5._CRD Divine_AJ0 Perfection_NN1 and_CJC Goodness_NN1 
So_AV0 ,_PUN is_VBZ God_NP0 good_AJ0 at_PRP all_DT0 if_CJS he_PNP is_VBZ not_XX0 morally_AV0 good_AJ0 ?_SENT Classical_AJ0 theists_NN2 not_XX0 only_AV0 answer_VVI with_PRP a_AT0 resounding_AJ0 yes_ITJ ,_PUN but_CJC they_PNP also_AV0 say_VVB God_NP0 is_VBZ good_AJ0 in_PRP a_AT0 perfect_AJ0 and_CJC unlimited_AJ0 way_NN1 ,_PUN and_CJC he_PNP is_VBZ the_AT0 only_AJ0 being_NN1 to_TO0 be_VBI so_AV0 ._SENT Regarding_PRP his_DPS perfection_NN1 ,_PUN Aquinas_NP0 says_VVZ "_PUQ the_AT0 first_ORD active_AJ0 principle_NN1 must_VM0 needs_NN2 be_VBI most_AV0 actual_AJ0 ,_PUN and_CJC therefore_AV0 most_AV0 perfect_AJ0 ;_PUN for_PRP a_AT0 thing_NN1 is_VBZ perfect_AJ0 in_PRP proportion_NN1 to_PRP its_DPS state_NN1 of_PRF actuality_NN1 ,_PUN because_CJS we_PNP call_VVB that_DT0 perfect_AJ0 which_DTQ lacks_VVZ nothing_PNI of_PRF the_AT0 mode_NN1 of_PRF its_DPS perfection_NN1 ._SENT "_PUQ In_PRP other_AJ0 words_NN2 ,_PUN a_AT0 thing_NN1 can_VM0 be_VBI perfected_VVN or_CJC perfect_AJ0 if_CJS it_PNP has_VHZ the_AT0 potential_NN1 to_TO0 be_VBI so_AV0 ;_PUN however_AV0 ,_PUN if_CJS that_DT0 potential_NN1 has_VHZ been_VBN fully_AV0 realized_VVN ,_PUN then_AV0 that_CJT being_NN1 is_VBZ perfect_AJ0 ._SENT There_EX0 is_VBZ no_AT0 more_DT0 room_NN1 or_CJC potential_NN1 for_PRP betterment_NN1 or_CJC perfection_NN1 ._SENT However_AV0 ,_PUN Aquinas_NP0 argues_VVZ that_CJT God_NP0 has_VHZ not_XX0 realized_VVN his_DPS potential_NN1 ,_PUN but_CJC has_VHZ no_AT0 potential_NN1 since_CJS he_PNP is_VBZ a_AT0 being_NN1 of_PRF Pure_AJ0 Act_NN1 ._SENT Thus_AV0 ,_PUN he_PNP is_VBZ inherently_AV0 perfect_AJ0 ._SENT This_DT0 perfection_NN1 is_VBZ a_AT0 metaphysical_AJ0 one_PNI ,_PUN having_VHG to_TO0 do_VDI with_PRP being_NN1 or_CJC existence_NN1 ._SENT So_AV0 ,_PUN according_VVG to_PRP Aquinas_NP0 ,_PUN God_NP0 is_VBZ perfect_AJ0 ,_PUN but_CJC is_VBZ he_PNP good_AJ0 ?_SENT He_PNP first_ORD discusses_VVZ the_AT0 notion_NN1 of_PRF goodness_NN1 in_PRP general_AJ0 and_CJC then_AV0 applies_VVZ that_CJT notion_NN1 to_PRP God_NP0 ._SENT 
First_ORD ,_PUN Aquinas_NP0 explains_VVZ the_AT0 relationship_NN1 between_PRP goodness_NN1 and_CJC being_NN1 ._SENT According_VVG to_PRP him_PNP ,_PUN they_PNP are_VBB really_AV0 the_AT0 same_DT0 ,_PUN but_CJC differ_VVB in_PRP how_AVQ they_PNP are_VBB thought_VVN ._SENT Quoting_VVG Aristotle_NP0 (_PUL Ethics_NN0 i_CRD )_PUR ,_PUN Aquinas_NP0 says_VVZ that_CJT goodness_NN1 is_VBZ what_DTQ is_VBZ desirable_AJ0 to_PRP all_DT0 ._SENT A_AT0 thing_NN1 ,_PUN he_PNP says_VVZ ,_PUN is_VBZ desirable_AJ0 if_CJS it_PNP is_VBZ perfect_AJ0 ,_PUN and_CJC perfect_AJ0 if_CJS it_PNP is_VBZ actual_AJ0 ._SENT So_AV0 ,_PUN a_AT0 thing_NN1 is_VBZ more_AV0 perfect_AJ0 the_AT0 more_AV0 it_PNP is_VBZ actual_AJ0 ._SENT "_PUQ Therefore_AV0 ,_PUN "_PUQ he_PNP says_VVZ ,_PUN "_PUQ it_PNP is_VBZ clear_AJ0 that_CJT a_AT0 thing_NN1 is_VBZ perfect_AJ0 so_CJS far_AV0 as_CJS it_PNP exists_VVZ ;_PUN for_CJS it_PNP is_VBZ existence_NN1 that_CJT makes_VVZ all_DT0 things_NN2 actual_AJ0 ..._PUN Hence_AV0 it_PNP is_VBZ clear_AJ0 that_CJT goodness_NN1 and_CJC being_NN1 are_VBB the_AT0 same_DT0 really_AV0 ._SENT But_CJC goodness_NN1 presents_VVZ the_AT0 aspect_NN1 of_PRF desirableness_NN1 ,_PUN which_DTQ being_NN1 does_VDZ not_XX0 present_VVI ._SENT "_PUQ In_PRP this_DT0 sense_NN1 ,_PUN being_VBG ,_PUN or_CJC existence_NN1 ,_PUN is_VBZ the_AT0 same_DT0 as_CJS goodness_NN1 and_CJC are_VBB only_AV0 different_AJ0 in_PRP the_AT0 aspect_NN1 of_PRF desirability_NN1 ._SENT 
Regarding_PRP the_AT0 goodness_NN1 of_PRF God_NP0 ,_PUN since_CJS all_DT0 things_NN2 seek_VVB their_DPS own_DT0 perfection_NN1 ,_PUN and_CJC since_CJS a_AT0 thing_NN1 's_POS perfection_NN1 is_VBZ somehow_AV0 first_ORD in_PRP the_AT0 efficient_AJ0 cause_NN1 (_PUL God_NP0 )_PUR ,_PUN the_AT0 agent_NN1 is_VBZ also_AV0 desirable_AJ0 ,_PUN having_VHG fullness_NN1 of_PRF being_NN1 and_CJC perfection_NN1 ._SENT Thus_AV0 ,_PUN God_NP0 is_VBZ good_AJ0 ._SENT This_DT0 does_VDZ not_XX0 in_PRP any_DT0 way_NN1 say_VVB that_CJT God_NP0 is_VBZ morally_AV0 good_AJ0 ;_PUN this_DT0 speaks_VVZ to_PRP a_AT0 metaphysical_AJ0 notion_NN1 of_PRF goodness_NN1 that_DT0 is_VBZ tied_VVN to_PRP being_VBG ._SENT 
This_DT0 notion_NN1 of_PRF goodness_NN1 can_VM0 be_VBI compared_VVN to_PRP the_AT0 typical_AJ0 medieval_AJ0 view_NN1 of_PRF evil_NN1 —_PUN one_PNI still_AV0 in_PRP vogue_NN1 today_AV0 in_PRP many_DT0 circles_NN2 ._SENT Augustine_NP0 and_CJC Aquinas_NP0 after_PRP him_PNP ,_PUN argued_VVD that_CJT evil_NN1 is_VBZ not_XX0 a_AT0 thing_NN1 in_PRP itself_PNX ,_PUN but_CJC a_AT0 corruption_NN1 of_PRF good_NN1 ._SENT If_CJS being_NN1 and_CJC actuality_NN1 are_VBB good_AJ0 ,_PUN then_AV0 evil_AJ0 cannot_NN1 be_VBI a_AT0 being_NN1 or_CJC an_AT0 actuality_NN1 ,_PUN or_CJC it_PNP would_VM0 be_VBI good_AJ0 ._SENT However_AV0 ,_PUN that_DT0 would_VM0 be_VBI a_AT0 contradiction_NN1 ._SENT Hence_AV0 ,_PUN evil_NN1 is_VBZ not_XX0 a_AT0 thing_NN1 in_PRP itself_PNX ,_PUN but_CJC a_AT0 corruption_NN1 of_PRF a_AT0 thing_NN1 ._SENT In_PRP other_AJ0 words_NN2 ,_PUN it_PNP is_VBZ a_AT0 reversal_NN1 of_PRF a_AT0 thing_NN1 's_POS goodness_NN1 or_CJC perfection_NN1 ._SENT Thus_AV0 ,_PUN goodness_NN1 is_VBZ equitable_AJ0 to_PRP being_NN1 and_CJC evil_NN1 is_VBZ simply_AV0 a_AT0 corruption_NN1 of_PRF that_DT0 being_NN1 ,_PUN not_XX0 a_AT0 being_NN1 in_PRP itself_PNX ._SENT 
6._CRD Moral_AJ0 Virtues_NN2 and_CJC the_AT0 Divine_AJ0 Essence_NN1 
Is_VBZ there_EX0 any_DT0 way_NN1 that_CJT moral_AJ0 virtue_NN1 can_VM0 be_VBI ascribed_VVN to_PRP God_NP0 ?_SENT The_AT0 answer_NN1 is_VBZ ,_PUN "_PUQ in_PRP a_AT0 way_NN1 "_PUQ ._SENT That_DT0 is_VBZ ,_PUN analogously_AV0 ._SENT Aquinas_NP0 states_VVZ that_CJT it_PNP is_VBZ proper_AJ0 to_TO0 call_VVI God_NP0 "_PUQ just_AV0 "_PUQ ,_PUN "_PUQ merciful_AJ0 "_PUQ ,_PUN and_CJC the_AT0 like_AV0 ._SENT (_PUL It_PNP would_VM0 be_VBI hard_AJ0 to_TO0 deny_VVI that_CJT since_CJS the_AT0 Scriptures_NN2 do_VDB so_AV0 ._SENT )_PUR Yet_AV0 ,_PUN in_PRP what_DTQ way_NN1 can_VM0 this_DT0 be_VBI done_VDN and_CJC does_VDZ that_DT0 not_XX0 invalidate_VVI what_DTQ has_VHZ been_VBN said_VVN ?_SENT 
Aquinas_NP0 says_VVZ that_CJT since_CJS God_NP0 is_VBZ perfect_AJ0 and_CJC good_AJ0 ,_PUN and_CJC since_CJS he_PNP is_VBZ the_AT0 efficient_AJ0 cause_NN1 of_PRF all_DT0 that_DT0 exists_VVZ (_PUL besides_AV0 himself_PNX )_PUR ,_PUN then_AV0 there_EX0 is_VBZ some_DT0 way_NN1 in_PRP which_DTQ all_DT0 effects_NN2 reside_VVB in_PRP him_PNP ._SENT Since_CJS virtues_NN2 are_VBB found_VVN in_PRP God_NP0 's_POS effects_NN2 ,_PUN then_AV0 there_EX0 must_VM0 be_VBI a_AT0 way_NN1 in_PRP which_DTQ such_DT0 virtues_NN2 pre-exist_VVB in_PRP God_NP0 as_PRP their_DPS cause_NN1 ._SENT Aquinas_NP0 is_VBZ quick_AJ0 to_TO0 point_VVI out_AVP that_CJT whatever_DTQ this_DT0 means_NN0 has_VHZ to_PRP first_ORD be_VBI understood_VVN in_PRP light_NN1 of_PRF what_DTQ he_PNP has_VHZ said_VVN before_AV0 about_PRP God_NP0 's_POS nature_NN1 ,_PUN viz._AV0 ,_PUN that_CJT he_PNP is_VBZ simple_AJ0 ._SENT Thus_AV0 ,_PUN in_PRP whatever_DTQ way_NN1 he_PNP contains_VVZ virtue_NN1 is_VBZ not_XX0 in_PRP the_AT0 same_DT0 way_NN1 as_CJS man_NN1 does_VDZ ,_PUN for_PRP man_NN1 is_VBZ virtuous_AJ0 through_PRP habits_NN2 and_CJC becoming_VVG virtuous_AJ0 ,_PUN while_CJS whatever_DTQ God_NP0 "_PUQ has_VHZ "_PUQ he_PNP simply_AV0 is_VBZ essentially_AV0 ._SENT 
God_NP0 ,_PUN Aquinas_NP0 says_VVZ ,_PUN can_VM0 be_VBI said_VVN to_TO0 be_VBI just_AV0 ._SENT However_AV0 ,_PUN he_PNP cannot_NN1 be_VBI just_AV0 in_PRP every_AT0 respect_NN1 ,_PUN for_PRP commutative_AJ0 justice_NN1 is_VBZ where_AVQ things_NN2 are_VBB exchanged_VVN between_PRP persons_NN2 ,_PUN such_DT0 as_CJS in_PRP a_AT0 business_NN1 transaction_NN1 ._SENT As_CJS such_DT0 requires_VVZ a_AT0 debt_NN1 and_CJC since_CJS God_NP0 does_VDZ not_XX0 owe_VVI a_AT0 debt_NN1 ,_PUN he_PNP cannot_NN1 be_VBI just_AV0 in_PRP this_DT0 way_NN1 ._SENT He_PNP can_VM0 be_VBI said_VVN to_TO0 be_VBI just_AV0 in_PRP another_DT0 way_NN1 ,_PUN viz._AV0 ,_PUN by_PRP distributive_AJ0 justice_NN1 ._SENT Such_DT0 justice_NN1 is_VBZ when_CJS someone_PNI provides_VVZ for_PRP others_NN2 what_DTQ they_PNP deserve_VVB ._SENT This_DT0 is_VBZ not_XX0 meant_VVN to_TO0 be_VBI seen_VVN as_PRP a_AT0 debt_NN1 since_CJS it_PNP is_VBZ clearly_AV0 contrasted_VVN with_PRP commutative_AJ0 justice_NN1 ;_PUN rather_AV0 ,_PUN it_PNP is_VBZ seen_VVN between_PRP rulers_NN2 and_CJC the_AT0 ruled_AJ0 ,_PUN and_CJC between_PRP a_AT0 parent_NN1 and_CJC his_DPS children_NN2 ._SENT Aquinas_NP0 has_VHZ in_PRP mind_NN1 the_AT0 entire_AJ0 ordering_NN1 "_PUQ of_PRF the_AT0 universe_NN1 "_PUQ as_PRP God_NP0 's_POS effects_NN2 ,_PUN "_PUQ both_AV0 in_PRP effects_NN2 of_PRF nature_NN1 and_CJC effects_NN2 of_PRF will_NN1 "_PUQ which_DTQ "_PUQ shows_VVZ forth_AV0 the_AT0 justice_NN1 of_PRF God_NP0 "_PUQ ._SENT Of_PRF this_DT0 type_NN1 of_PRF justice_NN1 ,_PUN Reginald_NP0 Garrigou-Lagrange_NP0 states_VVZ ,_PUN "_PUQ Experience_NN1 clearly_AV0 shows_VVZ that_CJT God_NP0 distributes_VVZ to_PRP all_DT0 creatures_NN2 what_DTQ is_VBZ necessary_AJ0 so_AV0 that_CJT they_PNP can_VM0 attain_VVI their_DPS end_NN1 ,_PUN although_CJS all_DT0 do_VDB not_XX0 actually_AV0 do_VDI so_AV0 ._SENT "_PUQ In_PRP other_AJ0 words_NN2 ,_PUN since_CJS God_NP0 created_VVD ,_PUN he_PNP gave_VVD his_DPS creatures_NN2 what_DTQ they_PNP needed_VVD per_PRP their_DPS natures_NN2 to_TO0 attain_VVI their_DPS final_AJ0 cause_NN1 ,_PUN or_CJC their_DPS ultimate_AJ0 goal_NN1 (_PUL which_DTQ for_PRP humans_NN2 is_VBZ ultimately_AV0 God_NP0 himself_PNX )_PUR ._SENT 
God_NP0 is_VBZ under_PRP no_AT0 obligation_NN1 to_TO0 create_VVI or_CJC to_TO0 create_VVI certain_AJ0 things_NN2 ;_PUN however_AV0 ,_PUN since_CJS he_PNP did_VDD ,_PUN he_PNP created_VVD his_DPS effects_NN2 to_TO0 have_VHI certain_AJ0 natures_NN2 and_CJC gave_VVD them_PNP what_DTQ they_PNP needed_VVD to_TO0 be_VBI what_DTQ they_PNP are_VBB ._SENT This_DT0 is_VBZ a_AT0 distinction_NN1 that_CJT Aquinas_NP0 makes_VVZ in_PRP the_AT0 context_NN1 of_PRF God_NP0 's_POS will_NN1 ._SENT Aquinas_NP0 is_VBZ here_AV0 answering_VVG the_AT0 question_NN1 as_CJS to_PRP whether_CJS what_DTQ God_NP0 wills_VVZ he_PNP must_VM0 will_VM0 necessarily_AV0 ._SENT His_DPS answer_NN1 lies_VVZ in_PRP a_AT0 distinction_NN1 between_PRP absolute_AJ0 necessity_NN1 and_CJC suppositional_AJ0 necessity_NN1 ._SENT The_AT0 former_DT0 is_VBZ what_DTQ must_VM0 be_VBI willed_VVN either_AV0 by_PRP definition_NN1 (_PUL such_DT0 as_PRP analytic_AJ0 statements_NN2 )_PUR ,_PUN or_CJC God_NP0 willing_AJ0 himself_PNX or_CJC his_DPS own_DT0 goodness_NN1 ._SENT Anything_PNI else_AV0 is_VBZ willed_VVN suppositionally_AV0 ._SENT In_PRP other_AJ0 words_NN2 ,_PUN he_PNP does_VDZ not_XX0 have_VHI to_PRP will_NN1 x_ZZ0 ,_PUN but_CJC supposing_VVG that_CJT he_PNP wills_VVZ x_ZZ0 ,_PUN then_AV0 he_PNP wills_VVZ it_PNP necessarily_AV0 (_PUL in_PRP a_AT0 suppositional_AJ0 way_NN1 )_PUR ._SENT This_DT0 is_VBZ because_CJS ,_PUN per_PRP simplicity_NN1 ,_PUN the_AT0 divine_AJ0 will_NN1 is_VBZ not_XX0 distinct_AJ0 from_PRP the_AT0 divine_AJ0 essence_NN1 ._SENT Thus_AV0 ,_PUN it_PNP is_VBZ eternal_AJ0 and_CJC necessary_AJ0 ._SENT However_AV0 ,_PUN God_NP0 's_POS will_NN1 is_VBZ free_AJ0 in_PRP that_CJT he_PNP did_VDD not_XX0 have_VHI to_TO0 create_VVI anything_PNI ,_PUN but_CJC supposing_VVG that_CJT he_PNP did_VDD ,_PUN he_PNP did_VDD so_AV0 eternally_AV0 and_CJC necessarily_AV0 since_CJS there_EX0 is_VBZ no_AT0 contingency_NN1 in_PRP his_DPS being_NN1 ._SENT Since_CJS he_PNP did_VDD not_XX0 have_VHI to_TO0 will_NN1 ,_PUN but_CJC rather_AV0 did_VDD so_AV0 freely_AV0 ,_PUN Aquinas_NP0 says_VVZ that_CJT he_PNP did_VDD so_AV0 suppositionally_AV0 ._SENT 
The_AT0 point_NN1 of_PRF this_DT0 distinction_NN1 as_CJS applied_VVN here_AV0 is_VBZ that_CJT God_NP0 is_VBZ under_PRP no_AT0 obligation_NN1 to_TO0 create_VVI or_CJC to_TO0 create_VVI certain_AJ0 things_NN2 ._SENT However_AV0 ,_PUN since_CJS he_PNP did_VDD ,_PUN he_PNP also_AV0 justly_AV0 willed_VVN that_CJT they_PNP have_VHB certain_AJ0 natures_NN2 and_CJC ways_NN2 of_PRF fulfilling_VVG those_DT0 natures_NN2 ._SENT This_DT0 is_VBZ what_DTQ Aquinas_NP0 has_VHZ in_PRP mind_NN1 regarding_PRP distributive_AJ0 justice_NN1 ._SENT He_PNP had_VHD no_AT0 obligation_NN1 to_TO0 create_VVI humans_NN2 ;_PUN however_AV0 ,_PUN supposing_CJS he_PNP did_VDD ,_PUN he_PNP also_AV0 necessarily_AV0 willed_VVN their_DPS good_AJ0 ,_PUN and_CJC part_NN1 of_PRF that_DT0 good_NN1 is_VBZ to_TO0 will_VM0 them_PNP to_TO0 fulfill_VVI their_DPS natures_NN2 ._SENT 
As_CJS Davies_NP0 maintains_VVZ ,_PUN however_AV0 ,_PUN such_DT0 does_VDZ not_XX0 make_VVI God_NP0 a_AT0 moral_AJ0 being_NN1 like_PRP humans_NN2 ._SENT Unlike_AJ0 humans_NN2 ,_PUN who_PNQ are_VBB just_AV0 in_PRP reference_NN1 to_PRP a_AT0 law_NN1 ,_PUN God_NP0 ,_PUN says_VVZ Aquinas_NP0 ,_PUN has_VHZ no_AT0 law_NN1 that_CJT is_VBZ "_PUQ external_AJ0 "_PUQ to_PRP him_PNP ._SENT He_PNP says_VVZ ,_PUN "_PUQ Since_CJS good_AJ0 as_CJS perceived_VVN by_PRP intellect_NN1 is_VBZ the_AT0 object_NN1 of_PRF the_AT0 will_NN1 ,_PUN it_PNP is_VBZ impossible_AJ0 for_PRP God_NP0 to_PRP will_NN1 anything_PNI but_CJC what_DTQ His_DPS wisdom_NN1 approves_VVZ ._SENT This_DT0 is_VBZ ,_PUN as_CJS it_PNP were_VBD ,_PUN His_DPS law_NN1 of_PRF justice_NN1 ,_PUN in_PRP accordance_NN1 with_PRP which_DTQ His_DPS will_NN1 is_VBZ right_AJ0 and_CJC just_AV0 ._SENT Hence_AV0 ,_PUN what_DTQ he_PNP does_VDZ according_VVG to_PRP His_DPS will_NN1 He_PNP does_VDZ justly_AV0 :_PUN as_CJS we_PNP do_VDB justly_AV0 what_DTQ we_PNP do_VDB according_VVG to_PRP law_NN1 ._SENT But_CJC whereas_CJS law_NN1 comes_VVZ to_PRP us_PNP from_PRP some_DT0 higher_AJC power_NN1 God_NP0 is_VBZ a_AT0 law_NN1 unto_PRP Himself_PNX ._SENT "_PUQ In_PRP other_AJ0 words_NN2 ,_PUN God_NP0 acts_VVZ justly_AV0 per_PRP his_DPS nature_NN1 ,_PUN viz._AV0 ,_PUN his_DPS will_NN1 and_CJC intellect_NN1 ,_PUN which_DTQ are_VBB really_AV0 the_AT0 same_DT0 in_PRP God_NP0 ._SENT However_AV0 ,_PUN Davies_NP0 argues_VVZ that_CJT one_PNI should_VM0 not_XX0 take_VVI Aquinas_NP0 as_PRP meaning_VVG that_CJT God_NP0 is_VBZ just_AJ0 or_CJC moral_AJ0 in_PRP a_AT0 univocal_AJ0 way_NN1 as_PRP those_DT0 terms_NN2 are_VBB applied_VVN to_PRP humans_NN2 ._SENT Aquinas_NP0 explicitly_AV0 writes_VVZ ,_PUN "_PUQ Univocal_AJ0 predication_NN1 is_VBZ impossible_AJ0 between_PRP God_NP0 and_CJC creatures_NN2 "_PUQ ._SENT Further_AV0 ,_PUN since_CJS one_CRD cannot_NN1 know_VVB the_AT0 divine_AJ0 essence_NN1 in_PRP itself_PNX ,_PUN one_CRD cannot_NP0 know_VVB the_AT0 exact_AJ0 meaning_NN1 of_PRF such_DT0 terms_NN2 as_CJS "_PUQ just_AV0 "_PUQ ._SENT Aquinas_NP0 further_AV0 notes_VVZ that_CJT terms_NN2 such_DT0 "_PUQ as_CJS good_AJ0 ,_PUN wise_AJ0 ,_PUN and_CJC the_AT0 like_AJ0 "_PUQ can_VM0 be_VBI predicated_VVN of_PRF God_NP0 substantially_AV0 ,_PUN "_PUQ although_CJS they_PNP fall_VVB short_AJ0 of_PRF a_AT0 full_AJ0 representation_NN1 of_PRF Him_PNP "_PUQ ._SENT Such_DT0 is_VBZ the_AT0 case_NN1 because_CJS creatures_NN2 know_VVB God_NP0 indirectly_AV0 via_PRP creation_NN1 ._SENT Further_AV0 ,_PUN Aquinas_NP0 thinks_VVZ that_CJT all_DT0 creaturely_AJ0 perfections_NN2 pre-exist_VVB in_PRP God_NP0 as_PRP their_DPS cause_NN1 ,_PUN but_CJC in_PRP a_AT0 more_AV0 perfect_AJ0 way_NN1 (_PUL if_CJS such_DT0 perfections_NN2 are_VBB properly_AV0 said_VVN of_PRF God_NP0 )_PUR ._SENT Thus_AV0 ,_PUN when_CJS it_PNP is_VBZ said_VVN that_CJT "_PUQ God_NP0 is_VBZ just_AV0 "_PUQ ,_PUN it_PNP should_VM0 not_XX0 be_VBI taken_VVN univocally_AV0 as_CJS when_CJS it_PNP is_VBZ said_VVN "_PUQ John_NP0 is_VBZ just_AV0 "_PUQ ._SENT There_EX0 is_VBZ a_AT0 similarity_NN1 ,_PUN that_DT0 is_VBZ analogy_NN1 ,_PUN but_CJC not_XX0 an_AT0 exact_AJ0 meaning_NN1 ._SENT Since_CJS to_TO0 be_VBI just_AV0 in_PRP the_AT0 way_NN1 creatures_NN2 are_VBB is_VBZ to_TO0 say_VVI that_CJT the_AT0 creature_NN1 is_VBZ living_VVG up_AVP to_PRP a_AT0 standard_NN1 imposed_VVN on_PRP him_PNP ,_PUN then_AV0 such_DT0 cannot_NN1 be_VBI the_AT0 understanding_NN1 of_PRF justice_NN1 applied_VVN to_PRP God_NP0 ._SENT 
In_PRP short_AJ0 ,_PUN God_NP0 can_VM0 be_VBI said_VVN to_TO0 contain_VVI the_AT0 moral_AJ0 virtues_NN2 of_PRF his_DPS creatures_NN2 ;_PUN however_AV0 ,_PUN Aquinas_NP0 thinks_VVZ that_CJT all_DT0 virtues_NN2 contained_VVN in_PRP creatures_NN2 in_PRP a_AT0 way_NN1 pre-exist_VVB in_PRP God_NP0 ._SENT However_AV0 ,_PUN they_PNP do_VDB not_XX0 pre-exist_VVI in_PRP God_NP0 as_PRP the_AT0 efficient_AJ0 cause_NN1 as_CJS they_PNP do_VDB in_PRP the_AT0 effects_NN2 ._SENT Terms_NN2 such_DT0 as_PRP "_PUQ justice_NN1 "_PUQ are_VBB to_TO0 be_VBI taken_VVN analogously_AV0 and_CJC not_XX0 univocally_AV0 ._SENT While_CJS we_PNP can_VM0 rightly_AV0 apply_VVI such_DT0 terms_NN2 to_PRP God_NP0 ,_PUN they_PNP do_VDB not_XX0 have_VHI the_AT0 same_DT0 exact_AJ0 meaning_NN1 as_CJS they_PNP do_VDB for_PRP creatures_NN2 ._SENT Further_AV0 ,_PUN one_CRD cannot_NP0 know_VVB what_DTQ God_NP0 is_VBZ in_PRP himself_PNX ._SENT Lastly_AV0 ,_PUN one_PNI should_VM0 not_XX0 take_VVI such_DT0 virtues_NN2 as_PRP God_NP0 having_VHG obligations_NN2 to_TO0 fulfill_VVI ._SENT 
7._CRD Sterba_NP0 's_POS Objections_NN2 and_CJC Responses_NN2 
In_PRP chapter_NN1 six_CRD of_PRF Is_VBZ a_AT0 Good_AJ0 God_NN1 Logically_AV0 Possible_AJ0 ?_SENT ,_PUN Sterba_NP0 offers_VVZ a_AT0 critique_NN1 of_PRF Davies_NP0 '_POS view_NN1 and_CJC the_AT0 view_NN1 offered_VVD here_AV0 ._SENT The_AT0 preceding_AJ0 chapters_NN2 of_PRF his_DPS book_NN1 take_VVI God_NP0 to_TO0 be_VBI a_AT0 moral_AJ0 agent_NN1 ,_PUN but_CJC here_AV0 ,_PUN he_PNP addresses_VVZ Davies_NP0 '_POS contention_NN1 that_CJT God_NP0 is_VBZ not_XX0 a_AT0 moral_AJ0 agent_NN1 ._SENT 
One_CRD of_PRF the_AT0 objections_NN2 that_CJT Sterba_NP0 presents_VVZ against_PRP Davies_NP0 is_VBZ that_CJT since_CJS God_NP0 is_VBZ a_AT0 rational_AJ0 agent_NN1 ,_PUN then_AV0 he_PNP has_VHZ moral_AJ0 obligations_NN2 ._SENT However_AV0 ,_PUN that_DT0 was_VBD discussed_VVN above_AV0 ,_PUN so_CJS it_PNP will_VM0 not_XX0 be_VBI revisited_VVN here_AV0 ._SENT 
After_PRP the_AT0 discussion_NN1 on_PRP God_NP0 being_VBG a_AT0 rational_AJ0 agent_NN1 ,_PUN Sterba_NP0 contends_VVZ "_PUQ that_CJT the_AT0 real_AJ0 problem_NN1 with_PRP Davies_NP0 [_PUL sic_AV0 ]_PUR account_NN1 is_VBZ not_XX0 so_AV0 much_AV0 with_PRP his_DPS denial_NN1 that_CJT God_NP0 is_VBZ subject_AJ0 to_PRP moral_AJ0 requirements_NN2 ._SENT Rather_AV0 ,_PUN the_AT0 real_AJ0 problem_NN1 is_VBZ that_CJT God_NP0 ,_PUN if_CJS he_PNP exists_VVZ ,_PUN and_CJC were_VBD not_XX0 subject_AJ0 to_PRP such_DT0 requirements_NN2 ,_PUN would_VM0 still_AV0 admittedly_AV0 be_VBI permitting_VVG the_AT0 horrendous_AJ0 evil_AJ0 consequences_NN2 of_PRF all_DT0 the_AT0 immoral_AJ0 actions_NN2 in_PRP the_AT0 world_NN1 when_CJS he_PNP could_VM0 easily_AV0 have_VHI prevented_VVN them_PNP without_PRP either_AV0 permitting_VVG a_AT0 greater_AJC evil_NN1 or_CJC failing_VVG to_TO0 secure_VVI a_AT0 greater_AJC good_NN1 ,_PUN which_DTQ is_VBZ far_AV0 more_AV0 evil_AJ0 than_CJS that_DT0 has_VHZ been_VBN produced_VVN by_PRP all_DT0 the_AT0 great_AJ0 villains_NN2 among_PRP us_PNP ._SENT That_DT0 is_VBZ the_AT0 real_AJ0 problem_NN1 ._SENT "_PUQ However_AV0 ,_PUN it_PNP seems_VVZ that_CJT "_PUQ the_AT0 real_AJ0 problem_NN1 "_PUQ is_VBZ just_AV0 that_CJT God_NP0 would_VM0 be_VBI immoral_AJ0 for_PRP allowing_VVG such_DT0 evils_NN2 ._SENT There_EX0 does_VDZ not_XX0 seem_VVI to_TO0 be_VBI anything_PNI else_AV0 to_TO0 charge_VVI God_NP0 with_PRP ._SENT If_CJS he_PNP could_VM0 not_XX0 be_VBI charged_VVN with_PRP immorality_NN1 ,_PUN what_DTQ is_VBZ Sterba_NP0 charging_VVG him_PNP with_PRP ?_SENT Clearly_AV0 ,_PUN there_EX0 would_VM0 be_VBI some_DT0 imperfection_NN1 ,_PUN according_VVG to_PRP Sterba_NP0 ,_PUN in_PRP such_DT0 an_AT0 account_NN1 ._SENT Yet_AV0 ,_PUN what_DTQ would_VM0 that_DT0 imperfection_NN1 be_VBI if_CJS not_XX0 God_NP0 being_VBG immoral_AJ0 ?_SENT It_PNP seems_VVZ ,_PUN then_AV0 ,_PUN that_CJT "_PUQ the_AT0 real_AJ0 problem_NN1 "_PUQ is_VBZ that_CJT God_NP0 would_VM0 not_XX0 be_VBI adhering_VVG to_PRP moral_AJ0 standards_NN2 that_CJT rational_AJ0 beings_NN2 should_VM0 adhere_VVI to_PRP ,_PUN according_VVG to_PRP Sterba_NP0 ._SENT However_AV0 ,_PUN that_DT0 is_VBZ the_AT0 very_AJ0 thing_NN1 Davies_NP0 is_VBZ objecting_VVG to_TO0 ._SENT 
Next_ORD ,_PUN Sterba_NP0 claims_VVZ that_CJT if_CJS Davies_NP0 is_VBZ going_VVG to_TO0 reject_VVI the_AT0 idea_NN1 of_PRF God_NP0 being_VBG morally_AV0 good_AJ0 ,_PUN then_AV0 he_PNP would_VM0 need_VVI to_TO0 demonstrate_VVI how_AVQ else_AV0 God_NP0 is_VBZ said_VVN to_TO0 be_VBI good_AJ0 ._SENT The_AT0 notion_NN1 of_PRF how_AVQ God_NP0 is_VBZ perfect_AJ0 and_CJC good_AJ0 was_VBD discussed_VVN above_AV0 ._SENT Sterba_NN1 at_PRP this_DT0 point_NN1 puts_VVZ the_AT0 basic_AJ0 idea_NN1 into_PRP an_AT0 argument_NN1 :_PUN 
All_DT0 things_NN2 seek_VVB their_DPS good_AJ0 (_PUL that_DT0 which_DTQ attracts_VVZ )_PUR ._SENT 
All_DT0 things_NN2 seeking_VVG their_DPS good_AJ0 are_VBB effects_NN2 of_PRF God_NP0 (_PUL things_NN2 made_VVN to_TO0 be_VBI by_PRP God_NP0 )_PUR ._SENT 
Effects_NN2 are_VBB somehow_AV0 like_PRP their_DPS causes_NN2 ._SENT 
Therefore_AV0 ,_PUN the_AT0 goodness_NN1 which_DTQ creatures_NN2 are_VBB drawn_VVN to_TO0 is_VBZ like_PRP God_NP0 who_PNQ can_VM0 therefore_AV0 be_VBI thought_VVN of_PRF as_AV0 attractive_AJ0 (_PUL or_CJC good_AJ0 )_PUR like_PRP the_AT0 goods_NN2 to_PRP which_DTQ creatures_NN2 are_VBB attracted_VVN ._SENT 
