AJ0 energy_NN1 generation_NN1 ,_PUN storage_NN1 ,_PUN and_CJC /_PUN or_CJC conversion_NN1 technologies_NN2 that_CJT are_VBB integrated_VVN —_PUN through_PRP an_AT0 overarching_AJ0 control_NN1 framework_NN1 or_CJC physically_AV0 —_PUN to_TO0 achieve_VVI cost_NN1 savings_NN2 and_CJC enhanced_AJ0 capabilities_NN2 ,_PUN value_NN1 ,_PUN efficiency_NN1 ,_PUN or_CJC environmental_AJ0 performance_NN1 compared_VVN to_PRP the_AT0 independent_AJ0 alternatives_NN2 ._SENT This_DT0 definition_NN1 is_VBZ consistent_AJ0 with_PRP —_PUN but_CJC broader_AJC than_CJS —_PUN industry_NN1 definitions_NN2 ._SENT And_CJC as_CJS defined_VVN here_AV0 ,_PUN HES_NN2 are_VBB related_VVN to_TO0 ,_PUN but_CJC distinct_AJ0 from_PRP ,_PUN colocated_AJ0 resources_NN2 ,_PUN which_DTQ share_VVB some_DT0 characteristics_NN2 with_PRP HES_NN2 but_CJC have_VHB more-limited_AJ0 opportunities_NN2 for_PRP operational_AJ0 synergies_NN2 ._SENT 
HES_NN2 present_VVB an_AT0 opportunity_NN1 to_TO0 optimize_VVI power_NN1 plant_NN1 designs_NN2 to_TO0 maximize_VVI the_AT0 services_NN2 that_CJT are_VBB useful_AJ0 to_PRP and_CJC valued_VVN by_PRP the_AT0 electric_AJ0 and_CJC broader_AJC energy_NN1 systems_NN2 ._SENT They_PNP can_VM0 vary_VVI in_PRP terms_NN2 of_PRF their_DPS subcomponents_NN2 ,_PUN linkages_NN2 (_PUL e.g._AV0 ,_PUN locational_AJ0 ,_PUN physical_AJ0 ,_PUN and_CJC operational_AJ0 )_PUR ,_PUN and_CJC application_NN1 spaces_NN2 (_PUL e.g._AV0 ,_PUN customer-sited_AJ0 or_CJC utility-scale_AJ0 )_PUR ._SENT HES_NN2 can_VM0 also_AV0 be_VBI configured_VVN to_TO0 provide_VVI various_AJ0 electric_AJ0 and_CJC nonelectric_AJ0 products_NN2 (_PUL e.g._AV0 ,_PUN fuels_NN2 )_PUR ._SENT For_PRP example_NN1 ,_PUN HES_NN2 can_VM0 have_VHI electricity_NN1 as_PRP their_DPS only_AJ0 output_NN1 ,_PUN with_PRP common_AJ0 examples_NN2 including_PRP various_AJ0 generation_NN1 technologies_NN2 combined_VVN with_PRP energy_NN1 storage_NN1 ._SENT In_PRP other_AJ0 cases_NN2 ,_PUN HES_NN2 can_VM0 consist_VVI of_PRF industrial_AJ0 processes_NN2 that_CJT utilize_VVB generated_AJ0 heat_NN1 or_CJC power_NN1 to_TO0 produce_VVI a_AT0 commodity-scale_AJ0 product_NN1 (_PUL e.g._AV0 ,_PUN using_VVG electrical_AJ0 or_CJC thermal_AJ0 energy_NN1 to_TO0 produce_VVI hydrogen_NN1 from_PRP water_NN1 or_CJC a_AT0 methane_NN1 source_NN1 )_PUR ._SENT 
Recent_AJ0 analysis_NN1 ,_PUN experimentation_NN1 ,_PUN and_CJC deployments_NN2 of_PRF HES_NN2 suggest_VVB advantages_NN2 currently_AV0 outweigh_VVB disadvantages_NN2 for_PRP some_DT0 technology_NN1 combinations_NN2 ._SENT They_PNP also_AV0 indicate_VVB that_CJT hybridization_NN1 could_VM0 be_VBI an_AT0 effective_AJ0 strategy_NN1 for_PRP realizing_VVG net-economic_AJ0 benefits_NN2 relative_AJ0 to_PRP independent_AJ0 plants_NN2 by_PRP allowing_VVG multiple_AJ0 technologies_NN2 to_TO0 share_VVI costs_NN2 and_CJC infrastructure_NN1 ;_PUN enabling_VVG the_AT0 provision_NN1 of_PRF more_DT0 grid_NN1 services_NN2 (_PUL or_CJC the_AT0 same_DT0 grid_NN1 services_NN2 at_PRP a_AT0 lower_AJC cost_NN1 )_PUR ;_PUN and_CJC enhancing_VVG system_NN1 reliability_NN1 ,_PUN flexibility_NN1 ,_PUN and_CJC resilience_NN1 ._SENT Hybridization_NN1 can_VM0 also_AV0 help_VVI mitigate_VVI financial_AJ0 penalties_NN2 for_PRP variable_AJ0 resources_NN2 (_PUL e.g._AV0 ,_PUN integration_NN1 charges_NN2 and_CJC imbalance_NN1 penalties_NN2 )_PUR and_CJC overcome_VVB suboptimal_AJ0 technical_AJ0 requirements_NN2 or_CJC limited_AJ0 participation_NN1 models_NN2 for_PRP the_AT0 provision_NN1 of_PRF services_NN2 (_PUL e.g._AV0 ,_PUN capacity_NN1 or_CJC ancillary_AJ0 services_NN2 )_PUR ._SENT For_PRP example_NN1 ,_PUN if_CJS a_AT0 utility_NN1 or_CJC system_NN1 operator_NN1 imposes_VVZ ramp-rate_AJ0 limits_NN2 on_PRP variable_AJ0 renewable_AJ0 resources_NN2 ,_PUN or_CJC it_PNP disallows_VVZ these_DT0 resources_NN2 from_PRP participating_VVG in_PRP ancillary_AJ0 services_NN2 markets_NN2 ,_PUN then_AV0 hybridizing_VVG can_VM0 help_VVI resolve_VVI these_DT0 market_NN1 design_NN1 limits_NN2 ._SENT Similarly_AV0 ,_PUN a_AT0 utility_NN1 or_CJC system_NN1 operator_NN1 could_VM0 impose_VVI energy_NN1 requirements_NN2 on_PRP certain_AJ0 market_NN1 products_NN2 that_CJT might_VM0 limit_VVI the_AT0 ability_NN1 of_PRF independent_AJ0 energy_NN1 storage_NN1 to_TO0 participate_VVI unless_CJS it_PNP is_VBZ paired_VVN with_PRP another_DT0 resource_NN1 ._SENT 
Hybridization_NN1 also_AV0 poses_VVZ challenges_NN2 and_CJC uncertainties_NN2 ._SENT To_PRP a_AT0 large_AJ0 extent_NN1 ,_PUN wholesale_AJ0 electricity_NN1 markets_NN2 ,_PUN electric_AJ0 utility_NN1 regulation_NN1 ,_PUN and_CJC state_NN1 energy_NN1 policies_NN2 were_VBD designed_VVN with_PRP the_AT0 expectation_NN1 that_CJT power_VVB generating_AJ0 facilities_NN2 would_VM0 consist_VVI of_PRF a_AT0 single_AJ0 technology_NN1 type_NN1 ._SENT Furthermore_AV0 ,_PUN system_NN1 operators_NN2 have_VHB historically_AV0 been_VBN able_AJ0 to_TO0 optimize_VVI dispatch_NN1 to_TO0 minimize_VVI costs_NN2 and_CJC maintain_VVB reliable_AJ0 operations_NN2 across_PRP the_AT0 full_AJ0 portfolio_NN1 of_PRF available_AJ0 resources_NN2 ,_PUN rather_AV0 than_CJS having_VHG some_DT0 resources_NN2 optimize_VVB their_DPS operations_NN2 independently_AV0 ._SENT The_AT0 emergence_NN1 of_PRF competitive_AJ0 HES_NN2 is_VBZ thus_AV0 creating_VVG challenges_NN2 for_PRP the_AT0 design_NN1 ,_PUN operation_NN1 ,_PUN and_CJC regulation_NN1 of_PRF wholesale_AJ0 electricity_NN1 markets_NN2 ,_PUN for_PRP state_NN1 regulation_NN1 of_PRF electric_AJ0 utilities_NN2 ,_PUN and_CJC for_PRP the_AT0 design_NN1 and_CJC implementation_NN1 of_PRF energy_NN1 policies_NN2 ._SENT Additionally_AV0 ,_PUN current_AJ0 data_NN0 ,_PUN methods_NN2 ,_PUN scenarios_NN2 ,_PUN and_CJC analysis_NN1 tools_NN2 —_PUN ranging_VVG from_PRP plant-level_AJ0 to_PRP capacity_NN1 expansion_NN1 to_PRP energy_NN1 economic_AJ0 models_NN2 —_PUN are_VBB insufficient_AJ0 for_PRP representing_VVG the_AT0 costs_NN2 ,_PUN estimating_VVG the_AT0 value_NN1 ,_PUN and_CJC evaluating_VVG system_NN1 impacts_NN2 of_PRF HES_NN2 ._SENT Optimizing_VVG the_AT0 design_NN1 and_CJC operations_NN2 of_PRF HES_NN2 also_AV0 requires_VVZ development_NN1 of_PRF controls_NN2 ,_PUN sensors_NN2 ,_PUN telemetry_NN1 ,_PUN metering_NN1 ,_PUN and_CJC other_AJ0 communications_NN2 equipment_NN1 to_TO0 facilitate_VVI the_AT0 coordinated_AJ0 operations_NN2 of_PRF subcomponents_NN2 with_PRP different_AJ0 objectives_NN2 ._SENT 
Responding_VVG to_PRP growing_AJ0 industry_NN1 interest_NN1 in_PRP HES_NN2 ,_PUN the_AT0 U.S._NP0 Department_NN1 of_PRF Energy_NN1 (_PUL DOE_NP0 )_PUR has_VHZ undertaken_VVN research_NN1 and_CJC development_NN1 (_PUL R_ZZ0 &_NN1 D_ZZ0 )_PUR projects_NN2 to_TO0 address_VVI challenges_NN2 and_CJC promote_VVB innovations_NN2 in_PRP HES_NN2 ._SENT The_AT0 DOE_NP0 Hybrids_NN2 Task_NN1 Force_NN1 reviewed_VVN DOE_NP0 's_POS HES_NN2 R_ZZ0 &_NN1 D_ZZ0 portfolio_NN1 and_CJC found_VVD that_CJT technologies_NN2 from_PRP four_CRD DOE_NP0 program_NN1 offices_NN2 —_PUN the_AT0 Office_NN1 of_PRF Energy_NN1 Efficiency_NN1 and_CJC Renewable_AJ0 Energy_NN1 (_PUL EERE_NP0 )_PUR 3_CRD ,_PUN Office_NN1 of_PRF Fossil_NN1 Energy_NN1 (_PUL FE_NP0 )_PUR 4_CRD ,_PUN Office_NN1 of_PRF Nuclear_AJ0 Energy_NN1 (_PUL NE_NN1 )_PUR ,_PUN and_CJC Office_NN1 of_PRF Electricity_NN1 (_PUL OE_NP0 )_PUR —_PUN are_VBB the_AT0 subject_NN1 of_PRF state-of-the-art_AJ0 HES_NN2 research_NN1 ._SENT Moreover_AV0 ,_PUN our_DPS review_NN1 confirmed_VVD that_CJT DOE_NP0 has_VHZ supported_VVN the_AT0 development_NN1 of_PRF HES_NN2 research_NN1 capabilities_NN2 that_CJT are_VBB designed_VVN to_TO0 explore_VVI hybrid-specific_AJ0 questions_NN2 ,_PUN span_VVB multiple_AJ0 research_NN1 topics_NN2 ,_PUN and_CJC evaluate_VVB a_AT0 diverse_AJ0 suite_NN1 of_PRF subcomponent_NN1 combinations_NN2 and_CJC linkages_NN2 ._SENT Finally_AV0 ,_PUN our_DPS review_NN1 revealed_VVD that_CJT HES_NN2 research_NN1 is_VBZ often_AV0 housed_VVN in_PRP an_AT0 individual_AJ0 office_NN1 ,_PUN particularly_AV0 when_CJS it_PNP involves_VVZ a_AT0 single_AJ0 source_NN1 of_PRF electricity_NN1 generation_NN1 linked_VVN with_PRP an_AT0 energy_NN1 storage_NN1 or_CJC conversion_NN1 technology_NN1 ._SENT 
Detailed_AJ0 treatment_NN1 of_PRF the_AT0 nuances_NN2 of_PRF each_DT0 generation_NN1 technology_NN1 is_VBZ important_AJ0 and_CJC relevant_AJ0 ,_PUN but_CJC many_DT0 aspects_NN2 of_PRF HES_NN2 are_VBB crosscutting_AJ0 and_CJC will_VM0 be_VBI relevant_AJ0 to_PRP other_AJ0 generation_NN1 technologies_NN2 ,_PUN including_PRP those_DT0 that_CJT are_VBB the_AT0 focus_NN1 of_PRF other_AJ0 DOE_NP0 program_NN1 offices_NN2 ._SENT Therefore_AV0 ,_PUN a_AT0 key_AJ0 finding_NN1 of_PRF our_DPS review_NN1 is_VBZ that_CJT there_EX0 may_VM0 be_VBI opportunities_NN2 for_PRP additional_AJ0 or_CJC enhanced_AJ0 collaboration_NN1 across_PRP EERE_NP0 ,_PUN FE_NP0 ,_PUN NE_NN1 ,_PUN and_CJC OE_NP0 ,_PUN as_CJS well_AV0 as_CJS across_PRP suboffices_NN2 that_CJT house_VVB individual_AJ0 generation_NN1 technology_NN1 types_NN2 and_CJC other_AJ0 government_NN1 agencies_NN2 conducting_VVG HES-related_AJ0 research_NN1 such_DT0 as_PRP the_AT0 Advanced_AJ0 Research_NN1 Projects_NN2 Agency_NN1 –_PUN Energy_NN1 (_PUL ARPA-E_NP0 )_PUR ._SENT 
This_DT0 report_NN1 was_VBD prepared_VVN by_PRP DOE_NP0 and_CJC its_DPS National_AJ0 Laboratories_NN2 to_TO0 establish_VVI the_AT0 state-of-the-art_NN1 in_PRP HES_NP0 research_NN1 and_CJC highlight_NN1 challenges_NN2 that_CJT are_VBB relevant_AJ0 across_PRP HES_NN2 ,_PUN regardless_AV0 of_PRF their_DPS subcomponents_NN2 ._SENT The_AT0 report_NN1 was_VBD designed_VVN to_TO0 identify_VVI high-priority_AJ0 ,_PUN near-term_AJ0 opportunities_NN2 for_PRP HES_NP0 research_NN1 where_AVQ multiple_AJ0 DOE_NP0 program_NN1 offices_NN2 could_VM0 coordinate_VVI their_DPS efforts_NN2 to_TO0 increase_VVI impact_NN1 or_CJC reduce_VVB duplication_NN1 ._SENT These_DT0 opportunities_NN2 do_VDB not_XX0 necessarily_AV0 reflect_VVI new_AJ0 research_NN1 activities_NN2 ,_PUN but_CJC rather_AV0 those_DT0 that_CJT are_VBB both_AV0 high-priority_AJ0 areas_NN2 for_PRP HES_NN2 and_CJC amenable_AJ0 to_PRP multi-office_AJ0 collaboration_NN1 or_CJC coordination_NN1 ._SENT The_AT0 opportunities_NN2 reported_VVN here_AV0 are_VBB categorized_VVN into_PRP three_CRD research_NN1 areas_NN2 :_PUN markets_NN2 ,_PUN policy_NN1 ,_PUN and_CJC regulation_NN1 ;_PUN valuation_NN1 ;_PUN and_CJC technology_NN1 development_NN1 ._SENT In_PRP addition_NN1 ,_PUN two_CRD overarching_AJ0 opportunities_NN2 influence_NN1 and_CJC are_VBB influenced_VVN by_PRP activities_NN2 in_PRP all_DT0 three_CRD research_NN1 areas_NN2 ._SENT 
Executing_VVG the_AT0 opportunities_NN2 and_CJC activities_NN2 outlined_VVN in_PRP this_DT0 report_NN1 —_PUN and_CJC any_DT0 future_AJ0 ones_NN2 that_CJT arise_VVB as_PRP needs_NN2 and_CJC goals_NN2 evolve_VVB —_PUN will_VM0 be_VBI at_PRP the_AT0 discretion_NN1 of_PRF the_AT0 DOE_NP0 program_NN1 offices_NN2 and_CJC will_VM0 only_AV0 be_VBI possible_AJ0 through_PRP ongoing_AJ0 coordination_NN1 ,_PUN communication_NN1 ,_PUN and_CJC collaboration_NN1 ._SENT Existing_AJ0 mechanisms_NN2 present_VVB a_AT0 framework_NN1 on_PRP which_DTQ to_TO0 build_VVI ,_PUN and_CJC they_PNP illustrate_VVB that_CJT many_DT0 forms_NN2 of_PRF collaboration_NN1 could_VM0 take_VVI place_NN1 ._SENT These_DT0 could_VM0 include_VVI joint_AJ0 Grid_NN1 Modernization_NN1 Laboratory_NN1 Consortium_NN1 (_PUL GMLC_NP0 )_PUR Lab_NN1 Calls_NN2 ,_PUN funding_NN1 opportunity_NN1 announcements_NN2 (_PUL FOAs_NP0 )_PUR ,_PUN workshops_NN2 ,_PUN and_CJC technical_AJ0 assistance_NN1 programs_NN2 ._SENT In_PRP all_DT0 cases_NN2 ,_PUN any_DT0 future_AJ0 activities_NN2 under_PRP a_AT0 given_AJ0 opportunity_NN1 should_VM0 build_VVI on_AVP ,_PUN and_CJC avoid_VVB undermining_VVG ,_PUN related_AJ0 interoffice_NN1 and_CJC intraoffice_AJ0 research_NN1 that_DT0 is_VBZ already_AV0 underway_AV0 for_PRP HES_NN2 ._SENT 
Overarching_AJ0 Opportunities_NN2 
The_AT0 DOE_NP0 Hybrids_NN2 Task_NN1 Force_NN1 identified_VVN two_CRD opportunities_NN2 as_CJS having_VHG immediate_AJ0 priority_NN1 and_CJC whose_DTQ results_NN2 will_VM0 help_VVI inform_VVI opportunities_NN2 within_PRP all_DT0 three_CRD research_NN1 areas_NN2 ._SENT These_DT0 opportunities_NN2 are_VBB intended_VVN to_TO0 identify_VVI the_AT0 key_AJ0 current_AJ0 drivers_NN2 of_PRF HES_NN2 ,_PUN explore_VVB the_AT0 time_NN1 frame_NN1 for_PRP current_AJ0 motivations_NN2 for_PRP and_CJC anticipated_AJ0 drivers_NN2 of_PRF HES_NN2 in_PRP the_AT0 future_NN1 ,_PUN gain_VVB greater_AJC visibility_NN1 into_PRP industry_NN1 efforts_NN2 related_VVN to_PRP HES_NN2 ,_PUN and_CJC disseminate_VVB relevant_AJ0 information_NN1 ._SENT Each_DT0 activity_NN1 would_VM0 begin_VVI by_PRP compiling_VVG and_CJC synthesizing_VVG findings_NN2 from_PRP previous_AJ0 DOE_NP0 workshops_NN2 and_CJC data_NN0 resources_NN2 ._SENT Leveraging_VVG DOE_NP0 's_POS past_AJ0 investments_NN2 in_PRP hybrid_AJ0 energy_NN1 system_NN1 workshops_NN2 and_CJC data_NN0 resources_NN2 would_VM0 both_AV0 avoid_VVI duplication_NN1 and_CJC help_NN1 identify_VVB the_AT0 unique_AJ0 aspects_NN2 of_PRF recent_AJ0 commercial_AJ0 activity_NN1 surrounding_VVG HES_NN2 ,_PUN which_DTQ should_VM0 be_VBI the_AT0 focus_NN1 of_PRF both_DT0 overarching_AJ0 activities_NN2 ._SENT 
Motivations_NN2 for_PRP HES_NN2 
Host_VVB a_AT0 series_NN0 of_PRF workshops_NN2 designed_VVN to_TO0 explore_VVI the_AT0 relative_AJ0 importance_NN1 of_PRF the_AT0 diverse_AJ0 present-day_AJ0 motivations_NN2 for_PRP HES_NN2 ,_PUN with_PRP a_AT0 focus_NN1 on_PRP technology_NN1 combinations_NN2 that_CJT are_VBB being_VBG deployed_VVN ,_PUN proposed_AJ0 ,_PUN and_CJC considered_VVN for_PRP interconnection_NN1 today_AV0 ._SENT Planning_NN1 and_CJC preparation_NN1 for_PRP the_AT0 workshops_NN2 would_VM0 involve_VVI reviewing_VVG the_AT0 participants_NN2 and_CJC outcomes_NN2 of_PRF previous_AJ0 related_AJ0 DOE_NP0 workshops_NN2 on_PRP HES_NN2 ;_PUN findings_NN2 from_PRP the_AT0 workshops_NN2 would_VM0 inform_VVI deeper_AJC analysis_NN1 around_PRP the_AT0 perceived_AJ0 benefits_NN2 of_PRF HES_NN2 that_CJT are_VBB not_XX0 adequately_AV0 represented_VVN in_PRP established_AJ0 valuation_NN1 tools_NN2 and_CJC methods_NN2 ._SENT 
Public_AJ0 Data_NN0 Resources_NN2 
Establish_VVB regularly_AV0 updated_AJ0 ,_PUN publicly_AV0 available_AJ0 data_NN0 resources_NN2 on_PRP current_AJ0 and_CJC projected_AJ0 technology_NN1 costs_NN2 ,_PUN performance_NN1 ,_PUN market_NN1 value_NN1 ,_PUN and_CJC market_NN1 trends_NN2 for_PRP different_AJ0 kinds_NN2 and_CJC configurations_NN2 of_PRF HES_NN2 ._SENT Activities_NN2 under_PRP this_DT0 opportunity_NN1 could_VM0 include_VVI compiling_VVG data_NN0 resources_NN2 from_PRP existing_AJ0 work_NN1 for_PRP specific_AJ0 technology_NN1 combinations_NN2 ,_PUN as_CJS well_AV0 as_CJS collecting_VVG and_CJC disseminating_VVG new_AJ0 data_NN0 resources_NN2 when_CJS appropriate_AJ0 ._SENT 
Markets_NN2 ,_PUN Policy_NN1 ,_PUN and_CJC Regulation_NN1 Opportunities_NN2 
The_AT0 objectives_NN2 of_PRF the_AT0 markets_NN2 ,_PUN policy_NN1 ,_PUN and_CJC regulation_NN1 research_NN1 area_NN1 are_VBB to_TO0 evaluate_VVI regulations_NN2 ,_PUN policies_NN2 ,_PUN ownership_NN1 structures_NN2 ,_PUN and_CJC market_NN1 products_NN2 that_CJT are_VBB emerging_AJ0 or_CJC needed_VVD to_TO0 ensure_VVI efficient_AJ0 operation_NN1 of_PRF HES_NN2 ._SENT To_TO0 relate_VVI the_AT0 greater_AJC sense_NN1 of_PRF urgency_NN1 for_PRP the_AT0 markets_NN2 ,_PUN policy_NN1 ,_PUN and_CJC regulation_NN1 opportunities_NN2 ,_PUN they_PNP are_VBB presented_VVN prior_AJ0 to_PRP those_DT0 for_PRP valuation_NN1 and_CJC technology_NN1 development_NN1 ;_PUN in_PRP other_AJ0 words_NN2 ,_PUN the_AT0 sudden_AJ0 rise_NN1 in_PRP HES_NP0 is_VBZ challenging_VVG conventional_AJ0 approaches_NN2 in_PRP markets_NN2 ,_PUN policy_NN1 ,_PUN and_CJC regulation_NN1 ._SENT The_AT0 opportunities_NN2 outlined_VVN here_AV0 include_VVB gaining_VVG a_AT0 better_AJC understanding_NN1 of_PRF the_AT0 evolving_AJ0 development_NN1 status_NN1 ,_PUN rules_NN2 ,_PUN and_CJC policies_NN2 specific_AJ0 to_PRP HES_NN2 ;_PUN proactively_AV0 responding_VVG to_PRP the_AT0 potential_AJ0 impacts_NN2 of_PRF higher_AJC penetrations_NN2 of_PRF HES_NN2 on_PRP electricity_NN1 markets_NN2 and_CJC system_NN1 operations_NN2 ;_PUN improving_VVG the_AT0 analysis_NN1 of_PRF HES_NN2 within_PRP interconnection_NN1 and_CJC transmission_NN1 planning_NN1 studies_NN2 ;_PUN and_CJC providing_VVG analytical_AJ0 and_CJC technical_AJ0 support_NN1 to_TO0 state_VVI regulatory_AJ0 commissions_NN2 and_CJC energy_NN1 offices_NN2 regarding_PRP HES_NN2 ._SENT 
Markets_NN2 Database_NN1 
Synthesize_VVB and_CJC disseminate_VVB current_AJ0 and_CJC evolving_AJ0 rules_NN2 and_CJC policies_NN2 specific_AJ0 to_PRP HES_NN2 including_PRP changes_NN2 in_PRP market_NN1 participation_NN1 models_NN2 ,_PUN developments_NN2 in_PRP stakeholder_NN1 proceedings_NN2 ,_PUN and_CJC changes_NN2 in_PRP interconnection_NN1 queue_NN1 procedures_NN2 ._SENT 
HES_NP0 Integration_NN1 Studies_NN2 
Analyze_VVB the_AT0 impacts_NN2 of_PRF different_AJ0 kinds_NN2 and_CJC penetration_NN1 levels_NN2 of_PRF HES_NN2 on_PRP system_NN1 planning_NN1 ,_PUN operations_NN2 ,_PUN reliability_NN1 ,_PUN costs_NN2 ,_PUN resilience_NN1 ,_PUN environmental_AJ0 compliance_NN1 ,_PUN or_CJC fuel_NN1 provision_NN1 ,_PUN as_CJS well_AV0 as_CJS state_NN1 and_CJC local_AJ0 policy_NN1 goals_NN2 ._SENT 
HES_NN2 in_PRP Interconnection_NN1 and_CJC Transmission_NN1 Planning_NN1 
Review_VVB existing_AJ0 approaches_NN2 to_PRP representing_VVG HES_NN2 in_PRP interconnection_NN1 and_CJC transmission_NN1 studies_NN2 ,_PUN and_CJC examine_VVB how_AVQ HES_NN2 can_VM0 defer_VVI or_CJC avoid_VVI transmission_NN1 and_CJC distribution_NN1 investments_NN2 ._SENT 
Technical_AJ0 Assistance_NN1 
Provide_VVB technical_AJ0 assistance_NN1 to_PRP states_NN2 ,_PUN tribal_AJ0 entities_NN2 ,_PUN legislatures_NN2 ,_PUN public_AJ0 utility_NN1 commissions_NN2 ,_PUN and_CJC state_NN1 energy_NN1 agencies_NN2 on_PRP policy_NN1 design_NN1 ,_PUN utility_NN1 regulation_NN1 ,_PUN and_CJC regulatory_AJ0 design_NN1 issues_NN2 for_PRP HES_NN2 ._SENT This_DT0 could_VM0 include_VVI assistance_NN1 in_PRP evaluating_VVG the_AT0 role_NN1 of_PRF HES_NN2 in_PRP states_NN2 '_POS long-term_AJ0 energy_NN1 policies_NN2 ,_PUN evaluating_VVG HES_NN2 in_PRP utility_NN1 planning_NN1 and_CJC procurement_NN1 ,_PUN optimal_AJ0 hybrid_AJ0 investment_NN1 strategies_NN2 for_PRP utilities_NN2 ,_PUN regulatory_AJ0 issues_NN2 around_PRP utility_NN1 ownership_NN1 and_CJC contracting_VVG for_PRP HES_NN2 ,_PUN and_CJC rules_NN2 for_PRP HES_NN2 in_PRP state_NN1 policy_NN1 mandates_NN2 ._SENT 
Valuation_NN1 Opportunities_NN2 
The_AT0 valuation_NN1 research_NN1 area_NN1 focuses_VVZ on_PRP tools_NN2 ,_PUN methods_NN2 ,_PUN and_CJC metrics_NN2 for_PRP quantifying_VVG the_AT0 value_NN1 that_CJT different_AJ0 HES_NN2 can_VM0 provide_VVI ,_PUN given_AJ0 hybrid_AJ0 system_NN1 configuration_NN1 ,_PUN energy_NN1 system_NN1 ,_PUN and_CJC market_NN1 characteristics_NN2 ._SENT HES_NN2 come_VVB in_PRP a_AT0 variety_NN1 of_PRF types_NN2 ,_PUN are_VBB used_VVN in_PRP a_AT0 variety_NN1 of_PRF applications_NN2 ,_PUN and_CJC produce_VVB a_AT0 variety_NN1 of_PRF products_NN2 ._SENT Comprehensive_AJ0 and_CJC harmonized_AJ0 valuation_NN1 methodologies_NN2 that_CJT encapsulate_VVB these_DT0 variations_NN2 are_VBB essential_AJ0 for_PRP determining_VVG which_DTQ HES_NN2 ,_PUN if_CJS any_DT0 ,_PUN can_VM0 best_AV0 meet_VVI the_AT0 needs_NN2 of_PRF the_AT0 electric_AJ0 and_CJC broader_AJC energy_NN1 system_NN1 ._SENT Opportunities_NN2 are_VBB presented_VVN and_CJC organized_VVN in_PRP terms_NN2 of_PRF identifying_VVG sources_NN2 of_PRF value_NN1 ,_PUN developing_VVG consistent_AJ0 metrics_NN2 and_CJC methodologies_NN2 ,_PUN and_CJC applying_VVG tools_NN2 to_TO0 estimate_VVI HES_NN2 value_NN1 over_PRP different_AJ0 scales_NN2 and_CJC time_NN1 horizons_NN2 ._SENT 
Sources_NN2 of_PRF Value_NN1 
Enhance_VVB information_NN1 sharing_VVG across_PRP recent_AJ0 and_CJC ongoing_AJ0 HES_NN2 research_NN1 in_PRP different_AJ0 DOE_NP0 offices_NN2 to_TO0 achieve_VVI harmonized_AJ0 value_NN1 definitions_NN2 and_CJC categories_NN2 ._SENT 
Products_NN2 and_CJC Services_NN2 Taxonomy_NN1 :_PUN Establish_VVB a_AT0 harmonized_AJ0 definition_NN1 for_PRP the_AT0 services_NN2 and_CJC products_NN2 that_CJT HES_NN2 can_VM0 provide_VVI ,_PUN building_VVG on_PRP ongoing_AJ0 technology-specific_AJ0 valuation_NN1 efforts_NN2 ._SENT 
Documentation_NN1 of_PRF Complementary_AJ0 Characteristics_NN2 :_PUN Synthesize_VVB existing_AJ0 and_CJC compile_VVB additional_AJ0 data_NN0 on_PRP the_AT0 capabilities_NN2 of_PRF different_AJ0 technologies_NN2 which_DTQ ,_PUN when_CJS combined_VVN ,_PUN enable_VVB or_CJC enhance_VVB the_AT0 provision_NN1 of_PRF products_NN2 ,_PUN services_NN2 ,_PUN or_CJC new_AJ0 value_NN1 propositions_NN2 ._SENT 
Cost_NN1 Synergies_NN2 :_PUN Leverage_NN1 and_CJC extend_VVB recent_AJ0 research_NN1 to_TO0 develop_VVI a_AT0 flexible_AJ0 ,_PUN consistent_AJ0 framework_NN1 for_PRP assessing_VVG the_AT0 potential_AJ0 cost_NN1 impacts_NN2 of_PRF hybridization_NN1 ._SENT 
Methodologies_NN2 and_CJC Metrics_NN2 to_PRP Measure_NN1 Value_NN1 
Establish_VVB common_AJ0 methods_NN2 and_CJC metrics_NN2 for_PRP evaluating_VVG candidate_NN1 HES_NN2 to_TO0 enable_VVI an_AT0 apples-to-apples_NN2 comparison_NN1 of_PRF candidate_NN1 HES_NN2 ._SENT 
Resource_NN1 and_CJC Product_NN1 Complementarity_NN1 :_PUN Expand_VVB ongoing_AJ0 complementarity_NN1 analyses_NN2 to_PRP new_AJ0 resource_NN1 combinations_NN2 ,_PUN considering_VVG both_AV0 location-dependent_AJ0 and_CJC the_AT0 potential_NN1 for_PRP virtual_AJ0 complementarity_NN1 ;_PUN expand_VVB analysis_NN1 of_PRF complementarities_NN2 across_PRP electricity_NN1 and_CJC other_AJ0 product_NN1 markets_NN2 ,_PUN including_PRP their_DPS infrastructure_NN1 ,_PUN transport_NN1 ,_PUN and_CJC storage_NN1 requirements_NN2 ._SENT 
HES_NN2 in_PRP Valuation_NN1 Tools_NN2 :_PUN Coordinate_NN1 activities_NN2 for_PRP representing_VVG and_CJC optimizing_VVG HES_NN2 in_PRP existing_AJ0 and_CJC underdevelopment_NN1 valuation_NN1 tools_NN2 ,_PUN including_PRP price-taker_NN1 ,_PUN production_NN1 simulation_NN1 ,_PUN production_NN1 cost_NN1 ,_PUN resource_NN1 planning_NN1 (_PUL capacity_NN1 expansion_NN1 )_PUR ,_PUN energy_NN1 sector_NN1 ,_PUN and_CJC integrated_AJ0 assessment_NN1 models_NN2 ._SENT 
Valuation_NN1 Analysis_NN1 Framework_NN1 :_PUN Develop_VVB common_AJ0 valuation_NN1 scenarios_NN2 ,_PUN systems_NN2 ,_PUN and_CJC reporting_VVG protocols_NN2 for_PRP consistent_AJ0 treatment_NN1 and_CJC evaluation_NN1 of_PRF HES_NN2 ._SENT 
