FINDINGS_NN2 
On_PRP my_DPS last_ORD day_NN1 of_PRF field_NN1 work_NN1 ,_PUN I_PNP attended_VVD Terryville_NP0 PD_NP0 's_POS academy_NN1 graduation_NN1 ._SENT The_AT0 ceremony_NN1 took_VVD place_NN1 at_PRP the_AT0 convention_NN1 center_NN1 downtown_AV0 ,_PUN and_CJC the_AT0 large_AJ0 auditorium_NN1 was_VBD filled_VVN with_PRP the_AT0 cadets_NN2 '_POS family_NN1 and_CJC friends_NN2 ._SENT The_AT0 Chief_NN1 of_PRF Police_NN2 pinned_VVD a_AT0 shiny_AJ0 ,_PUN silver_NN1 badge_NN1 onto_PRP each_DT0 new_AJ0 officer_NN1 's_POS uniform_NN1 ,_PUN and_CJC gave_VVD a_AT0 short_AJ0 speech_NN1 ._SENT He_PNP announced_VVD that_CJT this_DT0 class_NN1 was_VBD coming_VVG into_PRP policing_NN1 at_PRP a_AT0 "_PUQ different_AJ0 time_NN1 and_CJC context_NN1 ,_PUN "_PUQ then_AV0 paused_VVD dramatically_AV0 ,_PUN scanning_VVG the_AT0 crowd_NN1 ,_PUN and_CJC added_VVD ,_PUN "_PUQ a_AT0 different_AJ0 world_NN1 ._SENT "_PUQ He_PNP explained_VVD that_CJT today_AV0 ,_PUN police_NN2 officers_NN2 have_VHB to_TO0 be_VBI "_PUQ warriors_NN2 and_CJC guardians_NN2 ,_PUN "_PUQ that_CJT they_PNP need_VVB to_TO0 be_VBI "_PUQ the_AT0 kindest_AJS "_PUQ people_NN0 ,_PUN but_CJC also_AV0 be_VBI ready_AJ0 for_PRP "_PUQ a_AT0 battlefield_NN1 ._SENT "_PUQ 
In_PRP this_DT0 section_NN1 ,_PUN I_PNP outline_VVB the_AT0 ways_NN2 that_CJT this_DT0 warrior-guardian_AJ0 construct_NN1 took_VVD shape_NN1 at_PRP the_AT0 police_NN2 academy_NN1 ._SENT I_PNP begin_VVB by_PRP showing_VVG how_AVQ academy_NN1 instructors_NN2 established_VVD a_AT0 ruthless_AJ0 ,_PUN unpredictable_AJ0 enemy_NN1 who_PNQ deserves_VVZ punishment_NN1 ._SENT Next_ORD ,_PUN I_PNP explain_VVB how_AVQ cadets_NN2 were_VBD taught_VVN to_TO0 identify_VVI their_DPS enemy_NN1 in_PRP gendered_AJ0 and_CJC racialized_AJ0 ways_NN2 ._SENT Lastly_AV0 ,_PUN I_PNP describe_VVB the_AT0 process_NN1 whereby_AVQ cadets_NN2 were_VBD encouraged_VVN to_TO0 adopt_VVI a_AT0 warrior_NN1 's_POS mentality_NN1 ,_PUN paying_VVG special_AJ0 attention_NN1 to_PRP how_AVQ the_AT0 warrior-guardian_AJ0 construct_NN1 placed_VVN women_NN2 officers_NN2 in_PRP a_AT0 bind_NN1 ._SENT 
Establishing_VVG the_AT0 Enemy_NN1 :_PUN Bad_AJ0 Guys_NN2 
Throughout_PRP the_AT0 academy_NN1 ,_PUN instructors_NN2 made_VVD reference_NN1 to_PRP "_PUQ the_AT0 bad_AJ0 guy_NN1 ._SENT "_PUQ This_DT0 bad_AJ0 guy_NN1 is_VBZ ruthless_AJ0 ,_PUN malicious_AJ0 ,_PUN commits_VVZ crimes_NN2 ,_PUN and_CJC disregards_VVZ humanity_NN1 ._SENT He_PNP (_PUL the_AT0 concept_NN1 assumes_VVZ maleness_NN1 and_CJC masculinity_NN1 )_PUR is_VBZ unpredictable_AJ0 ,_PUN violent_AJ0 ,_PUN carries_VVZ weapons_NN2 ,_PUN and_CJC harms_VVZ others_NN2 for_PRP his_DPS own_DT0 gain_NN1 ._SENT Bad_AJ0 guys_NN2 want_VVB to_TO0 take_VVI advantage_NN1 of_PRF innocent_AJ0 people_NN0 and_CJC have_VHB a_AT0 particular_AJ0 penchant_NN1 for_PRP hurting_VVG and_CJC killing_VVG police_NN2 officers_NN2 ._SENT During_PRP lunch_NN1 ,_PUN academy_NN1 instructors_NN2 reminisced_VVD about_PRP being_VBG young_AJ0 and_CJC eager_AJ0 to_TO0 "_PUQ catch_VVI bad_AJ0 guys_NN2 ._SENT "_PUQ During_PRP defensive_AJ0 tactics_NN2 training_NN1 ,_PUN instructors_NN2 called_VVD the_AT0 role_NN1 of_PRF the_AT0 person_NN1 being_VBG arrested_VVN "_PUQ the_AT0 bad_AJ0 guy_NN1 ._SENT "_PUQ In_PRP the_AT0 hallway_NN1 on_PRP the_AT0 way_NN1 to_PRP a_AT0 scenario_NN1 ,_PUN an_AT0 instructor_NN1 eagerly_AV0 asked_VVD the_AT0 cadets_NN2 ,_PUN "_PUQ Y'all_VVB ready_AJ0 to_TO0 shoot_VVI some_DT0 bad_AJ0 guys_NN2 ?_SENT "_PUQ This_DT0 "_PUQ bad_AJ0 guy_NN1 ,_PUN "_PUQ then_AV0 ,_PUN was_VBD referenced_VVN throughout_PRP training_NN1 ,_PUN in_PRP many_DT0 different_AJ0 contexts_NN2 ._SENT 
Starting_VVG on_PRP the_AT0 first_ORD day_NN1 of_PRF the_AT0 academy_NN1 ,_PUN instructors_NN2 told_VVD the_AT0 cadets_NN2 that_CJT they_PNP should_VM0 be_VBI afraid_AJ0 of_PRF bad_AJ0 guys_NN2 ,_PUN and_CJC that_CJT if_CJS they_PNP let_VVB their_DPS guards_NN2 down_AVP ,_PUN even_AV0 for_PRP one_CRD second_ORD ,_PUN they_PNP could_VM0 be_VBI killed_VVN ._SENT During_PRP introductions_NN2 on_PRP the_AT0 first_ORD day_NN1 of_PRF Hudson_NP0 PD_NP0 's_POS academy_NN1 ,_PUN the_AT0 command_NN1 staff_NN0 urged_VVD cadets_NN2 to_TO0 take_VVI the_AT0 training_NN1 seriously_AV0 ,_PUN and_CJC warned_VVD them_PNP that_CJT they_PNP might_VM0 be_VBI killed_VVN on_PRP duty_NN1 ._SENT In_PRP his_DPS introduction_NN1 ,_PUN Commander_NP0 Roger_NP0 Carson_NP0 ,_PUN a_AT0 tall_AJ0 ,_PUN white_AJ0 officer_NN1 with_PRP 36_CRD years_NN2 of_PRF law_NN1 enforcement_NN1 experience_NN1 ,_PUN told_VVD us_PNP that_CJT this_DT0 was_VBD "_PUQ Police_NN2 Memorial_NN1 Week_NN1 "_PUQ nationally_AV0 ,_PUN and_CJC that_DT0 today_AV0 ,_PUN the_AT0 department_NN1 would_VM0 "_PUQ honor_VVI our_DPS own_DT0 "_PUQ officers_NN2 ._SENT "_PUQ Seventy-four_CRD officers_NN2 have_VHB been_VBN killed_VVN on_PRP duty_NN1 in_PRP our_DPS department_NN1 's_POS history_NN1 ,_PUN "_PUQ he_PNP said_VVD ._SENT Portraits_NN2 of_PRF each_DT0 fallen_AJ0 officer_NN1 lined_VVD the_AT0 main_AJ0 hallway_NN1 of_PRF the_AT0 academy_NN1 ,_PUN and_CJC he_PNP ,_PUN along_AVP with_PRP other_AJ0 instructors_NN2 ,_PUN insisted_VVD that_CJT reading_VVG "_PUQ their_DPS stories_NN2 "_PUQ would_VM0 "_PUQ keep_VVI you_PNP [_PUL the_AT0 cadets_NN2 ]_PUR alive_AJ0 ._SENT "_PUQ The_AT0 "_PUQ wall_NN1 of_PRF honor_NN1 "_PUQ at_PRP each_DT0 academy_NN1 I_PNP visited_VVD was_VBD prominently_AV0 displayed_VVN and_CJC regarded_VVN with_PRP deep_AJ0 reverence_NN1 ._SENT At_PRP Hudson_NP0 PD_NP0 ,_PUN the_AT0 required_AJ0 chores_NN2 that_CJT cadets_NN2 completed_VVN included_VVD dusting_VVG the_AT0 74_CRD framed_AJ0 photos_NN2 of_PRF these_DT0 officers_NN2 daily_AV0 ._SENT 
The_AT0 instructors_NN2 brought_VVD these_DT0 verbal_AJ0 warnings_NN2 to_PRP life_NN1 by_PRP frequently_AV0 showing_VVG videos_NN2 of_PRF police_NN2 officers_NN2 being_VBG brutally_AV0 beaten_VVN and_CJC killed_VVN ._SENT The_AT0 1998_CRD video_NN1 of_PRF Deputy_NN1 Kyle_NP0 Dinkheller_NP0 's_POS murder_NN1 was_VBD shown_VVN at_PRP every_AT0 academy_NN1 I_PNP studied_VVD ._SENT The_AT0 dash_NN1 camera_NN1 footage_NN1 shows_VVZ Deputy_NP0 Dinkheller_NP0 ,_PUN a_AT0 young_AJ0 ,_PUN white_AJ0 man_NN1 ,_PUN pulling_VVG over_PRP Andrew_NP0 Brannan_NP0 ,_PUN a_AT0 middle-aged_AJ0 white_AJ0 man_NN1 ,_PUN for_PRP speeding_VVG ._SENT Brannan_NP0 gets_VVZ out_AVP of_PRF the_AT0 car_NN1 ,_PUN dances_VVZ around_AVP erratically_AV0 ,_PUN and_CJC repeatedly_AV0 verbally_AV0 threatens_VVZ the_AT0 deputy_NN1 ._SENT The_AT0 deputy_NN1 shouts_VVZ at_PRP Brannan_NP0 to_TO0 "_PUQ GET_VVI BACK_AVP !_SENT "_PUQ over_AVP and_CJC over_AVP again_AV0 ._SENT Brannan_NP0 returns_VVZ to_PRP his_DPS truck_NN1 and_CJC retrieves_VVZ a_AT0 rifle_NN1 ,_PUN all_AV0 while_CJS the_AT0 deputy_NN1 continues_VVZ to_TO0 scream_VVI "_PUQ GET_VVB BACK_AVP !_SENT "_PUQ "_PUQ GET_VVB OUT_AVP OF_PRF THE_AT0 CAR_NN1 !_SENT "_PUQ "_PUQ PUT_VVB THE_AT0 GUN_NN1 DOWN_AVP !_SENT "_PUQ Brannan_NP0 aims_VVZ his_DPS gun_NN1 at_PRP the_AT0 deputy_NN1 and_CJC shoots_VVZ several_DT0 times_NN2 ,_PUN while_CJS Dinkheller_NP0 attempts_VVZ to_TO0 return_VVI fire_NN1 ._SENT As_CJS Brannan_NP0 shoots_VVZ ,_PUN the_AT0 video_NN1 captures_VVZ Dinkheller_NP0 's_POS guttural_AJ0 ,_PUN panicked_AJ0 screams_NN2 and_CJC strained_AJ0 breathing_NN1 as_CJS he_PNP dies_VVZ at_PRP the_AT0 side_NN1 of_PRF his_DPS patrol_NN1 vehicle_NN1 ._SENT 
Kevin_NP0 ,_PUN a_AT0 white_AJ0 ,_PUN 48-year-old_AJ0 instructor_NN1 ,_PUN showed_VVD this_DT0 video_NN1 during_PRP the_AT0 de-escalation_NN1 class_NN1 at_PRP Terryville_NP0 PD_NP0 ._SENT He_PNP prefaced_VVD the_AT0 video_NN1 by_PRP clarifying_VVG that_CJT "_PUQ even_AV0 though_CJS we_PNP 're_VBB talking_VVG about_PRP de-escalation_NN1 today_AV0 ,_PUN I_PNP 'm_VBB not_XX0 watering_VVG down_AVP officer_NN1 safety_NN1 ._SENT Do_VDB not_XX0 drop_VVI your_DPS guard_NN1 ._SENT "_PUQ Kevin_NP0 acknowledged_VVD that_CJT the_AT0 cadets_NN2 had_VHD already_AV0 seen_VVN the_AT0 video_NN1 during_PRP the_AT0 academy_NN1 ,_PUN but_CJC explained_VVD that_CJT "_PUQ it_PNP 's_VBZ always_AV0 good_AJ0 to_TO0 watch_VVI these_DT0 videos_NN2 from_PRP time_NN1 to_PRP time_NN1 as_PRP a_AT0 reminder_NN1 ._SENT "_PUQ Hannah_NP0 ,_PUN a_AT0 white_AJ0 cadet_NN1 in_PRP her_DPS 20s_CRD ,_PUN sat_VVD next_ORD to_PRP me_PNP during_PRP this_DT0 instruction_NN1 ,_PUN and_CJC before_PRP the_AT0 video_NN1 started_VVD ,_PUN leaned_VVD over_AVP and_CJC solemnly_AV0 asked_VVD ,_PUN "_PUQ Have_VHB you_PNP seen_VVN this_DT0 one_PNI ?_SENT "_PUQ I_PNP grimaced_VVD and_CJC responded_VVD ,_PUN "_PUQ Yeah_ITJ ,_PUN I_PNP have_VHB ._SENT "_PUQ 
When_CJS the_AT0 video_NN1 ended_VVD ,_PUN everyone_PNI in_PRP the_AT0 room_NN1 remained_VVD silent_AJ0 as_PRP one_CRD of_PRF the_AT0 cadets_NN2 turned_VVD the_AT0 florescent_AJ0 lights_NN2 back_AVP on_PRP ._SENT Kevin_NP0 highlighted_VVD that_CJT Dinkheller_NP0 gave_VVD Brannan_NP0 30_CRD different_AJ0 commands_NN2 during_PRP the_AT0 interaction_NN1 ,_PUN with_PRP no_AT0 action_NN1 ,_PUN and_CJC chose_VVD the_AT0 wrong_AJ0 weapon_NN1 when_CJS he_PNP initially_AV0 pulled_VVD his_DPS baton_NN1 ._SENT Dinkheller_NP0 should_VM0 have_VHI had_VHN Brannan_NN1 at_PRP gunpoint_NN1 when_CJS he_PNP did_VDD not_XX0 comply_VVI with_PRP commands_NN2 and_CJC acted_VVD aggressively_AV0 ,_PUN Kevin_NP0 said_VVD ,_PUN going_VVG on_AVP to_TO0 insist_VVI that_CJT "_PUQ if_CJS you_PNP give_VVB a_AT0 command_NN1 and_CJC they_PNP do_VDB n't_XX0 comply_VVI ,_PUN you_PNP must_VM0 make_VVI them_PNP do_VDI it_PNP ._SENT There_EX0 has_VHZ to_TO0 be_VBI some_DT0 use_NN1 of_PRF force_NN1 ._SENT "_PUQ The_AT0 lesson_NN1 here_AV0 ,_PUN at_PRP Terryville_NP0 and_CJC at_PRP the_AT0 other_AJ0 academies_NN2 that_CJT showed_VVD this_DT0 video_NN1 ,_PUN was_VBD that_CJT any_DT0 stop_NN1 or_CJC interaction_NN1 could_VM0 be_VBI your_DPS last_ORD ._SENT These_DT0 videos_NN2 ,_PUN which_DTQ instructors_NN2 showed_VVD over_AVP and_CJC over_AVP again_AV0 ,_PUN forced_VVD cadets_NN2 to_TO0 watch_VVI as_PRP people_NN0 wearing_VVG uniforms_NN2 very_AV0 similar_AJ0 to_PRP theirs_PNP were_VBD killed_VVN ._SENT These_DT0 explicit_AJ0 ,_PUN violent_AJ0 videos_NN2 put_VVB meat_NN1 on_PRP the_AT0 bones_NN2 of_PRF the_AT0 instructors_NN2 '_POS verbal_AJ0 warnings_NN2 ,_PUN visually_AV0 showing_VVG that_CJT any_DT0 officer_NN1 ,_PUN at_PRP any_DT0 time_NN1 ,_PUN could_VM0 meet_VVI this_DT0 same_DT0 fate_NN1 ._SENT 
In_PRP addition_NN1 to_PRP the_AT0 dangers_NN2 involved_VVN in_PRP officers_NN2 '_POS everyday_AJ0 tasks_NN2 ,_PUN instructors_NN2 warned_VVD that_CJT now_AV0 ,_PUN more_AV0 than_CJS ever_AV0 ,_PUN police_NN2 officers_NN2 are_VBB being_VBG targeted_VVN ._SENT During_PRP one_CRD day_NN1 of_PRF field_NN1 work_NN1 ,_PUN Paul_NP0 ,_PUN a_AT0 47-year-old_AJ0 ,_PUN white_AJ0 instructor_NN1 at_PRP Rollingwood_NP0 PD_NP0 ,_PUN told_VVD me_PNP that_DT0 being_VBG a_AT0 police_NN2 officer_NN1 was_VBD more_AV0 dangerous_AJ0 than_CJS it_PNP had_VHD ever_AV0 been_VBN ._SENT I_PNP asked_VVD Paul_NP0 ,_PUN "_PUQ Do_VDB you_PNP think_VVI the_AT0 job_NN1 is_VBZ more_AV0 dangerous_AJ0 now_AV0 than_CJS it_PNP used_VVD to_TO0 be_VBI ?_SENT "_PUQ "_PUQ Yes_ITJ ,_PUN "_PUQ he_PNP said_VVD ,_PUN "_PUQ I_PNP think_VVB so_AV0 ._SENT "_PUQ "_PUQ Compared_VVN to_PRP when_AVQ ?_SENT "_PUQ I_PNP pressed_VVD ._SENT "_PUQ What_DTQ do_VDB you_PNP mean_VVI ?_SENT "_PUQ he_PNP asked_VVD ._SENT "_PUQ Well_AV0 ,_PUN "_PUQ I_PNP explained_VVD ,_PUN "_PUQ you_PNP 're_VBB saying_VVG policing_NN1 is_VBZ more_AV0 dangerous_AJ0 now_AV0 than_CJS it_PNP used_VVD to_TO0 be_VBI ._SENT When_AVQ was_VBD it_PNP less_AV0 dangerous_AJ0 ?_SENT "_PUQ He_PNP struggled_VVD through_PRP his_DPS response_NN1 ,_PUN and_CJC attempting_VVG to_TO0 clarify_VVI my_DPS reasoning_NN1 ,_PUN I_PNP said_VVD ,_PUN "_PUQ It_PNP seems_VVZ like_CJS there_EX0 was_VBD just_AV0 as_PRP much_DT0 ,_PUN if_CJS not_XX0 more_AV0 ,_PUN political_AJ0 unrest_NN1 in_PRP the_AT0 1960s_CRD ,_PUN which_DTQ included_VVD some_DT0 animosity_NN1 towards_PRP law_NN1 enforcement_NN1 ,_PUN right_AV0 ?_SENT "_PUQ "_PUQ True_AJ0 ,_PUN there_EX0 definitely_AV0 was_VBD ,_PUN "_PUQ he_PNP agreed_VVD ,_PUN "_PUQ but_CJC that_DT0 was_VBD a_AT0 movement_NN1 ,_PUN "_PUQ he_PNP explained_VVD ._SENT He_PNP elaborated_VVD ,_PUN "_PUQ It_PNP was_VBD n't_XX0 a_AT0 feeling_NN1 of_PRF hate_NN1 directed_VVN specifically_AV0 towards_PRP cops_NN2 ..._PUN cops_NN2 were_VBD n't_XX0 just_AV0 getting_VVG ambushed_VVN because_CJS people_NN0 hated_VVD them_PNP and_CJC wanted_VVD to_TO0 kill_VVI them_PNP ,_PUN like_CJS they_PNP are_VBB now_AV0 ._SENT "_PUQ 
This_DT0 sense_NN1 that_CJT police_NN2 officers_NN2 were_VBD being_VBG specifically_AV0 targeted_VVN also_AV0 came_VVD up_AVP during_PRP firearms_NN2 training_VVG at_PRP Terryville_NP0 PD_NP0 ._SENT While_CJS teaching_VVG about_PRP shooting_NN1 in_PRP low-light_AJ0 situations_NN2 ,_PUN Dylan_NP0 ,_PUN a_AT0 white_AJ0 instructor_NN1 in_PRP his_DPS 40s_CRD ,_PUN showed_VVD a_AT0 PowerPoint_NN1 slide_NN1 listing_VVG the_AT0 number_NN1 of_PRF police_NN2 officers_NN2 killed_VVD every_AT0 year_NN1 on_PRP duty_NN1 ,_PUN both_AV0 nationally_AV0 and_CJC in_PRP the_AT0 state_NN1 ._SENT Dylan_NP0 explained_VVD that_CJT although_CJS police_NN2 officers_NN2 have_VHB always_AV0 been_VBN killed_VVN on_PRP duty_NN1 ,_PUN it_PNP has_VHZ become_VVN far_AV0 more_AV0 prevalent_AJ0 for_PRP "_PUQ criminals_NN2 to_TO0 actively_AV0 hunt_VVI police_NN2 officers_NN2 ._SENT "_PUQ Dylan_NP0 warned_VVD that_CJT the_AT0 cadets_NN2 must_VM0 carry_VVI a_AT0 firearm_NN1 to_TO0 protect_VVI lives_NN2 ,_PUN and_CJC sometimes_AV0 to_TO0 take_VVI lives_NN2 in_PRP order_NN1 to_TO0 protect_VVI others_NN2 ._SENT Again_AV0 ,_PUN the_AT0 instructor_NN1 's_POS warning_NN1 was_VBD focused_VVN on_PRP the_AT0 unpredictability_NN1 and_CJC severity_NN1 of_PRF potential_AJ0 danger_NN1 and_CJC the_AT0 resulting_AJ0 necessity_NN1 of_PRF mastering_VVG violence_NN1 ._SENT 
Cadets_NN2 were_VBD taught_VVN that_CJT not_XX0 only_AV0 do_VDI bad_AJ0 guys_NN2 take_VVB advantage_NN1 of_PRF ,_PUN harm_NN1 ,_PUN and_CJC kill_VVB good_AJ0 people_NN0 ,_PUN but_CJC they_PNP also_AV0 have_VHB a_AT0 particular_AJ0 interest_NN1 in_PRP hurting_VVG and_CJC killing_VVG police_NN2 officers_NN2 ._SENT Instructors_NN2 repeatedly_AV0 told_VVN stories_NN2 of_PRF police_NN2 officers_NN2 who_PNQ were_VBD killed_VVN on_PRP duty_NN1 ,_PUN warned_VVD cadets_NN2 about_PRP the_AT0 possibility_NN1 of_PRF their_DPS violent_AJ0 deaths_NN2 ,_PUN and_CJC showed_VVD graphic_AJ0 videos_NN2 of_PRF police_NN2 officers_NN2 being_VBG killed_VVN ._SENT Instructors_NN2 emphasized_VVD that_CJT policing_NN1 was_VBD more_AV0 dangerous_AJ0 now_AV0 than_CJS ever_AV0 before_CJS ,_PUN and_CJC that_DT0 increasingly_AV0 ,_PUN officers_NN2 were_VBD being_VBG killed_VVN in_PRP targeted_AJ0 ambushes_NN2 ._SENT This_DT0 "_PUQ bad_AJ0 guy_NN1 "_PUQ discourse_NN1 is_VBZ certainly_AV0 not_XX0 exclusive_AJ0 to_PRP policing_NN1 circles_NN2 ._SENT Scholars_NN2 have_VHB demonstrated_VVN that_CJT the_AT0 "_PUQ bad_AJ0 guy_NN1 "_PUQ construct_NN1 –_PUN in_PRP a_AT0 range_NN1 of_PRF contexts_NN2 ,_PUN including_PRP civilian_AJ0 firearms_NN2 training_NN1 ,_PUN in_PRP war_NN1 ,_PUN and_CJC in_PRP gangs_NN2 –_PUN is_VBZ often_AV0 deployed_VVN to_TO0 justify_VVI violent_AJ0 behavior_NN1 (_PUL Carlson_NP0 2015_CRD ;_PUN Contreras_NP0 2012_CRD ;_PUN Shapira_NP0 and_CJC Simon_NP0 2018_CRD ;_PUN Stroud_NP0 2015_CRD )_PUR ._SENT At_PRP the_AT0 academy_NN1 ,_PUN these_DT0 messages_NN2 taught_VVD cadets_NN2 to_TO0 be_VBI intensely_AV0 afraid_AJ0 of_PRF the_AT0 "_PUQ bad_AJ0 guys_NN2 ,_PUN "_PUQ who_PNQ are_VBB malicious_AJ0 ,_PUN ruthless_AJ0 ,_PUN and_CJC violent_AJ0 ._SENT This_DT0 discursive_AJ0 binary_NN1 has_VHZ major_AJ0 implications_NN2 ._SENT For_PRP example_NN1 ,_PUN police_NN2 officers_NN2 sometimes_AV0 justify_VVB their_DPS decision_NN1 to_TO0 use_VVI deadly_AJ0 force_NN1 by_PRP explaining_VVG that_CJT the_AT0 person_NN1 deserved_VVD it_PNP (_PUL Waegel_NP0 1984_CRD )_PUR ._SENT Establishing_VVG this_DT0 bad_AJ0 guy_NN1 ,_PUN then_AV0 ,_PUN created_VVD an_AT0 enemy_NN1 and_CJC a_AT0 justification_NN1 to_TO0 use_VVI violence_NN1 to_TO0 defeat_VVI this_DT0 enemy_NN1 ._SENT 
Profiling_VVG Bad_AJ0 Guys_NN2 
Although_CJS academy_NN1 instructors_NN2 warned_VVD that_CJT any_DT0 interaction_NN1 could_VM0 be_VBI dangerous_AJ0 and_CJC that_CJT an_AT0 ambush_NN1 could_VM0 happen_VVI at_PRP any_DT0 moment_NN1 ,_PUN they_PNP did_VDD not_XX0 express_VVI an_AT0 equal_AJ0 fear_NN1 of_PRF everyone_PNI ._SENT Instructors_NN2 taught_VVD cadets_NN2 who_PNQ to_PRP fear_NN1 and_CJC how_AVQ to_TO0 identify_VVI dangerous_AJ0 people_NN0 and_CJC situations_NN2 ,_PUN insisting_VVG that_CJT cadets_NN2 learn_VVB how_AVQ to_TO0 identify_VVI bad_AJ0 guys_NN2 by_PRP profiling_VVG behavior_NN1 and_CJC appearance_NN1 ._SENT This_DT0 lesson_NN1 taught_VVN cadets_NN2 what_DTQ bad_AJ0 guys_NN2 look_VVB like_PRP ,_PUN what_DTQ kind_NN1 of_PRF clothing_NN1 they_PNP wear_VVB ,_PUN what_DTQ kinds_NN2 of_PRF cars_NN2 they_PNP drive_VVB ,_PUN and_CJC how_AVQ they_PNP move_VVB their_DPS bodies_NN2 when_CJS they_PNP are_VBB going_VVG to_TO0 initiate_VVI an_AT0 attack_NN1 ._SENT All_DT0 of_PRF these_DT0 indicators_NN2 were_VBD gendered_VVN and_CJC racialized_VVN in_PRP important_AJ0 ways_NN2 ._SENT 
Cadets_NN2 were_VBD taught_VVN to_TO0 identify_VVI body_NN1 movements_NN2 and_CJC behavior_NN1 that_CJT were_VBD considered_VVN suspicious_AJ0 and_CJC /_PUN or_CJC dangerous_AJ0 ._SENT Officers_NN2 were_VBD most_AV0 concerned_AJ0 with_PRP hand_NN1 placement_NN1 and_CJC what_DTQ were_VBD called_VVN "_PUQ pre-attack_AJ0 indicators_NN2 ,_PUN "_PUQ which_DTQ signaled_VVD that_CJT someone_PNI was_VBD going_VVG to_TO0 initiate_VVI a_AT0 physical_AJ0 attack_NN1 ._SENT In_PRP the_AT0 de-escalation_NN1 class_NN1 at_PRP Terryville_NP0 PD_NP0 ,_PUN Kevin_NP0 told_VVD the_AT0 class_NN1 that_CJT someone_PNI 's_POS use_NN1 of_PRF space_NN1 and_CJC hand_NN1 placement_NN1 indicates_VVZ whether_CJS they_PNP are_VBB hiding_VVG something_PNI ,_PUN especially_AV0 weapons_NN2 or_CJC drugs_NN2 ._SENT Kevin_NP0 explained_VVD that_CJT if_CJS a_AT0 person_NN1 walks_VVZ away_AV0 from_PRP him_PNP as_CJS soon_AV0 as_CJS he_PNP arrives_VVZ at_PRP a_AT0 scene_NN1 ,_PUN this_DT0 means_VVZ they_PNP do_VDB not_XX0 want_VVI to_TO0 be_VBI around_PRP him_PNP ,_PUN and_CJC ,_PUN thus_AV0 ,_PUN are_VBB probably_AV0 hiding_VVG something_PNI ._SENT To_TO0 illustrate_VVI ,_PUN he_PNP asked_VVD two_CRD cadets_NN2 to_TO0 come_VVI to_PRP the_AT0 front_NN1 of_PRF the_AT0 class_NN1 and_CJC approach_VVB him_PNP from_PRP either_DT0 side_NN1 ._SENT Kevin_NP0 turned_VVD his_DPS body_NN1 so_CJS he_PNP was_VBD positioned_VVN perpendicular_AJ0 to_PRP the_AT0 two_CRD cadets_NN2 ,_PUN and_CJC placed_VVD his_DPS hand_NN1 over_PRP his_DPS pocket_NN1 ._SENT "_PUQ This_DT0 could_VM0 tell_VVI us_PNP something_PNI ,_PUN "_PUQ he_PNP said_VVD ,_PUN referencing_VVG his_DPS hand_NN1 placement_NN1 ._SENT This_DT0 emphasis_NN1 on_PRP hand_NN1 placement_NN1 was_VBD ubiquitous_AJ0 and_CJC repeatedly_AV0 invoked_VVN in_PRP warnings_NN2 about_PRP officer_NN1 safety_NN1 ._SENT Importantly_AV0 ,_PUN these_DT0 ways_NN2 of_PRF seeing_VVG indicators_NN2 of_PRF threat_NN1 or_CJC guilt_NN1 excluded_VVN other_AJ0 possible_AJ0 explanations_NN2 ,_PUN such_DT0 as_PRP distrust_NN1 or_CJC fear_NN1 of_PRF the_AT0 police_NN2 ._SENT The_AT0 emphasis_NN1 on_PRP threat_NN1 eliminated_VVN other_AJ0 ways_NN2 of_PRF understanding_VVG and_CJC interpreting_VVG behavior_NN1 that_CJT would_VM0 perhaps_AV0 not_XX0 warrant_VVI a_AT0 physical_AJ0 ,_PUN and_CJC often_AV0 violent_AJ0 ,_PUN response_NN1 by_PRP police_NN2 officers_NN2 ._SENT 
Instructors_NN2 also_AV0 warned_VVN cadets_NN2 to_TO0 watch_VVI for_PRP indicators_NN2 that_CJT someone_PNI was_VBD going_VVG to_TO0 attack_VVI them_PNP ._SENT Instructors_NN2 explained_VVD that_CJT if_CJS someone_PNI swings_VVZ their_DPS arms_NN2 back_AVP and_CJC forth_AV0 in_PRP front_NN1 of_PRF their_DPS chest_NN1 ,_PUN tosses_VVZ their_DPS head_NN1 from_PRP side_NN1 to_PRP side_NN1 ,_PUN jumps_VVZ up_AVP and_CJC down_AVP ,_PUN or_CJC especially_AV0 ,_PUN announces_VVZ ,_PUN "_PUQ I_PNP 'm_VBB not_XX0 going_VVG to_TO0 jail_VVI ,_PUN "_PUQ they_PNP are_VBB probably_AV0 going_VVG to_TO0 throw_VVI a_AT0 punch_NN1 or_CJC try_VVB to_TO0 run_VVI away_AV0 ._SENT Instructors_NN2 emphasized_VVD the_AT0 ability_NN1 to_TO0 discern_VVI intention_NN1 –_PUN whether_CJS it_PNP was_VBD lying_VVG ,_PUN hiding_VVG something_PNI ,_PUN or_CJC initiating_AJ0 violence_NN1 –_PUN from_PRP the_AT0 body_NN1 ,_PUN and_CJC encouraged_VVD cadets_NN2 to_TO0 always_AV0 trust_VVI their_DPS gut_NN1 ._SENT Kevin_NP0 told_VVD the_AT0 class_NN1 that_CJT they_PNP should_VM0 "_PUQ always_AV0 listen_VVB to_PRP your_DPS hunches_NN2 ,_PUN "_PUQ adding_VVG ,_PUN "_PUQ if_CJS your_DPS subconscious_NN1 is_VBZ telling_VVG you_PNP that_CJT someone_PNI needs_VVZ to_TO0 go_VVI into_PRP cuffs_NN2 ,_PUN you_PNP need_VVB to_TO0 put_VVI them_PNP in_PRP cuffs_NN2 ._SENT "_PUQ "_PUQ Maybe_AV0 the_AT0 guy_NN1 in_PRP front_NN1 of_PRF you_PNP has_VHZ a_AT0 bad_AJ0 leg_NN1 ,_PUN "_PUQ Kevin_NP0 said_VVD ,_PUN "_PUQ and_CJC that_DT0 's_VBZ why_AVQ he_PNP 's_VBZ walking_VVG strangely_AV0 ._SENT Or_CJC ,_PUN maybe_AV0 he_PNP has_VHZ a_AT0 gun_NN1 and_CJC he_PNP 's_VBZ going_VVG to_TO0 shoot_VVI a_AT0 cop_NN1 so_AV0 that_CJT he_PNP does_VDZ n't_XX0 have_VHI to_TO0 go_VVI back_AVP to_TO0 jail_VVI ._SENT Do_VDB not_XX0 ever_AV0 question_VVI your_DPS instinct_NN1 ,_PUN because_CJS it_PNP 's_VBZ what_DTQ will_VM0 keep_VVI you_PNP alive_AJ0 ._SENT "_PUQ Cadets_NN2 were_VBD taught_VVN that_CJT their_DPS lives_NN2 depended_VVD on_PRP their_DPS ability_NN1 to_TO0 discern_VVI intention_NN1 from_PRP body_NN1 language_NN1 ,_PUN and_CJC to_TO0 always_AV0 err_VVI on_PRP the_AT0 side_NN1 of_PRF caution_NN1 ._SENT 
Who_PNQ was_VBD considered_VVN to_TO0 be_VBI suspicious_AJ0 or_CJC dangerous_AJ0 depended_VVN on_PRP their_DPS race_NN1 and_CJC gender_NN1 ._SENT The_AT0 instructors_NN2 officially_AV0 told_VVD cadets_NN2 that_CJT they_PNP should_VM0 never_AV0 racially_AV0 profile_NN1 ._SENT During_PRP a_AT0 lecture_NN1 on_PRP the_AT0 criminal_AJ0 code_NN1 of_PRF procedures_NN2 at_PRP Terryville_NP0 's_POS academy_NN1 ,_PUN for_PRP example_NN1 ,_PUN Sabrina_NP0 ,_PUN a_AT0 white_AJ0 instructor_NN1 in_PRP her_DPS 30s_CRD ,_PUN somewhat_AV0 derisively_AV0 asked_VVN the_AT0 class_NN1 ,_PUN "_PUQ Can_VM0 we_PNP racially_AV0 profile_VVB ?_SENT "_PUQ An_AT0 exaggerated_AJ0 and_CJC obvious_AJ0 "_PUQ no_ITJ "_PUQ filled_VVD the_AT0 room_NN1 ._SENT "_PUQ No_ITJ ,_PUN "_PUQ Sabrina_NP0 confirmed_VVD ,_PUN "_PUQ do_VDB n't_XX0 do_VDI it_PNP ._SENT "_PUQ The_AT0 instructors_NN2 did_VDD ,_PUN however_AV0 ,_PUN encourage_VVB cadets_NN2 to_PRP profile_NN1 "_PUQ criminality_NN1 ._SENT "_PUQ 
